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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Women – Violence against – European Union countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Women – Violence against – European Union countries"

Picchi, Marta. « Violence against Women and Domestic Violence : The European Commission’s Directive Proposal ». Athens Journal of Law 8, n^o 4 (30 septembre 2022) : 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.8-4-3.

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The Commission proposed to enshrine in the law of the European Union minimum standards to criminalise certain forms of violence against women; protect victims and improve access to justice; support victims and ensure coordination between relevant services; and prevent these types of crimes from happening in the first place. In particular, the Commission’s proposal would make it possible, on the one hand, to surmount the gaps existing in some Member States and, on the other hand, to standardise the various national legislations with a single discipline valid in all the countries of the European Union. This paper focuses on the contents of the European Commission’s proposal by highlighting and reflecting on the key points. Keywords: Violence against women; Domestic violence; Directive proposal; European Commission; Minimum standards

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Goodey, Joanna. « Violence Against Women : Placing Evidence From a European Union–Wide Survey in a Policy Context ». Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, n^o 12 (16 mai 2017) : 1760–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517698949.

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In the European Union, there continues to be a lack of comprehensive and comparable data on violence against women that can serve to inform policy. In response, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), which undertakes primary data collection across all 28 EU Member States, published the first European Union–wide survey on violence against women in 2014, which interviewed 42,000 respondents. The findings, which show the extent of violence against women—ranging from intimate partner violence through to sexual harassment—can underpin a renewed policy response to violence at the level of the European Union, based on evidence. Having outlined the survey’s approach to data collection, including the methodological challenges of undertaking quantitative survey research across 28 countries, the article briefly describes some of the survey’s main findings and follows this by focusing on the realities of nonreporting to different services, which illustrates how the survey’s data can be usefully employed to inform policy and practical responses to abuse. The article does not adopt a standard academic journal format for reporting and discussing the analysis of data, but instead focuses on the EU policy backdrop that serves to contextualize the survey and its findings, and which underpins other articles in this special issue that draw in detail on FRA’s survey results with respect to specific manifestations of violence against women.

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Mago-King, Pauline. « REVIEW : Noted : Theatre empowerment for gender violence communication ». Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 24, n^o 2 (2 novembre 2018) : 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v24i2.437.

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Voices Against Violence, as told to Kate Burry and Connie Grouse: Women living in the Solomon Islands share their stories as survivors of violence and/or participants in the ground-breaking Stages of Change theatre project funded by the European Union. Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand: British Council. 2015. English & Bislama dual language edition. 89 pages. ISBN 978-0-473-31329-6 THE SUBJECT of violence against women is one that is prevalent in Pacific countries such as the Solomon Islands. Gender-based violence, particularly violence against women, is an issue that is often treated as a cultural or societal norm.

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Rutyan, L. « WOMEN'S HOME VIOLENCE : PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF THE PHENOMENON ». Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Social work, n^o 5 (2019) : 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-7786.2019/5-1/11.

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The article examines the issues of domestic violence of women, psychological and social determinants of this phenomenon. It is indicated that this problem is in the focus of attention of foreign and domestic scientists, as well as public authorities and non-governmental organizations. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is the sexual attribute that causes the woman to be a victim of various types of violence in almost all countries of the world. Lists of programs to prevent and combat violence against children, youth and women, which are funded by the leadership of the European Union, are listed. The factors that determine domestic violence in general and in particular against women are examined in detail. It is noted that violence against women affects the whole family. The main components of the program for the prevention of domestic violence against women are given. Promising areas for the prevention of domestic violence are listed.

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Perisic, Natalija. « Domestic violence against immigrant women in transit - The case of Serbia ». Temida 22, n^o 1 (2019) : 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1901039p.

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The focus of the paper is on domestic violence against immigrant women during the transit and stay in Serbia, on their way from MENA countries1 to the European Union. The objective is to present and analyze the phenomenon. It is contextualized within a theoretical framework of intersections between domestic violence, migration and the crisis and consideration of migration from MENA countries flowing through Serbia, as a part of the Western Balkan?s Route, with an emphasis on immigrant women. This is followed by the scrutinisation of domestic violence against immigrant women in Serbia - its occurrence and reporting, along with the author?s reflections thereof. Main conclusions point to the importance of preventive and empowering strategies directed towards immigrant women. Challenges to that are numerous: some stem from underperformance of services aimed at prevention and empowerment of women who are victims of domestic violence in Serbia in general, and some are related to the factors specific for the situation of immigrant women.

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MacDonald, Morag, David Kane et James Williams. « Protecting women with multiple and complex needs from gendered violence : impediments to obtaining and maintaining safe and secure accommodation in a European context ». Journal of Gender-Based Violence 4, n^o 2 (1 juin 2020) : 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868020x15857297488044.

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The aim of this article is to identify the key impediments to accessing and sustaining safe and secure accommodation by women with multiple and complex needs within a European context. Women with multiple and complex needs are particularly vulnerable to various forms of violence against them and homelessness is often one of their particular needs. The European context is important because ending violence against women is a key priority of the European Union, yet this particularly vulnerable group has largely been overlooked in key strategy. This research was part of a European Union-funded project and a pragmatic, phenomenological approach was taken to the research, employing interviews with key stakeholders (women and professionals who work with them) from five European countries. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a framework of analysis, the key findings were that accommodation is a key requirement for women with multiple needs to receive the treatment they need. However, simply providing safe and secure accommodation is not enough; rather, a coordinated, wraparound service is required to ensure that women successfully address their multiple needs and are empowered to sustain their tenancies and, ultimately, become self-actualised.

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Rodriguez Martinez, Pilar. « Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Scandinavia and Southern Europe ». Comparative Sociology 18, n^o 3 (10 juillet 2019) : 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341500.

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Abstract This article will focus on the significant differences shown by the data found by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) survey of women who may or may not have suffered physical Intimate Partner Violence against Women (IPVAW). The authors present the model and result of the discriminant function analysis that they carried out separately for the countries from southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, and Malta) and Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden). Their hypotheses were that women with less income, lower educational level, who are divorced, who have children, are from rural areas, who are housewives, with bad health, older aged, immigrants, and those who had suffered some physical violence from other people – apart from the partner or ex-partner –, will suffer more violence than the rest of women. One of the most relevant conclusions from their analysis was this: the more often a woman experienced physical violence from someone other than a partner/ex-partner beginning at the age of 15 years old, the more probable it will be that she will suffer IPVAW. The authors discuss this and other significant findings here.

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Nevala, Sami. « Coercive Control and Its Impact on Intimate Partner Violence Through the Lens of an EU-Wide Survey on Violence Against Women ». Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, n^o 12 (16 mai 2017) : 1792–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517698950.

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Research on intimate partner violence has suggested that not all violence is the same. This article builds upon earlier research on coercive control—or intimate terrorism—and examines the experiences of women who can be assessed as having experienced coercive controlling violence both in terms of the types of violent incidents they experience and the impact and consequences of the most serious incident of violence by an intimate partner. The article explores differences across the 28 European Union (EU) Member States in terms of coercive control and type of violence used. The results—based on data from the first EU–wide survey on violence against women by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights—are further considered in terms of their association with gender equality. The results show that, in the EU, violence against women perpetrated under coercive control differs from other forms of violence as it involves more serious forms of violence and has a bigger impact in terms of its varied consequences. Countries where women indicated lower levels of coercive control are shown as scoring higher on a measure of gender equality, in contrast with earlier interpretations of the survey findings concerning the relationship between survey measures of physical and/or sexual violence and gender equality. The analysis supports the need to differentiate between various types of intimate partner violence against women—including violence under coercive control—in the European context, both in terms of research to better understand violence and for interventions to prevent violence.

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Mamishova, N. Sh. « WITHDRAWAL FROM THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ASPIRATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TÜRKIYE ». International and Political Studies, n^o 35 (10 novembre 2022) : 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-5206.2022.35.263641.

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The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence opened for signature in 2011 in Istanbul, Türkiye, and has been known as the most comprehensive international agreement advocating the prevention, prosecution, and elimination of violence against women and domestic violence. As of September 2022, 44 CoE member states, including all the EU countries, as well as the European Union itself as an international organization, are signatories to the Convention. The 2017 official signing of the Convention by the EU as a whole testified to the acceptance by Brussels of the former’s role as of an authoritative international legal instrument establishing all-European norms in this area. The degree of Türkiye’s involvement in its instrumentalization naturally derives from the international agreement’s unofficial name – the Istanbul Convention. The Republic of Türkiye was the first country to sign the Convention in 2011 with a unanimous vote of the parliament, and later in 2012 expressed its consent to be bound hereby. The decision of President Erdoğan to denounce the international agreement bearing the name of Türkiye’s largest city, adopted in 2021, has caused surprise and concern amid the international political and human rights community. The European Union was no exception; the move has been interpreted as a negative signal in terms of the state’s commitment to its obligations to ensuring the rights of women and girls, as well as guaranteeing basic human rights, democracy, and the rule of law at large, given Türkiye’s status of EU membership candidate. Meanwhile, the so-called Istanbul Convention has not yet passed the ratification procedure in individual EU countries, as well as within the European Union per se. Likewise, the Convention’s international legal stance remains volatile since most participating states have granted it the status as part of national legislation with a number of reservations. This article addresses the following question: whether Türkiye’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention may be considered a demonstrative political message of official Ankara impeding the country’s European integration aspirations.

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Šumskaitė, Lina, et Salome Namicheishvili. « The Social Policy of Combating Domestic Violence in Georgia and Lithuania ». Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 15, n^o 15 (27 juillet 2017) : 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2017.15.10809.

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Domestic violence is perceived as one of the most severe violations of human rights and gender inequality. It has negative psychological, social and economic impact on the victim. In seeking to combat violence of an intimate partner, laws against domestic violence were implemented in many European countries. Two countries, Lithuania and Georgia, are compared in the article. Even if they have different locations and patriarchal traditions, the common past of belonging to Soviet Union unites them.The article compares the political measures and their impact on the solution of the domestic violence problem. Even the laws criminalizing domestic violence were implemented in 2006 in Georgia and in 2011 in Lithuania. The problem of domestic violence remains a top issue in both countries. The amount of reported domestic violence events maintains a high level; however, the investigated cases level remains low. Still, a high level of unreported domestic violence cases remain in both countries. Insufficient shelters for women victims of violence remain a problem in both countries.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Women – Violence against – European Union countries"

Wittmann, Sofia. « WOMEN’S AWARENESS OF LEGISLATION ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACROSS THE EUROPEAN UNION : A SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS OF THE 2012-FRA-VAW SURVEY ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27127.

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Violence against women (VAW) is the most prevalent human rights violation of our time, rooted in women’s unequal status in society. Aim: The present study investigated women´s awareness of preventative and protective legislation on domestic violence and women´s awareness of campaigns against VAW across the EU. Further, it explored how EU state members´ political efforts to combat VAW might affect women´s awareness. It also examined the correlation between gender equality within EU state members and women´s awareness. In addition, the relationship between socio-demographic factors and women´s awareness was examined, including possible affects correlated with states members’ political efforts. Method: A secondary data analysis was conducted with data drawn from the 2012 FRA-VAW Survey, carried out in all 28 EU member states. Results: Results indicated that women across the EU were more aware of protective legislation than preventative regarding domestic violence, and that almost 1 in 2 women were unaware of recent campaigns against VAW in their country of residence. Results indicated that defined legislation and higher levels of gender equality within EU member states were associated with higher levels of awareness among women. Results further suggested that women with socio-demographic characteristics previously associated with inter-partner violence had particularly low awareness. Conclusion: As political and legal norms are required for VAW to be perceived as a crime, an increased emphasis on clear definitions of VAW is essential. Legal definitions of VAW and awareness of legislation are undervalued key factors in societies’ attempts to fulfil the goal of total eradication of VAW.

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RUBIO, GRUNDELL Lucrecia. « The dynamics of securitisation and de-securitisation in the European Union's anti-trafficking policies : the case of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/59797.

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Defence date: 19 November 2018
Examining Board: Prof. Rainer Bauböck, European University Institute (Supervisor) Prof. Donatella Della Porta, Scuola Normale Superiore Prof. Emanuela Lombardo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Prof. Jef Huysmans, Queen Mary, University of London.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the triangular dynamics of securitisation and desecuritisation underpinning the European Union’s policies against trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. Drawing on two main bodies of literature: critical security studies and feminist insights into prostitution and trafficking, it sheds light on the growing tendency of the European Union to conceptualise and address trafficking in women for sexual exploitation as a security issue, and on the distinct and competing approaches that coexist within feminist struggles against such trend, which largely follow the opposing views that structure feminist debates on prostitution: an abolitionist stance that is articulated predominantly from inside the European Union’s institutions and a sex-work approach that is defended mainly from outside. The fundamental contribution this thesis makes is to show that the European Union’s securitising tendency and the abolitionist ideals defended therein are not antithetical but inextricably linked. By means of a Critical Frame Analysis of the Union’s internal security, gender and sexuality and anti-trafficking policies, I show that the evolution of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation as a security issue within the Union’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, and its evolution as a form of violence against women in its gender equality and sexual diversity policies are inextricably linked, and that this link is central to its securitisation. I start from the premise that trafficking in women is securitised by ‘contagion’, that is, by being conceptualised and addressed as an epiphenomenon of organised crime, irregular migration and prostitution. The key mechanism enabling this ‘contagion’ in the European Union is spillover of the internal market into a project of internal security; a spillover that is itself the result of a process of securitisation in which terrorism, organised crime and irregular migration are linked and depicted as threats to the internal security of the Union. The inclusion of human trafficking as a form of organised crime and irregular immigration in such a continuum is, therefore, what allows trafficking in women for sexual exploitation to be securitised as a result.

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SOHRAB, Julia Adiba. « Sexing the benefit : women social security and financial independence in EC equality law ». Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4791.

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Livres sur le sujet "Women – Violence against – European Union countries"

Gleichstellung in der erweiterten Europäischen Union : Gender equality in the enlarged European Union. Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2008.

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Donlevy, Victoria. Women in the trade union movement in the countries of the European Union : The new front in the battle for equal opportunities. Brussels : European Interuniversity Press, 1997.

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Defending women's rights in Europe : Gender equality and EU enlargement. Albany : SUNY Press, 2015.

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European Parliament. Committee on Women's Rights. Report on the need to establish a European Union wide campaign for zero tolerance of violence against women. [Luxembourg] : European Parliament, 1997.

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Forum, Europe of Cultures, dir. Féminisme et multiculturalisme : Les paradoxes du débat. Bruxelles : P. Lang, 2010.

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Wöhl, Stefanie. Mainstreaming Gender ? : Widersprüche europäischer und nationalstaatlicher Geschlechterpolitik. Königstein im Taunus : Helmer, 2007.

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Mainstreaming Gender ? : Widersprüche europäischer und nationalstaatlicher Geschlechterpolitik. Königstein im Taunus : Helmer, 2007.

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Einhorn, Barbara. Citizenship in an enlarging Europe : From dream to awakening. Basingstoke [England] : Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Montoya, Celeste. From Global to Grassroots : The European Union, Transnational Advocacy, and Combating Violence Against Women. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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Montoya, Celeste. From Global to Grassroots : The European Union, Transnational Advocacy, and Combating Violence Against Women. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Women – Violence against – European Union countries"

Michailovič, Ilona, Svetlana Justickaja, Rūta Vaičiūnienė et Joanna Beata Banach-Gutierrez. « Domestic Violence Against Women in Lithuania and Poland : Seeking Adequate Protection of Victims ». Dans European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World, 263–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06998-7_12.

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Argren, Rigmor, Marco Evola, Thomas Giegerich et Ivana Krstić. « The Evolving Recognition of Gender in International and European Law ». Dans Gender-Competent Legal Education, 261–303. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_8.

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AbstractThis chapter explains the development of international and European law from a gender perspective and describes how the process from a gender-neutral to a gender-sensitive approach was developed.Since 1945 and the adoption of the UN Charter, the idea of achieving greater gender equality was merged into many international documents, including the first catalog of women’s rights—Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women. Many principal and subsidiary bodies were established, contributing to the elimination of gender discrimination and to awareness-raising on some critical issues which were an impediment to achieving gender equality. Twenty years ago, UN Security Council Resolution 1325 was adopted, due to a global effort to establish a platform as a foundation to national and international policies to ensure greater protection of women and girls, during and after, armed conflicts. International Humanitarian Law, enshrined in the Geneva Conventions, also has rules that specifically seek to protect women during armed conflicts. Also, International Criminal Law has been developed to recognize extreme forms of sexual violence as international crimes.On the European level, under the auspices of the Council of Europe, several international conventions were adopted to achieve gender equality. One of the main instruments, the European Convention on Human Rights, provides broad protection from discrimination based on gender, established in a comprehensive jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The EU has a set of primary and secondary sources on anti-discrimination, which provides comprehensive protection from gender discrimination and serves as an inspiring model to States candidates and other European countries.

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Maralbaeva, Aliia, et Chiara Pierobon. « Ending Gender-Based Violence in Kyrgyzstan : Reflections on the Spotlight Initiative ». Dans Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, 201–15. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_13.

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AbstractThe Spotlight Initiative (SI) is a new global, multi-year initiative launched by the European Union (EU) in cooperation with the United Nations (UN), with the aim of eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls (VAWG) worldwide. Since 2019, Spotlight has been implemented in Kyrgyzstan, where more than 6.5 million US dollars have been allocated to recipient UN Organizations such as UN Women, UNDP, UNPFA, UNICEF and UNODC for the conduct of activities across the initiative’s six outcome areas. This chapter familiarizes the reader with the phenomenon of domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan and with the major legal and institutional barriers hindering access to justice on behalf of female victims of domestic violence. It then examines how the SI has sought to improve access to justice on behalf of female victims of domestic violence by stimulating ownership of an array of state and non-state actors engaged in addressing domestic violence from a legal perspective. The research uses a mixed-method approach, combining a legal analysis of national legislation, an analysis of 280 court judgements on domestic violence and expert interviews with implementers of the Initiative, as well as policy and legal experts, lawyers and civil society activists engaged in the field of VAWG. The study provides recommendations on how to improve the national legislation concerning domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan as well as the implementation of the Spotlight Initiative in the country and beyond.

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Erdoğan, Seven. « Online Violence Against Women as a Challenge of the Digital Age and the European Union's Role in Combating the Violence Against Women ». Dans Handbook of Research on Digital Violence and Discrimination Studies, 95–113. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9187-1.ch005.

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With the advances in technology, the online aspects of life have been enhanced significantly in the digital age. Online opportunities have equipped people with many new opportunities, but they have also brought about many new challenges difficult to overcome, especially with the emergence of online versions of the widespread offline problems. This chapter elaborates on the online violence against women as one of the challenges of the digital world. In this scope, online violence against women is examined both as a concept and as a phenomenon. In addition, the European Union is covered in the study as an actor coping with the violence against women with all of its versions with a special emphasis over the online forms getting more common. The study argues that as the level of digitalization increases, it will be more likely to meet with the unwanted consequences of the advanced technologies, like the online violence against women.

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Keenan, Marie. « International policy drivers and contexts ». Dans Sexual Violence and Restorative Justice, 86—C3.P57. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858638.003.0004.

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Abstract An examination of recent international policy developments and instruments are pertinent to any discussion of sexual violence and restorative justice. This chapter examines these developments. The European Union (EU) 2012 Victims Directive on victims’ rights, supports and protections as it pertains to restorative justice anchors the chapter. It then examines the Council of Europe Convention (The Istanbul Convention) (2011), on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, which was established to protect women against all forms of violence, and prevent, prosecute, and eliminate violence against women. The Istanbul Convention is often invoked as a barrier to restorative justice in response to sexual and gender based violent crime. The Council of Europe Recommendation CM/Rec (2018)8 concerning restorative justice in criminal matters, the Milquet Report (2019) on compensation for victims, the European Strategy on Victims’ Rights 2020–2025 and UN developments on restorative justice are also analysed in this chapter. These instruments shed light on the international ‘mind’.

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Jereb, Karmen, Aleksander Koropec Oberčkal, Kaja Prislan, Boštjan Slak et Branko Lobnikar. « Frontline Response to Domestic Violence in Slovenia ». Dans Improving Frontline Responses to Domestic Violence in Europe. University of Maribor, University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-543-6.15.

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In Slovenia, domestic violence is a common social problem that infringes upon fundamental human rights. Results of a European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey from 2014 showed that, after the age of 15, 22 % of Slovenian women had experienced physical and/or sexual violence, which is 11 % lower than for the EU overall. The European Institute for Gender Equality, in their report from 2017, estimated that the cost of intimate partner violence against women in Slovenia could amount to EUR 440 million annually. Violence against women continues to be underreported and stigmatised. The Slovenian police are one of the main front-line responders that react to domestic violence incidents. A comprehensive protocol is set in place that enables the police to react as effectively as possible. Interinstitutional cooperation is also available to deal with a case of violence in a multidisciplinary team treating domestic violence. Despite the national policy on preventing and eliminating domestic violence, raising public awareness about it, allocating resources to education and training initiatives, an intervention programme for perpetrators, as well as a coordinated system for providing victim assistance – some deficiencies remain in the implementation of these policies.

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Whitfield, Louise. « Using the law to challenge gender based violence in university communities ». Dans Gender Based Violence in University Communities, 149–68. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336570.003.0008.

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This chapter considers the progressive potential of the existing legal frameworks, such as human rights and equality legislation, to challenge gender based violence (GBV) in university communities. It first highlights the limitations of existing university responses to sexual violence against students before explaining how the existing law could be used more to protect and provide justice for survivors of GBV, as well as bring about much-needed change in the accountability of universities and respect for women's rights. These laws include the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Equality Act 2010 in the UK, European and international law and instruments such as the Istanbul Convention, the European Union Victims' Directive, and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The chapter also examines how those laws have been used in action by individuals and campaigning groups to improve university approaches.

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Shehzad Bhamani, Shireen, Ambreen Merchant, Zohra Asif Jetha et Tazeen Saeed Ali. « Social Aspects of Violence : Cultural Dowry Practices and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Pakistan ». Dans Multiculturalism and Interculturalism [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109403.

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Dowry is a transfer of materialistic goods or money from bride’s parents to bridegroom family at the time of marriage. However, as dowry demand rises, it has a significant detrimental impact on the lives of women. This chapter discusses the history of dowry and its practices, the positive and negative impact, and policy implications. The keywords used for this search were: “Dowry AND Pakistan,” “Pakistan culture AND Violence against women,” “social aspects AND Dowry practices,” and “Intimate-partner violence AND Pakistan.” To ensure that readers would receive valid information on the subject, authors searched from reliable engines. Dowry is a common tradition, particularly in South Asian countries. It is originated from Hindu culture, but later adopted and practiced by other Islamic and European-American nations. Though it provides an opportunity for women to get their share of pre-mortem inheritance from their parent’s property. However, it may be the leading cause of violence and abuse that poses an enormous burden on the brides. Violence prevention is achievable, but it requires efforts by the government, health institutions, and civil society. This is an additional contribution by the authors to raise awareness regarding “Dowry,” which is one of the preventable predictors of violence.

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Soņeca, Viktorija. « Stambulas konvencijas ratificēšana Eiropas Savienības personā pretēji visu Eiropas Savienības dalībvalstu piekrišanai ». Dans Tiesības un tiesiskā vide mainīgos apstākļos, 309–19. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.79.34.

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In the words of the Venice Commission, “[t]he added value of the Istanbul Convention [..] is that it is the first European instrument to deal with violence against women and domestic violence in a comprehensive manner. It introduces new provisions requiring a specific institutional setup [..] and foresees concrete prevention measures [..]; protection measures [..] and – under substantive law – civil, administrative and criminal law measures, as well as procedural safeguards for victims. It is also the first European instrument that links these phenomena expressly to harmful gender stereotypes.” However, accession to the Istanbul Convention has provided the backdrop for considerable tension both amongst the Member States and in the European Union. On the one hand, the participation of the former has been characterized by divergent approaches, tensions and controversy. On the other hand, there has been an inter-institutional conflict about the signature and conclusion of the Istanbul Convention on behalf of the European Union. This conflict is about everything a European Union external relations lawyer would like to talk about, namely, competences, procedure, and political disagreement. At the time of writing, these issues are examined by the European Court of Justice after the European Parliament requested an opinion under Article 218(11) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

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Sundstrom, Lisa McIntosh, Valerie Sperling et Melike Sayoglu. « Gender Discrimination Cases at the European Court of Human Rights : Why So Few ? » Dans Courting Gender Justice, 1–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932831.003.0001.

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Over the past two decades, Russian citizens whose rights have been violated at home have appealed tens of thousands of cases to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), which rules on the basis of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). But only three of the Russian cases that have reached a judgment from the ECtHR have included gender discrimination claims, and all three of these cases were brought by men, not women. This chapter briefly discusses the domestic and international barriers to bringing gender discrimination complaints to Russian courts and to the ECtHR. The chapter also introduces our cross-national and cross-issue comparison cases: discrimination against women in Turkey, and against the LGBT community in Russia and Turkey, and court cases on these issues in Russia, Turkey, and at the ECtHR. The chapter includes our methodology (a description of our research process and our interviewees in both countries) and a brief explanation of how the ECtHR works. The chapter summarizes our findings as to what enables legal victories in domestic and international courts on gender discrimination cases: activism requires activists; winning cases requires legal expertise on discrimination cases (which is often lacking); winning discrimination cases requires systematic data proving a pattern of bias; winning cases is contagious, in that winning a legal victory on one issue (such as domestic violence) leads to further legal victories on that issue. Chapter 1 also includes summaries of the rest of the book’s chapters.

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