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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Women and communism – Poland – History »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Women and communism – Poland – History"

Bucur, Maria. « Women and state socialism : failed promises and radical changes revisited ». Nationalities Papers 44, n^o 5 (septembre 2016) : 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1169263.

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Imagine all history written as if all people, even women, mattered. Until a couple of decades ago, that was at most an aspiration for those of us working on East European history. Since then, however, and especially with the fall of Communism, feminist scholars have made significant inroads toward achieving this goal. This review essay reflects on the contributions made by five such studies that focus on different aspects of women's lives under state socialism in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Poland, and Romania. In one way or another, each author asks similar questions about the relationship between the Communist ideological emphasis on gender equality as a core moral value, on the one hand, and the policies and actions of these regimes with regard to women, on the other hand. Moreover, all studies focus on how women themselves participated in articulating, reacting to, and in some cases successfully challenging these policies. In short, they present us with excellent examples of how pertinent gender analysis is for understanding the most essential aspects of the history of Communism in Eastern Europe: how this authoritarian regime transformed individual identity and social relations.

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Klimek-Dominiak, Elżbieta. « Resisting Invisible Women of Solidarity : Gender in American and Polish Oral History, Life Writing, Visual Arts and Film. Part I ». Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia 5 (12 juin 2017) : 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2353-8546.1(5).9.

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Unlike American historians challenging the marginalization of women since the 1970s and theorizing usefulness of gender for history, the majority of Polish historians have been rather reluctant to address gender differences. The collapse of communism and transatlantic interest in retraditionalization stimulated interdisciplinary engendering of Solidarity. This article examines how significant, though strategically invisible, Solidarity women activists of the 1980s have been represented in oral history, art, and film as well as dialogical genres such as auto/biography and a relational memoir. Questioning of mythical visions of Solidarity, focused on men and class, has initially been resisted, but encouraged a debate about gender stereotypes in Poland. The early “archive fever” followed by a recent surge in transgenerational life writing on women oppositionists exploring gender along with ethnicity, class, and age has helped to construct multi-layered portraits of anti-communist resistance. The analysis of the award-winning documentary, several Solidarity women evaluate critically their complicity with the posttotalitarian system, may also complicate ultranationalist narratives and fill gaps in postcolonial studies of Central Europe.

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Ruta, Magdalena. « Portrety podwójne, 1939–1956. Wspomnienia polskich Żydówek z sowieckiej Rosji ». Studia Judaica, n^o 2 (48) (2021) : 491–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24500100stj.21.020.15075.

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Double Portraits, 1939–1956: Memoirs of Polish Jewish Women From Soviet Russia During the first months following Germany’s attack on Poland, some members of the Jewish community managed to sneak away to the eastern frontiers of the country which had been invaded and annexed by the Red Army in the second half of September 1939. The tragic experiences of these refugees, heretofore somehow neglected by Holocaust scholars, have recently become the subject of profound academic reflection. One of the sources of knowledge about the fate of Jewish refugees from Poland are their memoirs. In this article the author reflects on three autobiographical texts written by Polish Jewish women, female refugees who survived the Holocaust thanks to their stay in Soviet Russia, namely Ola Watowa, Ruth Turkow Kaminska, and Sheyne-Miriam Broderzon. Each of them experienced not only the atrocities of war, but also, most of all, the cruelty of the Communist regime. All three of them suffered persecution by the oppressive Soviet authorities in different ways and at different times. While Ola Watowa experienced (in person, as well as through the fate of her family and friends) the bitter taste of persecution and deportation during WWII, Sheyne-Miriam Broderzon lived a relatively peaceful life in that period (1939–1945), and Ruth Turkow Kaminska even enjoyed the luxurious lifestyle reserved for the privileged members of the establishment, and it was not until the years immediately after the war that the latter two women would face the true image of Communism as its victims. The Wats managed to leave the USSR shortly after the war, whereas for the Broderzons and the Turkows the war would not end until the death of Stalin and their subsequent return to Poland in 1956. According to Mary G. Mason, the immanent feature of women’s autobiographical writings is the self-discovery of one’s own identity through the simultaneous identification of some ‘other.’ It is thanks to the rootedness of one’s own identity through the connection with a certain chosen ‘other’ that women authors can openly write about themselves. The aim of the article is to attempt to determine to what extent this statement remains true for the memoirs of the three Polish Jewish women who, besides sharing the aforementioned historical circumstances, are also linked by the fact that all of them stayed in romantic relationships with outstanding men (i.e. writers Aleksander Wat and Moyshe Broderzon, and jazzman Adi Rosner), which had an enormous impact not only on their lives in general, but also specifically on the creation and style of their autobiographical narratives, giving them the character of a sui generis double portrait.

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Ghodsee, Kristen, Hülya Adak, Elsa Stéphan, Chiara Bonfiglioli, Ivan Stankov, Rumiana Stoilova, Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild et al. « Book Reviews ». Aspasia 15, n^o 1 (1 août 2021) : 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2021.150111.

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Anna Artwinska and Agnieszka Mrozik, eds., Gender, Generations, and Communism in Central and Eastern Europe and Beyond, New York: Routledge, 2020, 352 pp., £120.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-36742-323-0.Clio: Femmes, Genre, Histoire, 48, no. 2 (2018)Lisa Greenwald, Daughters of 1968: Redefining French Feminism and the Women’s Liberation MovementGal Kirn, The Partisan Counter-Archive: Retracing the Ruptures of Art and Memory in the Yugoslav People’s Liberation StruggleMilena Kirova, Performing Masculinity in the Hebrew BibleAndrea Krizsan and Conny Roggeband, eds., Gendering Democratic Backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe: A Comparative AgendaLudmila Miklashevskaya, Gender and Survival in Soviet Russia: A Life in the Shadow of Stalin’s TerrorBarbara Molony and Jennifer Nelson, eds., Women’s Activism and “Second Wave” Feminism: Transnational HistoriesN. K. Petrova, Zhenskie sud’by voiny (Women’s war fates)Feryal Saygılıgil and Nacide Berber, eds. Feminizm: Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce, Cilt 10 (Feminism: Thought in modern Turkey, vol. 10)Marsha Siefert, ed., Labor in State-Socialist Europe, 1945–1989: Contributions to a History of WorkZilka Šiljak Spahić, Sociologija roda: Feministička kritika (Sociology of gender: Feminist critique)Věra Sokolová and Ľubica Kobová, eds., Odvaha nesouhlasit: Feministické myšlení Hany Havelkové a jeho reflexe (The courage to disagree: Hana Havelková’s feminist thought and its reflections)Katarzyna Stańczak-Wiślicz, Piotr Perkowski, Małgorzata Fidelis, Barbara Klich-Kluczewska, Kobiety w Polsce, 1945–1989: Nowoczesność – równouprawnienie – komunizmp (Women in Poland, 1945–1989: Modernity, equality, communism)Vassiliki Theodorou and Despina Karakatsani, Strengthening Young Bodies, Building the Nation: A Social History of Children’s Health and Welfare in Greece (1890–1940) Maria Todorova, The Lost World of Socialists at Europe’s Margins: Imagining Utopia, 1870s–1920s Jessica Zychowicz, Superfluous Women: Art, Feminism and Revolution in Twenty-First-Century Ukraine

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Pauluk, Dorota. « A Woman in the Polish Model of Sex Education in the Stalinist and Post-Stalinist Period ». Historia scholastica 8, n^o 2 (décembre 2022) : 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/006/2022-2-007.

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After the Second World War, Poland imposed a socialist system and Marxist ideology. Communist propaganda proclaimed the slogans of emancipation and equality of women through work. This situation changed the relationship between the sexes and how roles were performed. Moral changes, a demographic explosion, high divorce and abortion rates were a serious scratch on the image of an ideal society for the communists. Sexual education was to counteract the negative trends. The article aims to show the image of a woman that emerges from the publication of sex education during the period of Stalinism and post-Stalinism. The compact publications recommended by the Society for Conscious Motherhood (1946–1962), supported by the communist authorities, were selected for the analysis. The female themes are a mixture of scientific knowledge and Marxist ideology. Sex education aimed to prepare responsible wives and mothers who would reconcile traditional roles with professional work. The knowledge of rational fertility management (contraception) was to ensure the fulfilment of the roles. With an emphasis on emancipation and equality, women were also held responsible for the quality of sex life, the welfare of marriage, family and socialist society. The argument for such an approach was to result from the natural differences between the sexes. The results of the analysis showed inconsistency and inconsistency in the emerging image of a woman and expectations regarding the performance of social roles.

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Tarkowska, Elzbieta. « Intra-household gender inequality : hidden dimensions of poverty among Polish women ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, n^o 4 (1 décembre 1997) : 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00028-4.

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This paper challenges recent findings from quantitative studies of poverty in post-communist countries which deny the existence of gender differences in poverty in post 1989 Poland. The author uncovers hidden forms of the feminization of poverty by studying it from the micro-perspective of the family and the household. This perspective highlights gender differences in the division of labor, leisure time, as well as the fact that it is women’s primary responsibility to secure the basic needs of the family. This study presents strong evidence for a variety of ways in which men and women experience and endure poverty differently in an impoverished area in Poland, a fact which is associated with the role of culture, history and tradition in shaping gendered patterns of reaction towards poverty and hardship. The paper is based on the content analysis of in-depth interviews collected during a field research conducted within the project “Old and new forms of poverty in Poland” (1997–1998) and “Poverty, Ethnicity, and Gender inTransitional Societies (1999–2000).

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Klimek-Dominiak, Elżbieta. « Daughters and sons of solidarity ask questions : Resistance, gender, race, and class in transgenerational women’s auto/biography, film and new media ». Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia 6 (10 octobre 2017) : 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2353-8546.6.13.

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Daughters and Sons of Solidarity Ask Questions: Resistance, Gender, Race, and Class in Transgenerational Women’s Auto/biography, Film and New MediaUnlike American historians challenging marginalization of women since the 1970s and theorizing usefulness of gender for history, the majority of Polish historians have been rather reluctant to address gender differences. The collapse of communism and transatlantic interest in retraditionalization stimulated interdisciplinary engendering of Solidarity. This article examines how significant, despite being strategically invisible, Solidarity women activists of the 1980s have been represented in oral history, auto/biography, film and new media as well as in dialogical genres such as auto/biography and relational memoir. The questioning of mythical visions of Solidarity focused on men and class has initially been resisted, but encouraged a debate about gender stereotypes in Poland. The early “archive fever” followed by a recent surge in transgenerational life writing on women oppositionists exploring gender along with ethnicity, class and age has helped to construct multi-layered portraits of anti-communist resistance. In the award-winning documentary and extended interviews, several Solidarity women activists evaluate critically their occasional complicity with posttotalitarian system, which may complicate ultranationalist narratives and fill a number of gaps in postcolonial and post-totalitarian studies of Central and Eastern Europe.Дочери и сыны солидарности задают вопросы: сопротивление, пол, раса и класс в межгенерационной авто/биографии женщин, кино и новых медиаВ отличие от американских историков, бросающих с 1970-х годов вызов маргинализации женщин и теоретизирующих полезность пола для истории, большинство польских историков довольно неохотно занимались гендерными различиями. Крах коммунизма и трансатлантический интерес к возрождению традиций стимулировал междисциплинарное создание »Солидарности«. В этой статье рассматривается как женщины-активисты »Солидарности« 1980-х годов, которые делали все возможное, чтобы стать стратегически невидимыми, были показаны в устной истории, в автобиографии и кино, новых медиа а также в таких диалогических жанрах, как автобиография и мемуары. Опрос, касающийся мифического изображения »Солидарности«, сосредоточен на мужчинах и классах, был отвергнут, но побудил дискуссию о гендерных стереотипах в Польше. Ранняя »архивная лихорадка«, за которой последовал недавний всплеск трансцендентной жизни, в рамках которой писалось о женщинах-оппозиционерах, изучающих гендерные аспекты, а также этническую принадлежность, класс и возраст, помогла построить многослойные портреты антикоммунистического сопротивления. Анализ успешного документального фильма, который был подвергнут критике со стороны женщин »Солидарности« за их соучастие в посттоталитарной системе, может также усложнить ультранационалистические рассказы и заполнить ряд разрывов в постколониальных исследованиях Центральной Европы.

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Kichelewski, Audrey. « Early writings on the Holocaust : French-Polish transnational circulations ». European Spatial Research and Policy 28, n^o 1 (30 juin 2021) : 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.28.1.05.

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This article analyses the differences and similarities between documentation centres active in the aftermath of the Holocaust both in France and in Poland. While in Poland the task was from 1945 assigned to the Central Jewish Historical Commission, in France, the Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation quickly overtook the lead on other minor centres established by Communist Jews or Bundists. The paper focuses on the links between those institutions, through contacts between members, exchanges of documentation, and parallel publications and exhibits. It shows that despite quite different political conditions, men and women working in these institutions shared a similar vision of transmission of history and memory of the Holocaust. They managed to implement their vision pa 19.03.2019 rtly thanks to their transnational links that helped transcend political and material difficulties.

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Bucur, Maria. « It’s Complicated ». Aspasia 16, n^o 1 (1 juin 2022) : 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2022.160112.

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Kristen Ghodsee, Why Women Have Better Sex under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence, New York: Hachette, 2018, 356 pp, $17.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781645036364Kateřina Lišková, Sexual Liberation, Socialist Style: Communist Czechoslovakia and the Science of Desire, 1945–1989, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018, 293 pp, $31.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781108341332Agnieszka Kościańska, Gender, Pleasure, and Violence: The Construction of Expert Knowledge of Sexuality in Poland, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2021, 268 pp, $42.00 (paperback), ISBN 9780253053091Agnieszka Kościańska, To See a Moose: The History of Polish Sex Education, New York: Berghahn, 2021, 354 pp, $145.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781800730601Anita Kurimay, Queer Budapest, 1871–1961, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020, 336 pp, $32.50 (paperback), ISBN 9780226705798

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Miziniak, Helena. « Polish Community in Great Britain ». Studia Polonijne 43, Specjalny (20 décembre 2022) : 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp2243.5s.

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The article presents the activity of Poles in Great Britain in the 20th century, beginning with the end of World War II, when a large group of Polish refugees and veterans settled in the UK. In 1947, the Federation of Poles was established to represent Polish community in Great Britain. The Association of Polish Women (1946) and the Relief Society for Poles (1946) were also formed at the same time. The article shows the involvement of the Polish community in Great Britain in the context of Polish history. This involvement included the organisation of anti-communist protests, carrying out various actions to inform people about the situation in Poland, organising material aid, supporting Poland at the time of the system transformation, and supporting Poland’s accession to the European Union. Over the decades, the Polish community in Great Britain has managed to set up numerous veterans’ and social organisations, Polish schools, it also built churches in order to preserve Polish culture abroad.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Women and communism – Poland – History"

Nowak, Barbara Agnieszka. « Serving women and the state the league of women in communist Poland / ». Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091553624.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 277 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-277). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Kozdra, Jan Ryszard. « “What sort of communists are you?” The struggle between nationalism and ideology in Poland between 1944 and 1956 ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1955.

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The period between 1944 and 1956, also known as the “Stalinist period”, is one of the most controversial and turbulent in Polish history. The Polish communist party launched the project of restructuring Polish society, whose historically wellestablished national identity seemed incompatible with the communist project. Firstly, the communists effected a demographic change that resulted in a near monoethnic state. Simultaneously, they introduced a centrally planned economy, transformed state symbolism, initiated a national education system, attempted to reshape popular attitudes to religion, and launched a massive propaganda campaign to reinforce and popularize their objectives. This study seeks to investigate the communists’ attempts to accommodate Polish nationalism, the impact these attempts had on the success of the communist project in Poland and, by implication, the governments’ relationship with Poles and the USSR. By exploring these aspects of the debate, the author discovered that Polish communists, Poles themselves in most cases, struggled to find a balance between their national identity and the communist ideology. In fact, the thesis argues that leaders of the Polish communist government developed a dual identity in their approach to governing Poland: that is, they were primarily nationalists rather than Stalinist communists, but retained some key elements of the ideological and totalitarian framework. As a result, the Polish communist project deviated from the Soviet model and ultimately failed to produce a new and coherent narrative. Crucially, the spread of literacy and education throughout Polish society served to reinforce historic national identity. In 1956, due to popular unrest, the quasitotalitarian Polish state had to abandon Stalinist style rule and effectively the nationalist component from thereon dominated the narrative of the regime.

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Parker, Douglas Scott. « Women in communist culture in Canada : 1932 to 1937 ». Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22614.

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During the Great Depression of the 1930s, many artists, writers, and dramatists joined the Communist Party of Canada and its cultural wing, the Progressive Arts Club. They produced plays, and contributed articles, poems and stories to socialist magazines, such as Masses and New Frontier. As the depression deepened and radical politics became less sectarian, women played a more prominent role in the cultural realm of radical politics. Their increased participation changed the way women were represented in art and literature; women's roles became less stereotypical, and women artists and writers combined both socialist and feminist concerns in their work. The journal New Frontier, founded by Jean "Jim" Watts and edited by two women and two men, provides numerous examples of socialist-feminist writing. Dorothy Livesay, one of the editors and a member of the Communist Party from 1932 to 1937, deserves special attention for her contribution to Canadian literature of social protest.

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Ehrlich, Adam. « Between Germany and Poland ethnic-cleansing and politicization of ethnicity in Upper Silesia under national socialism and communism, 1939--1950 / ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3195575.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-11, Section: A, page: 4146. Adviser: Maria Bucur. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 10, 2006).

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Roberts, Al D. « Mao’s War on Women : The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7530.

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The Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China in 1949 with the intention of creating a social utopia with equality between the sexes and China’s diverse ethnic groups. However, by portraying gender, ethnicity, and politics in propaganda along the lines of yin and yang, the Party perpetuated a situation of oppression for women and minorities.

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Materka, Edyta. « Kombinacja, or the arts of combination in agrarian Poland ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/952/.

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Peasants, workers, worker-peasants, nomenklatura and the state in northern Poland’s ‘Recovered Territories’ have employed a strategy they call ‘kombinacja’ to survive economic transitions into and out of socialism from 1945 to the present. Kombinacja is the process of manipulating space and legal, political, or cultural rules in order to appropriate a resource—food, commodities, labour, information, power—and then combine them into an ersatz product to meet an economic, cultural, or political end. No person, class, institution, or economy ‘owns’ kombinacja. The ‘who’ and ‘what’ are relational. The ‘when’ and ‘where’ are contextual. Yet, it is not ubiquitous; every kombinacja is a form of speech that charts a terrain of economic and political trajectories intended to shift the balance of power at a given point in time. This multi-sited historical ethnography tracks how these ‘arts of combination’ have pirouetted across agrarian and industrial, formal and informal, socialist and capitalist boundaries in the agro-industrial commune of Dobra. The arts of combination were forged through the exploitation of workers in Poland’s industrialising cities during the 19th century, across its popularisation as a survival strategy during Nazi-occupation, and towards its reformulation into an economic stabiliser for both villagers and the state during the ‘socialist’ era from 1945 to 1989. Villagers used kombinacja to access or hide resources from the state in the midst of broken supply chains, bureaucratic gridlock, food shortages, and complex regulations. When commune officials turned a blind eye to kombinacja to stay in power, they too drew from the arts of combination to ‘fix’ formal state problems in the commune. Kombinacja was used to subvert and accommodate the state. Reworking the state through kombinacja to ensure that no one went hungry informalised the command economy and contributed to the incremental breakdown of the local state apparatus into a feudal-like order. I then turn to nomenklatura privatisation, potato pilfering, alcohol consumption, mushroom foraging, and other practices to trace how kombinacja is being reformulated (or not) to rework post-socialism. The arts of combination call attention to practices that cut across a series of binaries - capitalist/socialist, formal/informal, state/non-state - to show how those marginalised by power seek to control the conditions of their subjection and how those in position of power seek to control the conditions of others’ subjection. Building upon J.K. Gibson-Graham’s ‘diverse economies’, the case of kombinacja shows us that informality does not always create alternatives that subjugate hegemony; rather, they can alternatively be used to crystallise a hegemonic imaginary. I suggest a much broader understanding of how informality has been a site of ingenuity and nequality, innovation and suffering, across time and space.

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Sproat, Liberty Peterson. « How Soviet Russia Liberated Women : The Soviet Model in Clara Zetkin's Periodical 'Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale' ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2366.pdf.

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So, Farina. « An Oral History of Cham Muslim Women in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge (KR) Regime ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276009791.

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Thorn, Brian T. « The hand that rocks the cradle rocks the world, women in Vancouver's Communist movement, 1935-1945 ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61609.pdf.

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Jezowska, Katarzyna. « Imagined Poland : representations of the nation state at the exhibitions of industry, craft and design, 1948-1974 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dc0bb054-9597-4ad5-a50f-1de899994ea6.

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This thesis examines the use of design in the construction of Poland's national identity at the international exhibitions in the Cold War period. It is the first comprehensive study of Polish design discourse in any language that rests at the crossroads of design studies and cultural history. Based on original archival material, both written and visual, and oral interviews this thesis tracks the process of construction of Imagined Poland alongside the development of the design discipline during the three post-war decades. It charts the trajectory of these two narratives and examines their critical reception. In doing so this research casts new light on the relationship between design and political history in the Cold War Europe. However, it is not a thesis about designed objects or spaces per se, but rather about their discursive qualities and the way that they were put in work to narrate the nation. Versatile and embedded in the cultural, economic and social contexts, design understand here in its broadest sense proved to be well suited to this role: it allowed political authorities, trade representatives and creative intelligentsia to address timely issues on their agendas. This thesis closely examines eight exhibitions organised in the Soviet Union, Italy, Belgium and Poland. The narratives of these events, as the thesis argues, reflected the state's changing self-understanding towards international public opinion. It indicates that although Polish exhibitions were occasionally adjusted to the particular location, their themes were largely shaped in response to the political developments at home and in the Eastern Europe. By using exhibitions as a framework, this thesis offers a new perspective to study Polish international modernism and suggests a limited impact of ideology on the development of professional networks. Subsequently it provides a nuanced reading of Poland's relationship with the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc and the rest of Europe beyond reductive paradigm of totalitarianism.

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Livres sur le sujet "Women and communism – Poland – History"

Women, communism, and industrialization in postwar Poland. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Fidelis, Malgorzata. Women, communism, and industrialization in postwar Poland. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Baer, Monika. Women's spaces : Class, gender and the club : an anthropological study of the transitional process in Poland. Wrocław : Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2003.

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Long, Kristi S. We all fought for freedom : Women in Poland's solidarity movement. Boulder, Colo : Westview Press, 1996.

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Europe, nationalism, communism : Essays on Poland. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2008.

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Walicki, Andrzej. Stanisław Brzozowski and the Polish beginnings of "Western Marxism". Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1989.

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Barrett, Stephen. Poland in transition : The return of the native. London : School of Slavonic and East European Studies, 2001.

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Fleming, Michael. Communism, nationalism and ethnicity in Poland, 1944-1950. New York, NY : Routledge, 2009.

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Communism, nationalism and ethnicity in Poland, 1944-50. London : Routledge, 2010.

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Fleming, Michael. Communism, nationalism and ethnicity in Poland, 1944-50. London : Routledge, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Women and communism – Poland – History"

Prażmowska, Anita J. « From Communism to Democracy ». Dans A History of Poland, 204–24. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34412-9_8.

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Prażmowska, Anita J. « The Second World War and the Establishment of Communism in Poland ». Dans A History of Poland, 182–203. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34412-9_7.

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Jarska, Natalia. « Women, Communism, and Repression in Interwar Poland : 1918–1939 ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Anti-Communist Persecutions, 423–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54963-3_20.

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Goddeeris, Idesbald. « Between Anti-Imperialism and Anti-Communism : Poland and International Solidarity with Vietnam ». Dans Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 113–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81050-4_5.

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Nowicka, Wanda, et Joanna Regulska. « Repressive Policies and Women’s Reproductive Choices in Poland ». Dans Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century, 228–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0014.

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This chapter reviews the history of women’s reproductive rights in Poland, starting with early 20th-century mobilizations, the de facto legalization of abortion during the communist era, and the post-1989 dramatic shift. It points to the cyclical nature of these struggles and mobilizations and also to the fact that they remain unresolved and are contested by both pro-choice and pro-life movements. The chapter examines these confrontations and shows how the alliance between state and church has produced a set of legal and moral controls over women’s bodies and shifted the power to decide away from women. It reviews restrictive legislation that has contributed to women’s and their families physical and emotional suffering and points to doctors’ complacency. It concludes that despite years of relentless pro-life pressure that has resulted in a change of public attitudes, women continue to resist, organize, and mobilize; thus, the struggle over women’s reproductive rights continues.

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« Communism and the Cold War, 1945–1989 ». Dans A Concise History of Poland, 360–409. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108333993.011.

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Polonsky, Antony. « Jews in Eastern Europe and Russia since the End of Communism ». Dans Jews in Poland and Russia : A Short History, 424–62. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764395.003.0012.

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This chapter highlights how the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union initiated a new period in the history of the Jews in the area. Poland was now a fully sovereign country, and Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Moldova also became independent states. Post-imperial Russia faced the task of creating a new form of national identity. This was to prove more difficult than in other post-imperial states since, unlike Britain and France, the tsarist empire and its successor, the Soviet Union, had not so much been the ruler of a colonial empire as an empire itself. All of these countries now embarked, with differing degrees of enthusiasm, on the difficult task of creating liberal democratic states with market economies. For the Jews of the area, the new political situation allowed both the creation and development of Jewish institutions and the fostering of Jewish cultural life in much freer conditions, but also facilitated emigration to Israel, North America, and western Europe on a much larger scale.

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« JEWS IN EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA SINCE THE END OF COMMUNISM ». Dans The Jews in Poland and Russia : A Short History, 424–62. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhn0d6w.19.

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Uslaner, Eric M. « Poland and Hungary ». Dans National Identity and Partisan Polarization, 98—C7.T2. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197633946.003.0007.

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Abstract Hungary and Poland were formerly ruled by Communist governments imposed by the Soviet Union. Both had long histories of their own culture, based upon ethnic heritage and religion. Once Communism was overthrown, both had brief periods of liberal democracy. The countries did not have a long history of democratic values and viewed immigrants as threats to their lineage. The ruling parties now favor exclusivist national identities but generous support for people of their own blood lines. They worry that people who are not of their ethnicity or religion threaten their historic cultures and have taken actions to restrict the rights of Muslims, Jews, and gays and lesbians.

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Orman, Kamila. « Ekstremistki, które nie poddały się WRON-ie. Historia łodzianek internowanych podczas stanu wojennego ». Dans Kobiety niepokorne. Reformatorki – buntowniczki – rewolucjonistki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/7969-873-8.03.

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After the imposition of martial law, approximately 10 thousand activists were interned on the charge of anti-government subversion. Among them, women dissidents who participated in Workers’ Defence Committee (KOR), Young Poland Movement (RMP), Confederation of Independent Poland (KPN) and co-founded the Independent Self-governing Trade Union ‘Solidarity’ (NSZZ „Solidarność”). Their involvement with the opposition resulted in years of repression – arrests, searches and seizures, job loss, constant surveillance. Nevertheless, at no point either before or after their internment, did the female Łódź activists succumb to the intimidation of the authorities. Upon release from confinement, most of them continued their conspiratorial work. After 1989, the internees engaged in either political or social activity or turned to family life and professional career. Undoubtedly, each and every one of them demonstrated courage and determination in their fight against the communist authorities of Polish People’s Republic (PRL). No sacrifice would have sufficed to stop them on the path they had chosen.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Women and communism – Poland – History"

Agata Kantarek, Anna, et Ivor Samuels. « Nowa Huta, Krakow, Poland. Old Urbanism, New Urbanism ? » Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6463.

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This paper considers the first stage of Nova Huta New Town built near Krakow in the 1950s. In contrast to UK and US new settlements of the post war period it is a high density apartment block development which was ignored in the literature for more than half a century because its design, based on a system of streets, is in contrast with contemporary forms of development, either low density garden city or higher density free standing apartment blocks. A discussion of its neglect and the recent rediscovery of its qualities, both in Poland and by exponents of the US New Urbanism (part of the Urban Morphology spectrum somewhat neglected by ISUF) leads to a systematic investigation of the development, its influences and how this project conceived in a radically different political and economic context, matches or departs from the tenets of the Charter for the New Urbanism. The extent to which the context has determined the differences leads to a conclusion discussing the enduring qualities and contemporary relevance of inherited urban forms. References: Biedrzycka A., Chyb A., Fryźlewicz M. (ed.) Nowa Huta - architektura i twórcy miasta idealnego. Niezrealizowane projekty, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, Kraków 2006. Gauthier,P. and J. Gilliland (2006), ‘Mapping urban morphology: a classification scheme for interpreting contributions to the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 10.1, 41-50 Hatherley, O.(2015) Landscapes of Communism. A history through buildings (Allen Lane,London). Juchnowicz, S. (2005) ‘Nowa Huta-przeszłość i wizja. Z doświadczeń warsaztatu projektowego in Nowa Huta-przyszłość i wizja’. Studium muzeum rozprosznego, Biblioteka Krzysztoforska, Krakow. Lisowski, B. (1968) Modern architecture in Poland (Polonia Publishing House, Warsaw). Plater Zyberk, E. (2015) ‘Traditional urbanism: design policy and case studies’. in Jeleński et al eds. Tradition and heritage in the contemporary image of the city, Volume 1, Wyd. Politechniki Krakowskiej, Krakow. p160-171. The Congress for the New Urbanism (1999) Charter of the New Urbanism (1999) (https://www.cnu.org/who-we-are/charter-new-urbanism) accessed 4 January 2017. Wyrozumski J. (eds.) Narodziny Nowej Huty Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii i Zabytków Krakowa, Kraków, 1999.

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Tucak, Ivana, et Anita Blagojević. « COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION ». Dans EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.

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