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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Women – Spain – Social conditions »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Women – Spain – Social conditions"

González-Juárez, Liliana, Ana Lucía Noreña-Peña et Luis Cibanal-Juan. « Immigration experience of Latin American working women in Alicante, Spain : an ethnographic study ». Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, n^o 5 (octobre 2014) : 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3559.2490.

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OBJECTIVE: to describe the experience of Latin American working women regarding immigration, taking into account the expectations and conditions in which this process takes place.METHOD: ethnographic qualitative study. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews with 24 Latin American immigrant women in Spain. The information collected was triangulated through two focal groups.RESULTS: the expectations of migrant women focus on improving family living conditions. Social support is essential for their settling and to perform daily life activities. They declare they have adapted to the settlement country, although they live with stress. They perceive they have greater sexual freedom and power with their partners but keep greater responsibility in childcare, combining that with the role of working woman.CONCLUSIONS: migrant women play a key role in the survival of households, they build and create new meanings about being a woman, their understanding of life, their social and couple relationships. Such importance is shaped by their expectations and the conditions in which the migration process takes place, as well as their work integration.

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Oso, Laura. « Transnational Social Mobility Strategies and Quality of Work among Latin-American Women Sex Workers in Spain ». Sociological Research Online 21, n^o 4 (novembre 2016) : 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4129.

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The aim of this article is to analyse the quality of work of two of the main types of female sex work in Spain (clubs and in-call flats). In order to do so I will focus on the following working dimensions: wages, power relations, skills, alienation, health, violence, work life and stigma. Firstly, the article seeks to highlight the structural factors that condition the quality of work of Latin American female sex workers in Spain. These factors are closely connected to policies regarding migration and sex work, which foment irregular work arrangements (undocumented migrants and informal workers). Secondly, I analyse entry formats (indebted or autonomous migration) and how they impact on working conditions. Thirdly, the article considers the migrant women's work choices and the resulting living and working conditions they may encounter. I intend to show that Latin American women sex workers in Spain might opt for a certain type of work within the context of strategic decisions, as linked to their migratory and social mobility projects. These decisions have a family and a transnational scope (country of origin, country of destination). The analysis presented is based on qualitative fieldwork (semi-structured interviews) carried out in Galicia (north-west Spain).

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Briones-Vozmediano, Erica, Natalia Rivas-Quarneti, Montserrat Gea-Sánchez, Andreu Bover-Bover, Maria Antonia Carbonero et Denise Gastaldo. « The Health Consequences of Neocolonialism for Latin American Immigrant Women Working as Caregivers in Spain : A Multisite Qualitative Analysis ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 21 (9 novembre 2020) : 8278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218278.

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In Spain, most jobs available for Latin American immigrant women are in intimate labour (caregiving and domestic work). This work is usually performed under informal employment conditions. The objective of this study was to explain how the colonial logic mediates the experiences of Latin American women working in intimate labour in Spain, and the effects of such occupation on their health and wellbeing, using a decolonial theoretical framework. A multi-site secondary data analysis of qualitative data from four previous studies was performed utilizing 101 interviews with Latin American immigrant women working as caregivers in Spain. Three interwoven categories show how the dominant colonial logic in Spain creates low social status and precarious jobs, and naturalizes intimate labour as their métier while producing detrimental physical and psychosocial health consequences for these immigrant caregivers. The caregivers displayed several strategies to resist and navigate intimate labour and manage its negative impact on health. Respect and integration into the family for whom they work had a buffering effect, mediating the effects of working conditions on health and wellbeing. Based on our analysis, we suggest that employment, social, and health protection laws and strategies are needed to promote a positive working environment, and to reduce the impact of caregiving work for Latin American caregivers.

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Solanas, Judith, Ingrid Hinojosa-Alcalde, Anna Vilanova et Susanna Soler. « Is Sport Coaching a Social Sustainable Profession for Women ? Analysing the Experiences of Women Coaches in Spain ». Sustainability 14, n^o 13 (27 juin 2022) : 7846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137846.

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While there are several studies showing the importance of social sustainability in different settings (e.g., Democracy and Governance: the Role of Sport Governing Bodies, urban planning, architecture) there is a lack of studies investigating social sustainability in the sports coaching profession, and even less research has specifically addressed women coaches. Using Barron and Gauntlett’s model of social sustainability (2002), the purpose of this study was to analyze the women coaches’ experiences of their profession and the extent to which it is a sustainable livelihood for women coaches. Semi-structured interviews with 20 women coaches were conducted from a variety of sports and performance levels. From a social sustainability perspective, the women coaches’ experiences were analyzed using Barron and Gauntlett’s principles of equity, diversity, interconnectedness, and democracy and governance to ascertain their quality of life. Our findings reveal that women coaches face multiple barriers and difficult working conditions in their profession, yet they continue to be committed to coaching largely because of the strong positive interpersonal relationships and social interactions they have with their sporting community. This study shines a light on the extent to which coaching is a livable and sustainable profession for women coaches today and highlights the importance of considering social sustainability principles to improve the experiences of women in the sports coaching profession.

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Borderías, Cristina. « Conflict over Women’s Working Times on the Eve of Industrialisation : Spanish Social Reformers’ Surveys at the End of the Nineteenth Century ». Historical Review/La Revue Historique 15, n^o 1 (20 mai 2019) : 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.20443.

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During the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Spain experienced growing social instability. The worsening working conditions stimulated social conflict and the rise of the labour movement. In this context, the first voices in favour of state intervention in conflicts between capital and labour arose among the reformist intellectual elite. One of the first social policy measures undertaken by the state was the creation, in 1883, of the Comisión de Reformas Sociales (Commission for Social Reforms, CRS) as a consultative and advisory institution of the government on social issues. Under the influence of positivist methods of empirical sociology, the commission’s first initiative was to conduct a survey with the objective of undertaking a detailed diagnosis of the living conditions of the working population. Changing gender relations in the family and labour market, especially the conflicts over the use of women’s time, was one of the central questions in this survey. Thus, its results allow us to analyse both the discourses – by social reformers and other social groups – and the social practices of women at work in different sectors and in different parts of Spain.

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Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza, Tomàs López-Jiménez, Laura Medina-Perucha, Jeroen de Bont, Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves, Talita Duarte-Salles et Anna Berenguera. « Gender-based approach on the social impact and mental health in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown : a cross-sectional study ». BMJ Open 10, n^o 11 (novembre 2020) : e044617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044617.

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ObjectiveLockdown has impacts on people’s living conditions and mental health. The study aims to assess the relations between social impact and mental health among adults living in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown measures, taking a gender-based approach into account.Design, setting and participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain during the lockdown of COVID-19 with an online survey from 8 April to 28 May 2020. The main variable was mental health measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Sex-stratified multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between social impact variables, anxiety and depression.ResultsA total of 7053 people completed this survey. A total of 31.2% of women and 17.7% of men reported anxiety. Depression levels were reported in 28.5% of women and 16.7% of men. A higher proportion of anxiety and depression levels was found in the younger population (18–35 years), especially in women. Poorer mental health was mainly related to fear of COVID-19 infection, with higher anxiety levels especially in women (adjusted ordinal OR (aOR): 4.23, 95% CI 3.68 to 4.87) and worsened economy with higher levels of depression in women (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.84), and perceived inadequate housing to cope with lockdown was especially associated with anxiety in men (aOR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.44).ConclusionThe social impact of the lockdown is related to gender, age and socioeconomic conditions. Women and young people had worse mental health outcomes during lockdown. It is urgent to establish strategies for public health emergencies that include mental health and its determinants, taking a gender-based approach into account, in order to reduce health inequities.

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Cabasés, M. Àngels, et Miquel Úbeda. « Young Women, Employment and Precarity : The Face of Two Periods of Crisis in Spain (2008–2021) ». Social Sciences 11, n^o 6 (17 juin 2022) : 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060264.

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Youth employment in Spain is characterised by temporary contracts, part-time jobs, and low wages, a long-standing situation that has been further accentuated since the 2008 crisis, placing young people, especially women, in a position of vulnerability at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through different data, this article argues that young women’s working conditions have deteriorated in comparison to those of previous generations and young men, in a period in which there have been two crises that have affected youth employment. Linking the results with the main youth employment policies allows us to observe why the precarisation of Spanish youth has not been stopped.

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Suárez-Ortega, Magdalena. « Across gender. Work situations of Rural Women in the South of Spain ». Qualitative Research in Education 5, n^o 1 (28 février 2016) : 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2015.1814.

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Even though undeniable social changes such as gender discrimination have occurred, the forms of access to public education and employment, as well as the conditions under which these jobs are carried out, are often loaded with sexist biases.Using the biographical-narrative method and a combination of techniques and strategies for gathering and analysing information, the current paper presents an empirical longitudinal study examining the labour situation of rural women who participate in different employment -professional and guidance- training activities. The women´s perceptions and interpretations of their training and professional situations wereanalysed, as well as their opportunities related to finding a job when they completed their education. Additionally, this study examined the extent to which the public services for employment training were adequate andfunctionalfor women regarding whether these services achieved their anticipated aims.We concluded gender inequalities on the employment situation of women, and the importance of implementing urgent measures to fight against the employment crisis from an equality way.

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Addabbo, Tindara, Rosa María García-Fernández, Carmen María Llorca-Rodríguez et Anna Maccagnan. « Labor force heterogeneity and wage polarization : Italy and Spain ». Journal of Economic Studies 45, n^o 5 (8 octobre 2018) : 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2017-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the change in the Italian and Spanish wage polarization degree in a time of economic crisis, taking into account the factors affecting labor force heterogeneity. Gender differences in the evolution of social fractures are considered by carrying out the analysis separately for males and females. Design/methodology/approach The approach by Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández (2012) on polarization is applied to the microdata provided by the EU Living Conditions Surveys (2007, 2010 and 2012). According to Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández’s approach, polarization is generated by two tendencies that contribute to the generation of social tension: the homogeneity or cohesion within group and the heterogeneity between groups. The following labor force characteristics are considered: gender, level of education, type of contract, occupational status and job status. Findings The results for Italy reveal a higher increase of polarization for women than for men from the perspective of the type of contract. In Spain, the wage polarization of women also increases more intensively compared to men from the perspectives of level of education, job status and occupational status, while in Italy the reduction of the wage polarization index by level of education can be related, above all, to an increase in overqualification of women. Originality/value While the empirical literature on polarization has made considerable investigation into employment and job polarization, this paper explores the rather less explored matter of wage polarization. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the impact on polarization of the Great Recession.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Women – Spain – Social conditions"

Gea, Sánchez Montserrat. « The Law of the State against the Law of Nurses : a study on the access to and utilization of health and social services by undocumented immigrant women in Spain ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382632.

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OBJECTIVE. To explore the access to and utilization of health and social services by immigrant undocumented women in Spain from the perspective of several actors. METHODOLOGY. A systematic review of scientific literature (Study I); qualitative inquiry involving personal interviews with 7 midwives of a rural area of Segovia (Study II) and 12 immigrant undocumented women working and living in Lleida (Study III); and Critical Discourse Analysis of the Health Law and Ethic Codes of Nurses (Study IV). RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS There is a knowledge gap in scientific literature in Spain regarding access and utilization of social and health services specifically oriented to undocumented immigrant women. Immigrant undocumented women underutilize social and health care services -including the service of midwifery- due to reasons linked to poor working conditions and specific barriers for being immigrant undocumented women. Nurses suffer a mismatch between their ethical and professional commitment and the application of the general law.
OBJETIVO. Explorar el acceso y utilización de las mujeres inmigrantes indocumentadas de los servicios sociales y de salud en España desde distintas perspectivas. METODOLOGÍA. Revisión de alcance de la literatura científica (Estudio I); metodología cualitativa mediante entrevistas personales a 7 matronas de un área rural de Segovia (Estudio II) y 12 inmigrantes indocumentadas en Lleida (Estudio III); y Análisis Crítico del Discurso de la Ley sanitaria y los Códigos Éticos enfermeros (Estudio IV). RESULTADOS/CONCLUSIONES. En la literatura científica no hay estudios sobre el acceso y utilización de los servicios sociales y de salud específicos con mujeres inmigrantes indocumentadas en España. Estas mujeres infrautilizan los servicios de sociales y de salud, incluyendo los servicios de matronería, debido a unas condiciones laborales precarias y a barreras específicas por ser mujeres inmigrantes indocumentadas. Las enfermeras se enfrentan a un dilema entre su compromiso ético y profesional y la aplicación de la ley sanitaria.
OBJECTIU. Explorar l’accés i ús que fan dels serveis socials i de salut les dones immigrants indocumentades en Espanya des de diverses perspectives. METODOLOGIA. Revisió d’abast de la literatura científica (Estudi I); metodologia qualitativa amb entrevistes personals a 7 llevadores d´una àrea rural de Segovia (Estudi II) i 12 dones immigrants indocumentades a Lleida (Estudi III); i Anàlisi Crític del Discurs de la Llei sanitària i els Codis Ètics infermers (Estudi IV). RESULTATS/CONCLUSIONS. En la literatura científica no hi ha estudis sobre l´accés i utilització dels serveis socials i de salut específics amb dones immigrants indocumentades a Espanya. Aquestes dones infrautilitzen els serveis socials i de salut, incloent els serveis de llevadora, per raó d´unes condicions laborals precàries i per enfrontar-se a barreres específiques vinculades a ser dones immigrants indocumentades. Les infermeres tenen que triar entre el seu compromís ètic i professional o l´aplicació de la llei sanitària.

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Hoover, Douglas Pearson. « Women in nineteenth-century Pullman ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.

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Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.

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潘星薇 et Sing-mei Pun. « Controlling women : sexuality, imperialism andpower ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951727.

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Pink, Sarah. « Women in the 'world of bullfighting' : gender identity and social change in Andalusia, Spain ». Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308831.

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Burton, Erika del Pilar. « Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference ? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.

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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.

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Lambert, Heather. « An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in Ghana ». Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217377.

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This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality.
Department of Anthropology

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Pang, Susan McPhail. « Industrialization and the changing status of women in society : a comparison of Japan and Thailand / ». Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12754547.

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Seger, Karen Elizabeth 1939. « WOMEN AND CHANGE IN THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC : A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE (MIDDLE EAST, AGRICULTURE, EMIGRATION, WORKROLES, DEVELOPMENT) ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291263.

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Yip, Pui-wah, et 葉佩華. « A study of True Light Middle School's pioneering work in women's education, 1872-1949 ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951582.

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鄭秀儀 et Sau-yi Joan Cheng. « Women in China and Japan from the late 19th century to the 1930s ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574821.

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Livres sur le sujet "Women – Spain – Social conditions"

Women in Spain. Manchester [England] : Manchester University Press, 1997.

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S, Sánchez Magdalena, et Saint-Saëns Alain, dir. Spanish women in the golden age : Images and realities. Westport, Conn : Greenwood Press, 1996.

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Guzmán, Victoria Pérez de, et Encarna Bas-Peña. Gender issues in Latin America and Spain : Multidisciplinary perspectives. New York, NY : Peter Lang Publishing, 2019.

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Haidt, Rebecca. Women, work and clothing in eighteenth-century Spain. Oxford : Voltaire Foundation, 2011.

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Gaite, Carmen Martín. Courtship customs in postwar Spain. Lewisburg, PA : Bucknell University Press, 2004.

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The emerging female citizen : Gender and enlightenment in Spain. Berkeley : University of California Press, 2005.

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Women and authority in early modern Spain : The peasants of Galicia. New York : Oxford University Press, 2005.

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1944-, Enders Victoria Lorée, et Radcliff Pamela Beth, dir. Constructing Spanish womanhood : Female identity in modern Spain. Albany, N.Y : State Univesity of New York Press, 1999.

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Rosander, Eva Evers. Women in a borderland : Managing Muslim identity where Morocco meets Spain. Stockholm, Sweden : Dept. of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 1991.

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Kitts, Sally-Ann. The debate on the nature, role, and influence of woman in eighteenth-century Spain. Lewiston, N.Y. USA : E. Mellen Press, 1995.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Women – Spain – Social conditions"

Jarty, Julie, et Karina Batthyány. « Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe ». Dans Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.

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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).

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Carr-Hill, Roy A. « The status of women ». Dans Social Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa, 156–76. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377172_13.

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Vendramin, Patricia. « Sustainable Work in an Ageing Perspective, Gender and Working Life Course ». Dans Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes, 115–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_7.

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AbstractThis chapter develops a gender perspective on older workers’ working life courses and yields a contrasting picture of ageing at work. If gender disparities are the outcome of widely differing work situations for women and men they are also influenced by the unequal distribution of domestic work and the tasks of caring both for older and younger generations. Men and women’s working life courses and trajectories are embedded in institutionalized pathways and normative patterns. They participate in the world of work with specific position and defined social role. The chapter shows how working trajectories impact on health among the over-50s, and changing workforce exit norms. Finally, it points out the need to take account of gender-differential career and non-career paths and to redress the inequalities and injustices in this area. The analytical framework of this chapter relies on the concept of sustainable work considered from a life span perspective. The analysis uses data of the last wave of the European working conditions survey (2015).

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Román, Sonsoles San. « Professional Identities of Teachers during the Social Transformation toward Democracy in Spain ». Dans Women and Teaching, 23–50. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403984371_2.

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Urbano, David, Elisabeth Ferri, Claudia Alvarez et Maria Noguera. « Social Entrepreneurship and Institutional Conditions : An Empirical Analysis in Spain ». Dans Social Entrepreneurship in Non-Profit and Profit Sectors, 53–64. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50850-4_4.

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Moré, Paloma, et Raquel Martínez. « The growth of precarious employment for women in the care work sector during the COVID-19 pandemic ». Dans COVID-19 and Social Change in Spain, 115–27. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003281719-12.

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Moreno-Fuentes, Francisco Javier. « Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Spain ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 405–20. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_27.

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Abstract From traditional country of emigration, Spain became a country of immigration in a relatively short period, practically catching up with the rest of Western European countries in terms of percentage of population of foreign origin by 2010. The hybrid nature of its welfare regime, a combination of social insurance schemes and universalistic programs, determined the eligibility of foreign populations to each specific social protection scheme. In basic terms, foreigners can access Spanish social protection schemes through their participation in the labour market (for social insurance programs), and their residence in Spanish territory (for schemes based on a universalistic logic). The international agreements signed by Spain are a key aspect as well in determining welfare entitlements for foreigners, particularly in the case of nationals from other EU member states and Latin America. The strong reliance on contributory schemes, and the significant role played by the underground economy, leave economic migrants (particularly undocumented ones) without much social protection. The economic crisis initiated in 2008 implied an increase in immigrants’ vulnerability, but their actual welfare take-up decreased due to their more limited access to the formal labour market, and the restrictive conditions of targeted social assistance schemes.

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Afsar, Md, et Suman Kumari. « Women Journalists in India’s Rural Areas : Social and Economic Conditions ». Dans Techno-Societal 2020, 1107–15. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_105.

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Sek-Hong, Ng, et Victor Fung-Shuen Sit. « Women and Young Workers, Subcontract Labour and Homeworkers, and “Social Wages” ». Dans Labour Relations and Labour Conditions in Hong Kong, 157–89. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10822-0_7.

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Martínez García, José Saturnino, Eriikka Oinonen, Rafael Merino et Graziela Perosa. « Education and Inequality in Finland, Spain and Brazil ». Dans Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 105–40. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_4.

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AbstractFinland, Spain and Brazil are three very internally complex and heterogeneous realities, with contradictions and permanent reforms to their education systems. In a first quantitative approach each country can be placed in a continuum of the education system that goes from most successful in terms of reaching a high level of education all across the population, in conditions of equity and facilitating youths’ incorporation into the labour market, to least successful, with Finland and Brazil occupying either end of the spectrum respectively and Spain occupying an intermediate situation. Although there are differences, they share certain tensions in their respective education systems. On the one hand, about the conception of education, ranging from more utilitarian, human capital theories, to the more humanist and civic-minded perspective. On the other hand, the challenge of comprehensiveness between an academic and a vocational path. In addition, there is also the challenge of improving the education level of the population while also improving equality. The tensions differ from country to country, since their education traditions and cooperation and conflict strategies between the education agents, with varying levels of resources and different alliances with political actors vary, as does the social consensus.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Women – Spain – Social conditions"

Iñiguez, Mª José Itati, et Alejandra Vives. « O12-3 Social class, working conditions and occupational health in argentina : analysis of the first national working conditions survey ». Dans Occupational Health : Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.64.

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Shinde, Ratnendra R., Swati Iyer et Yashovardhan Kabra. « P329 Occupational risk with social implications – a case study of women rag pickers in an indian metropolitan city ». Dans Occupational Health : Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.644.

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Roca-Barceló, Aina, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Raquel Comas, Loreto Vilardell et Marc Sáez. « 3 Social inequities in the risk of death for women diagnosed with an invasive breast cancer in the girona province, spain ». Dans ISEE Young 2018, Early Career Researchers Conference on Environmental Epidemiology – Together for a Healthy Environment, 19–20 March 2018, Freising, Germany. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-iseeabstracts.63.

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Stock, Susan, Hicham Raïq, Nektaria Nicolakakis et Karen Messing. « O37-2 Towards understanding relations among social inequalities, gender and working conditions associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders ». Dans Occupational Health : Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.189.

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Mehlum, Ingrid Sivesind, Karina Corbett, Jon Michael Gran et Petter Kristensen. « O12-1 Do psychosocial working conditions mediate social inequalities in musculoskeletal and psychiatric sickness absence in a life-course perspective ? » Dans Occupational Health : Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.62.

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Xi, Xingxuan, Huixian Zhang et Lei Meng. « Investigation on the Effects of Maternity Support Conditions on Reproductive Behavior of Women of Childbearing Age in Beijing ». Dans 2017 International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmess-17.2017.102.

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Panok, Vitalii, et Iryna Tkachuk. « Social-Psychological problems of pedagogues in conditions pandemic of COVID-19 ». Dans National Events on WMHD in Ukraine. N-DSA-N, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/nmhdup2021.4.

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Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic may have hit the education industry the hardest, but the socio-psychological effects of quarantine are still poorly understood. A group of scientists from the Ukrainian SMC of practical psychology and social work of the NAES of Ukraine has conducted a study of the socio-psychological problems that have arisen for teaching staff of general secondary education establishments in the context of the pandemic. Purpose. The research was carried out during the implementation of the scientific topic «Overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the activities of the psychological service of the educational system» on the order of the National Research Fund of Ukraine. Design\approach\methodology. The study was conducted by interviewing educators through Google forms. Most of the questions contained a 10-step scale. In processing the data, all respondents’ answers were grouped into 5 categories: "yes", "more likely to", "more likely not", "no", "don’t know/it’s hard to say". The survey was attended by 3,209 teaching staff from general secondary education institutions from all regions of Ukraine, 45% from urban areas, 55% from rural areas; among which 92% were women and 8% were men. Results. Among the results, researchers highlighted the difficulties and fears of educators caused by the pandemic. The fears and complexities of the profession were distributed as follows. 1. The fear of getting infected (infecting family members) is common to 78.2% of the surveyed. 40.9% of the interviewed felt this fear to the greatest extent. However, 9.3% found those fears irrelevant. 2. Problems associated with the use of ICT in educational activities (lack of competence) — 53.2%. Among those, 22.2% have major difficulties and 31% have minor difficulties. Only 15.7% consider themselves fully competent. 3. 73% of educators noted difficulties in involving children in distance learning. This was the main problem for 12.8% of respondents. 4. «It is difficult to adhere to all anti-epidemic requirements in an educational institution to protect students» — 69.5% stated that this is one of the most significant problems of professional activity. 5. Emotional exhaustion, loss of emotional balance, excessive fatigue. 58.7% said that the problem was significant, of which almost 18% said it was very significant. 6. 51.1% of respondents indicated that they were unable to communicate with students' parents regarding monitoring the quality of their students' knowledge. Of these, 8.7% rated it with the highest score. 7. Health related difficulties (consequential of COVID-19). 31.2% of educators consider this problem to be relevant, while 8.9% rated it as very relevant. 30.4% of those interviewed denied the existence of such a problem. Conclusions Taking into account the results of the study, the most relevant areas in the work of the psychologists in the educational system are the following: ● prevention among educators and students of the COVID-bullying; ● working with negative emotional states of participants in the educational process and increasing their stress tolerance; ● providing socio-educational assistance to children and families in difficult life situations, and forming positive life prospects. Keywords. COVID-19 pandemic; pedagogues; social-psychological problems; fear of getting infected; emotional exhaustion

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Arias Casals, Helena, Mariona Badenas Agustí, Carla Conejo González, Laia Ribas Cabezas, Ariadna Farrés Basiana, Núria Jar, Neus Sabaté Vizcarra, Cesca Cufí Prat et Anna Bach Valls. « Hypatia I : a multi-generational and multi-disciplinary crew of female analog astronauts dedicated to space research, scientific outreach, and promotion of female role models in space careers ». Dans Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.059.

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The low representation of women (~33%) in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers is extremely concerning and cultivates male-dominant cultures across a variety of academic and professional disciplines. In Spain, only 39% of national projects are led by women, thus evidencing the so-called “leaking pipeline”, that is, the tendency of women and other underrepresented groups to eventually abandon STEM-related fields. This social disequilibrium is particularly strong in the international space sector, where women represent less than ~20% of the workforce. The Hypatia I mission —a multi-generational and multi-disciplinary crew of 9 female scientists— seeks to help address this problem. In April 2023, the Hypatia I crew will participate in a two-week Martian analog mission at the Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, United States) with the goal of (i) performing high-quality space-related research in a simulation environment, (ii) conducting outreach and science communication activities, and most importantly, (iii) promoting female role models in STEM-related fields and inspiring future generations of scientists, particularly young girls interested in space careers

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« EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SAMPLE OF PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE FROM THE PSYCHIATRIC CARE UNIT OF THE SOCIAL AFFAIRS SERVICE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA ». Dans 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p019v.

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Introduction: University life presents changes and challenges that may affect the mental health of its community and be the onset of substance use. Aim: To study epidemiological characteristics in our sample to help to improve prevention and treatment for mental health problems related to substance use. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study is based on a sample of 49 people, 37 women and 12 men, members of the university community. A database was designed with clinical information about psychiatric patients obtained from the interview and entry sheets during the first visit. Results: 53,1% of the sample confirmed substance use. The mean age of patients was 22,35 years and 69,2% of them were women and 30,8% were men. Alcohol was the main used substance (80,8%), followed by tobacco (57,7%) and cannabis (30,8%). Most patients were from other provinces of Spain different from Salamanca (57,7%). Law and Social Sciences (38,5%) and Health Sciences (26,9%) were the most frequent academic fields. The main contact method was self-consultation (76,9%) and in most cases (46,2%) the reason of the consultation was not specific. After the interview, the main diagnosis impressions were major depressive disorder (19,2%), anxiety disorder (15,3%) and prodromal symptoms of psychosis (15,4%). Most of the patients were treated with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (42,3%). Conclusion: We should consider the possible impact of substance use in our patient’s mental health and take account of it when choosing their treatment. We should continue studying epidemiological characteristics to help to improve prevention measures and treatments in the future.

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Alvarez-Huerta, Paula, Iñaki Larrea, Alexander Muela et José Ramón Vitoria. « Self-efficacy in first-year university students : a descriptive study ». Dans Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9226.

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The study and analysis of the self-efficacy beliefs of students has become an important line of educational research. The purpose of this study, conducted at the University of Mondragon (Spain), is to explore the different perceptions concerning the creative and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students on their entrance to university. Results revealed clear patterns with regards to discipline and gender. Students commencing their degrees in social sciences show lower creative and entrepreneurial self-efficacy perceptions than their peers in other disciplines. Women show lower scores than men across different disciplines with the exception of women commencing engineering studies. Self-efficacy has been related to student motivation and learning and has been found influential in the choice of the professional career. The high significance of this construct in education makes the results of this study have clear implications for the development of learning environments that address the differences found between gender and disciplines. Directions for future research are also indicated.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Women – Spain – Social conditions"

Oosterhoff, Pauline, Karen Snyder et Neelam Sharma. Nepali Women at Risk from Misguided Anti-Trafficking Strategies. Institute of Development Studies, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.073.

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There are burgeoning hospitality, entertainment, and wellness industries in Nepal. The label ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’, used in anti-trafficking efforts, has resulted in stigmatisation of the owners and, mainly female, workers of some businesses in these industries. Labour intermediaries, who help businesses get employees and workers find jobs, are a critical and often misrepresented part of these informal industries. Women are stuck with few options for safe employment in Nepal or foreign labour migration. Supporting the easy registration and monitoring of these businesses and social protection will improve Nepal’s economy and enhance working conditions.

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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha et Amruth Kiran. Employer Practices and Perceptions on Paid Domestic Work : Recruitment, Employment Relationships, and Social Protection. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/epppdwrersp11.2022.

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The key question of this study is to ask: What are the beliefs, motivations, and perceptions of employers toward recruitment, employment conditions, and social protection for domestic workers?We draw from personal interviews with 403 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This Executive Summary outlines key findings and implications.

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Xourafi, Lydia, Polyxeni Sardi et Anastasia Kostaki. Exploring psychological vulnerability and responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.5.

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This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece during the general lockdown period. Specifically, depression, anxiety and stress scores, as well as the factors associated with vulnerability to developing mental health conditions during this period, were investigated. A total of 911 adults participated in an online survey by completing a self-reporting questionnaire that included demographic questions, DASS-42 items (anxiety, stress and depression scales) and other questions related to personal experience. Regression modelling uncovered a significant relationship between gender and DASS scores, with women having significantly higher scores than men for all mental health problems. Participants aged 20–39 years were especially vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. Unemployed participants reported having worse mental health than others. Having more perceived psychosocial support during the pandemic was associated with lower overall scores. Thus, women, young adults and the unemployed exhibited particularly high levels of vulnerability, while individuals who received social support from relatives and friends during the lockdown were more resilient to the effects of social isolation.

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O’Reilly, Jacqueline, et Rachel Verdin. Measuring the size, characteristics and consequences of digital work. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/whfq8202.

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This working paper provides a summary assessment of the existing literature and data on digital forms of employment internationally. It illustrates the variability in how it is defined, how it is growing and what kind of risks are associated with these developments. Evaluation of these types of jobs is divided. On one hand, optimists point to the attractions and relative ease in finding employment on digital platforms; on the other hand, more critical perspectives argue that these employment contracts can result in exclusion from social protection systems. The evidence indicates that while overall a relatively small proportion of all employment digital work is growing, both on platforms as well as adoption amongst more traditional companies. The characteristics of digital workers can vary by region and occupation. Overall, they tend to be predominantly younger and more likely male, with a growing number of women albeit in particular occupations. Skills and earnings levels vary but the key issues of disputes is around pay, conditions and employment status. The consequences of this form of work for those with lower skilled digital employment can undermine their social citizenship: they lack comparable employment rights, or when unemployed entitlement to adequate social protection. The potential polarisation effects of digital exclusion and deficits will severely hamper the wider benefits of transparency offered by these technologies. During the pandemic these trends have become more apparent. The imbalance of bargaining power and regulatory governance to bridge gaps in citizenship entitlements undermines the collective potential of policy makers and trade unions to address these challenges. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of innovative challenges and contestation of these gaps by both union organisations and national regulators attempts to adapt social protection

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