Articles de revues sur le sujet « Youth Violence Reduction Partnership »
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Schober, Daniel J., Ashley Wolf, Myles C. Castro, Julie Slezak, Paula Hastings et Diane Latiker. « An Academic-Community Partnership to Address Gun Violence in the Roseland Neighborhood of Chicago ». Family & ; Community Health 47, no 2 (avril 2024) : 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000392.
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Background and Objectives: Gun violence is the leading cause of death for youth. This study examined an academic-community partnership to address gun violence through a strength-based approach called Asset-Based Community Development. Methods: We used a case study design. Participants were Black youth who encounter frequent gun violence (average age = 16.7 years; 72% male). Our partnership involved survey development/completion and semistructured discussions. We also interviewed community stakeholders to collect data on local assets. We interpreted data through a communitywide forum to guide social action to address gun violence. Results: The majority of youth (76%) witnessed neighborhood violence in the last year. The top youth concerns related to gun violence included poverty, guns, and gangs. Community stakeholders saw local people and local organizations as primary community assets. A community forum to interpret these data led to social action in the form of an environmental strategy—cleaning up an unused commercial building for the development of a youth tech center. The majority of youth participants (89.5%) agreed or strongly agreed that they had a voice in the research process. Conclusion: Participatory research that takes an asset-based approach can enable relevant inquiry that engages youth and guides social action to address gun violence.
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Kim, Caleb. « Essential facilitators in building university partnership with ethnic minority communities ». Revue internationale animation, territoires et pratiques socioculturelles, no 19 (14 juin 2021) : 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55765/atps.i19.1027.
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Recently, universities have paid attention to partnership with local communities for mutual benefits. However, this partnership is a complex and challenging process because it brings two different organizations to work together. Many challenges encountered often produces dissatisfying results and distrust among all participants. Using the BRAVE youth violence prevention program as a case study, this study describes the essential facilitators affecting the university partnership with disadvantaged poor ethnic communities in Chicago. Identified facilitators are: agreed mutual benefits, trust relationship, open and transparent communication, shared missions and interest, equal power in decision-making, empowering organization’s sustainability, flexibility, and cultural activities. Building on the lessons from this case example, this study presents that the university-community partnership demonstrates a shared responsibility of the university to serve community members and of the partner agency’s commitment to strengthen the community’s capacity to prevent youth violence.
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Canto, Angela. « Turning Point-Rethinking Violence : A Youth Violence Reduction Intervention ». Emergency Medicine, Trauma & ; Surgical Care 2, no 1 (9 avril 2015) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ets-8798/100004.
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Demchuk, V. S. « Digest of U-Report surveys : 4th quarter of 2023 (violence in relationships, culture of charity and attitudes towards same-sex partnerships) ». Ukrainian society 87, no 4 (30 décembre 2023) : 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2023.04.097.
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The results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for October are shown – December 2023: gender stereotypes and violence against women, culture of charity, attitude to same-sex partnership.
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Hayward, Thomas Z., Clark J. Simons, Wendy St John, Michelle Waymire et Thomas D. Stucky. « Impacting the Problem of Inner-City Youth Violence : “Educating Kids about Gun Violence” Program ». American Surgeon 77, no 4 (avril 2011) : 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700422.
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The Educating Kids Against Gun Violence (EKG) program was developed in response to high levels of gun violence in an urban inner-city county through a partnership between the county prosecutor's office, local law enforcement, and a Level 1 trauma center. This program incorporates short video clips and interactive presentations, which address legal and medical consequences of gun violence. The program was presented to youths varying in age and degree of prior contact with the criminal justice system. Pre and post surveys were used to evaluate the short-term impact of the EKG program on the legal and medical knowledge and attitudes of youth participants. There were 130 pre and post surveys that could be exactly matched. Sixty-three per cent of participants had been arrested and 35 per cent had been convicted of a crime. On the post survey, 79 per cent stated that “the program will help keep me out of trouble” and 69 per cent stated that “in the future because of this program I will be less likely to carry a gun”. The EKG program seemed to have positive short-term impacts on youth knowledge of legal and medical consequences and attitudes regarding gun violence.
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Waldemar, José Ovidio Copstein, et Breno Irigoyen de Freitas. « The Role of Mindfulness and Social–Emotional Learning Within a Systemic Multidimensional Approach to Diminish Violence in Cities in Brazil ». World Social Psychiatry 6, no 1 (janvier 2024) : 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_66_23.
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Background: Urban violence is a significant issue in Brazil, particularly affecting young people in public schools. Mindfulness and Social Emotional Learning (SEL) interventions have shown efficacy in promoting mental health and reducing violence. Method: This article describes the development of a partnership between the Program of Mindfulness and Social Emotional Learning (SENTE) and Instituto Cidade Segura (ICS), an NGO focused on a systemic approach to violence reduction. Results: SENTE evolved over 15 years, initiated by Instituto da Familia (INFAPA), with a focus on underserved populations. This collaboration aimed to create a more comprehensive violence reduction intervention. The Mindfulness and Social–Emotional Learning Program (M-SEL) sessions, incorporating elements of mindfulness, SEL, and the council method, demonstrated improvements in emotional, conduct, relationship, and prosocial behavior. Conclusion: The partnership between SENTE and ICS provides an effective model for addressing urban violence in Brazilian cities. By integrating mindfulness and SEL into school curricula, this approach enhances mental health and reduces violence among students. Future efforts should focus on sustainable implementation strategies and adequate teacher training to ensure long-term success.
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Mark Edberg, Sean D. Cleary, Elizabeth Andrade, Rodrigo Leiva, Martha Bazurto, Maria Ivonne Rivera, Luisa Montero et Melba Calderon. « SAFER Latinos : A Community Partnership to Address Contributing Factors for Latino Youth Violence ». Progress in Community Health Partnerships : Research, Education, and Action 4, no 3 (2010) : 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2010.0009.
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Morris, Marika. « Inuit involvement in developing a participatory action research project on youth, violence prevention, and health promotion ». Études/Inuit/Studies 40, no 1 (14 juin 2017) : 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040147ar.
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This article describes the process of developing an academic and community participatory action research partnership on Inuit youth and violence prevention through social media. Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada chose the topic, defined the research goals, co-developed the first draft of the project and its methodology, established and chaired an Inuit advisory committee, spearheaded consultations with other Inuit organizations to refine the methodology, and co-facilitated a focus group. The “action” part of the project involved using the research results to develop with Inuit youth an outreach strategy to prevent violence and promote health via social media. The article discusses the research process, which was guided by Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (traditional values) and which used a methodology redesigned by Inuit, including youth and elders. The result was a violence prevention focus group for Inuit aged 18 to 25, co-led by the Mamisarvik Healing Centre, and an online survey of social media use among Inuit aged 18 to 25. This participatory action research process is presented as a potential model for academic-community partnerships.
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Thomas, Sandra P. « A New Approach to Prevention and Reduction of Youth Violence ». Issues in Mental Health Nursing 30, no 9 (janvier 2009) : 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840903078340.
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Kennedy, David M., Anne M. Piehl et Anthony A. Braga. « Youth Violence in Boston : Gun Markets, Serious Youth Offenders, and a Use-Reduction Strategy ». Law and Contemporary Problems 59, no 1 (1996) : 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192213.
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Zanoni, Joseph, Susan Avila, Linda Rae Murray, Andrea Guzman, David Levine et Kimberly Joseph. « Youth Violence Prevention Curriculum Evaluation : Outcomes of a Cook County, Illinois Community Based Partnership ». International Quarterly of Community Health Education 31, no 2 (avril 2011) : 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/iq.31.2.e.
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Edberg, Mark C., Sean D. Cleary, Elizabeth L. Andrade, W. Douglas Evans, Lauren K. Simmons et Idalina Cubilla-Batista. « Applying Ecological Positive Youth Development Theory to Address Co-Occurring Health Disparities Among Immigrant Latino Youth ». Health Promotion Practice 18, no 4 (18 avril 2016) : 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916638302.
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This article outlines the theory and resulting approach employed in a multilevel, integrated, collaborative community intervention called Adelante, implemented by a university–community partnership in a Latino immigrant community to address co-occurring health disparities of substance abuse, sex risk, and interpersonal violence among youth. The basis for the intervention is a social–ecological interpretation of positive youth development theory, which focuses on changes in the person environment context and community assets as a preventive mechanism. This approach is viewed as appropriate for a community facing multiple barriers to health equity. The article describes the translation of this positive youth development model to practice, including the design of the intervention, intervention components, and the protocol for evaluation. The Adelante intervention is intended to reduce health disparities and, in addition, to add a broader community model to the evidence base.
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Kozhukhar, G. S. « Phenomenology of Different Forms of Psychological Violence among Youth : Foreign Studies ». Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no 2 (2014) : 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060220.
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We provide an overview of modern Western literature devoted to the problem of psychological violence and its various manifestations in the education system, particularly at school. We briefly characterize the approaches to the problem of violence, describe the results of several studies demonstrating the relationship of the psychological climate at school and academic performance, the probability of applying for support to teachers and peers, give the specific facts of influence of sex, age and other socio- psychological characteristics, extending and specifying the notion of phenomenology of psychological violence. We show the role of cultural values and school microclimat as fundamental factors of violence prevention. Our recommendations are aimed at the prevention and reduction of violence in the modern education system (in particular, bullying and cyberbullying).
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Chermak, Steven, et Edmund McGarrell. « Problem-Solving Approaches to Homicide : An Evaluation of the Indianapolis Violence Reduction Partnership ». Criminal Justice Policy Review 15, no 2 (juin 2004) : 161–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403404263626.
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Jolin, Annette, et Charles A. Moose. « Evaluating a Domestic Violence Program in a Community Policing Environment : Research Implementation Issues ». Crime & ; Delinquency 43, no 3 (juillet 1997) : 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128797043003003.
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The law enforcement response to domestic violence has changed dramatically in the last two decades. The most recent changes came about in the wake of community policing and its core elements: partnership and problem solving. This article traces the impact of these community policing values on the formation and operation of a domestic violence reduction program in Portland, Oregon. The differences between the police response to domestic violence in the context of traditional policing versus community policing are highlighted. Particular attention is given to the role of research in police policy formation when community policing principles are implemented.
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Watkins, Luke William John, et Alinka Gearon. « Mapping Driving Factors of UK Serious Youth Violence across Policy and the Community : A Multi-Level Discoursal Analysis ». Societies 14, no 7 (18 juillet 2024) : 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc14070125.
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The discussion of factors driving young people’s involvement in serious violence continues to be well documented across policy, news media, and academic research. The government response to riots taking place across the UK in 2011 set a precedent for an increasingly punitive discourse surrounding young people’s involvement in criminal lifestyles, as well as the Criminal Justice System’s response to the overall issue. In order to develop a greater understanding of the complex breadth of driving factors behind serious youth violence and their discoursal representation, this article presents findings of a multifaceted investigation through the interpretivist paradigm, merging macro-level policy with micro-level community insights. The article commences with an argumentative discourse analysis of a selection of Government and Youth Violence Commission policy documents before drawing on three semi-structured interviews with community-level practitioners in England working within policing and youth work organisations. The findings reveal a complex interplay of socio-environmental factors, poverty, domestic trauma, cultural dimensions, and street-based exploitation positioned alongside constructs of social exclusion and masculinity. The study uncovers a broad issue of systemic marginalisation and reduction in community resources, exacerbating conditions of social exclusion that create a greater propensity for involvement in serious youth violence. The findings support calls for the framing of serious youth violence as an issue of ‘public health’, encouraging deeper investigation into underlying socio-economic, cultural, and political conditions.
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Zaykowski, Heather. « Victim Consciousness Among Youth and Their Responses to Violent Encounters ». Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no 3 (13 avril 2016) : 516–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516642292.
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This study examines how youth interpret potentially violent encounters, their own identity as victims, and their responses to dangerous situations. The purpose is to understand when “victimization” does or does not lead to a violent response and how individuals negotiate risky situations. Qualitative interviews from 147 youth, aged 12 to 23 across three high-crime neighborhoods in Philadelphia, were examined. Of these youth, 86 individuals described 136 encounters with violent or threatening situations. Coding examined themes in youth perceptions of these encounters, as well as their responses. Three themes emerged in the youth’s accounts: youth as victims, youth as street smart, and youth action as self-defense. Youth’s understanding of risk and situational dynamics of the encounter shaped their perceptions of violent incidents and consequently if they responded with violence or used other strategies such as help seeking, avoidance, negotiation, or tolerance. Youth’s understanding of victimhood should be considered in research on the victim–offender overlap and generally in youth violence studies. Implications for the victim–offender overlap include incorporating a more nuanced perspective on social distance and power dynamics as understood by victims. Implications for policy include providing culturally sensitive violence reduction models and victim services that account for youth’s own understanding of their experiences.
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Ippolitova, Elena, Irina Ralnikova et Olga Gurova. « Family prospects of the Russian youth in conditions of social change ». SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018) : 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185502002.
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The article presents the results of a study of the family prospects of modern youth for the period from 2011 to 2017. A tendency has been revealed to reorient young people from traditional family values, including the birth and upbringing of children, to creating a satisfying need for support, freedom, and self-development of the partnership. There is a reduction in the target saturation of family prospects for young people, the reduction in the content of their goals related to marital relations, while concentrating on the planning of personal development. The family prospects of Russian youth reflect their focus on creating in the future not a traditional patriarchal family, but a free alliance that implements emotional, psychological, as well as recreational functions and a safety function at the expense of the reproductive one.
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Snider, Carolyn, et Jacques Lee. « Youth violence secondary prevention initiatives in emergency departments : a systematic review ». CJEM 11, no 02 (mars 2009) : 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500011131.
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ABSTRACTObjective:Youth violence continues to trouble Canadians. Emergency department (ED) visits by youth after a violent injury may represent a “teachable moment,” and thus secondary violence prevention interventions may be effective. We conducted a systematic review to identify the success rates of any interventions, the populations likely to benefit and the outcome measures used.Data source:We searched 8 databases (i.e., MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the ACP Journal Club, DARE and CENTRAL).Study selection:Studies were included if they described and evaluated an intervention, were health care–based and targeted youth who were injured by violence. Two blinded investigators selected 15 articles from 181 abstracts. After full-text review, 8 articles were excluded, leaving 7 articles from 4 intervention programs.Data extraction:All interventions used ED case management of the violently injured patient. One randomized control trial (RCT) demonstrated a significant reduction in reinjury rates (treatment group 8.1% v. control group 20.3%,p= 0.05). Another small RCT found no statistically significant reductions in repeat violence or service use. One retrospective cohort study demonstrated a lower relative risk (RR) in future criminal justice involvement (RR = 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.99). A retrospective study of pediatric patients with violent injuries found only 1% of these youth returned with injuries as a result of repeat violence.Data synthesis:Although all 4 case management interventions that we reviewed showed promise in the United States, small sample sizes and incomplete follow-up limited their ability to demonstrate significant decreases in reinjury.Conclusion:Future research is necessary to help EDs capitalize on the opportunity to effectively reduce youth violence.
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Spivak, Howard. « Violence Prevention : A Call to Action ». Pediatrics 94, no 4 (1 octobre 1994) : 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.4.577.
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The Landscape Of Children's Health Issues Is Changing. While This Is Obvious To Most Pediatricians, Few Would Have Predicted, Even A Decade Ago, The Prominence Of Violence And Violent Injuries In The Present Landscape Facing Children And Youth. What Was Once Seen And Addressed As A Problem Confined To Certain Populations, Particularly Poor And Minority Youth, Is Now Increasingly Visible Throughout The Nation, Crossing All Socioeconomic Boundaries, Affecting Rural, Suburban, And Urban Communities. In Just A Few Years, If Current Trends Continue, Guns Will Kill More Us Children And Youth Than Automobiles.1 Pediatricians And Other Health Professionals Concerned About Children Must Face This Issue Head-On And Must Participate In Efforts To Turn The Tide On Violence And Its Effects On Children. The Key Is To Better Understand The Underlying Risks And Contributing Factors Surrounding This Growing Epidemic And To Clearly Define Our Role, As Individual Pediatricians And At The Professional Organizational Level, In Working To Reduce Those Risks. The Papers Contained In This Supplement Present A Broad Overview Of Some Of The Key Factors Related To Violence As Well As An Overview Of What Is Known About The Responses To These Factors. Four Of The Papers Specifically Focus On How Violent Behavior Is Learned By And Reinforced In Children At Home,2,3 In The Community,4 And Through The Media.5 One Paper Takes A Look At The Role Of Firearms, Particular Hand-Guns, In This Epidemic.6 The Last Three Papers Describe And Review Strategies For Reduction Of Violence In The Community,7 In The Media,8 And Through Advocacy At The State And National Levels.9
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Mennicke, Annelise, Heather M. Bush, Candace J. Brancato et Ann L. Coker. « Bystander Intervention Efficacy to Reduce Teen Dating Violence Among High School Youth Who Did and Did Not Witness Parental Partner Violence : A Path Analysis of A Cluster RCT ». Journal of Family Violence 36, no 7 (29 juin 2021) : 755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00297-y.
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AbstractYouth who witness parental intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk of teen dating violence (DV). This analysis of secondary data investigated whether a bystander intervention program, Green Dot, was effective at reducing physical and psychological DV victimization and perpetration among youth who had and had not previously witnessed parental IPV. The parent RCT assigned 13 schools to control and 13 schools to the Green Dot intervention. Responses from 71,797 individual surveys that were completed by high school students were analyzed across three phases of a 5-year cluster randomized control trial. Multigroup path analyses revealed that students in intervention schools who witnessed parental IPV had a reduction in psychological (p < .001) and physical DV (p < .01) perpetration and psychological DV victimization (p < .01) in Phase 2 of the intervention, while those who did not witness parental IPV had a significant reduction in psychological DV victimization (p < .01). Individuals in the intervention received more training (p < .001), which was associated with lower levels of violence acceptance (p < .001). Violence acceptance was positively associated with DV victimization and perpetration (p < .001), especially for individuals who previously witnessed parental IPV. Green Dot is an effective program at reducing DV victimization and perpetration among the high-risk group of youth who previously witnessed parental IPV, largely operating through violence acceptance norms. This underscores the bystander intervention approach as both a targeted and universal prevention program.
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DeMarco, Jeffrey, Yael llan-Clarke, Amanda Bunn, Tom Isaac, John Criddle, Gillian Holdsworth et Antonia Bifulco. « Improving mental health and lifestyle outcomes in a hospital emergency department based youth violence intervention ». Journal of Public Mental Health 15, no 3 (19 septembre 2016) : 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-07-2015-0031.
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Purpose Current government policy aims to tackle youth anti-social behaviour and its psychological and social impacts. Given an increased likelihood that young victims of crime are also likely to engage in aggressive or deviant behaviour and to have psychological and social difficulties, interventions are needed which access vulnerable youth with adverse lifestyles to increase well-being and reduce offending. The current project utilised a hospital emergency department (ED) as an appropriate location to identify and interact with youth victims of violent crime; to support key lifestyle risk and mental health difficulties; and build resilience. The purpose of this paper is to use a youth work paradigm, to target vulnerable youth in a health setting at a crisis point where intervention may have a higher chance of uptake. Design/methodology/approach The study applied a quasi-experimental, longitudinal design. Using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire and the “What Do You Think” component of the ASSET risk assessment, data were collected from 120 youth aged 12-20, at baseline with 66 youth who successfully completed the programme with assessments at baseline and follow-up, at an average of 14 weeks. Findings There was significant reduction in both psychological problems and lifestyle risk at follow-up. Research limitations/implications These findings support the government initiative to intervene in youth violence in healthcare settings. Challenges revolve around increasing participation and greater formalisation of the intervention. Originality/value The youth work led violence intervention in the ED is successfully tackling psychological problems and lifestyle risk following injury.
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Closson, Kalysha, Tadiwa Nemutambwe, Zoë Osborne, Gem Y. Lee, Colby Hangle, Sadie Stephenson, Patience Magagula et al. « Relationship and Gender Equity Measurement Among Gender-Inclusive Young Women and Non-Binary Youth in British Columbia (RE-IMAGYN BC) : Planning a Youth-Led, Community-Based, Qualitative Research Study ». International Journal of Qualitative Methods 22 (6 janvier 2023) : 160940692211484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221148415.
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Gender-based power dynamics within intimate relationships such as controlling behaviours are driven by inequitable gender norms that perpetuate intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet, the ways in which we understand and measure gender-based power dynamics focus on the relationships of monogamous, cisgender, white, heterosexual women. This paper outlines our process of planning and implementing a qualitative, youth-led, community-based research (CBR) study exploring how diverse youth with intersecting identities perceive existing measures of gender equity and understand gender equity based on their own relationships. Between August-November 2022, we used purposive sampling to recruit 30 gender-inclusive young women and non-binary youth aged 17–29 with diverse identities, who live in British Columbia (BC), and have recent experience in a non-heterosexual and/or non-monogamous relationship (within prior 12 months). Using CBR methods, we hired and trained three Youth Research Associates (YRAs) and convened a 10-member Youth Advisory Committee (YAC) comprised of youth aged 19–28 years with queer, trans, and/or non-monogamous identities and experiences to consult on all aspects of our study. YRAs conducted cognitive interviews using an interview guide co-developed and piloted in partnership with the YAC and YRAs. Cognitive interviews explored youth perceptions of gender equity and two gender equity measures widely used in health research today. Interview data will be analyzed collaboratively using intersectional descriptive and thematic analysis. Results from our CBR study will be used to make recommendations to advance gender equity measurement to be more inclusive of and applicable to a diversity of youth relationships, experiences, and identities.
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ALEXANDROVA-KARAMANOVA, Anna. « BULLYING AND VIOLENCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN BULGARIA : THE IMPACT OF POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT ». ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCHES AND STUDIES 12, no 1 (2022) : 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.26758/12.1.22.
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Objectives. Bullying and physical fighting are prevalent among adolescents and have negative health and psychosocial effects for both perpetrators and victims. Risk and protective factors for bullying and violence have been identified, including the protective role of the characteristics of Positive Youth Development. According to Lerner’s 5Cs model these include Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of Positive Youth Development characteristics on adolescent bullying and cyberbullying perpetration and participation in physical fighting. Material and methods. Data from the 2017/2018 Bulgarian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children [HBSC] study were used. The national representative sample comprised 1517 adolescents aged 15 years. Measures included the Positive Youth Development Scale – short form and single-item measures of bullying, cyberbullying and physical fighting. Results. Bullying, cyberbullying, and physical fighting were prevalent among Bulgarian adolescents, more often in boys. The proportion of explained variance by the 5 Positive Youth Development characteristics was 3% for bullying, 11% for cyberbullying and 4% for fighting. Bullying and cyberbullying were both significantly negatively associated with Character, with bullying also significantly negatively associated with Confidence. Physical fighting was significantly negatively associated with Confidence and Caring and positively associated with Competence. These associations remained significant after being adjusted for gender and socioeconomic status, except for the association between fighting and Caring. Conclusions. Findings suggest the development of the characteristics of Positive Youth Development (especially Character and Confidence) through various youth programs can contribute to the reduction of bullying and violence in young people. Keywords: bullying perpetration, cyberbullying perpetration, physical fighting, Positive Youth Development, adolescents.
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Zagar, Robert John. « Identification, Treatment, and Prevention of Homicide : Fallacies in Research, Treatment, and Policy—A Postscript on Youth Violence ». Psychological Reports 104, no 1 (février 2009) : 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.363-377.
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This postscript conveys lessons learned from the 5 studies by Zagar and colleagues which examined risks for later commission of violence and homicide among abused, violent, and homicidal youth and adults. This set of studies is the first longitudinal data on risks for extreme violence from infancy to adulthood. The 5 articles following these studies consist of a developmental context for risks, historical comparisons of risks for delinquency, analyses of the costs and benefits of actuarial testing and treatment, and a general discussion of the legal issues related to application of testing and treatments. A review of the state of research on homicide acknowledges the many contributors to the literature and ideas underlying this overall work. Then, a set of 12 “fallacies” about violence that prevent or inhibit adoption of realistic, empirically sound approaches to the reduction of violence in society are addressed.
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Ellis, B. Heidi. « Building the Airplane While Flying It : The Story of Ongoing Efforts to Establish and Evaluate a Multidisciplinary Team Response to VE in Massachusetts US ». Proceedings 77, no 1 (26 avril 2021) : 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021077010.
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Research on mental health and violence among marginalized communities has identified the importance of engaging communities, diminishing stigma, addressing multiple outcomes including strengths, and building social connections. Within the United States, Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) policies and programs have been criticized for failing in these areas. Recent efforts have sought to build multidisciplinary teams for the prevention of targeted violence and terrorism that explicitly seek to address these critiques and work to build the capacity of multidisciplinary providers to work with youth at risk for targeted violence and terrorism. Community Connect was a Boston, US-based community-based program that worked with youth at risk of violence, including ideologically-based violence. This program achieved broad community buy-in and successfully linked referred youth to a broad range of services in their communities. To bring the program to scale, an adaptation of Community Connect was developed that accepted referrals from a regional federally-convened threat assessment team, the Massachusetts Bay Threat Assessment Team (MassBayTAT). This multidisciplinary services team (MDST) maintains several essential functions from Community Connect, such as providing a thorough psychosocial assessment and maintaining regular contact and coordination between diverse providers, as well as making key changes to accommodate a regional scope. Given the nascent state of the field, both formative as well as summative evaluations play important roles in shaping and evaluating multidisciplinary violence prevention teams, as is evident in the iterative adaptation of the above-described multidisciplinary approaches. Evaluation of a multidisciplinary team for VE should assess both team development as well as case outcomes. Building trust within a community of diverse providers and disciplines and achieving a ‘whole of society’ approach to violence prevention is in and of itself an outcome that should be sought, as well as a reduction in violence at the individual level. Mixed-methods evaluations are needed to capture both the process and outcomes that are central to an effective multidisciplinary team for the prevention of terrorism and targeted violence.
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Zahradnik, Marc, Sherry Stewart, Doreen Stevens et Christine Wekerle. « Knowledge Translation in a Community-Based Study of the Relations Among Violence Exposure, Post-traumatic Stress and Alcohol Misuse in Mi’kmaq Youth ». First Peoples Child & ; Family Review 4, no 2 (13 mai 2020) : 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069334ar.
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In 2004, our research group was invited to continue a research partnership with a Nova Scotian Mi’kmaq community that was concerned about the causes of and interventions for adolescent alcohol misuse in their community. While our previous collaborative research focused on reducing adolescent alcohol misuse by targeting motivations for drinking that were personality specific (see Mushquash, Comeau, & Stweart, 2007), the more recent collaboration sought to investigate the possible relationship between exposure to violence, post-traumatic stress, and alcohol misuse. The present paper outlines the steps involved in gaining community consent, the plan for results sharing, the tangible benefits to the community that have been documented, and future directions and lessons learned. The paper will demonstrate how the principles of Knowledge Translation (CIHR, 2006) provide a framework for this process.
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Baillie, Dave, Mariam Aligawesa, Harriet Birabwa-Oketcho, Cerdic Hall, David Kyaligonza, Richard Mpango, Moses Mulimira et Jed Boardman. « Diaspora and peer support working : benefits of and challenges for the Butabika–East London Link ». BJPsych. International 12, no 01 (février 2015) : 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000064.
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The International Health Partnership (‘the Link’) between the East London NHS Foundation Trust and Butabika Hospital in Uganda was set up in 2005. It has facilitated staff exchanges and set up many workstreams (e.g. in child and adolescent psychiatry, nursing and psychology) and projects (e.g. a peer support worker project and a violence reduction programme). The Link has been collaborative and mutually beneficial. The authors describe benefits and challenges at individual and organisational levels. Notably, the Link has achieved a commitment to service user involvement and an increasingly central involvement of the Ugandan diaspora working in mental health in the UK.
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Snider, Carolyn E., Depeng Jiang, Sarvesh Logsetty, Wanda Chernomas, Elaine Mordoch, Carla Cochrane, Jamil Mahmood, Heather Woodward et Terry P. Klassen. « Feasibility and efficacy of a hospital-based violence intervention program on reducing repeat violent injury in youth : a randomized control trial ». CJEM 22, no 3 (24 octobre 2019) : 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.406.
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ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine feasibility and efficacy of an Emergency Department Violence Intervention Program (EDVIP) to reduce violence related injuries in youth.MethodsOne hundred and thirty youth aged 14–24 presenting to an emergency with violence related injury were randomized in parallel to receive EDVIP for 1 year (n = 65) or a waitlist control (n = 65). The primary outcome was to determine feasibility. Secondary outcomes are incidence, number/severity of repeat violence related injury, justice and education systems interactions, substance misuse and mental health presentations, and ED length of stay (LOS).ResultsThis study established feasibility in recruitment, outcomes collection and safety. Fidelity and adherence measures required optimization during the study. Efficacy analysis of EDVIP vs. the control group demonstrates an absolute decrease of 10.4% in repeat violence related injury (13.7% vs. 24.1%) (p = 0.15), reduction in new interactions in the justice system (OR = 0.36 (0.07–1.77)), improved engagement in education (11.8% EDVIP vs. 7.6% control, p = 0.42) and no change in repeat visits for substance or mental health. LOS decreased by 59.5 min (p = 0.21).ConclusionsThis program is feasible for ED implementation and for completion of a future RCT to measure effectiveness.
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M. Emah, Ekere, et Felix Idongesit Oyosoro. « Interrogating the Role of Indigenous Interest Groups in Mitigating Electoral Violence in Nigeria ». AKSU Journal of Social Sciences 3, no 1 (15 avril 2023) : 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujoss.2023.004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the country's return to a democratic system in May 1999, Nigeria's history is rich with instances of election violence and conflicts. There is evidence in Akwa Ibom State that elections pose a threat to the state's stability and security due to the possibility of election violence. Studies have demonstrated that free and fair elections reduce conflict and produce trustworthy leadership. Using the Etim-Ekpo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State as a case study, this paper examines the influence of indigenous interest groups in the reduction of electoral violence in Nigeria. The research design for this study was a case study. Dialectical Materialism: The J-Curve Hypothesis of Unfulfilled Hopes, a radical political-economic framework, and pluralist theories were investigated for the study's background. Seventy (n = 70) purposefully selected participants, including members of youth or interest groups, community leaders, and security professionals, provided data. Eighty percent of the responders were male, while twenty percent were female. The ages of respondents ranged between 18 and 48 years, and thematic analyses provided answers to five research questions. Political party/candidate competitiveness, arms proliferation, and unemployed youths as political thugs caused electoral violence. Election violence included gunshots, kidnappings, and vote box theft. Finally, indigenous interest groups could reduce electoral violence by working with state actors on peace-building strategies, mobilizing, educating, and involving youth in the electoral process and election security, supporting efforts to change the "Electoral Act" to favor online voting and mail-in ballots, and collaborating on water education. All governments should support alternative voting procedures, weapons control, and amnesty programs to map and check small arms. Nigeria's national, state, and local governments could prevent election violence via peace-building.
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Moult, Kelley. « Ncedo Ntsasa Mngqibisa and Guy Lamb ». South African Crime Quarterly, no 64 (29 juin 2018) : 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2018/v0n64a5254.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As anyone with empirical fieldwork experience knows, even best laid data collection plans rarely go off without a hitch. There is often rich learning from these challenges, although we seldom reflect on them in the literature. This interview asks UCT’s Safety and Violence Initiative (SaVI) Director, Guy Lamb, and Study Coordinator Ncedo Ntsasa Mnquibisa about their experiences carrying out the Gugulethu component of a randomised household survey project that took place in Gugulethu and Manenberg in Cape Town in 2017. Young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years old, and one of their caregivers, were interviewed using a detailed (structured) questionnaire. This project was a partnership between SaVI, Amandla EduFootball and Dr Ian Edelstein (who was based at the Human Sciences Research Council), which focused on youth resilience, deviance and development. The project was funded by the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape Provincial Government.
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Moult, Kelley. « Ncedo Ntsasa Mngqibisa and Guy Lamb ». South African Crime Quarterly, no 64 (29 juin 2018) : 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2018/i64a5254.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As anyone with empirical fieldwork experience knows, even best laid data collection plans rarely go off without a hitch. There is often rich learning from these challenges, although we seldom reflect on them in the literature. This interview asks UCT’s Safety and Violence Initiative (SaVI) Director, Guy Lamb, and Study Coordinator Ncedo Ntsasa Mnquibisa about their experiences carrying out the Gugulethu component of a randomised household survey project that took place in Gugulethu and Manenberg in Cape Town in 2017. Young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years old, and one of their caregivers, were interviewed using a detailed (structured) questionnaire. This project was a partnership between SaVI, Amandla EduFootball and Dr Ian Edelstein (who was based at the Human Sciences Research Council), which focused on youth resilience, deviance and development. The project was funded by the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape Provincial Government.
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Flicker, Sarah, Ciann Wilson, Renée Monchalin, Vanessa Oliver, Tracey Prentice, Randy Jackson, June Larkin, Claudia Mitchell et Jean-Paul Restoule. « “Stay Strong, Stay Sexy, Stay Native” : Storying Indigenous youth HIV prevention activism ». Action Research 17, no 3 (16 août 2017) : 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750317721302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
BackgroundTaking Action II is a community-based participatory action research project that adopted a strengths-based approach to thinking about Indigenous youth HIV prevention activism. Eighteen diverse Indigenous youth leaders produced digital stories about Indigenizing HIV prevention during the summer of 2012 at a week-long retreat. Youth were interviewed twice: right after they created their stories and again after community screenings. In the summer of 2013, youth reunited to collaboratively analyze the themes and meanings of their stories. Seven overlapping themes emerged that demonstrated how youth see HIV in the context of their lives' and community. The stories make connections between HIV and structural violence, culture and relationships. In particular, in the context of HIV prevention, they focus on (1) the role of family and elders, (2) traditional sacred notions of sexuality, (3) the importance of education, (4) reclaiming history, (5) focusing on strength, (6) Indigenous cosmology and (7) overcoming addictions. In contrast to conventional public health messaging, youth produced stories rarely focused on individual harm reduction strategies. Instead, ideas of Indigeneity and decolonization were foregrounded as key strategies for health promotion work.
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Bishop, Asia S., Paula S. Nurius, Sarah C. Walker et Monica L. Oxford. « Sexual health variation among gang‐involved youth in Washington state : Social ecological implications for research and practice ». Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 56, no 1 (23 février 2024) : 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psrh.12251.
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AbstractIntroductionGang‐involved youth experience greater disparities in sexual health compared to non‐gang‐involved youth. Yet, little is known about how and why sexual behaviors vary within the youth gang population. Developing relevant and effective service approaches requires an understanding of this variation and the environmental factors that influence patterns of sexual health risk.Methodology and ResultsUsing latent class analysis, we identified four sexual behavior classes within a school‐based sample of gang‐involved youth in Washington State (N = 2060): Non‐Sexually Active (54%), Limited Partners with Condom Use (14%), Multiple Partner with Sexting (19%), and High Sexual Vulnerability (13%). These classes were distinguished by age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners, condom use, and sexting. Interpersonal and macrosocial factors differentiated the classes, including multiform violence exposures, limited social support, and socioeconomic instability. We also found differences according to sexual identity and substance use.DiscussionFindings highlight the need for service approaches that are responsive to both the individual needs of gang‐involved youth and the factors that shape their living environments. We discuss the implications for research and practice, including the potential utility of a harm reduction framework to promote sexual health and reduce disparities in the youth gang population.
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Livingood, William C., David Monticalvo, Jay M. Bernhardt, Kelli T. Wells, Todd Harris, Kadra Kee, Johnathan Hayes, Donald George et Lynn D. Woodhouse. « Engaging Adolescents Through Participatory and Qualitative Research Methods to Develop a Digital Communication Intervention to Reduce Adolescent Obesity ». Health Education & ; Behavior 44, no 4 (2 novembre 2016) : 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198116677216.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background. The complexity of the childhood obesity epidemic requires the application of community-based participatory research (CBPR) in a manner that can transcend multiple communities of stakeholders, including youth, the broader community, and the community of health care providers. Aim. To (a) describe participatory processes for engaging youth within context of CBPR and broader community, (b) share youth-engaged research findings related to the use of digital communication and implications for adolescent obesity intervention research, and (c) describe and discuss lessons learned from participatory approaches. Method. CBPR principles and qualitative methods were synergistically applied in a predominantly African American part of the city that experiences major obesity-related issues. A Youth Research Advisory Board was developed to deeply engage youth in research that was integrated with other community-based efforts, including an academic–community partnership, a city-wide obesity coalition, and a primary care practice research network. Volunteers from the youth board were trained to apply qualitative methods, including facilitating focus group interviews and analyzing and interpreting data with the goal of informing a primary care provider–based obesity reduction intervention. Results. The primary results of these efforts were the development of critical insights about adolescent use of digital communication and the potential importance of messaging, mobile and computer apps, gaming, wearable technology, and rapid changes in youth communication and use of digital technology in developing adolescent nutrition and physical activity health promotion. Conclusions. The youth led work helped identify key elements for a digital communication intervention that was sensitive and responsive to urban youth. Many valuable lessons were also learned from 3 years of partnerships and collaborations, providing important insights on applying CBPR with minority youth populations.
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Abrar, Khairunnisa Putri. « Expressive Arts Therapy's Impact on Trauma in Incarcerated Youth ». INSAN Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental 9, no 1 (28 juin 2024) : 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v9i12024.108-133.
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This study examines the effectiveness of expressive arts therapy in mitigating childhood trauma in incarcerated youth, with the aim of reducing the risk of mental disorders, violence, and recidivism by identifying and treating underlying trauma. The study involves 12 participants from the incarcerated youth population, 6 in each group; however, one participant in the control group dropped out of the study during the post-test due to non-attendance. The study used a quasi-experimental design. The experimental group received four sessions over a period of one week. The study found no significant reduction in PTSD symptoms using expressive arts therapy, analyzing for time measured (p=0.700), experimental group (p=0.037), and their interaction (p=0.568). This study found that expressive arts therapy did not significantly reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms in incarcerated youth, likely due to several factors. Future studies should address methodological limitations such as nonrandomization and explore alternative therapies.
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Pegram, Kashea, Rod K. Brunson et Anthony A. Braga. « The Doors of the Church are Now Open : Black Clergy, Collective Efficacy, and Neighborhood Violence ». City & ; Community 15, no 3 (septembre 2016) : 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12191.
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Prior research has documented the historical significance of the black church beyond serving parishioners’ religious and spiritual needs. Specifically, several black churches are involved in community organizing, social service activities, and political action. Scholars, however, have paid less attention to its role as a potent social institution in community crime control and prevention efforts. We conducted face–to–face interviews with 30 members of Boston's Ten Point Coalition of activist black clergy to document the motivations for and mechanisms through which ministers became involved in efforts to reduce street violence, the varied methods through which ministers develop strategic coalitions and manage violence reduction initiatives, and the ways ministers address the complex challenges involved in doing this work. Study findings suggest that black churches can serve as sources of collective efficacy that can help mobilize other churches, community organizations, police departments, and neighborhood residents in a coordinated effort to address urban youth violence.
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Andrew, Mandy, Tricia Imrie, Iain McFarlane et Alison McCurley. « The Big Scran : building community resilience through a volunteer movement in partnership with homelessness charity, Blue Triangle, and the Health and Social Care Partnership. ; ». International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28 décembre 2023) : 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23125.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ben View Community Resource Centre has been a leading community anchor organisation within the Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board Area for two decades, diligently uniting the community by co-designing and building volunteering movements to meet community needs in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
In partnership with homelessness charity, Blue Triangle, and the West Dunbartonshire Health and Social Care Partnership, a new volunteering movement, entitled ‘The Big Scran’, has been created to provide essential practical support, food, heat and social interaction. In tandem, the partnership has addressed wider needs, effecting generational change for individuals and families, such as maximising income or supporting delivery of health outcomes.
Ben View’s expertise in anticipating local needs and galvanising community resources positions them as expert. Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and complex public health challenges facing the community, such as gender-based violence, substance misuse, youth homelessness and other population health themes, the partnership, including Blue Triangle and West Dunbartonshire HSCP are a force for good. Their approach addresses immediate needs (hunger, heat and social interaction) and affects generational change, taking a person-centred and trauma informed approach, building individual relationships, leveraging the skills, talents and local knowledge of volunteers, supporting translation of needs assessment into meaningful interventions.
Against all the Social Determinants of Health, West Dunbartonshire fairs poorly internationally. The burden of depression, anxiety, mental illness, substance misuse, alcohol dependency, smoking and interpersonal violence are key drivers contributing to our burden of disease, more so in West Dunbartonshire. The impact of social isolation and loneliness on individual’s physical and mental wellbeing has been well documented. It increases the risk of stress, anxiety and depression and doubles the risk of dementia.
The Health and Social Care Partnership understands that the status quo is no longer an option and that building a resilient and compassionate community of people, is essential to tackle the complex social justice challenges facing the population. The thought leadership from this initiative builds the compassionate community by creating and co-producing a new volunteering movement, in partnership with service delivery organisations and the Health and Social Care Partnership, which carries the statutory duty for health and social care.
The relational approach to health improvement by creating a volunteering movement of local people, supported by known and respected local organisations, builds the community resilience required during the harsh global financial crisis. The success of this initiative has been such that other communities are now launching their own ‘Big Scran’.
‘The Big Scran’s’ processes and assets have been created to be transferable and scalable to all communities. Other communities across Scotland are using this model and their assets and to build similar partnerships and volunteer movements in their own areas. This fits with the policy landscape in Scotland and beyond and its desire to create and connect compassionate volunteering movements across Scotland and globe. The success and impact of the Big Scran movement is informed and sustained by people’s needs. All involved, recipients and volunteers positively gain from this replicable model.
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Gittings, Lesley, Kalonde Malama, Carmen Logie, Candice Lys, Shira B. Taylor, Clara McNamee, Kayley Inuksuk Mackay et Zerihun Admassu. « Peer and land-based approaches for fostering empowering and healthy relationships with Indigenous and northern young people in the Northwest Territories ». PLOS ONE 19, no 4 (5 avril 2024) : e0298166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298166.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Indigenous and Northern women in Canada experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), and this is particularly true in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Adolescents are also at increased risk of IPV, which has far-reaching, lifelong effects. Indigenous youth are particularly vulnerable to IPV due to ongoing effects of intergenerational trauma caused by colonialism, racism and residential school legacies. We explored attitudes towards IPV and the healthy relationship knowledge, skills, and experiences among participants of Fostering Open eXpression among Youth (FOXY) and Strength, Masculinities, and Sexual Health (SMASH) Peer Leader Retreats in the NWT. Multi-method approaches included quantitative surveys youth completed before and immediately following retreats. Quantitative analysis from retreats (2018–2021) included 240 participants aged 12–19 (mean age 14.5) who reported ever having an intimate partner. Most were from the FOXY program (64.2%), Indigenous (69.6%) and heterosexual (66.4%). Qualitative methods included Focus Group Discussions (FGD) (n = 69) conducted with peer leaders and apprentices (n = 311) and youth and adult staff (n = 14 FGDs, n = 165 participants). We thematically analysed FGDs to explore healthy relationship knowledge and skills, alongside paired t-tests to examine pre/post retreat changes in attitudes towards IPV. Qualitative findings suggest that leadership and embodied learning were effective in equipping youth with violence prevention and healthy relationship skills. While young women were committed to sharing knowledge and skills about healthy relationships in their communities, young men resonated with values of respect and appreciated support to identify and express emotions. Participants across programmes demonstrated their belief that healthy intimate relationships have communal, relational and intergenerational benefits. Quantitatively, we found a statistically significant reduction in attitudes accepting of IPV among young women, but no changes were noted among young men. Findings contribute to emergent evidence on strengths-based, culturally-responsive IPV prevention programming. Components of effective IPV prevention programming with young men merit further exploration.
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Gafar, Abdul, et Syahrum Syahrum. « Peran Ninik Mamak Dalam Pencegahan dan Pengurangan Resiko Penyakit HIV/AIDS pada Remaja di Kota Solok 2019 ». Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 16, no 2 (30 décembre 2021) : 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v16i2.391.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To inhibit the increase and spread of HIV-AIDS, it is necessary to partnership between civil society, people with HIV-AIDS, government and the role of community leaders. In Minangkabau Ninik Mamak is obliged to educate nephews in the field of religion, customary values, culture in community life to be able to live harmoniously. Data from the Solok City Health Office with HIV-AIDS in 2019 amounted to 54 cases and 30 of them died. The purpose of this study is to find out how Ninik Mamak's role in the application of indigenous and cultural values to the prevention and reduction of the risk of HIV-AIDS disease in adolescents in solok city. This research uses qualitative methodology with a case study approach, data collected through in-depth interviews. The results of the study of most ninik mamak have not played a role in maximally applying and instilling the values of Indigenous and Cultural Minangkabau to the youth nephew about the prevention and reduction of the risk of HIV-AIDS disease. Ninik Mamak as an informal leader who has a close relationship with the nephew must provide motivation, direction, guidance, and teaching wisely and wisely to the nephew to do it in everyday life. Suggestions that Ninik Mamak increase its role and function to instill indigenous values and Minangkabau culture in the daily life of youth nephews as an awareness effort in the prevention and reduction of the risk of HIV-AIDS disease.
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Brewster, Ryan, Wenya Linda Bi, Timothy R. Smith, William B. Gormley, Ian F. Dunn et Edward R. Laws. « The neurosurgeon as baseball fan and inventor : Walter Dandy and the batter’s helmet ». Neurosurgical Focus 39, no 1 (juillet 2015) : E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.3.focus1552.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Baseball maintains one of the highest impact injury rates in all athletics. A principal causative factor is the “beanball,” referring to a pitch thrown directly at a batter’s head. Frequent morbidities elicited demand for the development of protective gear development in the 20th century. In this setting, Dr. Walter Dandy was commissioned to design a “protective cap” in 1941. His invention became widely adopted by professional baseball and inspired subsequent generations of batting helmets. As a baseball aficionado since his youth, Walter Dandy identified a natural partnership between baseball and medical practice for the reduction of beaning-related brain injuries. This history further supports the unique position of neurosurgeons to leverage clinical insights, inform innovation, and expand service to society.
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Herrman, H. « Why mental health in young women is more at risk in the 21st century ». European Psychiatry 33, S1 (mars 2016) : S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.788.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The mental health of women and girls is endangered when they experience violence and gender-based discrimination, including poor access to education and lack of autonomy in the family and broader community. The conditions of conflict and poverty that foster violence against women, including systematic sexual violence, are growing across some world regions including parts of Africa and Asia, even while women are becoming more empowered in others. The prevalence of abuse of women at home appears to be high across the regions, and the widespread nature of other forms of violence such as genital mutilation and trafficking is increasingly recognised.The psychological consequences of violence increase the risk of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety, including the risk of these conditions in the perinatal period. The services provided for women with mental ill health in primary health care, maternal and child health services, community mental health services or hospital settings do not in many places respond adequately to their needs. The inadequacies in response can reproduce or amplify the difficulties and injustices that women face in their lives, especially maltreatment as girls and intimate partner violence as adults.The World Psychiatric Association aims to increase awareness of the need for improved mental health of women and girls worldwide, especially in settings of disadvantage, conflict and adversity. It is also aiming to work in partnership with other health and non-health organisations to develop a platform for action to respond to the need – for health promotion, risk reduction and access to prevention and treatment services.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Malik, Faisal S., Joyce P. Yi-Frazier, Craig E. Taplin, Christian L. Roth, Kathryn B. Whitlock, Waylon Howard et Catherine Pihoker. « Improving the Care of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes With a Novel Medical-Legal Community Intervention : The Diabetes Community Care Ambassador Program ». Diabetes Educator 44, no 2 (11 janvier 2018) : 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721717750346.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of the Diabetes Community Care Ambassador (DCCA) Program, a novel medical-legal community intervention designed to support high-risk youth with type 1 diabetes. Methods Study eligibility criteria: ages 3-19 years, A1C ≥8.5% (≥69 mmol/mol) and/or recent diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization, type 1 diabetes duration ≥1 year, and English- or Spanish-speaking. Eighty-nine youth and their caregivers participated in the 9- to 12-month intervention, which included diabetes education and support through 3 home visits, 1 to 2 school visits, and phone support from a lay health worker, as well as legal support from a medical-legal partnership attorney. Feasibility was assessed; change in A1C was compared in a linear mixed model. Results Of the 89 DCCA Program participants, 80% completed the program, with the majority of participants rating their DCCA favorably. Sixty-two percent reported ≥1 unmet legal need, of whom 29% accepted legal counsel. Youth enrolled in the DCCA Program demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control as their mean A1C decreased from 9.71% (83 mmol/mol) at the start of the program to 9.40% (79 mmol/mol) at the end of the intervention period ( P = .03). Participants with public health insurance experienced the greatest differential A1C reduction (9.79% to 9.11%, 83 mmol/mol to 76 mmol/mol). Conclusions The DCCA Program represents a promising intervention for improving care of high-risk youth with type 1 diabetes. A significant proportion of caregivers of youth reported having an unmet legal need. Participants remained highly engaged and demonstrated improved glycemic control, particularly youth with public health insurance.
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Govindaraja Setty A.G., Pailoor Subramanya et B. Mahadevan. « Effect of Yoga on Adolescents’ Attitude towards Violence ». Journal of Human Values 23, no 2 (11 avril 2017) : 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685816689734.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As society progresses with newer technology choices and greater materialistic welfare, we also witness more incidences of aggression and violence among the youth and adolescents. This is partly due to the mental stress that they undergo. There has been a renewed interest to understand the causes of aggression and violence. More importantly, there is an interest to identify methods to manage these. This article is an attempt to showcase the usefulness of yoga in addressing this aspect. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of 4 weeks’ yoga practice on 158 (76 girls and 82 boys) normal healthy adolescents’ attitude towards violence (ATV) in comparison to practice of physical exercises (PE). The study showed that both yoga and PE groups demonstrated significant reduction in their positive ATV strategies and increased positive use of non-violent strategies. Boys in the yoga group showed significant improvement, whereas the control group showed non-significant improvement. Girls in the yoga also displayed significant progress over the control group. Thus, the study points to the usefulness of introducing yoga to the adolescents in their formative years through a structured curriculum. This is likely to provide numerous benefits both for the individual and the society at large.
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Fitzgerald, Megan, Annette Miles et Sislena Ledbetter. « Experiences and Strategies of Young, Low-Income, African-American Men and Families Who Navigate Violent Neighborhoods and Low-Performing Schools ». Societies 9, no 1 (11 janvier 2019) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9010003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Violent neighborhoods and low-performing schools continue to devastate young, low-income, African-American men and their families, despite individual and family use of kin and peer network navigation strategies. To learn more, interviews were conducted with 40 young African-American men, ages 18 to 22, from Baltimore City enrolled in a general equivalency diploma (GED) and job training program, and analyzed with modified grounded theory. Young men identified unsafe neighborhoods, chaotic schools, and disengaged teaching. Young men used safety and success strategies such as avoiding trouble and selecting positive peers to navigate unsafe environments. African-American families utilized kin network strategies such as messaging and modeling success, and mobilization for safety. Limits of unrecognized and unsupported strategies were related to: mobilization, limited educational partnership, and disproportionate family loss. Results indicate the continued urgent need for: (1) targeted violence reduction in high-violence neighborhoods, (2) calm and effective learning environments, (3) higher ratios of teachers to students to reduce chaos and improve learning, and (4) genuine teacher partnerships with families to improve access to positive role models, academic supports, and positive peer network development.
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Murphy, Nabreesa, Tamani Rarama, Alanieta Atama, Ilaisa Kauyaca, Kelera Batibasaga, Peter Azzopardi, Kathryn J. Bowen et Meghan A. Bohren. « Changing climates, compounding challenges : a participatory study on how disasters affect the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people in Fiji ». BMJ Global Health 8, Suppl 3 (décembre 2023) : e013299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013299.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pacific youth are at the forefront of the climate crisis, which has important implications for their health and rights. Youth in Fiji currently bear a disproportionate burden of poor experiences and outcomes related to their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). There is limited information about how the increasing climate impacts may affect their SRHR, and what the implications may be for climate action and disaster risk reduction. We aimed to explore the experiences of 21 Fijian youth in fulfilling their SRHR when living through multiple natural hazards. We conducted 2 workshops and 18 individual semistructured interviews using visual and storytelling methods. Irrespective of the type of hazard or context of disasters, participants identified limited agency as the main challenge that increased SRHR risks. Through reflexive thematic analysis, we identified four themes centred around ‘youth SRHR agency’; (1) information and knowledge, (2) community and belonging, (3) needs and resources, and (4) collective risks. These themes encompassed multiple factors that limited youth agency and increased their SRHR risks. Participants highlighted how existing challenges to their SRHR, such as access to SRHR information being controlled by community gatekeepers, and discrimination of sexual and gender diverse youth, were exacerbated in disasters. In disaster contexts, immediate priorities such as water, food and financial insecurity increased risks of transactional early marriage and transactional sex to access these resources. Daily SRHR risks related to normalisation of sexual and gender-based violence and taboos limited youth agency and influenced their perceptions of disasters and SRHR risks. Findings offer important insights into factors that limited youth SRHR agency before, during and after disasters. We underscore the urgency for addressing existing social and health inequities in climate and disaster governance. We highlight four key implications for reducing youth SRHR risks through whole-of-society approaches at multiple (sociocultural, institutional, governance) levels.
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Ayodele, Johnson. « Crime reporting practices among traders at Alaba International Market, Lagos ». Temida 21, no 1 (2018) : 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1801131a.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the field of contemporary study of victims in most developing countries worldwide, the reporting of personal victimization has received more attention by scholars than business victimization. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the influence of business crimes reporting practices among traders on the development of the Alaba International Market, the traders and national economy. The study was conducted between October 3 and 8, 2015, in Lagos, Nigeria. It collected quantitative data from 245 respondents that were randomly selected from traders at the market. These were complemented by qualitative data collected through In-depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions with purposively selected participants. The data were analyzed. The quantitative data found that 82.1% of the respondents attributed the victimization of small businesses to organized crimes by youth. The qualitative data indicated that the Alaba Market investors will reduce the unemployment rate in Lagos if the government stop frustrating the traders with the tax burden. The study concluded that business crimes prevent economic development. It suggests partnership among stakeholders for the provision of closed-circuit television cameras to prevent business violence and induce economic development at Alaba International Market.
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Melnyk, Mariana I., et Iryna V. Leshchukh. « Priorities and Instruments of Youth Policy in the Context of Social Protection, Youth Development and Preservation of Human Potential : Experience of Western European Countries ». PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 1, no 59 (2024) : 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2024-1-4-13.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article examines the priorities and instruments of youth policy in the countries of Western Europe (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland) in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential. In particular, the main characteristic features of the youth policy of Germany (as one of the most progressive and effective not only among Western European countries, but also in the world) are identified: moderate intervention in the life of young people on the side of the State, social partnership between the State and society on the principles of subsidiarity; a combination of social democratic and liberal orientations; high level of democracy; clear structuring by levels: federal, federal state, and local; availability of a strong legislative framework related to the regulation of various issues of young people’s lives. Taking into account the experience of Germany in the distribution of budget financing of youth policy (in particular, its targeting, taking into account local and regional socioeconomic realities and needs), attention is focused on the expediency of applying in Ukraine such an approach to the implementation of the State-based youth policy, taking into account the different conditions and quality of life of domestic youth in different regions of the country (first of all, depending on the distance from the frontline of the war). The priorities and instruments of social protection of youth in Austria are studied (support for the rights of young people to personal development, ensuring the participation of young people in the educational process; providing material and non-material assistance to the unemployed; social support for children under care outside the family; protection of young people from all forms of violence and discrimination; reimbursement of expenses for outpatient and/or inpatient treatment; financing of expenses related to the implementation of residential care for children by foster parents or social pedagogues, etc.). Taking into account the aggravation of the problem of unemployment of the young population in France, the priorities and instruments of the policy of promoting the integration of young people of this country in the labor market, the development of communication skills, etc., are analyzed. The features of the State policy of promoting the development of a culture of youth entrepreneurship, innovation activity, etc., in the countries of Western Europe (in particular, in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands) are studied. The results of the study of the priorities and instruments of youth policy of Western European countries in the context of social protection, youth development and preservation of human potential made it possible to trace the gradual transition from the provision of the State aid to some of the most vulnerable groups of the young population to the financing of social programs that promote youth cohesion, development and preservation of human potential. Taking into account the best experience in the formation and implementation of youth policy in Western European countries, the priority directions for improving youth policy in Ukraine are named.
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Noble, Greg, et Scott Poynting. « Acts of War : Military Metaphors in Representations of Lebanese Youth Gangs ». Media International Australia 106, no 1 (février 2003) : 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310600112.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The media representations of the terrorist attacks of September 11 in the United States and their aftermath bear strong similarities to the media coverage of ‘Lebanese youth gangs' over the last few years — both rely significantly on the metaphor of war. This paper explores two media narratives about Lebanese youth gangs which draw on this metaphor — the first deploys a simple us/them structure which, like the dominant Western reportage of the terrorist crisis, turns on a form of moral reduction in which the forces of good and evil are relatively clear. The accumulated imagery of Lebanese gangs, drugs, crime, violence and ‘ethnic gang rape’ articulates a dangerous otherness of those of Arabic-speaking background — echoed in the coverage of the terrorist ‘attack on America'. This simple narrative, however, gives way to a second, emerging narrative about Lebanese youth gangs which also relies on the metaphor of war but acknowledges the moral duplicity of both ‘combatants' — registering the culpability of the state and its police service but distancing ‘the ordinary Australian ‘from this culpability. The second narrative, like the first, tries to recuperate a moral innocence for the ‘ordinary Australian’, but in doing so underlines a crisis in Australian multiculturalism.
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Eker, Y., et M. Yılmabaşar. « “DISASTER RESILIENT SOCIETY WITH YOUTH” PROJECT OF THE CIVIL DEFENCE ORGANIZATION AIMING DISASTER RISKS REDUCTION ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (6 mars 2018) : 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-205-2018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The loss of lives, injuries and the damage on economies that occur as a result of disasters is increasing due to the changing nature. People need to adopt themselves to be able to resist against disasters. Nevertheless, minimizing the costs of disasters can achieved not individually but rather by a well-organized social system. This requires a decentralized disaster management system that would allow participation of not only central authorities but also widespread volunteers. Also, pre-emptive cautions to raise public awareness and capabilities about how to struggle against disasters are very important component of being well organized. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) Civil Defence Organization has constituted the “Disaster Resilient Society with Youth Project” to reduce number of loss of life, injuries and economic loss as global targets envisaged in Sendai Framework for Action. This project is being implemented in line with the objects of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction which is inspired from the principle of “Disaster risk reduction requires an all-of-society engagement and partnership. While the project is managed by Civil Defence Organization, it is implemented by the participation of volunteers. The project is the last phase of a series of projects which have been realized for 35 years in line with the same goal of reducing loss of lives, injuries and economic loss while various concepts targeted to address different levels of the society. The objective of the Project is to firstly choose some individuals and then train them to have disaster consciousness and awareness about disaster management cycle in society. These people would potentially provide support to responding official teams in case of an unexpected disaster. For this reason, the project also involves practical training and practices as complementary to the theoretical education phase. In the first place, a four year road map is determined to improve the project by identifying disruptions and weaknesses compared to similar projects around the world. The establishment of target groups of the Project within youth is important not only to improve the effectiveness of responding phase, but also to maintain a sustainable system for the progression of the Project. In order to encourage and increase the participation of volunteers to the Project, it is planned to issue certificates, badges and prize for those who would be successful during the training phase. In order to achieve the goals of the Project, the project managers seek collaboration of universities, local authorities, central authorities and nongovernmental organizations which are seen as stakeholders.</p>