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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 20 luglio 2024

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1

Dalla Palma, Mauro. "Modelling of cyclic plasticity for austenitic stainless steels 304L, 316L, 316L(N)-IG". Fusion Engineering and Design 109-111 (novembre 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.03.064.

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2

Ahmad Fikri, Agam Muarif, Rizka Mulyawan e Nursakinah. "Analisis Tegangan Pada Bone Plate Stainless Steel 316L untuk Aplikasi Biomateria". Current Biochemistry 10, n. 1 (1 settembre 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.10.1.3.

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Biomaterial adalah material yang digunakan untuk mengganti struktur biologis yang hilang atau sakit. Material ini harus dapat diterima oleh tubuh. Salah satu biomaterial yang paling banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi bone plate adalah stainless steel 316L. Saat diaplikasikan pada tubuh pasien, material ini akan mendapatkan beban sejajar permukaan. Beban ini merupakan beban yang cukup dominan diterima oleh bone plate stainless steel 316L. Beban yang diterima bone plate stainless steel 316L akan berubah dan bervariasi. Sehingga perlu dilakukan simulasi tegangan degan memberikan gaya tekan pada bone plate stainless steel 316L. Simulasi tegangan dilakukan dengan menggambar dan menganalisis tegangan dengan menggunakan Autodesk Fusion 360. Selanjutnya material tersebut diberikan beban berupa static load mulai dari 150 N sampai 2300 N. Hasil analisis tegangan menunjukkan distribusi tegangan terdapat ditengah dan ujung bone plate. Regangan dan perubahan bentuk menunjukkan peningkatan seiring dengan kenaikan nilai tegangan. Gaya tekan 150 N sampai 600 N merupakan beban yang aman karena masih dibawah titik luluh 170 MPa. Gaya tekan 700 N sampai 2300 N merupakan beban yang tidak aman karena sudah melebihi titik luluhnya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan material mengalami deformasi plastis dan patah.

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3

Belgroune, Ahlam, Akram Alhussein, Linda Aissani, Mourad Zaabat, Aleksei Obrosov, Christophe Verdy e Cécile Langlade. "Effect of He and N2 gas on the mechanical and tribological assessment of SS316L coating deposited by cold spraying process". Journal of Materials Science 57, n. 8 (febbraio 2022): 5258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-06950-1.

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AbstractIn this study, simulation and experimental methods were used to investigate the influence of cold spray conditions on AISI 316L stainless steel coatings. The effect of both helium and nitrogen gases used was investigated. The temperature, particle sizes of spraying powder, and distance from the nozzle throat to the impinging point were estimated by using the Kinetics Spray Solutions GmbH software. The 316L stainless steel (SS) coatings were examined by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis. The tribological behavior was evaluated under different loads (2 N and 5 N) in dry conditions. It was found that the nitrogen and helium propellant gas with high speed and fine particles led to produce good coatings with dense microstructures. From the nanoindentation experiments, the Young's modulus and hardness of the SS 316L samples were enhanced of about 8% with helium due to the high particle velocity. It was shown that the wear resistance of SS 316L produced with helium was higher than that of the standard SS 316L coatings. The coatings produced with helium revealed lower friction coefficient (0.65) and wear rate (6.9 × 10–4 mm3/Nm) under 2 N applied load than that obtained nitrogen. It was also found that the SS 316L cold sprayed by helium with dense structure presents high hardness and good tribological performance that can be suggested for several applications. Graphical Abstract

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4

Kumar, D. Harish, A. Somi Reddy, P. Parameswaran, T. Jaya Kumar, M. Nandagopal, K. Laha, Panneer Selvi, T. Sakthivel, K. Gururaj e G. Padmanabhan. "Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Laser Weld 316L(N) Stainless Steel". Mechanical Engineering Research 3, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2013): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v3n1p77.

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316L(N) stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel variety strengthened by nitrogen through solid solution hardening. The effects of nitrogen on the mechanical properties of 316L(N) SS have not been studied extensively in the past and is the study of current research. The nitrogen content when added to 316L stainless steel in the range 0.07 wt% - 0.21 wt% improves room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties. The loss in strength due to reduced carbon content in 316L(N) SS can be more or less compensated by the addition of nitrogen. Laser welded joints have been fabricated on 316(L)N SS using CO2 laser protecting the environment by employing nitrogen shielding and tested the welded joints under tension at room temperature and at 650 ?C (923 K). In the as - welded condition Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed the presence of the deformation bands, high density of dislocations and carbides or carbo -nitrides on dislocations near the grain boundary regions which may be in the Heat-Affected Zone(HAZ). At both the test temperatures failure occurred in the base metal by transgranuler mode with the nucleation of cavities. In the present work, laser welding process has proved to be effective in producing satisfactory welded joints.

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5

Qin, Wenbo, Jiajie Kang, Jiansheng Li, Wen Yue, Yaoyao Liu, Dingshun She, Qingzhong Mao e Yusheng Li. "Tribological Behavior of the 316L Stainless Steel with Heterogeneous Lamella Structure". Materials 11, n. 10 (27 settembre 2018): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101839.

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In this paper, the tribological behavior of 316L stainless steel with heterogeneous lamella structure (HLS), prepared through 85% cold rolling technology and subsequent annealing treatment (750 °C, 10 min), were conducted on a ball-on-disc tribometer under different normal loads in dry ambient air conditions. The morphologies, structures, and compositions of the raw and worn surfaces were analyzed by 3D surface profilometer, XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM. Based on this, the results showed that the HLS 316L stainless steel samples exhibited lower and more steady friction coefficients than coarse-grained samples, especially under higher loads, which can be attributed to the existence of numerous oxidative particles across sliding interfaces. However, the wear resistance of HLS 316L stainless steel sample was a little weakened compared to that of the coarse-grained sample under a normal load of 5 N. When the load increases up to 15 N, an obviously decreased wear resistance was found for the HLS of the 316L stainless steel sample, which was 50% lower than that of coarse-grained sample. This can be ascribed to the more severe oxidative and abrasive wear performance of HLS 316L stainless steel sample under dry sliding conditions.

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6

Noh, Inwoong, Jaehun Jeon e Sang Won Lee. "A Study on Metallographic and Machining Characteristics of Functionally Graded Material Produced by Directed Energy Deposition". Crystals 13, n. 10 (13 ottobre 2023): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101491.

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Directed energy deposition (DED) stands as a key process in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and offers the unique capability of creating functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs have garnered significant interest in high-value industries by advantages such as performance optimization, reducing material defects, and resolving joining issues. However, post-processing remains a crucial step, indicating a need for further research to understand the machinability of FGMs. This paper focuses on the characteristics analysis of fabricating and machining an FGM based on stainless steel 316L (SAE 316L) and Inconel 718. The FGM was fabricated by starting with SAE 316L at 100 wt.% and adjusting the composition ratio by incrementally increasing Inconel 718 by 20 wt.% while simultaneously decreasing SAE 316L. Following the FGM fabrication, microstructure and mechanical properties were comprehensively analyzed by hardness testing, optical microstructure measurements, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To investigate the post-processing aspects, end-milling experiments were conducted using two distinct milling methods (upward and downward milling) and machining paths (from SAE 316L towards Inconel 718, and vice versa). The mean cutting force peaked at 148.4 N in upward milling and dipped to 70.5 N in downward milling, and tool wear measurements further provided insights into the optimal milling direction when working with an FGM of SAE 316L and Inconel 718.

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7

Piskarev, P. Y., Alexander A. Gervash, S. A. Vologzhanina, Boris S. Ermakov e A. M. Kudryavceva. "Study of the Bimetallic Joint CuCrZr/316L(N)". Materials Science Forum 1040 (27 luglio 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1040.8.

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In this work, a study of the cases of destruction of the CuCrZr / 316L (N) bimetallic joint (BMJ) obtained by diffusion welding under conditions of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was carried out. The identified defects are cracks propagating in the BMJ zone in the corner zone of the mock-ups of the heat-sink elements (HE). The analysis of the causes of destruction of the BMJ was carried out and the factors leading to the weakening of the BMJ zone are analyzed. The analysis of the thermal and stress-strain state of the HE mock-up during the manufacturing process was carried out. The study of the elements of the HE mock-up were carried out by methods of non-destructive testing (ultrasonic testing (UT)) and destructive testing (metallography; fractography; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; tensile tests). The inclusion of brittle phases in the zone of the BMJ was revealed and an assumption was made about the chemical composition of these phases. It was revealed that this line of brittle phases is a crack propagation zone in all cases of destruction of the BMJ in the HE mock-ups. The temperature range is revealed at which the effect of "ductility failure" of the CuCrZr is observed during the tensile testing of the samples.

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8

Shastry, C. Girish, M. D. Mathew, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao e S. D. Pathak. "Tensile deformation behaviour of AISI 316L(N) SS". Materials Science and Technology 23, n. 10 (ottobre 2007): 1215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328407x226581.

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9

Zhao, Xiao. "Fatigue Properties of 316L Stainless Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (ottobre 2012): 3786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3786.

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The present paper deals with experimental studies on the tension-tension fatigue properties of 316L stainless steel by using a servo-valve controlled electro-hydraulic testing machine at room temperature. The low cycle fatigue properties of 316L stainless steel were studied and the initiation mechanisms of fatigue cracks were investigated and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Preliminary results indicate that the S-N curve of 316L stainless steel descends linearly in the low cycle regime and fatigue failure initiates from inclusions/defects on the specimen surface.

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10

Fikri, Ahmad Fikri. "Pemodelan Tegangan dan Regangan pada Bone Plate dengan Menggunakan Material Stainless Steel 316 L". Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary on Social and Technology 1, n. 3 (22 luglio 2023): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/ijmst.v1i3.211.

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Jumlah populasi dan kualitas hidup manusia terus bertambah sehingga membutuhkan teknologi yang lebih maju dalam menyelesaikan masalah hidupnya. Semakin banyaknya populasi manusia maka jumlah kendaraan dan pekerjaan konstruksi semakin banyak. Hal ini menjadikan kecelakaan kerja berupa patah tulang sering terjadi di masyarakat. Patah tulang merupakan penyakit traumatik yang umum terjadi pada manusia. Proses penyembuhan patah tulang bisa dilakukan dengan fiksasi yang tergantung pada stabilitas dan proses biologi pada tulang yang patah. Proses fiksasi membutuhkan alat bantu berupa bone plate. Sedangkan proses biologis membutuhkan material yang biokompatibel sebagai alat bantu fiksasi tulang. Stainless steel 316L Menunjukkan kemampuan biokompatibel dan biomekanik yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai penyangga patah tulang. Sebelum dilakukan pemasangan bone plate stainless steel 316L pada pasien perlu dilakukan pemodelan untuk mengetahui perilaku material tersebut saat diberi beban. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan CAD/CAM. Bonplate dibuat dengan mengikuti dimensi bone plate pada umumnya kemudian diberi beban. Beban yang diberikan pada bone plate stainless steel 316L berupa gaya tekan yang searah dengan cross sectional sebesar 49 N sampai 492 N. Gaya tersebut merupakan gaya yang umum diterima oleh orang dewasa. Pengaruh gaya tekan berupa tegangan regangan dan perubahan bentuk kemudian dibandingkan dengan kekuatan luluh dan tarik pada material stainless steel 316l. Selain itu pengaruh gaya tekan juga menunjukkan distribusi gaya dan perilaku material saat diberikan beban. Terjadi peningkatan tegangan, regangan dan perubahan bentuk pada material saat beban diberikan. Selain itu deformasi elastis terjadi di seluruh permukaan bone plate stainless steel 316L. Perubahan bentuk terjadi di bagian tengah secara signifikan dan menyebar ke bagian samping pada bone plate stainless steel 316L.

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11

González, Jorge Bertin, Julian Hernández Torres, Nelly Flores-Ramírez, Ricardo Orozco Cruz, Jorge Hernandez, Jehud Beltrán Vela e Leandro García González. "Microhardness, Resistivity and Tribological Properties of Coatings Based on Hf/Hfn Bilayers Deposited By Sputtering". ECS Transactions 106, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10601.0119ecst.

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In this work, coatings based on hafnium/hafnium nitride (Hf/HfN) bilayers were synthesized by the magnetron sputtering technique, producing coatings with 4, 8 and 16 Hf/HfN bilayers on AISI 316L steel and silicon (100). The surface morphology was studied, which shows a high uniformity of grain cluster groupings. Their microhardness was evaluated where the hardness of the 316L steel was improved by more than 3 orders of magnitude, with a value of 6.71 GPa for 8 Hf/HfN bilayers, this same condition reached a high value of electrical resistivity of 6.55x1014 µΩ-cm, a reduction in the coefficient of friction by about 25% with respect to 316L and presented a total delamination of the coating at 19.77 N, which could allow these coatings to be canted for corrosion protection of 316L steel.

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12

Tan, Yu, Wan Wan Wang, Sheng Han Zhang e Ke Xin Liang. "Transient Photoelectrochemical Analysis of the Semiconductor Properties of Oxide Films on Alloys". Advanced Materials Research 1015 (agosto 2014): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1015.513.

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A transient photoelectrochemical analysis method is improved to investigate the semiconductor properties of oxide films on stainless steel 316L oxidized in high-temperature water. A minute amount of ZnO was added to the high-temperature water environment to alter the semiconductor properties of the oxide film deposited on stainless steel 316L. Characteristic phases in the oxide were investigated using the improved photoelectrochemical analysis method, and the semiconductor properties of the oxide film on stainless steel 316L suggested the presence of an n-type semiconductor. The photoelectrochemical dephasing angle showed movement of the flat band potential in the negative direction after ZnO addition.

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13

Barkia, B., J. L. Courouau, E. Perrin, V. Lorentz, M. Rivollier, R. Robin, L. Nicolas, C. Cabet e T. Auger. "Investigation of crack propagation resistance of 304L, 316L and 316L(N) austenitic steels in liquid sodium". Journal of Nuclear Materials 507 (agosto 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.04.036.

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14

Sherry, A. H., G. Wardle, S. Jacques e J. P. Hayes. "Tearing–fatigue interactions in 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel". International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 82, n. 11 (novembre 2005): 840–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2005.06.009.

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15

Ravi Shankar, A., Vani Shankar, R. P. George e John Philip. "Enhancing the Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of High-Nitrogen-Containing 316L Stainless Steels by Grain Boundary Engineering via Thermomechanical Treatment". Corrosion 76, n. 9 (10 giugno 2020): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3487.

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High-nitrogen-containing Type 316L stainless steels (SS) with 0.12% to 0.22% N are being developed as future structural material of fast breeder reactors because of their improved hardness and resistance to localized corrosion. However, stainless steels with higher nitrogen content are prone to intergranular corrosion (IGC) due to their tendency to get sensitized by enhanced precipitation of Cr2N. Thermomechanical treatment (TMT) of 6.5% cold-work and heat-treatment (1,323 K for 30 min) is evaluated in this study to enhance IGC resistance of 0.07%, 0.12%, 0.14%, and 0.22% nitrogen-containing Type 316L SS. The frequency of coincident site lattice (CSL) boundaries is found to increase with increase in nitrogen content in Type 316L SS. A maximum CSL increase of 35% was seen in 0.22% nitrogen containing stainless steel, as compared to samples containing 0.07% to 0.12% N. The effective grain boundary energy was the least (<0.1 μm−1) for Type 316L SS containing 0.22% N, which is attributed to the higher percentage of Σ3 boundaries. Double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests conducted on the sensitized as-received and TMT samples showed a clear decrease in sensitization for TMT samples. The improved resistance to IGC visualized in the post-DL-EPR optical micrographs of TMT samples is attributed to the breakdown in the connectivity of attacked boundaries. The role of nitrogen in austenitic SS on twinning and generation of CSL boundaries is also discussed.

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16

Sauzay, Maxime, Jia Liu, Fatima Rachdi, Loic Signor, Thomas Ghidossi e Patrick Villechaise. "Physically-Based Simulations of the Cyclic Behavior of FCC Polycrystals". Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (marzo 2014): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.833.

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17

Kurley, J. Matthew, Phillip W. Halstenberg, Abbey McAlister, Stephen Raiman, Sheng Dai e Richard T. Mayes. "Enabling chloride salts for thermal energy storage: implications of salt purity". RSC Advances 9, n. 44 (2019): 25602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03133b.

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18

Osorio, D., J. Lopez, H. Tiznado, Mario H. Farias, M. A. Hernandez-Landaverde, M. Ramirez-Cardona, J. M. Yañez-Limon, J. O. Gutierrez, J. C. Caicedo e G. Zambrano. "Structure and Surface Morphology Effect on the Cytotoxicity of [Al2O3/ZnO]n/316L SS Nanolaminates Growth by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)". Crystals 10, n. 7 (16 luglio 2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070620.

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Recently, different biomedical applications of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been studied, and they have displayed good biocompatible behavior. For this reason, this study explores nanolaminates of [Al2O3/ZnO]n obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on silicon (100) and 316L stainless steel substrates with different bilayer periods: n = 1, 2, 5, and 10. The intention is to correlate the structure, chemical bonds, morphology, and electrochemical properties of ZnO and Al2O3 single layers and [Al2O3/ZnO]n nanolaminates with their cytotoxic and biocompatibility behavior, to establish their viability for biomedical applications in implants based on the 316L SS substrate. These nanolaminates have been characterized by grazing incident X-ray diffraction (XRD), finding diffraction planes for wurtzite type structure from zincite. The chemical bonding and composition for both single layers were identified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology and roughness were tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed a reduction in roughness and grain size with a bilayer period increase. The thickness of the samples was measured with scanning electron microscopy, and the results confirmed the value of ~210 nm for the nanolaminate samples. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) evidenced an evolution of [Al2O3/ZnO]n/316L system corrosion resistance of around 95% in relation with the uncoated steel substrate as function of the increase in the bilayers number. To identify the biocompatibility behavior of these nanolaminate systems, the lactate dehydrogenase test was performed with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for a short system of life cell evaluation. This test shows the cytotoxicity of the multilayer compared to the single layers of Al2O3, ZnO, and 316L stainless steel. The lowest cytotoxicity was found in the single layers of ZnO, which leads to cell proliferation easier than Al2O3, obtaining better adhesion and anchoring to its surface.

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Li, Qizhong, Chuan Ding, Mai Yang, Meijun Yang, Tenghua Gao, Song Zhang, Baifeng Ji, Takashi Goto e Rong Tu. "Corrosion Resistance and Conductivity of Ta-Nb-N-Coated 316L Stainless Steel as Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells". Coatings 14, n. 5 (26 aprile 2024): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050542.

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The large-scale application of stainless steel (SS) bipolar plates (BPs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is mainly limited by insufficient corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. In this work, Ta-Nb-N coatings were prepared on 316L SS substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering to improve corrosion resistance and conductivity. The Ta-Nb-N coatings had a dense structure without obvious defects. In simulated PEMFC cathode environments consisting of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF at 70 ± 0.5 °C, which is harsher than the U.S. Department of Energy specification, the corrosion current density of Ta-Nb-N-coated BPs was reduced to 2.2 × 10−2 μA·cm−2. Ta-Nb-N-coated samples showed better electrical conductivity than 316L SS, which had an excellent interfacial contact resistance of 9.2 mΩ·cm2. In addition, the Ta-Nb-N-coated samples had a water contact angle of 100.7°, showing good hydrophobicity for water management. These results indicate that Ta-Nb-N coatings could be a promising material for BPs.

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20

Liu, F., J. G. Jung e Soo Woo Nam. "The Effect of Nitrogen on High Temperature Deformation Behaviors in Type 316L Stainless Steel". Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (agosto 2007): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.69.

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Both tensile and strain controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were conducted for 316L and 316LN at 550oC and 600oC to investigate the nitrogen effect on the deformation behavior of type 316L stainless. The waveform of LCF was a symmetrical triangle with a constant strain rate of 4×10-3/s was employed for most tests. It shows that the addition of nitrogen in the alloy results in an increase in tensile strength but a decrease in ductility. Both the alloys exhibited cell structure after severe tensile deformation. However, after low cycle fatigue, only planar slip band is observed in 316LN, whereas cell structure is still the main feather of microstructure in 316L. This is due to the strong interstitial-substitutional Mo-N pairs and various stress strain conditions.

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21

LAIARINANDRASANA, L., e R. KABIRI. "Specimen geometry effect on creep crack growth in 316L(N)". Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 29, n. 2 (febbraio 2006): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2006.00973.x.

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Charde, S. R., A. R. Ballal, D. R. Peshwe, M. D. Mathew e R. K. Paretkar. "Effect of Notch on Creep Behavior of 316L(N) SS". Procedia Engineering 55 (2013): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.289.

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Roh, Youngjin, Woo-Gon Kim, Seonhwa Kim e Seon-Jin Kim. "Assessment of Negligible Creep Behavior of Type 316L(N) Stainless Steel for High-Temperature Fuel Cell". Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 47, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2023): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2022.47.1.043.

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Lee, Hyeong-Yeon, Hyun-Uk Hong e Woo-Gon Kim. "Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on Strength and Ductility in 316L(N) Stainless Steel". Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 42, n. 6 (30 giugno 2018): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2018.42.6.575.

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Liu, Xin, Qiang Lang, Jifeng Wang, Gang Song e Liming Liu. "Effect of Alloying Elements in Steels on the Interfacial Structure and Mechanical Properties of Mg to Steel by Laser-GTAW Hybrid Direct Lap Welding". Materials 17, n. 7 (2 aprile 2024): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071624.

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Mg alloy AZ31B was directly bonded to SK7 with a low alloy content, DP980 with a high Mn content, 316L with a high Cr and high Ni content by laser-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and hybrid direct lap welding. The results showed that the tensile loads of AZ31B/SK7 and AZ31B/DP980 joints were 283 N/mm and 285 N/mm respectively, while the tensile load of AZ31B/316L joint was only 115 N/mm. The fracture and interface microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and identified through X-ray diffractometry (XRD). For AZ31B/SK7 and AZ31B/DP980, the interface of the front reaction area and the keyhole reaction area was mainly composed of an Fe-Al phase and an Al-Mn phase. However, for AZ31B/316L, the interface of the keyhole reaction area was mainly composed of an Fe-Al phase and an Al-Mn phase, but a multi-layer composite structure consisting of the Mg17Al12 compound layer and eutectic layer was formed in the front reaction area, which led to a deterioration in the joint property. The influencing mechanism of Mn, Cr and Ni elements in steel on the properties and interface structure of the laser-GTAW lap joint between the Mg alloy and the steel was systematically analyzed.

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Ekaputra, I. Made Wicaksana, Gunawan Dwi Haryadi, Rando Tungga Dewa, Budi Setyahandana e Hoang Sy Minh Tuan. "The Portevin-Le Chatelier Type for 316L(N) SS at Low Deformation Rate". Key Engineering Materials 939 (25 gennaio 2023): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6e556i.

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This study determined the serrated yielding type for 316L(N) SS due to the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect under particular temperature conditions with the range of 24 to 655 °C at 10-5/s of plastic deformation rate. The 316L(N) SS was loaded by tensile test apparatus equipped with a three-zone furnace. The cylindrical specimen was put at the centre of the furnace. Since the test was conducted at various temperatures, a thermocouple was attached to the surface of the specimen. After the test, the engineering stress-strain curve was plotted, and the serrated yielding was observed. The results showed that the type A, B, D, and E were identified for a particular temperature. Type B was identified at the low-temperature region, and type A was identified at the high-temperature region. In addition, the work hardening rate curve was plotted to describe the plastic deformation characteristic.

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27

Amari, Djamel, Hafit Khireddine, Youcef Khelfaoui e Nadia Saoula. "Adhesion and Corrosion of Ti, TiN and TiCrN Films Deposits on AISI 316L in SBF Solution". Defect and Diffusion Forum 397 (settembre 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.397.39.

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Abstract. In the present work several films of Ti, TiN, and TiCrN have been coated on AISI 316L stainless steel substrates using magnetron sputtering techniques, in order to improve their surface properties. The morphology and structure of the coatings were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical performances skills in an SBF solution and the adhesion of these deposits were studied to understand these behaviors. From the results it was shown the TiCrN deposition presents the lowest corrosion resistance in the SBF solution, while TiN deposit is the most resistant to corrosion resistance in the same solutions, but its critical load (Lc3-TiN), is relatively low and has a risk of delamination which can limit its use. On the other hand, the Ti deposit exhibits a high resistance to corrosion and a high passivation (icorr (Ti) = 0.57 µA.cm-2 and Rp (Ti) = 67.98 KW.cm2). The critical load (Lc3-Ti = 43.38 N), the crack propagation resistance (CPRs-Ti = 81.64 N) and the scratch hardness (HSL-Ti = 125.75´1012 Pa) also testify to its high adhesion to the AISI 316L substrate. Thus the Ti deposit has proved to be the most favorable protective coating for AISI 316L stainless steel in SBF solution.

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28

Panaite, Tinela, Carmen Savin, Nicolae Daniel Olteanu, Nikolaos Karvelas, Cristian Romanec, Raluca-Maria Vieriu, Carina Balcos et al. "Heat Treatment’s Vital Role: Elevating Orthodontic Mini-Implants for Superior Performance and Longevity—Pilot Study". Dentistry Journal 12, n. 4 (11 aprile 2024): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj12040103.

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Orthodontic mini-implants are devices used for anchorage in various orthodontic treatments. We conducted a pilot study which aimed to observe preliminary trends regarding the impact of heat treatment on the elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V alloy and stainless steel 316L mini-implants. The initial phase involved testing the impact of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy and stainless steel 316L mini-implants. Material and methods: Ten self-drilling mini-implants sourced from two distinct manufacturers (Jeil Medical Corporation® and Leone®) with dimensions of 2.0 mm diameter and 10 mm length were tested. They were separated into two material groups: Ti6Al4V and 316L. Using the CETRUMT-2 microtribometer equipment, indentation testing was conducted employing a diamond-tipped Rockwell penetrator at a constant force of 4.5 N. Results: Slight differences were observed in the elastic modulus of the Ti6Al4V alloy (103.99 GPa) and stainless steel 316L (203.20 GPa) compared to natural bone. The higher elastic moduli of these materials indicate that they are stiffer, which could potentially lead to stress-shielding phenomena and bone resorption. Heat treatment resulted in significant changes in mechanical properties, including elastic modulus reductions of approximately 26.14% for Ti6Al4V and 24.82% for 316L, impacting their performance in orthodontic applications. Conclusion: Understanding the effects of heat treatment on these alloys is crucial for optimizing their biomechanical compatibility and longevity in orthodontic treatment. To fully evaluate the effects of heat treatment on mini-implants and to refine their design and efficacy in clinical practice, further research is needed.

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29

Aslam, Muhammad, Faiz Ahmad, P. S. M. Bm-Yousoff, Khurram Altaf, Afian Omar e Muhammad Rafi Raza. "A Study on the Optimization of Solvent Debinding Process for Powder Injection Molded 316L Stainless Steel Parts". Advanced Materials Research 1133 (gennaio 2016): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.324.

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Optimization of solvent debinding process parameters for powder injection molded 316L stainless steel (SS) has been reported in this research work. Powder gas atomized (PGA) 316L SS was blended with a multicomponent binder in Z-blade mixer at 170°C ± 5°C for 90 minutes. Feedstock was successfully injected at temperature 170 ± 5°C. Injection molded samples were immersed in n-heptane for 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h at temperatures 50°C ,55°C and 60°C to extract the soluble binder components. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results attested that soluble binder components were completely extracted from injection molded samples at temperature 55°C after 6h.

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30

Rouland, Solène, Bertrand Radiguet e Philippe Pareige. "Investigating radiation-induced segregation on intragranular defects in a 316L(N)". Journal of Nuclear Materials 557 (dicembre 2021): 153216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153216.

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31

BUDDEN, P. J., G. WARDLE e R. P. BIRKETT. "Time-dependent fracture of type 316L(N) steel at ambient temperature". Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 28, n. 7 (luglio 2005): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00914.x.

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32

van Osch, E. V., M. G. Horsten e M. I. de Vries. "Irradiation testing of 316L(N)-IG austenitic stainless steel for ITER". Journal of Nuclear Materials 258-263 (ottobre 1998): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(98)00362-6.

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33

Sakthivel, T., M. Vasudevan, K. Laha, P. Parameswaran, K. S. Chandravathi, M. D. Mathew e A. K. Bhaduri. "Creep rupture strength of activated-TIG welded 316L(N) stainless steel". Journal of Nuclear Materials 413, n. 1 (giugno 2011): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.03.047.

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34

Kumar, J. Ganesh, V. Ganesan, V. D. Vijayanand, K. Laha e M. D. Mathew. "Creep Behaviour of 316L(N) SS in the Presence of Notch". Procedia Engineering 55 (2013): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.291.

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35

Tavassoli, A. A. F. "16-8-2 weld metal design data for 316L(N) steel". Fusion Engineering and Design 83, n. 10-12 (dicembre 2008): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.07.015.

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36

NAGESHA, A., M. VALSAN, R. KANNAN, K. BHANUSANKARARAO, V. BAUER, H. CHRIST e V. SINGH. "Thermomechanical fatigue evaluation and life prediction of 316L(N) stainless steel". International Journal of Fatigue 31, n. 4 (aprile 2009): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.019.

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37

Ma, Qiang, Fei Zhou, Qianzhi Wang, Zhiwei Wu, Kangmin Chen, Zhifeng Zhou e Lawrence Kwok-Yan Li. "Influence of CrB2 target current on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Cr–B–C–N coatings in water". RSC Advances 6, n. 53 (2016): 47698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09264k.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cr–B–C–N coatings with different boron contents (24.6–27.2 at%) were deposited on Si(100) wafers and 316L stainless steels by using closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering via adjusting the CrB₂ target current.

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38

Prasad Reddy, G. V., R. Sandhya, M. Valsan e K. Bhanu Sankara Rao. "E-12 Effect of Temperature on LCF Behavior of 316L(N)/316(N) Weld Joint and 316(N) Weld metal(Session: Fatique/Contact Strength)". Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.104.

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39

Le, Hai V., e Quang T. Le. "Electrochemical Preparation of Polyaniline- Supported Cu-CuO Core-Shell on 316L Stainless Steel Electrodes for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor". Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (20 febbraio 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6056919.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this article, we reported the elaboration of a nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on the polyaniline-supported Cu-CuO core-shell structure prepared on the 316L stainless steel electrode by electrochemical methods. In the first step, polyaniline (PANI) film was electrodeposited on the 316L substrate from a solution of 0.1 M aniline and 0.5 M sulfuric acid in absolute ethanol by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. In the second step, the copper particles were electrodeposited on the PANI film from CuCl2·2H2O 0.01 M precursor prepared in a KCl 0.1 M solution by the CV method. In the third step, Cu particles were partially oxidized to CuO by the CV method in a NaOH 0.1 M electrolyte to form a Cu-CuO core-shell structure supported on the PANI film. The as-prepared electrode (Cu-CuO/PANI/316L) was used to detect glucose in a NaOH 0.1 M solution. The Cu-CuO/PANI/316L sensor exhibited a linear range of 0.1–5 mM (R2 = 0.995) with a detection limit of 0.1 mM (S/N = 3) and high sensitivity of (25.71 mA·mM−1·cm−2). In addition, no significant interference was observed from sucrose, maltose, lactose, and ascorbic acid. The results showed that the polyaniline-supported Cu-CuO core-shell structure has the potential to be applied as an electrode material for the nonenzymatic glucose sensor.

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40

Reddy, G. V. Prasad, R. Sandhya, M. Valsan e K. Bhanu Sankara Rao. "Temperature dependence of low cycle fatigue of 316(N) weld metals and 316L(N)/316(N) weld joints". Materials Science and Technology 26, n. 11 (novembre 2010): 1384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328408x317110.

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41

Prasad Reddy, G. V., R. Sandhya, M. Valsan e K. Bhanu Sankara Rao. "High temperature low cycle fatigue properties of 316(N) weld metal and 316L(N)/316(N) weld joints". International Journal of Fatigue 30, n. 3 (marzo 2008): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.03.009.

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42

Singhal, L. K., e P. Poojary. "Development of 216L for Conservation of Nickel & Molybdenum and its Application in Sugar Refinery Instead of 316L". Advanced Materials Research 794 (settembre 2013): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.741.

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Abstract (sommario):

Development of an austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni-Mo-Cu-N alloy 216L to substitute AISI 316L for saving a part of expensive nickel and molybdenum is described. Nickel content is reduced by 40% and molybdenum by 25% with the help of nitrogen, manganese and copper additions. Corrosion tests in boiling solutions in a variety of acidic media including oxalic, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric and chromic acids and polarization curves in acidic and chloride environment indicate similar behaviour of both grades. There is also striking similarity in pitting corrosion resistance and inter-granular corrosion resistance of the two alloys as per ASTM G-48 and ASTM A262 respectively. Both alloys exhibit excellent resistance to any staining in prolonged salt spray test. Produced by conventional EAF-AOD-CC-Steckel Mill route, the alloy exhibits surface quality comparable to AISI 316L in both hot and cold rolled conditions. Like 316L, it is equally amenable to fabrication and welding. Higher yield strength of 216L confers potential for material saving in use as compared to 316L. In the process of extracting refined sugar from raw sugar a number of chemicals are used. Accumulated scale from the equipments is periodically removed by using hot solutions containing caustic soda and soda ash followed by rinsing in solutions containing dilute hydrochloric acid and finishing with water rinse. The steel generally used is 316L and based on comparative performance of 216L this new alloy was successfully used in sugar refinery columns where it is subjected to periodic cleaning by hot salt & caustic soda solution and hot dilute hydrochloric acid.. Key words: nickel conservation, 216L austenitic stainless steel; corrosion resistance, sugar refinery

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43

Sasikala, Gomathy, Matcha Nani Babu, Bhyravajoshulu Shashank Dutt e Shreedhar Venugopal. "Characterisation of Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture Behaviour of SS 316L(N) Base and Weld Materials". Advanced Materials Research 794 (settembre 2013): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.449.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper summarizes the results of the studies on fracture mechanics characterisation of SS 316L(N) and its welds. The results presented include the fracture toughness and FCG properties of the base and weld materials at different temperatures. Influence of nitrogen content on the base material properties is discussed. Further, the effects of long-term ageing at different temperatures on the fracture and FCG behaviour of the welds are presented and discussed. The weld metal has been subjected to extended thermal ageing, and a detailed study has been undertaken to characterize the (i) FCG properties and (ii) quasistaticJ-R curves for the indigenously developed SS 316(N) weld material at both ambient and service temperatures. The ageing conditions covered include the advanced ageing according to the RCC-MR design code, i.e, > 4000 h at 923 K and the low temperature ageing, i.e., 643-823 K the operating range for the SS 316L(N) components in PFBR. The results are discussed in detail in the light of microstructural changes taking place in the weld metal and their influence on the operating micromechanisms.

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44

Prasetiyo, Angger Bagus, e Kartinasari Ayuhikmatin Sekarjati. "Finite Element Simulation of Power Weeder Machine Frame". Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 4, n. 2 (3 ottobre 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v4i2.291.

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Abstract (sommario):

One of the agricultural technologies that have evolved recently is the weeding machine. This device was developed to aid farmers in the weed-control procedure. The engine frame is one of the primary elements of the weed wacker. The most crucial component of agricultural equipment is the frame or chassis since it serves as the foundation for mounting other parts. To examine the stress and strength of the frame, this study models the frame of a power weeder machine utilizing finite element analysis using the SolidWorks 2022 program. A total load of 120 N is applied to the AISI 316L used for the frame. The analysis's findings indicate that the maximum von Mises stress value is about 2.51 107N/m2, the greatest deformation is 0.556 mm, and the safety factor is 6.8. With AISI 316L material, the frame design of the power weeder machine in this study is safe to endure up to 140 N.

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45

Monteiro, Beatriz, Francisca Rocha e Jose Costa. "Topology Optimization of a Robot Gripper with nTopology". U.Porto Journal of Engineering 10, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_010-001_002051.

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Abstract (sommario):

The robot gripper works analogously to the human hand, being the end effector of a robotic mechanism and acting as a bridge between the robot and the environment. A topology optimized gripper can be fully functional while allowing weight reduction. In this paper, the topology optimization of a 316L-SS four-clamp gripper capable of withstanding a 2 N load was conducted using the nTopology software. Fusion360 static stress analysis showed a reduction of 43% in weight, keeping the safety factor above 3, and leading to a displacement of 0,0067 mm. Finally, the maximum induced stress was shown not to cause permanent deformation of the clamp since it was observed to be inferior to the yield strength of 316L-SS.

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46

Ruan, Chuan-Min, Thomas Bayer, Sergio Meth e Chaim N. Sukenik. "Creation and characterization of n-alkylthiol and n-alkylamine self-assembled monolayers on 316L stainless steel". Thin Solid Films 419, n. 1-2 (novembre 2002): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(02)00730-7.

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47

Mahathanabodee, S., Tippaban Palathai, S. Raadnui, Ruangdaj Tongsri e Narongrit Sombatsompop. "Comparative Studies on Wear Behaviour of Sintered 316L Stainless Steels Loaded with h-BN and MoS₂". Advanced Materials Research 747 (agosto 2013): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.307.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mechanical properties and wear behavior of stainless steel embedded with different solid lubricants were investigated. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-embedded 316L stainless steels (SS316L/h-BN and SS316L/MoS2) were prepared by powder metallurgy method. Various h-BN and MoS2 contents (10, 15 and 20 vol%) were mixed with 316L stainless steel powders and then sintered at 1200°C in H2 atmosphere for 60 min. The experimental results showed that small boride phase and h-BN powder occupied the pores in the microstructure of SS316L/h-BN composite whereas the MoS2 second phase occupied the pores of the sintered 316L matrix in the microstructure of SS316L/MoS2 composite. The addition of h-BN decreased the sintered density and hardness whereas that of MoS2 gave the opposite effect. Dry sliding wear behavior of composites was investigated by using pin-on-disc test rig at the sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.2 m/s and the applied load of 3 N. The results showed that the MoS2 composites had higher wear resistance than the h-BN composite but the h-BN composite yielded a better friction reduction.

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48

Baraldi, Daniele, Stefan Holmström, Karl-Fredrik Nilsson, Matthias Bruchhausen e Igor Simonovski. "316L(N) Creep Modeling with Phenomenological Approach and Artificial Intelligence Based Methods". Metals 11, n. 5 (24 aprile 2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050698.

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Abstract (sommario):

A model that describes creep behavior is essential in the design or life assessment of components and systems that operate at high temperatures. Using the RCC-MRx data and the LCSP (logistic creep strain prediction) model, processed design data were generated over the whole creep regime of 316L(N) steel—i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary creep. The processed design data were used to develop three models with different approaches for the creep rate: a phenomenological approach; an artificial neural network; and an artificial intelligence method based on symbolic regression and genetic programming. It was shown that all three models are capable of describing the true creep rate as a function of true creep strain and true stress over a wide range of engineering stresses and temperatures without the need of additional micro-structural information. Furthermore, the results of finite element simulations reproduce the trends of experimental data from the literature.

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49

Gülsoy, H. Ö. "Production of injection moulded 316L stainless steels reinforced with TiC(N) particles". Materials Science and Technology 24, n. 12 (dicembre 2008): 1484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328408x270239.

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50

Choudhary, B. K. "Activation energy for serrated flow in type 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel". Materials Science and Engineering: A 603 (maggio 2014): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.02.083.

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