Bibliographies thématiques / World War, 1939-1945 – Concentration camps – Europe

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « World War, 1939-1945 – Concentration camps – Europe »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 26 juillet 2024

Mis à jour le 26 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "World War, 1939-1945 – Concentration camps – Europe"

Farré, Sébastien. « The ICRC and the detainees in Nazi concentration camps (1942–1945) ». International Review of the Red Cross 94, n^o 888 (décembre 2012) : 1381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383113000489.

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AbstractA sharp debate has emerged about the importance of humanitarian organisations speaking out against misdeeds and, more generally, on the ethical and moral aspects of doing humanitarian work in the face of mass violence. That debate has pushed out of the spotlight a number of essential questions regarding the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Second World War. The aim of this text is to scrutinize the ICRC's humanitarian operations for detainees of Nazi concentration camps during the final phase of the war in Europe. We look beyond the risks faced by ICRC delegates working in Germany to show how difficult the organisation found it to carry out a humanitarian operation for concentration-camp detainees in the very particular circumstances that prevailed in Europe at that time. The ICRC was an organisation designed to collect information on and to protect and assist prisoners of war, and its hastily mounted response is indicative of the strenuous task it faced in re-inventing itself during the final stages of the war and the minor role it was assigned in the occupation programmes imposed by the Allied forces.

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Володимир Васильович Очеретяний et Інна Іванівна Ніколіна. « THE PROCESS OF CREATING THE NAZI CAMP SYSTEM IN POLAND DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR ». Intermarum history policy culture, n^o 5 (1 janvier 2018) : 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111817.

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This article analyzes the process of creating the German camp system in Poland. The Nazi racial politics towards the Jews promoted their isolation from the so-called "full part of society". For this purpose, two main mechanisms for their separation were created: concentration camps, some of which were transformed into "factories of death", and Jewish ghettos. The establishment of concentration camps in Poland was preceded by a long process of organizational and legal registration first in Germany itself, and later on the territories occupied by it. This process was accompanied by numerous Jewish pogroms and arrests, which was an integral part of the Nazi anti-Semitic policy. Concentration camps were carefully thought out and well-organized institutions with a refined mechanism of prisoners’ maintenance, coercion and punishment. Different by their intended purpose were "death camps" that were not intended to hold prisoners, but to destroy them quickly and in large scale. Most of them were located on the territory of Poland, where the Jews from all over Europe were brought. These included Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Maydanek. It was observed in the article that German concentration camps were created to isolate, repress and destroy the undesirable elements of the regime. Despite the early formation of this system, its dissemination in the territories occupied by the Nazis, particularly in Poland, took place in 1938-1939s. At that time the German concentration camps turned into an instrument of ruthless anti-Semitic policy that became a classic genocide. Due to the fact that the concentration camps capacities did not allow to sufficiently fulfill their tasks, during 1939-1945s in Poland, new, so-called "death camps" were established. They were equipped with gas chambers and crematorium that carried out large-scale destruction of the Jews.

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Cohen, G. Daniel. « Ruth Gay. Safe Among The Germans : Liberated Jews After World War Two. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2002. 330 pp. ; Zeev Mankowitz. Life Between Memory and Hope : The Survivors of the Holocaust in Occupied Germany. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002. 348 pp. » AJS Review 28, n^o 2 (novembre 2004) : 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009404320210.

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In the last decade or so, new research on Jewish displaced persons in occupied Germany has pushed the traditional boundaries of “Holocaust studies” (1933–1945) toward the postwar period. Indeed, the displaced persons or “DP” experience—the temporary settlement in Germany of the Sheءerith Hapleitah (“Surviving Remnant”) from the liberation of concentration camps in the spring of 1945 to the late 1940s—provides important insights into post-Holocaust Jewish life. The impact of trauma and loss, the final divorce between Jews and East-Central Europe through migration to Israel and the New World, the rise of Zionist consciousness, the shaping of a Jewish national collective in transit, the regeneration of Jewish demography and culture in the DP camps, and the relationships between Jews and Germans in occupied Germany are some of the many themes explored by recent DP historiography—by now a subfield of postwar Jewish history.

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Haseljić, Meldijana Arnaut. « Genocid(i) u Drugom svjetskom ratu – Ka konvenciji o genocidu (ishodišta, definiranje, procesuiranja) ». Historijski pogledi 5, n^o 8 (15 novembre 2022) : 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.239.

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The twentieth century began and ended with the execution of genocide. At the same time, it is the century in which large-scale armed conflicts were fought, including the First and Second World Wars. The Second World War was marked, among other things, by genocides committed against peoples that were planned for extermination by Nazi projects. In the first place, it is inevitable to mention the genocide (Holocaust) against the most numerous victims - the Jews. The Holocaust resulted in millions of victims. Mass murders of Jews were carried out, but in the Second World War, about a million people who were members of other nations were also killed. The Nazis carried out the systematic extermination of Jews and other target groups in concentration camps established in Germany, but also in occupied countries. Hundreds of camps were opened throughout the occupied territories of Europe. The target groups scheduled for extermination were collected and transported by trains, most often in transport and livestock wagons, and taken to camps where a certain number were immediately killed, while another number were temporarily left for forced labor. People who were used for forced labor often died of exhaustion, and those who managed to survive the torture were eventually killed. In addition to the closure and liquidation in the camps, individual and mass executions were also carried out in other places. The large number of those killed indicated the need for quick rehabilitation, which resulted in burning the bodies on pyres or burying them in mass graves. The committed genocides encouraged the formation of the United Nations, but also resulted in the adoption of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, or for short - the Genocide Convention, which was supposed to be a guarantee for „never again“. Sanctions issued in the form of death sentences to the most notorious war criminals for the terrible crimes for which they were found responsible should have been another obstacle to „never again“. However, the participants of our time testify that it was not so. Genocidal projects have revived and genocides have been realized, as is the case with the genocide committed in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the end of the 20th century. In the trial of the most notorious Nazis, known as the Nuremberg Trials, the harshest death sentences were handed down, as well as life and long-term imprisonment. The specificity of the Nuremberg process is that, in addition to proclaiming the principle of personal responsibility, it also represents a condemnation of the committed aggression, but also a political project as manifested by the condemnation of various organizations that were declared responsible for the crimes committed. At the main international military trial that began on October 18, 1945, 24 defendants were prosecuted for individual responsibility, but six criminal war organizations were also prosecuted - the leadership of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party - NSDAP (National Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei) headed by was Adolf Hitler - the most responsible criminal for World War II and the execution of the Holocaust), SS (Schutzstaffel - military branch of the NSDAP), SA (Sturmabteilung - Assault Squad of the NSDAP), SD (Sicherheitsdienst - Intelligence Service of the NSDAP), Gestapo (Geheime Staats Polizei - secret state police) and OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht - Supreme Command of the German Army). Certain prosecutions were also carried out in the national courts of the countries that emerged victorious in the Second World War.

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Radchenko, Iryna Gennadiivna. « The Philanthropic Organizations' Assistance to Jews of Romania and "Transnistria" during the World War II ». Dnipropetrovsk University Bulletin. History & ; Archaeology series 25, n^o 1 (7 mars 2017) : 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/261714.

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The article is devoted to assistance, rescue to the Jewish people in Romanian territory, including "Transnistria" in 1939–1945. Using the archival document from different institutions (USHMM, Franklyn D. Roosevelt Library) and newest literature, the author shows the scale of the assistance, its mechanism and kinds. It was determined some of existed charitable organizations and analyzed its mechanism of cooperation between each other. Before the war, the Romanian Jewish Community was the one of largest in Europe (after USSR and Poland) and felt all tragedy of Holocaust. Romania was the one of the Axis states; the anti-Semitic policy has become a feature of Marshal Antonescu policy. It consisted of deportations from some regions of Romania to newly-created region "Transnistria", mass exterminations, death due to some infectious disease, hunger, etc. At the same moment, Romania became an example of cooperation of the international organizations, foreign governments on providing aid. The scale of this assistance was significant: thanks to it, many of Romanian Jews (primarily, children) could survive the Holocaust: some of them were come back to Romanian regions, others decide to emigrate to Palestine. The emphasis is placed on the personalities, who played important (if not decisive) role: W. Filderman, S. Mayer, Ch. Colb, J. Schwarzenberg, R. Mac Clelland and many others. It was found that the main part of assistance to Romanian Jews was began to give from the end of 1943, when the West States, World Jewish community obtained numerous proofs of Nazi crimes against the Jews (and, particularly, Romanian Jews). It is worth noting that the assistance was provided, mostly, for Romanian Jews, deported from Regat; some local (Ukrainian) Jews also had the possibility to receive a lot of needful things. But before the winter 1942, most of Ukrainian Jews was exterminated in ghettos and concentration camps. The main kinds of the assistance were financial (donations, which was given by JDC through the ICRC and Romanian Jewish Community), food parcels, clothes, medicaments, and emigrations from "Transnistria" to Romania, Palestine (after 1943). Considering the status of Romania (as Nazi Germany's ally in World War II), the international financial transactions dealt with some difficulties, which delayed the relief, but it was changed after the Romania's joining to Allies. The further research on the topic raises new problem for scholars. Particularly, it deals with using of memoirs. There is one other important point is inclusion of national (Ukrainian) historiography on the topic, concerning the rescue of Romanian Jews, to European and world history context.

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Sinani, Arsim, et Veli KRYEZIU. « Yugoslav Totalitarian Society, Discrimination Against Albanian and Bulgarian Minorities in Macedonia ». Balkanistic Forum 32, n^o 3 (15 septembre 2023) : 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.9.

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The Balkans as a region of Southeast Europe is one of the most sensitive regions of Europe; this is where the sparks of war arose from the time of the Ottoman Empire until 2001 when a political solution was finally given to each problem of nationalities and inequalities in this region. The former Yugoslavia as an artificial creation of a state, lacking nationality, is one of the sources of conflicts which erupted with bloody wars caused by Serbia. The Yugoslav federation which gained political power after World War II consisted of 6 republics and 2 provinces. According to the Federal Constitution of Yugoslavia, all peoples must be integrated into Yugoslavia. Unfortunately within Yugoslavia there were privileged peoples, and others who were treated as secondary-class people. Albanians in Yugoslavia, most of whom belonged to the Autonomous Province of Kosovo, did not experience the status of equal population in Yugoslavia; Bulgarians were treated the same, most of whom lived in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. The Republican government in Macedonia influenced by the Federal one has directly influenced Macedonia in the manner of discrimination against national minorities such as Albanians, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Roma, Ashkali, Turks, etc., while the: Serbian, Montenegrin, Macedonian people have been the most privileged ones within the Republic, as well as in the Yugoslav Federation.The communist regime in Yugoslavia denied any minority efforts for equality and prosperity. The most vocal in the quest for rights were Albanians and Bulgarians, who faced torture, draconian punishments, internment, and even murder in Yugoslav concentration camps. Yugoslavia, namely the Socialist Republic of Macedonia from 1945 until 2001, was the most dictatorial regime in the history of Southeast Europe for Albanians and Bulgarians; unfortunately the Bulgarian community in Macedonia, even with the new constitution, has not resolved its political, cultural, educational status etc…

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Dobanovacki, Dusanka, Milan Breberina, Bozica Vujosevic, Marija Pecanac, Nenad Zakula et Velimir Trajkovic. « Sanatoria in the first half of the XX century in the province of Vojvodina ». Archive of Oncology 21, n^o 1 (2013) : 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo1301034d.

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Following the shift in therapy of tuberculosis in the mid-19th century, by the beginning of the 20th century numerous tuberculosis sanatoria were established in Western Europe. Being an institutional novelty in the medical practice, sanatoria spread within the first 20 years of the 20th century to Central and Eastern Europe, including the southern region of the Panonian plain, the present-day Province of Vojvodina in Serbia north of the rivers Sava and Danube. The health policy and regulations of the newly built state - the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians/Yugoslavia, provided a rather liberal framework for introducing the concept of sanatorium. Soon after the World War I there were 14 sanatoria in this region, and the period of their expansion was between 1920 and 1939 when at least 27 sanatoria were founded, more than half of the total number of 46 sanatoria in the whole state in that period. However, only two of these were for pulmonary diseases. One of them was privately owned the open public sanatorium the English-Yugoslav Hospital for Paediatric Osteo-Articular Tuberculosis in Sremska Kamenica, and the other was state-run (at Iriski venac, on the Fruska Gora mountain, as a unit of the Department for Lung Disease of the Main Regional Hospital). All the others were actually small private specialized hospitals in 6 towns (Novi Sad, Subotica, Sombor, Vrbas, Vrsac, Pancevo,) providing medical treatment of well-off, mostly gynaecological and surgical patients. The majority of sanatoria founded in the period 1920-1939 were in or close to the city of Novi Sad, the administrative headquarters of the province (the Danube Banovina at that time) with a growing population. A total of 10 sanatoria were open in the city of Novi Sad, with cumulative bed capacity varying from 60 to 130. None of these worked in newly built buildings, but in private houses adapted for medical purpose in accordance with legal requirements. The decline of sanatoria in Vojvodina began with the very outbreak of the World War II and they never regained their social role. Soon after the Hungarian fascist occupation the majority of owners/ founders were terrorized and forced to close their sanatoria, some of them to leave country and some were even killed or deported to concentration camps.

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Atlagić, Marko. « Croatian scientists and politicians falsifying the number of victims in the Jasenovac concentration camp in the ISC from 1941 to 1945 ». Napredak 1, n^o 2 (2020) : 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2002079a.

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The Jasenovac Concentration Camp, run by the Ustashas in the ISC from 1941 to 1945, was the largest human slaughterhouse in the Balkans and one of the biggest concentration camps in Europe in the Second World War. In was where the crime of genocide was committed in the most cruel fashion against 800 000 Serbs, 40 000 Jews and 60 000 Roma, as well as the murder of around 4000 Croat, 2000 Slovene and 1800 Muslim antifascists. The terrible crimes of genocide were documented by local as well as foreign historical sources and even the very participants in the events. Recently, we have been witnesses to the daily falsifying of not only the number of Jasenovac victims but also the character of the camp itself by Croatian historians and statesmen. Their aim is to redefine the fascist past of Croatia in order to avoid having to face the crime of genocide committed against Serbs not only in the so-called Independent State of Croatia [ISC] (1941-1945) but also during the so-called Homeland War (1991-1995). This presents a very clear danger for the future of so-called Independent State of Croatia (ISC). Also misrepresented is the nature of the camp itself, which is falsely defined as a labor camp or even holiday camp. Amongst others, the persons involved in this altering of facts are: Ivan Supek, Academy member, Josip Pečarić, Academy member, Prof. Stjepan Razum, Igor Vukić, Mladen Ivezić, Franjo Kuharić, the Society for the Study of the Jasenovac Triple Camp [Društvo za istraživanje trostrukog logora Jasenovac], Dr Franjo Tuđman and Stjepan Mesić. The first and greatest distortion of the number of victims and the character of the camp was performed by Dr Franjo Tuđman, who established the foundations for this in his works, and in particular in his book Wastelands of Historical reality. The aim of these falsifications is a redefining of the fascist past of the country, the misrepresentation of fascists as antifascists and antifascists as fascists. All of this represents a serious danger for the future of Croatia, which is failing to come to terms with the past and refusing to condemn the all of the crimes committed, including genocide. Croatia today, an independent and democratic country, is showing signs of Ustasha tendencies, much like those seen in Pavelić's ISC. It is necessary to face this fact and the sooner it is done, the better it will be for the people of the Republic of Croatia.

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Zawistowska, Monika. « Teatr czasu wojny 1939–1945 w świetle zadań i wartości ». Dydaktyka Polonistyczna 15, n^o 6 (2020) : 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/dyd.pol.15.2020.14.

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The publication describes the activity of Polish theater during the Second World War. It is an attempt to look at theater from the perspective of the tasks and values it presented in this particularly difficult period. The article describes the functioning of open and underground theaters and theaters operating in concentration camps. The above-mentioned activities cannot be reduced to one formula or a specific species. In these conditions, the artistic level and innovation of many performances amaze. Paradoxically, this most dramatic theater achieved its greatest autonomy during the occupation. It has become a useful tool for restoring human dignity and art.

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Lônčíková, Michala. « The end of War, the end of persecution ? Post-World War II collective anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia ». History in flux 1, n^o 1 (21 décembre 2019) : 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2019.1.8.

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Contrary to the previous political regime of the Slovak state (1939–1945), official policy had significantly changed in the renewed Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II, but anti-Jewish sentiments and even their brachial demonstrations somewhat framed the everyday reality of Jewish survivors who were returning to their homes from liberated concentration camps or hiding places. Their attempts to reintegrate into the society where they had used to live regularly came across intolerance, hatred and social exclusion, further strengthened by classical anti-Semitic stereotypes and prejudices. Desired capitulation of Nazi Germany and its satellites resulted also in the end of systematic Jewish extermination, but it did not automatically lead to a peaceful everyday life. This paper focuses on the social dynamics between Slovak majority society and the decimated Jewish minority in the first post-World War II years and analyses some crucial factors, particular motivations and circumstances of the selected acts of collective anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia. Moreover, the typological diversity of the specific collective atrocities will be discussed.

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Thèses sur le sujet "World War, 1939-1945 – Concentration camps – Europe"

Motl, Kevin C. « Victims of Hope : Explaining Jewish Behavior in the Treblinka, Sobibór and Birkenau Extermination Camps ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2558/.

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I analyze the behavior of Jews imprisoned in the Treblinka, Sobibór, and Birkenau extermination camps in order to illustrate a systematic process of deception and psychological conditioning, which the Nazis employed during World War II to preclude Jewish resistance to the Final Solution. In Chapter I, I present resistance historiography as it has developed since the end of the war. In Chapter II, I delineate my own argument on Jewish behavior during the Final Solution, limiting my definition of resistance and the applicability of my thesis to behavior in the extermination camp, or closed, environment. In Chapters III, IV, and V, I present a detailed narrative of the Treblinka, Sobibór, and Birkenau revolts using secondary sources and selected survivor testimony. Finally, in Chapter VI, I isolate select parts of the previous narratives and apply my argument to demonstrate its validity as an explanation for Jewish behavior.

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Nagata, Yuriko. « Japanese internment in Australia during World War II / ». Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn147.pdf.

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Auger, Martin F. « Prisoners of the home front a social study of the German internment camps of southern Quebec, 1940-1946 / ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48127.pdf.

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Jevtic, Elizabeta. « Blank Pages of the Holocaust : Gypsies in Yugoslavia During World War II ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd463.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of German and Slavic Languages, 2004.
"August 2004." Title taken from PDF title screen (viewed September 11, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-163).

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Santos, Bevin A. « A Narrative Analysis of Korematsu v. United States ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2238/.

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This thesis studies the Supreme Court decision, Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944) and its historical context, using a narrative perspective and reviewing aspects of narrative viewpoints with reference to legal studies in order to introduce the present study as a method of assessing narratives in legal settings. The study reviews the Supreme Court decision to reveal its arguments and focuses on the context of the case through the presentation of the public story, the institutional story, and the ethnic Japanese story, which are analyzed using Walter Fisher's narrative perspective. The study concludes that the narrative paradigm is useful for assessing stories in the law because it enables the critic to examine both the emotional and logical reasoning that determine the outcomes of the cases.

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Maeck, Julie. « Voir et entendre la destruction des Juifs d'Europe : histoire parallèle des représentations documentaires à la télévision allemande et française, 1960-2000 ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210722.

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Voir et entendre la destruction des Juifs d’Europe analyse l’aporie sur laquelle butent les documentaires à la télévision française et allemande, de 1960 à 2000. De Nuit et Brouillard du Français Alain Resnais aux séries de l’Allemand Guido Knopp, en passant par le Mein Kampf de Erwin Leiser, par Les Dossiers de l’écran consacrés à la diffusion d’Holocaust à la télévision française, par Shoah de Claude Lanzmann et d’autres films majeurs, tous s’affrontent à l’impossibilité de représenter, via l’image d’archives et le témoignage, de donner à « voir » et à « entendre » l’extermination de plus de cinq millions de personnes. L’examen minutieux de l’usage du témoignage et de l’image d’archives permet de dégager les stratégies mises en place, au fil du temps, par les réalisateurs pour contourner cette aporie. Les métamorphoses du statut et de la fonction des traces sonores et visuelles au sein du récit documentaire jettent également un éclairage sur la définition fluctuante de l’événement historique, sur les déplacements de regards et de sens portés sur le matériel iconographique et les souvenirs des acteurs de l’époque qui bousculent immanquablement la perception de l’histoire des Juifs sous le nazisme.

Parallèlement à cette analyse interne, proposant un savoir non plus livresque du film, mais, au contraire un savoir qui intègre ses qualités propres, que sont l’audio et le visuel, la focale s’élargit au contexte mémoriel de la réalisation et de la diffusion du film afin d’évaluer le degré de singularité du discours élaboré par son auteur. Le documentaire est-il créateur de débats et d’événements, de sources de représentations et de croyances ?Donne-t-il, au contraire, au débat l’occasion de s’exprimer, limitant alors son rôle à un effet de miroir – fidèle ou non – des mémoires collectives ?Au regard de la connexité des sources (orales, visuelles et scripturales) entre l’historien et le réalisateur de documentaires, se superpose une interrogation relative à la nature du discours énoncé par le film :est-il d’ordre historique ou métahistorique ?Est-il du domaine de la connaissance ou, au contraire, s’inscrit-il dans la perspective d’un discours sur l’histoire utilisant les données historiques pour servir des enjeux du temps présent qui imposent ce dont il faut se souvenir ?

Cette approche, replaçant les représentations documentaires dans leur propre contexte mémoriel et historiographique s’enrichit d’une perspective comparatiste entre les représentations documentaires allemandes et françaises qui a l’avantage de sortir des débats et enjeux nationaux relatifs au film documentaire.

Voir et entendre la destruction des Juifs d’Europe présente ainsi une histoire culturelle et critique de la mémoire télévisuelle de l’événement juif de la Seconde guerre mondiale

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Wertheimer, Andrew B. Wiegand Wayne A. « Japanese American community libraries in America's concentration camps, 1942-1946 / ». 2004. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Fitzpatrick, Georgina Sylvia Jane. « Britishers behind barbed wire : internment in Australia during the Second World War ». Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109224.

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Nagata, Yuriko. « Japanese internment in Australia during World War II / Yuriko Nagata ». Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21427.

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Shantall, Hester Maria. « A heuristic study of the meaning of suffering among holocaust survivors ». Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16020.

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Is there meaning in suffering or ts suffering only a soul-destroying experience from which nothing positive can emerge? In seeking to answer this question, a heuristic study was made of the experiences and views of the famous Auschwitz survivor, Viktor Frankl, supplemented by an exploration of the life-worlds of other Nazi concentration camp survivors. The underlying premise was that if meaning can be found in the worst sufferings imaginable, then meaning can be found in every other situation of suffering. Seeking to illuminate the views of Frankl and to gain a deeper grasp of the phenomenon of suffering, the theoretical and personal views of mainstream psychologists regarding the nature of man and the meaning of hi.~ sufferings were studied. Since the focus of this research was on the suffering of the Holocaust survivor, the Holocaust as the context of the present study, was studied as a crisis of meaning and as psychological adversity. In trying to establish the best way to gain entry into the life-world of the Holocaust survivor, the research methods employed in Holocaust survivor studies were reviewed and, for the purposes of this study, found wanting. The choice and employment of a heuristic method yielded rich data which illuminated the fact that, through a series of heroic choices Frankl, and the survivors who became research participants, could attain spiritual triumph in the midst of suffering caused by an evil and inhumane regime. Hitherto unexplored areas of psychological maturity were revealed by these heroes of suffering from which the following conclusions could be drawn: Man attains the peaks of moral excellence through suffering. Suffering can have meaning. Suffering can call us out of the moral apathy and mindlesness of mere existence. The Holocaust, one of the most tragic events in human history, contains, paradoxically, a challenge to humankind. Resisting the pressure to sink to the level of a brute fight for mere survival, Frankl and the research participants continued to exercise those human values important to them and triumphantly maintained their human dignity and self-respect. Evidence was provided that man has the power to overcome evil with good.
Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

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Livres sur le sujet "World War, 1939-1945 – Concentration camps – Europe"

1959-, Megargee Geoffrey P., dir. Early camps and SS concentration camps and subcamps. Bloomington, IN : Indiana University Press in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2009.

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Great Britain. Ministry of Defence. The liberation of the death and concentration camps, Europe, June 1944- May 1945. [London] : Ministry of Defence, 2005.

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Geiger, Vladimir. Logor Krndija : 1945-1946. Zagreb : Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2008.

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Wachsmann, Nikolaus, Ewald Osers et Christian Goeschel. The Nazi concentration camps, 1933-1939 : A documentary history. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 2012.

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Alfred, Konieczny, et Międzynarodowa Sesja Naukowa nt. "Narody Europy w KL Gross-Rosen" (1995 : Polanica Zdrój, Poland), dir. Narody Europy w KL Gross-Rosen. Wałbrzych : Państwowe Muzeum Gross-Rosen, 1995.

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Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force. G-2 (Counter Intelligence Sub-Division)., dir. KLs (Konzentrationslager) : Axis concentration camps and detention centres reported as such in Europe : basic handbook. Hounslow : World War II Investigator, 1989.

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Wolf, Michaela. Interpreting in Nazi concentration camps. London : Bloomsbury Academic, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2016.

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1959-, Megargee Geoffrey P., et United States Holocaust Memorial Museum., dir. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum encyclopedia of camps and ghettos, 1933-1945. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2009.

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Mendelsohn, John. The "final solution" in the extermination camps and the aftermath. Clark, NJ : Lawbook Exchange, 2010.

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Plato, Alexander von. Hitler's slaves : Life stories of forced labourers in Nazi-occupied Europe. New York : Berghahn Books, 2010.

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Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "World War, 1939-1945 – Concentration camps – Europe"

Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, et Andrew Cliff. « Further Regional Studies ». Dans War Epidemics. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233640.003.0023.

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In Chapters 7 to 11, we have examined a series of recurring themes in the geography of war and disease since 1850 through regional lenses. In this chapter, we conclude our regional–thematic survey by illustrating further prominent themes which, either because of their subject-matter or because of their geographical location, were beyond the immediate scope of the foregoing chapters. In selecting regional case studies for this chapter, we concentrate on wars which have not been examined in depth to this point (the South African War and the Cuban Insurrection) or which, on account of their magnitude and extent, merit examination beyond that afforded in previous sections (World War I and World War II). Four principal issues are addressed: (1) Africa: population reconcentration and disease (Section 12.2), illustrated with reference to civilian concentration camps in the South African War, 1899–1902; (2) Americas: peace, war, and epidemiological integration (Section 12.3), illustrated with reference to the civil settlement system of Cuba, 1888–1902; (3) Asia: prisoners of war, forced labour, and disease (Section 12.4), illustrated with reference to Allied prisoners on the line of the Burma–Thailand Railway, 1942–4; (4) Europe: civilian epidemics and the world wars (Section 12.5), illustrated with reference to the spread of a series of diseases in the civil population of Europe during, and after, the hostilities of 1914–18 and 1939–45. As before, the study sites in (1) to (4) span a broad range of epidemiological environments, from the cool temperate latitudes of northern Europe, through the tropical island and jungle environments of the Caribbean and Southeast Asia, to the warm temperate and subtropical savannah lands of the South African Veld. Diseases have been sampled to reflect this epidemiological range. The South African War (1899–1902) has been described as the last of the ‘typhoid campaigns’ (Curtin, 1998)—a closing chapter on the predominance of disease over battle as a cause of death among soldiers (Pakenham, 1979: 382). From the military perspective, typhoid was indeed the major health issue of the war, accounting for a reported 8,020 deaths in the British Army (Simpson, 1911: 57).

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Marrus, Michael R. « Auschwitz : New Perspectives on the Final Solution ». Dans The Fate Of The European Jews, 1939-1945 Continuity or Contingency ?, 74–83. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195119312.003.0006.

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Abstract Auschwitz does not lend itself easily to a historical perspective.1 For most, the camp will forever be what it became: the largest and most important of the Nazi concentration camps, the most destructive and sophisticated killing machine ever developed, the place where the greatest number of Jews-close to one million-were killed during the Holocaust, and as a result, the largest cemetery in the world. No one intended this at the beginning, however, and for much of its history Auschwitz was, in Raul Hilberg’s striking phrase, “a site in search of a mission.”2 And because it took time for Auschwitz to become what it became, its history is complex, and there are different missions to explain. Looking back, our preoccupation with the camp’s ultimate significance interferes with our understanding of how the Auschwitz we know actually came to be. What I would like to do in this brief essay is to survey this history. Doing so, I think, is an aid to understanding what troubles people especially about the Nazi Holocaust-how people could do such things to other human beings.

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« World War II ». Dans Dark Gastronomy in Times of Tribulation, 179–217. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6505-9.ch008.

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Second World War, that lasted between 1939-1945 and resulted in the death of millions of people, takes its place in the dusty and dark pages of history with its causes, consequences, and outcomes. Difficult times experienced by millions of people affected during the war, both on the front and among the peoples, were also manifested by food shortages and malnutrition. While the particulars taking place in these difficult times are known in detail by many people living in the world, here in this chapter, the gastronomic events in the background are discussed. Foods that could be found and eaten during the war, rationing, food in Nazi concentration camps, and some foods that stood out during this bloody war are discussed in detail.

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