Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "1835-1886"

The ‘plain pumpkin-beetle’, indica species-complex of Aulacophora Chevrolat, 1836, is revised for Australopapua, Timor and the West Pacific. The species-complex is defined and the following eight included species are diagnosed and described: A. abdominalis (Fabricius, 1781); A. barrogae Reid, Halling & Beatson, sp. nov.; A. cornuta Baly, 1879; A. indica (Gmelin, 1790); A. mbabaram Reid, Halling & Beatson, sp. nov.; A. relicta (Boisduval, 1835); A. wallacii Baly, 1886; A. wilsoni Baly, 1888. The three other similar species in the region of interest, A. bicolor (Weber, 1801), A coffeae (Weber, 1801) and A. deplanchei (Perroud & Montrouzier, 1864), are diagnosed from the Aulacophora indica species-complex and a key is provided for all 11 species. New synonyms are noted as follows (senior synonym first): A. abdominalis (Fabricius, 1781) = A. argyrogaster (Montrouzier, 1861) syn. nov., = A. fabricii Baly, 1886 syn. nov., = A. armigera Baly, 1889 syn. nov., = A. aruensis (Weise, 1892) syn. nov., = A. fauveli Beenen, 2008 syn. nov.; A. relicta (Boisduval, 1835) = A. palmerstoni Blackburn, 1888 syn. nov., = A. imberbis Weise, 1916 syn. nov.. Aulacophora relicta (stat. rev.) is revalidated from synonymy with A. abdominalis and A. wilsoni (stat. rev.) is revalidated from synonymy with A. scutellata (Boisduval 1835). Aulacophora flava Olivier, 1808, is not an available species name. The synonymy of A. robusta Duvivier, 1884 with A. cornuta is confirmed. Five species traditionally placed in Aulacophora, Galleruca flaveola Boisduval, 1835, G. punctata Boisduval, 1835, G. scutellata Boisduval, 1835, Galleruca flavescens Montrouzier, 1856 and Galleruca artensis Montrouzier, 1861, are not identifiable to genus or species and are therefore listed as nomina dubia within Galerucinae. The previously designated lectotype of A. abdominalis is shown to be invalid. Neotypes are created for A. abdominalis and A. relicta as both lack original type material. A lectotype is designated for A. palmerstoni. The plain pumpkin-beetle species are distributed as follows: A. barrogae, A. mbabaram, A. relicta and A. wilsoni are endemic to Australia; A. abdominalis is widespread in the southwestern Pacific and Melanesia, west to Timor and east to Niue, but is absent from mainland Australia; A. cornuta is widespread from eastern India to Melanesia as far east as Guadalcanal; A. indica is widespread from India southeast to Timor and northeast to Guam, and adventitious further south and east, but absent from, or not established in, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu; A. wallacii is endemic to Timor. Native hosts are unknown for any species, but A. abdominalis, A. indica, A. relicta and A. wallacii are pests of exotic cucurbit crops.

В статье приведены новые сведения о фауне мух-кровососок Среднего и Нижнего Поволжья. Материал собран на территории Республики Татарстан (2018) и Саратовской области (2014, 2016– 2018, 2020). На основании литературных данных и личных сборов показано, что фауна мух- кровососок представлена не менее чем 10 видами: Crataerina pallida (Olivier in Latreille, 1811), Icosta ardeae (Macquart, 1835), Olfersia fumipennis (Sahlberg, 1886), O. spinifera (?) (Leach, 1817), Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811), Ornithomya avicularia Linnaeus, 1758, O. chloropus Bergroth, 1901, O. fringillina Curtis, 1836, Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864), Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus,1758), Melophagus ovinus (?) (Linnaeus,1758). Впервые для территории Среднего Поволжья приводится C. pallida, для Нижнего Поволжья – O. avicularia, для Среднего и Нижнего Поволжья – L. cervi.

Resumo: O presente artigo visa realizar um estudo a respeito dos vínculos da moderna ciência histórica alemã com elementos da teologia e religião cristãs. Pensando o historicismo nos termos de Wolfgang Hardtwig - como uma forma de religião da história (Geschichtsreligion) -, busca-se realizar dois estudos de caso a respeito das biografias e das obras de Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) e Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886). Considerados os pais fundadores do moderno pensamento histórico alemão, nos escritos dos referidos intelectuais é possível compreender como a consciência histórica contemporânea emergiu em sintonia com o nexo religioso de mundo produzido pela teologia protestante. Analisando este processo de transposição, pretendemos contribuir com tendências historiográficas que, nas últimas décadas, visaram repensar os vínculos entre ciência e religião no pensamento ocidental moderno.

La práctica precolombina de escalpar a los enemigos vencidos se acompa­ñaba de significados vinculados con el poder y la guerra. La llegada de los europeos alteró y propagó esta costumbre. El conflicto durante el siglo xix­ por los recursos de la región entre los pobladores de la entidad mexicana de Sonora con los apaches, incluyó medidas como gratificar por las cabelleras de apaches con el fin de exterminarlos. Esta táctica del gobierno local, pro­movida entre 1835 y 1886, resultó contraproducente al hacer las incursio­nes apaches más violentas para vengar el agravio. El establecimiento de los ejércitos de México y Estados Unidos para pacificar este espacio fronterizo y convertirlo en polo de crecimiento, como parte del proceso de configura­ción de los Estados nacionales, puso fin a esta cruel práctica.

AbstractDuring the 18th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-18, 2001–2002), a 102.18 m ice core was drilled at site LGB69 (70°50′06.6′′S, 77°04′28.9′′E, 1850 m a.s.l., accumulation rate 70 cm yr-1), located to the east of the Lambert Glacier basin. This ice core has been analysed for chemical composition. Based on the high definition of seasonal variations of major ions, the ice core was dated to cover 293 years (ad 1708–2001), with errors at the bottom end within ± 2 years. The non-sea salt SO42- time series provides a proxy for historical volcanic eruptions preserved in the core, and high non-sea salt SO42- concentrations are well correlated to some documented volcanic events, such as Tambora (ad 1815), Cosiguina (ad 1835), Krakatoa (ad 1883) and Tarawera (ad 1886).

Temelucha xana sp. n. is described from Spain. First records of Campoletis crassicornis (Tschek, 1871) from Algeria and Western Sahara, Campoletis katalinarum Vas, 2019 from Syria, Campoletis vimmeri (Gregor, 1938) from Albania, Dusona leptogaster (Holmgren, 1860) from Hungary, Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1822) from Morocco and Rwanda, Nemeritis macrocentra (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Montenegro, Nepiesta tibialis Horstmann, 1977 from Greece, Temelucha annulata (Szépligeti, 1899) from North Macedonia, Temelucha caudata (Szépligeti, 1899) from Armenia and North Macedonia, Temelucha cylindrator Narolsky, 1987 from Greece, Temelucha decorata (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Armenia, Temelucha genalis (Szépligeti, 1899) from North Macedonia, Temelucha lucida (Szépligeti, 1899) and Temelucha minuta (Morley, 1912) from Spain, Temelucha variipes (Szépligeti, 1899) from North Macedonia, Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) from Western Sahara, Homotropus elegans (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Morocco and Western Sahara, Enicospilus glabratus (Say, 1835) from Martinique, and Thyreodon rufothorax Cameron, 1886 from French Guiana are reported. With one figure.

This study documents a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the New World Ummidia species. At the onset of this work the genus comprised 27 species and one subspecies with a cosmopolitan distribution that includes North America, South America, Asia, northern Africa, and Europe; of these species the majority of the nominal diversity can be attributed to the New World where 20 species have been previously described. Ummidia oaxacana (Chamberlin, 1925) is considered a nomen dubium; U. tuobita (Chamberlin, 1917) and U. absoluta (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior synonyms of U. audouini (Lucas, 1835); the subspecies U. carabivora emarginata (Atkinson, 1886) is considered a junior synonym of U. carabivora (Atkinson, 1886); U. pygmaea (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1945) is considered a junior synonym of U. beatula (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940); U. celsa (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) is considered a junior synonym of U. funerea (Gertsch, 1936); Hebestatis lanthanus (Valerio, 1987) is considered a junior synonym of U. rugosa (Karsch, 1880). Thirty-three new species are described: U. neilgaimani, U. gingoteague, U. rongodwini, U. okefenokee, U. richmond, U. macarthuri, U. colemanae, U. rosillos, U. mercedesburnsae, U. paulacushingae, U. waunekaae, U. gertschi, U. timcotai, U. gabrieli, U. pesiou, U. rodeo, U. huascazaloya, U. anaya, U. cuicatec, U. brandicarlileae, U. riverai, U. frankellerae, U. hondurena, U. yojoa, U. matagalpa, U. carlosviquezi, U. varablanca, U. quepoa, U. cerrohoya, U. quijichacaca, U. tibacuy, U. neblina, U. tunapuna.

This overview of the Luciolinae addresses the fauna of S. E. Asia including India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Republic of Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and the Australopacific area of Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji.Of the 28 genera now recognised in the Luciolinae we address 27 genera from the study area as defined above, including three new genera which are described herein, and 222 species including 13 species newly described herein. Photuroluciola Pic from Madagascar is the only Luciolinae genus not addressed here. A key to genera is presented. Keys to species are either included here or referenced in existing literature. Twelve genera have had no new taxonomic decisions made nor are any new species records listed, and are addressed in an abbreviated fashion, with short diagnoses and plates of features of life stages: Aquatica Fu et al. 2010, Australoluciola Ballantyne 2013, Convexa Ballantyne 2009, Emeia Fu et al. 2012a, Inflata Boontop 2015, Lloydiella Ballantyne 2009, Missimia Ballantyne 2009, Pteroptyx Olivier 1902, Pyrophanes Olivier 1885, Sclerotia Ballantyne 2016, Triangulara Pimpasalee 2016, and Trisinuata Ballantyne 2013. Abscondita Ballantyne 2013 contains 8 species, and includes new records for Abs. anceyi (Olivier 1883), Abs. chinensis (L.) (which is newly synonymised with Luciola succincta Bourgeois), Abs. terminalis (Olivier 1883) including a first record from both Laos and Thailand, and Abs. perplexa (Walker 1858). Luciola pallescens Gorham 1880 is transferred to Abscondita and the pronotal colour range is addressed from a wide range of localities. Abs. berembun Nada sp. nov. and Abs. jerangau Nada sp. nov. are described from Malaysia. Hooked bursa plates are described for pallescens and berembun. Aquilonia Ballantyne 2009 is expanded to include 3 species. Gilvainsula Ballantyne 2009, represented by two species from the south eastern coast of New Guinea is synonymised under Aquilonia Ballantyne 2009, which is briefly redescribed and keyed from: Aquil. costata (Lea) from northern Australia, including many new records, Aquil. messoria (Ballantyne) comb. nov. and Aquil. similismessoria (Ballantyne) comb. nov. Asymmetricata Ballantyne 2009 now includes 4 species. As. bicoloripes (Pic 1927) comb. nov. and As. humeralis (Walker 1858) comb. nov. are transferred from Luciola, with L. doriae Olivier 1885, L. impressa Olivier 1910b and L. notatipennis Olivier 1909a newly synonymised with As. humeralis. Luciola aemula Olivier 1891 is synonymised with As. ovalis (Hope 1831). The variation in the extent of the anterior median emargination of the light organ in ventrite 7, and the possibility of a bipartite light organ in males of As. circumdata (Motsch. 1854) is explored. Females of both As. circumdata and As. ovalis (Hope 1831) are without bursa plates and the distinctively shaped median oviduct plate in each is described. Records from Thailand are recorded for both As. circumdata and As. ovalis. Atyphella Olliff 1890 now contains 28 species with 4 transferred from other genera, and one new species: Aty. abdominalis (Olivier 1886) comb. nov. and Aty. striata (Fabricius 1801) comb. nov. are transferred from Luciola, with Aty. carolinae Olivier 1911b and Aty. rennellia (Ballantyne 2009) comb. nov. transferred from Magnalata Ballantyne 2009. Atyphella telokdalam Ballantyne sp. nov. from Indonesia is described herein. Atyphella is now known from records in the Philippines and Indonesia as well as Australia and New Guinea. Colophotia Motschulsky 1853 is considered here from seven species for which intact types can be located for three. An abbreviated revision based on the United States National Museum collection only is presented, with specimens of C. bakeri Pic 1924, C. brevis Olivier 1903a, C. plagiata (Erichson 1834) and C. praeusta (Eschscholtz 1822) redescribed, using where possible features of males, females and larvae. Colophotia particulariventris Pic 1938 is newly synonymised with C. praeusta. Colophotia miranda Olivier 1886 and L. truncata Olivier 1886 are treated as species incertae sedis. Curtos Motschulsky 1845 includes 19 species with suggestions made, but not yet formalised, for the possible transfer of the following seven species from Luciola: Luciola complanata Gorham 1895, L. costata Pic 1929, L. delauneyi Bourgeois 1890, L. deplanata Pic 1929, L. extricans Walker 1858, L. multicostulata Pic 1927 and L. nigripes Gorham 1903. Curtos is not revised here. Emarginata Ballantyne gen nov. is described for E. trilucida (Jeng et al. 2003b) comb. nov., transferred from Luciola and characterised by the emarginated elytral apex. An extended range of specimens from Thailand is listed. Kuantana Ballantyne gen. nov. from Selangor, Malaysia is described from K. menayah gen. et sp. nov. having bipartite light organs in ventrite 7 and an asymmetrical tergite 8 which is not emarginated on its left side. Female has no bursa plates. Luciola Laporte 1833 s. stricto as defined by a population of the type species Luciola italica (L. 1767) from Pisa, Italy, is further expanded and considered to comprise the following19 species: L. antipodum (Bourgeois 1884), L. aquilaclara Ballantyne 2013, L. chapaensis Pic 1923 which is synonymised with L. atripes Pic 1929, L. curtithorax Pic 1928, L. filiformis Olivier 1913c, L. horni Bourgeois 1905, L. hypocrita Olivier 1888, L. italica (L. 1767), L. kagiana Matsumura 1928, L. oculofissa Ballantyne 2013, L. pallidipes Pic 1928 which is synonymised with L. fletcheri Pic 1935, L. parvula Kiesenwetter 1874, L. satoi Jeng & Yang 2003, L. tuberculata Yiu 2017, and two species treated as near L. laticollis Gorham 1883, and near L. nicollieri Bugnion 1922. The following are described as new: L. niah Jusoh sp. nov., L. jengai Nada sp. nov. and L. tiomana Ballantyne sp. nov. Luciola niah sp. nov. female has two wide bursa plates on each side of the bursa. Luciola s. lato (as defined here) consists of 36 species. Twenty-seven species formerly standing under Luciola have been assigned to other genera or synonymised. Seven species are recommended for transfer to Curtos, and 32 species now stand under species incertae sedis. Magnalata Ballantyne is reduced to the type species M. limbata and redescribed. Medeopteryx Ballantyne 2013 is expanded to 20 species with the addition of two new combinations, Med. semimarginata (Olivier 1883) comb. nov. and Med. timida (Olivier 1883) comb. nov., both transferred from Luciola, and one new species, Med. fraseri Nada sp. nov. from Malaysia. The range of this genus now extends from Australia and the island of New Guinea to SE Asia. Medeopteryx semimarginata females have wide paired bursa plates. Pygoluciola Wittmer 1939 now includes 19 species with 5 new species: P. bangladeshi Ballantyne sp. nov., P. dunguna Nada 2018, P. matalangao Ballantyne sp. nov. (scored by the code name ‘Jeng Matalanga’ in Ballantyne & Lambkin 2013), P. phupan Ballantyne sp. nov. and P. tamarat Jusoh sp. nov. Six species are transferred from Luciola: P. abscondita (Olivier 1891) comb. nov., P. ambita (Olivier 1896) comb. nov., P. calceata (Olivier 1905) comb. nov., P. insularis (Olivier 1883) comb. nov., P. nitescens (Olivier 1903b) comb. nov. and P. vitalisi (Pic 1934) comb. nov., and redescribed from males, and includes female reproductive anatomy for P. nitescens comb. nov. and P. dunguna, both of which have hooked bursa plates. Serratia Ballantyne gen. nov. is erected for S. subuyania gen. et sp. nov. and characterised by the serrate nature of certain antennal flagellar segments in the male. The following 37 species listed under species incertae sedis are further explored: Colophotia miranda Olivier 1886, Lampyris serraticornis Boisduval 1835, Luciola angusticollis Olivier 1886, L. antennalis Bourgeois 1905, L. antica (Boisduval 1835), L. apicalis (Eschscholtz 1822), L. aurantiaca Pic 1927, L. bicoloriceps Pic 1924, L. binhana Pic 1927, L. bourgeoisi Olivier 1895, L. dilatata Pic 1929, L. exigua (Gyllenhall 1817), L. exstincta Olivier 1886, L. fissicollis Fairmaire 1891, L. flava Pic 1929, L. flavescens (Boisduval 1835), L. fukiensis Pic 1955, L. immarginata Bourgeois 1890, L. incerta (Boisduval 1835), L. infuscata (Erichson 1834), L. intricata (Walker 1858), L. japonica (Thunberg 1784), L. klapperichi Pic 1955, L. lata Olivier 1883, L. limbalis Fairmaire 1889, L. marginipennis (Boisduval 1835), L. melancholica Olivier 1913a, L. robusticeps Pic 1928, L. ruficollis (Boisduval 1835), L. spectralis Gorham 1880, L. stigmaticollis Fairmaire 1887, L. tincticollis Gorham 1895, L. trivandrensis Raj 1947, L. truncata Olivier 1886, L. vittata (Laporte 1833) Pteroptyx atripennis Pic 1923 and P. curticollis Pic 1923. While phylogenetic analyses indicate their distinctiveness, no further taxonomic action is taken with Luciola cruciata Motschulsky 1854 and L. owadai Sâtô et Kimura 1994 from Japan given the importance of the former as a national icon. Analyses also indicate that Lampyroidea syriaca Costa 1875 belongs in Luciola s. str. A much wider taxonomic analysis of this genus including all the species is necessary before any further action can be taken.

Ces travaux se proposent de relire d'une manière fort originale le principe de musique à programme développé au XIXe siècle par Franz Liszt. Nos chemins suivront ceux de l'herméneutique musicale, plus précisément ceux d'une herméneutique de la création. Notre terrain sera concis mais relativement précis : la "Vallée d'Obermann" composée depuis la lecture du roman de Senancour, "Obermann", seconde édition (1833). Cette oeuvre semble sourdre d'une double crise identitaire à la fois intellectuelle et existentielle. Elle se révèle être aussi l'archétype de la musique à programme. Le processus compositionnel qui la caractérise reflète à ce titre le parcours initiatique que Liszt a suivi au sein des plus grands salons littéraires de son temps. Une tâche l'obstine, celle de pouvoir "sensiblement" résorber les angoisses métaphysiques qui l'assaillent : "Que veux-je ? Que suis-je ?", premières interrogations introduites par le programme littéraire. En examinant la manière dont le compositeur s'est musicalement compris face à l'oeuvre épistolaire de Senancour de même qu'en révèlant les rencontres et les discussions qu'il a entreprises avec le romancier lors de ses "années de formation", notre tâche se fait double : cerner d'une part la raison d'être d'une telle mutation des traditions compositionnelles, ce qui l'a motivé à associer sa musique aux plus grandes épopées de la littérature occidentale ; ériger d'autre part une approche méthodologique qui puisse rendre compte de la spécificité de cette raison d'être ainsi que son originalité tant herméneutique que sémiotique.

A longer essay that looks at the careers of two British chemists, George Carey Foster (1835–1919) and Frederick Guthrie (1833–1886) who both became physics teachers. The essay explores how practical chemistry teaching became the model for practical physics teaching.