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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Working class – Russia – History »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Working class – Russia – History"

Morris, Jeremy. « Working-Class Resilience in Russia ». Current History 115, n^o 783 (1 octobre 2016) : 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2016.115.783.264.

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Nowak, Basia A. « Regendering the Working Class in Stalinist Russia ». Journal of Women's History 15, n^o 4 (2004) : 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2004.0020.

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Camfield, David. « From Revolution to Modernising Counter-Revolution in Russia, 1917–28 ». Historical Materialism 28, n^o 2 (4 avril 2020) : 107–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341798.

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Abstract This article presents a historical-materialist approach to key issues of revolution and counter-revolution and uses it to analyse what happened in Russia between 1917 and the late 1920s. What took place in 1917 was indeed a socialist revolution. However, by the end of 1918 working-class rule had been replaced with the rule of a working-class leadership layer that was improvising a fragile surplus-extracting state of proletarian origin. The eventual transformation of that layer into a new ruling class represented the triumph of a modernising counter-revolution. The decisive determinants of these developments were material pressures acting, first, on a working class plunged into catastrophic social crisis and war and then, after the Civil War, on the party-state leadership layer that sought to maintain its state against both European capitalist societies and the classes from which it had to extract surpluses. However, aspects of Bolshevik ideology also played a role.

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Perrie, Maureen. « The Russian working class, 1905?1917 ». Theory and Society 16, n^o 3 (mai 1987) : 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00139489.

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Phillips, Laura L. « In Defense of Their Families : Working-Class Women, Alcohol, and Politics in Revolutionary Russia ». Journal of Women's History 11, n^o 1 (1999) : 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2003.0098.

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Abdurakhimova, Nadira A. « THE COLONIAL SYSTEM OF POWER IN TURKISTAN ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, n^o 2 (mai 2002) : 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802002052.

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The history of Turkistan in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century has repeatedly attracted the attention of social scientists. It is widely recognized that the tendency of most Soviet authors was to consider this history under the rubric of “the progressive consequences of annexation to Russia,” at a time when the main historiographical trend was to investigate the history of revolutions, movements of the working class and peasants, riots among the people, and national-liberation movements. Under the same rubric, during a rather long period until the end of the 1980s, many problems of local Turkistan society were written about. As a result of this approach, some questions remained unasked—questions that challenged the officially mandated proposition that “despite tsarist colonialism, the annexation of non-Russian peoples to Russia was a progressive reality.” In particular, one of these questions has to do with the history of the state that governed the territory of Turkistan in the colonial and post-colonial periods.

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Isaychikov, Viktor F. « Peasant revolts against the peasant revolution ». Tambov University Review. Series : Humanities, n^o 189 (2020) : 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-189-155-167.

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Тhe peasant revolts, wars, and revolutions known in history had both revolutionary and reactionary sides. A particularly complex interweaving was observed in Russia (USSR) in the first third of the 20th century due to the maximum number of economic structures and classes in the country and four revolutions. The main reason for the struggle of the peasant classes, including re-volts, was poverty, caused by both agrarian overpopulation and social causes, among which the main one before the October revolution was the remnants of feudalism. All four revolutions in Russia were largely peasant revolutions, but they differed in class composition and class leader-ship. As a result of the Great October socialist revolution, a joint dictatorship of the working class and the peasantry (the petty bourgeoisie) was established in the country, not predicted by K. Marx, but foreseen by V.I. Lenin. However, the small working class after V.I. Lenin’s death could not hold on to power, and as a result of the “Stalinist” counter-revolution, an internally unstable dictatorship of the petty bourgeoisie (peasantry) was established in the country. We reveal the class processes in the peasantry that led to revolts and revolutions.

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Lederhendler, Eli. « Classless : On the Social Status of Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 50, n^o 2 (avril 2008) : 509–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417508000224.

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In this paper I examine the economic and political factors that undermined the social class structure in an ethnic community—the Jews of Russia and eastern Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. Compared with the documented rise and articulation of working classes in non-Jewish society in that region, Jews were caught in an opposite process, largely owing to discriminatory state policies and social pressures: Among Jews, artisans and petty merchants were increasingly reduced to a single, caste-like status. A Jewish middle class of significant size did not emerge from the petty trade sector and no significant industrial working class emerged from the crafts sector. Historians have largely overlooked the significance of these facts, in part because they have viewed this east European situation as a mere preamble to more sophisticated, modern class formation processes among immigrant Jews in Western societies, particularly in light of the long-term middle-class trajectory of their children. Those historians interested in labor history have mainly shown interest in such continuity as they could infer from the self-narratives of the Jewish labor movement, and have thus overstated the case for a long-standing Jewish “proletarian” tradition. In reassessing the historical record, I wish to put the Jewish social and economic situation in eastern Europe into better perspective by looking at the overall social and economic situation, rather than at incipient worker organizations alone. I also query whether a developing class culture, along the lines suggested by E. P. Thompson, was at all in evidence before Jewish mass emigration. This paper is thus a contribution to the history of labor—rather than organized labor—as well as a discussion of the roots of ethnic economic identity.

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Kozlov, D. V. « The concepts of citizenship and estate in Russian history — continuity and / or intermittence ». Slovo.ru : Baltic accent 11, n^o 3 (2020) : 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2020-3-8.

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The author studied the development of the concept “people” in contemporary history taking into account its possible interpretation as a bearer of sovereignty. This concept goes back to the time of early bourgeois revolutions. The author holds that there are certain parallels between the ideology of citizenship, the development of the concept “people / nation” and the interpretation of the concept “citizenship”. Contemporary theoretical debates about citizenship are fully applicable to the history of the interpretation of citizenship in Russia. The United States or Great Britain have a century-long tradition of citizenship. Unlike them, Russia has gone through several stages of radical changes associated with deep political and social transformations, hence a variety of understanding of the concept analysed. A paradoxical interpretation of the concept "citizen" in Russia became evident in the 18th century. Then a citizen and a subject tended to be used either as synonyms or “citizens” were understood as a social group related to nobility. Thus, the concept analysed was used in a variety of meanings and contexts. The same duality in the interpretation of citizenship within the class society manifested itself on the eve of the 1917 Revolution. The class-based duality of citizenship was also noticeable during the Soviet period. After the radical break with the past proclaimed by the Bolsheviks, the old class stratification system had to be changed. In the first month after the Revolution, the Bolsheviks officially abolished estates, titles and ranks. Under the 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR, the concept “class” became a legal term in Soviet Russia. Only “workers” received political rights and thus full citizenship. The official civil status or citizenship was an integral part of the ideology of workers and “exploited” classes as opposed to “non-working, bourgeois elements”. The idea of citizenship ceased to depend on territory and nationality. As a result, a group of people was legally deprived of citizenship while permanently residing in the state. Paradoxically, in Soviet Russia citizenship was defined through its absence, through what it was not. The concepts of citizenship and classhood during the Imperial and Soviet periods often coexisted, complementing each other and forming a bizarre synthesis of traditional and modern approaches to the interpretation of the concept of citizenship.

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Jeffrey Brooks. « Under the Influence : Working-Class Drinking, Temperance, and Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1805-1932 (review) ». Journal of Social History 42, n^o 3 (2009) : 809–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.0.0176.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Working class – Russia – History"

Russell, John. « The role of socialist competition in establishing labour discipline in the Soviet working class, 1928-1934 ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1290/.

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Between 1928 and 1934 Soviet society experienced what amounted to two industrial revolutions: the adaptation of a largely non-industrial working population to industry and the introduction of new technologies and methods of management. These radical changes inevitably gave rise to problems of labour discipline, expressed most graphically in soaring rates of labour turnover and absenteeism. These problems were exacerbated by the pace, intensity and scope of Soviet industrialisation and by the social policies that accompanied this drive. As in any such process these problems had to be tackled by utilising a blend of measures based on compulsion, conviction and incentive. The present work examines the blend employed by the Soviet regime during the period under review to stimulate, in the shortest possible time scale, a general will for industrialisation and, having established that will and destroyed opposition to it, channel the energies thus generated into the desired directions. The distinctive element in this blend is identified as socialist competition, which the regime utilised to stimulate support for and stifle opposition to industrialisation, and, subsequently, to raise work skills to the level required by the modern industry being constructed. Moreover, socialist competition allowed the regime to implement a management system geared to the maximum priority of production interests, while preserving a commitment, albeit in abstract terms, to the concept of a workers' state.

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Charlton, John Douglas. « Working class structure and working class politics in Britain 1950 ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303518.

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Quinney, Nigel Peter. « Edwardian militarism and working class youth ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385630.

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Wilson, Karen. « Aspects of solidarity between middle-class and working-class women 1880-1903 ». Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293991.

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Guha, Ray Siddhartha. « Calcutta tramwaymen : a study of working class history / ». Kolkata : Progressive, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41066944d.

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Childs, Michael James 1956. « Working class youth in late Victorian and Edwardian England ». Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74015.

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Scott, Gillian. « The working class women's most active and democratic movement ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236239.

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Franklin, Adrian. « Privatism, the home and working class culture : a life history approach ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310274.

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Cherry, Janet. « The making of an African working class : Port Elizabeth 1925-1963 ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17243.

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Bibliography: pages 231-239.
The thesis examines the 'making' of an african working class in Port Elizabeth. It offers an alternative interpretation to conventional histories which emphasize continuity both in the idea of a strong industrial working class and in a tradition of militant and effective worker organisation. At the same time, it posits the idea that there was a working-class movement which developed among Port Elizabeth's african community in the late 1940's and 1950's. Chapter 1 examines population growth in Port Elizabeth, the growth of secondary industry, and employment opportunities for africans. It is argued that limited opportunities for african employment in secondary industry affected the forms of working-class organisation that emerged. Chapter 2 examines the situation of the urban african population in the 1920's and 1930's, looking at factors which influenced its organisation and consciousness. The low wages paid to african workers were not challenged effectively in this period by the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union which had declined by the mid-1920's, or the Trades and Labour Council which did not organise african workers. However, the permanently urbanised status of the majority of the african population laid the basis for a militant community consciousness. Chapter 3 analyses attempts to organise african workers during the Second World War. It focusses on Wage Board determinations. the first african trade unions formed by the Ballingers and Max Gordon, the organisation of the Council of Non-European Trade Unions and the Trades and Labour Council, and the organisation of railway workers. It is argued that these attempts at organising african labour were largely unsuccessful in building strong industrial unions with an african leadership. Chapter 4 looks at the rise of the 'new unions' in the post-war period, when african workers were drawn into manufacturing on a large scale, and an african working-class leadership began to emerge. The response to this from the state, capital and other trade unions is examined through looking at the struggles of workers in four sectors: stevedoring, laundry, textiles and food. These sectors are contrasted with the tertiary sector where organisation of african workers was weak. Chapter 5 examines the politics of reproduction of the african working class between 1 945 and 1960. It looks at changes in the nature of the African National Congress and the Communist Party of South Africa, and at innovative strategies around issues of reproduction. The role of women's organisation and their struggle against the extension of pass laws is highlighted, and it is posited that a working class movement developed in this period. Chapter 6 analyses the application of influx control in Port Elizabeth in the 1950's, and the conflict of interests over the implementation of the labour bureau system. It examines the divisions in the african working class between migrants and non-migrants, and the response of different sections of the working class. Chapter 7 looks at the role of the South African Congress of Trade Unions. It is argued that the integration of point-of-production struggles with community and political struggles was the outcome of the position of african workers in industry combined with strong political organisation in the 'sphere of reproduction'. Changes in the structural position of african workers combined with political repression led to the collapse of this working class movement in the early 1960's.

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Starkey, Joseph. « Renouncing the left : working-class conservatism in France, 1930-1939 ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72795/.

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Histories of the working class in France have largely ignored the existence of working-class conservatism. This is particularly true of histories of the interwar period. Yet, there were an array of Catholic and right-wing groups during these years that endeavoured to bring workers within their orbit. Moreover, many workers judged that their interests were better served by these groups. This thesis explores the participation of workers in Catholic and right-wing groups during the 1930s. What did these groups claim to offer workers within the wider context of their ideological goals? In which ways did conservative workers understand and express their interests, and why did they identify the supposed ‘enemies of the left’ as the best means of defending them? What was the daily experience of conservative workers like, and how did this experience contribute to the formation of 'non-left' political identities? These questions are addressed in a study of the largest Catholic and right-wing groups in France during the 1930s. This thesis argues that, during a period of left-wing ascendancy, these groups made the recruitment of workers a top priority. To this end, they harnessed particular elements of mass political culture and adapted them to their own ideological ends. However, the ideology of these groups did not simply reflect the interests of the workers that supported them. This thesis argues that the interests of conservative workers were a rational and complex product of their own experience. They were formed by a large range of materials, from preconceived attitudes to issues such as gender and race, to the everyday experience of bullying and intimidation on the factory floor. This thesis shows that workers could conceive of their interests in a number of different ways, and chose from a range of different groups to try and further them.

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Livres sur le sujet "Working class – Russia – History"

Straus, Kenneth M. Factory and community in Stalin's Russia : The making of an industrial working class. Pittsburgh, Pa : University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.

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Steinberg, Mark D. Proletarian imagination : Self, modernity, and the sacred in Russia, 1910-1925. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2002.

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Andrle, Vladimir. Workers in Stalin's Russia : Industrialization and social change in a planned economy. Sussex : Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1988.

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A, Filtzer Donald, dir. A dream deferred : New studies in Russian and Soviet labour history. New York : Lang, 2009.

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Under the influence : Working-class drinking, temperance, and cultural revolution in Russia, 1895-1932. Pittsburgh, Pa : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006.

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E, Zelnik Reginald, dir. Workers and intelligentsia in late Imperial Russia : Realities, representations, reflections. Berkeley, CA : International and Area Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1999.

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Wynn, Charters. Workers, strikes, and pogroms : The Donbass-Dnepr Bend in late imperial Russia, 1870-1905. Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press, 1992.

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Bohater radzieckiej powieści o pracy, 1929-1941. Wrocław : Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1985.

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1955-, Frank Stephen, et Steinberg Mark D. 1953-, dir. Cultures in flux : Lower-class values, practices, and resistance in late Imperial Russia. Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press, 1994.

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Carioli, Susana B. Sigwald. El proletariado ruso judío : Desde la semana roja al centenario. Carlos Casares : Editora del Archivo, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Working class – Russia – History"

Taylor, David. « Working-Class Movements ». Dans Mastering Economic and Social History, 368–414. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19377-6_21.

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Mason, S. « Working-class Movements ». Dans Work Out Social and Economic History GCSE, 107–28. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10295-2_6.

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Williams, Gwyn A. « Locating a Welsh Working Class : The Frontier Years* ». Dans The Welsh in their History, 65–93. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292883-4.

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Boos, Florence S. « Memoir and People’s History in Janet Hamilton’s Sketches of Village Life ». Dans Memoirs of Victorian Working-Class Women, 85–114. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64215-4_4.

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Sangster, Joan. « Politics and Praxis in Canadian Working-Class Oral History ». Dans Oral History Off the Record, 59–75. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137339652_4.

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Leung, Elly. « The (Re-) Making of a Docile Working Class in China ». Dans Palgrave Debates in Business History, 51–101. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83313-8_2.

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Williams, Gwyn A. « Dic Penderyn : Myth, Martyr and Memory in the Welsh Working Class* ». Dans The Welsh in their History, 135–49. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292883-6.

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Shaffer, Kirwin. « Working-Class Resistance and Anti-Imperialism, 1900–World War II ». Dans A Transnational History of the Modern Caribbean, 91–107. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93012-7_6.

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Leung, Elly. « The Making of a Docile Working Class in Pre-reform China ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Management History, 1351–66. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62114-2_113.

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Leung, Elly. « The Making of a Docile Working Class in Pre-reform China ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Management History, 1–16. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62348-1_113-1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Working class – Russia – History"

Alekseenko, P. G., et A. V. Shvets. « LEGAL REGULATION OF WORKING AND REST TIME IN RUSSIA ». Dans RUSSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM : HISTORY, MODERNITY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/lsr.2021.1.

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Ponce Gregorio, Pedro. « La forme du temps à Moscou ». Dans LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.582.

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Resumen: Sería el 2 de septiembre de 1931, mediante carta privada remitida por un tal B. Breslow en calidad de Representante Comercial de la URSS en Francia, cuando Le Corbusier recibe la invitación a participar en el concurso del que sería para muchos el edificio esencial del país, el Palacio de los Soviets de Moscú. Un edificio que en consecuencia, además de encarnar la voluntad de las masas trabajadoras rusas, debía convertirse de manera análoga, allí donde ya se hallaba construida la catedral de El Salvador, en el monumento artístico-arquitectónico de la todavía maltrecha capital soviética. Este y no otro es el punto en el que la presente «forma del tiempo» se inscribe: en el continuo devenir que el proyecto desarrolla dentro del número 35 de la rue de Sèvres de París, a fin de desempolvar parte de aquel rastro creativo velado por la historia, esto es, desandar la línea de los Soviets. Abstract: It was around september the second, 1931, on a private letter dispatched by some B. Breslow acting as Comercial Representative of the URSS in France, when Le Corbusier received the invitation to participate in the contest of the one that would be for many the essential building of the country, the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow. A building that for that matter would not only enbodies russian´s working class will, but also should become in the same way, there where the El Salvador cathedral was built, the artistic-architectural monument of the still struggling soviet capital. This and not else is the point in which the actual "shape of the time" it is enrolled: on the developed by the project inside the number 35 of the rue de Sèvres in Paris, in order to dust off part of that creative trace veiled by history, this is, to walk back along the line of the Soviets. Palabras clave: Tiempo; composición; simbología; circulación; técnica; Palacio de los Soviets. Keywords: Time; composition; symbology; circulation; technique; Palace of the Soviets. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.582

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Бессуднова, Марина. « Опыт изучения исторических диалектов немецкого языка в Новгородском государственном университете ». Dans Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/006.

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In the absence of appropriate curricula, the historical dialects of the Low German language are studied at NovSU as an option within the framework of the Baltic Center. The main purpose of this work is to expand the range of historical sources for the study of the history of Livonia, its contacts with North-Western Russia, the Hanse and the Livonian Order. The article presents the main methods of working with archival material, the rules for transcribing original texts, translating them into Russian and preparing them for publication.

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Rutsinskaya, Irina, et Galina Smirnova. « TEA PARTIES IN RUSSIAN PAINTING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH – BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY : REFLECTIONS OF EVERYDAY LIFE AND SOCIAL HISTORY ». Dans NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/33.

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"Tea in Russia is not only the drink loved by millions of people but also a national symbol closely and inseparably connected with Russian culture. The dominance of realism in Russian fine art in the second half of the nineteenth – beginning of the twentieth century gave birth to the widespread popularity of genre painting which started playing a very special role in the country. It is not surprising that tea parties became common themes in these works. Over a cup of tea, the characters in the paintings perform everyday activities: chatting, contemplating, indulging in memories, while taking the opportunity to enjoy their favourite drink. Paintings are a unique and rarely used source for social history and culture studies as they allow us not only to reconstruct the everyday life of past eras, but also to study how contemporaries saw, perceived, and evaluated a variety of everyday practices. The research undertaken is descriptive and analytical with reference to the principles of historicism, academic reliability and objectivity that help to determine important trends and patterns and characterize the various social phenomena and developments that took place in Russia during the period under study. Unlike Western European painting, the representation of tea ceremonies on the canvases of Russian artists romanticizes both the philosophical aspect and the harmonizing function of the ceremony, but at the same time focuses attention on social issues, which obviously reflects the specifics of national consciousness. The present research is based on the analysis of eighty-two genre painting works by Russian artists (among them there are the well-known ones by: Ivan Bogdanov, Vasiiy Makovsky, Konstantin Makovsky, Vasily Perov, Konnstantin Korovin, etc.). They not only provide the audience with information about different aspects of everyday culture in Russia from the second half of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century but also trace the trends in the development of public consciousness and help to determine the main social problems that characterize the historical period and the attitude of society to them. The process of the democratization of society in the second half of the nineteenth century is reflected in the depiction of the ambiguous relationship between society and the church. The canvases draw attention to the place of tradition in the life of an individual and a family, the changing social role of the nobility which exemplifies the passing era, increasing interest in the way of life of the intelligentsia, and creating the image of the merchant as a new social class with a specific culture. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the nostalgic description of the tea party as a symbol of a bygone era of prosperity and a lost past prevails."

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Талина, Г. В. « The Russian State in the time of the first Romanovs as portrayed in school textbooks and university courses for non-history majors ». Dans Современное социально-гуманитарное образование : векторы развития в год науки и технологий : материалы VI международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 22–23 апреля 2021 г.). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2021.90.35.048.

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в статье предложена модель лекционного и практического занятий по истории России XVII века для студентов неисторических направлений подготовки. Основой для изучения темы являются знания, полученные в школе. Проводится сравнительный анализ отражения темы в школьных учебниках. Выявляются основные характеристики явлений и процессов периода, данные авторами этих учебников. Предлагается способ анализа студентами сословно-представительной и ранней абсолютной монархии России, царской власти, Боярской и Ближней дум, Расправной палаты, приказной системы, вооруженных сил государства. Уделяется внимание различным образовательным технологиям: эвристической беседе, анализу исторического источника, проектной деятельности. Показано значение темы в формировании профессиональных функций обучаемого. the paper proposes a model for lectures and workshops on the Russian history of the 17th century for non-history majors. The subject is explored based on school studies. A comparison study is made of the content of school textbooks. Basic trends are identified in the events and processes of the period as presented by the authors of the textbooks. A method is proposed for analysis by students of the class-based representative monarchy and the early absolute monarchy in Russia, tsarist authority, the Boyar and Blizhnyaya Duma [Privy Duma], Raspravnaya Palata (The Chamber of Judgment), the prikaznaya [mandamus/fiat] system, and the national army. Consideration is given to various educational processes such as Socratic dialogue, historical source analysis and project-based learning. The subject's importance is shown in teaching professional skills to the student.

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Lubis, Michael Binsar, et Mehrdad Kimiaei. « Experimental Wave Flume Tests in ROV-Wave Interaction Effects on the Line Tension for a Work Class ROV in Splash Zone ». Dans ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-61098.

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Abstract Integrity and stability of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) when passing through the splash zone is one of the main concerns in the design of an ROV-umbilical system. Due to the lightweight nature of ROV in water, the umbilical experiences repetitive rapid transitions between slack and taut as the ROV travels through the splash zone. These rapid transitions induce tension spikes in the umbilical, namely snap forces, that can endanger the launch and recovery of an ROV. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the tension spikes do not exceed the safe working load of the umbilical. In this study, launch and recovery of a deep-water work class ROV are experimentally investigated using a 1:10 scaled ROV model through a series of wave flume tests. Different regular and irregular waves are generated in the flume while the ROV model is hung over the flume in four different positions. The tension time-history in the line is measured and recorded using a load cell at the top-end of the line. A simplified numerical model for launch and recovery of the ROV is developed and the numerical results are compared with the experimental ones. It is shown that the presented simplified model can be accurately used for analysis of launch and recovery of the ROV.

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Perreault, Simon, Philippe Cardou et Cle´ment Gosselin. « Towards Parallel Cable-Driven Pantographs ». Dans ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47751.

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We propose a new class of pantographs, i.e., of mechanisms that allow the reproduction of the displacements of an input link, the master, with an output link, the slave. The application we envision for these devices is the telemanipulation of objects from small distances, at low cost, where magnetic fields or other design constraints prohibit the use of electromechanical systems. Despite the long history of pantographs, which were invented in the 17th century, the class of pantographs proposed here is new, as it relies on parallel cable-driven mechanisms to transmit the motion. This allows the reproduction of rigid-body displacements, while previous pantographs were limited to point displacements. This important characteristic and others are described in the paper. One important challenge in the design of the proposed systems is that the cables must remain taut at all time. We address this issue by introducing nonlinear springs that passively maintain a minimum tension in the cables, while approximating static balancing of the mechanism over its workspace. Approximating static balancing allows the forces applied at the slave to reflect more accurately at the master, and vice versa. As a preliminary validation, a two-degree-of-freedom parallel cable-driven pantograph is designed. A prototype of this apparatus that does not include approximate static balancing is built, which demonstrates the working principle of these mechanisms.

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Xinting, Liang. « The Trajectory of Collective Life : The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s ». Dans The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online : SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4026pt85d.

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Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.

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Thomas, Joyce, et Megan Strickfaden. « Design for the Real World : a look back at Papanek from the 21st Century ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002010.

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This paper presents an overview of Victor Papanek’s book Design for the Real World (1971) from the perspective of current 3rd year industrial design students, members of GenZ, combined with the perspectives of the educators/authors who read the original edition of the book in the 70s and 80s. Students read individual chapters the 2019 edition of this book, wrote a critical review, and presented their overviews and findings in two lengthy class discussions that allowed them to ‘read’ the entire book. The perspectives of the students and educators (from very different generations) reveal an interesting story about the Austrian-born American designer and educator’s writings. In this paper we reveal the continued relevance and critically analyze Papanek’s writings by illustrating how his views on socially and environmentally responsible design live on.Taking his early design inspiration from Raymond Loewy, Papanek went on to study architecture with Frank Lloyd Wright. An early follower and ally of Buckminster Fuller, a designer and systems theorist, Papanek applied principles of socially responsible design, both in theory and practice ultimately working on collaborative projects with UNESCO and the World Health Organization. In Design for the Real World, Papanek professed his philosophy that objects or systems work as political tools for change. He became a controversial voice within that time frame as he declared that many consumer products were frivolous, excessive, and lacked basic functionality causing them to be recklessly dangerous to the users. His ideas seemed extreme, echoed by many other environmental philosophers at the time, at that point in history, but perhaps viewed from the 21st century seem prophetic. An advocate for responsible design, Papanek had visionary ideas on design theory. Papanek felt it was important to put the user first when designing. He spent time observing indigenous communities in developing countries, working directly with, and studying people of different cultures and backgrounds. Papanek designed for people with disabilities often in pursuit of a better world for all. He also addressed themes that have continue to be overlooked in design in the 21st century - inclusion, social justice, appropriate technology, and sustainability.Papanek ultimately earned the respect of many talented colleagues. He would go on to design, teach, and write for future generations. Opposing the ideals of planned obsolescence and the mass consumerism that fuels it, his work encompassed what would become the idea of sustainable design and decreasing overproduction for the consumer market. Themes from Design for the Real World remain relevant, and today it has become one of the most widely read books on design; resulting in Papanek’s voice continuing to push designers to uplift their morals and standards in practicing design.This paper highlights Papanek’s values of designing thoughtfully and for all, while revealing the details on the relevance of his writings five decades after the original publication.

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Ananchenkova, Polina, et Elena Ponomareva. « IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATION PROCESS : ORGANIZATIONAL, MOETHODOLOGICAL, HUMAN RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT ISSUES ». Dans eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-159.

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Russian higher vocational education system is currently undergoing a reform, with joining the Bologna process, implementing dual-level education system (Bachelor's degree, Master's degree), moving to new federal state education standards, implementing a competency-based approach - all these institutional transformations shape the reforms and content of education process in higher learning institutions. Classical form of education, with in-class learning (lectures and seminars), independent work, tests and exams, is becoming less efficient in terms of building professional knowledge and skills. On the one hand, the new educational standards need implementation of variative forms and methods of training into the education process. On the other hand, students demand flexible forms of education, which allow combining education and work effectively. In light of this, Russian Universities are considering distance learning as an instrument in improving the efficiency of the training process and are actively implementing e-learning technologies. However, this process is related to a number of challenges: 1. Organizational support. Due to heavy administrative restrictions imposed on the University management, implementation of distance learning technologies requires certain a sequence of administrative decisions (at the level of chair, deanery, learning and teaching unit, academic council, rectorate), compliant with the requirements of Federal State Education Standards (FGOS) for a wide range of teaching areas. Since FGOS requirements vary, making the administrative decisions aimed at unifying various requirements is substantially complicated. 2. Methodological support. Conducting classes in distance learning format requires developing the respective curricula for various study disciplines, lecture transcripts, webinar scenarios, assessment funds, etc. 3. Human resources support. Not all teachers by far have the adequate knowledge and skills for working in distance learning systems. Many are unwilling to work with new technologies (and they have every right to be). That is why Universities are facing the need to conduct ToT seminars and courses to teach the staff to design and manage their own distance learning courses. 4. Technological support. Ensuring success of distance learning efforts requires the respective technologies, equipment, etc. - not just at the University, but also among students. The article presents results reflecting implementation of distance learning technologies in Master's education process at the Academy of Labor and Social Relations (Moscow, Russia). Survey results of teachers and students are provided. The study covers a 4-year period of preparation and implementation of distance learning.

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