Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "2007 i-464"

SCIS & ISIS is a biennial international joint conference in the field of soft computing and intelligent systems, including branches of researches from fuzzy systems, neural networks, evolutionary computation, multi-agent systems, artificial intelligence or robotics. SCIS & ISIS 2006 falls on the 3rd International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and the 7th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS) held at Tokyo Institute of Technology, in Tokyo, Japan, on September 20-24, 2006. In this conference, 464 original papers were accepted for presentation and the number of attendees was 526. After preliminary selection and review made by the session chairs and the International Program Committees of SCIS & ISIS 2006, we have selected more than 50 papers to be published in extended form in the Special Issue of the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics. The accepted papers are published as the special issues in Vol.11, No.6, 7, and 8 in 2007. This current issue presents 23 papers and covers most of the topics of the conference including fuzzy theories, self-organizing maps, and the optimization of neural networks. The learning and search methods in computational intelligence and real-world applications to image processing, robotics and manufacturing systems are highlighted in this current issue. I would like to thank all the authors and reviewers for their contribution to make this special issue possible. I am also grateful to Prof. Toshio Fukuda, Nagoya University and Prof. Kaoru Hirota, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Editors-in-chief, for inviting me to serve as Guest Editor of this Journal.

This third special issue on papers from SCIS&ISIS 2006 draws its contents from a highly successful conference attracting 526 participants from 31 countries and 464 original papers, including 297 in 60 organized sessions. The invaluable contributions by the session organizers made this conference attractive and worthwhile in soft computing and advanced intelligent systems research. Having chaired the conference's organized session committee, I wish to express my gratitude for their assistance. Some 42 selected papers have already been published in Volumes 1 and 2 of this special issue (Vol.11, Nos.6 and 7). The present volume introduces 22 papers from organized sessions in extended form after preliminary selection and review by session organizers, chairs, and international SCIS&ISIS 2006 program committees. These papers cover fields related to intelligent systems, ranging from theoretical to practical issues such as self-organizing maps, neural networks, fuzzy clustering, fuzzy control, intelligent robots, secure smart spaces, data mining, and intelligent communication systems. The guest editors believe that readers will be inspired by these highly interesting papers, which contain clues to exploring new and seminal ideas for that next step in research. I thank all of the authors and reviewers for the time and effort they put into this special issue. I am grateful to Prof. Toshio Fukuda of Nagoya University and to Prof. Kaoru Hirota of the Tokyo Institute of Technology for the opportunity to take part in this work.

As mentioned in the editorial for the special issue on selected papers from SCIS & ISIS 2006 (No.1) by Dr. Naoyuki Kubota, the 3rd International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and the 7th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS) have been highly successful with 464 original papers accepted for presentation and participants numbering 526. We have selected approximately 50 quality papers to be published in extended form in the Special Issue of the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, following publication of the first volume (Vol.11, No.6) comprising 23 papers. This second volume of the SCIS & ISIS 2006 special issue includes 19 papers covering the cutting edge of computational intelligence, and the guest editors believe that readers will be inspired by the highly interesting contents containing clues to the new frontier of the computational intelligence. linebreak Related areas include image processing, control, sensor fusion, data/context/ network analysis, genetic algorithms, ontology, VHDL, game theory, and robotics among others.smallskip I would like to thank all the authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions in making this volume possible. I am also grateful to Editors-in-Chief Prof. Toshio Fukuda of Nagoya University and Prof. Kaoru Hirota of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Dr. Toshiaki Murofushi who served as general chair of SICS & ISIS 2006, Dr. Naoyuki Kubota who was the SCIS & ISIS 2006 program chair, and the SCIS & ISIS 2006 conference staff for inviting me to serve as Guest Editor of this Journal. Last, I would like to thank the Fuji Technology Press staff, especially Dr. Kazuki Ohmori.

التراث والمنهج بين أركون والجابري، نايلة أبي نادر، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2008م، 590 صفحة. ما بعد الاستشراق: الغزو الأمريكي للعراق وعودة الكولونياليات البيضاء، فاضل الربيعي، بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، 2007م، 293 صفحة. الإسلام والإصلاح الثقافي، زكي الميلاد، القطيف: دار أطياف للنشر والتوزيع، 2007م، 175 صفحة. تحليل النظريات الاقتصادية، بول كروغمان، ترجمة: رانيا محمد عبد اللطيف، القاهرة: الدار الدولية للاستثمارات الثقافية، 2007م، 270 صفحة. الانتماء الحضاري والهوية الثقافية في ضوء عروبة القرآن - الإسلام العربي .. معالم في طريق الوحدة والتعايش والاعتدال لتدبّر القرآن وفهمه بلسانٍ عربيٍ مبين، علاء الدين المدرس، العراق: دار الرقيم، 2008م، 191 صفحة. الماضوية - الخلل الحضاري في علاقة المسلمين بالإسلام، سامر خير أحمد، عمان: دار البيروني للنشر والتوزيع، 2008م، 166 صفحة. القرآن الكريم في دراسات المستشرقين (دراسة في تاريخ القرآن: نزوله وتدوينه وجمعه)، مشتاق بشير الغزالي، بيروت: دار النفائس، 2008م، 200 صفحة. النظم الإسلامية، عبد العزيز الدوري، بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، سلسلة الأعمال الكاملة للدكتور عبد العزيز الدوري، العدد 6، 2008م، 223 صفحة. تطور الفكر السياسي السُّني: نحو خلافة ديمقراطية، أحمد الكاتب، بيروت: مؤسسة الانتشار العربي، 2008م، 307 صفحة. ما بين دولة الطوائف والدولة الديمقراطية: إشكاليات وتوجهات- تراثنا الفكري: بين الرؤية السّلفية والتّنوير المعرفي، مجموعة مؤلفين، بيروت: دار الفارابي، 2008م، 269 صفحة. الرحمانية ديمقراطية القرآن، محمد سلمان غانم، بيروت: دار الفارابي، 2008م، 245 صفحة. الأصول الاجتماعية للدكتاتورية والديمقراطية: اللورد والفلاح في صنع العالم الحديث، بارينجتون مور، ترجمة أحمد محمود، بيروت: المنظمة العربية للترجمة، 2008م، 639 صفحة. Islam and the Orientalist World-System (Political Econo-my of the World-System Annuals), Khaldoun Samman (Editor), Mazhar Al-Zo'by (Editor), Paradigm Publishers (September 30, 2008), 248 pages. Challenging the New Orientalism: Dissenting Essays on the "War Against Islam", M.Shahid Alam, Islamic Publications In-ternational (January 1, 2007), 272 pages. Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orien-talism, Ibn Warraq, Prometheus Books (October 23, 2007), 500 pages. Islam in the British Broadsheets: The Impact of Oriental-ism on Representations of Islam in the British Press, Elzain El-gamri, Ithaca Press (15 Sep 2008), 240 pages. American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945, Douglas Little, The University of North Carolina Press (March 3, 2008), 464 pages. German Orientalism: The Study of the Middle East and Is-lam from 1800 to 1945 (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East), Ursula Wokoec, Routledge; 1 edition (May 31, 2009), 320pages. Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid, Daniel Martin Varisco, Daniel Martin Varisco, University of Washington Press, November 2007, 501 pages. Muslim American Youth: Understanding Hyphenated Identities through Multiple Methods (Qualitative Studies in Psy-chology), Selcuk Sirin, Michelle Fine, NYU Press (July 12, 2008), 304 pages. Marching Toward Hell: America and Islam After Iraq, Michael Scheuer, Free Press (February 10, 2009), 384 pages. European Perceptions of Islam and America from Saladin to George W. Bush: Europe's Fragile Ego Uncovered, Peter O'Bri-en, Palgrave Macmillan (December 23, 2008), 240 pages. Islam: To Reform or to Subvert?, Mohammed Arkoun, Saqi Books (January 1, 2007), 326 pages. Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari`a, Abd Allah Naim, Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim, Triliteral, March 2008, 336 pages. The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State, Noah Feldman, Princeton University Press, March 2008, 189 pages. A Deadly Misunderstanding: A Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide, Mark D. Siljander, Harper-Collins Publishers, October 2008, 260pp. Islamism in the Shadow of al-Qaeda, François Burgat (Author), Patrick Hutchinson (Translator), University of Texas Press (November 1, 2008), 212 pages. Islam, the People and the State: Political Ideas and Movements in the Middle East, Sami Zubaida, I. B. Tauris; Revised and Updated edition (March 17, 2009), 224 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

Introduction: advanced age and concomitant procedures could increase the risk of perioperative complications during surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). We aimed to evaluate results of elderly patients undergoing SAVR and evaluate the impact of concomitant non-valvular, non-coronary procedures on the outcomes. Methods: A retrospective single-centre study, evaluating 464 elderly patients (mean age = 75.6 ± 4 years) undergoing either isolated-SAVR (I-SAVR = 211) or combined-SAVR (C-SAVR = 253) between 01/2007 and 12/2017. Combined-SAVR involved non-valvular, non-coronary procedures. Study endpoints are postoperative results concerning the VARC-II criteria, valve dysfunction, long-term freedom from redo-AVR and survival. Results: males were 52.8%. Patients had an intermediate risk profile (mean EuroSCORE-II (%) 5.2 ± 5). Postoperative results reported no significant differences in incidence of re-exploration for bleeding (6.6% vs. 6.7%, p = 1.0), stroke (0.9% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.59), dialysis (6.2% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.23) and pacemaker implantation (3.3% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.79) between I-SAVR and C-SAVR groups. Thirty-day (2.4% vs. 7.1% p = 0.03), one-year (5.7% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.003) and overall mortality (24.6% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.002) were lower in the isolated-SAVR group. Re-AVR was indicated in 1.7% of patients due to endocarditis. Conclusions: SAVR in elderly patients offers good outcomes with increased life quality and rare re-operation for structural valvular deterioration. Mortality rates were significantly higher when SAVR was combined with another “non-valvular, non-coronary” procedure.

RESUMEN:En este artículo, procedemos a estudiar el traspaso familiar del oficio manufacturero,concretamente el de la platería, a través de tres generaciones de la familia Gálvez a lo largo de la centuria dieciochesca. Para ello, hemos esbozado la situación actual de la historia de la familia con respecto a su interés sobre los sectores artesanales para posteriormente adentrarnos, tras unos datos concretos del linaje, en los talleres y su evolución de forma conjunta con las trayectorias vitales de los individuos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de las relaciones entre los consanguíneos para el progreso laboral.PALABRAS CLAVE: Antequera, siglos XVIII, familia, artesanos, platerosABSTRACT:In this paper, I study the family transfer of the manufacturing trade, specifically that of silversmiths, through three generations of the Gálvez family throughout the 18th century. To this end, I have outlined the current situation of the family’s history of the family with respect to their interest in the artisanal sectors to then consider, after some specific data regarding lineage, the workshops and their evolution together with the lives of the individuals concerned, emphasizing the importance of family to professional and economic progress.KEY WORDS: Antequera, 18th century, family, artisans, silversmiths BIBLIOGRAFÍAAlexandre, C. y Ruggiu, F. J., “La circulación de los oficios en Charleville. Familia y trabajo en los siglos XVIII y XIX”, Revista de Historia Moderna, 34 (2016), pp. 239-256.Barroso Vázquez, M. D., “Los plateros portuenses: análisis de su organización corporativa”, Revista de Historia de El Puerto, 4 (1990), pp. 55-66.Benavides Murillo, C., “Reflexiones sobre la formación y función social de los artesanos de Cartago en el siglo XVIII”, Revista Estudios, 18-19 (2004-2005), pp. 15-28.Birriel Salcedo, M., “El cónyuge supérstite en el derecho hispano”, Chronica Nova, 34 (2008), pp. 13-44.Burgos Rincón, J., “Gremio, familia artesana y propiedad. Libreros e impresores en la Barcelona del siglo XVIII”, en Familia, casa y trabajo, Murcia, Universidad, 1997, pp. 423-444.Chacón Jiménez, F. y Ferrer i Alós, L. “Más allá de la familia”, Familia, casa y trabajo, Murcia, Universidad, 1997, pp. 13-16.Chacón Jiménez, F., “Familia, casa y hogar. Una aproximación a la definición y realidad de la organización social española (siglos XVIII-XIX)”, Espacios sociales, universos familiares. La familia en la historiografía española, Murcia, Universidad, 2007, pp. 51-68.Colón de Larraeátegui, J., Tiempos de reforma ilustrada. Informe sobre los gremios de Valladolid, Valladolid, Ayuntamiento, 2008 (ed. L. Amigo Vázquez, M. García Fernández y R. Hernández García).Cruz Valdovinos, J. M. y Nieva Soto, P., “Los Morenos, una familia de plateros madrileña en el Antiguo Régimen”, Anales del Instituto de Estudios Madrileños, 44 (2004), pp. 331-358.Cruz Valdovinos, J. M., Catálogo de platería, Madrid, Ministerio de Cultura, 1982.Cruz Valdovinos, J. M., Los plateros madrileños: estudio histórico-jurídico de su Organización Corporativa, Tomo I, Madrid, Gremio de Joyeros y Plateros de Madrid, 1993.Diego Velasco, T. de, Los gremios granadinos a través de sus ordenanzas, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1986.Domínguez Ortiz, A., Sociedad y estado en el siglo XVIII español, Barcelona, Ariel, 1976.Fernández Guirao, F. J., “Los Laborda, una familia de plateros entre los siglos XVIII-XIX”, CLAVIS, 9 (2016), pp. 77-102.Fernández Pérez, P. y Sola-Corbacho, J. C., “Familia y comerciantes en la España del Antiguo Régimen”, en Espacios sociales, universos familiares. La familia en la historiografía española, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, 2007, pp. 177-191.Frey, D. A., “Industrious Households: servival strategies of artisans in a Sothwest German town during the eighteenth an early nineteenth centuries”, International Review of Social History, 45 (2000), pp. 115-135.García Abellán, J., Organización de los gremios en la Murcia del siglo XVIII y recopilación de ordenanzas, Murcia, Academia Alfonso X el Sabio, 1976.García González, F. y Crespo Sánchez, F. J., “Radiografía de un impulso compartido. La historia de la familia en España e Iberoamérica (2000-2015)”, en Familias en el Viejo y el Nuevo Mundo, La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2017, pp. 44-78.García González, F., “Las estructuras familiares y su relación con los recursos humanos y económicos”, en Familias. Historia de la sociedad española (del final de la Edad Media a nuestros días), Madrid, Cátedra, 2011, pp. 159-254.García González, F., “Vejez, viudedad y soledad rural. Viudas, hogares y prácticas familiares en la España centro-meridional del siglo XVIII”, Studia historica. Historia moderna, vol. 38, 2 (2016), pp. 287-324.García González, F., Las estrategias de la diferencia. Familia y reproducción social en la Sierra (Alcaraz, siglo XVIII), Madrid, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 2000.González Barrero, N., “Los maestros de primeras letras en la provincia de Madrid a través del Catastro de Ensenada”, Historia y Memoria de la Educación, 3 (2016), pp. 197-228.González Enciso, A., “los gremios y el crecimiento económico”, Memoria y Civilización, 1 (1998), pp. 111-137.Guerra Guerra, A., “Profesionales, obreros y artesanos de Badajoz en 1750: sus ganancias y emolumentos según el Catastro de Ensenada”, Revista de estudio extremeños, vol. 27, 3 (1971), pp. 561-582.Gutiérrez Nieto, F. J. y Ybañez Worboys, P., “El llamamiento a la nobleza de las «dos Andalucías» de 1706”, Revista de Historia Moderna, 25 (2007), pp. 53-87.Hernández Benítez, M., A la sombra de la Corona. Poder local y oligarquía urbana (Madrid, 1606-1808), Madrid, Siglo XXI, 1995.Hernández Franco, J. y Molina Puche, S., “La sangre de la familia y su proceso socioinstitucional. Siglos XVI-XVII” en Familias. Historia de la sociedad española (del final de la Edad Media a nuestros días), Madrid, Cátedra, 2011, pp. 113-156.Hernández García, R., “Gremios y corporaciones laborales. Debate historiográficos y estado de la cuestión”, Areas, (34 (2015), pp. 7-18.Hernández López, C., “Trabajo y curso de vida. Los artesanos de Albacete (1636-1792)”, en Escenarios de familia: trayectorias, estrategias y pautas culturales, siglo XVI-XX, Murcia, Universidad, 2017, pp. 257-269.Herraéz Ortega, M. V., “Los Bello, platero de Sahagún, y las cruces procesionales de Vallecillo y Joarilla de las Matas (León)”, en Estudios de Platería: San Eloy, Murcia, Universidad, 2002, pp. 183-194.Irigoyen López, A. “Un obispado para la familia: Francisco Verdín Molina, prelado de Guadalajara y Valladolid en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII”, Historia mexicana, vol. 58, 2 (2008), pp. 557-594.Irigoyen López, A., “Bajo el manto de la Iglesia. Clero y familia en España durante la Edad Moderna”, en Espacios sociales, universos familiares. La familia en la historiografía española, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, 2007, pp. 245-269.Llordén, A., “Noticas históricas de los maestros plateros antequeranos, siglos XVIII-XIX”, Jábega, (8 (1974), pp. 81-92.Mallo, J., “Emociones, honra y familia. Comerciantes españoles a finales del siglo XVIII”, en Familias en el Viejo y el Nuevo Mundo, La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2017, pp. 367-385.Marchant Rivera, A., “El prohijamiento, la tutela y la carta de aprendiz: instrumentos para una historia de la situación del menor en Málaga durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI”, en Población y grupos sociales en el Antiguo Régimen, vol. 2, Málaga, Área de Historia Moderna de la Universidad de Málaga, 2009, pp. 943-956.Miralles Martínez, P., Seda, trabajo y sociedad en la Murcia del siglo XVII, Murcia, Universidad, 2000.Moral Roncal, A. M. Gremios e Ilustración en Madrid, (1775-1836), Madrid, Actas, 1998.Moral Roncal, A. M., “Honor, vileza y honra de los oficios mecánicos en el siglo XVIII”, Baetica, 18 (1996), pp.Morgado García, A. J., “El ciclo vital de los esclavos en el Cádiz de la modernidad”, Revista de historia moderna: Anales de la Universidad de Alicante, 34 (2016), pp. 297-315.Morgado García, A. J., “La vida familiar de los esclavos en el Cádiz de la modernidad (1600-1750)”, Trocadero: revista de historia moderna y contemporánea, 24 (2012), pp. 67-81.Narotzky, S., “La renta del afecto: ideología y reproducción en el cuidado de los viejos”, en Antropología de los pueblos de España, Madrid, Taurus, 1991, pp. 464-474.Nieto Sánchez, J. A. y Zofío Llorente, J. C., “Los gremios de Madrid durante la Edad Moderna: una revisión”, Áreas, 34 (2015), pp. 47-61.Nieto Sánchez, J. A., Artesanos y mercaderes: una historia social y económica de Madrid, 1450-1850, Madrid, Fundamentos, 2006.Ortega López, M., “Las edades de las mujeres”, en Historia de las mujeres en España y América Latina, vol. 2, Madrid, Cátedra, 2005, pp. 317-350.Pérez Samper, M. A., “Espacios y prácticas de sociabilidad en el siglo XVIII: tertulias, refrescos y cafés de Barcelona”, Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 26 (2001), pp. 11-55.Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar, R., “El Colegio-Congregación de plateros de Antequera (1782-1833)”, Boletín de Arte, 12 (1991), pp. 317-336.Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar, R., “La platería de Málaga en el siglo XVIII”, en Estudios de Platería: San Eloy, Murcia, Universidad, 2001, pp. 241-256.Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar, R., El Arte de Platería en Málaga, 1550-1800, Málaga, Universidad, 1997.Zofío Llorente, J. C., Gremios y artesanos en Madrid, 1550-1650: la sociedad del trabajo en una ciudad cortesana preindustrial, Madrid, Instituto de Estudio Madrileños, 2005.

The debate about diagnoses and treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in children continue to range on between the developmental and biological perspectives. While there is increasing evidence that support the biological susceptibility of the disorder, a number of researches also emphasized the significant effect of environment on the syndrome. This study used developmental perspectives to evaluate and bring together various bio-psychosocial factors that impact on children diagnosed with ADHD. The study explored and integrated the existing and advancing study on ADHD to a more refined pattern that embraced developmental perspectives. The study also discussed how the linkage in childhood ADHD fits within the developmental psychopathology perspective. The study revealed that ADHD as a developmental disorder is influenced by prenatal, biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors, and suggested that better understanding of genomic susceptibilities, family environment and parental characteristics would transform the pathway for development of ADHD in children. References American Psychiatric Association.(2000). Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of MentalDisorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association.(2013). Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of MentalDisorders.5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Arnsten, A.F, (2007). Catecholamine and second messenger influenceson prefrontalcortical networks of “representational knowledge”:a rational bridge between genetics andthe symptoms of mental illness. Cerebral Cortex, 17, i6–i15. Arnsten, A.F, & Pliszka, S.R. (2011). Catecholamine influences on prefrontalcorticalfunction: relevance to treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and relateddisorders. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 99, 211–216. Atladóttir H.O, Parner E.T, & Schendel D. (2007). Variation in incidence ofneurodevelopmental disorders with season of birth. Epidemiology, 18, 240–245. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosisand treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Baumeister A.A, Hawkins M.F (2001). Incoherence of neuroimaging studies of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 24, 2–10. Berger I. (2011). Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: much ado aboutsomething. Israeli Medical Association Journal, 13, 571–574. Berger, A., Posner, M. I. (2000). Pathologies of brain attentionalnetworks. Neuroscienceand Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 3–5. Biederman J, Faraone S.V, Keenan K, Knee D, &Tsuang M.T (1990): Familygenetic andpsychosocial risk factors in DSM-III attention deficit disorder. Journal of AmericanAcademy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 526 –533. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, Tsuang MT (1991b): Evidence of familialassociationbetween attention deficit disorder and major affective disorders. Archives of GeneralPsychiatry, 48, 633–642. Biederman, J, Faraone, S.V, Keenan K, Benjamin, J, Krifcher, B. &Moore C. et al (1992).Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relativesin psychiatrically and pediatricallyreferred samples. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 728 –738. Biederman, J., Milberger, S., Faraone, S. V., Kiely, K., Guite, J.,Mick, E., Ablon, S., Warburton, R., & Reed, E. (1995). Family environment risk factors for attention deficithyperactivity disorder: A test of Rutter’s indicators of adversity. Archives of GeneralPsychiatry, 52, 464–470. Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Mick, E., Spencer,T.,Wilens,T., Kiely,K., Guite, J., Ablon, J.S., Reed, E., & Warburton, R. (1995). High risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorderamong children of parents with childhood onset of the disorder: A pilot study. Journal ofAmerican Psychiatry, 152, 431–435. Biederman J, Faraone S.V, Monuteaux M, Spencer T, Wilens T, Bober M, et al (2004).Gender effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder inadults, revisited. BiologicalPsychiatry, 55, 692–700. Brookes, K.,Mill, J.,&Guindalini,C., et al (2006). Acommon haplotype of the dopaminetransporter geneassociated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderand interactingwithmaternal use of alcohol duringpregnancy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 74–81. Brophy, K., Hawi, Z., Kirley, A., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (2002). Synaptosomalassociated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):Evidence of linkage and association in the Irish population. Molecular Psychiatry, 7 , 913–917 Campbell, S. B. (2000). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A developmental view.In: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. (pp. 383–401). A. J. Sameroff, M.Lewis, & S. Miller (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. Carlson, E. A., Jacobvitz, D., & Sroufe, L. A. (1995). A developmental investigation ofinattentiveness and hyperactivity. Child Development, 66, 37–54. Childress, A.C, Berry, S.A (2012). Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivitydisorder in adolescents. Drugs, 72, 309–325. Cortese, S (2012). The neurobiology and genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder (ADHD): what every clinician shouldknow. European Journal of PaediatricNeurology, 16, 422–433. Dopheide, J.A (2005). ASHP therapeutic position statement on theappropriate use ofmedications in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in paediatricpatients. American Journal of Health System Pharmacy, 62, 1502– 1509. Coghill, D., Nigg, J., Rothenberger, A., Sonuga-Barke, E., & Tannock, R. (2005). Withercausal models in the neuroscience of ADHD? Developmental Science, 8, 105–114. Cummings, E. M., Davies, P., & Campbell, S. B. (2000). Developmental Psychopathologyand Family Process: Research, Theory, and Clinical Implications. New York: Guilford. Faraone, S. V., Perlis, R. H., Doyle, A. E., Smoller, J. W., Goralnick, J. J., Holmgren, M.A., et al. (2005). Molecular genetics of attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder. BiologicalPsychiatry, 57 , 1313–1323. Faraone, S, Biederman, J, Krifcher Lehman, B, Keenan, K, Norman, D, Seidman, L. et al.(1993). Evidence for the independent familial transmission of attentiondeficit hyperactivitydisorder and learning disabilities: Results froma family genetic study. American Journalof Psychiatry, 150, 891– 895. Faraone, S. V, Tsuang, M. T. (1995). Methods in psychiatric genetics. In: Textbook inPsychiatric Epidemiology, Tohen, M, Tsuang, M., Zahner, G. (Eds). (pp. 81–134). NewYork: John Wiley& Sons. Faraone, S. V. & Biederman, J. (1998). Neurobiology of attentiondeficit hyperactivitydisorder. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 951–958. Faraone S.V, Biederman J, &MonuteauxM.C. (2001a). Attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder with bipolar disorder in girls: Further evidence for a familial subtype? Journal ofAffect Disorders, 64, 19 –26. Haraone S.V, Doyle A.E (2001): The nature and heritability of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America,10, 299 –316, viii–ix. Faraone, S.V., & Biederman, J. (2000). Nature, nuture, and attentiondeficit hyperactivitydisorder. Developmental Review, 20, 568–581. Faraone S.V, Perlis R.H, Doyle A.E, Smoller J.W, Goralnick J, &Holmgren M.A, et al.(2005). Molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. BiologicalPsychiatry, 57, 1313–1323. Gray, J. A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P., Hemsley, D. R., & Smith, A. D. (1991) Theneuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 1–84. Gray, J. A. (1982). The neumpsychology of anxiety. New York: Oxford University Press. Halperin, J. M., & Healey, D. M. (2011). The infl uences of environmental enrichment,cognitive enhancement,and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter thedevelopmental trajectory of ADHD? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35 , 621–634. Hauschild K.M, Mouridsen S.E, & Nielsen S. (2005). Season of birth inDanish childrenwith language disorder born in the 1958–1976 period. Neuropsychobiology; 51, 93–99. Hudziak J.J, Rudiger L.P, Neale M.C, Heath A.C, & Todd R.D (2000). A twin study ofinattentive,aggressive, and anxious/depressed behaviors. Journal of the American Academyof Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 469 –476. Kahn, R. S., Khoury, J. & Nichols,W.C., et al (2003). Role of dopamine transportergenotype and maternal prenatal smoking in childhood hyperactive-impulsive,inattentive,and oppositional behaviors. Journal of Pediatrics, 143, 104–110. Kesner R.P, & Churchwell J.C (2011). An analysis of rat prefrontal cortexin mediatingexecutive function. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 96, 417–431. Kuntsi, J.,& Stevenson, J. (2000). Hyperactivity in children:Afocuson genetic research andpsychological theories. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3, 1–24. Langley, K., Rice, F., & van den Bree, M. B., et al (2005). Maternal smoking duringpregnancy as an environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorderbehaviour. A Review. Minerva Pediatrica, 57, 359–371. Manshadi M, Lippmann S, O’Daniel R, & Blackman A (1983): Alcohol abuse andattention deficit disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 44, 379 –380 Martin N, Scourfield J, McGuffin P (2002).Observer effects and heritability ofchildhoodattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 80, 260 –265. Neale, B. M., Medland, S. E., Ripke, S., Asherson, P., Franke, B., Lesch, K. P., et al.(2010). Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and AdolescentPsychiatry, 49 , 884–897. Nigg J, Nikolas M, & Burt S. A(2010). Measured gene-by-environment interaction inrelation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy ofChild and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 863–73. Oades, R. D., Lasky-Su, J., Christiansen, H., Faraone, S.V., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Banaschewski, T., et al. (2008). The influence of serotonin- and other genes onimpulsivebehavioral aggression and cognitive impulsivity in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity. A Developmental Perspective on ADHD disorder (ADHD): Findingsfrom a family-based association test (FBAT) analysis. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4,4–48. Pastor P. N & Reuben C.A. (2008). Diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder andlearning disability: United States, 2004–2006. Vital Health Statistics, 10, 1–14. Quay, H. C. (1988a). Attention deficit disorder and the behavioral inhibitionsystem: Therelvance of the neuropsychological theory of Jeffrey A. Gray. In: Attention deficitdisorder: Criteria, cognition, intervention (pp. 117–126). L. M. Bloomingdale & J.Sergeant (Eds.). NewYork: Pergamon. Quay, H. C. (1988b). The behavioral reward and inhibition systems inchildhood behaviordisorder. In: Attentiondeficit disorder W; New research in treatment, psychopharnmcology,and attention (pp. 176–186). L. M. Bloomingdale (Ed.). NA: Pergamon. Quay, H. C. (1996, January). Gray'sbehavioral inhibition in ADHD:An update. Paperpresented at the annual meeting of the InternationalSociety for Research in Child andAdolescent Psychopathology, Los Angeles, CA. Rader, R, McCauley L,& Callen, E.C. (2009). Current strategies in thediagnosis andtreatment of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American FamilyPhysician, 79, 657–665. Robbins, T. W. (2003). Dopamine and cognition. Currpin Neurol,16, (2), S1–S2. Rutter, M, Cox, A, Tupling, C, Berger, M, &Yule, W. (1975). Attainment and adjustmentin two geographical areas. 1—The prevalence of psychiatric disorders. British Journal ofPsychiatry, 126, 493–509. Rutter, M., &Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: Concepts andchallenges. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 265–296. Sergeant, J. (2000). The cognitive-energetic model: An empiricalapproach to attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscienceand Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 7–12. Sherman D, McGue M, &Iacono W (1997). Twin concordance for attention deficithyperactivity disorder: A comparison of teachers’ and mothers’reports. American Journalof Psychiatry, 154, 532–535. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Auerbach, J., Campbell, S. B., Daley, D., & Thompson, M. (2005).Preschool varieties of hyperactive and dysregulated behaviour: Multiple pathways betweenrisk and disorder. Developmental Science, 8 , 141–150. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Bitsakou, P., & Thompson, M. (2010). Beyond the dual pathwaymodel: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delayrelated impairments inattention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child andAdolescent Psychiatry, 49 , 345–355. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Halperin, J. (2010). Developmental phenotypes and causalpathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Potential targets for earlyintervention? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 368–398. Sprich-Buckminster S, Biederman J, Milberger S, Faraone S, &Krifcher LehmanB (1993):Are perinatal complications relevant to the manifestation ofADD? Issues of comorbidityand familiality. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,32,1032–1037 Swanson, J. M., Sunohara, G. A., Kennedy, J. L., Regino,R., Fineberg, E.,Wigal, T.,Lerner, M.,Williams, L., LaHoste,G. J.,&Wigal, S. (1998). Association of the dopaminereceptorD4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficithyperactivitydisorder (ADHD): A family–based approach.Molecular Psychiatry, 3, 38–41. Taylor, E. (1999). Developmental neuropsychopathology of attentiondeficit and impulsiveness. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 607–628. Thapar, A.,O’Donovan,M., &Owen,M. J. (2005b). The genetics of attention deficithyperactivity disorder. Human Molecular Genetics, 14, 275–282. Thapar, A., Langley, K.,O’Donovan,M. (2006). Refining the attention deficithyperactivity disorderphenotype formolecular genetic studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 11,714–720. Thapar A, Langley K, &Asherson P, (2007). Gene–environment interplay in attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective. BritishJournal of Psychiatry 190, 1–3. Tochigi M, Okazaki Y, & Kato N, (2004). What causes seasonality of birth inschizophrenia? Neuroscience Res, 48, 1–11 Trent S & Davies W. (2012). The influence of sex-linked genetic mechanisms on attentionand impulsivity. Biological Psychology, 89, 1–13. United States, 2003 and 2007 (2010). Increasing prevalence of parent-reported attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder among children, MMWR Morb Mortal Wekly Rep, 59, 1439–43. Yehuda, R. (2000). Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of ClinicalPsychiatry, 61, 14–21. Zimmer, L (2009). Positron emission tomography neuroimagingfor a better understandingof the biology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology, 57, 601–607.

Abstract Background. Although Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable malignancy, about 15% and 30% of patients with respectively localized or disseminated disease do not respond or relapse after initial treatment. Several scoring systems using conventional biological and clinical parameters have been developed for limited and advanced stages in order to adapt the therapeutic strategy. However, the identification of patients with adverse outcome needs to be improved. Cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma. Several studies have shown that plasma cytokine dosage at diagnosis has prognostic relevance. Various cytokine genes variants are known to influence cytokine productions and have been associated with lymphoma outcomes. We then evaluated the influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on response to treatment and outcome in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods. Between 1998 and 2002, we prospectively investigated the prognostic role of plasma cytokines and soluble receptors in Hodgkin lymphoma patients (Casasnovas et al. JCO 2007). A sample was collected at diagnosis specifically to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes. Ten SNPs that could be functionally important in seven genes (IL10, TNF-alpha, IL6, IL1B, IL1RN, INF-gamma, CCL17) were studied. DNA was extracted from venous blood samples. All genotyping experiments were performed in duplicate using Taqman technology (ABI Prism 7000, Applied Biosystems): IL10 rs1800890 (−3584>A), 448 pts; IL10 rs1800896 (−1116A>G), 459 pts; IL10 rs1800871 (−853C>T), 446 pts; IL10 rs1800872 (−626C>A), 447 pts; TNFalpha rs1800629 (−487G>A), 464 pts; IL6 rs1800795 (−236G>C), 201 pts; IL1B rs16944 (−1060T>C), 198 pts; ILRNrs419598 (Ex5–35T>C), 199 pts; INF-gamma rs2430561 (+874A>T), 200 pts; CCL17rs223828 (−431T>C), 198 pts. We estimated the prognostic value of each individual SNP and the IL10 haplotype for response to treatment, relapse and overall survival (OS). Results. The median age of the 464 patients studied was 32 years (range, 15–93); 263 (57%) were male. At diagnosis, 335 patients (72%) were in Ann Arbor stage I–II and 206 (44%) presented with B symptoms. Histology was nodular sclerosis in 384 patients (84%). Treatment consisted of 4 to 6 courses of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (CT) followed by involved-field radiotherapy for stages I–II and 8 courses of anthracycline-based CT for stages III–IV. Complete response (CR) and uncertain CR (uCR) were observed in 417 patients (90%), partial response in 15 (3%) and stable and progressive disease in 32 (7%). Relapse occurred in 71 patients (15%) and 35 patients (8%) died, 24 of whom (5%) of Hodgkin lymphoma. After a median follow-up of 3.6 years months, the 4-year progression free survival (PFS) and OS were 83.4% and 93.6%, respectively. Regarding treatment response, only the IL10-1082AA genotype was associated with a better CR + uCR than other IL10 genotypes (95% vs. 88% p=0.02). Neither individual SNPs or IL10 haplotype influenced OS and PFS. Conclusions. In this large series of Hodgkin lymphoma patients with particularly favorable outcome, the IL10-1082AA genotype was associated with better response to initial treatment. These data indicate that some genes associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma outcome do not predict Hodgkin lymphoma outcome and that other target need to be analyzed to decipher the putative role of host’s immunogenetic background in this disease.

The politics of Italian national identity. Edited by Gino Bedani and Bruce Haddock. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000. Pp. vii+296. ISBN 0-7083-1622-0. £40.00.Fascist modernities: Italy, 1922–1945. By Ruth Ben-Ghiat. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001. Pp. x+317. ISBN 0-520-22363-2. £28.50.Le spie del regime. By Mauro Canali. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004. Pp. 863. ISBN 88-15-09801-1. €70.00.I campi del Duce: l'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940–1943). By Carlo Spartaco Capogreco. Turin: Einaudi, 2004. Pp. xi+319. ISBN 88-06-16781-2. €16.00.The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: essays in comparative history. Edited by Enrico Dal Lago and Rick Halpern. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. 256. ISBN 0-333-73971-X. £28.50.Disastro! Disasters in Italy since 1860: culture, politics, society. Edited by John Dickie, John Foot, and Frank M. Snowden, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. ix+342. ISBN 0-312-23960-2. £32.50.Remaking Italy in the twentieth century. By Roy Palmer Domenico. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. Pp. xiv+181. ISBN 0-8476-9637-5. £16.95.Twentieth century Italy: a social history. By Jonathan Dunnage. Harlow: Pearson, 2002. Pp. xi+271. ISBN 0-582-29278-6. £16.99.Milan since the miracle: city, culture and identity. By John Foot. Oxford: Berg, 2001. Pp. xiv+240. ISBN 1-85973-550-9. £14.99.Squadristi: protagonisti e tecniche della violenza fascista, 1919–1922. By Mimmo Franzinelli. Milan: Mondadori, 2003. Pp. 464. ISBN 88-04-51233-4. €19.00.For love and country: the Italian Resistance. By Patrick Gallo. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. Pp. viii+362. ISBN 0-7618-2496-0. $55.00.The struggle for modernity: nationalism, futurism and Fascism. By Emilio Gentile. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. Pp. xix+203. ISBN 0-275-97692-0. $69.95.Italy and its discontents. By Paul Ginsborg. Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, 2001. Pp. xv+521. ISBN 0-713-99537-8. £25.00.Silvio Berlusconi: television, power and patrimony. By Paul Ginsborg. London: Verso, 2004. Pp. xvi+189. ISBN 1-84467-000-7. £16.00.Fascists. By Michael Mann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. x+429. ISBN 0-521-53855-6. £15.99.Mussolini: the last 600 days of Il Duce. By Ray Moseley. Dallas: Taylor Trade publishing, 2004. Pp. vii+432. ISBN 1-58979-095-2. $34.95.Lo stato fascista e la sua classe politica, 1922–1943. By Didier Musiedlak. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2001. Pp. 585. ISBN 88-15-09381-8. €32.00.Italy's social revolution: charity and welfare from Liberalism to Fascism. By Maria Sophia Quine. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. xv+429. ISBN 0-333-63261-3. £55.00.La seduzione totalitaria: guerra, modernità, violenza politica (1914–1918). By Angelo Ventrone. Rome: Donzelli, 2003. Pp. xvi+288. ISBN 88-7989-840-X. €24.00.With its winning of an American Academy Award, the film Life is beautiful (1997), brought its director and leading actor, Roberto Benigni, global fame. Benigni's zaniness and self-mockery seemed to embody everything that has convinced foreigners that Italians are, above all, brava gente (nice people). Sometimes, this conclusion can have a supercilious air – niceness can easily be reduced to levity or fecklessness. In those university courses that seek to comprehend the terrible tragedies of twentieth-century Europe, Italians seldom play a leading role. German, Russian, Polish, Yugoslav, and even British and French history are each riven with death and disaster or, alternatively, with heroism and achievement. In such austere company, brava gente can seem out of place.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), ECLI:EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Organic acids, particularly formic and acetic acid, are ubiquitous components of the troposphere (Chebbi and Carlier, 1996); see table I-D-1. However, the atmospheric budget of these species is at present poorly constrained, and global models often underestimate their abundance (von Kuhlmann et al., 2003). The presence of organic acids in the atmosphere can be attributed to two distinct mechanisms: direct emission from anthropogenic and natural sources; and in situ production via gas-phase or condensed-phase chemistry. Direct emissions result from biomass burning (e.g., Christian et al., 2007), from motor vehicle use (Kawamura et al., 2000) and other anthropogenic activities (see chapter I), and from biogenic sources (e.g., Seco et al., 2007). Production in the gas phase can occur via the reactions of acylperoxy radicals with HO2: . . . CH3C(O)O2 + HO2 → CH3C(O)OOH + O2 . . . . . . CH3C(O)O2 + HO2 → CH3C(O)O + OH + O2 . . . . . . CH3C(O)O2 + HO2 → CH3C(O)OH + O3 . . . or via the ozonolysis of unsaturated species (Orzechowska and Paulson, 2005a, b). Additional in situ acid production (particularly with multi-functional species and diacids) likely occurs in the condensed phase as well, via the oxidation of carbonyl and other oxygen-containing and multi-functional organics (e.g., Ervens et al., 2004). In general, the organic acid moiety, —C(O)OH, is rather unreactive in the gas phase. This is in large part due to the strength of the O—H bond, ∼460 kJ mole−1 versus 400–420 kJ mole−1 for typical C—H bonds (Sander et al., 2006). The organic acid moiety also acts to inhibit somewhat the reactivity of neighboring sites (Kwok and Atkinson, 1995), further decreasing the reactivity of small saturated acids. UV spectra for unsubstituted acids are located at relatively short wavelengths, [e.g., λmax< 210 nm for acetic acid, Orlando and Tyndall (2003); see figure IX-A-1], so tropospheric photolysis is of negligible importance. Thus, the gas-phase lifetime for small saturated organic acids (e.g., formic and acetic acid) can be quite long, about 1 month.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council of the European Union (Case C-50/00 P), EU:C:2002:462, [2002] ECR I-6677, 25 July 2002. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

In Aug 2004 the Zero Emission Norwegian Gas (ZENG) project team completed Phase-1: Concept and Feasibility Study for a 40 MW Pilot & Demonstration (P&D) Plant, that is proposed will be located at the Energy Park, Risavika, near Stavanger in South Norway during 2008. The power plant cycle is based upon implementation of the natural gas (NG) and oxygen fueled Gas Generator (GG) (1500°F/1500 psi) successfully demonstrated by Clean Energy Systems (CES) Inc. The GG operations was originally tested in Feb 2003 and is currently (Feb 2005) undergoing extensive commissioning at the CES 5MW Kimberlina Test Plant, near Bakersfield, California. The ZENG P&D Plant will be an important next step in an accelerating path towards demonstrating large-scale (+200 MW) commercial implementation of zero-emission power plants before the end of this decade. However, development work also entails having a detailed commercial understanding of the techno-economic potential for such power plant cycles: specifically in an environment where the future penalty for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions remains uncertain. Work done in dialogue with suppliers during ZENG Project Phase-1 has cost-estimated all major plant components to a level commensurate with engineering pre-screening. The study has also identified several features of the proposed power plant that has enabled improvements in thermodynamic efficiency from 37% up to present level of 44–46% without compromising the criteria of implementation using “near-term” available technology. The work has investigated: i. Integration between the cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) and the power plant. ii. Use of gas turbine technology for the intermediate pressure (IP) steam turbine. iii. Optimal use of turbo-expanders and heat-exchangers to mitigate the power consumption incurred for oxygen production. iv. Improved condenser design for more efficient CO2 separation and removal. v. Sensitivity of process design criteria to “small” variations in modeling of the physical properties for CO2/steam working fluid near saturation. vi. Use of a second “conventional” pure steam Rankine bottoming cycle. In future analysis, not all these improvements need necessarily be seen to be cost-effective when taking into account total P&D program objectives; thermodynamic efficiency, power plant investment, operations and maintenance cost. However, they do represent important considerations towards “total” optimization when designing the P&D Plant. We observe that Project Phase-2: Pre-Engineering & Qualification should focus on optimization of plant size with respect to total capital investment (CAPEX); and identification of further opportunities for extended technology migration from gas turbine environment that could also permit raised turbine inlet temperatures (TIT).

Nowadays, the global climate change has been a worldwide concern and the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are considered as the primary cause of that. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) divided countries into two groups: Annex I Parties and Non-Annex I Parties. Since Iran and all other countries in the Middle East are among Non-Annex I Parties, they are not required to submit annual GHG inventory report. However, the global climate change is a worldwide phenomenon so Middle Eastern countries should be involved and it is necessary to prepare such a report at least unofficially. In this paper the terminology and the methods to calculate GHG emissions will first be explained and then GHG emissions estimates for the Iranian power plants will be presented. Finally the results will be compared with GHG emissions from the Canadian electricity generation sector. The results for the Iranian power plants show that in 2005 greenhouse gas intensity for steam power plants, gas turbines and combined cycle power plants were 617, 773, and 462 g CO2eq/kWh, respectively with the overall intensity of 610 g CO2eq/kWh for all thermal power plants. This GHG intensity is directly depend on efficiency of power plants. Whereas, in 2004 GHG intensity for electricity generation sector in Canada for different fuels were as follows: Coal 1010, refined petroleum products 640, and natural gas 523 g CO2eq/kWh, which are comparable with same data for Iran. For average GHG intensity in the whole electricity generation sector the difference is much higher: Canada 222 vs. Iran 610g CO2eq/kWh. The reason is that in Canada a considerable portion of electricity is generated by hydro-electric and nuclear power plants in which they do not emit significant amount of GHG emissions. The average GHG intensity in electricity generation sector in Iran between 1995 and 2005 experienced 13% reduction. While in Canada at the same period of time there was 21% increase. However, the results demonstrate that still there are great potentials for GHG emissions reduction in Iran’s electricity generation sector.

A novel method was developed to prepare fine doped ceria (DCO) powders directly. Ceria doped with 20 mol. % of samarium (Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9, SDC) was prepared by in-situ oxidization of hydroxide precipitates with H2O2 in the solutions. The resultant powder desiccated at 85°C overnight was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry /differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD pattern showed that the as-dried SDC powder is single phase with a cubic fluorite structure like that of pure CeO2. An anode-supported SOFC was also fabricated based on SDC and 20wt. % (62mol. %Li2CO3–38 mol. %K2CO3) composite electrolyte, LiNiO2 as cathode and NiO as anode, by cold pressing. Using hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant, the I-V and I-P characteristics exhibit excellent performances and the maximum power densities are about 696, 469, 377 and 240 mWcm−2 at 650, 600, 550 and 500°C, respectively.

In 2008, following the general French plan for nuclear waste management, Électricité de France attempted to find for irradiated graphite an alternative solution to direct storage at the low-activity long-life storage center in France managed by the national agency for wastes (ANDRA). EDF management requested that its engineering arm, EDF CIDEN, study the graphite treatment alternatives to direct storage. In mid-2008, this study revealed the potential advantage for EDF to use a steam reforming process known as THermal Organic Reduction, “THOR” (owned by Studsvik, Inc., USA), to treat or destroy the graphite matrix and limit the quantity of secondary waste to be stored. In late 2009, EDF began a test program with Studsvik to determine if the THOR steam reforming process could be used to destroy the graphite. The program also sought to determine if the graphite could be treated to release the bulk of activity while minimizing the gasification of the bulk mass of the graphite. In October 2009, tests with non-irradiated graphite were completed and demonstrated destruction of a graphite matrix by the THOR process at satisfactory rates. After gasifying the graphite, focus shifted to the effect of roasting graphite at high temperatures in inert gases with low concentrations of oxidizing gases to preferentially remove volatile radionuclides while minimizing the graphite mass loss to 5%. A radioactive graphite sleeve was imported from France to the US for these tests. Completed in April 2010, ‘Phase I’ of testing showed that the process removed >99% of H-3 and 46% of C-14 with <6% mass loss. Completed in September 2011, ‘Phase II’ testing achieved increased removals as high as 80% C-14. During Phase II, it was also discovered that roasting in a reducing atmosphere helped to limit the oxidation of the graphite. Future work seeks to explore the effects of reducing gases to limit the bulk oxidation of graphite. If the graphite could be decontaminated of long-lived radionuclides up to 95% for C-14 while minimizing mass loss to <5%, this would minimize the volume of any secondary waste streams and potentially lower the waste class of the larger bulk of graphite. Alternatively, if up to 95% decontamination of C-14 is achieved, the graphite may be completely gasified which could result in lower disposal volumes.

Improvement in power generation performance of PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) is required for its market supremacy in automotive applications. In particular, it is important to suppress concentration overpotential in high current density operation. The microstructure of CCL (cathode catalyst layer) is known to have a great effect on the power generation performance of PEFC. Also, the requirement for the species transport characteristics should vary with the thickness-wise position in CCL. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design the microstructure of CCL by using multi-layered cathode catalyst layer and to evaluate oxygen transport properties. In this research, we fabricated three kinds of multi-layered CCLs which have the difference in I/C (ionomer to carbon) ratio of GDL (gas diffusion layer)-side layer (0.3, 0.5, 0.9). And, we investigated oxygen transport-reaction phenomena by evaluating polarization characteristics, ECA (electrochemical surface area) and RCL (oxygen transport resistance in the CCL) using limiting current measurements. As I/C ratio is decreased from 0.9 to 0.5, RCL is decreased 49%. On the contrary, as I/C ratio is decreased from 0.5 to 0.3, RCL is slightly increased. ECA is monotonically decreased as I/C ratio is decreased from 0.9 to 0.3. These results show that the species transport characteristics alone have optimum condition in the GDL-side CCL at around I/C = 0.50. In addition, we fabricated four kinds of multi-layered CCLs which have the difference in I/C ratio of GDL-side layer (0.5, 0.9) and mass fraction of platinum (10 wt%, 46 wt%.) Oxygen transport resistance is evaluated in CCL by separating the resistance to two components, Rmacro (by Knudsen diffusion) and Rlocal (by dissolution diffusion in ionomer,) by applying the ladder resistance model in CCL. As I/C ratio is decreased from 0.9 to 0.5, Rmacro is decreased and Rlocal is increased regardless of mass fraction of Pt. These results show that the ionomer amount of micropore in CCL is decreased, the micropore diameter is increased, and dissolution surface area near platinum is decreased as I/C ratio is decreased 0.9 to 0.5. These results strongly suggest that there is an optimization strategy of I/C ratio of GDL-side layer in CCL.

This study explores further extension of the computational cell methodology to model Mode I crack extension in high strength pipeline and structural steels. First, validation analyses of the cell methodology described in this study compare predictions of crack growth response with experimentally measured R-curves for a standard DIN StE 460 steel. Next, laboratory testing of an API 5L X70 steel at room temperature using standard, deep crack C(T) specimens provides the crack growth resistance curve to calibrate the micromechanics cell parameters for the material. The cell model incorporating the calibrated material-specific parameters is then applied to predict the burst pressure of a thin-walled gas pipeline containing longitudinal cracks with varying crack depth to thickness ratios (a/t). The plane-strain analyses reported here demonstrate the capability of the computational cell approach to simulate ductile crack growth and to predict the burst pressure of thin-walled tubular structures containing crack-like defects.

Research in Indigenous contexts has historically been associated with colonialism. To counter this, recent Indigenous research re-centers knowledge production on Indigenous worldviews and voices. As a settler ally, I have conducted a scoping review of Canadian Indigenous research using a mixed method approach (Western and Indigenous), adopting Arksey and O’Malley (2005) scoping methodology (for initial five steps) and Kovach’s (2010) Indigenous conversational method for consultations. The aim of this scoping review is to map out the praxis of Indigenous research by examining current epistemological trends, the diversity of Indigenous methods used and the role of researcher positionality in Indigenous research. Preliminary findings (before consultations) based on 46 papers across disciplines, point out to an increase in the number of Indigenous research projects conducted in Canada in the last five years. There is also evidence of substantial efforts by scholars to engage in respectful and reciprocal research partnerships with Indigenous partners.

This publication examines the latest finds of the AAE 2015–2017 field seasons. In the central part of Artezian settlement, where the study of the early citadel has been going on for two decades, two different level layers of fire dating from the early period of the Roman-Bosporan war of 44/45–49 were discovered at excavation pit III. Fires are located outside the citadel, in the space between the fortress walls and the defensive moat. The time of their formation did not exceed the limits of 45–46/47 AD. They were well separated from each other, since fire layer 2 lies 0.38–0.45 m deeper than fire layer 1, that dates to 46/47 AD. The lower level was conventionally called “fire 2” to distinguish it from the upper “fire 1”, in which the early citadel died. “Fire 2” layer, destruction and propellant missiles damaged in the clash are evidence of yet another previously unknown episode of the war: an attempt to capture the Artezian site during the early period of the Roman-Bosporan war between 44/45 and 46/47. The attackers – troops of usurper Cotys I and the Romans – failed to take the acropolis, although the buildings near the fortress wall were burned. The early citadel of Artezian was taken by storm later in 46/47. Together with it perished the supporters of the deposed king Mithridates III. It should be noted that the discovery of the “fire 1” layer outside the fortress walls was no surprise, although the same cannot be said about the discovery of the earlier layer of “fire 2”. Thanks to this discovery we can be certain about not one but two consecutive assaults of the early citadel in the initial period of the Roman-Bosporan war of 44/45–49.

Brittle fractures in parent material carbon steel pipe, fittings, and flanges are surfacing in recent ASME B31.3 refinery and gas plant construction and facility start-ups with unexpected low toughness of 3J (2.2 ft-lb) to 7J (5.2 ft-lb) at −10°C (14°F) to −29°C (−20°F). The issue is becoming wide-spread globally, affecting up to 30 percent of materials tested, although many manufacturers are not experiencing this issue. The issue creates a new brittle fracture risk that needs to be addressed as the uncertainty of not knowing suitability for service at temperatures down to −29°C (−20°F) is concerning for reliability and safety. These components are considered by ASME VIII Div I and ASME B31.3 Code as being inherently ductile, and brittle fracture resistant without any Charpy impact testing requirements. Testing showed brittle transgranular cleavage cracks. The components were deemed to be unsuitable and not safe for use at low temperatures even though they complied with the applicable ASME Codes [1, 2] and ASTM material standards. Low toughness can result in brittle fracture of the material during hydrostatic tests, cold start-ups, or upset conditions that result in low temperature operations. Additionally, some ASTM A350 LF2 CL1 [3] forged flanges certified to −46°C (−50°F) exhibited the same 3J (2.2 ft-lb) to 7J (5.2 ft-lb) at −46°C (−50°F). This paper discusses historical literature, metallurgical investigations, findings, and factors that contribute to susceptibility to brittle fracture including chemistry, grain size, heat treatment and forming techniques and also issues of ductile to brittle temperature transition shift, and fracture mechanical assumptions. This paper provides guidance to ensure the components are suitable for service and proposes options in addition to the current minimum Codes requirements to mitigate risks of in-service brittle fracture.

Introdução: A amenorreia – ausência de menstruação – pode estar ligada tanto a processos orgânicos naturais, a exemplo dos períodos gestacional e pós-menopausa, quanto a alterações patológicas no funcionamento do corpo feminino. Dentro disso, a amenorreia primária se caracteriza como a inexistência de menstruação até os 14 anos, na ausência de desenvolvimento dos caracteres sexuais secundários, ou aos 16 anos, independentemente da presença desses caracteres. Objetivo: Relacionar, a partir da literatura, amenorreia primária e malformações genitais femininas. Material e métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura com busca nas bases de dados SciELO e BVS. Foram utilizados os descritores extraídos do Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DECs): Amenorreia, Anomalias Congênitas, Genitália. Foram encontrados cinco artigos gratuitos, disponíveis na íntegra e publicados entre março de 2017 e setembro de 2020. Excluídos teses e resumos. Resultados: As causas da amenorreia primária podem ser divididas de acordo com a localização anatômica da disfunção. Desse modo, malformações genitais femininas se caracterizam como distúrbios do trato de saída ou do órgão-alvo uterino (Compartimento I). Tais anormalidades vão desde alterações em órgãos específicos, como hímen imperfurado e septo vaginal, até condições sindrômicas, como a síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (46, XX) e a síndrome da Insensibilidade aos Andrógenos (46, XY). Portanto, estadiar o desenvolvimento sexual secundário pelos critérios de Tanner, identificar possíveis queixas de dores pélvicas, de urgência miccional, de desconforto nas regiões vulvar e perineal e verificar permeabilidade vaginal e sinais de feminização testicular incompleta com aumento do clitóris são fundamentais para que haja o diagnóstico correto. Conclusão: A partir dos estudos, fica claro a relação entre amenorreia primária e malformações genitais femininas, causando a falta de menstruação e, em algumas vezes, o desenvolvimento inadequado dos caracteres sexuais secundários. Dessa maneira, nota-se que são imprescindíveis uma anamnese, um exame físico e um exame ginecológico minuciosos associados à exames complementares, como os de imagem, para o diagnóstico e para a escolha terapêutica mais adequada.

El acceso a agua potable y saneamiento continúa siendo uno de los retos de desarrollo más importantes de América Latina y el Caribe, especialmenteen zonas rurales. Entre 1990 y 2015, más de 200 millones de personas ganaron acceso a una fuente mejorada de agua y a saneamiento adecuado. Sin embargo, las disparidades de acceso entre zonas urbanas y rurales siguen siendo significativas. Actualmente ocho de cada diez personas sin acceso a una fuente mejorada de agua y nueve de cada diez personas sin acceso a saneamiento residen en zonas rurales. La práctica de defecación al aire libre también es más frecuente en zonas rurales, donde continúa efectuándola el 12% de la población, versus el 1% en zonas urbanas. En Bolivia se observan tendencias similares. Según datos del Censo 2012, el acceso a agua por cañería de red es del 68,3% de los hogares a nivel nacional, pero sólo del 40,3% en zonas rurales. El censo también reporta que mientras el 30,1% de los hogares de todo el país carece de servicio sanitario de baño o letrina, en zonas rurales la cifra aumenta al 62,4%. Por otro lado, la defecación al aire libre es del 46% en zonas rurales versus un 4% en zonas urbanas. Los niños menores de 5 años de edad son particularmente vulnerables a situaciones de ausencia de servicios de agua y saneamiento. El uso de agua no potable y las malas condiciones de saneamiento los exponen a parásitos y vectores de contaminación presentes en el ambiente, que puede afectar su crecimiento y desarrollo. Para atender este déficit de infraestructura de agua y saneamiento, el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, con el financiamiento y apoyo del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y de la Cooperación Española, diseñó un programa de agua y saneamiento (AyS) focalizado en comunidades rurales cuya población sea inferior a 500 habitantes con el objeto de: i) aumentar la cobertura de AyS en estas comunidades, ii) reducir el riesgo de enfermedades de origen hídrico en niños menores 5 años, iii) disminuir las prácticas de defecación al aire libre, y iv) mejorar la productividad de los adultos en hogares que dedican un promedio de 3 horas diarias a tareas de recolección y acarreo de agua. El programa beneficia a comunidades rurales de menos de 500 habitantes localizadas en cuatro departamentos del país: Chuquisaca, Potosí, Cochabamba y La Paz. Las intervenciones consisten en la construcción de sistemas de abastecimiento de agua y de soluciones individuales de saneamiento. Mediante el programa también se promueve la creación y fortalecimiento de organizaciones comunitarias, comités de agua o CAPYS, para la administración, operación y mantenimiento de los sistemas de agua; y la implementación de actividades de educación y cambio de comportamiento en materia de higiene y uso adecuado del recurso e infraestructura. La instrumentación incluye así dos dimensiones o componentes: infraestructura y desarrollo comunitario (DESCOM).