Articoli di riviste: "302.3/5"

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Zhang, Hualei, Xinlei Wang, Jie Zhou e Weihua Tang. "Azo-Linkage Redox Metal–Organic Framework Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes for High-Performance Aqueous Energy Storage". Molecules 28, n. 22 (8 novembre 2023): 7479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227479.

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The design of well-defined hierarchical free-standing electrodes for robust high-performance energy storage is challenging. We report herein that azo-linkage redox metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporate single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as flexible electrodes. The in situ-guided growth, crystallinity and morphology of UiO-66-NO2 MOFs were finely controlled in the presence of CNTs. The MOFs’ covalent anchoring to CNTs and solvothermal grafting anthraquinone (AQ) pendants endow the hybrid (denoted as CNT@UiO-66-AQ) with greatly improved conductivity, charge storage pathways and electrochemical dynamics. The flexible CNT@UiO-66-AQ displays a highest areal specific capacitance of 302.3 mF cm−2 (at 1 mA cm−2) in −0.4~0.9 V potential window, together with 100% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles at 5 mA cm−2. Its assembled symmetrical supercapacitor (SSC) achieves a maximum energy density of 0.037 mWh cm−2 and a maximum power density of 10.4 mW cm−2, outperforming many MOFs-hybrids-based SSCs in the literature. Our work may open a new avenue for preparing azo-coupled redox MOFs hybrids with carbaneous substrates for high-performance robust aqueous energy storage.

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Ongas, Martin O., Elizabeth Juma, Caroline G. Kirimi, Florence Oloo, Gilbert Kokwaro, Rashid Aman e Bernhards R. Ogutu. "A selective LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of Artemether, Lumefantrine and their principle metabolites in human plasma". ABC Research Alert 6, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2018): Kenya. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ra.v6i3.335.

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We have developed and validated a sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of artemether (ART), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), lumefantrine (LUM) and desbutyl-lumefantrine (DBL) in human plasma. Mefloquine was used as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by protein precipitation procedure and separated on a reversed-phase Zorbax SB-Ciano column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 20mM aqueous ammonium formate containing 0.5% (v/v) formic acid. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed in the positive ion mode using the transitions m/z 316.3→m/z 163.1 (ART), m/z 302.3→m/z 163.1 (DHA), m/z 530.3→m/z 512.2. (LUM), m/z 472.2→m/z 454.1 (DBL) and m/z 379.1→m/z 361.1(MQ) to quantify the drugs. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear (r2 ≥ 0.9992) over the range of 5–1500 ng/mL for ART/ DHA and 5–5,000 ng/mL for LUM/DBL. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 10 ng/mL ART/ DHA and 5 ng/mL for LUM/ DBL. The mean R.S.D. values for the intra-run precision were 2.2% , 3.8%, 1.9% and 4.7% and for the inter-run precision were 3.2%, 3.6% , 4.4% and 3.5% for ART, DHA, LUM and DBL, respectively. The mean percentage recovery values were 93.2%, 98.5%, 97.1% and 99.4% for ART, DHA, LUM and DBL, respectively. No matrix effect was detected for all the analytes and the IS. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations of ART, DHA, LUM and DBL in pregnant and non-pregnant women volunteers in a multiple-dose pharmacokinetics study over the course of 336 hours.

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Tor, Yu N., R. Shapich e N. A. Rusina. "Psychodynamic psychotherapy in the diagnosis and treatment of gender dysphoria". Patient-Oriented Medicine and Pharmacy 1, n. 2 (6 giugno 2023): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2949-1924-0011.

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Relevance. In this article, we consider the possibilities of a psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approach in the diagnosis and treatment of gender dysphoria on the example of a clinical case. Gender dysphoria refers to the distress that may accompany a mismatch with the patient's biological sex and assigned gender. In the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of patients requesting the restoration of congenital anatomical sex characteristics due to regret after genderaffirmation surgery (GAS). Recent studies have shown that one of the key regrets after GAS is inadequate psychological and psychiatric evaluation in determining whether GAS is an indication.Case study. In this article, we explored how psychodynamic psychotherapy can be used to diagnose and treat disorders associated with gender dysphoria in the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with symptoms that met the diagnostic criteria for two conditions: unspecified gender dysphoria 302.85 (F64.1) and transvestic disorder with autogynephy 302.3 (F65.1) according to DSM-5. The main symptom appeared when the patient was at pre-school age and has been a constant concern ever since. The symptoms disappeared after psychodynamic psychotherapy, which lasted 11 months. Evaluation of psychotherapeutic effects 2 years after the completion of psychotherapy showed the stability of the results achieved.Conclusion. Based on our analysis, we concluded that the use of psychodynamic psychotherapy for patients with gender dysphoria helps recognize neurotic conflicts that may underlie transgender symptoms, and thereby reduce the likelihood of a diagnostic error in determining the presence of indications for GAS. Looking at cases of gender dysphoria in Balint groups can also be of great help in understanding the etiology of gender dysphoria symptoms.

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Mahmood, Yadgar, Halgurd Nasraden Hassan e Masood Saber Mohammed. "Yield Performance of Barley Hybrids (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Drought stress and non-stressed Conditions". Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3, n. 1 (2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24271/psr.20.

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This study was carried out at the experiment field, Kalar Technical Institute, Garmian Region in two growing seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 in order to evaluate the growth and yield potentials of barley under water stressed using hybrids as a source of wide range of genotypic variations. Therefore, five F2 barley hybrids (Hordeum vulgare L.) were screened for grain yield, biomass dry matter, plant height and harvest index under irrigated and drought conditions. Results showed that there was no effect of drought on grain yield (P>0.05) in 2017, while significantly reduced yield in 2018 and across-year mean (P-2 (3//14) under irrigated condition, and 267.8 (3//5) to 302.3 g m-2 (3//4) under unirrigated condition (P=0.001), biomass dry matter was ranged from 1099.1 (3//1) to 1370.5 g m-2 (3//14) under irrigated condition, and 892.6 (3//1) to 1153.9 g m-2 (3//14) under unirrigated condition (P=0.05), and harvest index were from 25.1 (3//14) to 28.0 (3//1) under irrigated conditions, and 25.9 (3//14) to 31.2 (3//1) under unirrigated conditions (P=0.04). Regression analysis, averaging over years, showed a positive relationship between grain yield and biomass under irrigated (R2=0.76; P=0.05), despite that, any positive relation was not found under unirrigated conditions (R2=0.43; P=0.23) due to post-anthesis drought stress. A strong relationship was also found between plant height and biomass dry matter under both irrigated (R2=0.89; P=0.02) and unirrigated (R2=0.97; P=0.003) conditions due to the high contribution of plant height in increasing plant biomass. It is concluded that genotypes had different response to drought due to their genetic diversity, and relatively low impact of water stress was appeared on growth and grain yield of barley in this semi-arid region compared to worldwide expected range of yield reduction.

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Musikhin, A. E., M. A. Bespyatov, T. M. Kuzin, V. D. Grigorieva e V. N. Shlegel. "The low temperature heat capacity of Li₂Mo_0.05W_0.95O₄". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2119, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2021): 012137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2119/1/012137.

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Abstract The heat capacity of a lithium tungstate single crystal doped by 5% molybdenum Li2Mo0.05W0.95O4 in the range of 78.5–302.8 K was measured by the adiabatic method. No anomalous behavior of heat capacity was found. The heat capacity function was obtained in the range of 0–303 K by extrapolating to zero temperature and fitting experimental points. Thermodynamic functions of entropy, enthalpy increment and Gibbs free energy at 298.15 K were calculated using the obtained data.

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Malashkevich, V. N., P. Burkhard, P. Dominici, P. S. Moore, C. Borri Voltattorni e J. N. Jansonius. "Preliminary X-ray analysis of a new crystal form of recombinant pig kidney DOPA decarboxylase". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1999): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444998006283.

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DOPA decarboxylase is responsible for the synthesis of the key neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin via decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and L-5-hydroxytryptophan, respectively. The crystals of recombinant DOPA decarboxylase differ from those previously reported for the enzyme purified from pig kidney. They belong to space group P622 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 302.6, c = 178.1 Å. Both the self-rotation function and the good diffraction quality of these crystals (2.5 Å on a synchrotron source) suggest that there should be at least three protein dimers in the asymmetric unit. Diffraction data sets have been collected for the native enzyme and a heavy-atom derivative.

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Ghassemzadeh, Mitra, Klaus Harms e Kurt Dehnicke. "Kristallstruktur von [PMePh3] [Cl - 1 - C≡C - Ph]/Crystal Structure of [PMePh3] [Cl - I - C≡C - Ph]". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, n. 6 (1 giugno 1997): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0618.

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Abstract The donor-acceptor complex [Cl-I-C≡C-Ph]- has been prepared as the methyl-triphenyl-phosphonium salt from 1-iodo-2-phenylacetylene and [PMePh3]N3 in CH2Cl2 solution. It forms colourless single crystals which were characterized by a crystal structure determination. Space group Pbca, Z = 8, lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1047.1(1), b = 1700.3(1), c = 2793.2(1) pm, R = 0.035. The chloride ion is coordinated at the iodine atom of the 1-iodo-2-phenylacetylene molecule in a nearly linear arrangement [CI-I-C≡C-Ph]- with bond lengths I-Cl of 302.4 pm and I-C of 203.1(5) pm.

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Shields, E. J., e P. S. Taylor. "Potato Leafhopper Control in Alfalfa, 1991". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1992): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.183.

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Abstract Experimental plots measuring 7.3 × 7.3 m (24 × 24 ft) were established in a 5-yr-old field of ‘Oneida VR’ alfalfa in Ithaca, NY. Soils were silt loam. The trial was performed on water stressed regrowth 27 days after the first cutting. Some hopperburn was evident. Nine treatments and 1 untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 3 Jul with a C02 pressurized ATV-mounted, 8 nozzle spray boom which spanned 3.66 m (12 ft). The sprayer delivered 302.8 liters/ha (32 gal/acre) at 40 psi and an ATV speed of 5.6 km/hr (3.5 mi/hr). Rain showers occurred in the afternoon and evening both 1 and 2 DAT. PLH density was evaluated 1 d pretreatment and 4, 7, 14 and 20 DAT by taking 10 sweeps per plot with a 40 cm diam sweep net. Data for all plot samplings were expressed as the number of PLH/10 sweeps.

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Shields, E. J., e P. S. Taylor. "Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1991". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1992): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.182.

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Abstract Experimental plots measuring 7.3 × 7.3 m (24 × 24 ft) were established in a 5-yr-old field of ‘Oneida VR’ alfalfa in the early bud stage located in Ithaca, NY. Soils were silt loam. Eleven treatments and 2 untreated checks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 21 May with a C02 pressurized ATV-mounted 8 nozzle spray boom which spanned 3.66 m (12 ft). The sprayer delivered 302.8 liters/ha (32 gal/acre) at 40 psi and an ATV speed of 5.6 km/h (3.5 mph). AW density was evaluated 1 day pre-treatment and 4 DAT by collecting 25 stems per plot and counting total number of larvae collected per plot. AW density was evaluated 7 and 14 DAT by collecting 10 stems per plot and counting total number of larvae collected per plot. Data for all plot samplings were expressed as mean AW/stem.

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Oliveira, Risalvo F., Alexandre F. Perazzo, Douglas dos S. Pina, Henry D. R. Alba, Vagner M. Leite, Manoel M. dos Santos, Edson M. Santos et al. "Productive and Qualitative Traits of Sorghum Genotypes Used for Silage under Tropical Conditions". Crops 4, n. 2 (18 giugno 2024): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops4020019.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive potential, chemical composition, and fermentation profile of 24 genotypes of forage sorghum after ensiling. For this agronomic evaluation, a completely randomized block design with six replicates and twenty-four treatments was employed. Genotype 5 had the highest dry matter (DM) yield of 22.24 t/ha. The plant DM content ranged (p < 0.001) from 271.8 g/kg of fresh matter (FM) in genotype 9 to 330.0 g/kg FM in genotype 3, averaging 302.9 g/kg FM. The crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates differed significantly (p < 0.001) in the evaluated silages, with mean values of 61.0 and 275.3 g/kg DM, respectively. The pH of the sorghum silages also differed (p < 0.001), despite having an average of 3.94, with values ranging from 3.68 to 4.27. No changes were observed (p > 0.05) for the dry matter recovery of the sorghum genotype silages, which averaged at 853.9 g/kg FM. In the present study, genotype 5 resulted in being the most recommended genotype because it demonstrated a higher yield and higher nutritional value in both its fresh form and its ensiled form; had the lowest losses; and showed an ideal dry matter recovery after ensiling of 880 g/kg.

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Dada, P. O. O., J. J. Musa, O. O. Olla, J. O. Ohu e J. K. Adewumi. "Effects of Tractorization and Organic Manure on Physical Properties of Sandy Loam Soil in Abeokuta, Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 17, n. 4 (11 marzo 2021): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i4.7.

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Soil compaction has effect on soil physical properties which could affect crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the influence of incorporating organic materials and load application (tractorization) on the physical properties of sandy loamy soil in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Organic materials were cow dung, poultry and swine manure. Application rates of organic manures were 0 (control), 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare. Forty-five plots measuring 5 by 3 m were established in a complete randomized block experimental design with three replications making a total of 135 plots. Load application was done using an MF 435 tractor coupled with a 20-disc harrow at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 passes. Penetration resistance, bulk density, gravimetric moisture content andporosity were determined using standard procedures. Penetrometer resistance at these passes were 392.2, 293.3, 285.0, 302.0 and 224.9 kPa respectively with significant differences between treatments (P≤0.05). Mean bulk density for the passes were 1.21, 1.26, 1.31, 1.27 and 1.29 g/cm3 respectively and bulk density increased with tractor passes. The effect of tractor passes, and manure incorporation rate did not have any significant effect on gravimetric moisture content. Poultry manure increased bulk density and penetrometer resistance on plots than swine manure and cow dung hence poultry manure at 10 t/ha can be incorporated on a sandy loam soil to enhance soil fertility and sustainability. Keywords: Tractorization, organic manure, sandy loam, penetration resistance, bulk density

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Jiang, Xinyu, Yiting Gu, Lichao Zhang, Jinjian Sun, Jianan Yan, Ce Wang, Bin Lai e Haitao Wu. "Physicochemical Properties of Granular and Gelatinized Lotus Rhizome Starch with Varied Proximate Compositions and Structural Characteristics". Foods 12, n. 23 (30 novembre 2023): 4330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12234330.

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As a traditional and popular dietary supplement, lotus rhizome starch (LRS) has health benefits for its many nutritional components and is especially suitable for teenagers and seniors. In this paper, the approximate composition, apparent amylose content (AAC), and structural characteristics of five LRS samples from different regions were investigated, and their correlations with the physicochemical properties of granular and gelatinized LRS were revealed. LRS exhibited rod-shaped and ellipsoidal starch granules, with AAC ranging from 26.6% to 31.7%. LRS-3, from Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province, exhibited a deeper hydrogel color and contained more ash, with 302.6 mg/kg iron, and it could reach the pasting temperature of 62.6 °C. In comparison, LRS-5, from Baoshan, Yunnan Province, exhibited smoother granule surface, less fragmentation, and higher AAC, resulting in better swelling power and freeze-thaw stability. The resistant starch contents of LRS-3 and LRS-5 were the lowest (15.3%) and highest (69.7%), respectively. The enzymatic digestion performance of LRS was positively correlated with ash content and short- and long-term ordered structures but negatively correlated with AAC. Furthermore, the color and network firmness of gelatinized LRS was negatively correlated with its ash content, and the retrograde trend and freeze-thaw stability were more closely correlated with AAC and structural characteristics. These results revealed the physicochemical properties of LRS from different regions and suggested their advantages in appropriate applications as a hydrogel matrix.

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HUONG, DO THI VIET, PHAN MINH GIANG, DO HUY HOANG, NGUYEN ANH PHUONG e TRIEU ANH TRUNG. "Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Plantago major L. in Vietnam". Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, n. 2 (2021): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.22976.

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Plantago major L. in Vietnam was investigated for its chemical composition and also evaluated the biological activities against enzyme α- glucosidase and free radicals activities. The powder mixture of dried leave and roots of this species was extracted separately by three solvents: dichloromethane, water, water:alcohol (50:50, v:v). The chemical composition of dichloromethane extract was analyzed by GC-MS system to identify eighteen components, out of which eight biologically active compounds viz. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, n-hecxadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, allogibberic acid, β-tocopherol, campesterol, γ-sitosterol, lup-20(29)-en-3-ol and friedenlan-3-one were presented. The concentration of radical scavenging activity DPPH expressed by IC50 for water, water:alcohol (50:50, v:v) and dichloromethane with 208.7, 89.3 and 62.05 μg/mL, respectively. The dichloromethane, water and water:alcohol (50:50, v:v) extract of Plantago major exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 116.4, 302.7, 195.9 μg/mL, respectively, which was comparable with acarbose (98.4 μg/mL). Plantago major L. in Vietnam may be effective inhibitors as the antidiabetic candidate and helpful to reduce the postprandial glucose levels.

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Saker, Samah, Walid AL-Zordk e Mutlu Özcan. "Resistance to Fracture of Zirconia Abutments with Different Angulations: Impact of Implant Platform Diameter". European Journal of Dentistry 14, n. 04 (9 luglio 2020): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709947.

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Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of implant platform diameters on ultimate force to failure of zirconia abutments with different angulation. Materials and Methods Forty-two zirconia abutments with either 0 degree (ST) or 15-degree (AN) angulation were assembled on tapered internal connection titanium implants (Direct's Legacy; 13 mm Implant Direct, LLC, Las Vegas, United States) with a platform diameter of Ø3.0, Ø3.5, and Ø4.5 mm (14 per group). Zirconia crowns (Ceramill Zolid; Amann Girrbach GmbH) were fabricated and cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (MaxCem Elite, Kerr). The specimens were thermomechanically loaded (TCML= 6,000 cycles of 5 to 50°C for 2 minutes/cycle followed by cyclic loading 600,000 cycles) followed by static loading until fracture. The data of load (N) at which fracture occurred were statistically analyzed by using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U tests at 5% significance level. Results Higher load to fracture was reported for zirconia crowns in straight abutments groups and a platform of 4.5, 3.5, and 3 mm diameter was 438.2± 85.4, 345.5± 71.3, and 331.1± 59.1 N, respectively. However, the groups restored with zirconia crowns in angulated abutments groups and a platform of 4.5, 3.5, or 3 mm diameter showed a fracture load of 411.4 ± 49.8, 354.2 ± 52.5, and 302.8 ± 52.5 N, respectively. Conclusion Straight and angulated zirconia abutments presented similar load to fracture on 3 and 3.5 mm platform diameters yet being significantly less for 4.5 mm diameter.

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Omonije, Oluyemisi Omotayo, Evans Chidi Egwim, Adamu Yusuf Kabiru e Moses Aderemi Olutoye. "Sugarcane bagasse as carbon source for the production of cellulase by Aspergillus niger". BIOMED natural and applied science 02, n. 02 (23 maggio 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/bnas02021927.

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Background: In the presence of a suitable carbon source, filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus species are particularly important in enzyme production for industrial scale. The conversion of hemicelluloses from agro-waste biomass into valuable products has been considered strategic for the economic viability and bedrock of lignocellulose biorefineries. Methods: In the present study, we explore the potential of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus to utilized 3 agro-waste including sugarcane bagasse (SB), plantain pseudostem (PS), and corn cob (CC) as carbon sources for cellulase production, and determine the optimum yielding condition. Results: The results revealed that among the 3 agro-waste explored, SB was the most suitable carbon source utilized by A. niger and A. flavus for cellulase production. The maximum activity ranges of 205.03±3.25 and 302.13±2.56 IU/mL were obtained after 24 hr of fermentation with the SB. The optimum temperature, pH, and substrate concentrations were determined as 50∘C, 5, and 0.3% respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, the present study demonstrated that Aspergillus species when grown under sugarcane bagasse carbon source represent the best strategies for cheap production of cellulase. This information would be useful for the ideal formulation of media composition for maximum cellulase production by this organism.

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Giriraj, P., e T. Sivakkumar. "Development and Validation of a Rapid Chemometrics Assisted RP-HPLC with PDA Detection Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Pyridoxine HCl and Doxylamine Succinate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form". Chromatography Research International 2014 (23 aprile 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/827895.

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Simple, rapid, precise, and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and optimized with the help of chemometric tool for the simultaneous estimation of pyridoxine HCl and doxylamine succinate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Optimization was done by central composite design in response surface methodology. Based on the trial and error, percentage of organic phase (methanol) in mobile phase, flow rate, and molarity of the buffer were selected as factors. Resolution and retention time were used for the estimation of system response during the optimization procedure. The optimized condition was used and the separation was carried out on phenomenex C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm; i.d, 5 μ particle size) using the mobile phase containing 49.37% of methanol and 50.63% of phosphate buffer (45.14 mM) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Retention time was found to be 1.884 minutes for pyridoxine HCl and 3.959 minutes for doxylamine succinate. The calibration curves were found to be linear from 10 to 70 μg/mL and 10 to 90 μg/mL for pyridoxine HCl and doxylamine succinate with their correlation coefficient values 0.9995 and 0.9997. LOD and LOQ were found to be 23.5 ng/mL and 71.1 ng/mL for pyridoxine HCl and 99.9 ng/mL and 302.6 ng/mL for doxylamine succinate.

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Tsedev, Solongo, Ulzii Dashnyam, Gerelmaa Zagd e Burmaajav Badrakh. "Causes and Risk Factors for Early Neonatal Mortality in the Western Region of Mongolia". Central Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, n. 1 (25 settembre 2015): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24079/cajms.2015.01.005.

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Objectives: The incidence of perinatal, especially early neonatal mortality, has not been reducing in the western region of Mongolia, therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify causes and risk factors for early neonatal mortality in the western region of Mongolia. Methods: A case-control study for neonatal mortality was conducted in 5 hospitals in western Mongolia in 2014. Cases and controls were chosen from the hospitals. Associated causes and risk factors for early neonatal mortality were identified with subgroup binary logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 7749 live births occurred during the study period. The early neonatal mortality rate was 11.3 per 1000 births. Obstetric complications, obstetric chronic history, abruption of placenta, preeclampsia and maternal diseases influenced early neonatal mortality. Respiratory distress syndrome (OR=29.4; 95% CI, 12.78-67.65, p<0.05), perinatal asphyxia (OR=5.2; 95% CI, 2.81-9.63, p≤0.001), congenital malformation (OR=39.2; 95% CI, 5.11-302.1) and perinatal infections (OR =11.1; 95% CI, 3.64-34.28, p≤0.001) were the leading causes of newborn death in the first week. Conclusion: Overall, high rates of neonatal death demonstrate the need to improve the quality of health care and the control of delivery and factors influencing early neonatal mortality should be studied further at the national level.>

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Matsumoto, Kiyoka, Shiori Hasegawa, Satoshi Nakao, Kazuyo Shimada, Ririka Mukai, Mizuki Tanaka, Riko Satake et al. "Assessment of Reye’s syndrome profile with data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report databases using the disproportionality analysis". SAGE Open Medicine 8 (gennaio 2020): 205031212097417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120974176.

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Objectives: Reye’s syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal illness that is defined as encephalopathy accompanied by liver failure. The aim of this study was to assess Reye’s syndrome profiles by analyzing data from the spontaneous reporting system database. Methods: We analyzed reports of Reye’s syndrome using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report databases. The reporting odds ratio and proportional reporting rate were used to detect the pharmacovigilance signal. Results: The US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System contains 12,201,620 reports from January 2004 to June 2020, of which 186 are on Reye’s syndrome. The Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report contains 646,779 reports from April 2004 to September 2020, of which 30 are on Reye’s syndrome. In the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database, the reporting odds ratios (95% confidence interval, number of cases) of aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and valproate sodium were 404.6 (302.6–541.0, n = 80), 15.1 (6.7–34.1, n = 6), 26.2 (16.1–42.6, n = 18), 10.7 (5.5–20.9, n = 9), and 47.1 (26.2–84.6, n = 12), respectively. In the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, the reporting odds ratios (95% confidence interval, number of cases) of aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, loxoprofen, acetaminophen, and valproate sodium were 14.1 (5.4–36.8, n = 5), 51.7 (22.2–120.5, n = 7), 135.0 (40.8–446.2, n = 3), 17.6 (6.7–46.0, n = 5), 24.0 (9.2–62.6, n = 5), and 13.8 (3.3–57.9, n = 2), respectively. The reported number of female patients aged 30–39 years was the highest in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report. Conclusion: Although the frequency of the occurrence of Reye’s syndrome is low, the possible risk of the disease occurring in adult females should be considered.

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Wu, Huping, Shunrong Luo, Xie Fang, Xumin Shang, Zhiwen Xie, Xianwen Xiao, Zhirong Lin e Zuguo Liu. "Transepithelial corneal cross-linking assisted by two continuous cycles of iontophoresis for progressive keratoconus in adults: retrospective 5-year analysis". Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 259, n. 1 (29 luglio 2020): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04861-y.

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Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to compare the long-term effects of transepithelial corneal crosslinking with two continuous cycles of iontophoresis (EI-CXL) and conventional corneal crosslinking (C-CXL) in adults with progressive keratoconus. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in adults who underwent C-CXL or EI-CXL between 2013 and 2015. Visual acuity, corneal tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM), and endothelial cell count (ECC) were performed preoperatively and 5 years postoperatively. Results Sixty-eight patients with a mean age of (24.3 ± 3.8) years were included, 34 for each group. After CXL, UCVA or BCVA remained stable, while the spherical diopter, cylinder diopter, spherical equivalent, and Kmax significantly decreased at 1, 2, and 3 years in both groups than baseline (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in any refractive or tomographic parameters as well as the minimal corneal thickness between groups during follow-up. At 5 years, Kmax was slightly higher in EI-CXL group (58.16 ± 6.28) than that of C-CXL group (57.46 ± 4.98). At 3 and 5 years, the minimal corneal thickness in C-CXL group was still significantly lower than baseline (P < 0.05). IVCM demonstrated the demarcation zone at a mean depth of (302.0 ± 41.7) μm after C-CXL, and at (251.2 ± 28.1) μm after EI-CXL (P < 0.001). Keratocyte repopulation was detectable at all follow-up timepoint in both groups. Postoperative complications including progression were recorded in 6 patients (11.7%) after C-CXL and 3 patients (8.8%) after EI-CXL. ECC remained stable in both groups. Conclusion EI-CXL showed approximate efficacy with C-CXL in stabilizing progressive keratoconus in adults. EI-CXL has the potential to be a preferable transepithelial protocol.

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Chen, Guan-Wen, Hong-Ting Victor Lin, Li-Wen Huang, Chia-Hua Lin e Yu-Hsin Lin. "Purification and Identification of Cholesterol Micelle Formation Inhibitory Peptides of Hydrolysate from High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Protease Hydrolysis of Fermented Seabass Byproduct". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 10 (18 maggio 2021): 5295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105295.

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This research focuses on the proteolytic capacity of sea bass byproduct (SB) and their hypocholesterolemic activity via the cholesterol micelle formation (CMF) inhibition. SB was fermented with seven mixed lactic acid bacteria for 5 h at 42 °C. The lactic fermented SB was hydrolyzed with Protease N for 6 h under HHP to obtain the SB hydrolysates (HHP-assisted Protease N hydrolysis after fermentation, F-HHP-PN6). The supernatant was separated from the SB hydrolysate and freeze-dried. As the hydrolysis time extended to 6 h, soluble protein content increased from 187.1 to 565.8 mg/g, and peptide content increased from 112.8 to 421.9 mg/g, while inhibition of CMF increased from 75.0% to 88.4%. Decreasing the CMF inhibitory activity from 88.4% to 42.1% by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (FHHP-PN6 was further hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal enzymes, F-HHP-PN6-PP) reduced the CMF inhibitory activity of F-HHP-PN6. Using gel filtration chromatography, the F-HHP-PN6-PP was fractioned into six fractions. The molecular weight of the fifth fraction from F-HHP-PN6-PP was between 340 and 290 Da, and the highest inhibitory efficiency ratio (IER) on CMF was 238.9%/mg/mL. Further purification and identification of new peptides with CMF inhibitory activity presented the peptide sequences in Ser-Ala-Gln, Pro-Trp, and Val-Gly-Gly-Thr; the IERs were 361.7, 3230.0, and 302.9%/mg/mL, respectively.

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Stanley, A. J., I. A. D. Bouchier e P. C. Hayes. "Acute effect of propranolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate administration on renal blood flow in cirrhotic patients". Gut 42, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1998): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.2.283.

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Background—Propranolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) are increasingly used in the prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhosis. However, recent studies have suggested that these drugs may compromise renal function, possibly by reducing renal blood flow.Aims—To assess the acute effects of propranolol and ISMN on renal blood flow and other haemodynamic parameters in cirrhosis.Patients and methods—Twenty six cirrhotic patients were given either 80 mg propranolol, 20 mg ISMN, or a combination of the two drugs. Unilateral renal blood flow (RBF), azygos blood flow (AZBF), hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded prior to and one hour after drug administration.Results—Propranolol caused a reduction in HR (p<0.005), AZBF (p<0.01), and HVPG (p=0.05), but no change in MAP or RBF (454.1 (77.3) versus 413.9 (60.3) ml/min). ISMN reduced MAP (p<0.005) and HVPG (p<0.01), but had no effect on HR, AZBF, or RBF (302.5 (49.4) versus 301.7 (58.8) ml/min). Combined treatment reduced MAP (p<0.005), AZBF (p<0.05), and HVPG (p=0.002), but HR and RBF (419.2 (62.6) versus 415.1 (61.1) ml/min) remained unchanged.Conclusions—Despite the anticipated changes in other haemodynamic parameters, acute propranolol and/or ISMN administration did not reduce RBF. These drugs do not seem to compromise RBF in cirrhosis.

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Chahal, Anurag, Sundeep Malla, Chinmaya Dash, Deepak Gupta e Shivanand Gamanagatti. "Pull-Type Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy: An Improvised Technique Using a Frugal Innovation". Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR 03, n. 01 (27 marzo 2019): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681124.

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Abstract Purpose To describe a new technique for “pull type” radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) and prospectively compare it with conventional (described) technique in terms of technical ease (fluoroscopy time, radiation dose) and safety profile. Materials and Methods Adult patients with head injury with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (M score) < 5, one week after decompression or those requiring nutritional support for > 4 weeks, or patients with recurrent aspiration pneumonitis on nasogastric feeding were included. Hemodynamically unstable patients or those with uncorrectable coagulopathy were excluded. Patients underwent pull-type RIG with alternate patient getting allocated to groups A (conventional technique) and B (new technique). The authors compared the technical success, complication rate, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and cost of hardware in these two groups. Results The average fluoroscopy time for group A (9 patients) was 498.7 ± 145.3 seconds, whereas for group B (16 patients), it was 302.8 ± 54.1 seconds with p-value = 0.06. The mean radiation dose of group A was 74.7 ± 15.7 mGy, whereas for group B, it was 56.7 ± 14.1 mGy (p-value = 0.004). The minor complication rates were 11.1% in both the groups. Conclusion The authors’ innovative technique using a customized snare has the potential to increase the technical ease of pull-type RIG with reduced fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and cost with a similar safety profile.

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Gresores, A., S. Anderson, D. Hood, G. O. Zerbe e W. W. Hay. "Separate and joint effects of arginine and glucose on ovine fetal insulin secretion". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1997): E68—E73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.1.e68.

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To determine separate and joint effects of increases (delta) in fetal plasma concentrations of arginine (Af) and glucose (Gf) on fetal insulin (If) secretion (delta If), 15 late-gestation fetal sheep were given 5-min arginine bolus infusions (40, 86, 144, 201, and 402 mumol/kg estimated fetal wt) at 90 min of 120 min steady-state glucose clamps (basal Gf, basal + 0.6 mM Gf, and basal + 1.1 mM Gr), producing absolute and percent increases above basal Af of 25.8 +/- 1.3 microM (+33%), 50.9 +/- 6.3 microM (+66%), 83.8 +/- 7.1 microM (+108%), 122.1 +/- 9.4 microM (+156%), and 302.2 +/- 28.2 microM (+386%), respectively. Acute hyperglycemia alone produced an increase above basal If of 9 +/- I microU/ml (+80%) and 19 +/- 2 microU/ml (+170%) after basal + 0.6 mM Gf and basal + 1.1 mM Gf, respectively. Increasing values of delta Af showed separate but lesser effects on delta If, which were significant only at very high values of Af (> 100% above mean normal Af) unless marked hyperglycemia (1.5- to 2-fold normal) was also present, demonstrating joint effects of delta Af and delta Gf on delta If according to a best-fit inverse polynomial response surface. We conclude that physiological increases in Af at normal glucose concentrations are not a potent-stimulus to insulin secretion in fetal sheep.

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Al-Otaibi, Mubarak T., Ahmed I. Rushdi, Najeeb Rasul, Abdulqader Bazeyad, Khalid F. Al-Mutlaq, Saud S. Aloud e Hattan A. Alharbi. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Sources of Aliphatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Two Different Lagoons along the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia". Water 16, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16010187.

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Surface sediment samples from Al-Qahma lagoon in the southern part and Al-Wajh lagoon in the northern part of the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia were collected by a Van Veen grab sampler to determine the characteristics, distribution, and sources of aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. The total extractable organic matter (TEOM) was extracted with a dichloromethane/methanol mixture after drying and sieving the sediments and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The TEOM comprised n-alkanes (302.6 ± 446.7 ng·g−1 and 64 ± 50 ng·g−1), hopanes (29.8 ± 132.3 ng·g−1 and 1.0 ± 2.5 ng·g−1), steranes (0.0 and traces), n-alkanoic acids (745.8 ± 799.6 ng·g−1 and 120.7 ± 92.0 ng·g−1), n-alkanols (457.4 ± 1085.6 ng·g−1 and 49.7 ± 32.3 ng·g−1), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (54.5 ± 96.8 ng·g−1 and 7.8 ± 8.5 ng·g−1), and phthalates (185.3 ± 169.9 ng·g−1 and 67.4 ± 70.4 ng·g−1) in the Al-Qahma and Al-Wajh lagoon sediments, respectively. The percentages of the various sources relative to total aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbon concentrations were 6.9 ± 6% for terrestrial plants, 53.7 ± 19% for algae, 10 ± 2% for microbial, 16 ± 12% for petroleum, and 13.4 ± 7 for plasticizer inputs in Al-Qahma lagoon. In Al-Wajh lagoon, they were 9.7 ± 4% for terrestrial plants, 30.8 ± 14% for algae, 25.2 ± 5% for bacteria, 11.2 ± 3% for petroleum, and 23.1 ± 11% for plasticizers.

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O’Neill, H. A., O. B. Einkamerer, B. T. Elago e A. Ganswindt. "Concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in South African Mutton Merino sheep fed various sources of roughage". South African Journal of Animal Science 50, n. 4 (29 ottobre 2020): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i4.2.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether various sources of roughage in nutritionally balanced feedlot diets would evoke a stress response in sheep. A nutritional stress response test was performed on 20 ewes, randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 ewes per group. Ewes were kept individually in metabolic crates for thirty days. Rations were balanced nutritionally, and various sources of roughage were included; T1: alfalfa hay, T2: maize stover, T3: soya hulls; and T4: Eragrostis tef. Faeces was removed manually from the caudal rectum of each ewe at 05h00 and 19h00. Samples were frozen at -20°C until analyses. A total of 520 faecal samples were analysed to determine the concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). These concentrations were expressed as mass/g dry weight (ng/g DW). Baseline values were determined, and those greater than the mean plus 2 standard deviations were removed. Baseline values were compared between the groups with one-way ANOVA analysis. The average concentrations of fGCM were 178.77 ± 21.7 in the morning and 183.2 ± 14.4 in the evening. Sheep fed T4 had significantly higher fGCM concentrations in both morning (302.0 ± 86.1 ng/g DW) and evening (237.0 ± 48.1 ng/g DW) compared with the other treatment groups. Thus, fGCM concentrations in sheep were related to the source of roughage, and Eragrostis tef caused a stress response. Keywords: animal welfare, cortisol, dietary fibre, selective grazer, stress response

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Sánchez Gutiérrez, Ricardo Alonso, Carlos Raúl Morales Nieto, Jean Hanson, Eduardo Santellano Estrada, Pedro Jurado Guerra, José Francisco Villanueva Avalos e Alicia Melgoza Castillo. "Caracterización forrajera de ecotipos de zacate buffel en condiciones de temporal en Debre Zeit, Etiopía". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 8, n. 1 (11 agosto 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i1.68.

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Se evaluó la variabilidad del potencial de producción y calidad del forraje de 126 ecotipos de zacate buffel [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link], de temporal en Debre Zeit, Etiopía. La precipitación media anual es de 850 mm. La unidad experimental fue un surco de 5 m de longitud con 0.4 m entre plantas. Las variables evaluadas fueron: producción de forraje (PF), altura de planta (AP), largo y ancho de hoja (LH y AH), número de tallos (NT), proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro y acida (FDN y FDA) y digestibilidad in vivo de la materia orgánica (DIVMO). Se realizó análisis de correlación, componentes principales, análisis de agrupamiento, análisis discriminante y análisis multivariado de la varianza (Manova). Los valores máximos y mínimos fueron: PF de 1 302.37 a 7 442.7 kg MS ha-1, AP de 47.7 a 104.48 cm, LH y AH de 12.1 a 33.5 cm y 0.45 a 2.06 cm, respectivamente. El NT fluctuó desde 30 hasta 125, FDN y FDA de 65.3 a 73.79% y 31.8 a 44.5%, respectivamente y DIVMO de 67.9 a 80.67%. Se presentó una correlación lineal directa entre PC y DIV (rxy= 0.75; p< 0.0001). Los tres primeros componentes explicaron más de 76% de la variación total descrita por las nueve variables. Se encontró que ocho ecotipos y una variedad fueron los que presentaron mayor potencial de producción y calidad de forraje para condiciones de temporal.

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Depettris, Carlos A., Jorge V. Pilar, Hugo R. Rohrmann e Marcelo J. M. Gómez. "Análisis de precipitaciones extremas en el área metropolitana del Gran Resistencia". Aqua-LAC 13, n. 1 (31 marzo 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2021-v13-1-01.

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En el año 2019, el Área Metropolitana del Gran Resistencia, conformada por las localidades de Resistencia, Barranqueras, Puerto Vilelas y Fontana, ha soportado precipitaciones extremas durante los meses de enero y abril, cuyas consecuencias fueron inundaciones en numerosos barrios del casco céntrico y de las áreas periféricas, con el consecuente deterioro de la infraestructura urbana y problemas ambientales como la diseminación incontrolada de basura con un colapso del sistema de conducción de líquidos cloacales. La ocurrencia de estos eventos extremos diarios, medidos en la Estación Campus Resistencia de la UNNE, han sido producto de un calentamiento extraordinario de la atmósfera en la región central de Sudamérica desde abril de 2018, un debilitamiento de los sistemas frontales de la región antártica y un sostenimiento del calentamiento superficial del Océano Atlántico, creándose un corredor libre de concentración de humedad en la región. Dadas las condiciones críticas que para la población y la infraestructura se generan en el AMGR ante la ocurrencia de los eventos mencionados, se consideró necesario realizar una estimación de la Precipitación Máxima Probable (PMP) para una duración diaria aplicando el criterio estadístico de Hershfield, lo que arrojó un valor para el Factor de Frecuencia Φ = 5, resultando como consecuencia una PMP diaria de 302.2 mm, monto que debería ser tenido en cuenta para llevar adelante el diseño de los planes de contingencia a incluir en un Plan Director de Drenaje Urbano que aún falta desarrollar para esta región.

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Thaha, Sarma, Annisya Adiyanti, Usman Usman e Ahmad Rizal Sultan. "Implementasi Over Load Shedding (OLS) Pada Interbus Transformator (IBT) #3 31.5 Mva Dan IBT #5 31.5 MVA Di GI Tello 150/66 kV Untuk Menjaga Keandalan Suplai Ke GI Borongloe, GI Daya Dan GI Mandai". Jurnal Teknologi Elekterika 19, n. 1 (30 maggio 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/elekterika.v6i1.3660.

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Interbus transformer (IBT) is transformer that transfer power in different voltage level. Tello Substation has two IBT that change voltage level from 150 kV to 66 kV. In order to maintain the reliability operation of Tello substation, both IBT must be not allowed to overload. Overload condition could occur if one of the transformers is fault, the normal transformer will be overload. If an overload condition occurs, the two IBTs may not operate simultaneously. Due to this condition, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of overload condition by applying overload shedding (OLS). This OLS application can prevent overload on the transformer if one of the transformers out of service due to fault condition. The OLS relay will work when the load on the IBT has reached its setting, by releasing the load on the 66 kV system line according to the OLS scheme as a precautionary step before all transformers trip. This research uses a case study on the Makassar Subsystem, which is one of the Sulbagsel System's electrical systems. The results showed that the amount of load that needed to be removed when implementing the OLS scheme at IBT #3 and IBT #5 31.5 MVA GI Tello was 16.86 MW. The OLS and OCR schemes are coordinated with the OLS setting current at each IBT GI Tello is 302.5 A, while the setting current for OCR at each IBT GI Tello is 330 and time multiple setting ( tms) is 1.96

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Carhuapoma, Juan R., Peter B. Barker, Daniel F. Hanley e Norman J. Beauchamp. "Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Edema: Dose-Response Effect? A Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study". Stroke 32, suppl_1 (gennaio 2001): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.357-d.

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P99 Introduction: Although laboratory research in brain edema pathogenesis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) continues to provide more insight into mechanisms of secondary neuronal injury, perhaps triggered by blood and its by-products, our knowledge of the nature and progression of brain edema after human ICH remains limited. Recently, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) has demonstrated consistent apparent diffusion coefficient (Dav) elevation in perihematoma brain tissue, suggesting vasogenic edema. Objective: To study the relationship between ICH volume and the degree of Dav elevation as surrogate marker of intensity of brain edema in 6 consecutive ICH patients. Design and Methods: Patients with acute supratentorial ICH were prospectively evaluated using DWI. Dav elevation in perihematoma brain tissue and its relation to the original hematoma volume, obtained using validated computerized MRI volumetric techniques, were analyzed. Results: Six patients, mean age of 64.5 (range 44 to 87) years, were enrolled. Mean time from symptom-onset to initial MRI was 3.2 (range 2 to 6) days; mean hematoma volume was 29.9 (range 4.6–64.9) cc. Dav in perihematoma regions was 179.4 (range 120.1 to 302.5) x 10 -5 mm 2 /sec and 88.5 (range 76.5 to 102.1) x 10 -5 mm 2 /sec in contralateral corresponding regions of interest (p=0.01). Significant correlation between hematoma volume and Dav in perihematoma edema was found using Spearman’s correlation analysis (correlation coefficient rho = 0.9; p = 0.01). Dav in contralateral, homologous regions did not correlate with hematoma volume (rho = 0.6; p = 0.2) Conclusions: We report significant direct correlation between ICH volume and the degree of Dav elevation in perihematoma brain edema regions. These results suggest a dose-effect relationship between volume/concentration of blood products and intensity of surrounding vasogenic edema. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm this biologically meaningful correlation in ICH patients. If reproduced, this knowledge has the potential to further guide therapeutic trials in ICH research.

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Tiwari, Lokesh, Prakriti Gupta, Yankappa N, Amrita Banerjee, Yogesh Kumar, Prashant K. Singh, Alok Ranjan, C. M. Singh e Prabhat Kumar Singh. "Clinicodemographic profile and predictors of poor outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a single-centre, retrospective cohort study from India". BMJ Open 12, n. 6 (giugno 2022): e056464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056464.

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ObjectivesPrimary objective was to study the clinicodemographic profile of hospitalised COVID-19 patients at a tertiary-care centre in India. Secondary objective was to identify predictors of poor outcome.SettingSingle centre tertiary-care level.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsConsecutively hospitalised adults patients with COVID-19.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome variable was in-hospital mortality. Covariables were known comorbidities, clinical features, vital signs at the time of admission and on days 3–5 of admission, and initial laboratory investigations.ResultsIntergroup differences were tested using χ2 or Fischer’s exact tests, Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Predictors of mortality were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression model. Out of 4102 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients admitted during 1-year period, 3268 (79.66%) survived to discharge and 834 (20.33%) died in the hospital. Mortality rates increased with age. Death was more common among males (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81). Out of 261 cases analysed in detail, 55.1% were in mild, 32.5% in moderate and 12.2% in severe triage category. Most common clinical presentations in the subgroup were fever (73.2%), cough/coryza (65.5%) and breathlessness (54%). Hypertension (45.2%), diabetes mellitus (41.8%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD; 6.1%) were common comorbidities. Disease severity on admission (adjusted OR 12.53, 95% CI 4.92 to 31.91, p<0.01), coagulation defect (33.21, 3.85–302.1, p<0.01), CKD (5.67, 1.08–29.64, p=0.04), high urea (11.05, 3.9–31.02, p<0.01), high prothrombin time (3.91, 1.59–9.65, p<0.01) and elevated ferritin (1.02, 1.00–1.03, p=0.02) were associated with poor outcome on multivariate regression. A strong predictor of mortality was disease progression on days 3–5 of admission (adjusted OR 13.66 95% CI 3.47 to 53.68).ConclusionCOVID-19 related mortality in hospitalised adult patients at our center was similar to the developed countries. Progression in disease severity on days 3–5 of admission or days 6–13 of illness onset acts as ‘turning point’ for timely referral or treatment intensification for optimum use of resources.

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Warming, Scott, Claire Michel, Ary Serpa Neto, Kartik Kishore, Nada Marhoon, Natasha Holmes, Rinaldo Bellomo et al. "Prevalence, severity, duration and resolution of cholestasis after acute liver failure". BMJ Open Gastroenterology 9, n. 1 (aprile 2022): e000801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000801.

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ObjectivePersistent cholestasis may follow acute liver failure (ALF), but its course remains unknown. We aimed to describe the prevalence, onset, severity, duration and resolution of post-ALF cholestasis.DesignCohort of 127 adult patients with ALF at a liver transplantation centre identified using electronic databases. We obtained laboratory data every 6 hours for the first week, daily until day 30 and weekly, when documented, until day 180.ResultsMedian age was 40.7 (IQR 31.0–52.4) years, median peak alanine aminotransferase level was 5494 (2521–8819) U/L and 87 (68.5%) cases had paracetamol toxicity. Overall, 12.6% underwent transplantation (3.4% for paracetamol vs 32.5% for non-paracetamol; p<0.001). Ninety-day mortality was 20.7% for paracetamol versus 30.0% for non-paracetamol patients. All non-transplanted survivors reached a bilirubin level>50 µmol/L, which peaked 3.5 (1.0–10.1) days after admission at 169.0 (80.0–302.0) µmol/L. At hospital discharge, 18.8% of patients had normal bilirubin levels and, at a median follow-up time from admission to last measurement of 16 (10-30) days, 46.9% had normal levels. Similarly, there was an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (207.0 (148.0–292.5) U/L) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (336.0 (209.5–554.5) U/L) peaking at 4.5 days, with normalised values in 40.3% and 8.3% at hospital discharge.ConclusionPost-ALF cholestasis is ubiquitous. Bilirubin, ALP and GGT peak at 3 to 5 days and, return to baseline in the minority of patients at median follow-up of 16 days. These data inform clinical expectations of the natural course of this condition.

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Ateudjieu, Jérôme, David A. Sack, Sonia Sonkeng Nafack, Shaoming Xiao, Ketina Hirma Tchio-Nighie, Herve Tchokomeni, Landry Beyala Bita’a et al. "An Age-stratified, Randomized Immunogenicity Trial of Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine with Delayed Second Dose in Cameroon". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, n. 5 (14 novembre 2022): 974–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.22-0462.

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ABSTRACT. The recommended schedule for killed oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is two doses, 2 weeks apart. However, during vaccine campaigns, the second round is often delayed by several months. Because more information is needed to document antibody responses when the second dose is delayed, we conducted an open-label, phase 2, noninferiority clinical trial of OCV. One hundred eighty-six participants were randomized into three dose-interval groups (DIGs) to receive the second dose 2 weeks, 6 months, or 11.5 months after the first dose. The DIGs were stratified into three age strata: 1 to 4, 5 to 14, and > 14 years. Inaba and Ogawa vibriocidal titers were assessed before and after vaccination. The primary analysis was geometric mean titer (GMT) 2 weeks after the second dose. Data for primary analysis was available from 147 participants (54, 44, and 49 participants from the three DIGs respectively). Relative to the 2-week interval, groups receiving a delayed second dose had significantly higher GMTs after the second dose. Two weeks after the second dose, Inaba GMTs were 55.1 190.3, and 289.8 and Ogawa GMTs were 70.4, 134.5, and 302.4 for the three DIGs respectively. The elevated titers were brief, returning to lower levels within 3 months. We conclude that when the second dose of killed oral cholera vaccine was given after 6 or 11.5 months, vibriocidal titers were higher than when given after the standard period of 2 weeks. This provides reassurance that a delayed second dose does not compromise, but rather enhances, the serological response to the vaccine.

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Sim, Emma M., Matthew H. Claydon, Rhiannon M. Parker e Gregory M. Malham. "Brief intraoperative heparinization and blood loss in anterior lumbar spine surgery". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 23, n. 3 (settembre 2015): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.spine14888.

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OBJECT The anterior approach to the lumbar spine may be associated with iliac artery thrombosis. Intraoperative heparin can be administered to prevent thrombosis; however, there is a concern that this will increase the procedural blood loss. The aim of this study was to examine whether intraoperative heparin can be administered without increasing blood loss in anterior lumbar spine surgery. METHODS A prospective study of consecutive anterior approaches for lumbar spine surgery was performed between January 2009 and June 2014 by a single vascular surgeon and a single spine surgeon. Patients underwent an anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at L4–5 and/or L5–S1, a total disc replacement (TDR) at L4–5 and/or L5–S1, or a hybrid procedure with a TDR at L4–5 and an ALIF at L5–S1. Heparin was administered intravenously when arterial flow to the lower limbs was interrupted during the procedure. Heparin was usually reversed on removal of the causative retraction. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 188 patients with a mean age of 41.7 years; 96 (51.1%) were male. Eighty-four patients (44.7%) had an ALIF, 57 (30.3%) had a TDR, and 47 (25.0%) had a hybrid operation with a TDR at L4–5 and an ALIF at L5–S1. One hundred thirty-four patients (71.3%) underwent a single-level procedure (26.9% L4–5 and 73.1% L5–S1) and 54 (28.7%) underwent a 2-level procedure (L4–5 and L5–S1). Seventy-two patients (38.3%) received heparinization intraoperatively. Heparin was predominantly administered during hybrid operations (68.1%), 2-level procedures (70.4%), and procedures involving the L4–5 level (80.6%). There were no intraoperative ischemic vascular complications reported in this series. There was 1 postoperative deep venous thrombosis. The overall mean estimated blood loss (EBL) for the heparin group (389.7 ml) was significantly higher than for the nonheparin group (160.5 ml) (p < 0.0001). However, when all variables were analyzed with multiple linear regression, only the prosthesis used and level treated were found to be significant in blood loss (p < 0.05). The highest blood loss occurred in hybrid procedures (448.1 ml), followed by TDR (302.5 ml) and ALIF (99.7 ml). There were statistically significant differences between the EBL during ALIF compared with TDR and hybrid (p < 0.0001), but not between TDR and hybrid. The L4–5 level was associated with significantly higher blood loss (384.9 ml) compared with L5–S1 (111.4 ml) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS During an anterior exposure for lumbar spine surgery, the administration of heparin does not significantly increase blood loss. The prosthesis used and level treated were found to significantly increase blood loss, with TDR and the L4–5 level having greater blood loss compared with ALIF and L5–S1, respectively. Heparin can be administered safely to help prevent thrombotic intraoperative vascular complications without increasing blood loss.

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Choi, Yongjun, Keunkyu Park, Sangrak Lee e Youngjun Na. "Determination of in situ degradation parameters and feeding level of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) cannery by-product to Hanwoo steers". Animal Bioscience 34, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0083.

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Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the in situ degradation parameters and appropriate feeding level of pineapple cannery by-products (PCB) based on the growth performance and blood parameters of growing Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers fed various levels of PCB.Methods: Two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used for in situ disappearance rate measurements. Nylon bags (5×10 cm, 45 μm pore size) filled with 5 g of PCB in triplicate were inserted into the ventral sac of the two cannulated Holsteins cows and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. A total of 16 castrated growing Hanwoo steers (12.5±0.5 months old, 302.9±25.7 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were used for the experiment. Animals were stratified by initial BW and then randomly assigned to one of four experimental diets (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, or 6.0% of PCB, on the dry matter [DM] basis) fed for 91-d, including 30-d of adaptation.Results: Soluble fraction a of DM and crude protein (CP) was 61.9% and 86.0%, fraction b of DM and CP was 32.7% and 11.2%, and indigestible fraction c of DM and CP was 5.4% and 2.8%. The 6.0% PCB feeding group showed lower productivity compared to animals in the other treatments. Increasing the dietary level of PCB did not alter DM intake, but it was numerically lowest in the 6.0% feeding group. The gain to feed ratio was linearly decreased by increasing of PCB. The quadratic broken-line test estimated that 2.5% (DM basis) was the maximum feeding level of PCB in growing Hanwoo steers (y = 0.103 – 0.001×[1.245–x]2, R2 = 0.18).Conclusion: Diets containing up to 2.5% PCB can be fed to growing Hanwoo steers without adverse effects on growth performance.

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Lenzen, R., V. J. Hruby e N. Tavoloni. "mechanism of glucagon choleresis in guinea pigs". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, n. 5 (1 novembre 1990): G736—G744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.5.g736.

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The present studies were carried out to clarify the mechanism of glucagon choleresis in guinea pigs. At the infusion rate of 1.4 nmol.min-1.kg-1, glucagon increased bile flow from 206.6 +/- 14.3 to 302.6 +/- 35.0 microliters.min-1.kg-1 and bicarbonate biliary concentration from 63.7 +/- 4.2 to 75.5 +/- 5.9 meq/l. Measurements of bile acid excretion in bile, the biliary tree volume, and of the hormone choleretic effect in guinea pigs with proliferated bile ductules/ducts induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate feeding indicated that glucagon, unlike secretin, stimulated canalicular bile flow. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin administration (5 mg.kg-1.h-1) did not modify the choleretic effect of glucagon, and infusion of a glucagon analogue (TH-glucagon, 1.4 nmol.min-1.kg-1), which did not increase hepatic formation of adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), failed to stimulate bile flow. Like the parent hormone, however, TH-glucagon augmented plasma glucose levels and stimulated formation of inositol phosphates. Colchicine pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg ip) almost entirely prevented the choleretic effect of glucagon but did not modify spontaneous and bile acid-induced bile flow and the stimulatory effect of the hormone on glucose release and on hepatic formation of cAMP and inositol phosphates. Finally, glucagon produced a large increase in the biliary entry of horseradish peroxidase, even though this effect was transient and was not coupled to the increase in bile flow. These results indicate that glucagon choleresis in the guinea pig is not secondary to prostaglandin release, is canalicular in origin, involves bicarbonate secretion, is mediated by cAMP, and requires an intact microtubular system.

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Gallagher, Brian W., Katherine L. Mistretta, Pooyan Abbasi e Richard G. Levine. "Effect of Lateral Retinacular Release on Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2022): 232596712210768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221076877.

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Background: When performing a medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, surgeons may place the MPFL graft under higher than anatomic tension to minimize the chance of recurrent instability. Purpose: To investigate whether a lateral retinacular release (LRR) significantly decreases patellofemoral contact pressures after an overtensioned (OT) MPFL reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Mean and peak pressure across the patellofemoral joint at 30°, 45°, and 60° of flexion was assessed in 14 cadaveric knee specimens with intact MPFL, transected MPFL, reconstructed MPFL with graft OT, and OT MPFL with LRR. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine differences across states, with W and C values calculated when possible. Results: Mean pressure decreased significantly after MPFL transection compared with intact at 30° (456.9 ± 116.8 vs 410.9 ± 109.4 N, P = .006, W < 7) and 45° (404.9 ± 91.7 vs 369.4 ± 85.3 N, P = .005, W < 5) and increased significantly from intact to OT graft at 30° (456.9 ± 116.8 vs 563.0 ± 11.2 N, P = .003, W < 7), 45° (404.9 ± 91.7 vs 481.4 ± 14.8 N, P = .005, W < 5), and 60° (272.9 ± 139.0 vs 367.0 ± 53.7 N, P = .007, W < 3). Peak pressure increased significantly between intact and OT graft at 30° (1364.0 ± 478.2 vs 2094.4 ± 619.8 N, P = .002, W < 9), 45° (1224.7 ± 491.5 vs 1676.7 ± 779.1 N, P = .005, W < 5), and 60° (1117.7 ± 566.8 vs 1604.2 ± 772.9 N, W < 3). In knees with significantly increased mean pressure after overtensioning, mean pressure increased by 23.3% (11/14 knees) at 30°, 18.3% (10/14 knees) at 45°, and 35.0% (10/14 knees) at 60°. Peak pressure increased significantly by 35.3% (30°), 25.2% (45°), and 29.3% (60°). A significant decrease in mean pressure, toward but not to baseline, was observed between the OT and LRR states at 30° (563.0 ± 11.2 vs 501.5 ± 9.3 N, W < 7) and 60° (367.0 ± 53.7 vs 302.0 ± 13.8 N, W < 5) and a decrease in peak pressure at 30° (2094.4 ± 619.8 vs 1886.5 ± 655.3 N; W < 9). Conclusion: LRR led to a statistically significant decrease in pressure across the patellofemoral joint in knees that demonstrated increased contact pressures after an OT MPFL graft. Clinical Relevance: LRR after an MPFL reconstruction in which the MPFL graft has been OT may help reduce patellofemoral contact pressures at the time of surgery.

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Cutler, Andrew J., Ann C. Childress, Antonio Pardo, Eman Rafla, Stephanie Duhoux, Judith C. Kando e Lori Dansie. "Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Amphetamine Extended-Release Tablet in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". CNS Spectrums 27, n. 2 (aprile 2022): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852922000487.

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AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by pervasive impairment in symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Psychopharmacologic treatment is targeted at the management of symptoms of ADHD, and evidence exists that ADHD persists into adulthood. Clinical practice guidelines recommend a combination of behavior therapy and psychostimulant medication for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. Psychostimulants are often prescribed for ADHD in adults, and amphetamine long has been considered a mainstay of treatment for this population. As adult patients seek relief from ADHD symptoms early in the workday and into the early evening hours, with fewer required doses, extended-release formulations with an early onset of efficacy and an extended duration of effect are considered very desirable. The amphetamine-extended release tablet (AMPH ER TAB) was developed to provide a portable, easy-to-use amphetamine tablet dosage option that can be chewed or swallowed whole.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of an Amphetamine Extended-Release Tablet (AMPH ER TAB) in adults with ADHD aged 18 to 60 years. Methods: In a 5-week forced dose-titration phase, eligible subjects were randomized to either oral double-blind AMPH ER TAB 5 mg starting dose or matching placebo, once daily in the morning beginning the day after the Baseline Visit. Subjects were titrated up (5 mg increments) each week. Safety and efficacy assessments were done weekly. After Visit 3, subjects received 20 mg for 14 (3) days before Visit 5 (V5). Subjects who could not tolerate study drugs discontinued. A Permanent Product Measure of Performance (PERMP) placement test was done at Screening or Baseline. At V5, efficacy assessments included the administration of serial PERMPs predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14 hours postdose. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean PERMP-T score across postdose time points during the Visit 5 serial PERMPs. Safety was monitored by AEs assessed at each visit, C-SSRS, vital signs, weight, and assessment of sleep, appetite, mood, and psychotic AEs.ResultsThe mean postdose PERMP-T score over all postdose time points at V5 was statistically significantly higher in the AMPH ER TAB group vs placebo (302.8 vs 279.6; P = .0043). Common adverse events were decreased appetite, insomnia, and dry mouth. The majority of TEAEs were mild to moderate in severity, and no SAEs were reported.ConclusionThe AMPH ER TAB demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of symptoms of ADHD in adults, with an anticipated safety profile.FundingTris Pharma, Inc.

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Aly, Sumarni Hamid, Muralia Hustim, Mary Selintung, Rasdiana Zakaria, Ibrahim Djamaluddin e Nur An-Nisa Putry. "Sosialisasi Dan Perencanaan Konsep Green Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Pada Pemukiman Kumuh Di Kelurahan Mario Kota Makassar". JURNAL TEPAT : Applied Technology Journal for Community Engagement and Services 3, n. 1 (30 giugno 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/jurnal_tepat.v3i1.101.

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The increase in urban slum areas provokes the adaptation impact of the community towards the capability conflict and the need for shelter. Slums management by displacing residents often raises new problems that are equally complicated. Hence, another alternative treatment by maintaining household-scale green open space (RTH) to improve the quality of life of the community and the environment is necessary. The problem of slums in big cities, including in the city of Makassar has not been able to be overcome properly, one of which is the problem of slums in the Mario Sub-District, Mariso District, Makassar City where the conditions of the slums are a severe result. The concept of managing the existing slums is not only producing buildings that are habitable, but also providing green open space is one of the solutions in structuring the existing area. At present, green open space not only provides open space planted with green vegetation but has the concept of Sustainable Open Green Space or known as the Green RTH concept. In this case, the concept introduced to local residents is green open where available wastewater treatment, composter and infiltration wells and biopores. It is these facilities which are expected to be able to deal directly with the problems of clean air, wastewater and waste problems that are always present in slums. The presence of the “Sustainable” Green Open Space which explains the concept of Green RTH namely green waste and green water can minimize the slums in the region. In green waste concept, 3 communal composters are made, each composter has a volume of 440 liters for 1235.775 liters / day of waste generation, while in the green water concept, a Wastewater Treatment Plant has an area of 302.8 m2, 1 infiltration well , 5 biopori infiltration holes and 2 hydrants.

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Furer, Victoria, Tali Eviatar, Devy Zisman, Hagit Peleg, Yolanda Braun-Moscovici, Alexandra Balbir-Gurman, Daphna Paran et al. "Predictors of Immunogenic Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Treated with Rituximab". Vaccines 10, n. 6 (6 giugno 2022): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060901.

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Treatment with rituximab (RTX) blunts SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced humoral response. We sought to identify predictors of a positive immunogenic response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) treated with RTX (AIIRD-RTX). We analyzed 108 AIIRD-RTX patients and 122 immunocompetent controls vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA participating in a multicenter vaccination study. Immunogenicity was defined by positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG. We used a stepwise backward multiple logistic regression to identify predicting factors for a positive immunogenic response to vaccination and develop a predicting calculator, further validated in an independent cohort of AIIRD-RTX BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated patients (n = 48). AIIRD-RTX patients who mounted a seropositive immunogenic response significantly differed from patients who did not by a lower number of RTX courses (median (range) 3 (1–10) vs. 5 (1–15), p = 0.007; lower cumulative RTX dose (mean ± SD) 6943.11 ± 5975.74 vs. 9780.95 ± 7240.12 mg, p = 0.033; higher IgG level prior to last RTX course (mean ± SD), 1189.78 ± 576.28 vs. 884.33 ± 302.31 mg/dL, p = 0.002), and extended interval between RTX treatment and vaccination, 469.82 ± 570.39 vs. 162.08 ± 160.12 days, p = 0.0009, respectively. Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and inflammatory myositis had a low likelihood of a seropositive immunogenic response compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis, odds ratio (OR) 0.209, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.046–0.96, p = 0.044 and OR 0.189, 95% CI 0.036–0.987, p = 0.048, respectively. Based on these findings, we constructed a calculator predicting the probability of a seropositive immunogenic response following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination which performed with 90.5% sensitivity, 59.3% specificity, and 63.3% positive and 88.9% negative predictive values. In summary, the predicting calculator could guide clinicians for optimal timing of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in AIIRD-RTX patients.

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Mamoon-ur-Rashid, Muhammad. "Relative resistance of maize varieties against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), (Coleoptera: Curcolionidae)". Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58, n. 04 (1 settembre 2021): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.45.

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The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most damaging pests of stored cereals causing severe damage to stored grains. In current investigation, six open pollinated maize varieties viz. JALAL (white), AZAM (white), SADAF (yellow), ZARD LOCAL (yellow), KASHMIRI (yellow) and PAHARI (white) were screened out in the laboratory of Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for their relative susceptibility/resistance to maize weevil. The experiment was laid out following completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replicates. Results revealed that minimum (23.8) days to adult emergence of maize weevil were recorded when it was reared on variety Azam; whereas; maximum (34.2) days were recorded on variety Sadaf. Total number of F1 adults emerged were maximum (91) in Azam while minimum (62) in variety Sadaf. Percent infestation of maize kernels was maximum (39.01%) in Azam while minimum (25.80%) was recorded in variety Sadaf. Percent weight loss was maximum in Azam i.e. 26.12% while minimum percent weight loss (16.88%) was recorded in Sadaf. Maximum longevity (68.4 days) of adult weevils was recorded on Azam while minimum (53.4 days) was recorded on variety Sadaf. All the tested varieties had no significant effect on the sex ratio of emerged weevils. High germination percentage was recorded in Sadaf (90%) whereas; low germination was found in Azam (57%). The grain hardness test indicated that yellow varieties including Sadaf, Zard local and Kashmiri had maximum hardness having 317, 302.33 and 296 N grain hardness, whereas; white varieties i.e. Pahari, Jalal and Azam had minimum values of grain hardness i.e. 264.33, 251.66 and 238.33 Newton. The present work has shown that Azam is the most susceptible variety and should not be stored for longer periods whereas; Sadaf is the resistant variety against maize weevil.

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Mogal, Harveshp, Rebecca Dodson, Nora Fino, Cecilia Grace Ethun, Timothy M. Pawlik, George A. Poultsides, Thuy Tran et al. "Effect of preoperative bilirubin on outcomes of completely resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multi-institutional analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, n. 4_suppl (1 febbraio 2016): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.326.

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326 Background: Perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients with Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) and preoperative hyperbilirubinemia have not been clearly defined. Methods: Patients with HC undergoing hepatectomy with a complete (R0/R1) resection between 2000 and 2014 were identified within a 10-institution prospectively maintained database. Using receiver operating characteristic curves from logistic regression models, a peak bilirubin cutoff point that minimized the difference between the sensitivity and specificity, was determined. Factors affecting perioperative complications were estimated using logistic regression. Results: 191 of 328 (58.2%) patients who underwent complete resection with a hepatectomy, with available preoperative bilirubin data were analyzed. 37.2% (n = 71) had bilirubin > 7.9. Patients with higher preoperative bilirubin were more likely to have a higher CA 19-9 (1776±3721.5 vs 302.1±518.6, p = 0.0006), more comorbidities (1.6±0.8 vs 1.4±0.9; p = 0.002), preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) (91.4% vs 75.6%, p = 0.007), positive lymph nodes (48.5% vs 31.5%, p = 0.025) and perioperative death (14.5% vs 5.2%, p = 0.0292). Multivariate analysis identified PBD (OR 3.2, CI 1.4-7.5; p = 0.008) and smoking (OR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.4; p = 0.016) to be independent predictors of any and major complications. Peak bilirubin > 7.9 (OR 3.1, CI 1.1-8.9; p = 0.04) and preoperative systemic sepsis (PSS) (OR 5.0, CI 1.2-21.5; p = 0.03) were associated with increased risk of postoperative mortality. However, on multivariate analysis only PSS was significant (OR 14.4, CI 2.2-93.9; p = 0.005); 5/13 (23.1%) of patients with PSS died within 30 days after surgery. Conclusions: PSS portends increased operative mortality in HC patients undergoing hepatectomy, independent of preoperative peak bilirubin levels. Prevention and aggressive treatment of PSS should be the priority in the preoperative optimization of these patients.

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Ilkiw, J. E., S. F. Forsyth, T. Hill e C. R. Gregory. "Atracurium administration, as an infusion, to induce neuromuscular blockade in clinically normal and temporarily immune-suppressed cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197, n. 9 (1 novembre 1990): 1153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.197.09.1153.

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Summary Atracurium besylate, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, was administered by infusion to 10 cats that were anesthetized with isoflurane and oxygen to allow transplantation of a myocutaneous flap. Five of the cats were given cyclosporine (20 mg/kg of body weight, po, q 12 h in divided doses) for 2 days prior to anesthesia, and prednisolone (0.25 mg/kg, po) on the morning of surgery. The other 5 cats were not given either drug. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed, using the train-of-four stimulation, and throughout surgery, the infusion rate was adjusted to maintain the first-twitch response (T1) at 90 to 95% depression from baseline. At completion of surgery, atracurium was discontinued, and the infusion rate and the time for recovery (the time for the train-of-four ratio to increase from 50 to 75%) were recorded. Once the train-of-four ratio had been stable for 10 minutes, edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg), a cholinesterase inhibitor, was administered iv, and neuromuscular blockade was monitored for another 10 minutes. Mean (±sd) duration of the atracurium infusion was 302.1 ± 70.5 minutes for the control group and was 323.9 ± 61.7 minutes for the cats given cyclosporine and prednisolone. In the cats of the control group, the infusion rate required to induce 90 to 95% T1 depression from baseline was 3.7 ± 0.7 μg/kg/min. This rate was not significantly different from that of 2.8 ± 1.2 μg/kg/min in cats given cyclosporine and prednisolone. Significant difference in recovery time was not evident between the control group and the treated group (6.4 ± 4.5 minutes vs 6.2 ± 2.5 minutes). In this study, administration of atracurium by continuous infusion proved to be a suitable method of obtaining neuromuscular blockade for a prolonged period. Administration of cyclosporine and prednisolone did not affect the infusion rate of atracurium required to depress the first twitch by 90 to 95% and did not affect return of neuromuscular function.

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Ikuta, Yasunari, Tomoyuki Nakasa, Yusuke Tsuyuguchi, Yuki Ota, Munekazu Kanemitsu e Nobuo Adachi. "Retrograde Drilling for Osteochondral Lesion of the Talar Dome in Juvenile Patients". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2019): 2473011419S0003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00037.

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Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Osteochondral lesion of the talar dome (OLT) is common condition that causes pain of ankle joint in juvenile patients. Several surgical options have been available such as excision of detached cartilage fragment, microfracture, autologous cancellous bone graft and osteochondral autografting depending on the status of OLT. Arthroscopic drilling including transmalleolar or retrograde technique could be a good option for OLT patients with stable osteochondral fragment with normal articular surface. Retrograde drilling has an advantage in preventing the iatrogenic articular cartilage injury. This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcome of the retrograde drilling for OLT in juvenile patients. Methods: Our retrospective analysis included 8 patients who underwent retrograde drilling for OLT, in 5 boys and 3 girls, with a mean age of 14.9 years (range, 11-19). Range of motion (ROM) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle- hindfoot score were evaluated as the clinical outcomes. OLTs were classified into 4 grades according to arthroscopic findings by international cartilage research society (ICRS) classification. Radiographic analysis was performed using preoperative and postoperative images. Growth plate was evaluated on plane radiographs, and the location and size of OLT were assessed on computed tomography. The high intensity area of the talus was also measured on T2 fat suppression images. Results: All 8 patients were followed with a mean follow-up period of 2 years, and they had no complication or revision surgery. The mean total ROM were 65.6° preoperatively and 67.1° postoperatively. AOFAS scale improved from 69.3 to 96.7 (p = 0.012). The ICRS 1 and 2 OLT lesions were identified arthroscopically in 5 and 3 patients, respectively. Growth plate remained open in 4 patients, and OLTs were located on the posteromedial in 7 patients, center in 1 patient. The mean size of OLT fragment was 9.8 mm, 6.8 mm and 3.5 mm in length, width and height. Coronal and sagittal T2 fat suppression images demonstrated that the high intensity area of 241.3 mm2, 554.5 mm2 at preoperative status and 190.9 mm2, 302.6 mm2 at final follow-up status. Conclusion: These findings revealed that the retrograde drilling remarkably improved clinical status in juvenile OLT patients. The high intensity area at the talus remained postoperatively, however, that did not affect clinical results. Retrograde drilling procedure should be considered for treating juvenile patients in the early period after detection of the OLT.

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Berger, David A., Ishmael Jaiyesimi e Paras Khandhar. "ACase Of Asymptomatic Pediatric Chronic MyelogenousLeukemia With Hyperleukocytosis". Blood 122, n. 21 (15 novembre 2013): 5198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5198.5198.

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Abstract Introduction Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) represents 3% of pediatric leukemias. The natural history and molecular biology of pediatric CML is the same as those of older patients with CML. 95% of pediatric CML presents in asymptomatic chronic phase and the rest diagnosed in accelerated or in blast crisis stage. It is reported that patients with pediatric CML have higher white blood cell (WBC) counts and thereby have higher incidence of symptomatic leukostasis compared to adults. Sparse literature exists on particular triggers for treatment with leukapheresis (LA). We present a case of asymptomatic hyperleukocytosis (HL) secondary to pediatric CML and a brief discussion of treatment in this emergency. Objective To report a rare case of asymptomatic pediatric CML with HL. Case Summary A 9-year-old Caucasian male presented to his pediatrician on the outpatient basis for well child care and was found to have a WBC of > 200,000 and then was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for further management. Upon arrival in the PICU, pt was found to have splenomegaly (down 4-5 cm from the costal margin) and hepatomegaly (2 cm down from costal margin). CBC revealed hemoglobin of 7.4 g/dL, platelet of 883 bil/L and a total white blood cell count (WBC) of 302.7 bil/L. A differential on the WBC revealed 43.9 basophils, 24.2 blasts, and 6.1 promyelocytes. Flow cytometry showed prominent myeloid population with 5% CD34 positive myeloblasts and a prominent basophil population, consistent with morphological expression of CML. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a t(9,22)(q34;q11) translocation consistent with a Philadelphia chromosome. Pediatric Leukaphresis (LA) for cytoreduction was not available at our facility, thus he was transferred. Discussion The HL in this patient is a direct result of his pediatric CML. The decision regarding need for cytoreduction with LA has been described in the literature for symptomatic children, but no case has been reported of when to perform LA when no symptoms of leukostasis are present. Conclusions In this case, it was discovered that the trigger(s) to perform LA is vague in the literature, as well as controversial in practice especially with well appearing children with the potential for a swift precarious demise. Further studies and meta-analyses to uncover the proper triggers for LA are warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Pelletier, Marc R., Peter A. Pahapill, Peter S. Pennefather e Peter L. Carlen. "Analysis of Single KATP Channels in Mammalian Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells". Journal of Neurophysiology 84, n. 5 (1 novembre 2000): 2291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2291.

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ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are heteromultimer complexes of subunits from members of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel and the ATP-binding cassette protein superfamilies. KATP channels couple metabolic state to membrane excitability, are distributed widely, and participate in a variety of physiological functions. Understood best in pancreatic β cells, where their activation inhibits insulin release, KATP channels have been implicated also in postischemia cardio- and neuroprotection. The dentate gyrus (DG) is a brain region with a high density of KATP channels and is relatively resistant to ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell death. Therefore we were interested in describing the characteristics of single KATP channels in DG granule cells. We recorded single KATP channels in 59/105 cell-attached patches from DG granule cells in acutely prepared hippocampal slices. Single-channel openings had an E K close to 0 mV (symmetrical K+) and were organized in bursts with a duration of 19.3 ± 1.6 (SE) ms and a frequency of 3.5 ± 0.8 Hz, a unitary slope conductance of 27 pS, and a low, voltage-independent, probability of opening ( P open, 0.04 ± 0.01). Open and closed dwell-time histograms were fitted best with one (τopen = 1.3 ± 0.2 ms) and the sum of two (τclosed,fast = 2.6 ± 0.9 ms, τclosed,slow = 302.7 ± 67.7 ms) exponentials, respectively, consistent with a kinetic model having at least a single open and two closed states. The P open was reduced ostensibly to zero by the sulfonylureas, glybenclamide (500 nM, 2/6; 10 μM,11/14 patches) and tolbutamide (20 μM, 4/6; 100 μM, 4/4 patches). The blocking dynamics for glybenclamide included transition to a subconductance state (43.3 ± 2.6% of control I open channel). Unlike glybenclamide, the blockade produced by tolbutamide was reversible. In 5/5 patches, application of diazoxide (100 μM) increased significantly P open (0.12 ± 0.02), which was attributable to a twofold increase in the frequency of bursts (8.3 ± 2.0 Hz). Diazoxide was without effect on τopen and τclosed,fastbut decreased significantly τclosed,slow(24.4 ± 2.6 ms). We observed similar effects in 6/7 patches after exposure to hypoxia/hypoglycemia, which increased significantly P open (0.09 ± 0.03) and the frequency of bursts (7.1 ± 1.7 Hz) and decreased significantly τclosed,slow (29.5 ± 1.8 ms). We have presented convergent evidence consistent with single KATP channel activity in DG granule cells. The subunit composition of KATP channels native to DG granule cells is not known; however, the characteristics of the channel activity we recorded are representative of Kir6.1/SUR1, SUR2B-based channels.

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Tussey, Emma, Corey Rynders e Christine Swanson. "262 Comparing Two Methods for Scoring Wrist Actigraphy to Polysomnography for Estimating Total Sleep Time in Healthy Men". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 maggio 2021): A105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.261.

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Abstract Introduction This analysis assessed whether manually setting rest (i.e., time in bed) intervals prior to using a proprietary software package (Actiware, version 6.09) to analyze wrist actigraphy data improved estimates of total sleep time (TST) compared to polysomnography (PSG). Methods The Phillips Actiwatch 2 and PSG (reference method) were used to calculate TST on two separate nights in twelve men (age=28.3 ± 5.7). Participants had an 8-hour sleep opportunity on night one and a 5-hour sleep opportunity and on night two. Estimates of TST from actigraphy data were calculated using two scoring methods. For scoring method 1, we allowed the software to automatically choose rest intervals and then applied a proprietary algorithm to calculate TST. For scoring method 2, we manually entered rest intervals using a published decision tree that incorporates activity, light, event marker, and sleep diary data. After the rest intervals were set in method 2, the proprietary algorithm was applied to calculate TST. Mean bias and limits of agreement (LOA) from Bland-Altman plots compared TST derived from both actigraphy scoring methods to PSG estimates. Results On night 1 (n=8) TST measured by PSG was 398.4 ± 40.6 minutes, compared to 395.5 ± 70.9 minutes using actigraphy scoring method 1 and 396 ± 44.5 minutes using scoring method 2. Mean bias was similar when comparing both scoring methods to PSG, but the LOA were wider in method 1 compared to method 2 (method 1 vs. PSG: -2.9 [-110.4, 104.7]; method 2 vs. PSG: -2.4 [-66.5, 61.7]; minutes). On night 2 (n=12) TST determined by PSG was 283.3 ± 11.2 minutes, compared to 302.1 ± 84.4 minutes using actigraphy scoring method 1 and 273.1 ± 14.5 minutes using scoring method 2. Again, LOA for TST estimated by actigraphy scoring method 1 were wider compared to scoring method number 2 (method 1 vs. PSG: 18.8 [-136.9, 174.6]; method 2 vs. PSG: -10.2 [-35.1, 14.8]). Conclusion These data demonstrate that applying a decision tree to manually set time in bed intervals prior to running analyses in the software results in better agreement when estimating TST from wrist actigraphy compared to PSG. Support (if any) UL1RR025780, K23AR070275.

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Gao, Chen, Alfred H. Stammers, Rebecca L. Ahlgren, Tunisia A. Ellis, Hunter B. Holcomb, Bernadette T. Nutter, Ryan G. Schmer e Lynette Hock. "The Effects of Preprimed Oxygenators on Gas Transfer Efficiency". Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 35, n. 2 (giugno 2003): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/2003352121.

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Cancellation of on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting after the circuit is primed may result in the discarding of unused circuits. In some off-pump cases, a surgeon may request that the circuit be primed, but complete the surgical procedure without utilizing the circuit. The major concerns about the unused circuit are its sterility and the performance of the oxygenator after it has been primed for a long period of time. The goal of this study is to determine whether prepriming of the circuit with and without albumin has an effect on the gas transfer efficiency of oxygenators during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass. Monolyth integrated membrane lungs (Sorin Biomedical, Arvada, CO) were used to deoxygenate and oxygenate the bovine blood. Oxygenators were preprimed for 72 (N = 6) and 24 (N = 6) hours before testing. In control group (N = 6), oxygenators were tested immediately (0 h) after they were primed. Three different priming solutions were used: physiological saline solution (Group A); 1.25% of human albumin (Group B); and 5% human albumin (Group C). The blood was modified to the American Association of Medical Instrumentation Standards before testing. The blood flow through the oxygenators was set at 2 Lpm and 4 Lpm, with gas (FiO2 at 1.0) to blood flow ratio at 1:1. Cultures were also obtained from preprimed oxygenators to test circuit sterility. Oxygen transfer in oxygenators primed for 0 h at blood flow of 4 Lpm were 203 mL/min ± 9.7 (Group A), 263.1 mL/min ± 52.9 (Group B), and 270.5 mL/min ± 13.1(Group C, p < .01 vs. Group A). In oxygenators preprimed for 72 h, the CO2 transfers were 135.0 mL/min ± 21.8 (Group A), 104.9 mL/ min ± 2.4 (Group B), and 148.9 ± 26.6 (Group C, p < .006 vs. Group B). In addition, the pressure drops were 56.5 mmHg ± 5.5 (Group A), 82.6 mmHg ± 13.4 (Group B), and 67.6 mmHg ± 15.3 (Group C, p < .05 vs. Group B). In group A, O2 transfer were 203.5 mL/min ± 9.7 (0 h), 272.4 mL/min ± 66.6 (24 h), and 260.8 mL/min ± 31.1 (72 h, p < .01 vs. 0 h). In group B, O2 transfer were 263.1 mL/min ± 52.0 (0 h), 302.7 mL/min ± 77.4 (24 h), and 235.2 mL/min ± 16.5 (72 hr, p < .02 vs. 24 hr). Cultures obtained from 12 preprimed oxygenators presented no organism growth for up to 5 days. In conclusion, oxygen transfer increases in oxygenators preprimed with albumin immediately after they were primed. However, gas transfer decreased after they were primed with albumin for 72 h. Oxygenators preprimed for 24 h and 72 h with 0.9% saline had better O2 transfer than those primed for 0 h.

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Mason, Gina, Taylor Christiansen, Victoria Dionisos, David Barker, Daniel Dickstein, Mary Carskadon e Jared Saletin. "0227 Impact of 5-night sleep restriction on actigraphy-estimated sleep in young adolescents: preliminary associations with ADHD traits". SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (1 maggio 2023): A100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0227.

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Abstract Introduction Prior research suggests that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) may experience disrupted sleep. In typically developing children, short-term sleep restriction increases sleep pressure and efficiency; however, whether a similar homeostatic response occurs in children with ADHD is unknown. Here we explore the effects of 5 nights of experimental sleep restriction on actigraphy-estimated sleep of children with and without high ADHD characteristics. Methods Nineteen young adolescents (Mage=12.24yr, range 10.17-13.88yr; 10F/9M) participated in an at-home crossover protocol. After ≥5 nights of stabilization (10hr time-in-bed[TIB] set to habitual risetimes), participants had five nights of sleep optimization (SO; same stabilization schedule) or restriction (SR; 7.5hr TIB, sleep opportunity reduced by delaying bedtime and advancing risetime equally), a 2-3 night restabilization, and then the reverse schedule. Sleep was assessed via wrist-worn actigraphy (AMI Micro Motionlogger), sleep diaries, and twice-daily phone calls ensuring schedule adherence. Primary sleep variables included: total sleep time (TST; min), sleep period time (SPT; min), and sleep efficiency (TST/SPT*100). Children were grouped by parent-rated Conners 3 ADHD-Probability-Index: < 50% (low-ADHD; n=10, 8F) or >=50% (high-ADHD; n=9, 2F). Results Mixed-effects ANOVAs evaluating condition (SO vs. SR) and group (low- vs. high-ADHD) on schedule adherence indicated significant effects of condition; that is, SR reduced both SPT (M±SD SO=9.08[0.54]hr, SR=7.10[0.57]hr; F(1,17)=479.75, p<.001, ηp2=.97) and TST (M±SD SO=7.92[0.97]hr, SR=6.38[0.86]hr; F(1,17)=302.13, p<.001, ηp2=.95). No group or group-by-condition effects were significant (all ps>.21). For sleep efficiency, a group-x-condition interaction (F(1,17)=8.29, p=.01, ηp2=.33) revealed that SR significantly increased sleep efficiency in low-ADHD children (M±SD SO=85.08[9.95]%, SR=89.74[7.66]%, Bonferroni-p<.001) but not in high-ADHD children (M±SD SO=90.67[3.74]%, SR=91.21[3.19]%, Bonferroni-p=.61). Other between-group effects were not significant (all ps>.12). Conclusion These preliminary data indicate that our sleep restriction protocol successfully reduces sleep opportunity and sleep duration in peripubertal children, including those with high ADHD traits. Notably, sleep restriction improved sleep efficiency in low-ADHD children, whereas sleep efficiency was high and unchanging in our high-ADHD group. It is possible that high-ADHD children maintained higher sleep pressure even after stabilization. While data collection (matching groups on sex and age) continues, we are examining waking EEG markers to explore this possibility. Support (if any) R01HD103655, P20GM139743

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Yang, Huiying, Hanqi Luo, Madeleine Zeiler, O. Yaw Addo, Parminder Suchdev, Melissa Young e Yi-An Ko. "Median Urinary Iodine Concentration in School-Age Children Does Not Consistently Vary by Inflammation or Sociodemographic Factors: Multi-Country Analysis From BRINDA". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (giugno 2022): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.079.

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Abstract Objectives Iodine is an essential micronutrient that plays a critical role in child growth and development. This study aimed to examine median urinary iodine concentrations (mUIC) by country and key health and sociodemographic factors. Methods Nationally representative surveys from Bangladesh (n = 1282), Ecuador (n = 6063), Malawi (n = 758), and the U.S. (n = 3548) were analyzed to estimate mUIC among school-age children (6–12 years old) from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. WHO classifies mUICs into four categories: insufficient iodine intake, defined as mUIC < 100 μg/L; adequate iodine nutrition categorized as mUIC from 100 to 199 μg/L; above the required intake as mUIC from 200 to 299 μg/L; and excessive intake as mUIC >300 μg/L. Inflammation was defined by Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) of >1 g/L or C-reactive protein (CRP) of >5 mg/L. Underweight was defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) for age z-score < −2 and overweight was defined as BMI z-score >2. Complex survey designs were applied to calculate the mUIC for each country. Design-based median tests were used to examine whether mUICs differed by age, sex, weight status, and inflammation status by country. Results mUIC was adequate in Bangladesh (138.5 μg/L) and above the required intake in Ecuador (251.0 μg/L), Malawi (265.5 μg/L), and the U.S. (230.0 μg/L). Boys had a significantly higher mUIC than girls in Ecuador (257.0 vs. 237.0 μg/L, P = 0.03), Malawi (302.0 vs. 226.8 μg/L, P = 0.01), and the U.S. (264.0 vs. 210.3 μg/L, P = 0.04). mUIC was not significantly different by age groups (6–9 vs. 10–12 years), weight status, and inflammation status, except in Bangladesh where the group with inflammation had a higher mUIC than the group without (153.0 vs. 130.0 μg/L, P = 0.04). Conclusions Although heterogeneity existed in mUICs across different countries, iodine intake was adequate or above requirements in all four countries. Compared to girls, boys had higher mUIC in 3 countries, and the group with inflammation had higher mUIC in 1 country. mUIC did not differ by other socioeconomic or anthropometric factors. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, HarvestPlus, and the United States Agency for International Development.

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Suhasfan, Paranai, e Eko Adhi Setiawan. "The Optimum Simulation Analysis of Sustainable Microgrid Electricity System Based on Hybrid Power Plant on Tunda Island, Banten Province". Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, n. 7 (20 febbraio 2022): 931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.114.

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Tunda Island is one of the islands in a group of 17 islands in the north of Java, Banten Province. Electrical energy in Tunda Island is supplied by 2 Private Diesel Genset, each of which has an installed capacity of 100 kVA and 75 kVA, with an operating time of 4-5 hours per day starting from 18.00 to 22.00. The microgrid electrical system has several advantages, in terms of efficiency, microgrid can reduce the use of fossil fuels in power plants, besides that it can reduce losses caused by the distribution system because the location of the microgrid generator is relatively close to the load. In terms of reliability, the microgrid electrical system can optimally manage energy sources for 7 days and 24 hours. In addition, the microgrid electrical system has the ability to work without being connected to the grid. With the use of a microgrid electricity system, the electricity costs that must be paid are less and most importantly can reduce carbon emissions, because the plants used in the microgrid electricity system generally use renewable energy. In this study, scenarios were made to determine the most optimum LCoE value using an optimization approach with the help of homer pro software. The operating pattern for the Tunda Island electricity system is obtained, namely, the load is carried during the day by Solar PV Power Plant and at night using a generator that has been controlled using the force on & force off mode. From the simulation obtained the lowest LCoE in the Solar PV Power Plant Hybrid configuration with capacity of 240 KWp, 302.4 KWh battery & 200 KW inverter. The ability to pay for electricity for the residents of Tunda Island is still possible if subsidized tariffs are imposed, the range of ability to pay for the residents of Tunda Island is IDR/KWh 726.45-1452.91 and their ability will decrease if they are subject to non-subsidized PLN tariffs. With PLN as the PSO, the differrence in tariffs with the local Generation Production Cost will receive a subsidy from the government. Furthermore, the sustainability of this microgrid system will have the benefit of a continuous supply of electricity. So, it can be felt by the people of Tunda Island which is managed by State-Owned Enterprise (PT. PLN Persero).

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