Articoli di riviste sul tema "370.15/2"

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of feed ingredients with different protein-to-fat ratios on growth, slaughter performance and meat quality of Small-Tail Han lambs. Forty-five Small-Tail Han lambs (♂) (BW = 34.00 ± 2.5 kg, age = 120 ± 9 d) were randomly divided into groups with three different experimental treatments: (1) PF 5, with the ratio of protein to fat (CP:EE) of 50 to 5; (2) PF10, CP: EE = 50:10; (3) PF20, CP: EE = 50:20. Each treatment group had 15 lambs, and each sheep was a repeat. This experiment lasted for 65 days, with feed intake recorded daily, and animals being weighed on days 0, 30, and 65. At the conclusion of the experiment, eight lambs from each group were slaughtered to assess slaughter performance and meat quality. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of the three groups were 315.27, 370.15 and 319.42 g/d, respectively. The PF10 group had the highest ADG (370.15 g) (p < 0.05). Forestomach weights (1216.88 g) of the PF10 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in fat percentages in various parts of body among treatments. Feed conversion of the PF10 group was higher (p < 0.05) than that of PF 5 and PF 20 groups. Furthermore, the PF10 group had a higher (p > 0.05) carcass weight and slaughter rate and there were few differences between the other groups in terms of dry matter intake, meat quality, organ weight, and fat deposition (p > 0.05). The protein–energy supplement with protein-to-fat ratio, PF10 appeared to be more desirable to promote the growth and development in Small-Tail Han Lambs.

Single crystals of Cu(pz)Br2 and Cu(pz)Cl2 were grown by using gel methods with tetramethoxysilane as the gel-forming reagent. Thermal decomposition is interpreted. Crystal data for the bromo complex: monoclinic, space group C2/m with a = 1239.2(3) pm, b = 685.9(2) pm, c = 390.7(3) pm, β = 96,23(5)°. Crystal data for the chloro-complex: monoclinic, space group C2/m with a = 1197.1(3) pm, b = 684.9(3) pm, c = 370.1(3) pm, β = 95.96(5)°. Crystal structure analyses reveal that CuHal2 molecules are bonded by pyrazine to form linear chains. These chains are cross-linked by bridging halogen atoms.

Wearable devices in sports have been used at the professional and higher collegiate levels, but not much research has been conducted at lower collegiate division levels. The objective of this retrospective study was to gather big data using the Catapult wearable technology, develop an algorithm for musculoskeletal modeling, and longitudinally determine the workloads of male college soccer (football) athletes at the Division III (DIII) level over the course of a 12-week season. The results showed that over the course of a season, (1) the average match workload (432 ± 47.7) was 1.5× greater than the average training workload (252.9 ± 23.3) for all positions, (2) the forward position showed the lowest workloads throughout the season, and (3) the highest mean workload was in week 8 (370.1 ± 177.2), while the lowest was in week 4 (219.1 ± 26.4). These results provide the impetus to enable the interoperability of data gathered from wearable devices into data management systems for optimizing performance and health.

This study aims to determine the quantitative characteristics of the crossbreed Bali cattle with several male breeds such as the Ongole, Limousine, and Simmental breeds. The method used in this research is the observation method in the form of direct observation in the field and measurement of cattle. A total of 30 adult cattle aged 1.5-2 years, consisting of 10 heads each (5 males and 5 females) crosses through Artificial Insemination (AI) of Bali cattle using frozen semen of Ongole breed bulls (POBAL), Limousin (LIMBAL) and Simmental (SIMBAL). The results showed that POBAL cattle had an average body length of 114.4-116.0 cm, chest circumference 179.4-220.0 cm, shoulder height 126.2-143.8 cm, and body weight 407.15-586.84 kg . LIMBAL cattle have an average body length ranging from 129.4-151.2 cm, chest circumference 170.4-191.8 cm, shoulder height 123.0-151.6 cm, and body weight 370.184-457.122 kg. While the average body length for SIMBAL cattle ranges from 159.8-180.0 cm, chest circumference 166.6-219.8 cm, shoulder height 125.8-154.1 cm, and body weight 356.662-584.678 kg.

Research has been conducted on the manufacture of PLA Coir Bentonite composites. This study aims to examine the effect of PLA on mechanical strength with the addition of coir and bentonite fillers from North Aceh and Central Aceh. The sample formulations used were single polymer PLA/Coir and PLA/Coir with variations of filler Bentonite Aceh Utara and Aceh Tengah with 2, 4, 6 and 8% respectively. The combination of PCa samples showed the highest bacterial colony growth rate, which was more than 100 colonies/gram during the 1 week testing period. In the PBATd filler mixture sample, the maximum bacterial test value was 65 colonies/gram and the minimum value contained in the PBAUa sample was 105 colonies/gram. The best tensile strength was obtained in the PBATc sample, namely 65 MPa. PBATd samples began to degrade at 370.15oC compared to PCa samples degraded at 280.21oC. While the PBAUa sample began to degrade at a temperature of 282.11oC. The surface structure of the PCa sample is more homogeneous because there is no bentonite filler mixture, but it is brittle and crumbles easily. For the PBATd sample, the surface structure is smoother and more homogeneous compared to the PBAUa sample.

The Mount Pleasant granite-related polymetallic deposit, located on the southwestern margin of the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Mount Pleasant Caldera Complex in southwestern New Brunswick, contains a significant resource of tin, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, indium, and bismuth. The Caldera Complex comprises Intracaldera, Exocaldera, and Late Caldera-Fill sequences and associated subvolcanic granitic rocks. Three granitic phases of the Mount Pleasant Granitic Suite (Granite I, II, and III) are recognized in the vicinity of the Mount Pleasant deposit and are interpreted to be fractionates of the more regionally exposed McDougall Brook Granitic Suite. Granite I and Granite II are associated with tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth, and tin-zinc-indium mineralization, respectively. Despite extensive research within the Caldera Complex, the exact age of mineralization at Mount Pleasant has never been firmly established. An inferred age of 363 ± 2 Ma was based on the proposed synchronicity of the U-Pb dated Bailey Rock Rhyolite of the Exocaldera Sequence with that of the undated McDougall Brook Granitic Suite, which intrudes the Intracaldera Sequence. Here, we present Re-Os dating of two molybdenite samples associated with the tungsten mineralization related to Granite I at the Fire Tower Zone, that constrain the initial onset of mineralization at Mount Pleasant to be between 369.7±1.6 Ma and 370.1±1.7 Ma. The new Re-Os ages clearly indicate that the McDougall Brook Granitic Suite, which pre-dates mineralization, must be at least seven million years older than the Bailey Rock Rhyolite, whose type-section is located within the Exocaldera Sequence. A re-examination of the gradational relationship between the McDougall Brook Granitic Suite and purported rocks of Bailey Rock Rhyolite within the Intracaldera Sequence revealed that the latter should instead be assigned to the Seelys Formation. Thus, deposition of the polymetallic mineralization likely took place contemporaneously with caldera collapse and an early phase of resurgent doming in response to degassing of the magma chamber rather than being coincident with erosion of the volcanic edifice as inferred from previous modeling of the eruptive history at Mount Pleasant.

It has been demonstrated that athletes in competitive sports suffer from high levels of competitive anxiety, especially in the case of females. In this sense, it is necessary to identify possible risk and protective factors of those athletes in this collective who suffer from this type of anxiety. However, few studies analyze the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and anxiety, identifying the possible mediation effect of trait variables such as impulsivity and mindfulness in female athletes. Hence, the aims of this study were: to determine differences between PA levels with anxiety, mindfulness, and impulsiveness; to identify the predictive value of sociodemographic factors and physical activity, impulsivity, and mindfulness on anxiety factors; and to analyze the possible mediating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between impulsivity and anxiety. A total of 242 female athletes underwent an assessment of physical activity, anxiety, mindfulness traits, and impulsivity using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed according to (1) individual or collective sport, and (2) PA levels according to energy expended (METs min/day). Participants were grouped by light, moderate, and vigorous PA levels. There were 30.5% elite athletes and 73.2% collective sports athletes. Mean age was 22.1 years and mean light, moderate, and vigorous PA were 86.1 ± 136.2, 114.4 ± 159.8, and 370.1 ± 336.3 METs min/day, respectively. Those athletes performing vigorous PA exhibited lower levels of impulsiveness and higher mindfulness traits. As expected, the mindfulness trait was a mediating factor in the relationship between impulsiveness and each factor of competitive anxiety (cognitive, somatic, and self-efficacy). Female athletes could suffer competitive anxiety, especially those who present higher levels of impulsivity. However, higher levels of mindfulness traits seem to be a protective factor in the effects of impulsivity on anxiety in this population and have demonstrated to be significant mediators in this association. Further studies are needed with other female athletes to replicate these results and to determine the specific protective mechanisms of mindfulness traits in preventing competitive anxiety.

Abstract. Atmospheric airborne measurements of CO2 are very well-suited to estimate the time varying distribution of carbon sources and sinks at the regional scale. We present here an analysis of two cross-European airborne campaigns that have been carried out on 23–26 May 2001 (CAATER 1) and 2–3 October 2002 (CAATER 2) over Western Europe. The area covered during CAATER 1 (respectively CAATER 2) was comprised between longitude 4° W to 14° E and latitude 44° N to 52° N (respectively longitude 1° E to 17° E and latitude 46° N to 52° N). High precision in-situ CO2, CO and Radon 222 measurements have been recorded. Flasks samples have been collected during both campaigns to cross-validate the in-situ data. During CAATER 1 (respectively CAATER 2), the mean CO2 concentration was 370.1±4 ppm (respectively 371.7±5 ppm). A HYSPLIT backtrajectories analysis shows that during CAATER 1, dominant winds were blowing from the north-west. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL) airmasses got contaminated over Benelux and Western Germany by pollution from these high urbanized areas, reaching about 380 ppm. Air masses passing over rural areas are depleted in CO2 because of the photosynthesis activity of the land cover vegetation, as low as 355 ppm. During CAATER 2, the backtrajectory analysis shows that airmasses were distributed among the 4 sectors. Airmasses got enriched in CO2 and CO when passing above polluted spots in Germany but also in Poland, as these countries are known to hold part of the most polluting plants based on coal consumption, the so-called "dirty thirty" from WWF. Simultaneous measurements of in-situ CO2 and CO combined to backtrajectories helped us to discriminate the role of fossil fuel emissions from over CO2 sources. The ΔCO/ΔCO2 ratios (R2=0.33 to 0.88, slopes=2.42 to 10.37), calculated for polluted airmasses originating from different countries/regions, matched quite well national inventories, showing that the airborne measurements can help to identify the role of fossil fuel sources even several days/hundreds of kms further in the PBL. CO2 observations have been compared to surrounding ground stations measurements, confirming that the stations located near the ground (ex. CBW, WES, HUN) are representative of the local scale, while those located in the free troposphere (FT) are representative of atmospheric CO2 on a regional scale of a few hundred kilometers (ex. CMN). Stations located several 100 km away measure CO2 concentrations different from a few ppm, indicating the existence of a gradient of a few ppm in the free troposphere. Observations at stations located on top of small mountains (ex. SCH, PUY) match or not the airborne data whether they sample air from the FT or air coming up from the valley. Finally, the analysis of the CO2 vertical variability conducted on the 14 profiles recorded per campaign shows that is at least 5 to 8 times higher in the PBL (4 ppm and 5.7 ppm for CAATER 1 and CAATER 2, respectively) than in the FT (0.5 ppm and 1.1 ppm for CAATER 1 and CAATER 2, respectively). The CO2 jump between the PBL and the FT equals 3.7 ppm for the first campaign and −0.3 ppm for the second campaign. A very striking zonal CO2 gradient of about 11 ppm could be observed in the mid-troposphere during CAATER 2, with higher concentrations in the West than in the East. This gradient could originate from differences in atmospheric mixing, ground emission rates or a earlier beginning of the Fall in the west. More airborne campaigns are currently under analysis in the framework of the CARBOEUROPE-IP project to better assess the role of these different hypothesis. In a companion paper (Xueref-Remy et al., 2010), a comparison of vertical profiles from observations and several modeling frameworks is conducted for both campaigns. An attempt to calculate CO2 fluxes during CAATER 1 using CO2 and Radon-222 observations and modeling tools is also carried out.

Abstract. Atmospheric airborne measurements of CO2 are very well suited for estimating the time-varying distribution of carbon sources and sinks at the regional scale due to the large geographical area covered over a short time. We present here an analysis of two cross-European airborne campaigns carried out on 23–26 May 2001 (CAATER-1) and 2–3 October 2002 (CAATER-2) over Western Europe. The area covered during CAATER-1 and CAATER-2 was 4° W to 14° E long; 44° N to 52° N lat and 1° E to 17° E long; 46° N to 52° N lat respectively. High precision in situ CO2, CO and Radon 222 measurements were recorded. Flask samples were collected during both campaigns to cross-validate the in situ data. During CAATER-1 and CAATER-2, the mean CO2 concentration was 370.1 ± 4.0 (1-σ standard deviation) ppm and 371.7 ± 5.0 (1-σ) ppm respectively. A HYSPLIT back-trajectories analysis shows that during CAATER 1, northwesterly winds prevailed. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL) air masses became contaminated over Benelux and Western Germany by emissions from these highly urbanized areas, reaching about 380 ppm. Air masses passing over rural areas were depleted in CO2 because of the photosynthesis activity of the vegetation, with observations as low as 355 ppm. During CAATER-2, the back-trajectory analysis showed that air masses were distributed among the 4 sectors. Air masses were enriched in CO2 and CO over anthropogenic emission spots in Germany but also in Poland, as these countries have part of the most CO2-emitting coal-based plants in Europe. Simultaneous measurements of in situ CO2 and CO combined with back-trajectories helped us to distinguish between fossil fuel emissions and other CO2 sources. The ΔCO/ΔCO2 ratios (R2 = 0.33 to 0.88, slopes = 2.42 to 10.37), calculated for anthropogenic-influenced air masses over different countries/regions matched national inventories quite well, showing that airborne measurements can help to identify the origin of fossil fuel emissions in the PBL even when distanced by several days/hundreds of kms from their sources. We have compared airborne CO2 observations to nearby ground station measurements and thereby, confirmed that measurements taken in the lower few meters of the PBL (low-level ground stations) are representative of the local scale, while those located in the free troposphere (FT) (moutain stations) are representative of atmospheric CO2 regionally on a scale of a few hundred kilometers. Stations located several 100 km away from each other differ from a few ppm in their measurements indicating the existence of a gradient within the free troposphere. Observations at stations located on top of small mountains may match the airborne data if the sampled air comes from the FT rather than coming up from the valley. Finally, the analysis of the CO2 vertical variability conducted on the 14 profiles recorded in each campaign shows a variability at least 5 to 8 times higher in the PBL (the 1-σ standard deviation associated to the CO2 mean of all profiles within the PBL is 4.0 ppm and 5.7 ppm for CAATER-1 and CAATER-2, respectively) than in the FT (within the FT, 1-σ is 0.5 ppm and 1.1 ppm for CAATER-1 and CAATER-2, respectively). The CO2 jump between the PBL and the FT equals 3.7 ppm for the first campaign and −0.3 ppm for the second campaign. A very striking zonal CO2 gradient of about 11 ppm was observed in the mid-PBL during CAATER-2, with higher concentrations in the west than in the east. This gradient may originate from differences in atmospheric mixing, ground emission rates or Autumn's earlier start in the west. More airborne campaigns are currently under analysis in the framework of the CARBOEUROPE-IP project to better assess the likelihood of these different hypotheses. In a companion paper (Xueref-Remy et al., 2011, Part 2), a comparison of vertical profiles from observations and several modeling frameworks was conducted for both campaigns.

Abstract Background: Gene expression profiling (GEP) is increasingly being integrated into clinical practice for prognostication of multiple myeloma. MyPRSTM utilizes the 70-gene panel with survival data derived from cohorts of myeloma patients treated under intensive clinical trial regimens including tandem transplants. We aim to validate and expand the prognostic impact of GEP characterization of myeloma in patients treated with various anti-myeloma therapies at a single academic center. Methods: MyPRSTM GEP analysison bone marrow aspirate sampleswas performed on 417 multiple myeloma patients atMoffitt Cancer Center who had bone marrow examination at different phases in the course of their disease. Myeloma risk prognostication was conducted based on the risk classification (cutoff of score 45.2), risk score (0-100), and molecular subtyping. Trend (Jonckheere-Terpstra) test was performed to evaluate the associations of GEP scores and molecular subtypes. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method from the time of GEP analysis and OS curves were compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were built for OS. Results: Median age was 62 (range, 21-86), majority of patients were male (57.6%) and 71 patients (17%) had high-risk disease based on GEP with a median score of 30.7 (range, 8.7-99.4). Median time from myeloma diagnosis to GEP was 15.8 (range, 0.1-370.1) months. Molecular subtypes werehyperdiploidy(HY) 25.2%, cycle family (CD)-2 21.1%, low bone disease (LB) 17.5%, proliferation (PR) 13.4%, MMSET associated (MS) 9.8%, MAF associated (MF) 7.7%, and CD-1 5.1%. There was an increasing trend of higher GEP scores among various molecular subtypes from CD to PR (p<0.001). OS estimates for all patients were 75% (95%CI: 70-81%) at 2 years. OS was significantly inferior in patients with high-risk by GEP, 51% (95%CI: 69-37%) vs. 80% (95%CI: 86-75%) at 2 years regardless of disease status (Figure 1, p<0.001). Molecular subtypes predicted OS (p<0.001). When MF, MS and PR subtypes were combined, they had inferior OS compared to others (p<0.001): 67% (95%CI: 58-77%) vs. 90% (95%CI: 87-94%), 53% (95%CI: 43-66%) vs. 85% (95%CI: 80-90%), and 43% (95%CI: 31-60%) vs. 76% (68%-85%) at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. When patients were re-classified based on the median GEP score of 30.69, OS was significantly worse for those with GEP scores higher than the median (n=209, p<0.001, Figure 2). When patients were divided into 4 categories ([1] scores 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-100, or [2] quartiles), both were predictive of distinct survival groups (p<0.001 for both, Figure 2). In multivariate analyses fitting the models with GEP score, GEP risk groups and molecular subtypes, GEP score (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.07, p<0.001) and GEP risk group (HR 2.39, 95%CI: 1.45-3.95, p<0.001) were the independent predictors of inferior OS. Conclusions: Analysis of GEP in myeloma patients irrespective of disease status treated at a single academic institution validates the prognostic significance based on 70-gene GEP score, risk groups and molecular subtyping. Although less robust, GEP risk re-classification with a new threshold value based on the median also demonstrates prognostic significance. Interestingly, parsing of the GEP-70 score by separating patients into different GEP score groups (either in 20-point increments or quartiles) results in distinct groups with distinct survival characteristics suggesting powerful prognostic value of GEP analysis. To this end, a higher GEP score was associated with a worse prognostic score even within the same GEP risk classification. These data indicate the potential for the development of a new risk classification based on GEP score into 4 risk groups. Increased numbers of patients will be required to validate the potential of these score-based risk classifications. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that GEP score remains a powerful prognostic tool regardless of the disease setting. Figure 1 (OS by GEP risk: high vs. low) Figure 1. (OS by GEP risk: high vs. low) Figure 2 (OS by new GEP score cut-off of 30.7) Figure 2. (OS by new GEP score cut-off of 30.7) Figure 3 Figure 3. Disclosures Nishihori: Signal Genetics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Baz:Novartis: Research Funding; Takeda/Millennium: Research Funding; Signal Genetics: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding. Van Laar:Signal Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Bender:Signal Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Alsina:Signal Genetics: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Takeda/Millennium: Research Funding; Amgen/Onyx: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Shain:Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Amgen/Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Takeda/Millennium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Signal Genetics: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Цель исследования. Представить сравнительный анализ течения COVID-19 и гриппа у госпитализированных пациентов в сезон 2022–2023 гг. Материалы и методы. Выполнен ретроспективный анализ 156 медицинских карт взрослых пациентов, госпитализированных в инфекционный стационар с ноября 2022 г. по март 2023 г., которые были выписаны с выздоровлением. Среди них с диагнозом «грипп» (1-я группа) было 63 пациента (женщин – 49 (77,8%), мужчин – 14 (22,2%)), с диагнозом COVID-19 (2-я группа) – 93 пациента (женщин – 41 (44,1%), мужчин – 52 (55,9%)). Статистический анализ выполнен с использованием пакета Statistica, v. 10. Результаты. Госпитализированные пациенты с COVID-19 были значительно старше пациентов с гриппом – 68 (60; 75) и 35 (28,5; 42) лет соответственно, p<0,05, у них чаще имелись сопутствующая патология сердечно-сосудистой системы – 80 (86,02%) и 5 (7,94%), p<0,05, мочевыделительной системы – 31 (33,33%) и 9 (14,29%), p<0,05, а также ожирение – 28 (30,11%) и 4 (6,35%), p<0,05, соответственно. Несмотря на то, что охват вакцинацией от COVID-19 был достоверно выше среди пациентов с COVID-19 (15,05%), по сравнению с вакцинацией от гриппа среди пациентов с гриппом (7,94%), p<0,05, заболевание протекало тяжелее у пациентов с COVID-19, так, у них чаще выявлялась пневмония – 79 (84,95%) и 2 (3,17%), p<0,05, дыхательная недостаточность – 61 (65,59%) и 0, p<0,05, соответственно, лечение в отделении реанимации и анестезиологии потребовалось 10,7% пациентов с COVID-19. У пациентов с COVID-19 по сравнению с пациентами с гриппом установлены более выраженные изменения в лабораторных анализах по таким показателям, как СОЭ – 17 (9; 31) и 11 (7,75; 15,25), p<0,05, C-реактивный белок – 58,9 (24,4; 99,9) и 8 (1,75; 35,5), p<0,05, ЛДГ – 474,83 (370,14; 683) и 267 (240; 348), p<0,05, ферритин – 475 (201,75; 625,75) и 106 (75,5; 106), p<0,05, креатинин – 87,55 (72,93; 103,95) и 77,15 (62,05; 85,6), p<0,05, соответственно. Противовирусная терапия осельтамивиром чаще использовалась в группе пациентов с гриппом по сравнению с терапией ремдесивиром у пациентов с COVID-19 (52 (82,54%) и 65 (69,89%) соответственно, p<0,05). В группе пациентов c COVID-19 противовоспалительная терапия глюкокортикостероидами проводилась у 76 (81,72%) пациентов, антицитокиновыми средствами: тоцилизумабом – у 36 (38,71%), левилимабом – у 20 (21,51%), барицитинибом – у 38 (40,86%) пациентов. Антибактериальная терапия назначалась 18 (19,35%) пациентам с COVID-19 и не использовалась у пациентов с гриппом. Заключение. У госпитализированных пациентов в сезон 2022–2023 гг. инфекция COVID-19 протекала более тяжело и длительно, чем грипп, им требовалось проведение более интенсивного лечения с использованием противовирусных, иммуносупрессивных, противовоспалительных средств, антибактериальных препаратов. Необходимы постоянный эпиднадзор и вакцинация против этих социально значимых инфекционных заболеваний, особенно в группах риска по возникновению тяжелых форм заболеваний. The purpose of the study. To present a comparative analysis of the course of COVID-19 and influenza in hospitalized patients in the 2022–2023 season. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 156 medical records of adult patients hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital from November 2022 to March 2023 was performed who was discharged with recovery. Among them, 63 patients were diagnosed with influenza (group 1) (49 women (77.8%), 14 men (22.2%), 93 patients with COVID-19 (group 2) – women – 41 (44.1%), men – 52 (55.9%). Statistical analysis was performed using the "Statistica" package, v. 10. Results. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were significantly older than patients with influenza 35 (28.5; 42) vs. 68 (60; 75) years, p<0.05, they more often had concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular system – 5 (7.94%) vs. 80 (86.02%), p<0.05, urinary system – 9 (14.29%) vs. 31 (33.33%), p<0.05, and obesity 4 (6.35%) vs. 28 (30.11%), p<0.05, respectively. Although coverage with COVID-19 vaccination was significantly higher among patients with COVID-19 (15.05%) compared with influenza vaccination among patients with influenza (7.94%), p<0.05, the disease was more severe in patients with COVID-19, as they were more likely to have pneumonia – 79 (84.95%) vs. 2 (3.17%), p<0.05, respiratory failure – 61 (65.59%) vs. 0, p<0.05, respectively, 10.7% of patients with COVID-19 required treatment in the intensive care unit and anesthesiology. In patients with COVID-19, compared with patients with influenza, more pronounced changes in laboratory tests were established in terms of such indicators as ESR – 17 (9; 31) vs. 11 (7.75; 15.25), p<0.05, C-reactive protein – 58.9 (24.4; 99.9) vs. 8 (1.75; 35.5), p<0.05, LDH – 474.83 (370.14; 683) vs. 267 (240; 348), p<0.05, ferritin – 475 (201.75; 625.75) vs. 106 (75.5; 106), p<0.05, creatinine – 87.55 (72.93; 103.95) vs. 77.15 (62.05; 85.6), p<0.05, respectively. Antiviral therapy with oseltamivir was used more frequently in the influenza group compared with remdesivir in patients with COVID-19 (52 (82.54%) vs. 65 (69.89%), respectively, p<0.05). In the group of patients with COVID-19, anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticosteroids was performed in 76 (81.72%) patients, anti-cytokine treatment with tocilizumab – in 36 (38.71%), levilimab – in 20 (21.51%), baricitinib – in 38 (40.86%) of patients. Antibacterial therapy was performed in 18 (19.35%) patients with COVID-19 and was not used in patients with influenza. Conclusion. In hospitalized patients in the 2022–2023 season COVID-19 was more severe and longer than the flu, they needed more intensive treatment with the use of antiviral, immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs. Constant surveillance and vaccination against these socially significant infectious diseases are necessary, especially in groups at risk for the occurrence of severe forms of the disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of iron sand on the K-300 concrete compressive strength. Iron sand added with a variation of 2-4% using cube-shaped specimens with dimensions of 15 × 15 × 15 cm as many as 27 samples consisting of 3 variations, each with 9 samples, concrete quality tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed the compressive strength of normal concrete characteristics at 3 days of age was 238.76 Kg / cm2, 7 days was 270.64 Kg / cm2, and 28 days was 370.16 Kg / cm2, the addition of iron sand was 2% at 3 days amounting to 192.33 Kg / cm2 with an effect of -6.11%, 7 days amounting to 262.14 Kg / cm2with an effect of -3.87%, 28 days at 314.77 Kg / cm2 with an influence of -11.8%, addition of iron sand 3% at 3 days at 207.88 Kg / cm2 with an effect of -14.65 %, 7 days amounting to 262.28 Kg / cm2 with an effect of -4.94%, 28 days at 296.64 Kg / cm2 with influenceat -16.8%, the addition of 4% iron sand at 3 days at 178.06 Kg / cm2 with an effect of -14.97%, 7 days at 236.13 Kg / cm2 with an effect of -10.3% 28 days at 264.58 Kg / cm2 with an effect of -26.2%. based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the more iron sand we use, the more there is a decrease in the concrete compressive strength

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare form of small-vessel vasculitis that typically causes rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without alveolar haemorrhage. Previously, there has only been one reported case of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist-induced anti-GBM disease. Here, we describe the first reported case of etanercept-induced anti-GBM disease. A 55-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our tertiary specialist renal centre with a history of painless macroscopic haematuria. The patient has been receiving weekly etanercept injections over the past 12 months for psoriatic arthropathy. The serum immunology panel results highlighted a significantly raised anti-GBM titre (370.1 U). Etanercept was stopped, and the patient was empirically commenced on pulsed methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and plasma exchange. A renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis. Few days after admission, he tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and a decision was made to withhold cyclophosphamide. There was further decline in renal function with hyperkalaemia for which he received 2 sessions of haemodialysis. He was restarted on cyclophosphamide upon discharge. The patient was switched to rituximab treatment afterwards as he developed leucopenia 2 weeks following the commencement of cyclophosphamide. The serum creatinine level continued to improve and remained dialysis-independent. In conclusion, with the increased use of etanercept and other TNF-α antagonists, the prescribing clinician must be aware of the rare but life-threatening drug-induced vasculitis. We recommend careful monitoring of renal indices with the use of this class of medications.

Background: In July 2015, the FDA approved the use of sacubitril/ valsartan in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction. It was shown in a large clinical trial to reduce the risk of both hospitalization and death compared with enalapril, and has since received a class I recommendation for use in the 2016 ACC/ AHA HF guidelines. However, the use of sacubitril/ valsartan in a clinical practice has not been described. We aimed to assess the uptake and cost of sacubitril/ valsartan in its first year following FDA approval. Methods: Using a large U.S. insurance database, we identified privately insured and Medicare Advantage (MA) patients who filled a first prescription for sacubitril/ valsartan between July 1, 2015 and July 31, 2016. We restricted to persons with medical and pharmacy enrollment for 6 months prior to first fill. For reference, we identified all individuals with a diagnosis of HF on a billing claim (ICD9 428.X or ICD-10 I50.X) in the same time period. Results: There were 314,410 individuals with a diagnosis of HF in the study period. In total, 972 filled a new prescription for sacubitril/ valsartan, and the number of new users steadily increased over time (Figure). The mean age of sacubitril/ valsartan users was 68.1±12.3 years, 32.5% were women, 61.1% were white, and 77% were enrolled in MA plans. Most prescribing clinicians were cardiologists (82.5%). A majority of prescription costs were covered by the health plan (mean $324.05, median $335.38, interquartile range [IQR] $266.56-$370.10). Out-of-pocket (OOP) costs per 30-day prescription filled were variable (mean $101.53, median $45.00, IQR $7.40-$97.49), and were similar in beneficiaries enrolled in MA and commercial plans. By comparison, median OOP costs were $2-4 for lisinopril, losartan, carvedilol, and spironolactone per 30-day prescription. Discussion: These finding suggest that the uptake of sacubitril/ valsartan has been slow in the first year after FDA approval. While the majority of prescription costs are covered by the health plan, OOP costs are still much higher than other guideline-recommended HF medications. Further studies are needed to determine if uptake of sacubril/ valsartan continues to rise and if the higher prescription cost is associated with lower downstream costs of hospitalization and mortality benefit.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan metode penyetaraan tes dengan teori respons butir yang paling akurat. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian keakuratan metode penyetaraan tes, terlebih dahulu dilakukan: 1) Pemeriksaan setara atau tidaknya perangkat tes, 2) Penemuan persamaan konversi antarpaket soal yang tidak setara dan 3) Estimasi parameter butir. Penentuan metode penyetaraan tes yang akurat didasarkan pada besarnya kesalahan standar penyetaraan (SEE); yang paling akurat adalah metode penyetaraan tes yang mempunyai SEE paling kecil. Dalam penelitian ini, terdapat dua macam objek penelitian yaitu paket soal dan jawaban peserta EBTANAS. Soal EBTANAS terdiri dari 3 paket soal utama, 1 paket soal susulan, dan 1 paket soal cadangan. Peserta EBTANAS SLTP di Jawa Tengah Tahun Ajaran 1998/1999 terdiri dari 370.187 siswa. Teknik Purposive Sampling digunakan untuk menentukan sampel paket soal, yaitu ketiga paket soal utama terpilih sebagai sampel penelitian. Teknik Cluster Stratified Systematic Random Sampling digunakan untuk menentukan sampel jawaban peserta EBTANAS. Jawaban peserta sebanyak 8.251, terpilih sebagai sampel penelitian. Paket soal EBTANAS SLTP bidang studi Matematika dan data jawaban peserta tes, diperoleh melalui pengambilan data dokumentasi. Keparalelan tes diuji dengan analisis varians, uji Scheffe, dan uji Levene. Penyetaraan tes dilakukan dengan metode: Rerata dan Sigma, Rerata dan Sigma Tegar, dan Kurva Karakteristik. Estimasi parameter butir dilakukan dengan analisis program Bilog. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, pasangan paket soal utama-1 dan 2 serta pasangan paket soal utama-1 dan 3 tidak paralel, sehingga diperlukan proses penyetaraan. Pasangan paket soal utama-2 dan paket soal utama-3 bersifat paralel. Oleh karena itu tidak diperlukan proses penyetaraan. Penyetaraan paket soal utama-1 ke paket soal utama-2, dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma didapatkan persamaan konversi X2 - 1,19495 X] + 0,25766; dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma Tegar, X2 = 0,71710 Xi - 0,00081, sedangkan dengan metode Kurva Karakteristik, X2 = 1,05199 Xt + 0,03012. Penyetaraan paket soal utama-1 ke paket soal utama-3, dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma didapatkan persamaan konversi X3 = 1,49581 Xj + 0,42366; dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma Tegar, X3 = 0,60018 X] - 0,00157, sedangkan dengan metode Kurva Karakteristik diperoleh persamaan konversi X3 = 1,05391 Xt + 0,03232. Penyetaraan paket soal utama-1 ke paket soal utama-2, dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma didapatkan nilai SEE - 0,030574, dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma Tegar, SEE = 0,04933, dan dengan metode Kurva Karakteristik, SEE8 0,032968. Penyetaraan paket soal utama-1 ke paket soal utama-3, dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma didapatkan nilai SEE = 0,045906, dengan metode Rerata dan Sigma Tegar SEE= 0,106431, dan dengan metode Kurva Karakteristik SEE -0,05585. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan, metode Rerata dan Sigma merupakan metode paling akurat, diikuti metode Kurva Karakteristik, dan metode Rerata dan Sigma Tegar.

The Kohat Basin (KB) lies on the Himalayan Foothills and is of scientific importance as it directly recorded the closure of the Tethys Sea and the Himalayan collision between India, Asia, and a number of other small plates. During the Eocene, after the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates terminated the Tethys Sea, thick-bedded marine evaporite sequences developed in the KB. In this study, we combined mineralogy, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and chlorine stable isotope compositions to discuss the origin and evolution of the KB Eocene halite deposits with the ultimate objective of defining the paleoclimate that was prevailing in Asia during the Eocene. Our results showed that halite samples were SO42− rich (225–370.103 ppm) and Br− poor (&lt;3 ppm). Cl−, B+, Mg2+, K+, SO42− and very low Br concentrations as well as the (Br/Cl) ratios indicated that halite resulted of a mixture of solutions with variable compositions and that dissolution, recrystallization and a progressive decrease in dolomitization were the mechanisms leading to the formation of these evaporites. A Br/Cl vs Cl plot revealed that the end members involved were: seawater (sw), saline waters and/or freshwaters. The recrystallization process prevented identifying the primary structures and primary fluid-inclusions. Most of Cl isotope compositions (−0.54‰&lt;δ37Cl &lt; 0.83‰) were within the usual range (0 ± 0.5‰) associated to seawater as the initial source for the halite. The higher isotope compositions (δ37Cl ≥ 0.83‰) comforted the hypothesis of the genesis by mixing of solutions of different origins as well as the involvement of recrystallization. Based on our results, we are proposing the following to explain the regional paleoclimate sequence: 1) shallow water conditions; 2) halite precipitation induced by evaporation, 3) unstable paleoclimatic conditions that resulted in the morphing from an evaporite basin into a terrestrial foreland basin. All these events were controlled by regional tectonic and linked to both the overall uplift times of the NW Indian Craton and the Eocene thermal maximum one during the Eocene-Oligocene period.

Objectives: The chondrotoxic effects of methylprednisolone acetate (MP) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) have been well described. Prior studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent chondrotoxic effect of intra articular (IA) steroids starting at 7 mg for MP and 18 mg for TA. However, the effects of these steroids on the mechanical properties of articular cartilage are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of a single one-hour MP or TA exposure on the viability, mechanics, and biochemical content of native articular cartilage explants. Methods: Articular cartilage explants (n=6 per group) were harvested from the femoral condyle of the bovine stifle. Explants were exposed to chondrogenic medium containing a clinical dose of MP or TA for one hour, followed by fresh medium wash and exchange. Explants in the negative control group underwent the same treatment with chondrogenic medium alone. At t=24 hours post-treatment, samples were assessed for viability (live/dead), mechanical properties (creep indentation and Instron tensile testing), biochemical (collagen and glycosaminoglycan) content, and pyridinoline cross linking via mass spectrometry. Results: Mean cell viability was significantly decreased in native explants exposed to MP (35.5%) compared to control (49.8%, p < 0.001) and TA (45.7%, p = 0.003) (Figure 1). There was significant weakening of mechanical properties of steroid-treated native explants when compared to control (Figure 2), with decreases in aggregate modulus (646.3 kPa vs 312.8 kPa [MP] and 257.0 kPa [TA), p < 0.001), shear modulus (370.1 kPa vs 191.2 kPa [MP] and 157.4 kPa [TA], p < 0.001), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (9.650 MPa vs 5.648 MPa [MP], p = 0.021 and 6.065 MPa [TA], p = 0.040). The Young’s modulus in TA-exposed native cartilage (7.924 MPa) was significantly lower than MP (12.35 MPa, p = 0.026) exposed explants but not significantly different compared to control (11.97 MPa, p =0.072). No significant differences in collagen and glycosaminoglycan content were found in the steroid-treated groups (Figure 3). Pyridinoline cross linking was significantly decreased in explants exposed to TA compared to control (p = 0.027). Conclusions: The results of this in vitro study suggest that a single clinical dose of MP is chondrotoxic and that a single clinical dose of MP or TA can lead to substantial early decreases in both the tensile and compressive properties of native articular cartilage. The shear modulus of steroid-exposed explants in this study dropped 48-57% compared to healthy control. In human knee cartilage, drops in shear modulus of this magnitude have been correlated with the progression from healthy knee cartilage to ICRS grade 1-2 osteoarthritis. Furthermore, decreases in Young’s modulus by 25-50% have been correlated with the same degree of osteoarthritis, and the Young’s modulus of steroid exposed cartilage dropped an average of 34% in this study. Although there were no detectable changes to the extracellular matrix composition or structure, a single one-hour steroid exposure was enough to cause chondrotoxicity and altered mechanics to native explants 24 hours after exposure, which raises the concern for risk of mechanical failure of the cartilage tissue. Clinicians should be judicious regarding use of intra-articular steroids, particularly in patients with intact healthy articular cartilage.