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Articoli di riviste sul tema "550.151 95":
1
Everhart, Joshua Scott, David C. Flanigan, Robert A. Magnussen e Christopher C. Kaeding. "Platelet-Rich Plasma: Does It Decrease Meniscus Repair Failure Risk?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, n. 7_suppl5 (luglio 2019): 2325967119S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00247.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives: (1) To determine whether intraoperative PRP affects meniscus repair failure risk. (2) To determine whether the effect of PRP on meniscus failure risk is influenced by ACL reconstruction status or by PRP preparation. Methods: 550 patients (mean age 28.8 years SD 11.3) who underwent meniscus repair surgery with PRP (n=203 total, n=148 prepared with GPS III system, n=55 Angel system) or without PRP (n=347) and with (n=399) or without (n=151) concurrent ACL reconstruction were assessed for meniscus repair failure within 3 years. The independent effect of PRP on meniscus repair failure risk was determined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ACL status, tear pattern, tear vascularity, repair technique, side (medial or lateral) and number of sutures or implants utilized. Results: Failures within 3 years occurred in 17.0% of patients without PRP and 14.7% of patients with PRP (p=0.52) (Angel PRP: 14.6%; GPS III PRP: 12.0%; p=0.59). Increased patient age was protective against meniscus failure regardless of ACL or PRP status (per 5-year increase in age: adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81, 1.0; p=0.047). The effect of PRP on meniscus failure risk was dependent upon concomitant ACL injury status (Figure). Among isolated meniscus repairs (20.3% failures at 3 years), PRP was independently associated with lower risk of failure (aHR 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.59; p=0.002) with no difference between PRP vendors (p=0.84). Among meniscus repairs with concomitant ACLR (14.1% failures at 3 years), PRP was not independently associated with risk of failure (aHR 1.39 CI 0.81, 2.36; p=0.23) with no difference between PRP venders (p=0.78). Conclusion: Both PRP preparations utilized in the current study had a substantial protective effect on isolated meniscus repair failure risk over 3 years. In the setting of concomitant ACL reconstruction, intraoperative PRP does not reduce meniscus repair failure risk. [Figure: see text]
2
Everhart, Joshua S., Parker A. Cavendish, Alex Eikenberry, Robert A. Magnussen, Christopher C. Kaeding e David C. Flanigan. "Platelet-Rich Plasma Reduces Failure Risk for Isolated Meniscal Repairs but Provides No Benefit for Meniscal Repairs With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction". American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, n. 8 (5 giugno 2019): 1789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519852616.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the risk of meniscal repair failure is unclear. Current evidence is limited to small studies without comparison between isolated repairs and meniscal repairs with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is also unclear whether the efficacy of PRP differs between preparation systems in the setting of meniscal repair. Purpose: (1) To determine whether intraoperative PRP affects the risk of meniscal repair failure. (2) To determine whether the effect of PRP on meniscal failure risk is influenced by ACL reconstruction status or by PRP preparation system. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study entailed 550 patients (mean ± SD age, 28.8 ± 11.2 years) who underwent meniscal repair surgery with PRP (n = 203 total; n = 148 prepared with GPS III system, n = 55 prepared with Angel system) or without PRP (n = 347) and with (n = 399) or without (n = 151) concurrent ACL reconstruction. The patients were assessed for meniscal repair failure within 3 years. The independent effect of PRP on the risk of meniscal repair failure was determined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, ACL status, tear pattern, tear vascularity, repair technique, side (medial or lateral), and number of sutures or implants used. Results: Failures within 3 years occurred in 17.0% of patients without PRP and 14.6% of patients with PRP ( P = .60) (Angel PRP, 15.9%; GPS III PRP, 14.2%; P = .58). Increased patient age was protective against meniscal failure regardless of ACL or PRP status (per 5-year increase in age: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-1.0; P = .047). The effect of PRP on meniscal failure risk was dependent on concomitant ACL injury status. Among isolated meniscal repairs (20.3% failures at 3 years), PRP was independently associated with lower risk of failure (aHR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.03-0.59; P = .002) with no difference between PRP preparation systems ( P = .84). Among meniscal repairs with concomitant ACL reconstruction (14.1% failures at 3 years), PRP was not independently associated with risk of failure (aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.81-2.36; P = .23) with no difference between PRP preparation systems ( P = .78). Conclusion: Both PRP preparations used in the current study had a substantial protective effect in terms of the risk of isolated meniscal repair failure over 3 years. In the setting of concomitant ACL reconstruction, PRP does not reduce the risk of meniscal repair failure.
3
Mowlavi, N., I. Lecoeur-Taïbi, T. Lebzelter, L. Rimoldini, D. Lorenz, M. Audard, J. De Ridder et al. "Gaia Data Release 2". Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (ottobre 2018): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833366.
Abstract (sommario):
Context. Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) provides a unique all-sky catalogue of 550 737 variable stars, of which 151 761 are long-period variable (LPV) candidates with G variability amplitudes larger than 0.2 mag (5–95% quantile range). About one-fifth of the LPV candidates are Mira candidates, the majority of the rest are semi-regular variable candidates. For each source, G, GBP, and GRP photometric time-series are published, together with some LPV-specific attributes for the subset of 89 617 candidates with periods in G longer than 60 days. Aims. We describe this first Gaia catalogue of LPV candidates, give an overview of its content, and present various validation checks. Methods. Various samples of LPVs were used to validate the catalogue: a sample of well-studied very bright LPVs with light curves from the American Association of Variable Star Observers that are partly contemporaneous with Gaia light curves, a sample of Gaia LPV candidates with good parallaxes, the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae catalogue of LPVs, and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalogues of LPVs towards the Magellanic Clouds and the Galactic bulge. Results. The analyses of these samples show a good agreement between Gaia DR2 and literature periods. The same is globally true for bolometric corrections of M-type stars. The main contaminant of our DR2 catalogue comes from young stellar objects (YSOs) in the solar vicinity (within ~1 kpc), although their number in the whole catalogue is only at the percent level. A cautionary note is provided about parallax-dependent LPV attributes published in the catalogue. Conclusions. This first Gaia catalogue of LPVs approximately doubles the number of known LPVs with amplitudes larger than 0.2 mag, despite the conservative candidate selection criteria that prioritise low contamination over high completeness, and despite the limited DR2 time coverage compared to the long periods characteristic of LPVs. It also contains a small set of YSO candidates, which offers the serendipitous opportunity to study these objects at an early stage of the Gaia data releases.
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Gupta, N., C. L. Reichardt, P. A. R. Ade, A. J. Anderson, M. Archipley, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva et al. "Fractional polarization of extragalactic sources in the 500 deg2 SPTpol survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, n. 4 (21 ottobre 2019): 5712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2905.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT We study the polarization properties of extragalactic sources at 95 and 150 GHz in the SPTpol 500 deg2 survey. We estimate the polarized power by stacking maps at known source positions, and correct for noise bias by subtracting the mean polarized power at random positions in the maps. We show that the method is unbiased using a set of simulated maps with similar noise properties to the real SPTpol maps. We find a flux-weighted mean-squared polarization fraction 〈p2〉 = [8.9 ± 1.1] × 10−4 at 95 GHz and [6.9 ± 1.1] × 10−4 at 150 GHz for the full sample. This is consistent with the values obtained for a subsample of active galactic nuclei. For dusty sources, we find 95 per cent upper limits of 〈p2〉95 < 16.9 × 10−3 and 〈p2〉150 < 2.6 × 10−3. We find no evidence that the polarization fraction depends on the source flux or observing frequency. The 1σ upper limit on measured mean-squared polarization fraction at 150 GHz implies that extragalactic foregrounds will be subdominant to the CMB E and B mode polarization power spectra out to at least ℓ ≲ 5700 (ℓ ≲ 4700) and ℓ ≲ 5300 (ℓ ≲ 3600), respectively, at 95 (150) GHz.
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Wu, Wen, Wenxing Guo, Naifan Zhang, Min Gao, Kexin Zhang, Elizabeth N. Pearce, Shaohan Li et al. "Adverse Effects on the Thyroid of Chinese Pregnant Women Exposed to Long-Term Iodine Excess: Optimal and Safe Tolerable Upper Intake Levels of Iodine". Nutrients 15, n. 7 (28 marzo 2023): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15071635.
Abstract (sommario):
Ensuring optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant women is a global public health concern. However, there is no direct data on safe tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the ULs of pregnant women. A total of 744 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The median (IQR) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women was 150.2 (87.6, 268.0) μg/L, and the urinary iodine excretion (UIE) over 24 h was 204.2 (116.0, 387.0) μg/day. Compared with those with a UIE figure of between 150–250 μg/day, the reference group, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 5.7 times higher (95%CI: 1.7, 19.2) in pregnant women with a UIE figure of between 450–550 μg/day, and 3.9 times higher (95%CI: 1.5, 10.3) in pregnant women with a UIE figure of ≥550 μg/day. Compared with an estimated iodine intake (EII) of between 100–200 μg/day, the reference group, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 4.3 times higher (95%CI: 1.3, 14.4) in pregnant women with a UIE figure of between 500–600 μg/day, and 3.6 times higher (95%CI: 1.5, 8.9) in pregnant women with UIE of ≥600 μg/day. In general, our cross-sectional study found that excessive iodine intake during pregnancy appears to directly increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction. Avoiding chronic iodine intakes of 500 μg/day or higher or having a UIE figure of ≥450 μg/day is recommended for pregnant women in China.
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Яцкевич, Н. В., Э. Гурбанова, Г. Л. Гуревич, А. Ованнесян e Е. М. Скрягина. "Preliminary Data on the Efficacy, Predictors of Unfavorable Outcomes of 9-Month Treatment Regimes in Patients with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Republic of Belarus". Рецепт, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2023): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2023.26.1.005.
Abstract (sommario):
Введение. Общая продолжительность лечения рифампицин-устойчивого туберкулеза (РУ-ТБ) составляет 18 месяцев. Эффективность применяемых режимов низкая (73% в когорте 2018 года). Разработка эффективных коротких режимов лечения РУ-ТБ является актуальной задачей. В Республике Беларусь применяются модифицированные короткие режимы лечения (мКРЛ) пациентов с РУ-ТБ в рамках операционного исследования. Цель. Провести предварительную оценку эффективности, прогностических факторов неблагоприятных исходов мКРЛ у пациентов с РУ-ТБ. Материалы и методы. Проведена предварительная оценка эффективности мКРЛ, содержащих бедаквилин, левофлоксацин, линезолид, клофазимин и циклосерин или деламанид, длительностью 39 недель в когорте пациентов с РУ-ТБ. Проведен однофакторный анализ с целью выявления прогностических факторов неблагоприятных исходов лечения пациентов с РУ-ТБ. Результаты. Из 550 пациентов, включенных в исследование с декабря 2019 по октябрь 2021 года, 13 пациентов были исключены из исследования, продолжили лечение по индивидуальной схеме, у 90,7% (493/537) был зарегистрирован успешный исход лечения, у 2,6% – неудача в лечении, 2,8% – потеря для последующего наблюдения, 3,9% – умерли. Прогностическими факторами неблагоприятного исхода лечения были возраст старше 45 лет (ОШ – 2,9, 95% ДИ 1,5–5,8, р=0,002), наличие ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) (ОШ – 2,2, 95% ДИ 1,1–4,5, р=0,02), развитие серьезных нежелательных явлений (СНЯ) (ОШ – 2,0, 95% ДИ 1,1–3,7, р=0,004), наличие полостейраспада в легких (ОШ – 2,0, 95% ДИ 1,1–3,7, р=0,02), срок конверсии посева мокроты >90 дней (ОШ – 3,35, 95% ДИ 1,2–9,5, р=0,03). Частота развития неблагоприятных исходов не зависела от пола, индекса массы тела, наличия инфекции ВИЧ, вирусного гепатита С. Выводы. Эффективность мКРЛ у пациентов с РУ-ТБ высокая (90,7%). Пациенты с наличием полостей распада в легких до начала лечения, с более поздней конверсией посева мокроты, с наличием ИБС и развитием СНЯ имеют более низкие шансы на излечение. Introduction. The total duration of treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) is 18 months. The efficacy of these regimens is low (73% in the 2018 cohort). The development of effective short regimens for RR-TB treatment is an urgent task. In the Republic of Belarus modified short treatment regimens (mSTR) are used in patients with RR-TB under operational research condition. Purpose. To conduct a preliminary assessment of the efficacy, predictors of unfavourable outcomes of mSTR for patients with RR-TB. Materials and methods. A preliminary assessment of the efficacy of 39-week mSTR containing bedaquiline, levofloxacin, linezolid, clofazimine, and cycloserine or delamanid was performed in a cohort of patients with RR-TB. Univariate analysis was used to detect factors associated with unfavourable outcomes. Results. Of 550 patients who were enrolled from December 2019 to October 2021, 13 patients were excluded from the study, continued treatment according to the individualized regimen, 90.7% (493/537) had favourable outcome of treatment, 2.6% failed, 2.8% were lost to follow-up, 3.9% died. Predictors of unfavourable outcomes were age over 45 years (OR – 2.9, 95% CI 1.5–5.8, p=0.002), presence of Ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR – 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5, p=0.02), presence of serious adverse events (SAE) (OR – 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.7, p=0.004), presence of cavities (OR – 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.7, p=0.02), time to culture conversion >90 days (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.2–9.5, p=0.03). Frequency of unfavourable outcomes did not depend on gender, body mass index, presence of HIV infection, viral hepatitis C. Conclusion. The efficacy of mSTR for patients with RR-TB is high (90.7%). Patients with pulmonary cavitary lesions at treatment start and those, with later culture conversion, with IHD, with SAE have a lower chance of cure.
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Rentroia-Pacheco, Barbara, Lara Pozza, Yan Ting Chen, Daphne Huigh, Celeste J. Eggermont, Olivia FM Steijlen, Sheril Alex et al. "Abstract 4869: Efficient study design for the discovery of a gene expression signature predicting metastasis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma". Cancer Research 84, n. 6_Supplement (22 marzo 2024): 4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-4869.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: The StepIdent study aims to develop a gene signature predicting metastasis in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) to improve risk stratification, thus enabling personalized decisions about follow-up schedules and treatment options. Here we describe the unique characteristics, challenges, and best practices for an efficient design of a discovery cohort for a rare outcome (metastasis prevalence: 2-5%); for retrieving, curating, and linking the clinical and pathological data through nationwide databases; and for measuring gene expression through sequencing of archived Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) primary tumor samples. Methods: Following a predefined protocol, we identified a nested-case control cohort (NCC) of 305 cases and 305 controls from a nationwide cohort of 19,120 patients with a first cSCC in the Netherlands from 2007 to 2009, followed up until 2020. We chose an NCC design since it is an efficient study design in a rare outcome setting (weighting is needed to accommodate the under-sampling of the controls). Patients were identified from the Dutch National Cancer Registry (NCR) and the clinical information was retrieved from the NCR which is linked to the nationwide registry of histo- and cytopathology (PALGA). Tumor blocks were requested from PALGA, and pathological characteristics were assessed by dermatopathologists. We matched controls to cases, based on a risk score estimated by a clinicopathological model. Gene expression was measured using the Illumina RNA Prep with Enrichment kit combined with the whole exome panel and paired-end sequenced on the NextSeq 550. Results: Tissue slides for 541 samples were retrieved for sequencing. 151 samples were excluded after pathology review or due to low pre-library concentration. The final cohort includes 195 case-control pairs (n=390). The median sequencing depth was 43M (Q1-Q3: 35-52M); the median Q30 was 85% (Q1-Q3: 83-87%); the median GC content was 51% (Q1-Q3: 50-52%); a median of 1.8% of base pairs (Q1-Q3: 1.4-2.1%) was trimmed prior to the mapping/alignment; a median of 69% (Q1-Q3: 65-74%) of reads were aligned as protein-coding and a median of 7% (Q1-Q3: 6-10%) as rRNA; a median of 95% (Q1-Q3: 93-96%) of reads were aligned by STAR. Two samples were excluded based on quality control. Conclusion: We described an efficient design and implementation of a nationwide discovery study in cSCC, involving the retrieval of clinicopathological data, the collection of FFPE materials, and the execution of omics measurements. This study presents the largest cohort to date, incorporating omics measurements of primary cSCC samples, combined with simultaneous access to well-curated clinical and pathological information and follow-up data. Our findings can provide guidance for similar studies involving a rare clinical endpoint, where an efficient study design is a necessity. Citation Format: Barbara Rentroia-Pacheco, Lara Pozza, Yan Ting Chen, Daphne Huigh, Celeste J. Eggermont, Olivia FM Steijlen, Sheril Alex, Jvalini Dwarkasing, Domenico Bellomo, Harmen JG van de Werken, Antien L. Mooyaart, Marlies Wakkee, Loes M. Hollestein. Efficient study design for the discovery of a gene expression signature predicting metastasis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4869.
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Bihan, Line, Emmanuel Nowak, François Anouilh, Christophe Tremouilhac, Philippe Merviel, Cécile Tromeur, Sara Robin et al. "Development and Validation of a Predictive Tool for Postpartum Hemorrhage after Vaginal Delivery: A Prospective Cohort Study". Biology 12, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12010054.
Abstract (sommario):
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity worldwide. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for PPH after vaginal deliveries, based on routinely available clinical and biological data. The derivation monocentric cohort included pregnant women with vaginal delivery at Brest University Hospital (France) between April 2013 and May 2015. Immediate PPH was defined as a blood loss of ≥500 mL in the first 24 h after delivery and measured with a graduated collector bag. A logistic model, using a combination of multiple imputation and variable selection with bootstrap, was used to construct a predictive model and a score for PPH. An external validation was performed on a prospective cohort of women who delivered between 2015 and 2019 at Brest University Hospital. Among 2742 deliveries, PPH occurred in 141 (5.1%) women. Eight factors were independently associated with PPH: pre-eclampsia (aOR 6.25, 95% CI 2.35–16.65), antepartum bleeding (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.43–3.91), multiple pregnancy (aOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.52–6.92), labor duration ≥ 8 h (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.20–2.73), macrosomia (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.36–4.00), episiotomy (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.40–2.93), platelet count < 150 Giga/L (aOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.47–4.55) and aPTT ratio ≥ 1.1 (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.25–3.23). The derived predictive score, ranging from 0 to 10 (woman at risk if score ≥ 1), demonstrated a good discriminant power (AUROC 0.69; 95% CI 0.65–0.74) and calibration. The external validation cohort was composed of 3061 vaginal deliveries. The predictive score on this independent cohort showed an acceptable ability to discriminate (AUROC 0.66; 95% CI 0.62–0.70). We derived and validated a robust predictive model identifying women at risk for PPH using in-depth statistical methodology. This score has the potential to improve the care of pregnant women and to take preventive actions on them.
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Kisiel, Z., e L. Pszczółkowski. "The High-Frequency Rotational Spectrum of 1,1 -Dichloroethylene". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, n. 4-5 (1 maggio 1995): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-4-505.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The b-type rotational spectrum of 1,1-dichloroethylene was investigated up to 450 GHz and was found to be dominated by type-II R-type bands. All constants in the sextic Hamiltonian for the ground states of the common isotopic species and of the 37C1 isotopomer were determined from measurements on transitions with J up to 95. Quartic and sextic planarity defects were evaluated and are compared and discussed with those for several recently investigated planar molecules
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Lanza, Ezio, Maria Elisa Mancuso, Gaia Messana, Paola Ferrazzi, Costanza Lisi, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Stefano Barco, Luca Balzarini e Corrado Lodigiani. "Compromised Lung Volume and Hemostatic Abnormalities in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Results from an Observational Study on 510 Consecutive Patients". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 13 (29 giugno 2021): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132894.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Hemostatic abnormalities have been described in COVID-19, and pulmonary microthrombosis was consistently found at autopsy with concomitant severe lung damage. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study including consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent unenhanced chest CT upon admittance at the emergency room (ER) in one large academic hospital. QCT was used for the calculation of compromised lung volume (%CL). Clinical data were retrieved from patients’ files. Laboratory data were obtained upon presentation at the ER. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hemostatic abnormalities and lung involvement in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia as described using computer-aided quantitative evaluation of chest CT (quantitative CT (QCT)). Results: A total of 510 consecutive patients (68% males), aged 67 years in median, diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, who underwent unenhanced CT scan upon admission to the ER, were included. In all, 115 patients had %CL > 23%; compared to those with %CL < 23%, they showed higher levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, and CRP, greater platelet count, and longer PT ratio. Via multivariate regression analysis, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, D-dimer levels > 500 ng/mL, CRP > 5.0 ng/mL and PT ratio > 1.2 were found to be independent predictors of a %CL > 23% (adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 2.1 (1.1–4.0), 3.1 (1.6–5.8), 2.4 (1.3–4.5), and 3.4 (1.4–8.5), respectively). Conclusions: Hemostatic abnormalities in patients affected by COVID-19 correlate with the severity of lung injury as measured by %CL. Our results underline the pathogenetic role of hemostasis in COVID-19 pneumonia beyond the presence of clinically evident thromboembolic complications.
Libri sul tema "550.151 95":
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Zellenberg, Ulrich. Österreichisches Bundesverfassungsrecht. A cura di Kark Korinek, Michael Holoubek, Christoph Bezemek, Claudia Fuchs e Andrea Martin. Verlag Österreich, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/9783704687425.
Abstract (sommario):
Der von Karl Korinek und Michael Holoubek begründete Großkommentar bietet traditionell eine ebenso umfassende wie profunde Aufarbeitung des österreichischen Verfassungsrechts. Was vor mehr als zwanzig Jahren als Pionierprojekt begonnen hat, ist mittlerweile zum bestimmenden Referenzwerk für Wissenschaft und Praxis geworden. Der zwischenzeitlich um Christoph Bezemek, Claudia Fuchs, Andrea Martin und Ulrich E. Zellenberg ergänzte Kreis der Herausgeberinnen und Herausgeber verfolgt nach wie vor konsequent jenen Anspruch, der das Werk seit jeher ausgezeichnet hat: die Verbindung von unbedingter wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz mit größtmöglicher Aktualität. In zehn laufend ergänzten und aktualisierten Teilbänden vermessen führende Vertreterinnen und Vertreter des öffentlichen Rechts aus Wissenschaft und Praxis sämtliche Bestandteile der Grundordnung der Republik. Sie machen den "Korinek/Holoubek" damit nicht nur zu einem Zentralwerk der österreichischen Rechtsdogmatik, sondern auch zum Ankerpunkt jeder akademisch fundierten Auseinandersetzung mit der österreichischen Bundesverfassung. Die 16. Lieferung (Februar 2021) umfasst: Art 7/1 S 3, 4 (Benjamin Kneihs) Art 7/3, Art 7/4 (Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer/Melina Oswald) Art 10 Abs 1 Z 15 2. Tb (Markus Vasek) Art 10 Abs 1 Z 6 1. Tb (Andreas Wimmer) Art 30a (Christoph Konrath/Rosi Posnik) Art 47 (Christoph Bezemek) Art 59a (Kucsko-Stadlmayer/Melina Oswald) Art 83 Abs 2 (David Leeb) Art 85 (Alexandra Kunesch) Art 95 (Kucsko-Stadlmayer/Melina Oswald) Art 100 (Thomas Müller) Art 105, Art 106 (Gerhart Wielinger) Art 126 (Barbara Leitl-Staudinger) Art 129, Art 130/1 (Harald Eberhard) BVG ÄmterLReg (Gerhart Wielinger) GRC Art 43 (Marcus Klamert) 6. ZPEMRK Art 1-4, 13. ZPEMRK Art 1-4 (Alexandra Kunesch) Aufbau des Gesamtwerkes: Band I/1: Art 1 bis 12 B-VG Band I/2: Art 13 bis 49b B-VG Band I/3: Art 50 bis 81c B-VG Band I/4: Art 82 bis 128 B-VG Band I/5: Art 129 bis 152 B-VG Band II/1: Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention samt Protokollen, Charta der Grundrechte Band II/2: Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte der Staatsbürger, BVG zum Schutz der persönlichen Freiheit sowie weitere Grundrechte (zB Grundrecht auf Datenschutz) Band III/1: Kommentar zum sonstigen Bundesverfassungsrecht: Internationale Beziehungen - Demokratische Grundordnung - Finanzverfassung - Staatsorganisation - Verfassungsaufträge und Staatszielbestimmungen - Energieverfassungsrecht Bände IV/1 und IV/2: Archiv
Capitoli di libri sul tema "550.151 95":
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Parris, Kerry M., e Shamanthi M. Jayasooriya. "Prenatal Risk Assessment for Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Settings: Infection". In Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04462-5_5.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractMaternal infections are a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB); 40% to 50% of PTBs are estimated to result from infection or inflammation. Higher infection rates are reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and over 80% of PTBs occur in these settings. Global literature was synthesised to identify infections whose prevention or treatment could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes and/or prevent mother-to-child transmission of infections.Best evidenced risk factors for PTB were maternal infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR2.27; 95%CI: 1.2–4.3), syphilis (OR2.09; 95%CI:1.09–4.00), or malaria (aOR3.08; 95%CI:1.2–4.3). Lower certainty evidence identified increased PTB risk with urinary tract infections (OR1.8; 95%CI: 1.4–2.1), sexually transmitted infections (OR1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.4), bacterial vaginosis (aOR16.4; 95%CI: 4.3–62.7), and systemic viral pathogens.Routine blood testing and treatment are recommended for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis, as well as for malaria in areas with moderate to high transmission. In high-risk populations and asymptomatic or symptomatic disease, screening for lower genital tract infections associated with PTB should be offered at the antenatal booking appointment. This should inform early treatment and management. Heath education promoting pre-pregnancy and antenatal awareness of infections associated with PTB and other adverse pregnancy outcomes is recommended.
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"TRACTATE 95". In Tractates on the Gospel of John 55–111 (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 90), 186–92. Catholic University of America Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt32b255.45.
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"28. Kürzung einer Zuwendung fur Mitarbeiter im kirchlichen Dienst. BAG, Urteilvom 17.4.1996 (10 AZR 558/95)". In 1.1.–31.12.1996, 146–54. De Gruyter, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110893526-029.
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Stampfer, Meir J., Graham A. Colditz, Stephanie J. London, Christopher G. Chute, Bernard Rosner, Walter C. Willett, Charles H. Hennekens e Frank E. Speizer. "Smoking and Hormone-related disorders in the Nurses’ Health Study". In Smoking and Hormone-Related Disorders, 20–31. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192619358.003.0002.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Cigarette smoking alters levels of oestrogens and other hormones, and could therefore affect the incidence of disorders thought to be hormonally related. This issue is addressed in the Nurses ‘ Health Study. A cohort of 121 700 nurses was established in 1976, and followed through biennial questionnaires. In 1976, 34.4 per cent of the cohort were current smokers, a proportion very similar to the general US population of women. Smokers had a dose-related earlier menopause than non-smokers, independent of leanness. Cigarette smoking was an important risk factor for both stroke and coronary heart disease, with a pronounced dose effect. Even one to four cigarettes per day led to a relative risk of coronary heart disease of 2.4 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.1-1.5). Approximately half the cases of fatal coronary disease and nonfatal myocardial infarctions were attributable to cigarette smoking. These effects were not materially altered by menopausal status or use of postmenopausal hormones. Smokers who currently used oral contraceptives had a relative risk of coronary heart disease of 5.0 (confidence intervals 2. 7-9.0) compared to non-smoking women who never used them. No effect of past use of oral contraception was observed on risk of cardiovascular diseases in both pre- and post-menopausal women. There was a strong protective effect of post-menopausal oestrogen use for coronary disease that was similar in both smokers and non-smokers. No material association was found between smoking and colorectal cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, or fractures.
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Pickover, Clifford A. "Saippuakauppias". In Wonders of Numbers, 140–41. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133424.003.0057.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In this chapter Dr. Googol is more interested in palindromic numbers than palindromic words or sentences. Palindromic numbers are positive integers that “read” the same backward or forward. For example, 12,321, 11, 261162, and 454 are all palindromic numbers. Figure 57.1 is an interesting plot showing the distribution of the first 200 palindromes when multiplied by a constant. To create the plot, start with an integer x between 1 and 200, multiply it by a constant a, and determine if the result is a palindrome. The “multiplier” a on the y axis of the plot goes from 1 to 200. A dot on the graph indicates a palindromic number. The various patterns produced are quite interesting, and Dr. Googol is fond of making a few casual observations. Note that there is clearly a dense structure below some “hyperbolic” boundary. There is a conspicuous vertical line of closely spaced dots at x = 55 corresponding to 10 consecutive odd a values that produce palindromes. The products are 55 x 91, 55 × 93, 55 × 95, 55 × 97, 55 × 99, 55 × 101, 55 × 103, 55 × 105, 55 × 107, and 55 × 109. Also, when the x-axis value is an even multiple of 5, there are no y data. When the x-axis value is a nonpalindromic odd multiple of 5, they data are scarce. When x is palindromic, there are many y-data points. Notice the plot has symmetry: if x × y is palindromic, y × x is also palindromic.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Progress in Alkene and Alkyne Metathesis: (+)-5- epi -Citreoviral(Funk) and ( ± )-Poitediol (Vanderwal)". In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0032.
Abstract (sommario):
The Fischer carbene 2 at 0.5 mol % gives only 12% conversion of 1 to 4 after 18 hours. Debra J. Wallace of Merck Process showed (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2009, 351, 2277) that addition of a catalytic amount of the inexpensive 3 activated 2 , leading to 95% conversion of 1 to 4 after 18 hours. Shazia Zaman of the University of Canterbury and Andrew D. Abell of the University of Adelaide found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 5340) that the catalyst 5, incorporating a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain, was readily recovered in active form by precipitation and could be reused at least fi ve times. Zhu Yinghuai of the Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Singapore (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2009, 351, 2650), and Chao Che, Zhen Yang, and Biwang Jiang of Peking University (Chem. Commun. 2009, 5990) independently described the preparation of Ru complexes such as 5 bound to magnetic nanoparticles. The catalysts were easily recycled and reused, leaving < 4 ppm Ru in the product. Reto Dorta of the University of Zurich reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9498) that the complex 6 (Ar = 2,7-diisopropylnaphthyl) was a separable mixture of syn- and anti-isomers. The very reactive anti-isomer at 50 ppm converted neat 1 into 2 in 2 hours at room temperature. Richard R. Schrock of MIT devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 10840) an efficient Mo catalyst for a long-sought transformation—the ethenolysis of long-chain alkenes such as 7. Robert A. Stockman of the University of Nottingham developed (Chem. Commun. 2009, 4399) a related Ru-catalyzed procedure: cross-metathesis ring opening with methyl acrylate 11. Amir A. Hoveyda of Boston College, a coauthor on the Schrock paper, used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 10652) a very similar Mo catalyst for the rapid cross-metathesis of an alkyne with ethene, leading after subsequent ring-closing metathesis to products such as 14. Alois Fürstner of the Max-Planck-Institut, Mülheim, described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9468) a well-characterized Mo nitride complex that efficiently catalyzed the conversion of 15 into 16. Samir Bouzbouz of the Université de Rouen and Janine Cossy of ESPCI ParisTech established (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 5446) conditions for the metathesis of alkenes with the linchpin 18.
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Gorlin, Robert J., M. Michael Cohen e Raoul C. M. Hennekam. "Well-Known Miscellaneous Syndromes". In Syndromes of the Head and Neck, 1133–51. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195118612.003.0028.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia) In 1973, Watson and Miller (47) reported the association between intrahepatic cholestasis and pulmonary arterial stenosis. Alagille and coworkers (2), in 1975, added characteristic facies, mental, somatic, and sexual retardation, and vertebral and cardiac malformations. An earlier reference to the same condition is that of Vermassen and Boddaert (46). Low birthweight and growth retardation occur in about 50% , being more common in those with vertebral anomalies. Mueller et al (26) noted that about 25% die prior to the age of 5 years due to cardiovascular or hepatic complications. The chances of survival to 20 years without liver transplantation is about 50% (13). At least 150 cases have been reported (18). Autosomal dominant inheritance with 95% penetrance and highly variable expressivity has been amply demonstrated (11,15a,18,21, 26,38,39,42,47). There is a high occurrence of new mutations (11). In at least 70%, various mutations in human JAGGED 1 (JAG1) gene have been found (45a,48). The gene encodes for a ligand for NOTCH 1, a transmembrane receptor (5,23,28). NOTCH intercellular signaling pathway mediates cell fate decisions during embryogenesis (23). Patients with isolated tetralogy of Fallot may have JAG1 mutations (44). About 15% of the cases are sporadic (10). A deletion has been found at 20p12 in less than 7% (4,14,34,49). FISH is used. The frequency has been estimated at 1/70,000 live births (9).
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Abdel Motagly Abdel Mougod Gouda, Hassan, Abdel-Aal Hassan Moubasher, Mady Ahmed Ismail e Nammat Abd el Gowad Hussein. "Studies on Xerophilic, Acidiphilic, and Alkaliphilic Fungi in Wadi El-Natrun". In Environmental Sciences. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111818.
Abstract (sommario):
The present study is an unprecedented extensive survey of mycobiota of Wadi El-Natrun depression, Western Desert of Egypt, which is a hypersaline extreme environment. The study was confined to the eight main lakes of the Wadi during six seasons in the years 2007/2009. In general, 159 species, in addition to four species varieties assigned to 50 genera, were recovered during the current investigation. The widest spectra of species were recorded in the genera Aspergillus (22 species +2 varieties), Penicillium (19), Fusarium (17), and Acremonium (8). The widest spectrum of species was recorded in El Zugm Lake (82 species) while the lowest was in Fasida (51). Also, the control medium contributed the widest spectrum of species (95 species) while 10% NaCl medium had the lowest (46 species), with the wider spectrum also being recorded in winter and spring seasons and the narrowest during summer. Total of 40 isolates of the most commonly encountered species from different sources, lakes, and isolation media were tested for their capabilities of producing cellulase, protease, lipase, phosphatase, xylanase, and pectinase enzymes. Most isolates had the capabilities of producing cellulase (96%), protease (86.8%), lipase (92.3%), and phosphatase (100%) but with different degrees; however, only 3 out of 20 isolates tested were xylanolytic (15%) and only one out of 38 was pectinolytic.
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Mendiratta, Saurabh, Sunil Gulia, Prachi Goyal e Sanjeev Kumar Goyal. "Evaluation of Particulate Matter Pollution in Micro-Environments of Office Buildings—A Case Study of Delhi, India". In Environmental Sustainability - Preparing for Tomorrow. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95445.
Abstract (sommario):
High level of particulate matter in an office building is one of the prime concerns for occupant’s health and their work performance. The present study focuses on the evaluation of the distribution pattern of airborne particles in three office buildings in Delhi City. The study includes the Assessment of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in the different indoor environments, their particle size distribution, I/O ratio, a correlation between pollutants their sources and management practices. The features of buildings I, II, and III are old infrastructure, new modern infrastructure, and an old building with good maintenance. The results indicate that the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 are found in the range of 55–150 μg m−3, 41–104 μg m−3 and 37–95 μg m−3, respectively in Building I, 33–136 μg m−3, 30–84 μg m−3 and 28–73 μg m−3, respectively in Building II and 216–330 μg m−3, 188–268 μg m−3 and 171–237 μg m−3, respectively in Building III. The maximum proportion of the total mass contributed by PM0.25–1.0 i.e., up to 75%, 86%, and 76% in the meeting room of Building I, II and III, respectively. The proportion of ultrafine particles was found higher in the office area where the movement was minimum and vice versa. The higher I/O indicates the contribution of the presence of indoor sources for ultra-fine and finer particles. Further, possible strategies for indoor air pollution control are also discussed.
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Pişkin Tunç, Mutlu, e Cansu Kaya. "Yedinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Matematiksel Muhakemeye Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik Algılarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi". In Eğitimde Güncel Araştırmalar - VI. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub383.c1714.
Abstract (sommario):
Araştırmanın ana amacı, yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel muhakemeye yönelik öz-yeterlik algılarını cinsiyet ve matematik başarısını göz önünde bulundurarak incelemektir. Çalışmanın verileri, 2021-2022 öğretim yılında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bir il merkezinde beş farklı devlet okulunda okuyan yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinden toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 188’i kız, 190’ı erkek olmak toplam 378 yedinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öğrenciler matematik başarılarına göre dört gruba ayrılmıştır. Buna göre öğrencilerin 83’ü 0-54 puan, 95’i 55-69 puan, 99’u 70-84 puan, 101’i ise 85-100 puan arasında matematik başarısına sahiptir. Bu araştırmada Mumcu (2019) tarafından geliştirilen “Matematiksel Muhakeme Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek 11’i, olumlu, 10’u olumsuz toplam 21 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Veriler analiz edilirken betimsel istatistik metotları ve çıkarımsal istatistik metotları kullanılmıştır. Ölçekteki maddelerin ortalama puanları hesaplanmıştır. Ölçekten alınacak en düşük puan 21, en yüksek puan 105’tir. Öğrencilerin ölçeğe verdikleri cevaplara göre toplam puanı elde edildikten sonra alınan puanlara göre değerlendirme yapılmış ölçekten alınan puanların ortalaması hesaplanmıştır. Bunun yanında yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cinsiyet ve matematik başarısı değişkenlerine göre öz-yeterlik algılarının farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemek için “Bağımsız Örneklemler İçin Faktöriyel ANOVA” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel muhakeme öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin orta düzeyin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, öğrencilerin kendilerine en çok Genelleme/Soyutlama/Modelleme yaparken güvendikleri fakat Akıl Yürütme/İlişkilendirmeden yaparken kendilerine daha az güvendikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun yanında, öğrencilerin matematiksel muhakemeye yönelik öz-yeterlik algılarında cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, matematik başarısına göre anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur. Özetle, matematik başarısı yüksek olan öğrencinin matematiksel muhakeme öz-yeterlik algısının da yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Atti di convegni sul tema "550.151 95":
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Schimpf, K. l., B. Kraus, W. Kreuz, H. H. Brackmann, F. Haschke e W. Schramm. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH PASTEURIZED F VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 151 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A OR VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643973.
Abstract (sommario):
Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy in hemophilia. As regards F VIII products a concentrate (Hemate HS or P) in which viruses are inactivated by heat-treatment over 10 hours at 60° C in aqueous solution is available since 1979. Our clinical studies have shown that this product does not transmit HBV and HNANBV. As the product was manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that it also does not transmit HIV. As it is, for ethical reasons, not possible to treat a control group with non-virus-inactivated F VIII, non-transmission of HIV can only proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated exclusively with this virus-inactivated product.We collected data from 151 patients treated with Hemate HS (P) who had never before received blood or blood products. Therapy was started between Feb. 1979 and Jan. 1986 (median July 7,1983). The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 24 (3 - 83) months. 112 patients were observed longer than 13 months. The median total dosage was 17,000 (500 -2,155,375) IU of F VIII, the median patient age was 6 (0,5 - 68) years. In none of these patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule of three, the upper 95% confidence limit for a random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%. For greater numbers of n cases, as in our study, the range of confidence narrows increasingly. The period of observation of this study is hitherto the longest.
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Allamki, Alyaqadhan, Majid Al-Maharbi, Ramanathan Arunachalam e Sayyad Zahid Qamar. "Improved Tensile Strength and Electrical Conductivity of the Electrical Conductor Aluminum Alloy 6201". In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70245.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy 6201-T81 is a popular electrical conductor, widely used for overhead and distribution lines. Its light weight makes its mass conductivity twice that of copper. Aluminum conductors however experience creep, corrosion, power loss, and other drawbacks. Therefore, it has become a necessity for manufacturers to improve mechanical and electrical properties. The alloy 6201-T81 is an age hardenable alloy, in which a controlled precipitation of Mg2Si is performed through two different successive heat treatments: Solution heat treatment and precipitation heat treatment. ∅ 3.5 mm wires of the alloy were solution heat treated at 510 °C for an hour, quenched in ice water, and precipitation heat treated at the temperature range 150–200°C for the time range 2–24 h. Results show that strength and hardness increase with aging time at the precipitation heat treatment temperatures 150 °C, 165 °C, and 175 °C, but decreased with aging time at 185 °C and 200 °C. The increase was due to the precipitation of finely and uniformly coherent needle-like Mg2Si precipitates, β″. The decrease was due to the precipitation of the semi-coherent and incoherent rod-like Mg2Si precipitates β′ and β, respectively. Electrical conductivity increases with the aging temperature and time. Maximum conductivity was 60 %IACS obtained after treatments (185°C, 18h), (200 °C, 13h), and (200 °C, 24h. Optimum mechanical properties were obtained after the treatment (165 °C, 18 h) (313 MPa, 8%, 95 HV, and 57.7 %IACS). Optical micrographs verified the correlation between the microstructural grain size and both the mechanical and electrical properties.
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Savin, Anatol, e Oleg Ciocoi. "Dinamica efectivului populației iepurelui de camp (Lepus europaeus) in Republica Moldova și exploatarea ei cinegetică". In International symposium ”Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects” dedicated to the 100th anniversary from the birth of academician Alexei Spassky. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.98.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the researches was to study the numberic dynamics of European hare population species of major game importance and its intensity of exploitation. The studies performed in 2012-2017 show that after a period of depression in the population of European hare with the minimum (reproductive stock - 42 thousand specimens) in 2012, there is an annual increase (25-40%) of the number up to 145000 hares in the spring of 2017, with more frequent populations (F = 90-95%) in ecotone zones of agrocenoses, having here a constant significance (WA = 11,9-12,2) in spring and autumn with densities of 140 -200 sp./ 1000 ha. It was established that on lands with a spring density of over 65-70 sp./1000 ha there is an annual increase of 120-150%, which far exceeds the average values in the republic (about 68%) and the winter loss fall within 16-25%. It was found that during the hunting season 5500 hunters participate on a daily basis, exploiting an area of 160000 ha (8.0% of the active surface of the Republican hunting fund), which would allow to hunt once during the season on the same hunting land with an operating range of about 360 hectares per season for a hunter.
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Giat, Eitan, Michael Dreyfuss e Yahel Giat. "Data Analysis of Emergency Department Length of Stay for Patients Presenting with Headaches". In InSITE 2023: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5135.
Abstract (sommario):
Aim/Purpose. Patients’ length of stay in emergency departments (ED) is a widespread problem that poses great hardship on patients and health providers alike. This paper’s purpose is to reduce length of stay (LOS) for patients presenting to the ED with headaches. Background. The increasing number of patients admitted to emergency departments challenges administrators to find ways to reduce the length of stay in the ED. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the potential reduction in LOS by modifying patient flow in the ED, for patients presenting with non-traumatic headache who require a non-contrast head computerized tomography (CT). Methodology. A 41-month retrospective review was performed for all patients presenting to the Sheba ED with non-traumatic headache as the chief complaint and that were referred to CT during their visit. We distinguished between patients that had undergone the standard patient flow of first seeing a physician and only then referred to CT and patients that were sent to CT directly from the triage station, which is run by a triage nurse. For the former group, we identified their main patient flow epochs: arrival, triage nurse, physician referral to CT, performing CT, discharge. Contribution. The contribution is two-fold. First, a practical recommendation for changes in patient workflow to reduce LOS. Second, it demonstrates how medical records can be used to analyze “what-if” scenarios on patient flow. Findings During the period under review, there were 5501 headache patients out of a total of 196681 walk-in ED visits, a ratio of 2.79% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.72%-2.86%). Of the headache patients, 2961 patients were referred to CT and their LOS was 394 minutes (95% CI: 387-401). Modifying the standard patient flow so that patients are sent from triage immediately to CT will potentially reduce 121 minutes (95% CI: 118-124) from their LOS. These potential savings are concentrated mainly in the p.m. hours. Recommendations for Practitioners. The potential LOS reduction can be achieved by modifying current patient flow for patients presenting to the ED with non-traumatic headache. Modifications should focus on late afternoon and evening hours. Accordingly, different proposals addressing the nature of these proposals are discussed. Recommendations for Researchers. There is a plethora of information available in electronic medical records, which is yet to be harnessed to improve the management of health systems. Researchers could apply techniques used in this paper to benefit the health systems. Impact on Society. Reducing LOS will positively affect not only patients who will receive faster service, but also health provider that are currently are operating in a crowded and stressful environment. Future Research. The research can be expanded to other common patient main complaints such as abdominal pain or orthopedic injuries.
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Diego-Marin, Antonio, Carlos Melendez-Cervantes e Armando Giles-Alarcon. "Experimental Study in a 350 MWe Utility Boiler of Oil Droplet and Coke Size Analysis". In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22105.
Abstract (sommario):
A study was carried out to find out the cause of premature plugging of air heaters of a 350 MWe oil fired boiler. The unit burnt a heavy fuel oil number 6, with both high levels of sulfur (3.75%) and asphaltenes (16.2%), as well as high viscosity (555 SSF at 50°C) and API gravity of 11.2. Particle concentration at the furnace exit and at the stack were measured, also flue gas analyses were performed at the same sites. In the furnace were employed water cooled probes of six meters in length which allowed traversing 70% of its width. In addition, the oil droplet size distribution from an atomizer was measured with a Malver Particle Sizer. Cold condition using simulating fluids were taken in this analysis. Also, the unburned carbon particles size distribution, both from the furnace exit and from the stack, was performed with a particle Malver Sizer. The atomizer produced large oil drops, 5.7% by volume larger than 300 micron size, which were considered as promoters of unburned carbon. The concentration of carbon particles in the stack was 60% of that of the furnace exit. Furthermore, the particles from the stack were of smaller size (95% <150 μm) than those of the furnace (89% <150 μm). Deposition of carbon particles in the internal component of the boiler, mainly in the air heaters, was the cause of this finding. To solve the premature plugging of the air heaters of this oil fired boiler, the atomizers should be modified to reduce at a minimum level the oil drops larger than 200 micron size.
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Soares, Leonardo Ribeiro, Victor Domingos Lisita Rosa, Maysa Vilbert, Jéssica Lopes de Oliveira, Mariana Moreira de Deus e Ruffo Freitas-Júnior. "Incidence of interstitial lung disease and cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab deruxtecan in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis". In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1015.
Abstract (sommario):
Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence and severity of those adverse events (AEs) in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). Methodology: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies, including mBC patients with HER2-low or -positive expression who have received at least one dose of T-DXd. The DESTINY-Breast02 study was also included after its presentation at the SABCS 2022. Our meta-analysis followed the Cochrane Reviews and PRISMA statement guidelines. The statistical analysis was performed using the R software, and the results are presented as pooled analysis in forest plots. Results: We included nine studies: three phase III RCTs, three phase II and two phase I non-RCTs, and one retrospective cohort comprising 1,443 patients with a mean follow-up of 14.9 months. The median age of our population ranged from 53 to 59 years. Most were non-Asian (40.5%) and presented with hormone-receptor-positive mBC (66.8%). In a pooled analysis, the incidence of ILD was 13.0% (179 patients; 95%CI 11.0–13.0). Patients enrolled in phase III clinical trials had an ILD rate of 12.0%, while the observational cohort reported a numerically higher rate of 18.0%. Most ILD cases, 84.9% (152 patients), were mild (grade 1 or 2). Grade 3 or 4 AEs were reported in 13 (7.3%) patients, and grade 5 in 14 (7.8%) patients. We assessed cardiotoxicity by the reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared with baseline measures. Decreased LVEF was seen in 3.6% (95%CI 3.0–5.0%), and most patients were asymptomatic. A total of 11 patients developed prolonged QT interval, and four had left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac failure. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis reinforces the importance of close vigilance for pulmonary and cardiac toxicities in mBC patients on treatment with T-DXd. Early detection and management by a multidisciplinary team following the most recent guidelines may improve patient outcomes.
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Alexander, Chris, Dave Runte e Randy Long. "Assessing the Effects of Vibratory Loading on Pipelines Using Analysis and Monitoring Techniques". In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3077.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper provides the methods and results associated with an engineering assessment for a project involving pile driving adjacent to an active 6-inch (152 mm) nominal diameter gas pipeline. The pile driving was associated with the expansion of the I-95 Highway located in Daytona Beach, Florida. The work involved analysis, metallurgical field evaluation, and measurement of strain and acceleration in the pipe during the pile driving. The analysis involved using finite element methods to predict stresses in the pipe using acceleration loads provided during a previous pile driving exercise. Using a range of soil stiffness values, the calculated bending stresses in the pipeline ranged from 50 to 2,000 psi (0.3 to 13.8 MPa). Even with the most compliant soils, the stress was relatively low compared to the hoop stress created by an internal pressure of 500 psi (3.4 MPa). The metallurgical field investigation involved careful inspection of the pipe quality, including field replication and determining the carbon content of one weld. The strain measurements indicated that the stress levels in the pipe were below design stress limits and that the short-term pile driving loads did not inflict serious injury to the line. Findings of the investigation indicated that the pipe had been well-maintained over its 40 year life and that no measurable corrosion was present. This project demonstrates the benefits derived in using a range of engineering disciplines and capabilities to ensure safety in conducting potentially-damaging activities adjacent to active gas pipelines.
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Orlandini, Leonardo Fleury, Franklin Fernandes Pimentel, Jurandyr Moreira de Andrade, Francisco José Cândido dos Reis, Leticia De Mattos Arruda e Daniel Guimarães Tiezzi. "HIGH NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IS PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS". In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2038.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives: We aimed to explore the association of a readily available biomarker of systemic inflammation, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), with breast cancer survival. Methodology: We undertook a single-centered retrospective study of patients with stages I–III breast cancer from 1999 to 2013. Clinicopathological data were collected before receiving any type of treatment. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier curves. Results: The cutoff value for NLR was set at 4.0 (NLRhigh ≥ 4 and NLRlow < 4). Of 1,700 patients included in this study, 121 (7%) had NLRhigh. Median for NLRhigh was 5.0 (4.0–34) and 1.9 (0.18–3.99) for NLRlow. Patients with NLRhigh were associated with more stage III at diagnosis (55% vs. 36%, p <0.01). Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests at 10 years revealed a significant shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.02) and worse overall survival (OS) (p<0.001) for women with NLRhigh compared to those with NLRlow. Multivariate analysis revealed that NLR greater than 4 was independently correlated with shorter OS (HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.02–4.2, p=0.04). Furthermore, a subgroup of obese women with NLRhigh (classified as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ) had the shortest DFS and the worst OS in the cohort (p<0.001). Conclusion: Pretreatment NLR greater than 4 was correlated with worse prognosis in breast cancer. Interestingly, a subgroup of obese patients with NLRhigh had the shortest survival, showing the state of chronic inflammation observed in obese women may influence immune system and the prognosis in breast cancer. Prospective studies are needed to define the best cutoff values and introduce this inflammatory biomarker in clinical use.
9
Kim, Hee Reyoung, Wanno Lee, Kun Ho Chung, Mun Ja Kang, Dong Gyu Lee, Geun Sik Choi e Chang Woo Lee. "The Radioactivity Analysis of 14C in the Graphite Samples From the Dismantled KRR-1&2 Sites by a High Temperature Furnace and a LSC". In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7145.
Abstract (sommario):
The radioactivity of 14C of the graphite samples from the dismantled Korea Research Reactor 1&2 (the KRR-1&2) site was analyzed and proposed to be disposed of as a low level radioactive waste rather than self-disposed of. The graphite wastes, with a weight of seven tons, have been generated during the dismantling of a research reactor with a capacity of one MW from 1995 to 2006. The graphite was used as a moderator for the research reactor and so has been radioactivated by thermal neutron. It was thought that the graphite wastes mainly included a radioisotope of stable carbon, 14C, a pure beta emitter with a half life of 5,730 years and with a maximum decay energy of 156 keV. Therefore, it has been requested to see whether the dismantled graphite radioactive wastes including 14C can be self-disposed of or not. In the present study, the radioactivity of 14C in the graphite sample used in the research reactor was analyzed by using a commercialized high temperature furnace and a Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). The combustion temperature of the furnace was five hundred degrees centigrade and especially the temperature in the catalyst region was eight hundred degrees centigrade. The recovery from the furnace was 95% for 14C and the LSC had a quenching efficiency of approximately 66%. Carbosorb was used as a trapping solution for 14C. The radioactivity of 14C was measured by a LSC through the procedure of a pre-treatment such as the combustion of a sample in the temperature range of 500–800 degrees centigrade by a high temperature furnace, trapping of 14C into carbosorb and cocktailing it with a scintillator. The radioactivity was analyzed to have a concentration with a value of much more than a domestic legal limit for a self-disposal. And an individual effective dose rate estimation was also carried out. Finally, it is suggested that the graphite wastes from the dismantled research reactor should be disposed of at a low level radioactive waste disposal site and monitored.
10
Демидова, Т. Ю., К. Г. Лобанова e А. С. Кочина. "КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА, ГОСПИТАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ В ЦЕНТР СПАСЕНИЯ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ В 2019-2020 ГГ." In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-100.
Abstract (sommario):
Поражение нижних конечностей (НК) при сахарном диабете (СД) является частой причиной ампутации,
что приводит к значительному снижению качества жизни пациентов. Несмотря на широкий спектр совре-
менных методов лечения СД, прогрессивный рост количества ампутаций у данных пациентов является
актуальной проблемой.
ЦЕЛЬ: изучить клинико-лабораторные характеристики пациентов центра спасения конечностей (ЦСК)
с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2).
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: проведен ретроспективный анализ 729 историй болезни пациентов, имею-
щих СД2 и госпитализированных в ЦСК ГБУЗ ГКБ им. В.П. Демихова в период с 2019 по 2020 гг.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: всего в анализ вошло 729 пациентов. Медиана возраста – 66,0 лет [59,0; 73,0]. У 50,89%
(n=371) пациентов стаж СД2 более 10 лет. Средний ИМТ составил 31,82±0,43 (95% ДИ 30,96-32,67).
Наиболее частой сопутствующей патологией являлась артериальная гипертензия (АГ) – 89,57% (n=653).
У 63,24% (n=461) пациентов имелась ИБС, из них у 19,62% (n=143) был инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе.
У 16,87% (n=123) наблюдалось острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, у 44,31% (n=323) – хрони-
ческая болезнь почек (ХБП).
Медиана гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c) составляла 7,8% [6,7; 9,1]. Медиана гликемии –
9,9 [7,2; 13,8] ммоль/л.
На инсулинотерапии находились 75,99% (n=554) пациентов, из них 14,9% получали только инсулин
(n=83), а 85,01% (n=471) – базальный инсулин и пероральные сахароснижающие препараты (ПССП). Только
ПССП получали 14,95% (n=109) пациентов. 14,13% (n=103) получали метформин, 6,31% (n=46) – ингиби-
торы дипептидилпептидазы-4 (иДПП-4), 0,41% (n=3) – агонисты глюкагоноподобного пептида (аГПП-1),
3,70% (n=27) – ингибиторы натрий-глюкозного ко-транспортера (иНГЛТ-2), 16,46% (n=120) – препараты
сульфонилмочевины. Лечение статинами получали 38,59% пациентов (n=225). Среди имевших АГ терапия
ингибиторами ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы была назначена 79,46% (n=472) пациентам,
блокаторами кальциевых каналов – 20,55% (n=128).
При поступлении у 72,7% пациентов (n=530) был диагностирован СДС. У 27,2% (n=199) – облитериру-
ющий атеросклероз артерий НК, из них у 66% (n=133) – критическая ишемия НК. У 26% пациентов с СДС
(n=244) имела место гангрена, у 34,5% (n=183) – язва, у 23,9% (n=127) – флегмона, у 9,05% (n=48) – абсцесс,
остеомиелит встречался у 11,8 (n=63) пациентов данной группы.
В отделении 15,5% (n=113) пациентам провели реваскуляризацию, 14,4% (n=105) было проведено стен-
тирование, 1,1% (n=8) – шунтирование. Ампутация НК была выполнена 51% пациентов (n=372), из них 9,95%
(n=37) – высокая ампутация, 90,05% (n=335) – низкая ампутация. Среди пациентов с СДС только местное
лечение получили 33,5% (n=244), антибактериальную терапию получали 7,2% пациентов (n=53). Выписаны
с улучшением 98,5% (n=718) пациентов, летальность стала исходом госпитализации в 1,5% случаев (n=11).
ВЫВОДЫ: большинство пациентов ЦСК с СД2, госпитализированных в 2019-2020 г., были старше 60 лет
(68,86% (n=502)), имели ожирение (64,14% (n=127)), а также атеросклеротические сердечно-сосудистые за-
болевания (АГ – 89,57% (n=653), ИБС – 63,24% (n=461), ОНМК в анамнезе – 16,87% (=123)). У 50,89% (n=371)
пациентов стаж СД2 составлял более 10 лет, у 44,31% (n=323) имелась ХБП. Исходом 51% (n=372) госпита-
лизаций стала ампутация НК, что требует более тщательного подхода к профилактике и своевременной
диагностике поражения НК у пациентов с СД.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "550.151 95":
1
Desai, Jairaj, Jijo K. Mathew, Howell Li, Rahul Sakhare, Deborah Horton e Darcy M. Bullock. National Mobility Analysis for All Interstate Routes in the United States. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317585.
Abstract (sommario):
In November 2022, Wejo Data Services Inc. provided Purdue with a national data set comprised of approximately 470 billion connected vehicle records covering all 50 states for the month of August 2022. The goal of the evaluation data set was to create a series of summary graphics to evaluate the scalability of work zone analytics graphics and electric/hybrid vehicle counts at a national level. This report illustrates several performance measures developed using this dataset for all interstate routes, both state wise and cross-country. State wise graphics are organized with 50 subdirectories containing graphics for each interstate in the 50 states. There are also a series of multi-state graphics for I-5, I-10, I-15, I-35, I-55, I-65, I-75, I-80, I-90, and I-95. Performance measures include absolute and normalized trip counts classified by type of trip (electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle or internal combustion engine vehicle), weekly heatmaps based on vehicle speed overlaid with hard-braking events and finally, speed profiles by interstate mile markers. Additional details on the directories and how to interpret these performance measures can found inside the document (after extracting the .zip file) titled “National_Mobility_Analysis_README.pdf”.
2
Savosko, V., I. Komarova, Yu Lykholat, E. Yevtushenko e T. Lykholat. Predictive model of heavy metals inputs to soil at Kryvyi Rih District and its use in the training for specialists in the field of Biology. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4511.
Abstract (sommario):
The importance of our research is due to the need to introduce into modern biological education methods of predictive modeling which are based on relevant factual material. Such an actual material may be the entry of natural and anthropic heavy metals into the soil at industrial areas. The object of this work: (i) to work out a predictive model of the total heavy metals inputs to soil at the Kryvyi Rih ore-mining & metallurgical District and (ii) to identify ways to use this model in biological education. Our study areas are located in the Kryvyi Rih District (Dnipropetrovsk region, Central Ukraine). In this work, classical scientific methods (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and formalization, abstraction and concretization, classification and modelling) were used. By summary the own research results and available scientific publications, the heavy metals total inputs to soils at Kryvyi Rih District was predicted. It is suggested that the current heavy metals content in soils of this region due to 1) natural and 2) anthropogenic flows, which are segmented into global and local levels. Predictive calculations show that heavy metals inputs to the soil of this region have the following values (mg ⋅ m2/year): Fe – 800-80 000, Mn – 125-520, Zn – 75-360, Ni – 20-30, Cu – 15-50, Pb – 7.5-120, Cd – 0.30-0.70. It is established that anthropogenic flows predominate in Fe and Pb inputs (60-99 %), natural flows predominate in Ni and Cd inputs (55-95 %). While, for Mn, Zn, and Cu inputs the alternate dominance of natural and anthropogenic flows are characterized. It is shown that the predictive model development for heavy metals inputs to soils of the industrial region can be used for efficient biological education (for example in bachelors of biologists training, discipline "Computer modelling in biology").
3
Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Ірина Олександрівна Комарова, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Едуард Олексійович Євтушенко, e Тетяна Юріївна Лихолат. Predictive Model of Heavy Metals Inputs to Soil at Kryvyi Rih District and its Use in the Training for Specialists in the Field of Biology. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4266.
Abstract (sommario):
The importance of our research is due to the need to introduce into modern biological education methods of predictive modeling which are based on relevant factual material. Such an actual material may be the entry of natural and anthropic heavy metals into the soil at industrial areas. The object of this work: (i) to work out a predictive model of the total heavy metals inputs to soil at the Kryvyi Rih ore-mining & metallurgical District and (ii) to identify ways to use this model in biological education. Our study areas are located in the Kryvyi Rih District (Dnipropetrovsk region, Central Ukraine). In this work, classical scientific methods (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and formalization, abstraction and concretization, classification and modelling) were used. By summary the own research results and available scientific publications, the heavy metals total inputs to soils at Kryvyi Rih District was predicted. It is suggested that the current heavy metals content in soils of this region due to 1) natural and 2) anthropogenic flows, which are segmented into global and local levels. Predictive calculations show that heavy metals inputs to the soil of this region have the following values ( mg ∙ m ଶ year ⁄ ): Fe – 800-80 000, Mn – 125-520, Zn – 75-360, Ni – 20-30, Cu – 15-50, Pb – 7.5-120, Cd – 0.30-0.70. It is established that anthropogenic flows predominate in Fe and Pb inputs (60-99 %), natural flows predominate in Ni and Cd inputs (55-95 %). While, for Mn, Zn, and Cu inputs the alternate dominance of natural and anthropogenic flows are characterized. It is shown that the predictive model development for heavy metals inputs to soils of the industrial region can be used for efficient biological education (for example in bachelors of biologists training, discipline “Computer modelling in biology”).
4
McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara e Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
5
Desai, Jairaj, Jijo K. Mathew, Howell Li, Rahul Suryakant Sakhare, Deborah Horton e Darcy M. Bullock. National Mobility Report for All Interstates–December 2022. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317591.
Abstract (sommario):
In January 2023, Wejo Data Services Inc. provided Purdue with a national data set comprised of approximately 503 billion connected vehicle records covering all 50 states for the month of December 2022. The goal of the evaluation data set was to create a series of summary graphics to evaluate the scalability of work zone/winter weather analytics graphics and electric/hybrid vehicle counts at a national level as well as visualize the mobility impacts of winter weather activity on the national interstate network. This report illustrates several performance measures developed using this dataset for all interstate routes, both state wise and cross-country. Statewide graphics are presented for each interstate in the 50 states. There are also a series of multi-state graphics for I-5, I-10, I-15, I-35, I-55, I-65, I-75, I-80, I-90, and I-95 and selected other routes that witnessed winter storm impacts. Performance measures include absolute and normalized trip counts classified by type of trip (electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle or internal combustion engine vehicle), weekly heatmaps based on vehicle speed (for the two-week period from December 12-25, 2022) and finally, speed profiles by interstate mile markers. Traffic tickers depicting miles of congestion as well as mile-hours of congestion for the national interstate network and selected multi-state routes are also included to provide a unified visual of nationwide mobility impact of recurring congestion as well as non-recurring congestion caused by winter weather. The generated performance measures can be found in the supplemental files.
6
Ramos-Rojas, José, Francisco Novillo, Daniel Nava, Camila Avila, Ana Rojas, Francisca Verdugo-Paiva, Gabriel Rada e Valentina Veloso. In patients with acute COVID-19, should remdesivir be used compared to placebo? Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, luglio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.sr1000.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim was to assess the efficacy of remdesivir in people with acute covid-19 compared with placebo. Eligible studies were randomised trials evaluating the effect of remdesivir versus placebo. We conducted searches in COVID-19 L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform, a system that performs regular searches in databases, trial registries, preprint servers and websites relevant to COVID-19. All the searches covered the period until 06/23/2023. No date or language restrictions were applied. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data on study characteristics, methods, outcomes, and risk of bias, using a predesigned, standardised form. We performed meta-analyses using random-effect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach. Results: our search strategy yielded 132 references. 10 randomized controlled trials reported in 15 references met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The relative risk of mortality was 0.92 (95% CI 0.83 - 1.01). This means remdesivir reduced the risk of mortality in 8%, compared with placebo. In the studies identified in this review 762 people not receiving remdesivir out of 5340 presented the outcome Mortality (143 per 1000) versus 734 out of 5477 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -12 per 1000 (from -24 to 1). In other words, -12 per 1000 (from -24 to 1) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as low. The estimated absolute effect, -12 per 1000 (from -24 to 1), falls in the range of an effect of small magnitude. The relative risk of mechanical ventilation requirement was 0.71 (95% CI 0.41 - 1.24). This means placebo reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation requirement in 29%, compared with . In the studies identified in this review 189 people not receiving placebo out of 989 presented the outcome Mechanical ventilation requirement (191 per 1000) versus 182 out of 1195 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -55 per 1000 (from -113 to 46). In other words, -55 per 1000 (from -113 to 46) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as very low. The estimated absolute effect, -55 per 1000 (from -113 to 46), falls in the range of an effect of moderate magnitude. The relative risk of serious adverse events was 0.74 (95% CI 0.57 - 0.95). This means reduced the risk of serious adverse events in 26%, compared with . In the studies identified in this review 265 people not receiving out of 1238 presented the outcome Serious adverse events (214 per 1000) versus 256 out of 1401 in the group that did receive it, with a risk difference of -56 per 1000 (from -91 to -10). In other words, -56 per 1000 (from -91 to -10) people did not develop the outcome because of the intervention. We assessed the certainty of the evidence for this outcome as moderate. The estimated absolute effect, -56 per 1000 (from -91 to -10), falls in the range of an effect of moderate magnitude. Conclusions: Remdesivir may result in a slight reduction in Mortality. Remdesivir may reduce the Mechanical ventilation requirement but the evidence is very uncertain. Remdesivir probably results in a reduction in Serious adverse events.
7
E, Flemyng, e Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9656.v3.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4
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E, Flemyng, e Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9699.v2.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4
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E, Flemyng, e Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Update. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9639.v2.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4
10
E, Flemyng, e Mitchell D. Increased versus stable doses of inhaled steroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children: Protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.b984bf9656.v2.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Rationale Early treatment of asthma exacerbations with inhaled corticosteroids is the best strategy for management, although use of an increased or stable dose is questioned. Objectives To compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a patient-initiated action plan for the home management of exacerbations in children and adults with persistent asthma. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (part of CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, major trials registries and handsearched abstracts up to 20 December 2021. Eligibility criteria Parallel and cross-over blinded randomised controlled trials (RCTs) Outcomes Treatment failure (the need for rescue oral steroids) in the randomised population and in the subset who initiated the study inhaler, unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits, serious and non-serious adverse events, and duration of exacerbation. Risk of bias We used Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2)and the tool's extension for cross-over trials. Synthesis methods We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all but one outcome, which used random-effects models due to heterogeneity (treatment failure in the subset who initiated the study inhaler). We summarised certainty of evidence according to GRADE methods. Included studies We included nine RCTs (seven parallel and two cross‐over) with a total of 1923 participants. The studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australasia and were published between 1998 and 2018. Five studies evaluated adult populations (1247 participants; ≥ 15 years), and four studies evaluated child or adolescent populations (676 participants; < 15 years). Approximately 50% of randomised participants initiated the study inhaler (range 23% to 100%). The studies reported treatment failure in various ways, so we made assumptions to allow us to combine data. Synthesis of results People randomised to increase their inhaled corticosteroids dose at the first signs of an exacerbation probably had similar odds of needing rescue oral corticosteroids to those randomised to a placebo inhaler (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25; 8 studies, 1774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Results for the same outcome in the subset of participants who initiated the study inhaler (approximately 50%) gives a different point estimate with very low certainty due to heterogeneity, imprecision and risk of bias (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.30; 7 studies, 766 participants; random-effects model used). For adverse effects, imprecision and risk of bias from missing data, outcome measurement and reporting meant we were very uncertain about the effect estimate (serious adverse events OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.71; 2 studies, 394 participants; non-serious adverse events OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.68 to 6.73; 2 studies, 142 participants). We had very low confidence in the effect estimates for unscheduled physician visits, unscheduled acute care, emergency department or hospital visits and duration of exacerbation due to risk of bias. Authors' conclusions Evidence suggests that adults and children with mild to moderate asthma are unlikely to have an important reduction in the need for oral steroids from increasing a patient's inhaled corticosteroid dose at the first sign of an exacerbation. Other clinically important benefits and potential harms cannot be ruled out due to wide confidence intervals, risk of bias in the studies, and assumptions made for synthesis when combining data. Included studies reflect evolving clinical practice and study methods, and the data do not support thorough investigation of effect modifiers such as baseline dose, fold increase, asthma severity and timing. The review does not include recent evidence from pragmatic, unblinded studies showing benefits of larger dose increases in those with poorly controlled asthma. Differences between the blinded and unblinded studies should be investigated. Funding This Cochrane Review had no dedicated funding. Registration Protocol (2009): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524 Original review (2010): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub3 Review update (2014): doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007524.pub4