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Warburton, M. J., S. A. Ferns, R. Kimbell e P. Monaghan. "Dissociation of basement membrane protein deposition and cell spreading in virally transformed rat mammary myoepithelial cells". Journal of Cell Science 86, n. 1 (1 dicembre 1986): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.86.1.119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A myoepithelial-like cell line (Rama 401), isolated from rat mammary gland, has been transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (tsRSV). Rama 401-tsRSV cells adopt a spindle morphology and fail to deposit basement membrane proteins when grown at the permissive temperature (35 degrees C). When switched to the non-permissive temperature (41 degrees C), the cells flatten (with a 5-fold increase in area), and deposit an extracellular matrix containing basement membrane proteins. When the cells are switched from 35 degrees C to 41 degrees C in the presence of monensin (an ionophore that inhibits protein secretion), basement membrane proteins are no longer deposited extracellularly although the cells flatten, their area increasing by ninefold. Cells switched from 35 degrees C to 41 degrees C in the presence of cycloheximide still flatten and deposit basement membrane proteins, whereas the morphological change on switching from 41 degrees C to 35 degrees C is inhibited by cycloheximide. These experiments indicate that the ability of Rama 401-tsRSV cells to spread on a plastic substratum is not dependent on the de novo synthesis and deposition of basement membrane proteins.
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Prest, John. "Ian Newbould. Whiggery and Reform, 1830–41. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. 1990. Pp. x, 401. $45.00." Albion 24, n. 1 (1992): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051272.
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FLEEMAN, J. D. "Reviews". Notes and Queries 41, n. 3 (1 settembre 1994): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/41-3-401.
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Chirico, Robert D., e William V. Steele. "Corrigendum to ‘‘Thermodynamic properties of tert-butylbenzene and 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 41 (2009) 392–401]”". Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 41, n. 10 (ottobre 2009): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2009.03.013.
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Majeski, James. "Significance of Preoperative Ultrasound Measurement of Gallbladder Wall Thickness". American Surgeon 73, n. 9 (settembre 2007): 926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480707300922.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Evaluation of patients with signs and symptoms of biliary tract disease usually includes ultrasound assessment of the gallbladder. Does measurement of the thickness of the gallbladder wall yield any significant information to the clinical surgeon? The records of all my patients undergoing cholecystectomy since 1990 were reviewed. The entire series consists of 401 consecutive patients, in whom 388 procedures were completed laparoscopically, with 14 patients requiring conversion to an open cholecystectomy. Each patient's preoperative evaluation included a gallbladder ultrasound, which included measurement of the diameter of the gallbladder wall. The entire series of cholecystectomies was evaluated according to the ultrasound measured diameter of the gallbladder wall. A thin gallbladder wall was less than 3 mm in diameter. A thick gallbladder wall was 3 mm or greater in diameter. Of the 401 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder disease, 86 (21.5%) were removed laparoscopically for acalculous disease. Eleven per cent of patients with acalculous cholecystitis had acute cholecystitis and 89 per cent had chronic cholecystitis. Every patient with either a thin or thick gallbladder wall with acalculous cholecystitis had a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Three-hundred fifteen patients had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for calculous cholecystitis. In patients with calculous cholecystitis, 28.3 per cent had acute cholecystitis and 71.7 per cent had chronic cholecystitis. The gallbladder wall was found to be greater than 3 mm in 38 per cent of patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and greater than 3 mm in 41 per cent of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. One-hundred, forty-two patients, out of a series total of 401, had a gallbladder wall thickness greater than 3 mm by preoperative sonography and 14 of these patients (10%) required conversion to an open cholecystectomy. A preoperative gallbladder ultrasound evaluation for symptomatic cholecystitis, which documents a thick gallbladder wall (≥3 mm) with calculi, is a clinical warning for the laparoscopic surgeon of the potential for a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure which may require conversion to an open cholecystectomy procedure.
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Renting, D. S. A. "The Early Descendants of Avranches 238 (A) of Cicero’s De oratore 1)". Mnemosyne 64, n. 4 (2011): 556–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852511x547703.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to determine how the following manuscripts of Cicero’s De oratore relate to each other: Avranches 238 (A), Erlangen 380 (E), Leiden, Voss. Lat. O. 26 (F) and Vatican, Reg. lat. 1762 (K; a florilegium). In the first section it is shown, on the basis of conjunctive and separative errors, that E and F must have had a common exemplar (α). Next, I argue that E and F (and hence also α) are derived from A (Section 2). In Section 3 I turn to K and argue that K’s excerpts must have been taken from two different exemplars: §§ 429-41 from α, §§ 401-28 from some related manuscript, probably A itself. Section 4 is devoted to a few questions of secondary importance. Finally, I give a stemma.
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Akinseye, Omolabake, Constantin R. Popescu, Msandeni Chiume-Kayuni, Michael A. Irvine, Norman Lufesi, Tisungane Mvalo, Niranjan Kissoon, Matthew O. Wiens e Pascal M. Lavoie. "World Health Organization Danger Signs to predict bacterial sepsis in young infants: A pragmatic cohort study". PLOS Global Public Health 3, n. 11 (21 novembre 2023): e0001990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001990.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bacterial sepsis is generally a major concern in ill infants. To help triaging decisions by front-line health workers in these situations, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed danger signs (DS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which nine DS predict bacterial sepsis in young infants presenting with suspected sepsis in a low-income country setting. The study pragmatically evaluated nine DS in infants younger than 3 months with suspected sepsis in a regional hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, between June 2018 and April 2020. Main outcomes were positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures for neonatal pathogens, and mortality. Among 401 infants (gestational age [mean ± SD]: 37.1±3.3 weeks, birth weight 2865±785 grams), 41 had positive blood or CSF cultures for a neonatal pathogen. In-hospital mortality occurred in 9.7% of infants overall (N = 39/401), of which 61.5% (24/39) occurred within 48 hours of admission. Mortality was higher in infants with bacterial sepsis compared to other infants (22.0% [9/41] versus 8.3% [30/360]; p = 0.005). All DS were associated with mortality except for temperature instability and tachypnea, whereas none of the DS were significantly associated with bacterial sepsis, except for “unable to feed” (OR 2.25; 95%CI: 1.17–4.44; p = 0.017). The number of DS predicted mortality (OR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.43–2.17; p<0.001; AUC: 0.756), but was marginally associated with positive cultures with a neonatal pathogen (OR 1.22; 95%CI: 1.00–1.49; p = 0.046; AUC: 0.743). The association between number of DS and mortality remained significant after adjusting for admission weight, the only statistically significant co-variable (OR 1.75 [95% CI: 1.39–2.23]; p<0.001). Considering all positive cultures including potential bacterial contaminants resulted a non-significant association between number of DS and sepsis (OR 1.09 [95% CI: 0.93–1.28]; p = 0.273). In conclusion, this study shows that DS were strongly associated with death, but were marginally associated with culture-positive pathogen sepsis in a regional hospital setting. These data imply that the incidence of bacterial sepsis and attributable mortality in infants in LMIC settings may be inaccurately estimated based on clinical signs alone.
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Neuzil, C. E. "Comment on "A Creative Solution to the NIMBY Problem" Editorial by Jay Lehr and Herbert Inhaber, Ground Water 41, no. 4: 401." Ground Water 41, n. 6 (novembre 2003): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02411.x.
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หลวงนรินทร์, ศิรินาถ, เสาวรส คงชีพ e ฉันท์ชนก วันดี. "ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับความเครียดของบุคลากรทางการพยาบาลที่หน่วยฉุกเฉินในสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19 โรงพยาบาลมหาวิทยาลัยแห่งหนึ่งในกรุงเทพมหานคร". Journal of Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council 39, n. 01 (26 marzo 2024): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.60099/jtnmc.v39i01.266648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
บทนำ จากสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19 ที่ผ่านมา ทำให้เกิดข้อจำกัดในการให้บริการทางสุขภาพของบุคลากรทางการพยาบาลเป็นอย่างมาก โดยเฉพาะในการให้บริการผู้ป่วยที่ห้องฉุกเฉิน ซึ่งเป็นหน่วยงานที่ต้องรับผู้ป่วยเพื่อการรักษาที่เร่งด่วนและเป็นด่านหน้าของโรงพยาบาลในการให้บริการ จึงส่งผลให้เกิดความเครียดในงานได้ง่าย นอกจากนี้ปัจจัยอื่น ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องยังอาจร่วมกันส่งผลกระทบต่อระดับความเครียดที่เพิ่มมากขึ้น มีผลต่อสุขภาพของผู้ปฏิบัติงานตลอดจนคุณภาพการให้บริการผู้ป่วย วัตถุประสงค์การวิจัย เพื่อศึกษาระดับความเครียดและปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับความเครียดของบุคลากร ทางการพยาบาลที่ห้องฉุกเฉินในสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19 การออกแบบวิจัย การวิจัยแบบพรรณนาเชิงวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ วิธีการดำเนินการวิจัย การศึกษาครั้งนี้ศึกษาในประชากรพยาบาลวิชาชีพและผู้ช่วยพยาบาลที่ปฏิบัติงาน ที่ห้องฉุกเฉินโรงพยาบาลมหาวิทยาลัยแห่งหนึ่งในกรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 118 ราย เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลในระหว่าง เดือนธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2565 ถึง กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2566 โดยการตอบแบบสอบถามด้วยตนเอง ประกอบด้วย 1) แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล 2) แบบสอบถามปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความเครียดที่สร้างขึ้นโดยผู้วิจัยจากการทบทวนวรรณกรรมและ 3) แบบประเมินความเครียดของกรมสุขภาพจิต ผ่านการตรวจสอบจากผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ 3 ท่าน ได้ค่าดัชนีความตรงเชิงเนื้อหาเท่ากับ 1 และตรวจสอบความเชื่อมั่นในผู้ที่มีลักษณะคล้ายกลุ่มตัวอย่าง จำนวน 30 ราย ได้ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์แอลฟาของครอนบาค .93 และ .96 ตามลำดับ วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนาและสหสัมพันธ์สเปียร์แมน ผลการวิจัย บุคลากรทางการพยาบาลที่ห้องฉุกเฉินจำนวน 118 ราย ส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพศหญิง (ร้อยละ 90.7) อายุเฉลี่ย 30.34 ปี (SD = 7.03) ตำแหน่งงานพยาบาล (ร้อยละ 58.5) สถานภาพโสด (ร้อยละ 79.7) ค่ามัธยฐาน ของประสบการณ์การทำงานที่แผนกฉุกเฉิน 5.5 ปี ค่ามัธยฐานของรายได้ต่อเดือน 30,000 บาท ประมาณครึ่งหนึ่ง มีรายได้ไม่เพียงพอ (ร้อยละ 50.8) มีชั่วโมงการทำงานต่อสัปดาห์อยู่ในช่วง 41-49 ชั่วโมง (ร้อยละ 71.2) และ ทุกคนได้รับวัคซีนป้องกันโควิด-19 แล้วอย่างน้อย 1 เข็ม ค่าเฉลี่ยความเครียดของบุคลากรทางการพยาบาลที่ห้องฉุกเฉินอยู่ในระดับความเครียดรุนแรง ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์ทางบวกกับความเครียด ได้แก่ การเปลี่ยนแปลง สถานการณ์การทำงานและระบบงาน (r=.533, p<.001) ความกลัวการติดเชื้อหรือการแพร่กระจายเชื้อ (r=.408, p<.001) ปัญหาเศรษฐกิจจากรายได้ที่ลดลง (r=.431, p<.001) การเปลี่ยนแปลงสิ่งแวดล้อมในที่ทำงาน (r=.401, p<.001) ความบีบคั้นทางจริยธรรมในการดูแลผู้ป่วยโควิด-19 (r=.595, p<.001) การเปลี่ยนแปลงชีวิตวิถีใหม่ (r=.527, p<.001) และการสื่อสารและการประสานงาน (r=.587, p<.001) ข้อเสนอแนะ ผลการศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถใช้เป็นข้อมูลให้กับผู้บริหารในการพัฒนาแนวทางในการบริหารจัดการความเครียดที่เกิดขึ้นเพื่อช่วยบุคลากรทางการพยาบาลในห้องฉุกเฉินสามารถปฏิบัติงานท่ามกลางสถานการณ์การระบาดของโควิด-19
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Chankin, A. V., e P. C. Stangeby. "Comments on `Toroidicity in the tokamak SOL: effects on poloidal asymmetries, radial current and L-H transition', by A V Chankin and P C Stangeby, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 38 (1996) 1879-1903". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 41, n. 8 (1 agosto 1999): 1049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/8/401.
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Tomaszewski, Pawel E. "Comment on `X-ray structural characterization, Raman and thermal analysis of LiNH4SO4above room temperature'". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 12, n. 41 (26 settembre 2000): 8933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/41/401.
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Liu, Ya-Ya, Rui-Lin Qin, Jin-Jin Mei, Yang Zou, Zhen-Huan Zhang, Wen-Bin Zheng, Qing Liu, Xing-Quan Zhu, Wen-Wei Gao e Shi-Chen Xie. "Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Beef Cattle in Shanxi Province, North China". Animals 12, n. 21 (27 ottobre 2022): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an intracellular pathogen that can parasitize humans and a variety of animals. The infection of E. bieneusi in most hosts is asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised individuals, it can lead to serious complications such as acute diarrhea, dehydration, and even death. However, no data on the prevalence and genotyping of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Shanxi province are currently available. In this study, a total of 401 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in farms from two representative counties—Qi county and Jishan county—in Shanxi province, north China. Nested PCR was applied to determine the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi by amplifying and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene. A total of 90 out of 401 samples were detected as E. bieneusi-positive, with 22.44% overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Shanxi province. The highest prevalence of E. bieneusi was detected in calves (28.67%, 41/143) and male beef cattle (28.13%, 54/192). Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly associated with gender and age factors (p < 0.05), but without any statistical difference among regions. Moreover, six known E. bieneusi genotypes (BEB4, BEB6, BEB8, J, I, and PigSpEb2) and two novel genotypes (designated CSC1 and CSC2) were identified by analysis of ITS sequences, and genotype I was the predominant genotype in these two counties. Phylogenetic analysis showed that five known genotypes and two novel genotypes were clustered into Group 2, but PigSpEb2 belonged to Group 1. To our knowledge, the present study demonstrated the presence and identified genotypes of E. bieneusi in beef cattle in Shanxi province for the first time, extending the data on prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in beef cattle and providing baseline data for executing intervention measures to control it in the study regions.
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Afzal, Fariha, Muhammad Imran Khan e Zenab. "Role of Coronary Calcium Score as a Screening Tool for Excluding Significant Coronary Artery Disease in High Risk Asymptomatic Patients". Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 9, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2022): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.9-1.158.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVES: To determine correlation of zero coronary artery calcium score (CACS) with non-significant coronary artery stenosis by using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). METHODOLOGY: 62 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent CACS test and CTCA from April 2018 to November 2020. Patients were examined with 160 slice multidetector CT and grouped according to their age, gender, CACS, and maximum coronary luminal stenosis. CACS was assessed using Agatston scoring and degree of stenosis was assessed by automatic software and severity was scored according to CAD-RADS. The correlation between these two main variables was calculated using Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS: The 62 patients were divided into four groups according to CACS, using the Agatston Unit (AU). Group 1; 0 AU (41 patients, 66.13%), Group 2; 1-100 AU (13 patients, 20.97%) Group 3; 101-400 AU (4 patients, 6.45%), Group 4; 401-1000 AU (4 patients, 6.45%). In 41 patients with zero calcium score (32 males and 9 females), 38 patients (92.68%) were found to have no coronary artery stenosis, 2 patients (4.87%) had mild coronary artery stenosis and 1 patient (2.43%) had moderate coronary artery stenosis. Total 35 patients presented for screening purpose out of which 25 (71%) had zero calcium score and no significant coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: In high risk patients, zero calcium score excludes significant coronary artery stenosis (50%), hence coronary calcium score is a good screening tool before subjecting patients to coronary angiography.
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Turbiner, A. V., e J. C. Lopez Vieyra. "On 1/Z expansion, the critical charge for a two-electron system, and the Kato theorem". Canadian Journal of Physics 94, n. 3 (marzo 2016): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0366.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 1/Z expansion for the ground state energy of the Coulomb system of an infinitely massive center of charge Z and two electrons (two-electron ionic sequence) is studied. A critical analysis of the 1/Z coefficients presented in Baker et al. (Phys. Rev. A, 41, 1247 (1990)) is performed and its numerical deficiency is indicated, leading, in particular, to unreliable decimal digits beyond digits 11–12 of the first coefficients. We made a consistency check of the 1/Z-expansion with accurate energies for Z = 1–10: the weighted partial sums of the 1/Z expansion with Baker et al. coefficients reproduce systematically the ground state energies of two-electron ions with Z ≥ 2 up to 12 decimal digits and for Z = 1 up to 10 decimal digits calculated by Nakashima and Nakatsuji (J. Chem. Phys. 127, 224104 (2007)) with unprecedented accuracy. This rules out the presence of non-analytic terms at Z = ∞ contributing to the first 10–12 decimal digits in the ground state energy; it agrees with the Kato theorem about convergence of the 1/Z expansion within that accuracy. The ground state energy of two-electron ions Z = 11 (Na9+) and Z = 12 (Mg10+) is calculated with 12 decimal digits. This study can be considered as the independent confirmation of the correctness of 10 decimal digits in all 401 coefficients of 1/Z-expansion printed in Baker et al. (Phys. Rev. A, 41, 1247 (1990)).
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Chekhova, R. V., V. M. Pyshniy, L. A. Pyankova e V. A. Elokhin. "SEPARATION OF DIFFRACTION SPECTRA BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT METHOD BY THE EXAMPLE OF ARIFON DRUG". Russian Technological Journal 7, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-1-102-112.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with the results of experimental studies on statistical processing of diffraction spectra of solid drugs for the purpose of their separation and identification. Diffractograms of the original and falsified drugs Arifon were used for the study. They were obtained on a desktop diffractometer Difray 401 produced by Scientific Instruments Inc. (Saint Petersburg, Russia). The research was conducted in the Scilab environment distributed under a free license. The captured diffraction spectra were processed using a smoothing procedure that eliminated the influence of a random component in the original data. Analysis of the results of smoothing by the moving average method showed that the smoothing algorithm with the window 41 point is most preferable. The results of statistical processing of diffractograms of the drugs investigated by the principal component analysis (PCA) in graphical and numerical form, which showed good convergence and efficiency of this method in the separation of diffraction spectra, are presented. The conducted studies make it possible to create a technique that allows identifying solid drugs by X-ray diffraction.
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Rosenberg, Dori E., Gregory J. Norman, Nicole Wagner, Kevin Patrick, Karen J. Calfas e James F. Sallis. "Reliability and Validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for Adults". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, n. 6 (novembre 2010): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.6.697.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background:Sedentary behavior is related to obesity, but measures of sedentary behaviors are lacking for adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) among overweight adults.Methods:Participants were 49 adults for the 2 week test-retest reliability study (67% female, 53% white, mean age = 20) and 401 overweight women (mean age = 41, 61% white) and 441 overweight men (mean age = 44, 81% white) for the validity study. The SBQ consisted of reports of time spent in 9 sedentary behaviors. Outcomes for validity included accelerometer measured inactivity, sitting time (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and BMI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed reliability and partial correlations assessed validity.Results:ICCs were acceptable for all items and the total scale (range = .51–.93). For men, there were significant relationships of SBQ items with IPAQ sitting time and BMI. For women, there were relationships between the SBQ and accelerometer inactivity minutes, IPAQ sitting time, and BMI.Conclusions:The SBQ has acceptable measurement properties for use among overweight adults. Specific measures of sedentary behavior should be included in studies and population surveillance.
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Lasho, Terra, Christy Finke, Teresa K. Kimlinger, Darci Zblewski, Dong Chen, Mrinal M. Patnaik, Curtis A. Hanson, Christopher Brooks, Ayalew Tefferi e Animesh Pardanani. "Expression of CD123 (IL-3R-alpha), a Therapeutic Target of SL-401, on Myeloproliferative Neoplasms". Blood 124, n. 21 (6 dicembre 2014): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5577.5577.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: CD123 (alpha chain of the interleukin-3 receptor [IL-3RA]) heterodimerizes with CD131 (βc, common beta chain) to constitute the high-affinity receptor for IL-3. CD123 is not expressed on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from normal bone marrow (BM). In contrast, CD123 is highly expressed in CD34+/CD38- cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, which recapitulate the leukemic phenotype in NOD/SCID mice; CD123, therefore, is a marker for leukemic stem cells in AML (Jordan CT et al., Leukemia 2000). CD123 is also highly expressed on CD4+/56+ leukemic cells in patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), an aggressive hematodermic neoplasm. The validity of CD123 as a rational therapeutic target was illustrated by clinical efficacy data for SL-401, a biologic target therapy directed to IL-3R, in patients with BPDCN and AML, respectively (Frankel AE et al., Blood 2014 andFrankel AE et al., J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 7029)). Objectives: To study CD123 expression as a potential therapeutic target in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Methods: The study was approved by our institutional review board and patients provided written consent for sample collection. MPN diagnosis was based on WHO 2008 criteria. Surface antigen expression on hematopoietic cells of various lineages was interrogated using the 4-color multiparametric flow cytometer, FACSCaliber TM (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Data analysis was performed using CellQuest Pro Software (BD Biosciences). Results: We studied a total of 21 MPN patients and 3 normal controls. Of the former, 14 patients had systemic mastocytosis (SM) (indolent SM=9, SM with associated myeloid neoplasm=4 and aggressive SM=1), 6 had primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and 1 had eosinophilic leukemia transformed to AML. Normal controls: Three normal BM samples were studied; the number of CD123 positive cells in the total population was <1%. Rare CD34+/CD38- cells were uniformly CD123-. Of the CD123+ cells, only a minor subset (<10%) coexpressed myeloid/granulocyte lineage (CD13+, CD15+ or CD16+) or monocyte/macrophage lineage (CD14+ or CD11b+) markers. Systemic mastocytosis: The data were informative for 6 patients (3 with peripheral blood [PB], 1 with BM, and 2 with paired PB and BM samples) for whom a sufficient number of mast cells (MC) were identified for immunophenotyping. Neoplastic MC were defined as CD117 hi/SSC hi/CD45 hi/CD34-/CD25+/FcεRI+. CD123 expression was seen in the majority of MC for 4 patients (#1-4, CD123 percentage positive, PB/BM): 91%/n.a. (#1), 75%/81% (#2), 84%/n.a. (#3), and 88%/n.a. (#4). In contrast, one patient (#5) had a minority of CD123+ MC (33%/28%). Clonal eosinophilia: PB was studied; the WBC differential count showed 41% leukemic blasts and 57% eosinophils (both confirmed to be clonally related based on FISH studies). Both cell populations were predominantly CD123+ (≥90%). Primary myelofibrosis: We studied PB samples from 6 PMF patients. Approximately 1-2% of circulating cells marked as CD123+; of these, expression was notable on CD34-/CD38+ cells (median 54%; range 41-74% positive). We found a larger proportion (30-50%) of CD123+ cells that coexpressed CD13+, CD16+ or CD11b+ representing monocytes, immature myeloid cells and granulocytes, as compared to normal BM controls. Studies on BM samples from PMF patients are ongoing. Conclusions: CD123 (IL-3RA) is expressed on relevant primary cells of interest in select MPNs, namely neoplastic mast cells in SM patients and eosinophils in clonal eosinophilia patients. In PMF, a minor population of circulating cells was CD123+ with a biased distribution on myeloid lineage cells as compared to normal BM samples. We are currently studying CD123 expression in additional MPN patients, and also analyzing CD123 expression on BM trephine biopsies by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the cytotoxicity assessment of SL-401 against MPN cell lines and primary cells is ongoing. Overall, the aforementioned data support the clinical development of SL-401 in patients with MPNs and clinical trials are currently being planned. Disclosures Brooks: Stemline Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Pardanani:Stemline Therapeutics Inc.: Research Funding.
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Garcia Salirrosas, Elizabeth. "Actitud de compra en redes sociales de la generación Z de Lima Sur". desafios 11, n. 2 (23 ottobre 2020): 208e. http://dx.doi.org/10.37711/desafios.2020.11.2.208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objetivo. Conocer la actitud de compra mediante las redes sociales de la generación Z. Método. Bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, una muestra de 401 jóvenes del sur de Lima, respondió a una encuesta sobre el uso que hacen de las redes sociales y su actitud de compra por intermedio de ellas, para ello se aplicó un análisis estadístico de las medidas de tendencia central como la media, la mediana y la moda. Resultados. El análisis de los datos posiciona a WhatsApp como la aplicación que lidera en uso con un 41% seguido de Facebook con un 28%. El 80% de esta generación ingresa a sus redes sociales mediante el uso de un teléfono móvil o smartphone, solo el 11,7% utiliza una laptop. El 30,2% permanece en las redes sociales de 2 a 4 horas y el 26% de 6 a 8 horas. Sin embargo, el 51,1% de la generación Z se ve ocasionalmente influenciada por esta red social a la hora de realizar sus compras. Conclusión. La generación Z es el sector donde hay un uso masivo de las redes sociales, sin embargo, estas redes no influyen significativamente en su comportamiento de compra.
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do Carmo, Everton C., Renato Barroso, Andrew Renfree, Natalia R. da Silva, Saulo Gil e Valmor Tricoli. "Affective Feelings and Perceived Exertion During a 10-km Time Trial and Head-to-Head Running Race". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, n. 6 (1 luglio 2020): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0586.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: To verify the affective feelings (AFs) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during a 10-km competitive head-to-head (HTH) running race and compare them with a time-trial (TT) running race. Methods: Fourteen male runners completed 2 × 10-km runs (TT and HTH) on different days. Speed, RPE, and AF were measured every 400 m. For pacing analysis, races were divided into the following 4 stages: first 400 m (F400), 401–5000 m (M1), 5001–9600 m (M2), and the last 400 m (final sprint). Results: Improvement of performance was observed (39:32 [02:41] min:s vs 40:28 [02:55] min:s; P = .03; effect size = −0.32) in HTH compared with TT. There were no differences in either pacing strategy or RPE between conditions. AFs were higher during the HTH, being different in M2 compared with TT (2.09 [1.81] vs 0.22 [2.25]; P = .02; effect size = 0.84). Conclusions: AFs are directly influenced by the presence of opponents during an HTH race, and a more positive AF could be involved in the dissociation between RPE and running speed and, consequently, the overall race performance.
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Nakamura, Tsuyoshi. "Selected Papers from SCIS & ISIS 2008 – No.1". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, n. 3 (20 maggio 2009): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0171.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Welcome to this special issue of the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics (JACIII). I am pleased to introduce 41 selected papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and the 7th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS) held on September 17-21, 2008, at Nagoya University in Nagoya, Japan. This conference featured 401 original papers in presentations attended by some 500 participants. SCIS & ISIS is a biennial international joint conference in the field of soft computing and intelligent systems, including branches of research ranging from fuzzy systems, neural networks, and evolutionary computation to multiagent systems, artificial intelligence, and robotics. This current issue presents 20 papers covering most of the conference topics including fuzzy theory, self-organizing maps, robotics, computer vision, and optimization algorithms. I would like to thank the authors and reviewers and SCIS & ISIS 2008 for making this special issue possible. I am also grateful to Prof. Toshio Fukuda, Nagoya University, and Prof. Kaoru Hirota, Tokyo Institute of Technology, the editors-in-chief, and the SCIS & ISIS 2008 conference staff for inviting me to guest-edit this Journal.
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Kojima, Takashi, Kei Muro, Eric Francois, Chih-Hung Hsu, Toshikazu Moriwaki, Sung-Bae Kim, Se-Hoon Lee et al. "Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal cancer: Phase III KEYNOTE-181 study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n. 4_suppl (1 febbraio 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
2 Background: Patients with advanced esophageal cancer after first-line chemotherapy (chemo) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. We present results of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-181 study of pembrolizumab vs investigator’s choice chemo as second-line therapy for patients (pts) with advanced/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or Siewert type I adenocarcinoma of the EGJ (NCT02564263). Methods: Eligible pts were randomized 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W for up to 2 years or investigator’s choice chemo of paclitaxel, docetaxel, or irinotecan. Randomization was stratified by histology (SCC vs adenocarcinoma) and region (Asia vs rest of world). Primary end points were OS in the SCC, PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥10, and ITT populations. Results: 628 pts were randomized including 401 with SCC, and 222 with CPS ≥10. As of October 15, 2018, the median follow-up was 7.1 mo (pembrolizumab) vs 6.9 mo (chemo). Pembrolizumab was superior to chemo for OS in CPS ≥10 (N=222; median 9.3 vs 6.7 mo; HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.93; P=0.0074). The 12-mo OS rate in pts with CPS ≥10 was 43% vs 20%. There was clinically meaningful improvement in OS with pembrolizumab vs chemo in pts with SCC, but this was not statistically significant per prespecified boundaries (N=401; 8.2 mo vs 7.1 mo; HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.63-0.96; P=0.0095). In the ITT population, while directionally favorable, the difference in OS was not statistically significant (N=628; 7.1 mo vs 7.1 mo; HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.75-1.05; P=0.0560). Fewer pts had any-grade (64% vs 86%) or grade 3-5 (18% vs 41%) drug-related AEs with pembrolizumab vs chemo. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab significantly improved OS compared with chemo as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal cancer with PD-L1 CPS ≥10, with a more favorable safety profile. These data support pembrolizumab as a new second-line standard of care for esophageal cancer with PD-L1 CPS ≥10. The phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 study of pembrolizumab plus chemo as first-line therapy for advanced esophageal cancer is ongoing (NCT03189719). Clinical trial information: NCT02564263.
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Yildirim, Ahmet, Mengting Wei, Yuan Liu, Rohit Vivek Goswamy, Yujin Choi, Jacqueline T. Brown, Bassel Nazha et al. "Association of immune-related adverse events, inflammatory biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in patients treated with ICIs for advanced renal cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n. 16_suppl (1 giugno 2024): 4556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.4556.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
4556 Background: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) have been the mainstay treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). However, irAEs are still a challenge in clinical practice. We tested irAEs with inflammatory biomarkers and their association with clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients with aRCC treated with ICIs at Emory Winship Cancer Institute between 2018 and 2023. irAEs determined by the primary oncologist and reported by CTCAE v5.0. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between race, gender, OS, PFS, clinical benefit (CB, stable disease, partial response, complete response), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil to eosinophil ratio (NER), and any grade irAE. MVA was built by controlling gender, race, smoking status, and prior treatment. Results: We analyzed 401 patients; 191 (47.6%) patients experienced any grade irAEs, with 41 (21.5%) of those classified as grade 3 or higher. Of 401 patients, 139 (34.6%) were treated with PD-1 inhibitor (PD-1i) monotherapy, 131 (32.6%) with PD-1i and CTLA-4 inhibitor combination, 108 (26.9%) with PD-1i and tyrosine kinase inhibitor combination. The median follow-up time was 43.0 months (36.5-51.3). On univariate analysis, the incidence of irAEs was higher in females than males (Odds ratio (OR),1.66 (1.08-2.57), p=0.021), White patients had a higher incidence of irAEs compared to African American patients (OR 2.20 (1.32-3.66), p=0.009). On multivariate analysis, low mGPS was correlated with a higher risk of irAEs (OR for mGPS of 0-1-2 was 6.03 (2.07-17.62), 3.75 (1.31-10.70), and reference respectively; p=0.004). irAEs were correlated with greater CB (OR 2.56 (1.53-4.29); p <.001), longer OS (HR 0.55 (0.37-0.82); p=0.003), and longer PFS (HR 0.51 (0.37-0.71); p <.001). Conclusions: Female patients, White patients, and patients with low inflammatory biomarkers may have a higher likelihood of experiencing irAEs. Patients who experienced irAEs may have better outcomes. Future prospective trials are needed for further evidence. [Table: see text]
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Delmonico, Obenauer, Qureshi, Alves, Costa, Martin e Fournier. "A Novel Panel of 80 RNA Biomarkers with Differential Expression in Multiple Human Solid Tumors against Healthy Blood Samples". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 19 (2 ottobre 2019): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to identify genes with higher expression in solid tumor cells by comparing human tumor biopsies with healthy blood samples using both in silico statistical analysis and experimental validations. This approach resulted in a novel panel of 80 RNA biomarkers with high discrimination power to detect circulating tumor cells in blood samples. To identify the 80 RNA biomarkers, Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2.0 microarrays datasets were used to compare breast tumor tissue biopsies and breast cancer cell lines with blood samples from patients with conditions other than cancer. A total of 859 samples were analyzed at the discovery stage, consisting of 417 mammary tumors, 41 breast lines, and 401 control samples. To confirm this discovery, external datasets of eight types of tumors were used, and experimental validation studies (NanoString n-counter gene expression assay) were performed, totaling 5028 samples analyzed. In these analyses, the 80 biomarkers showed higher expression in all solid tumors analyzed relative to healthy blood samples. Experimental validation studies using NanoString assay confirmed the results were not dependent of the gene expression platform. A panel of 80 RNA biomarkers was described here, with the potential to detect solid tumor cells present in the blood of multiple tumor types.
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Del Poeta, Giovanni, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Cristina Simotti, Francesco Buccisano, Luca Maurillo, Antonella Zucchetto, Licia Ottaviani et al. "The Earliest Activation Marker CD69 Is An Independent and Strong Progression Indicator in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 114, n. 22 (20 novembre 2009): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2359.2359.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 2359 Poster Board II-336 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) exhibits features of activated and antigen-experienced B-lymphocytes and CD69 overexpression resembles B cells at an earlier and greater state of activation (Damle, 2002 and 2007). Moreover, the recent in vitro generation of anti-CD69 monoclonal antibodies able to inhibit either tumor growth or enhance NK cell function (Esplugues, 2005) prompt us to extensively evaluate CD69 antigen in our B-CLL cases. The primary endpoints of our research were: 1) to determine progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) upon CD69; 2) to assess the additive prognostic value of CD69 and ZAP-70 and finally 3) to confirm CD69 as an independent prognostic factor. We investigated 401 patients (pts), median age 65 years, 219 males and 182 females. With regard to modified Rai stages, 120 pts had a low stage, 263 an intermediate stage and 18 a high stage. ZAP-70 and CD69 were determined by multicolor flow cytometry, fixing the cut-off values > 20% and >30%, respectively. ZAP-70+ and CD69+ pts were 166/401 (41%) and 108/401 (27%), respectively. CD69 lower than 30% was significantly associated with low Rai stage (105/120; P<0.0001), lymphocyte doubling time >12 months (258/332; P=0.00001), beta-2 microglobulin (B-2M) <2.2 mg/dl (181/223; P=0.00004) and soluble CD23 <70 U/ml (196/240; P<0.00001). There were significant correlations between lower CD69 and IgVH gene mutated status (283 total cases, 150/210; P=0.0001) or low risk (normal or 13q-) FISH cytogenetics (296 total cases, 149/213; P<0.00001). Equally, a strict association was found between lower CD69 and lower ZAP-70 (185/293; P=0.0003). With regard to clinical outcome, both a shorter PFS and OS were observed in ZAP-70+ pts (6% vs 56% at 12 years and 30% vs 95% at 16 years; P<0.00001) as well as in CD69+ pts (9% vs 49% at 14 years, P<0.00001 and 49% vs 75% at 16 years; P=0.00002). Noteworthy, ZAP-70 and CD69 showed additive prognostic properties, since ZAP-70 <20% plus CD69 <30% identified a B-CLL subset at better prognosis with regard to PFS (65% vs 2% at 12 years; P<0.00001, Figure) and OS (97% vs 35% at 14 years; P<0.00001). The two discordant subsets (CD69+ZAP-70 negative and CD69-ZAP-70+) showed an intermediate outcome (Figure). In multivariate analysis of PFS, CD69 (P=0.001) and ZAP-70 (P=0.005) together with cytogenetics and B-2M were confirmed to be independent prognostic factors. On the other hand, with regard to multivariate analysis of OS, age > or < 60 years resulted to be the most significant prognostic factor (P=0.004) followed by CD38 (P=0.01), IgVH status (P=0.02) and ZAP-70 (P=0.04). In conclusion, CD69 antigen, determined by flow cytometry, should be considered a novel important prognostic parameter in B-CLL and its easy and rapid laboratory determination may allow us to identify early progressive pts in order to take timely therapeutic decisions. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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OTÁROLA-ACEVEDO, Erasmo, e Carlos LINARES-BENSIMÓN. "TABLAS DE VOLUMEN TOTAL Y COMERCIAL DE Cedrelinga catenaeformis Ducke “TORNILLO” PARA PLANTACIONES EN LORETO, PERÚ". Folia Amazónica 13, n. 1-2 (1 gennaio 2006): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.24841/fa.v13i1-2.314.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Se utilizó información de 197 árboles cosechados de Cedrelinga catenaeformis,procedentes de ensayos silviculturales en el Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera, en Loreto, de los cuales 75 árboles tenían 25 años y pertenecían a la plantación 401-74, 81 árboles tenían 21 años y pertenecían a las plantaciones 202-73 y 209-74, y 41 árboles tenían 20 años pertenecientes a la plantación 103-75. Se probaron quince modelos de regresión y se escogió el de mejor ajuste en base al coeficiente de determinación y el índice de Fúrnival. Se ajustaron las ecuaciones y se generaron tablas de doble entrada, que permiten estimar el volumen total con corteza, el volumen comercial sin corteza hasta 20 cm de diámetro en la parte superior del árbol. Para el volumen total con corteza el modelo logarítmico fue el de mejor ajuste con un coeficiente de determinación ajustado de 96%, e índice de Fúrnival de 4.11 x 10–2 para todos los sitios y espaciamientos. Para el volumen comercial sin corteza hasta 20 cm de diámetro en la parte superior, el modelo de mejor ajuste fue el del volumen en función del diámetro al cuadrado y la altura, con un coeficiente de determinación ajustado de 81.3%, y un índice de Fúrnival de 3.35 x 10-2 , también para todos los sitios y espaciamientos.
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Goodyer, Ian M., Tim Croudace, Frank Dudbridge, Maria Ban e Joe Herbert. "Polymorphisms in BDNF (Val66Met) and 5-HTTLPR, morning cortisol and subsequent depression in at-risk adolescents". British Journal of Psychiatry 197, n. 5 (novembre 2010): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077750.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundThere is increasing evidence for genetic effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary axis system. More than one gene is likely to moderate corticoid-mediated activity.AimsTo investigate whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism (rs6265, Val66Met) is associated with morning waking salivary cortisol and moderates the corticoid-mediated risk for subsequent depressive episode onset independently of the known effects of 5-HTTLPR (the serotonin transporter gene promoter).MethodHigh-risk adolescents (n = 401) were genotyped for Val66Met BDNF and 5-HTTLPR. Salivary samples were obtained on four consecutive school days within 1 h of waking. There were 365 (91%) remaining participants reassessed at 12 months for episodes of psychiatric disorder in the follow-up period. Of these, 357 (89%) had complete data for multivariate modelling.ResultsThere were 41 (11.2%) individuals who reported a new episode of clinical depression over the follow-up period. Increased risk for subsequent depression was found in carriers of the Val66Val genotype in BDNF with higher morning waking cortisol. This remained present when the known interaction between carriers of a short allele of 5-HTTLPR with higher morning salivary cortisol was taken into account.ConclusionsBoth BDNF and 5-HTTLPR genes show evidence of modifying the risk of a subsequent new depressive episode associated with elevated morning salivary cortisol. In adolescents morning salivary cortisol levels may constitute a biomarker for some forms of unipolar depression.
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Hasenauer, Arpad, Céline Forster, Johan Hungerbühler, Jean Yannis Perentes, Etienne Abdelnour-Berchtold, Joachim Koerfer, Thorsten Krueger, Fabio Becce e Michel Gonzalez. "CT-Derived Sarcopenia and Outcomes after Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Resection for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer". Cancers 15, n. 3 (27 gennaio 2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030790.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We aimed to evaluate whether computed tomography (CT)-derived preoperative sarcopenia measures were associated with postoperative outcomes and survival after video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) anatomical pulmonary resection in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients that underwent VATS anatomical pulmonary resection for NSCLC between 2012 and 2019. Skeletal muscle mass was measured at L3 vertebral level on preoperative CT or PET/CT scans to identify sarcopenic patients according to established threshold values. We compared postoperative outcomes and survival of sarcopenic vs. non-sarcopenic patients. A total of 401 patients underwent VATS anatomical pulmonary resection for NSCLC. Sarcopenia was identified in 92 patients (23%). Sarcopenic patients were predominantly males (75% vs. 25%; p < 0.001) and had a lower BMI (21.4 vs. 26.5 kg/m2; p < 0.001). The overall postoperative complication rate was significantly higher (53.2% vs. 39.2%; p = 0.017) in sarcopenic patients and the length of hospital stay was prolonged (8 vs. 6 days; p = 0.032). Two factors were associated with postoperative morbidity in multivariate analysis: BMI and American Society of Anesthesiologists score >2. Median overall survival was comparable between groups (41 vs. 46 months; p = 0.240). CT-derived sarcopenia appeared to have a small impact on early postoperative clinical outcomes, but no effect on overall survival after VATS anatomical lung resection for NSCLC.
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Li, Yi, Feifei Li e Liying Zhao. "Green Synthesis, Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity and Anticancer Effects of Vanadium Nanoparticles". Science of Advanced Materials 16, n. 8 (1 agosto 2024): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2024.4696.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Silybum marianum is a plant with many remedial properties and may help prevent the cancer spread. Studies in this field show that this plant can reduce the growth of cancer cells. Probably, Silybum marianum will improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Also, the side effects of the recent treatments may be reduced by using this plant. The Food and Drug Administration has not confirmed Silybum marianum for the cancer treatment, but it may be effective in the treatment of these cancers: prostate, breast, cervical, blood, small intestine, and skin. Researching formulation of metallic nanoparticles by medicinal plants is the research priority of all countries. In the current experiment, we synthesize the vanadium nanoparticles by the watery extract of the Silybum marianum aerial parts. The characterization was conducted by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, fourier transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The DPPH inhibition efficacy was assessed by the DPPH examination, while the MTT assay was used to evaluate anti-cervical cancer (against LM-MEL-41, HT-3, Ca Ski, DoTc2 4510, SiHa, and C-33 A cells) and cytotoxicity efficacy of vanadium NPs. In XRD, the signals at 2 theta values of 25.13, 27.77, 44.94, 49.52, 66.28, and 70.57 belong to the planes of (202), (103), (401), (205), (406), and (125) respectively. Based on the findings of FE-SEM, the NPs are formed with the morphology of spherical with an aggregation. In FT-IR, the peaks at 416 and 551 cm−1 can be assigned to V–O–V and V–O bonds. The EDS analysis confirms the vanadium presence by the signals at 5.45 (VKβ), 4.98 (VKα), and 0.53 (VLα). The other signals below 0.5 KeV verify the appearance of carbon and oxygen in the green synthetic vanadium nanoparticles. The V nanoparticles IC50 was 126, 157, 165, 125, 132, and 197 μg/mL against LM-MEL-41, HT-3, DoTc2 4510, C-33 A, SiHa, and Ca Ski cervical cancer cells, respectively.
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Abusoglu, Sedat, Duygu Eryavuz, Ceylan Bal, Cemil Nural, Erel Ozcan, Mehmet Yildirimel, Saadet Celik e Ali Unlu. "Assessment of Serum Ischemia-modified albumin, Prolidase and Thiol-Disulphide Levels in Subjects With Breast Cancer". Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator 27, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rrlm-2019-0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Oxidative damage is of great importance for patients with breast cancer. Thus, studies were performed to identify the relationship between breast cancer and oxidative stress biomarkers. Objectives: In this study, our aim was to find out the oxidative and antioxidant status, serum thiol-disulphide levels in subjects with breast cancer. Methods: This study was conducted between March and June 2018 with 82 control subjects (aged between 32-67 years) and 127 breast cancer patients (aged between 27-66 years) (p=0.058) in Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey. Serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase, prolidase were analyzed with kinetic spectrophotometric and thiol-disulphide, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), ceruloplasmin were detected by colorimetric methods. Results: Serum levels of catalase [199.3 (16.4-489.9) vs 81.6 (18.2-322.9) (kU/L)], MPO [124±28 vs 101±31 U/L], disulphide [25 (11-61) vs 18 (2-41) µmol/L], IMA [0.66 (0.31-3.30) vs 0.62 (0.19-1.31) absorbance unit (ABSU)] and prolidase levels [2217±538 vs 1456±401 U/L] were higher in patients than control subjects (For all p<0.001 except for IMA p=0.031). Native thiol [342±60 vs 391±52 µmol/L] and total thiol levels [396±56 vs 430±52 µmol/L] were lower in patients compared with the control group (For all p<0.001). Conclusions: Levels of serum thiol/disulphide and prolidase might be reliable indicators for determining oxidative status in certain patient populations.
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Chevreau, Christine, Christophe Massard, Aude Flechon, Remy Delva, Gwenaelle Gravis, Jean-Pierre Lotz, Jacques-Olivier Bay et al. "Phase II trial of TI-CE high dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with drug monitoring for individual carboplatin dosing in patients with relapsed advanced germ cell tumors: A multicentric prospective GETUG trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n. 6_suppl (20 febbraio 2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
401 Background: HDCT is a valid option of treatment for relapsed advanced GCTs pts. The results of the TICE regimen as salvage therapy in poor risk pts demonstrated a 50% complete response (CR) but with very high variability of measured carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) (between 10.9-36.7 for target AUC = 24 mg.min/mL). We initiated a phase II trial of TICE with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for individual carboplatin dosing in order to target the 3-day AUC to 24 mg/min/mL. Methods: Were included pts with unfavorable relapsed GCTs , secondarily classified according to the International Prognostic Factors Study Group. Pts were treated according the TICE regimen with two cycles combining paclitaxel and ifosfamide followed by three cycles HDCT: carboplatin plus etoposide with stem cell support. Carboplatin dose was adapted on day 3 based on carboplatin clearance (Cl) at day 1, in order to reach the target AUC. The primary endpoint was the CR rate (cCR sCR pCR). A Simon Minimax design was performed using the following hypothesis: p0 = 50%, p1 = 65 α = 5%, β = 10%. Results: Between 03/2009 and 11/2015 101 pts were accrued, 60 pts were treated in first relapse (34 classified as high and very high-risk) and 41 in 2ndor more relapse. 72 pts (71%) received the whole treatment, 12 pts (10%) did not receive any cycle of HDCT. 29pts (26%) stopped treatment earlier, 8 for toxicity. Three pts died on treatment. 35/79 (44.3%) evaluable pts achieved a CR. 19 pts (24%) presented a PRm-. The mean observed carboplatin AUC was 24.5 mg.min/mL (between 18.9 and 28.8) at C1.Following TDM, the modification of the total carboplatin dose during C1 was comprised between -33% and +44%, showing the benefit of TDM in comparison with individual dosing based only on carboplatin Cl predicted according to patient’s renal characteristics. Conclusions: The CR rate observed in this very poor prognosis population was 44.3% and 69.6% CR + PRm-. Carboplatin dose individualization based on TDM allowed to reach more accurately the target AUC compared to previous reports. Clinical trial information: NCT00864318.
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Feldman, Darren R., Andrea Knezevic, Kaamilah Wilson, Maria Bromberg, Amy Budnick, Deaglan Joseph McHugh, Erik Larsen et al. "Detailed evaluation of hearing loss (HL) associated with high-dose (HD) carboplatin for salvage treatment of germ cell tumors (GCT)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n. 6_suppl (20 febbraio 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
401 Background: HD carboplatin is an essential part of curative salvage high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for GCT. Although ototoxicity is a known side effect of HD carboplatin, data on severity and characteristics of HL in this population are limited. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) received salvage HD carboplatin for GCT at our center from 1993-2017 and had audiograms pre- and post-HDCT. All pts were planned for 3 sequential cycles of HD carboplatin; some had audiograms after each cycle. HL severity was classified by ASHA criteria (slight: 15-24dB; mild: 25-40dB; moderate: 41-55dB; moderately severe: 56-70dB; severe: 71-90dB; profound: >90dB). Change in hearing threshold at each frequency (0.25 – 8 kHz) was analyzed by clinical and treatment variables using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The proportion of pts recommended for hearing aids was also recorded. Results: Of 115 pts (median age 31, 77% nonseminoma), 96 received TI-CE and 19 received TI-TIC on a clinical trial (Feldman CGUC 2015). Pts varied by prior cisplatin exposure (77% with ≤4 vs 23% with 5-9 cycles) and number of HD carboplatin cycles (89% had 3, 10% had 2, and 2% had 1). Carboplatin AUC was 21 in 23%, 24 in 75%, and 28 in 3%. Moderate to profound HL was present in 23% pre-HD carboplatin vs 82% post, preferentially at high frequencies (Table). Of 89 pts with normal to mild HL at baseline, 78% developed moderate or worse HL post-HD carboplatin, including 61% with moderately severe or severe HL. Higher AUC (24 vs 21) and number of HD carboplatin cycles were associated with greater HL with HD carboplatin whereas prior cisplatin exposure was not. Due to moderate or severe HL in the vital speech frequency range (2 – 4kHz), 20 (17%) pts were recommended for hearing aids post-HD carboplatin. Conclusions: In the largest series to detail ototoxicity in pts receiving salvage HD carboplatin for GCT, we show HL, particularly at high frequencies, is a major dose-dependent toxicity. Most pts will have at least moderate high frequency HL after HD carboplatin with approximately 1 in 6 recommended for hearing aids. [Table: see text]
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Wang, Jue. "Clinical features and outcomes of testicular choriocarcinoma: A single cancer center experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, n. 7_suppl (1 marzo 2015): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
401 Background: Pure choriocarcinoma (PC) is a very rare entity and the most aggressive subtype of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. There is limited published data regarding treatment outcomes in this group of patients. In this series, we report our experience of sixteen patients treated at a single cancer center. Methods: The hospital tumor registry was utilized to retrospectively identify patients with the diagnosis of testicular cancer between 1997-2011. Clinical pathological, radiographic, treatment, and outcome data were retrospectively reviewed and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: Sixteen patients were identified containing choriocarcinoma as component in 120 testicular cancer patients. Four patients (3.3%) had PC and twelve (10%) had mixed choriocarcinoma (MC). The median age of entire cohort was 25 years (range 21–41). Patients with PC was younger (p < 0.001); more advanced stage (IIIC stage 100% vs. 41.7%; p < 0.001), higher rate of lung metastasis (100% vs. 12%; p < 0.001), higher rate of brain metastasis (70% vs. 16.7%; p < 0.001), received more aggressive therapies: RPLND (50% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001); >2 lines chemotherapy (75% vs. 16.7%; p < 0.001); high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant (HDCT) (50% vs. 8.3%; p < 0.001); in comparison with patients with MC. All four PC patients (100%) were classified as poor risk group at diagnosis according to the IGCCCG prognostic classification system. One PC patient died before receiving any therapy, three had standard first and second line chemotherapies (BEP and viep). Two PC patients underwent HDCT (one as third and another as fourth line). One PC patient had pulmonary resection of chemo-resistant disease after HDCT with long term survival. At a median follow-up of 40 months (range 0.2 - 189), three PC (75%) and two MC (16.7%) patients have died in last follow-up. Three-year survival was 25% and 80% in PC and MC, respectively. Conclusions: PC is associated with advanced disease and high rate of pulmonary and brain metastases. The prognoses of these patients remain poor despite of receiving more aggressive therapy, in comparison with patients with MC. Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for patients with this rare cancer.
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Christy, Christy, Riana Sahrani e Pamela Hendra Heng. "KEMAMPUAN MENGONTROL DIRI MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN DALAM BELAJAR, PENGERJAAN TUGAS, DAN PENGGUNAAN GAWAI". Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 4, n. 1 (30 aprile 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v4i1.7576.2020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Academic burnout was a problem in the world of education that was often experienced by medical students. Educational demands and numerous assignments often caused medical students to felt overwhelmed and experience academic burnout. Uniquely, there were previous studies which found that in the midst of high activity, medical students still had time to access their smartphones. When students spend most of their time for smartphone used rather than their daily activities, students will have the potential to experience problematic smartphone used, which could have a negative impact on their study and daily routines. This problem became more interesting to be discussed considering current situation, in which almost everyone had their own smartphone and often relies on the smartphone for information or leisure purposes. This researched was conducted to examine the role of problematic smartphone used on academic burnout in medical students. Quantitative research using convenience sampling method was conducted to answer the question. The participants of this study were 401 medical students. Result showed that problematic smartphone use had a significant role on academic burnout in medical students (β = 0. 41, t = 8. 84). The result means an increase score on problematic smartphone use will be followed by an increase score on academic burnout, and vice versa. Academic burnout merupakan suatu masalah dalam dunia pendidikan yang seringkali dialami oleh mahasiswa kedokteran. Hal ini ditandai dengan rasa kewalahan, sinis, dan rasa tidak mampu untuk menjalani studi. Tuntutan pendidikan dan banyaknya tugas seringkali membuat mahasiswa kedokteran merasa kewalahan dan mengalami academic burnout. Uniknya, terdapat penelitian terdahulu yang menemukan bahwa di tengah kesibukan yang tinggi, mahasiswa kedokteran masih memiliki waktu untuk mengakses atau memainkan gawai yang dimilikinya. Ketika mahasiswa mengakses gawai dengan intensitas dan durasi yang terlalu panjang, mahasiswa akan memiliki potensi untuk mengalami problematic smartphone use, yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi perkuliahan mahasiswa kedokteran. Masalah ini tentunya semakin menarik untuk dibahas mengingat saat ini setiap orang memiliki gawai dan seringkali bergantung pada gawai yang dimiliki untuk kebutuhan informasi ataupun untuk mengisi waktu luang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji peran problematic smartphone use terhadap academic burnout pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Penelitian dengan teknik convenience sampling dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 401 mahasiswa kedokteran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problematic smartphone use memiliki peran signifikan terhadap academic burnout pada mahasiswa kedokteran (β = 0.41, t = 8.84). Hal ini berarti peningkatan skor problematic smartphone use akan diikuti dengan peningkatan skor academic burnout mahasiswa kedokteran. Sebaliknya, penurunan skor problematic smartphone use akan diikuti juga dengan penurunan skor academic burnout mahasiswa kedokteran.
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Mukhopadhyay, Sagori, Karen M. Puopolo, Nellie I. Hansen, Scott A. Lorch, Sara B. DeMauro, Rachel G. Greenberg, C. Michael Cotten et al. "Neurodevelopmental outcomes following neonatal late-onset sepsis and blood culture-negative conditions". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 106, n. 5 (21 gennaio 2021): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320664.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectiveDetermine risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) versus late-onset, antibiotic-treated, blood culture-negative conditions (LOCNC).DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting24 neonatal centres.PatientsInfants born 1/1/2006–31/12/2014, at 22–26 weeks gestation, with birth weight 401–1000 g and surviving >7 days were included. Infants with early-onset sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, intestinal perforation or both LOS and LOCNC were excluded.ExposuresLOS and LOCNC were defined as antibiotic administration for ≥5 days with and without a positive blood/cerebrospinal fluid culture, respectively. Infants with these diagnoses were also compared with infants with neither condition.OutcomesDeath or NDI was assessed at 18–26 months corrected age follow-up. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks adjusting for covariates occurring ≤7 days of age.ResultsOf 7354 eligible infants, 3940 met inclusion criteria: 786 (20%) with LOS, 1601 (41%) with LOCNC and 1553 (39%) with neither. Infants with LOS had higher adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for death/NDI (1.14 (1.05 to 1.25)) and death before follow-up (1.71 (1.44 to 2.03)) than those with LOCNC. Among survivors, risk for NDI did not differ between the two groups (0.99 (0.86 to 1.13)) but was higher for LOCNC infants (1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)) compared with unaffected infants.ConclusionsInfants with LOS had higher risk of death, but not NDI, compared with infants with LOCNC. Surviving infants with LOCNC had higher risk of NDI compared with unaffected infants. Improving outcomes for infants with LOCNC requires study of the underlying conditions and the potential impact of antibiotic exposure.
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Legler, Sean, Matthew Diehl, Brian Hilliard, Andrew Olson, Rebecca Markowitz, Christopher Tignanelli, Genevieve B. Melton, Alain Broccard, Jonathan Kirsch e Michael Usher. "Evaluation of an Intrahospital Telemedicine Program for Patients Admitted With COVID-19: Mixed Methods Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, n. 4 (29 aprile 2021): e25987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25987.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background The increasing incidence of COVID-19 infection has challenged health care systems to increase capacity while conserving personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies and minimizing nosocomial spread. Telemedicine shows promise to address these challenges but lacks comprehensive evaluation in the inpatient environment. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate an intrahospital telemedicine program (virtual care), along with its impact on exposure risk and communication. Methods We conducted a natural experiment of virtual care on patients admitted for COVID-19. The primary exposure variable was documented use of virtual care. Patient characteristics, PPE use rates, and their association with virtual care use were assessed. In parallel, we conducted surveys with patients and clinicians to capture satisfaction with virtual care along the domains of communication, medical treatment, and exposure risk. Results Of 137 total patients in our primary analysis, 43 patients used virtual care. In total, there were 82 inpatient days of use and 401 inpatient days without use. Hospital utilization and illness severity were similar in patients who opted in versus opted out. Virtual care was associated with a significant reduction in PPE use and physical exam rate. Surveys of 41 patients and clinicians showed high rates of recommendation for further use, and subjective improvements in communication. However, providers and patients expressed limitations in usability, medical assessment, and empathetic communication. Conclusions In this pilot natural experiment, only a subset of patients used inpatient virtual care. When used, virtual care was associated with reductions in PPE use, reductions in exposure risk, and patient and provider satisfaction.
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Godwin, Christina A., Brian J. Linder, Marcelino E. Rivera, Matthew J. Ziegelmann e Daniel S. Elliott. "Effects of Smoking Status on Device Survival Among Individuals Undergoing Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement". American Journal of Men's Health 12, n. 5 (29 maggio 2016): 1398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316651133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Smoking is an established risk factor for wound complications. There is limited data on the impact of smoking on artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess AUS device survival outcomes based on smoking status. From 1985 to 2014, 1,270 patients underwent AUS placement with 728 having smoking status available for review. Smoking status was categorized as never, prior, and active smokers. Kaplan−Meier analysis was performed to evaluate differences in survival, including overall device and erosion/infection−free survival. Hazard regression analysis was utilized to determine the association between smoking and device outcomes. Of the 728 patients in the study, 401 had a history of smoking with 41 active smokers and 360 never smokers at the time of AUS implant. When compared with nonsmokers, past smokers had a higher rate of hypertension and prior transient ischemic attack. Clinical comorbidities were similar between nonsmokers and active smokers. On univariate analysis, patient age, history of transient ischemic attack, diabetes, and coronary artery disease were significantly associated with infection/erosion rate, but prior or active smoking statuses were not. Likewise, when comparing smokers (past or active) with lifelong nonsmokers, there was no significant difference in 1- and 5-year overall device survival. There was no evidence for adverse AUS outcomes in current or past smokers compared with nonsmokers. Given the established risk of perioperative complications secondary to smoking, the recommendation should still be to counsel patients to quit prior to undergoing AUS placement. External validation of these findings is needed.
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Ringdén, Olle, Myriam Labopin, Gerhard Ehninger, Dietger Niederwieser, Richard Olsson, Nadezda Basara, Juergen Finke et al. "Reduced Intensity Conditioning Compared With Myeloablative Conditioning Using Unrelated Donor Transplants in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n. 27 (20 settembre 2009): 4570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.20.9692.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Reduced intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) is increasingly used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unrelated donor (UD) transplants have more complications. We wanted to examine if RIC is a valid treatment option using UD in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods Between 1999 and 2005, 401 patients with AML were treated with RIC and 1,154 received myeloablative conditioning (MAC), using UD and reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry. Patients < and ≥ 50 years of age were analyzed separately. Results Patients receiving RIC were older, received transplants more recently, received peripheral blood stem cells more frequently, and were treated with total-body irradiation less often. In multivariable analysis, in patients younger than 50 years of age, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was similar using RIC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; P = .41), relapse was increased (HR, 1.46; P = .02) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) was the same (HR, 0.88; P = .28), as compared with MAC. In patients ≥ 50 years of age, NRM was decreased in the RIC group (HR, 0.64; P = .04), relapse probability was not significantly different (HR, 1.34; P = .16) and LFS was similar (HR, 1.04; P = .79) compared with MAC. Conclusion RIC-UD transplants are associated with higher relapse in AML patients younger than 50 years of age and decreased NRM in those ≥ 50 years compared with MAC-UD. LFS was similar after both conditioning regimens, regardless of age. Therefore, RIC-UD extend the use of allotransplants for elderly patients and strategies that decrease relapse should be considered mainly in younger patients with AML.
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Rattan, Akshita, Manish Gulia, Sandhya Panjeta Gulia, Neharica Joshi e Satwant Kaur. "Clinicopathological correlation of abnormal uterine bleeding according to PALM-COEIN classification in reproductive age group in a tertiary care center, North India". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, n. 4 (28 marzo 2023): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230826.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: AUB is a common problem encountered by women of reproductive age group with increased risk during perimenopausal period. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) has designed a new classification system PALM-COEIN in order to standardize the causes of AUB. Aims and Objectives were to stratify causes of AUB in women of reproductive age group in context to PALM-COEIN classification system. To establish a clinico-pathological correlation among causes of AUB taking aid of radiology wherever required. Methods: All women of reproductive age group presenting with complaints of AUB in department of gynecology from January 2018 to December 2021 were included in the study. The cause were classified based on PALM-COEIN classification both clinically and histopathologically. Radiological investigation was carried out wherever required. Results: Total 560 women of reproductive age group were registered. Majority 321 (57.32%) women were between 41-50 years of age and commonest complaint was heavy menstrual bleeding in 401 (71.60%). PALM and COEIN groups accounted for 40% and 60% respectively. Among structural causes, leiomyoma was the commonest cause 153 (27.32%) of AUB whereas among the functional causes most common was endometrial 188 (33.57%). The clinico-histopathological correlation was statistically significant in cases of AUB-P, AUB-A, AUB-O and AUB-E. Conclusions: The PALM-COEIN classification system helps to understand the causes of AUB and gives simpler terminology, diagnosis and investigations of the causes of AUB and offers better patient management. It can provide better means of quality assurance and appropriateness of treatment.
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Giannatempo, Patrizia, Laura Marandino, Daniele Raggi, Francesco Pierantoni, Marco Maruzzo, Helga Lipari, Giuseppe Luigi Banna et al. "A multicenter, retrospective study on impact of immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma with bone metastases (Meet-Uro01 Study)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n. 6_suppl (20 febbraio 2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
401 Background: Considerable numbers of patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) (approximately 25-47%) develop bone metastases (BoM). Their impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy (IO) is not yet sufficiently investigated. We developed a national collaboration on this issue, with the aim to assess the effect of BoM on survival outcomes of immunotherapy-treated pts in a large retrospective cohort. Methods: Data on pts diagnosed with mUC and treated between 07/14 and 08/20 with single-agent immunotherapy (IO) after failure of at least 1 previous line of chemotherapy (CT) for advanced disease, or (neo-)adjuvant CT within 12 months were retrospectively collected across 14 centers. PFS and OS were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed evaluating potential prognostic factors for OS and PFS. Each factor was evaluated in univariable (UV) and multivariable (MVA) analysis. Results: A total of 208 evaluable pts treated with single-agent immunotherapy (anti PD-1 n=42; anti PD-L1 n=166) were identified, including 122 without BoM (59% BoM-) and 86 (41%) BoM+. 13% of pts had progressed within 12 months after (neo-)adjuvant CT and 79% after a previous line of platinum-based CT for advanced disease (cisplatin 42.8%; carboplatin 36.5%). The presence of BoM negatively affected performance status (PS) of patients at baseline (ECOG PS 0/1/2 in 58% / 37% / 5% in BoM- vs 38% / 52% / 9% in BoM+; p=0.017). Other baseline characteristics were comparable. BoM+ showed shorter PFS (median 2.0 vs 2.6 months, HR 1.76 [95%CI, 1.31-2.37], p<0.001) and OS (median 3.9 vs 7.8 months, HR 1.59 [95%CI, 1.15-2.20], p=0.005) than BoM-. Probability of being alive was 62% vs 40% after 6 months, 38% vs 23% after 1 year and 24% vs 13% after 2 years, in BoM- and BoM+ respectively. Within each Bellmunt score, PFS and OS of BoM+ pts were shorter compared to BoM-. Both BoM and higher Bellmunt risk score were significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS in UV and MV analyses (Table). Conclusions: Patients with mUC treated with single-agent immunotherapy for BoM+ advanced disease have a dismal prognosis compared with BoM-. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism behind these clinical outcomes. [Table: see text]
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Averianov, Anton V., Alexander V. Antonov, Alexey S. Zhivotovskiy, Mikhail V. Kostyanko, Ilgiz A. Vafin, Gleb I. Kolpinskiy e Andrey N. Glushkov. "Incidence of IgA antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene and steroid hormones in women with colorectal cancer and breast cancer". Russian Journal of Immunology 26, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1090-ioi.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Formation of DNA adducts of chemical carcinogens is a trigger for carcinogenesis. Adducts of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and estradiol metabolites with DNA have been found in normal and tumor cells in healthy women and patients with breast and colorectal cancer. These low-weight compounds in macromolecular complexes induce the synthesis of specific antibodies. Previously, the presence of specific antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp), estradiol (IgA-Es) and progesterone (IgA-Pg) was revealed in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to identify the putative features of the IgA-Bp, IgA-Es, and IgA-Pg formation in postmenopausal women with colorectal cancer, in comparison with healthy and breast cancer patients. Using a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of these antibodies was studied in the blood serum of healthy women (n = 401), patients with colorectal cancer (n = 219) and breast cancer (n = 1469) using conjugates of Bp, Es, and Pg with bovine serum albumin as adsorbed antigens. When compared with healthy people, the patients with colorectal cancer exhibited higher incidence of IgA-Bp 3 (75% vs 37%, p 0.0001, OR = 5.0), as well as more common levels of individual antibody ratios: IgA-Bp/IgA-Es 1 (82% vs 41%, p 0.0001, OR = 6.5); IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 (77% vs 20%, p 0.0001, OR = 13.4); IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1 (89% vs 48%, p 0.0001, OR = 8.7). In breast cancer patients, compared with healthy people, high IgA-Bp values ( 3) were more common (45% vs 37%, p 0.004, OR = 1.4), as well as increased IgA-Bp/IgA-Es ratio 1 (57% vs 41%, p 0.0001, OR = 1.9), IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.1 (71% vs 36%, p 0.0001, OR = 4.4) and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.1 (71% vs 41%, p 0.0001, OR = 3.5). In patients with colorectal cancer, compared with patients with breast cancer we have found higher incidence of increased IgA-Bp values ( 3) (75% vs 45%, p 0.0001), IgA-Es 3 (53% vs 39%, p 0, 0001), and of IgA-Pg 2 (52% vs 44%, p = 0.025), as well as IgA-Bp/IgA- Es 1 (82% vs 57%, p 0.0001, OR = 50.8 ); IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 (77% vs 49%, p 0.0001); IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.1 (85% vs 71%, p 0.0001). The apparently high serum IgA-Bp levels reflect the formation of DNA-Bp adducts at large scale in target cells in colorectal cancer compared with healthy women and breast cancer patients, due to direct exposure of colon epithelium to Bp from food. Immunoassay for IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg is proposed for assessing individual risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. The ratios of IgA Bp/IgA-Pg levels 1.5 represent the most informative marker of individual risk for colorectal cancer.
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Kristjánsdóttir, Margrét Kristín, Heiðrún Ósk Reynisdóttir, Brynjólfur Mogensen, Karl Andersen, Tómas Guðbjartsson, Martin Ingi Sigurðsson e Ingibjörg J. Guðmundsdóttir. "Management and revascularization of diabetics with coronary artery disease in Iceland". Læknablaðið 108, n. 0708 (7 luglio 2022): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2022.0708.699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes is growing, and diabetics have increased risk of atherosclerosis and diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to assess the revascularization treatment of diabetics with CAD in Iceland from 2010-2020, changes in management and long-term survival of patients. METHODS: All patients in Iceland with diabetes and CAD on cardiac catheterization 2010-2020 were included in this retrospective, population-based study. We analyzed data from the SCAAR/SWEDEHEART database: patients‘ background information, findings of cardiac catheterization, planned treatment and results. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate long-term survival and Cox-regression-analysis to adjust for predictor variables. RESULTS: Of 1905 cases (1485 patients), 1230 (65%) underwent PCI, 274 (14%) CABG and 401 (21%) had medical therapy only. The age distribution differed: The PCI group had the widest age bracket, the CABG group the narrowest, and the medical therapy group had the highest mean age. Most patients with STEMI or cardiogenic shock underwent PCI, while most patients with concomitant heart-valve disease underwent CABG. The proportion of patients undergoing CABG increased with more diffuse CAD. 41% of patients with left main- and three-vessel disease underwent CABG while only 2% of those with single-vessel disease. From 2010-2020 the proportion of patients that underwent PCI increased from 49% to 72%. There was no difference in survival between the PCI and CABG groups (p=1.00). CONCLUSION: Three quarters of patients with diabetes and obstructive CAD are now treated with PCI. The PCI and CABG groups had overall equal survival but the groups had different characteristics.
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Soliman, Moetaza M., Darren M. Ashcroft, Kath D. Watson, Mark Lunt, Deborah P. M. Symmons e Kimme L. Hyrich. "Impact of concomitant use of DMARDs on the persistence with anti-TNF therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 70, n. 4 (17 febbraio 2011): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.139774.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different concomitant disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on the persistence with antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodThis analysis included 10 396 patients with RA registered with the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register, a prospective observational cohort study, who were starting their first anti-TNF therapy and were receiving one of the following DMARD treatments at baseline: no DMARD (n=3339), methotrexate (MTX) (n=4418), leflunomide (LEF) (n=610), sulfasalazine (SSZ) (n=308), MTX+SSZ (n=902), MTX+ hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (n=401) or MTX+SSZ+HCQ (n=418). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to study the persistence with anti-TNF therapy in each DMARD subgroup up to 5 years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by anti-TNF used and start year and adjusted for a number of potential confounders, were used to compare treatment persistence overall and according to the reason for discontinuation between each of the DMARD subgroups, using MTX as reference.ResultsOne-year drug survival (95% CI) for the first anti-TNF therapy was 71% (71% to 72%) but this dropped to 42% (41% to 43%) at 5 years. Compared with MTX, patients receiving no DMARD, LEF or SSZ were more likely to discontinue their first anti-TNF therapy while patients receiving MTX in combination with other DMARDs showed better treatment persistence.ConclusionsThese results support the continued use of background DMARD combinations which include MTX. Consideration should be given to the discontinuation of LEF and SSZ monotherapy at the time anti-TNF therapies are started, with the possible exception of the SSZ+ETN combination.
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Robène-Soustrade, Isabelle, Delphine Legrand, Lionel Gagnevin, Frédéric Chiroleu, Annie Laurent e Olivier Pruvost. "Multiplex Nested PCR for Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii from Onion Seeds". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, n. 9 (5 marzo 2010): 2697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02697-09.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Bacterial blight of onion (BBO) is an emerging disease that is present in many onion-producing areas. The causal agent, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is seed transmitted. A reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for testing seed health is needed. Detection of X. axonopodis pv. allii was achieved using a multiplex nested PCR assay developed using two randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) sequences corresponding to pilus assembly genes (p ilW and p ilX) and the avrRxv gene, respectively. The multiplex nested PCR was used with a large collection of X. axonopodis pv. allii strains pathogenic to onion and/or other Allium species isolated in different regions of the world. The internal primers used in the multiplex PCR assay directed amplification for all 86 X. axonopodis pv. allii strains tested, resulting in a 401-bp amplicon, a 444- to 447-bp amplicon, or both amplicons, depending on the strain. No amplification was obtained for 41 unrelated phytopathogenic bacteria and for 14 saprophytic bacteria commonly isolated from onion leaves and seeds. Most Xanthomonas strains also did not produce amplicons, except for nine strains classified in X. axonopodis genetic subgroup 9.1 or 9.2 and not pathogenic to onion. Nevertheless, sequence signatures distinguished most of these strains from X. axonopodis pv. allii. The assay detected X. axonopodis pv. allii in seed lots with contamination levels of 5 × 102 CFU g−1 or higher. The sensitivity threshold of the multiplex nested PCR assay was found to be 1 infected seed in 27,340 seeds. This PCR-based assay should be useful for certifying that commercial seed lots are free of this important seed-borne pathogen.
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Valiquette, Luc, Francesco Montorsi e Stephen Auerbach. "Vardenafil demonstrates first-dose success and reliability of penetration and maintenance of erection in men with erectile dysfunction — RELY-II". Canadian Urological Association Journal 2, n. 3 (2 aprile 2013): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.590.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: Vardenafil has been shown to be efficacious in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). We evaluated first-dose and repeat-dose response to vardenafil 20 mg.Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled study consisted of a 4-week, treatment-free run-in phase; a 1-week, open-label challenge phase; and a 12-week, double-blind treatment phase. Primary efficacy was assessed in terms of reliability of insertion based on dose as measured by the Sexual Encounter Profile question 2 (SEP2). We assessed safety by evaluating adverse events (AEs).Results: Baseline patient characteristics in the 2 treatment groups were similar. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (41%), dyslipidemia (28%) and diabetes mellitus (24%). Of the 573 patients receiving the 20-mg vardenafil challenge dose, 464 (81%) achieved first-time successful penetration (SEP2), and 401 (70%) reported successful erection maintenance (SEP3). Patients receiving vardenafil 20 mg had statistically (p < 0.001) and clinically superior SEP2 rates (85%) through weeks 0–12, compared with patients receiving placebo (45%). The increase in reliability of insertion was seen within the first 4 weeks of treatment. Vardenafil therapy was statistically (p < 0.001) and clinically superior to placebo for all secondary efficacy end points as well. Most AEs associated with vardenafil were mild to moderate, with headache, flushing and nasal congestion most frequently reported.Conclusion: Vardenafil 20 mg had a high first-dose success rate for both SEP2 (81%) and SEP3 (70%); this was maintained through to the study end point (85% for SEP2 and 78% for SEP3). These findings were achieved in men with frequentlyassociated comorbidities including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes.
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Albus, Sebastian Ludwig, Rebecca E. Harrison, Ramzia Moudachirou, Kassi Nanan-N’Zeth, Benoit Haba, Esther C. Casas, Petros Isaakidis et al. "Poor outcomes among critically ill HIV-positive patients at hospital discharge and post-discharge in Guinea, Conakry: A retrospective cohort study". PLOS ONE 18, n. 3 (13 marzo 2023): e0281425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281425.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction Optimal management of critically ill HIV-positive patients during hospitalization and after discharge is not fully understood. This study describes patient characteristics and outcomes of critically ill HIV-positive patients hospitalized in Conakry, Guinea between August 2017 and April 2018 at discharge and 6 months post-discharge. Methods We carried out a retrospective observational cohort study using routine clinical data. Analytic statistics were used to describe characteristics and outcomes. Results 401 patients were hospitalized during the study period, 230 (57%) were female, median age was 36 (IQR: 28–45). At admission, 229 patients (57%) were on ART, median CD4 was 64 cells/mm3, 166 (41%) had a VL >1000 copies/ml, and 97 (24%) had interrupted treatment. 143 (36%) patients died during hospitalisation. Tuberculosis was the major cause of death for 102 (71%) patients. Of 194 patients that were followed after hospitalization a further 57 (29%) were lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) and 35 (18%) died, 31 (89%) of which had a TB diagnosis. Of all patients who survived a first hospitalisation, 194 (46%) were re-hospitalised at least once more. Amongst those LTFU, 34 (59%) occurred immediately after hospital discharge. Conclusion Outcomes for critically ill HIV-positive patients in our cohort were poor. We estimate that 1-in-3 patients remained alive and in care 6 months after their hospital admission. This study shows the burden of disease on a contemporary cohort of patients with advanced HIV in a low prevalence, resource limited setting and identifies multiple challenges in their care both during hospitalisation as well as during and after re-transitioning to ambulatory care.
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Cook, I. "Pedometer step counting in South Africa: tools or trinkets?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18, n. 3 (5 febbraio 2009): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v18i3a238.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. This study addressed (i) the accuracy of measuring ambulatory signals and (ii) the susceptibility to nonambulatory signals, of the Discovery Vitality Pedometer (VT) and the Kellogg's Special K Step Counter (KL) compared with three research-grade pedometers (DW: Yamax DigiWalker SW-401, MTI: MTI Actigraph AM-7164-2.2 , NL: New Lifestyles NL 2000). Design. One hundred instruments (20 instruments/brand) were tested at five level walking speeds on a motorised treadmill (3.24, 4.02, 4.80, 5.64, 6.42 km.hr-1) and during motor vehicle travel on tarred roads (62.9 km). Results. The KL was highly variable across all speeds, while the VT tended to be variable at the lowest speed. The DW, NL and VT significantly underestimated steps below 4.80km.hr-1 (41 - 94%, p < 0.02) but accuracy improved at speeds ≥ 4.80 km.hr-1 (98 - 102%). The KL displayed the highest variability (60% inter-instrument variance) followed by the VT (10% inter-instrument variance). The research-grade pedometers were the least variable (0 - 1% inter-instrument variance). At 4.80 km.hr-1, all research- grade pedometers measured within a 10% margin of error compared with the 90% of VT units and 42% of KL units. The VT was significantly more resistant to nonambulatory signals than the DW (p < 0.01). The KL was the most variable in its response to non-ambulatory signals while the NL was the most consistent. The MTI detected the most non-ambulatory signals (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The KL should not be used as a promotional pedometer. The VT achieved the minimum standards required of a promotional pedometer. Further testing is required for longevity, and performance under free-living conditions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 67-78
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Alkali, B., E. Agwu, F. Sarkinfada, A. M. Idris e S. B. Mada. "Correlation of nosocomial infection with prolonged hospital stay in Kano Nigeria". Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, n. 2 (12 febbraio 2021): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nosocomial infections or Health Care prolonged hospital stay and has been implicated in increase in socio-economic disturbance, long term disability, and increased mortality rate. There is paucity information on the burden of HCAIs because of poorly developed surveillance systems and inexistent control methods. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection due to prolonged hospital stay in selected tertiary hospitals of Kano metropolis. Retrospective data were collected from three hospitals with a total number of admitted patients and the number of prolonged hospital stays during the month of study. A total of 401 clinical samples collected from patients admitted for ≥14 days and the age of ≥18 years from all study sites. Examples include wound swabs, urine samples, urine catheters, and nasal intubation. All the samples were processed by the standard bacteriological laboratory procedure of the Clinical laboratory standard institute. The results showed that the percentage of prolonged hospital stay in Kano 40.34%, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) 50.54% with the least at Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Specialist (MAWSH) 28.91%. Age served as significant factors for acquired HCAIs; participants aged were 41- 70 years have a higher prevalence of nosocomial infections. From 138 positive isolates observed, Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) has height nosocomial infection of 41.4%, with the least Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) has 29%. Among the Site of infection, 34.8% isolates were wounds Swabs (SSIs), urine (UTI) 31.2%, an least was nasal intubation 11.6%. Among pathogens isolated E. coli is the most prominent organism with 26.1% and the least Streptococcus pyogenes (7.9%). This study showed that the prevalence of Prolong hospital stay in Kano was 40.34%, AKTH 39.53% and MAWSH 28.91%. The prevalence of nosocomial infection was 34.3%. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant isolates.
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Harsoor, Jayaraj, Vinod H. Ratageri, C. Shilpa, Shivanand Illalu e Prakash Wari. "Pulmonary function tests in children with beta-thalassemia major". Karnataka Pediatric Journal 35 (9 settembre 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/kpj_2_2020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of lung functions in thalassemia major children and correlation of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with serum ferritin. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study done from January 2017 to December 2017. Inclusion criteria: Children with confirmed diagnosis of beta-thalassemia major in the age group of 5–15 years were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Already diagnosed cases of pulmonary dysfunctions, CHD and RHD were excluded from the study. All enrolled children underwent a detailed clinical history, physical examination and blood sample were sent for Hb and serum ferritin before blood transfusion (BT). PFT was done within 24 h of BT using spirometer (Helios-401). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Version22). Results: Forty-five children enrolled in the study and majority of them were <10 years (37 children) with M:F ratio 1.6:1. The pulmonary dysfunction was present in 35 (77.8%), but none of them had respiratory symptoms. The pulmonary dysfunction observed was restrictive 31 (88.5%), obstructive 2 (5.7%), and combined 2 (5.7%). A reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) % in 33 (73.3%), a reduced forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1%) in 25 (55.5%), a normal FEV1/FVC in 41 (91.2%), and a reduced FEF 25–75% in 23 (51.1%) children were observed. Risk factors such as, age, height, and duration of chelation (>5 years) were significantly associated with pulmonary dysfunction (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum ferritin levels and PFT. However, PFT values were found to be decreased in patients with a high serum ferritin (>2500 ng/ml), but these differences were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Abnormal patterns of lung function were common (restrictive type, predominant), even though none of these children had any respiratory symptoms.
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Cook, I. "Pedometer step counting in South Africa: tools or trinkets?" South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18, n. 3 (5 febbraio 2006): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2006/v18i3a238.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives. This study addressed (i) the accuracy of measuring ambulatory signals and (ii) the susceptibility to nonambulatory signals, of the Discovery Vitality Pedometer (VT) and the Kellogg's Special K Step Counter (KL) compared with three research-grade pedometers (DW: Yamax DigiWalker SW-401, MTI: MTI Actigraph AM-7164-2.2 , NL: New Lifestyles NL 2000). Design. One hundred instruments (20 instruments/brand) were tested at five level walking speeds on a motorised treadmill (3.24, 4.02, 4.80, 5.64, 6.42 km.hr-1) and during motor vehicle travel on tarred roads (62.9 km). Results. The KL was highly variable across all speeds, while the VT tended to be variable at the lowest speed. The DW, NL and VT significantly underestimated steps below 4.80km.hr-1 (41 - 94%, p < 0.02) but accuracy improved at speeds ≥ 4.80 km.hr-1 (98 - 102%). The KL displayed the highest variability (60% inter-instrument variance) followed by the VT (10% inter-instrument variance). The research-grade pedometers were the least variable (0 - 1% inter-instrument variance). At 4.80 km.hr-1, all research- grade pedometers measured within a 10% margin of error compared with the 90% of VT units and 42% of KL units. The VT was significantly more resistant to nonambulatory signals than the DW (p < 0.01). The KL was the most variable in its response to non-ambulatory signals while the NL was the most consistent. The MTI detected the most non-ambulatory signals (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The KL should not be used as a promotional pedometer. The VT achieved the minimum standards required of a promotional pedometer. Further testing is required for longevity, and performance under free-living conditions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (3) 2006: pp. 67-78
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Lempesis, Vasileios, Daniel Jerrhag, Björn E. Rosengren, Lennart Landin, Carl Johan Tiderius e Magnus K. Karlsson. "Pediatric Distal Forearm Fracture Epidemiology in Malmö, Sweden—Time Trends During Six Decades". Journal of Wrist Surgery 08, n. 06 (12 luglio 2019): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692471.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background The distal forearm fracture is the most common fracture in children. To allocate health care resources and evaluate if prevention strategies have been successful, it is essential to monitor changes in the epidemiology of common fractures. Methods Our hospital serves a city in which year 2006 included 276,244 inhabitants (49,664 <17 years of age). Through the hospital archives, we identified fractures sustained by individuals younger than 16 years during 2005 and 2006 and compared these with previous collected and published data from the same area and hospital for the period 1950 to 1994. We used official population data to estimate period-specific fracture rates and age and gender standardized time trends. We report rates as number of fractures per 100,000 person-years and changes between periods as rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We identified 521 distal forearm fractures, corresponding to a crude fracture incidence of 564/100,000 person-years (boys 719; girls 401). Age-adjusted fracture incidence was 70% higher in boys than in girls (RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3–2.3). The age- and gender-adjusted hand fracture incidence was 40% higher in 2005–2006 than in 1950/1955 (RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8) but no higher than 1993–1994 (RR 1.1; 95% CI 0.9–1.3). Fracture etiology of 2005 to 2006 included sports injuries in 41% and traffic accidents in 11% of the cases, while sports injuries explained 37% and traffic accidents 18% in 1950 to 1955. Conclusion In 2005 to 2006, we found higher rates in boys and higher overall rates compared with the 1950s but no significant differences compared with the rates in 1993 to 1994. Future studies should include patient-specific data to unravel causal factors. Level of evidence This is a Level III b study.