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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Women – Poland – Social conditions »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Women – Poland – Social conditions"

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Melich-Iwanek, Krystyna. « ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN POLAND – SELECTED PROBLEMS AND CONDITIONS ». Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 22, no 3 (30 septembre 2021) : 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4216.

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The aim of the article is to analyze, from statistical and econometric perspectives, the dynamics of Poles’ economic activity, in particular, an attempt at a statistical measurement of the impact of select phenomena conditioning the labor market. Key considerations are preceded by a presentation the historical and current demographic situation in Poland. Problems of foreign migration and the aging of the Polish society were investigated. Moreover, impact of social policies on the labor market was analyzed, including the “Family 500+” program as well as regulations concerning retirement age. The study utilizes quantitative methods of time series analysis, including the time series models taking into account the occurrence of turning points. The results of research show, that: in the near future the Polish demographic situation will not improve, the lowering of retirement age is a threat to the labor market, the “500+” program not only did not influence a rise in fertility rate but lowered the rate of economic activity of women.
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Rokicka, Magdalena. « Transition out of self-employment – evidence from Poland ». International Journal of Social Economics 43, no 12 (5 décembre 2016) : 1254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2014-0097.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of self-employment exit in Poland and its determinants. Design/methodology/approach The author examines the outflow from self-employment into different labour market status: employment, unemployment, inactivity using multinomial logistic regression. The analysis is conducted separately for men and women using Polish Labour Force Surveys (LFS) (2001-2007). Findings Results indicate that personal and family characteristics have different impact on self-employment exit for men and women. However, unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have similar impact regardless gender. The author’s results show that higher local unemployment rate reduces the likelihood of self-employment exit into employment, while conducting business in a sector affected by economic downturn increase outflow from self-employment for both men and women. Research limitations/implications Certain limitations of the study arise from the design of the Polish LFS. It is a rotating panel with relatively few time periods, so it can only allow the author to analyse the outcomes in short-term perspectives. Practical implications Those results provide some background for potential policy interventions. In the context of persistent, high unemployment rates in Poland, there is need for some policy incentives which reinforce self-employment – an important alternative form of the labour market participation. Originality/value Majority of previous studies focusses on self-employment creation, as policy incentives do. However, very little is known about the reasons for leaving self-employment. The author fills this gap analysing the outflow and transition from self-employment to different labour market status.
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Gutor, Taras G., Natalia I. Zaremba, Oksana R. Kovalska, Dzvenyslava Je Moskviak-Lesniak, Iryna M. Gerasymovych, Oleh Ja Kobyletskyy et Yaryna V. Nahurna. « COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN SOCIAL HEALTH DETERMINANTS OF LIFE EXPECTANCY AND INFANT MORTALITY IN UKRAINE AND POLAND ». Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no 3 (2021) : 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202103235.

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The aim: To analyze the data of social health determinants – life expectancy of population and infant mortality in neighboring countries: Ukraine and Poland in cut-away of territory habitation. Materials and methods: The statistical materials of the Ukrainian and Polish information sources were used in this work: SI “The center of medical statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, The state statistics service of Ukraine, The central statistical management of Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). Methods of system approach, bibliosemantic, statistical, analytical were used for analysis. Results: In both countries, Poland and Ukraine, the general dynamics as to the growth of an average life expectancy (ALE) among men and women was observed during 28 years of surveillance, and in both countries it was revealed that the ALE indices in women were much higher than in men. Within the last five years, there is a considerable tendency of decrease in the infant death rate in Ukraine, while in Poland this index is particularly invariable. This may be due to the fact that the level of infant mortality in Poland is half the level in Ukraine; moreover, this correlation is approximate within the last five years of observation. A significant place in the structure of all the causes of infant mortality in 2019 is occupied by the ХVІ chapter in accordance with ICD-10 “Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period” – 54.39 % in Ukraine and 53.05 % in Poland, the last – “Diseases of the Urogenital system” (chapter ХІV) – 0 % and 0.7 %, correspondingly. Conclusions: With a view of an incessant improvement of a high-quality information which is registered when the statistical data are formed, it is necessary to promote a broad intersector cooperation inside the countries and international collaboration between the countries.
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Flaszyńska, Ewa Karolina. « Strenghthening Women’s Opportunities in the Labour Market – the Case of Poland ». Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, no 3 (30 novembre 2020) : 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.5782.

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Poland is one of the countries which has made the most progress in making the labour market more available and friendly for women. The concept of supporting women is a collection of interconnected devices that create a system which is specific for Poland and which, despite functioning well in Poland, would not necessarily work well in other countries. The policy of equalisation of opportunities for women in the labour market involves many entities – not only state institutions and the state as such, but also local authorities, social partners and non-governmental organisations. Money spent on realising this policy is never regarded as wasted. The article is a review. The article presents examples of Polish solutions, which on one hand facilitate women’s inclusion into the labour market, and on the other hand, reduce unfavourable factors which constitute barriers to access to employment. It is not only support in the field of professional activation, but also a number of legal and systemic solutions. These are mainly activities aimed at creating favourable conditions for reconciling work and family life, such as the availability of childcare points, government programs, introducing paternity leave, or encouraging women to acquire qualifications.
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Dajnowicz, Małgorzata. « Polish Writers and their Influence on Women’s Public Activity : A Case Study of Józefa Kisielnicka and Eliza Orzeszkowa ». Respectus Philologicus 27, no 32 (25 avril 2015) : 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.27.32.4.

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Józefa Kisielnicka (1865–1941) created a new model of a woman in the society, a woman that is actively involved in the public life and concentrates on the charity work and educational needs of the people in their close environment. Her attitude towards women’s involvement in the public life was greatly appreciated by both men and women, especially among the gentry class. In her literary works (published, e.g., in Warsaw Courier and Daily Courier), she depicted women’s everyday life. The general image of her characters was very negative. Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) can be described as a great activist in initiating and developing the idea of gender issues, both in her written works and everyday life duties. Her political views, social involvement, and literary achievements were widely recognized among women representing liberal political views. Her numerous works (for example, A Few Words about Women) related to the place of the women in the society and the issues of gender equality. Eliza Orzeszkowa considered the cultural and social conditions, which influenced the possibilities of women in their pursuit of equality. The two women writers Józefa Kisielnicka and Eliza Orzeszkowa set a new pattern of initiating and shaping the public involvement of women in the northeastern province of Poland.
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Przybysz, Klaudia, et Agnieszka Stanimir. « Tourism-Related Needs in the Context of Seniors’ Living and Social Conditions ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 22 (19 novembre 2022) : 15325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215325.

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Significant changes are taking place in the structure of tourism participants. Due to the ageing of societies, the tourism sector has to respond to the increasing tourist activity of seniors. The main aim of our research was the recognition of the needs of senior tourists from selected regions of Poland, considering their health and financial situation as well as their physical activity. The study shows how to combine the knowledge of assumptions of active ageing with the actual views of senior tourists on tourism and active leisure. An additional objective was to determine the reasons why seniors gave up tourism and to compare the reasons why seniors from selected regions of Poland and seniors from other European countries did not participate in tourism. Based on Eurostat data, we identify the most common reasons for people not participating in tourism who are over 65 years of age. In 2020, we surveyed seniors. The respondents for the sample were selected as 65 years and older. In order to compare countries due to exclusion and non-participation of seniors in tourism, the results classification was used. To analyse the touristic behaviours of Polish seniors, we used correspondence analysis. As indicated by analysing the reasons for the non-participation of Europeans aged 65 and over in tourism, in most countries, financial and health reasons are ranked first or second in 2016 and 2019. In a survey of Polish seniors, except for the financial reasons responsible for non-participation in tourism, an additional obstacle was the language barrier in foreign tourism. The analysis of physical and tourist activity showed that non-participation in tourism is associated with low physical activity. Women reported that they were satisfied with their financial independence and most often used the opportunity of short-term tourism. The people who are fully or largely involved in organising their trips also willingly change their locations during their next travels.
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Dziadek, Magdalena. « Polish Female Composers in the Nineteenth Century ». Musicology Today 16, no 1 (31 décembre 2019) : 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2019-0002.

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Abstract The article discusses the activities of selected women-composers who worked in Poland in the 19th century. They have been presented in a broad social-political context. Specific historical conditions have been taken into account, which have contributed to the perception of women’s creativity as a mission. The model of women’s activity discussed in the categories of social and political mission influenced the shape and forms of Polish women’s creativity in the first half of the century. In the second half of the century, women’s access to education increased and finally a milieu of professional women-composers emerged. Among them, we should distinguish the group of women born into musical families, due to the fact that some among them took up the profession of composer.
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Yolkin, Anatolii. « Russian Women in Emigration in Poland during the 1920s – 1940s ». Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series : History, no 61 (27 juin 2022) : 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2022-61-09.

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The article examines the situation of Russian women-emigrants who found themselves on the territory of Poland in the 1920s – 1930s. Almost all categories of the population of the former Russian Empire were represented among the refugees in Poland. Among the ranks of the exiles there were also women who had to adapt to the difficult social conditions of their stay in the country. During the 1920s – 1930s, of the total number of emigrants (50-60 thousand people who stayed in the country) about 30 % were women and children. In 1919–1920, Poland was one of the centers of the anti-Bolshevik struggle. Therefore, the Russian emigrants gave their support to the Poles. For instance, Z. Gippius took part in the publication of the newspaper and the formation of Russian military units. After the end of the Soviet-Polish War, the soldiers and officers of these units were interned in camps. Among them were nurses, as well as women and children. The families of the internees were housed in common barracks, often women and children had to sleep on the floor. The Russian Red Cross Society, headed by L. I. Lyubimova, tried to provide the internees with food, clothing, medical care, and find work. By the mid-1920s, it became clear that the stay of exiles abroad could lasted for many years. Therefore, the main attention of the emigrant organizations were paid to cultural and educational activities. It was carried out through the Russian houses that appeared in Warsaw, Vilna and other cities. There women took an active part in the work of various circles, libraries, theater studios. In families, wives and mothers tried to maintain not only the home comfort, but also to educate children in the spirit of national traditions. So far as women in exile often had to support unemployed husbands or disabled people, they tried to find a job. But most of them could only hope for odd jobs in sewing workshops or trade.
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Lorentzen, Catherine Anne Nicole, et Berit Viken. « Immigrant women, nature and mental health ». International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no 4 (23 septembre 2020) : 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2019-0089.

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Purpose There is a need for cost-effective strategies to counteract mental health challenges among immigrant women. This study aims to identify how nature might improve the mental health status of immigrant women residing in Norway. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were gathered through individual interviews with 14 immigrant women from Iran (2), Poland (2), Palestine, Afghanistan, Congo, Kenya, Thailand, Russia, Portugal, Latvia, Colombia and Bulgaria. Findings The qualitative content analysis revealed that interaction with nature positively influenced the immigrant women’s mental health. This occurred because of the following: exposure to nature itself, leading to mood enhancements; familiarization with the new country’s culture, nature, climate and language, facilitating feelings of mastery, attachment and belonging; social interactions, promoting immediate well-being and future social support; interacting with nature in familiar ways, reducing feelings of alienation/loss; and physical activity, improving mood and stress-related conditions. These mental health improvements were a result of interactions with various types of natural environments. Originality/value This study supports the promotion of interaction with nature among immigrant women as part of low-cost public health work. Practitioners should consider multiple arenas for potential nature-related mental health gains.
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Miodowski, Adam. « The monthly magazine «Praca Kobiet» about the activities of organizations related to the Women’s International Democratic Federation (March – December 1946) ». Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no 2 (30 avril 2019) : 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-2-71-83.

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The research on women’s history presented in this publication supplements the gap existing in polish historiography. The gap includes not only knowledge about the activities of women's organizations associated in the Women’s International Democratic Federation (including the polish Social-Civic League of Women). The same applies to the assessment of the role of women in political, social and cultural changes taking place in Poland (and in the world) in the first years after the end of World War II. The main purpose of this publication is to show the historical conditions of the activities of the Social-Civic League of Women, as well as similar organizations in other European, African and North American countries. The basic source used in the research process is the monthly «Praca Kobiet» (and additionally the periodical «Nasza Praca»). The work uses a methodology typical for studies based on press sources. Their list includes the following methods: analytical-empirical, deductive-nomological, deductive-hypothetical and classical method of content analysis. The effect of the undertaken research is to establish that the information articles on the activities of organizations associated in the Women’s International Democratic Federation published on the pages of the «Praca Kobiet» monthly were in fact agitation and propaganda. The polish feminist press manipulated facts and thus influenced the formation of pro-communist and anti-Western views of women. The topic is not exhausted and needs to be continued. Further research will require a wider use of press sources not only from Poland, but also from other countries.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Women – Poland – Social conditions"

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Seibert, Anita 1969. « From Matka Polka to new Polish woman : women and restructuring in Poland ». Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental Science, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7642.

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Hoover, Douglas Pearson. « Women in nineteenth-century Pullman ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276796.

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Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.
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潘星薇 et Sing-mei Pun. « Controlling women : sexuality, imperialism andpower ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951727.

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Marczak, Joanna. « Childbearing intentions of Polish nationals in Poland and in the UK : progression to the second child ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/929/.

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This study explores and compares the rationales behind, and justifications for, intentions about whether or not to have a second child among Polish fathers and mothers living in the UK and Poland. Drawing on semi-structured interviews (n=42) contextualised by media and statistical analyses, the thesis interrogates the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and explores the extent to which aspects related to the theory (i.e. attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control) permeate informants’ narratives. This thesis emphasises that researching fertility intentions requires more complex and context-specific operationalisations of theoretical constructs as drawing on standardised definitions and concepts across different populations could impact data validity and reliability, and I suggest ways in which survey questions could be modified. The findings demonstrate the importance of transnational groups of reference for Polish individuals’ understanding of resources deemed as adequate to have a second child, suggesting that the notion of economic wellbeing is more variable and complex than current evidence suggests. The study also illustrates that kin assistance in Poland is relevant for reproductive decisions since it relates to economic constraints to childbearing and to perceived requirements to provide children with kin support and inheritance. Moreover, individuals in both settings communicate beliefs related to childbearing intentions discursively, fine-tuning ambivalent and inconsistent cognitions while constructing a coherent narrative. The findings question the TPB assumption that people reach decisions primarily as a result of causal, regular and law-governed forces acting on theoretical constructs independent of individuals’ agency, and I point to possibilities to expand and refine theories used in demographic research. Although my empirical findings focus on Polish nationals, I argue that this research has broader implications for theorising, researching and interpreting findings on childbearing intentions.
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Burton, Erika del Pilar. « Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference ? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.

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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.
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Lambert, Heather. « An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in Ghana ». Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217377.

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This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality.
Department of Anthropology
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Pang, Susan McPhail. « Industrialization and the changing status of women in society : a comparison of Japan and Thailand / ». Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12754547.

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Seger, Karen Elizabeth 1939. « WOMEN AND CHANGE IN THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC : A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE (MIDDLE EAST, AGRICULTURE, EMIGRATION, WORKROLES, DEVELOPMENT) ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291263.

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Yip, Pui-wah, et 葉佩華. « A study of True Light Middle School's pioneering work in women's education, 1872-1949 ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951582.

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鄭秀儀 et Sau-yi Joan Cheng. « Women in China and Japan from the late 19th century to the 1930s ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574821.

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Livres sur le sujet "Women – Poland – Social conditions"

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Women, communism, and industrialization in postwar Poland. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Fidelis, Malgorzata. Women, communism, and industrialization in postwar Poland. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Niedzielska, Krystyna. Women in contemporary Poland : A sketch to a portrait. Warszawa : CZS, Wydawn. Społdzielcze, 1985.

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Polish women, solidarity and feminism. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Macmillan Academic and Professional, 1992.

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Żarnowska, Anna. Workers, women, and social change in Poland, 1870-1939. Aldershot : Ashgate, 2004.

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1958-, Krzyszkowski Jerzy, dir. Diagnosis of the social and professional situation of rural women in Poland. Warsaw : Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, Dept. of Women, Family and Counteracting Discrimination, 2008.

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Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, dir. Women in times of change, 1989-2009 : Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, East Germany and Ukraine. Warsaw : Heinrich Böll Stiftung, 2009.

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Maciejewski, Jan, et Katarzyna Dojwa. Uczestnictwo kobiet w Siłach Zbrojnych, Straży Granicznej i Policji : Analiza socjologiczna. Wrocław : Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Ofierskiej Wojsk Lądowych imienia generał Tadeusza Kościuszki, 2012.

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Bearing witness : A personal perspective on sixty years of Polish history. New Brunswick, New Jersey : Transaction Publishers, 2015.

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Conference on Equality Between Women and Men in a Changing Europe (1992 Poznań, Poland). Conference on Equality between Women and Men in a Changing Europe : Proceedings, Poznań (Poland), 31 March-2 April 1992. Strasbourg : Council of Europe Press, 1994.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Women – Poland – Social conditions"

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Carr-Hill, Roy A. « The status of women ». Dans Social Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa, 156–76. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377172_13.

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Kuźbik, Paweł. « Relationship Between Sport and CSR in the Conditions of Functioning of Sport Organizations in Poland ». Dans Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland, 167–91. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00440-8_12.

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Sokołowska-Durkalec, Agnieszka. « Identification of Social Irresponsibility Manifestations in the Social Responsibility Management System in a Small Enterprise—Importance, Place and Conditions ». Dans CSR in Contemporary Poland, 41–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42277-6_4.

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Bembenek, Boguslaw, Teresa Piecuch et Joanna Sudol-Pusz. « Business Clusters and Social Cooperatives — A Chance to Promote Female Entrepreneurship in Rural Poland ? » Dans Women and Migration in Rural Europe, 170–86. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-48304-1_9.

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Afsar, Md, et Suman Kumari. « Women Journalists in India’s Rural Areas : Social and Economic Conditions ». Dans Techno-Societal 2020, 1107–15. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_105.

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Chałubińska–Jentkiewicz, Katarzyna. « Cybersecurity as a Public Task in Administration ». Dans Cybersecurity in Poland, 191–208. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_13.

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AbstractContemporary models of public administration have been formed by various political, social and economic conditions. Public tasks are carried out on the basis of legal provisions under the conditions of applying specific decision-making rules and organisational techniques, which include specific principles, procedures and practice—experience. These features characterise public administration as a system of operations, also in relation to cyberspace. The transformations associated with the computerisation and dissemination of information and communication technologies have meant that the duty of public administration in the information age is, on the one hand, to synchronise the activities of entities belonging to different sectors, and on the other, to manage complex networks, as well as to adapt the functioning of public administration to using new technologies. The goal of cybersecurity management is to provide optimal cost protection; to determine which risks can be avoided and how, using both organisational and technical solutions, the risk can be minimised to an acceptable level.
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Sek-Hong, Ng, et Victor Fung-Shuen Sit. « Women and Young Workers, Subcontract Labour and Homeworkers, and “Social Wages” ». Dans Labour Relations and Labour Conditions in Hong Kong, 157–89. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10822-0_7.

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Jafree, Sara Rizvi, et Fareen Rahman. « Oral Narrations of Social Rejection Suffered by South Asian Women with Irreversible Health Conditions ». Dans The Sociology of South Asian Women’s Health, 35–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50204-1_3.

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Fabinyi, Michael, et Kate Barclay. « Fishing Livelihoods and Social Diversity ». Dans Asia-Pacific Fishing Livelihoods, 45–63. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79591-7_3.

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AbstractThis chapter shifts scale from Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79591-7_2 to focus on the local context and analyse the everyday sets of social relationships that frame the lives of those engaged in fishing livelihoods. The broad structural forces of migration, technology and markets along with the wider economy all intersect with local sets of social structures to shape the conditions in which fishing livelihoods operate. Here we present two examples of how different forms of social differentiation interact with fishing livelihoods. In the Western Philippines, class and status intersect with cultural values to generate power relations and hierarchies in different roles associated with fishing livelihoods. In Pacific Island countries, gender norms structure the different types of fishing activities in which men and women are involved.
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Tieszen, Bozena. « Matka Polka (Mother Poland) and the Cult of the Virgin Mary : Linguistic Analysis of the Social Roles and Expectations of Polish Women ». Dans Language and Religious Identity, 220–28. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230210943_11.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Women – Poland – Social conditions"

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Mazur, Anna. « The structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of women and men during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland ». Dans 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic : Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.11.

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Since the COVID.19 pandemic is a serious crisis in many countries around the world, it is important to conduct empirical research aimed at identifying risks and factors protecting the functioning of people affected by it [1, 2]. For this reason, the goal of this research is to determine the structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of 226 women and 226 men during the COVID.19 epidemic in Poland by looking at connections between physical activity, mental health disorders and cognitive processes and their significance for the quality of social relations. Methodologically, the research relies on IPAQ Questionnaire [3], GHQ-28 Questionnaires [4], TUS Test — 6/9 version [5] and the original SFS Scale. The structural model indicates that physical activity weakens the relationship between mental health disorders and cognitive processes, and gender is the moderator of these relationships. This suggests that physical activity adapted to the condition of health may be an important component of gender. individualized psycho. preventive interventions.
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Gajdek, Agata. « SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF DISAPPEARANCE OF TALL TREES FROM SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND LANDSCAPE ». Dans 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/61/s07.015.

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KONIECZNA, Jadwiga, et Dariusz KONIECZNY. « CAUSES OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.127.

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Rural areas, defined as land outside towns, except industrial areas, account for over 93% of the area of Poland. They are attractive as a places of work, residence, leisure, as well as places where agricultural and non-agricultural business activities can be conducted. Agriculture is naturally associated with rural areas. Currently, apart from the agricultural function and (depending on the socioeconomic, natural or historical conditions) rural areas are also places of leisure, recreation, residence or industrial activities. This is a consequence of implementation of the concept of multi-functional development of rural areas, in which conditions are created for diverse business activities, while respecting environmental constraints. Such a multifunctional approach must take into account the interests of all parties to avoid spatial conflicts. Therefore, actions aimed at the development of rural areas should be based on an in-depth analysis of the value of the area under consideration, they should take into account natural conditions (soil, climate, terrain) of the land for conducting agricultural activities, but also take into account environmental, social and economic aspects. Objective and historical conditions affecting agriculture in Poland and the experience gained so far indicate that there is a need to change the spatial arrangement of agricultural areas. This is because of the characteristic features of agriculture in Poland, which include a disadvantageous structure of farms in terms of their area, small size of farms, insufficient technical infrastructure in villages and difficult soil conditions. Rural areas in Poland, including agriculture, are undergoing deep structural changes in regard to agricultural production, but also to farm size and layout, demographic and spatial structures as well as technical and social infrastructure. The changes taking place in rural areas in Poland are greatly affected by the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union. As a member of the EU, Poland has been receiving aid since 2004 and has been implementing actions within Rural Development Programmes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the transformations that have been taking place in rural areas in Poland and to present selected factors and causes of the changes in rural spaces.
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ZIELIŃSKA-SZCZEPKOWSKA, Joanna, Izabela ZABIELSKA et Roman KISIEL. « SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GROUPS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN POLAND ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.053.

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The aim of the article was to characterize the aspects of social and economic conditions and circumstances for the establishment and operation of groups of agricultural producers in Poland. The discussion is theoretical. In the article the monographic method was used. The following issues were subsequently examined: the nature and status of groups of producers in Poland, the social capital of farmers, advantages and obstacles in the cooperation of agricultural farmers and financial aid opportunities under the Rural Development Programmes for 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. As the example, the model of agricultural producer groups functioning in Poland was described. The results of the consideration has broad spectrum. It follows from the analysis conducted that the reasons for creating groups of producers are economic benefits related to production on a higher scale and to achievement of synergies through acting together. They also include EU financial aid opportunities. The benefits are also of a social character and are related, among others, to farmers learning how to act together as well as to increased trust in cooperation. In spite of numerous benefits that may arise from acting together, there are also certain obstacles related to the level of knowledge or educational background of farmers, typical responses to change or lack of trust between organisation members. This is often an effect of negative past experiences connected with overall socialisation that affects post-communist nations.
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Tucak, Ivana, et Anita Blagojević. « COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION ». Dans EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.
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KOKOSZKA, Katarzyna, et Małgorzata PINK. « BIOECONOMY – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN MALOPOLSKA VOIVODSHIP (POLAND) ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.252.

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The main objective of the article is to indicate the main challenges and development opportunities related to the bioeconomy, shown in the regional layout on the example of the Małopolska voivodeship. The theoretical part of a paper is basing on a review of the literature regarding a concept of bioeconomy. It finds is conclusions in a model of 'bio-economy triad of challenges', that the conventional economy is facing. The issues of bioeconomy in this paper are presented in a context of:  processes taking place between enterprises, consumers and the state,  challenges for qualitative and quantitative economic development. Referring to the above-mentioned model, it was stated that the bioeconomy should be the main direction of development as part of the smart specialization strategy for Małopolska. This will allow, among others development of functional value chains, increasing the added value of production and the possibility of sustainable management of natural resources. Attention was also paid to conditions of development that may constitute significant barriers in shaping the bio-profile of the economy on a regional basis:  environmental, in the sense of sustainable access to natural resources;  social, understood as the quality of social capital and access to a qualified workforce;  institutional, being the state's responsibility and related to the law, providing adequate infrastructure or adequate expenditures for R&D. It was noticed that Małopolska is characterized by a dual development model - on the one hand, we are dealing with sectors of modern technologies concentrated in the provincial city and some poviat cities. On the other hand, when we talk about the raw material sphere, one can talk about development destimulants, i.e. agrarian structure, the problem of fallowing land or the lack of a qualified workforce in rural areas.
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SZAFRAŃSKA, Monika, et Renata MATYSIK-PEJAS. « ATTITUDES OF ACADEMIC YOUTH TOWARDS THE WELFARE OF FARMED ANIMALS IN POLAND ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.188.

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The development of agriculture and rural areas depends on a large extent on the level of society’s awareness on agriculture. One of the areas of agricultural awareness of citizens is their attitude towards the welfare of farmed animals. The findings of many studies indicate that the level of social awareness in Poland in this area is low, especially among young people. The aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of Polish academic youth towards the welfare of farmed animals and pinpoint selected factors determining this level. The main source of the data used for the analyses and applications was the primary information obtained from personal research. The research was done in 2016 by using PAPI method on the group of 450 people. The statistical analysis of the studied material encompassed aggregate statistical indicators as well as the non-parametric test „chi square” (χ2). Apart from the primary sources they also used secondary sources which encompassed both domestic as well as foreign literature. According to the conducted study, the majority of the participants had an average level of farmed animal welfare awareness (55%). One in three respondents had a low level of farmed animal welfare awareness, and the remaining group represented the high level. The determining factors were: gender, studied faculty, place of residence, and ownership of agricultural holding by the respondents or their parents. A higher level of farmed animal welfare awareness was characterized by women, students of humanistic faculties, people from rural areas as well as the respondents who didn’t run a farm.
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Rubczak, Anna. « Design public spaces to enable all 0-5 year children flourish ». Dans Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pyra2020.

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The Public Spaces of Tomorrow are places that enable young children 0-5 to flourish. Contemporary places support healthy child development. The early years are the foundation for lifelong physical and mental health, wellbeing, and social skills. Designing, planning, and building new public spaces for our babies and toddlers should take into consideration the wellbeing of their caregivers. Engage parents, grandparents, siblings, or pregnant women in the design process provides for the ability to create new types of public spaces. Knowledge of how to do it for wellbeing in specific circumstances, places, social or natural environment is the purpose of the work (for ex. the Covid-19 pandemic is still unfolding but the principle of healthy development or caregiver isn`t changing). Responsibility of local authorities, urban planners, architects, park managers, all people engaged in city planning and functioning, have their role to play. During the collaborative workshop Mentor and Student Research Lab 3 in Poland (Gdańsk University of Technology) numerous investigation and methods were tried to answer research questions on how to resolve problems of designing public spaces of tomorrow.
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Okraszewska, Romanika, Kazimierz Jamroz, Marek Bauer, Krystian Birr et Anna Gobis. « Identification of Risk Factors for Collisions Involving Cyclists Based on Gdansk Example ». Dans Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.112.

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The role of pedestrian and bicycle traffic in Poland has growing trend. The comprehensive traffic study, conducted in Gdansk in 2016, has confirmed the increase in the number of cyclists and their share in the modal split. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the safety of this group of unprotected road users. Only in 2015 on the roads of Gdansk occurred 93 accidents (excluding collisions) involving cyclists. As a result, 101 people were injured, including nine seriously and 3 people killed. The study aim was to identify risk factors for collisions involving cyclists based on data of accidents reported to the police. The following factors were analysed: the conditions for the drivers on the road (speed limits of, surface conditions), conditions for cyclists (cycling infrastructure, traffic management), external conditions (time of the year, time of the day, weather conditions), conditions organizational (type of intersection, traffic light) as well as the social aspects – the behaviour of all users.
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KALINOWSKI, Sławomir, et Barbara KIEŁBASA. « RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.044.

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This paper addresses the poverty risk issues in the context of sustainable development of rural areas. Empirical materials included in this paper are based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) partial studies, and provide a reference point for comparing the EU income distribution and social integration statistics. Poverty reduction and counteracting social exclusion are among the key Millennium Development Goals. According to studies, one in four inhabitants of EU rural areas is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. While the highest shares of at-risk population are recorded in Bulgaria (54.8%) and Romania (50.8%), the levels reported by Poland and Lithuania are also above the EU average (by 4.5 and 9.2 percentage points, respectively). At the other end of the spectrum, the risk rate in the Netherlands and Czech Republic is 12.8%. For the households, income is a factor underpinning their economic safety and, thus, their confidence. The amount of incomes affects the objective poverty levels measured with a parametric method. In the EU, persons earning no more than 60% of the national median income are assumed to be at risk of poverty. Therefore, the risk of poverty affects nearly every fifth inhabitant of EU rural areas. Poverty and social exclusion are multidimensional aspects which result in unmet needs in multiple areas: healthcare, education, housing, culture and leisure. While triggering some kind of feedback loop, insufficient incomes are both the cause and the effect of deprivation of needs. Also, they provide favorable conditions for an unsustainable development of rural areas.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Women – Poland – Social conditions"

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Oosterhoff, Pauline, Karen Snyder et Neelam Sharma. Nepali Women at Risk from Misguided Anti-Trafficking Strategies. Institute of Development Studies, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.073.

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There are burgeoning hospitality, entertainment, and wellness industries in Nepal. The label ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’, used in anti-trafficking efforts, has resulted in stigmatisation of the owners and, mainly female, workers of some businesses in these industries. Labour intermediaries, who help businesses get employees and workers find jobs, are a critical and often misrepresented part of these informal industries. Women are stuck with few options for safe employment in Nepal or foreign labour migration. Supporting the easy registration and monitoring of these businesses and social protection will improve Nepal’s economy and enhance working conditions.
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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha et Amruth Kiran. Employer Practices and Perceptions on Paid Domestic Work : Recruitment, Employment Relationships, and Social Protection. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/epppdwrersp11.2022.

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The key question of this study is to ask: What are the beliefs, motivations, and perceptions of employers toward recruitment, employment conditions, and social protection for domestic workers?We draw from personal interviews with 403 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This Executive Summary outlines key findings and implications.
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Xourafi, Lydia, Polyxeni Sardi et Anastasia Kostaki. Exploring psychological vulnerability and responses to the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.5.

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This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece during the general lockdown period. Specifically, depression, anxiety and stress scores, as well as the factors associated with vulnerability to developing mental health conditions during this period, were investigated. A total of 911 adults participated in an online survey by completing a self-reporting questionnaire that included demographic questions, DASS-42 items (anxiety, stress and depression scales) and other questions related to personal experience. Regression modelling uncovered a significant relationship between gender and DASS scores, with women having significantly higher scores than men for all mental health problems. Participants aged 20–39 years were especially vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. Unemployed participants reported having worse mental health than others. Having more perceived psychosocial support during the pandemic was associated with lower overall scores. Thus, women, young adults and the unemployed exhibited particularly high levels of vulnerability, while individuals who received social support from relatives and friends during the lockdown were more resilient to the effects of social isolation.
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O’Reilly, Jacqueline, et Rachel Verdin. Measuring the size, characteristics and consequences of digital work. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/whfq8202.

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This working paper provides a summary assessment of the existing literature and data on digital forms of employment internationally. It illustrates the variability in how it is defined, how it is growing and what kind of risks are associated with these developments. Evaluation of these types of jobs is divided. On one hand, optimists point to the attractions and relative ease in finding employment on digital platforms; on the other hand, more critical perspectives argue that these employment contracts can result in exclusion from social protection systems. The evidence indicates that while overall a relatively small proportion of all employment digital work is growing, both on platforms as well as adoption amongst more traditional companies. The characteristics of digital workers can vary by region and occupation. Overall, they tend to be predominantly younger and more likely male, with a growing number of women albeit in particular occupations. Skills and earnings levels vary but the key issues of disputes is around pay, conditions and employment status. The consequences of this form of work for those with lower skilled digital employment can undermine their social citizenship: they lack comparable employment rights, or when unemployed entitlement to adequate social protection. The potential polarisation effects of digital exclusion and deficits will severely hamper the wider benefits of transparency offered by these technologies. During the pandemic these trends have become more apparent. The imbalance of bargaining power and regulatory governance to bridge gaps in citizenship entitlements undermines the collective potential of policy makers and trade unions to address these challenges. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of innovative challenges and contestation of these gaps by both union organisations and national regulators attempts to adapt social protection
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