Articles de revues : « Wide subcategories »

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Herschend, Martin, Peter Jørgensen et Laertis Vaso. « Wide subcategories of $d$-cluster tilting subcategories ». Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, n^o 4 (23 janvier 2020) : 2281–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8051.

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Zhang, Chao, et Hongyan Cai. « A note on thick subcategories and wide subcategories ». Homology, Homotopy and Applications 19, n^o 2 (2017) : 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/hha.2017.v19.n2.a8.

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Yurikusa, Toshiya. « Wide Subcategories are Semistable ». Documenta Mathematica 23 (2018) : 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/dm/612.

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Marks, Frederik, et Jan Šťovíček. « Torsion classes, wide subcategories and localisations ». Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 49, n^o 3 (10 mars 2017) : 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms.12033.

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Marcos, Eduardo N., Octavio Mendoza, Corina Sáenz et Valente Santiago. « Wide subcategories of finitely generated Λ-modules ». Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 17, n^o 05 (26 avril 2018) : 1850082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498818500822.

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We explore some properties of wide subcategories of the category [Formula: see text] of finitely generated left [Formula: see text]-modules, for some artin algebra [Formula: see text] In particular we look at wide finitely generated subcategories and give a connection with the class of standard modules and standardly stratified algebras. Furthermore, for a wide class [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] we give necessary and sufficient conditions to see that [Formula: see text] for some projective [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] and finally, a connection with ring epimorphisms is given.

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Enomoto, Haruhisa. « Monobrick, a uniform approach to torsion-free classes and wide subcategories ». Advances in Mathematics 393 (décembre 2021) : 108113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2021.108113.

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Herschend, Martin, et Peter Jørgensen. « Classification of higher wide subcategories for higher Auslander algebras of type A ». Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 225, n^o 5 (mai 2021) : 106583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2020.106583.

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Adib-Hajbaghery, Mohsen, Shahnaz Bolandian-Bafghi et Mitra Zandi. « Nurses’ Perceptions of the Factors Contributing to the Development of the Love of the Profession : A Qualitative Content Analysis ». Nursing Reports 11, n^o 3 (9 septembre 2021) : 702–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11030066.

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As a professional value, the love of the profession can significantly affect nurses’ professional practice, behaviors and commitment. Many different factors can affect the love of the profession. The exploration of nurses’ experiences of these factors can provide valuable data for development of the love of the profession. The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ perceptions of the factors contributing to the development of the love of the profession. This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 using the conventional content analysis approach. The participants were thirteen nurses with different organizational positions purposively recruited from different settings in Iran. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed via the conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The factors contributing to the development of the love of the profession were categorized into four main categories, namely the public perception of the profession (with three subcategories), educational variables (with two subcategories), the characteristics of the profession (with four subcategories), and nurses’ self-evaluation (with three subcategories). The love of the profession is affected by a wide range of personal, educational, professional and social factors. The manipulation of these factors would help to develop nurses’ and nursing students’ love of the profession, and encourage people to choose nursing as a career.

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GARVER, ALEXANDER, et THOMAS MCCONVILLE. « ORIENTED FLIP GRAPHS, NONCROSSING TREE PARTITIONS, AND REPRESENTATION THEORY OF TILING ALGEBRAS ». Glasgow Mathematical Journal 62, n^o 1 (7 février 2019) : 147–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089519000028.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to understand lattices of certain subcategories in module categories of representation-finite gentle algebras called tiling algebras, as introduced by Coelho Simões and Parsons. We present combinatorial models for torsion pairs and wide subcategories in the module category of tiling algebras. Our models use the oriented flip graphs and noncrossing tree partitions, previously introduced by the authors, and a description of the extension spaces between indecomposable modules over tiling algebras. In addition, we classify two-term simple-minded collections in bounded derived categories of tiling algebras. As a consequence, we obtain a characterization of c-matrices for any quiver mutation-equivalent to a type A Dynkin quiver.

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Singla, Rajeev K., Ashok K. Dubey, Arun Garg, Ramesh K. Sharma, Marco Fiorino, Sara M. Ameen, Moawiya A. Haddad et Masnat Al-Hiary. « Natural Polyphenols : Chemical Classification, Definition of Classes, Subcategories, and Structures ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2019) : 1397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1397.

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Abstract Background: Polyphenols are natural compounds synthesized exclusively by plants with chemical features related to phenolic substances and eliciting strong antioxidants properties. Objective: The aim of this paper is to give a reliable overview of the chemical classification of natural polyphenols. Methods: Literature survey was done through google scholar, pubmed and scopus search engine. Results and Discussion: These molecules or classes of natural substances are characterized by two phenyl rings at least and one or more hydroxyl substituents. This description comprehends a large number of heterogeneous compounds with reference to their complexity. Therefore, polyphenols can be simply classified into flavonoids and non-flavonoids, or be subdivided in many sub-classes depending on the number of phenol units within their molecular structure, substituent groups, and/or the linkage type between phenol units. Polyphenols are widely distributed in plant tissues where they mainly exist in form of glycosides or aglycones. The structural diversity of flavonoid molecules arises from variations in hydroxylation pattern and oxidation state resulting in a wide range of compounds: flavanols, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and flavanonols.

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Soysal, Yılmaz, et Somayyeh Radmard. « Research Into Teacher Educators’ Discursive Moves : A Vygotskian Perspective ». Journal of Education 200, n^o 1 (11 septembre 2019) : 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022057419875120.

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This study presents an analysis of two teacher educators’ discursive moves. The participants were two teacher educators (TEs) and 46 prospective teachers enrolled in a classroom teaching program. Five coconstructivist teaching implementations were conducted and video recorded. The video-based data were analyzed through systematic observation in two phases: coding and counting. The TEs staged a wide range of discursive moves incorporating 10 higher-order categories (e.g., communicating, evaluating-judging-critiquing, challenging, and seeking evidence) and 39 subcategories. Communicating, monitoring-framing, and evaluating-judging-critiquing moves were found to be the most prominent enacted moves. Recommendations were offered for the professional development of TEs.

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Christianson, Monica, Ann Lalos, Göran Westman et Eva E. Johansson. « ``Eyes Wide Shut'' — Sexuality and risk in HIV-positive youth in Sweden : A qualitative study ». Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, n^o 1 (janvier 2007) : 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034940600812943.

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Aims: This study explores the perception of sexual risk-taking behaviour in young HIV+ women and men in Sweden and their understanding of why they caught HIV. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 HIV+ women and men aged 17—24 years, 7 born in Sweden and 3 immigrants. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed according to the stages of grounded theory. Results: The core category varying agency in the gendered sexual arena illustrated a spectrum of power available to these informants during sexual encounters. Two subcategories contextualized sexual practice: sociocultural blinds and from consensual to forced sex. Lack of adult supervision as a child, naïve views, being in love, alcohol and drugs, the macho ideal, and cultures of silence surrounding sexuality both individually and structurally all blinded them to the risks, making them vulnerable. Grouping narratives according to degree of consensus in sexual encounters demonstrated that sexual risks happened in a context of gendered power relations. Conclusion: This pioneering study reveals mechanisms that contribute to vulnerability and varied agency that may help in understanding why and how young people are at risk of contracting HIV. Public health strategies, which consider the role of gender and social background in the context of risky behaviours, could be developed from these findings.

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Kageyama, Hiroshi, Masakazu Miyajima, Ikuko Ogino, Madoka Nakajima, Kazuaki Shimoji, Ryoko Fukai, Noriko Miyake, Kenichi Nishiyama, Naomichi Matsumoto et Hajime Arai. « Panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna ». Journal of Neurosurgery 124, n^o 6 (juin 2016) : 1858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.6.jns15162.

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OBJECT The authors’ goal in this paper is to provide the first clinical, radiological, and genetic studies of panventriculomegaly (PaVM) defined by a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna. METHODS Clinical and brain imaging data from 28 PaVM patients (including 10 patients from 5 families) were retrospectively studied. Five children were included. In adult patients, the age at onset was 56.0 ± 16.7 years. Tetraventricular dilation, aqueductal opening with flow void on T2-weighted images, and a wide foramen of Magendie and large cisterna magna (wide cerebrospinal fluid space at the fourth ventricle outlet) were essential MRI findings for PaVM diagnosis. 3D fast asymmetrical spin echo sequences were used for visualization of cistern membranes. Time-spatial labeling inversion pulse examination was performed to analyze cerebrospinal fluid movement. Copy number variations were determined using high-resolution microarray and were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction with breakpoint sequencing. RESULTS Adult patients showed gait disturbance, urinary dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction. Five infant patients exhibited macrocranium. Patients were divided into 2 subcategories, those with or without downward bulging third ventricular floors and membranous structures in the prepontine cistern. Patients with bulging floors were successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Genetic analysis revealed a deletion in DNAH14 that encodes a dynein heavy chain protein associated with motile cilia function, and which co-segregated with patients in a family without a downward bulging third ventricular floor. CONCLUSIONS Panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of Magendie and a large cisterna magna may belong to a subtype of congenital hydrocephalus with familial accumulation, younger age at onset, and symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus. In addition, a family with PaVM has a gene mutation associated with dysfunction of motile cilia.

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Taboada, Maite, Marta Carretero et Jennifer Hinnell. « Loving and hating the movies in English, German and Spanish ». Languages in Contrast 14, n^o 1 (4 mars 2014) : 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.14.1.07tab.

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We present a quantitative analysis of evaluative language in a genre in which it is particularly prominent, that of movie reviews. The data chosen are non-professional consumer-generated reviews written in English, German and Spanish. The reviews are analysed in terms of the categories of Attitude and Graduation within the Appraisal framework (Martin and White, 2005). A number of similarities in the distribution of the Appraisal subcategories were found across the three languages, such as the high frequency of Appreciation and the narrow relationship between the global polarity of the reviews and the individual polarity of the spans. More importantly, the analysis uncovers a number of cross-linguistic distributional differences, which may be explained in terms of a wide array of factors, such as lexicogrammar, word order, argumentative style or sociocultural reasons.

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Cook, Ryan M., Heather J. Fye, Janelle Jones et Eric R. Baltrinic. « Self-Reported Symptoms of Burnout in Novice Professional Counselors : A Content Analysis ». Professional Counselor 11, n^o 1 (mars 2021) : 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/rmc.11.1.31.

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This study explored the self-reported symptoms of burnout in a sample of 246 novice professional counselors. The authors inductively analyzed 1,205 discrete units using content analysis, yielding 12 categories and related subcategories. Many emergent categories aligned with existing conceptualizations of burnout, while other categories offered new insights into how burnout manifested for novice professional counselors. Informed by these findings, the authors implore counseling scholars to consider, in their conceptualization of counselor burnout, a wide range of burnout symptoms, including those that were frequently endorsed symptoms (e.g., negative emotional experience, fatigue and tiredness, unfulfilled in counseling work) as well as less commonly endorsed symptoms (e.g., negative coping strategies, questions of one’s career choice, psychological distress). Implications for novice professional counselors and supervisors are offered, including a discussion about counselors’ experiences of burnout to ensure they are providing ethical services to their clients.

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Saafin, Saleh. « How to Help Students Learn English Better : Towards Creating a Language Learning Culture ». English Language Teaching 12, n^o 9 (30 août 2019) : 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n9p126.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate university students’ perspectives of effective teaching that helped them learn English better. Adopting an interpretative approach to the research, the data was collected in three phases. In Phase One an interview was used and 17 university students studying English in Intensive English programs were interviewed. In Phase Two a qualitative questionnaire was used and 165 students responded to it. In Phase Three four students were interviewed for further information about the effective teaching characteristics identified in phases one and two. The findings of the study revealed that effective EFL teaching had two main dimensions: instructional skills and human characteristics. A wide range of categories and subcategories were classified under each dimension. Bearing in mind the descriptions and information the respondents gave throughout the Three Phases, the broader picture of effective teaching reflected the idea of a learning culture that effective teachers had an important role in creating.

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Szlyk, J. P., A. Arditi, P. Coffey Bucci et D. Laderman. « Self-Report in Functional Assessment of Low Vision ». Journal of Visual Impairment & ; Blindness 84, n^o 2 (février 1990) : 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9008400202.

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Previous research on the relationship between performance of complex tasks and low vision has offered few clear predictors of visual function. In some clinical, screening, and rehabilitation settings, access to measures of vision whose validity extends to the conditions of daily life is limited. The low vision individual may be uniquely qualified to report on such inaccessible performance situations. We have constructed a 57-item questionnaire, administered by interview, designed to predict performance in low vision patients with visual field defects, on four broad categories of visual function: finding, detecting, scanning, and tracking. The finding and detecting categories were further subdivided into subcategories of functional visual field (e.g., finding close, detecting close and above). Subjects rated their experienced degree of difficulty on a wide variety of common tasks which specifically demand these functions. Validity was assessed with 41 subjects. The present study suggests that self-report can be an effective predictor of function, especially in conjunction with clinical psychophysical techniques.

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Alías, Francesc, Joan Claudi Socoró et Rosa Ma Alsina-Pagès. « WASN-Based Day–Night Characterization of Urban Anomalous Noise Events in Narrow and Wide Streets ». Sensors 20, n^o 17 (23 août 2020) : 4760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174760.

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In addition to air pollution, environmental noise has become one of the major hazards for citizens, being Road Traffic Noise (RTN) as its main source in urban areas. Recently, low-cost Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASNs) have become an alternative to traditional strategic noise mapping in cities. In order to monitor RTN solely, WASN-based approaches should automatize the off-line removal of those events unrelated to regular road traffic (e.g., sirens, airplanes, trams, etc.). Within the LIFE DYNAMAP project, 15 urban Anomalous Noise Events (ANEs) were described through an expert-based recording campaign. However, that work only focused on the overall analysis of the events gathered during non-sequential diurnal periods. As a step forward to characterize the temporal and local particularities of urban ANEs in real acoustic environments, this work analyses their distribution between day (06:00–22:00) and night (22:00–06:00) in narrow (1 lane) and wide (more than 1 lane) streets. The study is developed on a manually-labelled 151-h acoustic database obtained from the 24-nodes WASN deployed across DYNAMAP’s Milan pilot area during a weekday and a weekend day. Results confirm the unbalanced nature of the problem (RTN represents 83.5% of the data), while identifying 26 ANE subcategories mainly derived from pedestrians, animals, transports and industry. Their presence depends more significantly on the time period than on the street type, as most events have been observed in the day-time during the weekday, despite being especially present in narrow streets. Moreover, although ANEs show quite similar median durations regardless of time and location in general terms, they usually present higher median signal-to-noise ratios at night, mainly on the weekend, which becomes especially relevant for the WASN-based computation of equivalent RTN levels.

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Wang, Liqun, Stephen Stanfill, Liza Valentin-Blasini, Clifford H. Watson et Roberto Bravo Cardenas. « LC-MS/MS Analysis of Sugars, Alditols, and Humectants in Smokeless Tobacco Products ». Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, n^o 5 (1 mai 2019) : 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2019-0001.

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SummaryGlobally, smokeless tobacco (ST) includes a wide array of chemically diverse products generally used in the oral cavity. Although ST has been widely investigated, this study was undertaken to determine the levels of sugars (mono- and di-saccharides), alditols, and humectants present in major ST categories/subcategories by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). The products studied included chewing tobacco (loose leaf, plug, twist), US moist snuff, Swedish snus, creamy snuff, dry snuff, dissolvable tobacco products, and tobacco-coated toothpicks. The highest mean sugar level was detected in chewing tobacco (9.3–27.5%, w/w), followed by dissolvable tobacco (2.1%); all other products were lower than 1%. Creamy snuff had the highest mean alditol levels (22.6%), followed by dissolvable tobacco (15.4%); all others had levels lower than 1%. The detected mean humectant levels ranged from non-detectable to 5.9%. This study demonstrates the broad chemical diversity among ST. This research may aid researchers and public health advocates investigating the exposures and risks of ST. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 28 (2019) 203–213]

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Disanto, Giulio, Antonio J. Berlanga, Adam E. Handel, Andrea E. Para, Amy M. Burrell, Anastasia Fries, Lahiru Handunnetthi, Gabriele C. De Luca et Julia M. Morahan. « Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis : Scratching the Surface of a Complex Disease ». Autoimmune Diseases 2011 (2011) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/932351.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the etiology and the pathogenesis of MS has been extensively investigated, no single pathway, reliable biomarker, diagnostic test, or specific treatment have yet been identified for all MS patients. One of the reasons behind this failure is likely to be the wide heterogeneity observed within the MS population. The clinical course of MS is highly variable and includes several subcategories and variants. Moreover, apart from the well-established association with the HLA-class II DRB1*15:01 allele, other genetic variants have been shown to vary significantly across different populations and individuals. Finally both pathological and immunological studies suggest that different pathways may be active in different MS patients. We conclude that these “MS subtypes” should still be considered as part of the same disease but hypothesize that spatiotemporal effects of genetic and environmental agents differentially influence MS course. These considerations are extremely relevant, as outcome prediction and personalised medicine represent the central aim of modern research.

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Parsons, David. « A Mobile Learning Overview by Timeline and Mind Map ». International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 6, n^o 4 (octobre 2014) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2014100101.

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Mobile learning has been a research topic for some 20 years. Over that time it has encompassed a wide range of concepts, theories, designs, experiments and evaluations. With increasing interest in mobile learning from researchers and practitioners, an accessible overview of this area of research that encapsulates its many facets and features can provide a useful snapshot of the field to interested parties. This article provides a summary of the field of mobile learning, applying the main analysis categories of research, technology, content, learning and learner. The author presents these categories and subcategories in the form of a mind map, which outlines the details of the major themes in mobile learning. In addition, the author contextualises the key developments in mobile learning in a timeline. The intent of this article is that it may serve as an introduction to the research field of mobile learning, enabling researchers to quickly familiarise themselves with the type of work that has been done in the past, and the potential areas of investigation that might prove fruitful in the future.

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Hromádka, Vít, Jana Korytárová, Eva Vítková, Herbert Seelmann et Tomáš Funk. « New Aspects of Socioeconomic Assessment of the Railway Infrastructure Project Life Cycle ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 20 (21 octobre 2020) : 7355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207355.

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The paper deals with the issue of evaluation of socioeconomic impacts of occurrences emerging from railway infrastructure. The presented research results form part of a broader research subject focusing on the evaluation of the socioeconomic benefits of projects for the implementation of measures aimed at increasing the safety and reliability of railway infrastructure. The research topic addresses a part of the evaluation of railway infrastructure project efficiency within its life cycle using the cost–benefit analysis method. The methodology is based on the description and definition of input variables that are essential for the process of evaluating socioeconomic impacts. It is followed by another important step, which is the analysis of the categories and the number of occurrences, separately, for regional and national lines, and, further, the data is sorted according to whether occurrences emerge at stations or on a wide line. The result of the presented research is an overview of the calculated values of the expected socioeconomic impacts of partial occurrences according to the categories related to the year of operation on the railway infrastructure and the unit of measure. The research team carried out an inquiry into the annual impacts of the subcategories of occurrences related to one railway station and one kilometer of wide line, e.g., for national lines, the impacts of €2922.72/station/year and €41.67/km of wide line/year were determined. The results of the presented research represent important and necessary inputs for the next phase of the research topic, i.e., the evaluation of the socioeconomic benefits of projects increasing the safety and reliability of railway infrastructure.

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Zhou, Jingqi, Chang Liu, Michael Francis, Yitang Sun, Moon-Suhn Ryu, Arthur Grider et Kaixiong Ye. « Shared and Unique Clinical Effects of Five Circulating Minerals : A Comparative Phenome-Wide Mendelian-Randomization Study ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_105.

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Abstract Objectives To disentangle the shared and unique causal clinical effects of five circulating minerals – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium. Methods Genetic instruments for circulating minerals were curated from existing genome-wide association studies. Candidate clinical outcomes were identified with a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) between these genetic instruments and 853 phenotypes in 310,999 individuals from the UK Biobank. Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were performed to evaluate the causal associations between genetically predicted circulating mineral levels and candidate clinical outcomes. Multiple sensitivity tests were applied to detect and correct for the presence of horizontal pleiotropy. Results Iron and copper were found to share the most clinical outcomes. Genetically predicted higher blood levels of iron and copper are associated with lower risks of iron deficiency anemia and lipid metabolism disorders, including hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Consistently, they are also associated with lower blood levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On the other hand, osteoarthrosis (OA) and its subcategories are associated with the most minerals, including zinc, copper, and calcium. Genetically predicted higher blood levels of zinc and copper are associated with increased risk of OA, while calcium exhibits protective effects. Another five shared clinical effects were identified. For instance, zinc and magnesium are associated with a higher risk of bacterial infection; calcium and magnesium increase the risk of renal colic; iron increases while calcium decreases the risk of varicose veins. Unique clinical effects of each blood mineral were also pinpointed, such as iron enhancing the risk of glossitis and acquired foot deformities. Conclusions Our comparative PheWAS-MR study of five circulating minerals comprehensively characterized their shared and unique clinical effects, highlighting the causal roles of specific minerals in hyperlipidemia and OA. Our findings emphasize managing blood minerals, probably through dietary adjustments, for disease prevention. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture; National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Funds; Allen Foundation Inc.; University of Georgia Research Foundation.

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Martínez-Gómez, Mónica, Eliseo Bustamante et César Berna-Escriche. « Development and Validation of an E-Learning Education Model in the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Case Study in Secondary Education ». Sustainability 14, n^o 20 (15 octobre 2022) : 13261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013261.

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E-learning was crucial during the global lockdown. In this way, this article aims to propose and validate a holistic framework in which all the E-learning services are needed to ensure their effective implementation and use. To this end, an original 3S-T model, to measure E-learning success based on self-student assessment, was developed. This innovative model, which reinforces the existing theoretical framework of models, identifies a wide array of success predictors and relates them to various measures that help to reach success, including learning and academic achievements. The validation of the 3S-T model was carried out using the partial least squares structural regression equations modeling technique (PLS-SEM). In this analysis, four major constructors were identified as determinants of E-learning service performance, namely, the surrounding conditions, system characteristics, tutor’s development and student’s own performance. Although each of them is composed of several subcategories, finally, 15 indicators that estimate the fulfillment of these factors were defined and evaluated. The present study is strongly connected to the fourth goal of the Agenda established by the United Nations, which seeks Quality Education to ensure the sustainable development of countries.

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Soysal, Yi̇lmaz. « Managing A Discursive Journey for Classroom Inquiry : Examination of a Teacher’s Discursive Moves ». Journal of Science Learning 4, n^o 4 (19 septembre 2021) : 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v4i4.32029.

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This study presents an analysis of teacher discursive moves (TDMs) that aid students in altering their thinking and talking systems. The participants were a science who handled the immersion inquiry activities. The primary data source was the video recorded in the classroom. This video-based data was analyzed through systematic observation in two phases comprising coding and counting to reveal the mechanics of the discursive journey. Three assertions were made for the dynamics of the discursive journey. First, the teacher enacted a wide range of TDMs incorporating dialogically/monologically oriented, simplified (observe-compare-predict), and rather sophisticated moves (challenging). The challenging moves were the most featured among all analytical TDMs. Second, once higher-order categories were composed by collapsing subcategories of the displayed TDMs, the communicating-framing moves were the most prominent performed moves. Lastly, the teacher created an argumentative atmosphere in which the students had the right to evaluate and judge their classmates and teacher's utterances that modified the epistemic and social authority of the discursive journey. Finally, educational recommendations are offered in the context of teachers noticing the mechanics and dynamics of the discourse journey.

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Shrestha, Hina, Rajni Bala et Sandeep Arora. « Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems ». Journal of Pharmaceutics 2014 (19 mai 2014) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/801820.

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The principle objective of formulation of lipid-based drugs is to enhance their bioavailability. The use of lipids in drug delivery is no more a new trend now but is still the promising concept. Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) are one of the emerging technologies designed to address challenges like the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Lipid-based formulations can be tailored to meet a wide range of product requirements dictated by disease indication, route of administration, cost consideration, product stability, toxicity, and efficacy. These formulations are also a commercially viable strategy to formulate pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral delivery. In addition, lipid-based formulations have been shown to reduce the toxicity of various drugs by changing the biodistribution of the drug away from sensitive organs. However, the number of applications for lipid-based formulations has expanded as the nature and type of active drugs under investigation have become more varied. This paper mainly focuses on novel lipid-based formulations, namely, emulsions, vesicular systems, and lipid particulate systems and their subcategories as well as on their prominent applications in pharmaceutical drug delivery.

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Tesli, Martin, Katrine Verena Wirgenes, Timothy Hughes, Francesco Bettella, Lavinia Athanasiu, Eva S. Hoseth, Mari Nerhus et al. « VRK2 gene expression in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls ». British Journal of Psychiatry 209, n^o 2 (août 2016) : 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.161950.

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BackgroundCommon variants in the Vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2) gene have been associated with schizophrenia, but the relevance of its encoded protein VRK2 in the disorder remains unclear.AimsTo identify potential differences in VRK2 gene expression levels between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis not otherwise specified (PNOS) and healthy controls.MethodVRK2 mRNA level was measured in whole blood in 652 individuals (schizophrenia, n = 201; bipolar disorder, n = 167; PNOS, n = 61; healthy controls, n = 223), and compared across diagnostic categories and subcategories. Additionally, we analysed for association between 1566 VRK2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and mRNA levels.ResultsWe found lower VRK2 mRNA levels in schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (P<10–12), bipolar disorder (P<10–12) and PNOS (P = 0.0011), and lower levels in PNOS than in healthy controls (P = 0.0042) and bipolar disorder (P = 0.00026). Expression quantitative trait loci in close proximity to the transcription start site of the short isoforms of the VRK2 gene were identified.ConclusionsAltered VRK2 gene expression seems specific for schizophrenia and PNOS, which is in accordance with findings from genome-wide association studies. These results suggest that reduced VRK2 mRNA levels are involved in the underlying mechanisms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

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Annand, David. « Social presence within the community of inquiry framework ». International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 12, n^o 5 (29 juin 2011) : 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i5.924.

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<p>The role of social presence as defined by the community of inquiry (CoI) framework is critiqued through a review of recent literature. Evidence is presented that questions the actual extent of knowledge co-construction that occurs in most higher education settings and therefore challenges the framework’s underlying assumption of the need for sustained, contiguous, two-way communication in higher-level online learning environments. The CoI framework has evolved from the description of a learning process within a social constructivist paradigm to an empirically testable construct in an objectivist paradigm. Related research results indicate that social presence does not impact cognitive presence in a meaningful way and that best teaching practices suggested by CoI-based studies are informed by objectivist, cognitively oriented learning theories. These suggest that higher-order cognition may be achieved through wide and varied combinations of learner–teacher, learner–content, and learner–learner interaction. Controlled studies can and should be undertaken to compare learning outcomes using sustained, contiguous, two-way communication to other learning models. To facilitate this, subcategories of social and teaching presences need to be revamped and analysis adjusted to separate processes that support explicitly group-based learning activities from those used by individual students.</p>

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Curtain, Felicity, et Sara Grafenauer. « Health Star Rating in Grain Foods—Does It Adequately Differentiate Refined and Whole Grain Foods ? » Nutrients 11, n^o 2 (15 février 2019) : 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020415.

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The Australian front-of-pack labelling system, Health Star Rating (HSR), does not include whole grain (WG) in its algorithm, but uses dietary fibre (DF), despite Dietary Guidelines recommending WG over refined grain (RG) foods. This study aimed to determine how effectively HSR differentiates WG and RG foods. Product label data were collected 2017–18 from bread, rice, pasta, noodles, flour and breakfast cereals (n = 1127). Products not displaying HSR, DF per 100 g, and %WG ingredients were excluded, leaving a sample of 441 products; 68% were WG (≥8 g/manufacturer serving). There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in HSR between WG bread and breakfast cereal over RG varieties, yet the mean difference in stars depicted on the pack was only 0.4 for bread and 0.7 for breakfast cereal. There was no difference for rice (p = 0.131) or flour (p = 0.376). Median HSR also poorly differentiated WG. More WG foods scored 4–5 stars compared to RG, yet there was notable overlap between 3.5–5 stars. DF content between RG and WG subcategories was significantly different, however wide variation and overlap in DF highlights that this may not be a sufficient proxy measure, raising concerns that the HSR algorithm may not adequately communicate the benefits for consumers of swapping to WG foods.

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Kiani, Fatemeh, Alireza Shahsavani et Zeinab Barahoui. « Providing A Technical Solution to Improve Nurses' Performance in Drug Delivery : A qualitative study ». Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, n^o 2 (27 juin 2021) : 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i2.725.

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Background and Purpose: Providing services in the nursing profession is very wide. In the field of clinical services, one of the most important is to provide care related to medication, which in fact is one of the ways to assess the quality of nursing care, so this study aims to provide a solution. Technical measures were taken to improve the performance of nurses in the drug delivery process in hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in Iran Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and contractual content analysis method in 2017-18. Participants were 16 nurses and a physician working in different wards of the hospital who were included in the study by purposive sampling. The method of data collection was semi-structured interviews. All interviews were conducted and reviewed and analyzed by contractual content analysis. Results: In the present study, "steps to prevent drug error" as the main category and "acting professionally" and "providing technical solutions" as two subcategories were extracted from the data. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of nurses 'experience and knowledge as technical solutions to prevent drug errors can play an important role in improving nurses' performance and increasing patient safety

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Abraham, Lizy, Steven Davy, Muhammad Zawish, Rahul Mhapsekar, John A. Finn et Patrick Moran. « Preliminary Classification of Selected Farmland Habitats in Ireland Using Deep Neural Networks ». Sensors 22, n^o 6 (11 mars 2022) : 2190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062190.

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Ireland has a wide variety of farmlands that includes arable fields, grassland, hedgerows, streams, lakes, rivers, and native woodlands. Traditional methods of habitat identification rely on field surveys, which are resource intensive, therefore there is a strong need for digital methods to improve the speed and efficiency of identification and differentiation of farmland habitats. This is challenging because of the large number of subcategories having nearly indistinguishable features within the habitat classes. Heterogeneity among sites within the same habitat class is another problem. Therefore, this research work presents a preliminary technique for accurate farmland classification using stacked ensemble deep convolutional neural networks (DNNs). The proposed approach has been validated on a high-resolution dataset collected using drones. The image samples were manually labelled by the experts in the area before providing them to the DNNs for training purposes. Three pre-trained DNNs customized using the transfer learning approach are used as the base learners. The predicted features derived from the base learners were then used to train a DNN based meta-learner to achieve high classification rates. We analyse the obtained results in terms of convergence rate, confusion matrices, and ROC curves. This is a preliminary work and further research is needed to establish a standard technique.

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Lee, Eunjeong, et Jina Noh. « The Experiences and Needs of Early Childhood Special Education Teachers on the Management of Hospital Dispatch Classes for Young Children with Severe and Multiple Disabilities ». Korean Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 22, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2022) : 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21214/kecse.2022.22.3.107.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences and needs of early childhood special education teachers who have managed hospital dispatch classes for children with severe and multiple disabilities. For this purpose, individual interviews were conducted with 5 early childhood special education teachers who had experience working in a hospital dispatch class in city D. Data collected through individual interviews were analyzed into 3 themes, 7 subcategories, 20 semantic units through qualitative content analysis. The main findings were as follows. First, the participants felt confused when they encountered the unique form of a hospital dispatch class, but they communicated with each other and overcame difficulties, and were operating the class taking advantage of the characteristics of each hospital. Second, the participants felt difficulties in teaching children with severe and multiple disability, in terms of the characteristics of students, managing various curriculum due to students of a wide age range, communication with parents, and emotional aspects such as alienation and loneliness. Third, the participants needed professional manpower supply, guidance and training related to children with severe and multiple disabilities. Based on these results, it was discussed how to support early childhood special education teachers who run hospital-dispatched classes for children with severe and multiple disabilities.

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Tso, MK, M. Bigder, A. Dakson, C. Elliott, D. Guha, C. Iorio-Morin, M. Kameda-Smith et al. « C.05 Canadian neurosurgery operative landscape ». Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (juin 2016) : S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.71.

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Background: The Canadian Neurosurgery Research Collaborative (CNRC) is a trainee-led multi-centre collaboration made up of representatives from 12 of 14 neurosurgical centres with residency programs. To demonstrate the potential of this collaborative network, we gathered administrative operative data from each centre in order to provide a snapshot of the operative landscape in Canadian neurosurgery. Methods: Residents from each training program provided adult neurosurgical operative data for the 2014 calendar year, including the number of surgeries in the subcategories cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerve. Because some residency programs have surgeries distributed among more than one hospital, we calculated mean case load per residency program and per hospital. Results: Interim results from 6 neurosurgery residency programs are presented (with data from other programs forthcoming). Overall, there were on average 2,352 operative cases per residency program (n=6) and 1,176 operative cases per adult hospital (n=12). Among 5 programs with more detailed operative data, the mean numbers of cranial, spinal, peripheral nerve, and miscellaneous surgeries per residency program were 757 (47%), 487 (30%), 47 (3%), and 319 (20%) respectively. Conclusions: We show as a proof-of-concept that a trainee-led nation-wide research collaborative can generate meaningful data in a Canadian context.

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Bespalov, Y. « Categories : Between Cubes and Globes. Sketch I ». Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, n^o 12 (9 décembre 2019) : 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.12.1125.

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For a finite partially ordered set I, we define an abstract polytope PI which is a cube or a globe in the cases of discrete or linear poset, respectively. For a poset P, we have built a small category ♦P with finite lower subsets in P as objects. This category ♦P = ♦P+♦P- is factorized into a product of two wide subcategories ♦P+ of faces and ♦P- of degenerations. One can imagine a degeneration from I to J ⊂ I as a projection of an abstract polytope PI to the subspace spanned by J. Morphisms in ♦P+ with fixed target I are identified with faces of PI . The composition in ♦P admits the natural geometric interpretation. On the category ♦I of presheaves on ♦I , we construct a monad of free category in two steps: for a terminal presheaf, the free category is obtained via a generalized nerve construction; in the general case, the cells of a nerve are colored by elements of the initial presheaf. Strict P-fold categories are defined as algebras over this monad. All constructions are functorial in P. The usual theory of globular and cubical higher categories can be translated in a natural way into our general context.

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Spiriajevienė, Irma, Erika Čepienė et Eduardas Spiriajevas. « Adaptability of Human Geography Study Program Alumni Competencies in the Job Market ». Geografija ir edukacija mokslo almanachas / Geography and Education Science Almanac, n^o 9 (22 septembre 2021) : 20–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/ge.2021.2.

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research alumni preparedness for the job market. The aim of the study was to analyze alumni competences of the Master`s study program in Human Geography and compare them to job market demands. The analysis of theoretical performance appraisal by competencies indicated the importance of employee competencies. Graduates must be competent in professional erudition, functional flexibility, innovation and knowledge management, human resource mobilization, international orientation etc. The Master study program of Human Geography at KU has been successfully operating since 1998, and the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport included it in the list of the unique study programs in the Republic of Lithuania. In order to ensure that the competencies of the students could correspond to the labor market, the developers and renewers of the study program must regularly listen to the feedback of the graduates, who completed this program. A qualitative focus group study was conducted in order to reveal a reflection of graduates and their appraisal for better matching of the program to labor market needs. Empirical data were collected during the alumni round table discussion. The study involved 10 alumni and qualitative content analysis was performed to analyze the empirical data. After analyzing the data of the interview-discussion research, the following 7 categories were distinguished: Project preparation competence – one of the most important competencies of the master’s study program; GIS program management competence formation and application in work activities; International orientation, foreign language skills open more opportunities; Information, literature search and competences of literature analysis; Tendencies of adaptability of students competencies in practical and work activities; Unawareness of the profession of human geography in society; Suggestions for better compliance of alumni competencies with the labor market. The interview-discussion statements of the research participants were concentrated in the following main subcategories: Academic worldview formation (s); Strong alumni foreign language competence; Application of competencies shows wide multifunctionality of the study program; Importance of application of competencies is unquestionable; Project preparation competence is successfully applied or has a strong potential for application in work activities in the short and long term; Literature analysis; Information, literature search, etc. The content of all categories and subcategories is localized at a positive level of matching labor market to graduates’ competencies. Keywords: alumni, job market, human geography, master’s study program, content analysis.

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Zhou, Jingqi, Chang Liu, Michael Francis, Yitang Sun, Moon-Suhn Ryu, Arthur Grider et Kaixiong Ye. « The Causal Effects of Blood Iron and Copper on Lipid Metabolism Diseases : Evidence from Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study ». Nutrients 12, n^o 10 (17 octobre 2020) : 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103174.

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Blood levels of iron and copper, even within their normal ranges, have been associated with a wide range of clinical outcomes. The available epidemiological evidence for these associations is often inconsistent and suffers from confounding and reverse causation. This study aims to examine the causal clinical effects of blood iron and copper with Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Genetic instruments for the blood levels of iron and copper were curated from existing genome-wide association studies. Candidate clinical outcomes were identified based on a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) between these genetic instruments and a wide range of phenotypes in 310,999 unrelated individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. All signals passing stringent correction for multiple testing were followed by MR analyses, with replication in independent data sources where possible. We found that genetically predicted higher blood levels of iron and copper are both associated with lower risks of iron deficiency anemia (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.85, p = 1.90 × 10−6 for iron; OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.98, p = 0.032 for copper), lipid metabolism disorders, and its two subcategories, hyperlipidemia (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.96, p = 6.44 × 10−4; OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98, p = 5.51 × 10−3) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.95, p = 5.34 × 10−4; OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89–0.99, p = 0.022). Consistently, they are also associated with lower blood levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multiple sensitivity tests were applied to assess the presence of pleiotropy and the robustness of causal estimates. Regardless of the approaches, consistent evidence was obtained. Moreover, the unique clinical effects of each blood mineral were identified. Notably, genetically predicated higher blood iron is associated with an enhanced risk of varicose veins (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15–1.42, p = 4.34 × 10−6), while blood copper is positively associated with the risk of osteoarthrosis (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, p = 0.010). Sex-stratified MR analysis further revealed some degree of sex differences in their clinical effects. Our comparative PheWAS-MR study of iron and copper comprehensively characterized their shared and unique clinical effects, highlighting their potential causal roles in hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Given the modifiable nature of blood mineral status and the potential for clinical intervention, these findings warrant further investigation.

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Desmet, Lindsy, Jessie Dezutter, Anna Vandenhoeck et Annemie Dillen. « Spiritual Needs of Older Adults during Hospitalization : An Integrative Review ». Religions 11, n^o 10 (16 octobre 2020) : 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11100529.

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A hospital admission presents various challenges for a patient which often result in high or intense spiritual needs. To provide the best possible care for older adults during hospitalization, it is essential to assess patients’ spiritual needs. However, little research has been done into the spiritual needs of geriatric patients. This article seeks insight into what is known in the literature on the spiritual needs of geriatric patients. This integrative review presents a summary of the articles on this topic. To select eligible studies, the PRISMA Flow Diagram was used. This resulted in ten articles that have been reviewed. Results show (1) a wide interest in researching spiritual needs, using different research designs. In addition, (2) four subcategories of spiritual needs can be distinguished: (a) the need to be connected with others or with God/the transcendent/the divine, (b) religious needs, (c) the need to find meaning in life, and (d) the need to maintain one’s identity. Moreover, results show that (3) assessing spiritual needs is required to provide the best possible spiritual care, and that (4) there are four reasons for unmet spiritual needs. Further research is needed on the definition of spiritual needs and to investigate older patients’ spiritual needs and the relation with their well-being, mental health and religious coping mechanisms, in order to provide the best spiritual care.

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Shor, Samuel, Christine Green, Beatrice Szantyr, Steven Phillips, Kenneth Liegner, Joseph Burrascano, Robert Bransfield et Elizabeth L. Maloney. « Chronic Lyme Disease : An Evidence-Based Definition by the ILADS Working Group ». Antibiotics 8, n^o 4 (16 décembre 2019) : 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040269.

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Objective: Chronic Lyme disease has been a poorly defined term and often dismissed as a fictitious entity. In this paper, the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) provides its evidence-based definition of chronic Lyme disease. Definition: ILADS defines chronic Lyme disease (CLD) as a multisystem illness with a wide range of symptoms and/or signs that are either continuously or intermittently present for a minimum of six months. The illness is the result of an active and ongoing infection by any of several pathogenic members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (Bbsl). The infection has variable latency periods and signs and symptoms may wax, wane and migrate. CLD has two subcategories, CLD, untreated (CLD-U) and CLD, previously treated (CLD-PT). The latter requires that CLD manifestations persist or recur following treatment and are present continuously or in a relapsing/remitting pattern for a duration of six months or more. Methods: Systematic review of over 250 peer reviewed papers in the international literature to characterize the clinical spectrum of CLD-U and CLD-PT. Conclusion: This evidence-based definition of chronic Lyme disease clarifies the term’s meaning and the literature review validates that chronic and ongoing Bbsl infections can result in chronic disease. Use of this CLD definition will promote a better understanding of the infection and facilitate future research of this infection.

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Al-Qawasmi, Jamal, Muhammad Asif, Ahmed Abd El Fattah et Mohammad O. Babsail. « Water Efficiency and Management in Sustainable Building Rating Systems : Examining Variation in Criteria Usage ». Sustainability 11, n^o 8 (24 avril 2019) : 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082416.

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The building sector, due to the significant energy and environmental footprints it creates, needs to adopt sustainable approaches to help prevent global warming and climate change. Sustainable Building (SB) rating systems have been developed around the world as a method to promote sustainability in this sector. Water is one of the most vital natural resources, and is extensively consumed in the building sector. This article examines the coverage of water-related aspects in 11 prominent SB rating systems under the three key sustainability dimensions: environmental, economic, and social, using a comprehensive coverage analysis approach. Findings highlight a wide range of variation between the examined SB rating systems in terms of water attributes being assessed, water assessment criteria used, the optimal number of these criteria, and the weight assigned to them. Results also show that in general, most of the examined systems exhibit low representativeness and comprehensive coverage of major water subcategories and themes related to sustainable buildings. However, some moderate to high comprehensive coverage was found in water attributes that focus on the environmental and social aspects. The results indicate that representative and comprehensive coverage of social-related water attributes are less than that of environment-related water attributes. The results also highlighted the effectiveness of using coverage analysis techniques as a systematic and efficient way to assess comprehensive coverage of water criteria in SB rating systems.

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Fesenko, Tetiana. « Improving models for sustainability evaluation of construction projects in the initiation and planning processes ». Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, n^o 3(118) (31 août 2022) : 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.263668.

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The object of this study is the management processes of «sustainable construction». Sustainability is considered through the application of management processes that, in addition to the traditional tasks for construction projects, also outline the tasks of a wider context. Strategies and production practices of «sustainable construction» involve taking into account environmental, social and economic factors that affect a wide range of stakeholders and the overall condition of the built space. In this regard, the issue of applying management processes in the construction industry that ensure proper organizational and technological sustainability of projects is also being updated. This article aims to fill the existing information and methodological gap in the processes of assessing the sustainability of construction project management processes. A correlation method was applied to determine the interdependencies of the characteristics of the use of tools and methods in the processes of managing construction projects with the values of sustainable development 5Р (Product, Proses, People, Planet, and Prosperity). Highlighting the characteristics of permanence in project management processes helps to explain the difference in approaches for ensuring the internal sustainability of the construction object and the sustainable management of a construction project. A comprehensive methodology for quantitative assessment of sustainable construction project management in the initiation and planning processes under conditions of uncertainty is proposed. The relative importance of construction project management processes and subcategories of sustainable development of the construction site is taken into account. Basic mathematical models of sustainability assessment have been developed: balanced in all areas of knowledge of construction project management for each process, balanced across all construction project management processes at the «Initiation» and «Planning» phases for each category of sustainable development, and integral assessment of sustainability of construction project management processes.

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Kolagari, Shohreh, Zahra Sabzi et Elyas Younesi. « Perceived Problems of Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure : a Qualitative Study ». Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, n^o 4 (2022) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.04.02.

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Chronic respiratory failure is one of the concerns of the World Health Organization because of its widespread prevalence in the world. This disease has led to individual, family, and social dysfunction in these patients with a wide impact on physical, mental, and psychological dimensions. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study was conducted to explain the patients' perceived problems with chronic respiratory failure. The present qualitative study was performed using the conventional content analysis approach. Target targeted sampling selected chronic patients with respiratory failure from Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, Iran. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 patients. Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach analyzed data. Data management was performed by MAXQDA 10. Data analysis was summarized in 2 main categories and eight subcategories. Patients' perceived problems with chronic respiratory failure were extracted in two main categories and eight subclasses. The first main category of "perceived economic problems" with the instability subclasses of treatment costs, unemployment and insufficient income, unable to cover expenses, and the second main category of " unable to measure basic needs " with the subclasses of sexual dysfunction, defecation problems, eating disorders, sleep disorders and health problems. Policymakers and stakeholders, health system planners, welfare organizations, and support organizations should use supportive strategies to reduce or eliminate the problems of patients with chronic respiratory failure using the knowledge and understanding of their perceived problems.

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Faba-Pérez, Cristina, et Lara María Infante-Fernández. « The content disseminated on social media by public secondary school libraries as a reflection of society ». Electronic Library 37, n^o 1 (4 février 2019) : 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-04-2018-0073.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the type of content disseminated by school libraries through social media and what topics are the most commonly used, to discover if, in addition to topics concerning libraries, information with a wide social scope is also disseminated. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the use of social media as well as the implementation of a content analysis on the most used 2.0 platforms, to locate which content is the most relevant in the school libraries of public secondary schools in Extremadura. Findings In the Extremadura region of Spain, the results of the 752 publications posted during the period 2014-2017 by the libraries of the 86 public secondary schools on six selected social media platforms generated a total of 4 categories and 14 subcategories, and point to a predominance of topics related to encouraging and promoting reading and writing, and to the library’s support function for both the classroom and the school. However, shortcomings are detected in content related to social aspects of special interest, such as bullying or education in equality. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the fact that although there are some works on the analysis of the content of the social web of libraries in general, especially university libraries, the same does not apply to the evaluation of social media in school libraries, and much less about the analysis of social media content in these types of libraries.

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Boyd, Theonia K., Colleen A. Wright, Hein J. Odendaal, Amy J. Elliott, Mary Ann Sens, Rebecca D. Folkerth, Drucilla J. Roberts et Hannah C. Kinney. « The Stillbirth Classification System for the Safe Passage Study ». Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 20, n^o 2 (26 janvier 2017) : 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526616686251.

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Objective Describe the classification system for assigning the cause of stillbirth in the Safe Passage Study, an international, multi-institutional, prospective analysis conducted by the NIAAA/NICHD-funded Prenatal Alcohol in SIDS and Stillbirth (PASS) Research Network. The study mission is to determine the role of prenatal alcohol and/or cigarette smoke exposure in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirth, in a high-risk cohort of 12,000 maternal/fetal dyads. Methods The PASS Network classification system is based upon 5 “sites of origin” for cause of stillbirth, further subdivided into mechanism subcategories; both are employed to assign an ultimate cause of death. Each PASS stillbirth was assigned a cause of death and status of sporadic versus recurrent. Adjudication involved review of maternal and obstetrical records; fetal autopsy and placental findings; and required complete consensus in each case. Two published classification systems, ie, INCODE and ReCoDe, were used for comparison. Results Causes of stillbirth classified were fetal (26%), placental (53%), external (5%), and undetermined (16%). Nine cases (47%) had placental causes of death due to maternal disorders that carry recurrence risks. There was full agreement for cause of death across the 3 classification systems in 26% of cases and partial agreement among them in 42% of cases. Conclusions The proposed PASS schema employs a user-friendly classification that provides comparable information to previously published systems. Advantages include its simplicity, mechanistic formulations, tight clinicopathologic integration, provision for an undetermined category, and its wide applicability to perinatal mortality review boards with access to information routinely collected during clinicopathologic evaluations.

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Curley, Justin M., Katie L. Nugent, Kristina M. Clarke-Walper, Elizabeth A. Penix, James B. Macdonald, Jennifer L. McDonald et Joshua E. Wilk. « Results of the Behavioral Health Readiness Evaluation and Decision-Making Instrument Study ». Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (1 janvier 2021) : 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa401.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Recent reports have demonstrated behavioral health (BH) system and individual provider challenges to BH readiness success. These pose a risk to winning on the battlefield and present a significant safety issue for the Army. One of the most promising areas for achieving better BH readiness results lies in improving readiness decision-making support for BH providers. The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has taken the lead in addressing this challenge by developing and empirically testing such tools. The results of the Behavioral Health Readiness Evaluation and Decision-Making Instrument (B-REDI) field study are herein described. Methods The B-REDI study received WRAIR Institutional Review Board approval, and BH providers across five U.S. Army Forces Command installations completed surveys from September 2018 to March 2019. The B-REDI tools/training were disseminated to 307 providers through random clinic assignments. Of these, 250 (81%) providers consented to participate and 149 (60%) completed both initial and 3-month follow-up surveys. Survey items included a wide range of satisfaction, utilization, and proficiency-level outcome measures. Analyses included examinations of descriptive statistics, McNemar’s tests pre-/post-B-REDI exposure, Z-tests with subgroup populations, and chi-square tests with demographic comparisons. Results The B-REDI resulted in broad, statistically significant improvements across the measured range of provider proficiency-level outcomes. Net gains in each domain ranged from 16.5% to 22.9% for knowledge/awareness (P = .000), from 11.1% to 15.8% for personal confidence (P = .001-.000), and from 6.2% to 15.1% for decision-making/documentation (P = .035-.002) 3 months following B-REDI initiation, and only one (knowledge) failed to maintain a statistically significant improvement in all of its subcategories. The B-REDI also received high favorability ratings (79%-97% positive) across a wide array of end-user satisfaction measures. Conclusions The B-REDI directly addresses several critical Army BH readiness challenges by providing tangible decision-making support solutions for BH providers. Providers reported high degrees of end-user B-REDI satisfaction and significant improvements in all measured provider proficiency-level domains. By effectively addressing the readiness decision-making challenges Army BH providers encounter, B-REDI provides the Army BH health care system with a successful blueprint to set the conditions necessary for providers to make more accurate and timely readiness determinations. This may ultimately reduce safety and mission failure risks enterprise-wide, and policymakers should consider formalizing and integrating the B-REDI model into current Army BH practice.

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Korshunov, Andrey, Konstantin Okonechnikov, Damian Stichel, Marina Ryzhova, Daniel Schrimpf, Felix Sahm, Philipp Sievers et al. « Integrated molecular analysis of adult sonic hedgehog (SHH)-activated medulloblastomas reveals two clinically relevant tumor subsets with VEGFA as potent prognostic indicator ». Neuro-Oncology 23, n^o 9 (16 février 2021) : 1576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab031.

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Abstract Background Up to now, adult medulloblastoma (MB) patients are treated according to the protocols elaborated for pediatric MB although these tumors are different in terms of clinical outcomes and biology. Approximately 70% of adult MB disclose a sonic hedgehog (SHH) molecular signature in contrast to about 30% in pediatric cohorts. In addition, adult SHH-MB (aSHH-MB) are clinically heterogeneous but there is consensus neither on their optimal treatment nor on risk stratification. Thus, the identification of clinically relevant molecular subsets of aSHH-MB and identification of potential treatment targets remains inconclusive. Methods We analyzed 96 samples of institutionally diagnosed aSHH-MB through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, targeted DNA sequencing, and RNA sequencing to identify molecular subcategories of these tumors and assess their prognostic significance. Results We defined two aSHH-MB numerically comparable epigenetic subsets with clinical and molecular variability. The subset “aSHH-MBI” (46%/48%) was associated with PTCH1/SMO (54%/46%) mutations, “neuronal” transcriptional signatures, and favorable outcomes after combined radio-chemotherapy (5-year PFS = 80% and OS = 92%). The clinically unfavorable “aSHH-MBII” subset (50%/52%; 5-year PFS = 24% and OS = 45%) disclosed GLI2 amplifications (8%), loss of 10q (22%), and gene expression signatures associated with angiogenesis and embryonal development. aSHH-MBII tumors revealed strong and ubiquitous expression of VEGFA both at transcript and protein levels that was correlated with unfavorable outcome. Conclusions (1) The histologically uniform aSHH-MB cohort exhibits clear molecular heterogeneity separating these tumors into two molecular subsets (aSHH-MBI and aSHH-MBII), which are associated with different cytogenetics, mutational landscapes, gene expression signatures, and clinical course. (2) VEGFA appears to be a promising biomarker to predict clinical course, which needs further prospective validation as its potential role in the pathogenesis of this subset.

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Nijhof, Linde N., Marco van Brussel, Esther M. Pots, Raphaële R. L. van Litsenburg, Elise M. van de Putte, Joris M. van Montfrans et Sanne L. Nijhof. « Severe Fatigue Is Common Among Pediatric Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency and Is Not Related to Disease Activity ». Journal of Clinical Immunology 41, n^o 6 (17 mars 2021) : 1198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01013-7.

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Abstract Purpose Fatigue is a distressing symptom commonly reported among pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). However, the relationship between fatigue and disease activity is currently unknown. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we examined the prevalence of severe fatigue, the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the effects of disease activity and comorbidity on fatigue severity among pediatric patients 2–18 years of age with PID. Fatigue and HRQoL were assessed using the pediatric quality of life inventory multidimensional fatigue scale (PedsQL MFS) and generic core scales (PedsQL GCS), respectively. Linear regression analyses and an analysis of covariance were used to compare the fatigue scores with the scores obtained from a healthy control group. Data were adjusted for age and sex. Results Of the 91 eligible patients, 79 were assessed (87% participation rate), with a mean age of 10.4 ± 4.4 years. Pediatric patients with PID reported significantly higher fatigue levels compared to healthy peers, with an 18.9% prevalence of severe fatigue. Moreover, higher fatigue levels were inversely associated with HRQoL in all domains and directly associated with school absences. We found that severe fatigue was comparable between common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), combined immunodeficiency (CID), and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) patients, but was not reported in the X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patients studied. Finally, fatigue severity was not significantly associated with disease activity or comorbidity. Conclusions Nearly 20% of pediatric patients with PID reported experiencing severe fatigue, and fatigue was reported among a wide range of PID subcategories. In addition, severe fatigue negatively affected the patient’s quality of life and daily functioning, but was not associated with disease activity or comorbidity. Thus, targeting severe fatigue might be a promising strategy for improving the overall well-being and quality of life of pediatric patients with PID.

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Rhoades, Claudia A., Brian E. Whitacre et Alison F. Davis. « Higher Electronic Health Record Functionality Is Associated with Lower Operating Costs in Urban—but Not Rural—Hospitals ». Applied Clinical Informatics 13, n^o 03 (mai 2022) : 665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750415.

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Abstract Objectives The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between electronic health record (EHR) use/functionality and hospital operating costs (divided into five subcategories), and to compare the results across rural and urban facilities. Methods We match hospital-level data on EHR use/functionality with operating costs and facility characteristics to perform linear regressions with hospital- and time-fixed effects on a panel of 1,596 U.S. hospitals observed annually from 2016 to 2019. Our dependent variables are the logs of the various hospital operating cost categories, and alternative metrics for EHR use/functionality serve as the primary independent variables of interest. Data on EHR use/functionality are retrieved from the American Hospital Association's (AHA) Annual Survey of Hospitals Information Technology (IT) Supplement, and hospital operating cost and characteristic data are retrieved from the American Hospital Directory. We include only hospitals classified as “general medical and surgical,” removing specialty hospitals. Results Our results suggest, first, that increasing levels of EHR functionality are associated with hospital operating cost reductions. Second, that these significant cost reductions are exclusively seen in urban hospitals, with the associated coefficient suggesting cost savings of 0.14% for each additional EHR function. Third, that urban EHR-related cost reductions are driven by general/ancillary and outpatient costs. Finally, that a wide variety of EHR functions are associated with cost reductions for urban facilities, while no EHR function is associated with significant cost reductions in rural locations. Conclusion Increasing EHR functionality is associated with significant hospital operating cost reductions in urban locations. These results do not hold across geographies, and policies to promote greater EHR functionality in rural hospitals will likely not lead to short-term cost reductions.

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Rosetti, Ilaria, Clara Bertrand Cabral, Ana Pereira Roders, Marc Jacobs et Rosana Albuquerque. « Heritage and Sustainability : Regulating Participation ». Sustainability 14, n^o 3 (31 janvier 2022) : 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031674.

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In the past three decades, there has been increasing research carried out on the role of heritage and its processes in achieving broader sustainable development objectives beyond heritage conservation. As part of this movement, people-centered approaches and participation have been widely integrated into international regulations and guidelines on heritage management, stimulating the implementation of case studies-based research worldwide. Despite the wide advocacy of participatory heritage practices’ contributions to more inclusive and culturally sensitive local development in a great variety of projects, there is limited research into the roles these practices can have in addressing sustainability objectives. How are these roles addressed in international heritage regulatory frameworks, and what forms of participation are promoted for their fulfillment? This paper seeks to answer this research question through a content analysis of international declarations, conventions, guidelines, and policy documents focused on the roles and forms of participation that are promoted. A crossed-matched analysis of results reveals that active forms of participation are those most used to promote all roles and subcategories of participation, as a right, as a driver, and as an enabler of sustainable development. However, fewer active forms are presented as complementary at different stages of sustainability-oriented heritage practices. Moreover, a higher incidence of generic forms of participation can be observed in documents addressing international stakeholders, while partnership and intervention are to be found in those targeting regional and local actors. Nevertheless, the low incidence of decisional forms of participation confirms the challenges of power-sharing at all scales. Trends and influences are highlighted, informing heritage research, governance, and policymaking, but also revealing gaps and ambiguities in current regulations that further research encompassing a larger number of documents might confirm.

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Hou, Yufang, Katja Markert et Michael Strube. « Unrestricted Bridging Resolution ». Computational Linguistics 44, n^o 2 (juin 2018) : 237–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00315.

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In contrast to identity anaphors, which indicate coreference between a noun phrase and its antecedent, bridging anaphors link to their antecedent(s) via lexico-semantic, frame, or encyclopedic relations. Bridging resolution involves recognizing bridging anaphors and finding links to antecedents. In contrast to most prior work, we tackle both problems. Our work also follows a more wide-ranging definition of bridging than most previous work and does not impose any restrictions on the type of bridging anaphora or relations between anaphor and antecedent. We create a corpus (ISNotes) annotated for information status (IS), bridging being one of the IS subcategories. The annotations reach high reliability for all categories and marginal reliability for the bridging subcategory. We use a two-stage statistical global inference method for bridging resolution. Given all mentions in a document, the first stage, bridging anaphora recognition, recognizes bridging anaphors as a subtask of learning fine-grained IS. We use a cascading collective classification method where (i) collective classification allows us to investigate relations among several mentions and autocorrelation among IS classes and (ii) cascaded classification allows us to tackle class imbalance, important for minority classes such as bridging. We show that our method outperforms current methods both for IS recognition overall as well as for bridging, specifically. The second stage, bridging antecedent selection, finds the antecedents for all predicted bridging anaphors. We investigate the phenomenon of semantically or syntactically related bridging anaphors that share the same antecedent, a phenomenon we call sibling anaphors. We show that taking sibling anaphors into account in a joint inference model improves antecedent selection performance. In addition, we develop semantic and salience features for antecedent selection and suggest a novel method to build the candidate antecedent list for an anaphor, using the discourse scope of the anaphor. Our model outperforms previous work significantly.

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Aydin, Gokhan, et Gokhan Silahtaroglu. « Insights into mobile health application market via a content analysis of marketplace data with machine learning ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 1 (6 janvier 2021) : e0244302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244302.

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Background Despite the benefits offered by an abundance of health applications promoted on app marketplaces (e.g., Google Play Store), the wide adoption of mobile health and e-health apps is yet to come. Objective This study aims to investigate the current landscape of smartphone apps that focus on improving and sustaining health and wellbeing. Understanding the categories that popular apps focus on and the relevant features provided to users, which lead to higher user scores and downloads will offer insights to enable higher adoption in the general populace. This study on 1,000 mobile health applications aims to shed light on the reasons why particular apps are liked and adopted while many are not. Methods User-generated data (i.e. review scores) and company-generated data (i.e. app descriptions) were collected from app marketplaces and manually coded and categorized by two researchers. For analysis, Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest and Naïve Bayes Artificial Intelligence algorithms were used. Results The analysis led to features that attracted more download behavior and higher user scores. The findings suggest that apps that mention a privacy policy or provide videos in description lead to higher user scores, whereas free apps with in-app purchase possibilities, social networking and sharing features and feedback mechanisms lead to higher number of downloads. Moreover, differences in user scores and the total number of downloads are detected in distinct subcategories of mobile health apps. Conclusion This study contributes to the current knowledge of m-health application use by reviewing mobile health applications using content analysis and machine learning algorithms. The content analysis adds significant value by providing classification, keywords and factors that influence download behavior and user scores in a m-health context.

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