Bibliographies thématiques / Weighting methods

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Weighting methods »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Weighting methods"

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Krueger, Thomas, et Mark Wrolstad. « Portfolio Allocation Using Free Cash Flows and Other Methods ». Journal of Finance Issues 11, no 2 (31 décembre 2013) : 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v11i2.2518.

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There are many ways to allocate money invested in shares of common stock within one’s portfolio. The traditional and best known allocation methods are price-weighting, market capitalization-weighting, and equal-weighting. Of these three traditional allocation methods, we find that equally-weighted portfolios performed the best. More recently, attention has been focused on “fundamental weightings” which use financial statement items such as sales, total assets, net income, leverage, EBIT, and free cash flows to weight stock portfolio investments. Using a well-known set of stocks, this research provides insight into the relative advantages of using some of these alternative portfolio allocation methods. This study found that using free cash flows to weight portfolios was the only technique that outperformed equally-weighted portfolios and provided the investor with positive, statistically significant returns. It was also found that when using free cash flows to weight the portfolios, levels of free cash flows were more important that trends.
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Niño-Adan, Iratxe, Diana Manjarres, Itziar Landa-Torres et Eva Portillo. « Feature weighting methods : A review ». Expert Systems with Applications 184 (décembre 2021) : 115424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115424.

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Barlow, Roger. « Event classification using weighting methods ». Journal of Computational Physics 72, no 1 (septembre 1987) : 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(87)90078-7.

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Wu, Changbao, et Wilson W. Lu. « Calibration Weighting Methods for Complex Surveys ». International Statistical Review 84, no 1 (3 mars 2015) : 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/insr.12097.

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Jiang, Yihong, et Jianfa Shen. « Weighting for what ? A comparison of two weighting methods for measuring urban competitiveness ». Habitat International 38 (avril 2013) : 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.06.003.

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Csató, László, et Lajos Rónyai. « Incomplete Pairwise Comparison Matrices and Weighting Methods* ». Fundamenta Informaticae 144, no 3-4 (2 mai 2016) : 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2016-1337.

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Zaitseva, A., et V. Alopaeus. « Improving Group Contribution Methods by Distance Weighting ». Oil & ; Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 68, no 2 (mars 2013) : 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012035.

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Rajalakshmi, R. « SUPERVISED TERM WEIGHTING METHODS FOR URL CLASSIFICATION ». Journal of Computer Science 10, no 10 (1 octobre 2014) : 1969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2014.1969.1976.

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Pöyhönen, Mari, et Raimo P. Hämäläinen. « On the convergence of multiattribute weighting methods ». European Journal of Operational Research 129, no 3 (mars 2001) : 569–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(99)00467-1.

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Holt, D., et D. Elliot. « Methods of Weighting for Unit Non-Response ». Statistician 40, no 3 (1991) : 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2348286.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Weighting methods"

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Lu, Ling, et Bofeng Li. « Combining Different Feature Weighting Methods for Case Based Reasoning ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26603.

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Choo, Wei-Chong. « Volatility forecasting with exponential weighting, smooth transition and robust methods ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489421.

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This thesis focuses on the forecasting of the volatility in financial returns. Our first main contribution is the introduction of two new approaches for combining volatility forecasts. One approach involves the use of discounted weighted least square. The second proposed approach is smooth transition (ST) combining, which allows the combining weights to change gradually and smoothly over time in response to changes in suitably chosen transition variables.
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Ferreira, Junior Valnir, et N/A. « Improvements to Clause Weighting Local Search for Propositional Satisfiability ». Griffith University. Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070823.123257.

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The propositional satisfiability (SAT) problem is of considerable theoretical and practical relevance to the artificial intelligence (AI) community and has been used to model many pervasive AI tasks such as default reasoning, diagnosis, planning, image interpretation, and constraint satisfaction. Computational methods for SAT have historically fallen into two broad categories: complete search and local search. Within the local search category, clause weighting methods are amongst the best alternatives for SAT, becoming particularly attractive on problems where a complete search is impractical or where there is a need to find good candidate solutions within a short time. The thesis is concerned with the study of improvements to clause weighting local search methods for SAT. The main contributions are: A component-based framework for the functional analysis of local search methods. A clause weighting local search heuristic that exploits longer-term memory arising from clause weight manipulations. The approach first learns which clauses are globally hardest to satisfy and then uses this information to treat these clauses differentially during weight manipulation [Ferreira Jr and Thornton, 2004]. A study of heuristic tie breaking in the domain of additive clause weighting local search methods, and the introduction of a competitive method that uses heuristic tie breaking instead of the random tie breaking approach used in most existing methods [Ferreira Jr and Thornton, 2005]. An evaluation of backbone guidance for clause weighting local search, and the introduction of backbone guidance to three state-of-the-art clause weighting local search methods [Ferreira Jr, 2006]. A new clause weighting local search method for SAT that successfully exploits synergies between the longer-term memory and tie breaking heuristics developed in the thesis to significantly improve on the performance of current state-of-the-art local search methods for SAT-encoded instances containing identifiable CSP structure. Portions of this thesis have appeared in the following refereed publications: Longer-term memory in clause weighting local search for SAT. In Proceedings of the 17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 3339 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 730-741, Cairns, Australia, 2004. Tie breaking in clause weighting local search for SAT. In Proceedings of the 18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 3809 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 70–81, Sydney, Australia, 2005. Backbone guided dynamic local search for propositional satisfiability. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics, AI&M, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2006.
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Ferreira, Junior Valnir. « Improvements to Clause Weighting Local Search for Propositional Satisfiability ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365857.

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The propositional satisfiability (SAT) problem is of considerable theoretical and practical relevance to the artificial intelligence (AI) community and has been used to model many pervasive AI tasks such as default reasoning, diagnosis, planning, image interpretation, and constraint satisfaction. Computational methods for SAT have historically fallen into two broad categories: complete search and local search. Within the local search category, clause weighting methods are amongst the best alternatives for SAT, becoming particularly attractive on problems where a complete search is impractical or where there is a need to find good candidate solutions within a short time. The thesis is concerned with the study of improvements to clause weighting local search methods for SAT. The main contributions are: A component-based framework for the functional analysis of local search methods. A clause weighting local search heuristic that exploits longer-term memory arising from clause weight manipulations. The approach first learns which clauses are globally hardest to satisfy and then uses this information to treat these clauses differentially during weight manipulation [Ferreira Jr and Thornton, 2004]. A study of heuristic tie breaking in the domain of additive clause weighting local search methods, and the introduction of a competitive method that uses heuristic tie breaking instead of the random tie breaking approach used in most existing methods [Ferreira Jr and Thornton, 2005]. An evaluation of backbone guidance for clause weighting local search, and the introduction of backbone guidance to three state-of-the-art clause weighting local search methods [Ferreira Jr, 2006]. A new clause weighting local search method for SAT that successfully exploits synergies between the longer-term memory and tie breaking heuristics developed in the thesis to significantly improve on the performance of current state-of-the-art local search methods for SAT-encoded instances containing identifiable CSP structure. Portions of this thesis have appeared in the following refereed publications: Longer-term memory in clause weighting local search for SAT. In Proceedings of the 17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 3339 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 730-741, Cairns, Australia, 2004. Tie breaking in clause weighting local search for SAT. In Proceedings of the 18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 3809 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 70–81, Sydney, Australia, 2005. Backbone guided dynamic local search for propositional satisfiability. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics, AI&M, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 2006.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems
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Hawley, Kevin J. « A comparative analysis of areal interpolation methods ». Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1139949635.

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Chen, Ziyue. « Generalizing Results from Randomized Trials to Target Population via Weighting Methods Using Propensity Score ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503007759352248.

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Kaatz, Ewelina. « Development of benchmarks and weighting systems for building environmental assessment methods : opportunities of a participatory approach ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4767.

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Bibliography: leaves 41-44.
Sustainable construction is a tenns that emerged with the introduction of the concept of sustainable development in construction. Therefore, sustainable construction embraces socio-economic, cultural, biophysical, technical and process-orientated aspects of construction practice and activities. The progress towards sustain ability in construction may be assessed by implementation of good practice in building developments. Therefore, building environmental assessment methods are valuable tools of indicating such a progress as well as promoting sustainable approaches in construction. An effective building environmental assessment method requires definition of explicit benchmarks and weightings. These should take into account environmental, social and economic contexts of building developments. As the existing building environmental assessment methods largely ignore socioeconomic impacts of building developments, the implementation of a participatory approach in the development of benchmarks and weighting systems could greatly contribute to a more meaningful incorporation of social and economic aspects into the assessment process. Furthennore, the participation of stakeholders in establishing qualitative benchmarks and weights should increase the credibility of such a process. The participatory approach could allow for education of all stakeholders about the potential environmental, social and economic consequences of their decisions and actions, which is so vital for achieving their commitment to strive towards sustainable construction.
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Varma, Krishnaraj M. « Fast Split Arithmetic Encoder Architectures and Perceptual Coding Methods for Enhanced JPEG2000 Performance ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26519.

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JPEG2000 is a wavelet transform based image compression and coding standard. It provides superior rate-distortion performance when compared to the previous JPEG standard. In addition JPEG2000 provides four dimensions of scalability-distortion, resolution, spatial, and color. These superior features make JPEG2000 ideal for use in power and bandwidth limited mobile applications like urban search and rescue. Such applications require a fast, low power JPEG2000 encoder to be embedded on the mobile agent. This embedded encoder needs to also provide superior subjective quality to low bitrate images. This research addresses these two aspects of enhancing the performance of JPEG2000 encoders. The JPEG2000 standard includes a perceptual weighting method based on the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). Recent literature shows that perceptual methods based on subband standard deviation are also effective in image compression. This research presents two new perceptual weighting methods that combine information from both the human contrast sensitivity function as well as the standard deviation within a subband or code-block. These two new sets of perceptual weights are compared to the JPEG2000 CSF weights. The results indicate that our new weights performed better than the JPEG2000 CSF weights for high frequency images. Weights based solely on subband standard deviation are shown to perform worse than JPEG2000 CSF weights for all images at all compression ratios. Embedded block coding, EBCOT tier-1, is the most computationally intensive part of the JPEG2000 image coding standard. Past research on fast EBCOT tier-1 hardware implementations has concentrated on cycle efficient context formation. These pass-parallel architectures require that JPEG2000's three mode switches be turned on. While turning on the mode switches allows for arithmetic encoding from each coding pass to run independent of each other (and thus in parallel), it also disrupts the probability estimation engine of the arithmetic encoder, thus sacrificing coding efficiency for improved throughput. In this research a new fast EBCOT tier-1 design is presented: it is called the Split Arithmetic Encoder (SAE) process. The proposed process exploits concurrency to obtain improved throughput while preserving coding efficiency. The SAE process is evaluated using three methods: clock cycle estimation, multithreaded software implementation, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware implementation. All three methods achieve throughput improvement; the hardware implementation exhibits the largest speedup, as expected. A high speed, task-parallel, multithreaded, software architecture for EBCOT tier-1 based on the SAE process is proposed. SAE was implemented in software on two shared-memory architectures: a PC using hyperthreading and a multi-processor non-uniform memory access (NUMA) machine. The implementation adopts appropriate synchronization mechanisms that preserve the algorithm's causality constraints. Tests show that the new architecture is capable of improving throughput as much as 50% on the NUMA machine and as much as 19% on a PC with two virtual processing units. A high speed, multirate, FPGA implementation of the SAE process is also proposed. The mismatch between the rate of production of data by the context formation (CF) module and the rate of consumption of data by the arithmetic encoder (AE) module is studied in detail. Appropriate choices for FIFO sizes and FIFO write and read capabilities are made based on the statistics obtained from test runs of the algorithm. Using a fast CF module, this implementation was able to achieve as much as 120% improvement in throughput.
Ph. D.
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Wong, Mark. « Comparison of heat maps showing residence price generated using interpolation methods ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214110.

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In this report we attempt to provide insights in how interpolation can be used for creating heat maps showing residence prices for different residence markets in Sweden. More specifically, three interpolation methods are implemented and are then used on three Swedish residence markets. These three residence markets are of varying characteristics such as size and residence type. Data of residence sales and the physical definitions of the residence markets were collected. As residence sales are never identical, residence sales were preprocessed to make them comparable. For comparison, a so-called external predictor was used as an extra parameter for the interpolation method. In this report, distance to nearest public transportation was used as an external predictor. The interpolated heat maps were compared and evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Results show that each interpolation method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and that using an external predictor results in better heat maps compared to only using residence price as predictor. Kriging was found to be the most robust method and consistently resulted in the best interpolated heat maps for all residence markets. On the other hand, it was also the most time-consuming interpolation method.
Den här rapporten försöker ge insikter i hur interpolation kan användas för att skapa färgdiagram över bostadspriser för olika bostadsmarknader i Sverige. Mer specifikt implementeras tre interpolationsmetoder som sedan används på tre olika svenska bostadsmarknader. Dessa tre bostadsmarknader är av olika karaktär med hänsyn till storlek och bostadstyp. Bostadsförsäljningsdata och de fysiska definitionerna för bostadsmarknaderna samlades in. Eftersom bostadsförsäljningar aldrig är identiska, behandlas de först i syfte att göra dem jämförbara. En extern indikator, vilket är en extra parameter för interpolationsmetoder, undersöktes även. I den här rapporten användes avståndet till närmaste kollektiva transportmedel som extern indikator. De interpolerade färgdiagrammen jämfördes och utvärderades både med en kvantiativ och en kvalitativ metod. Resultaten visar att varje interpolationsmetod har sina styrkor och svagheter och att användandet av en extern indikator alltid renderade i ett bättre färgdiagram jämfört med att endast använda bostadspris som indikator. Kriging bedöms vara den mest robusta interpolationsmetoden och interpolerade även de bästa färgdiagrammen för alla bostadsmarknader. Samtidigt var det även den mest tidskrävande interpolationsmetoden.
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Schmidl, Ricarda. « Empirical essays on job search behavior, active labor market policies, and propensity score balancing methods ». Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7114/.

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In Chapter 1 of the dissertation, the role of social networks is analyzed as an important determinant in the search behavior of the unemployed. Based on the hypothesis that the unemployed generate information on vacancies through their social network, search theory predicts that individuals with large social networks should experience an increased productivity of informal search, and reduce their search in formal channels. Due to the higher productivity of search, unemployed with a larger network are also expected to have a higher reservation wage than unemployed with a small network. The model-theoretic predictions are tested and confirmed empirically. It is found that the search behavior of unemployed is significantly affected by the presence of social contacts, with larger networks implying a stronger substitution away from formal search channels towards informal channels. The substitution is particularly pronounced for passive formal search methods, i.e., search methods that generate rather non-specific types of job offer information at low relative cost. We also find small but significant positive effects of an increase of the network size on the reservation wage. These results have important implications on the analysis of the job search monitoring or counseling measures that are usually targeted at formal search only. Chapter 2 of the dissertation addresses the labor market effects of vacancy information during the early stages of unemployment. The outcomes considered are the speed of exit from unemployment, the effects on the quality of employment and the short-and medium-term effects on active labor market program (ALMP) participation. It is found that vacancy information significantly increases the speed of entry into employment; at the same time the probability to participate in ALMP is significantly reduced. Whereas the long-term reduction in the ALMP arises in consequence of the earlier exit from unemployment, we also observe a short-run decrease for some labor market groups which suggest that caseworker use high and low intensity activation measures interchangeably which is clearly questionable from an efficiency point of view. For unemployed who find a job through vacancy information we observe a small negative effect on the weekly number of hours worked. In Chapter 3, the long-term effects of participation in ALMP are assessed for unemployed youth under 25 years of age. Complementary to the analysis in Chapter 2, the effects of participation in time- and cost-intensive measures of active labor market policies are examined. In particular we study the effects of job creation schemes, wage subsidies, short-and long-term training measures and measures to promote the participation in vocational training. The outcome variables of interest are the probability to be in regular employment, and participation in further education during the 60 months following program entry. The analysis shows that all programs, except job creation schemes have positive and long-term effects on the employment probability of youth. In the short-run only short-term training measures generate positive effects, as long-term training programs and wage subsidies exhibit significant locking-in'' effects. Measures to promote vocational training are found to increase the probability of attending education and training significantly, whereas all other programs have either no or a negative effect on training participation. Effect heterogeneity with respect to the pre-treatment level education shows that young people with higher pre-treatment educational levels benefit more from participation most programs. However, for longer-term wage subsidies we also find strong positive effects for young people with low initial education levels. The relative benefit of training measures is higher in West than in East Germany. In the evaluation studies of Chapters 2 and 3 semi-parametric balancing methods of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) are used to eliminate the effects of counfounding factors that influence both the treatment participation as well as the outcome variable of interest, and to establish a causal relation between program participation and outcome differences. While PSM and IPW are intuitive and methodologically attractive as they do not require parametric assumptions, the practical implementation may become quite challenging due to their sensitivity to various data features. Given the importance of these methods in the evaluation literature, and the vast number of recent methodological contributions in this field, Chapter 4 aims to reduce the knowledge gap between the methodological and applied literature by summarizing new findings of the empirical and statistical literature and practical guidelines for future applied research. In contrast to previous publications this study does not only focus on the estimation of causal effects, but stresses that the balancing challenge can and should be discussed independent of question of causal identification of treatment effects on most empirical applications. Following a brief outline of the practical implementation steps required for PSM and IPW, these steps are presented in detail chronologically, outlining practical advice for each step. Subsequently, the topics of effect estimation, inference, sensitivity analysis and the combination with parametric estimation methods are discussed. Finally, new extensions of the methodology and avenues for future research are presented.
In Kapitel 1 der Dissertation wird die Rolle von sozialen Netzwerken als Determinante im Suchverhalten von Arbeitslosen analysiert. Basierend auf der Hypothese, dass Arbeitslose durch ihr soziales Netzwerk Informationen über Stellenangebote generieren, sollten Personen mit großen sozialen Netzwerken eine erhöhte Produktivität ihrer informellen Suche erfahren, und ihre Suche in formellen Kanälen reduzieren. Durch die höhere Produktivität der Suche sollte für diese Personen zudem der Reservationslohn steigen. Die modelltheoretischen Vorhersagen werden empirisch getestet, wobei die Netzwerkinformationen durch die Anzahl guter Freunde, sowie Kontakthäufigkeit zu früheren Kollegen approximiert wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Suchverhalten der Arbeitslosen durch das Vorhandensein sozialer Kontakte signifikant beeinflusst wird. Insbesondere sinkt mit der Netzwerkgröße formelle Arbeitssuche - die Substitution ist besonders ausgeprägt für passive formelle Suchmethoden, d.h. Informationsquellen die eher unspezifische Arten von Jobangeboten bei niedrigen relativen Kosten erzeugen. Im Einklang mit den Vorhersagen des theoretischen Modells finden sich auch deutlich positive Auswirkungen einer Erhöhung der Netzwerkgröße auf den Reservationslohn. Kapitel 2 befasst sich mit den Arbeitsmarkteffekten von Vermittlungsangeboten (VI) in der frühzeitigen Aktivierungsphase von Arbeitslosen. Die Nutzung von VI könnte dabei eine „doppelte Dividende“ versprechen. Zum einen reduziert die frühe Aktivierung die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit, und somit auch die Notwendigkeit späterer Teilnahme in Arbeitsmarktprogrammen (ALMP). Zum anderen ist die Aktivierung durch Information mit geringeren locking-in‘‘ Effekten verbunden als die Teilnahme in ALMP. Ziel der Analyse ist es, die Effekte von frühen VI auf die Eingliederungsgeschwindigkeit, sowie die Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit in ALMP zu messen. Zudem werden mögliche Effekte auf die Qualität der Beschäftigung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass VI die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit signifikant erhöhen, und dass gleichzeitig die Wahrscheinlichkeit in ALMP teilzunehmen signifikant reduziert wird. Für die meisten betrachteten Subgruppen ergibt sich die langfristige Reduktion der ALMP Teilnahme als Konsequenz der schnelleren Eingliederung. Für einzelne Arbeitsmarktgruppen ergibt sich zudem eine frühe und temporare Reduktion, was darauf hinweist, dass Maßnahmen mit hohen und geringen „locking-in“ Effekten aus Sicht der Sachbearbeiter austauschbar sind, was aus Effizienzgesichtspunkten fragwürdig ist. Es wird ein geringer negativer Effekt auf die wöchentliche Stundenanzahl in der ersten abhängigen Beschäftigung nach Arbeitslosigkeit beobachtet. In Kapitel 3 werden die Langzeiteffekte von ALMP für arbeitslose Jugendliche unter 25 Jahren ermittelt. Die untersuchten ALMP sind ABM-Maßnahmen, Lohnsubventionen, kurz-und langfristige Maßnahmen der beruflichen Bildung sowie Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Teilnahme an Berufsausbildung. Ab Eintritt in die Maßnahme werden Teilnehmer und Nicht-Teilnehmer für einen Zeitraum von sechs Jahren beobachtet. Als Zielvariable wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit regulärer Beschäftigung, sowie die Teilnahme in Ausbildung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle Programme, bis auf ABM, positive und langfristige Effekte auf die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit von Jugendlichen haben. Kurzfristig finden wir jedoch nur für kurze Trainingsmaßnahmen positive Effekte, da lange Trainingsmaßnahmen und Lohnzuschüsse mit signifikanten locking-in‘‘ Effekten verbunden sind. Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Berufsausbildung erhöhen die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Teilnahme an einer Ausbildung, während alle anderen Programme keinen oder einen negativen Effekt auf die Ausbildungsteilnahme haben. Jugendliche mit höherem Ausbildungsniveau profitieren stärker von der Programmteilnahme. Jedoch zeigen sich für längerfristige Lohnsubventionen ebenfalls starke positive Effekte für Jugendliche mit geringer Vorbildung. Der relative Nutzen von Trainingsmaßnahmen ist höher in West- als in Ostdeutschland. In den Evaluationsstudien der Kapitel 2 und 3 werden die semi-parametrischen Gewichtungsverfahren Propensity Score Matching (PSM) und Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) verwendet, um den Einfluss verzerrender Faktoren, die sowohl die Maßnahmenteilnahme als auch die Zielvariablen beeinflussen zu beseitigen, und kausale Effekte der Programmteilahme zu ermitteln. Während PSM and IPW intuitiv und methodisch sehr attraktiv sind, stellt die Implementierung der Methoden in der Praxis jedoch oft eine große Herausforderung dar. Das Ziel von Kapitel 4 ist es daher, praktische Hinweise zur Implementierung dieser Methoden zu geben. Zu diesem Zweck werden neue Erkenntnisse der empirischen und statistischen Literatur zusammengefasst und praxisbezogene Richtlinien für die angewandte Forschung abgeleitet. Basierend auf einer theoretischen Motivation und einer Skizzierung der praktischen Implementierungsschritte von PSM und IPW werden diese Schritte chronologisch dargestellt, wobei auch auf praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse aus der methodischen Forschung eingegangen wird. Im Anschluss werden die Themen Effektschätzung, Inferenz, Sensitivitätsanalyse und die Kombination von IPW und PSM mit anderen statistischen Methoden diskutiert. Abschließend werden neue Erweiterungen der Methodik aufgeführt.
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Livres sur le sujet "Weighting methods"

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Lerch, F. J. Optimum data weighting and error calibration for estimation of gravitational parameters. Greenbelt, Md : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1989.

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Zardari, Noorul Hassan, Kamal Ahmed, Sharif Moniruzzaman Shirazi et Zulkifli Bin Yusop. Weighting Methods and their Effects on Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model Outcomes in Water Resources Management. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12586-2.

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Branson, Nicola. Re-weighting the OHS and LFS national household survey data to create a consistent series over time : A cross entropy estimation approach. Cape Town : Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, 2009.

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Oktay, Baysal, et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Investigation of dispersion-relation-preserving scheme and spectral analysis methods for acoustic waves. [Washington, D.C : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Oktay, Baysal, et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Investigation of dispersion-relation-preserving scheme and spectral analysis methods for acoustic waves. [Washington, D.C : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Christine, Bachrach, National Survey of Family Growth (U.S.) et National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), dir. National survey of family growth, cycle III : Sample design, weighting, and variance estimation : this report describes the procedures used to select the sample. Hyattsville, Md : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, 1985.

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Kesoretskikh, Ivan, et Sergey Zotov. Landscape vulnerability : concept and assessment. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045820.

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The monograph presents a methodology for assessing the vulnerability of landscapes to external influences. A comparative analysis of the concepts of "stability", "sensitivity", "vulnerability" in relation to natural complexes. An overview of existing methods for assessing the vulnerability of natural complexes is presented. The author's method of assessing the vulnerability of landscapes to anthropogenic impacts is described. The methodology is based on: selection and justification of criteria for assessing the vulnerability of landscapes; preparation of a parametric matrix and gradation of assessment criteria in accordance with the developed vulnerability classes; calculation of weighting factors of vulnerability assessment parameters; selection of optimal territorial operational unit for landscape vulnerability assessment. The method is implemented in the GIS environment "Assessment of vulnerability of landscapes of the Kaliningrad region to anthropogenic impacts", created by the authors using modern geoinformation products. The specificity of spatial differentiation of different landscapes in terms of vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts at the regional and local levels is revealed. It is stated that the use of the methodology for assessing the vulnerability of landscapes to anthropogenic impacts and its integration into the system of nature management will ensure a balanced account of geoecological features and environmental priorities in territorial planning. It is of interest to specialists in the field of rational nature management, environmental protection, spatial planning.
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1939-, Fix George J., et Langley Research Center, dir. Least squares finite element simulation of transonic flows. Hampton, Va : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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Dilsavor, Ronald Louis. Analysis of modified SMI method for adaptive array weight control. Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Valliant, Richard, Frauke Kreuter et Jill A. Dever. Practical Tools for Designing and Weighting Survey Samples. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Weighting methods"

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Pomerol, Jean-Charles, et Sergio Barba-Romero. « Weighting Methods and Associated Problems ». Dans Multicriterion Decision in Management, 75–104. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4459-3_4.

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Hidiroglou, Michael A., Carl-Erik Särndal et David A. Binder. « Weighting and Estimation in Business Surveys ». Dans Business Survey Methods, 475–502. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118150504.ch25.

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Szilágyi, Roland, Beatrix Varga et Renáta Géczi-Papp. « Estimation Methods Based on Weighting Clusters ». Dans Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 103–13. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3311-2_9.

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Cavers, Michael, et Joseph Ling. « Confidence Weighting Procedures for Multiple-Choice Tests ». Dans Advanced Statistical Methods in Data Science, 171–81. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2594-5_9.

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Yu, Ruoqi. « Matching Methods for Large Observational Studies ». Dans Handbook of Matching and Weighting Adjustments for Causal Inference, 239–60. Boca Raton : Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003102670-13.

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Pendyala, Ram M., et Ryuichi Kitamura. « Weighting Methods for Attrition in Choice-Based Panels ». Dans Transportation Research, Economics and Policy, 233–57. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2642-8_9.

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Pinoli, Pietro, Davide Chicco et Marco Masseroli. « Weighting Scheme Methods for Enhanced Genomic Annotation Prediction ». Dans Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, 76–89. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09042-9_6.

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Xue, Wei, et Xinshun Xu. « Three New Feature Weighting Methods for Text Categorization ». Dans Web Information Systems and Mining, 352–59. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16515-3_44.

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Bentley, L. R. « Groundwater Parameter Estimation with Non-Diagonal Weighting Matrices ». Dans Computational Methods in Water Resources X, 711–18. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9204-3_86.

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Moore, B. J. « Weighting Factors in the Inversion of Seismic Data ». Dans Geophysical Data Inversion Methods and Applications, 531–46. Wiesbaden : Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89416-8_31.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Weighting methods"

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Huang, Zhuying, Jianping Chai, Bo Li et Xi Feng. « Index weighting methods ». Dans 2017 IEEE 2nd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2017.8285050.

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Buckley, Chris. « The importance of proper weighting methods ». Dans the workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1075671.1075753.

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Yu, Hwanjo, Jinoh Oh et Wook-Shin Han. « Efficient feature weighting methods for ranking ». Dans Proceeding of the 18th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1645953.1646100.

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Hannula, Jari-Matti, Anu Lehtovuori et Ville Viikari. « Comparison of Different Antenna Cluster Weighting Methods ». Dans 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135955.

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Xue, Qiao, Lei Huang, Ping Yan, Mali Gong, Zexin Feng, Yuntao Qiu, Tenghao Li, Xingkun Ma et Yunbin Wang. « An optimized amplitude-weighting-wavefront correction algorithm in lasers system ». Dans Adaptive Optics : Methods, Analysis and Applications. Washington, D.C. : OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aopt.2013.ow4a.3.

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Kaščáková, Alena, Viera Mendelová et Gabriela Nedelová. « Weighting Methods in Construction of Active Ageing Indicator ». Dans Applications of Mathematics and Statistics in Economics. International Scientific Conference : Szklarska Poręba, 30 August- 3 September 2017. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/amse.2017.20.20.

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Eshlaghy, Abbas, et Reza Radfar. « A New Approach for Classification of Weighting Methods ». Dans 2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2006.262391.

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Hassan, Samer, et Carmen Banea. « Random-walk term weighting for improved text classification ». Dans TextGraphs : the First Workshop on Graph Based Methods for Natural Language Processing. Morristown, NJ, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1654758.1654770.

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Wang, Rui, Masao Utiyama, Lemao Liu, Kehai Chen et Eiichiro Sumita. « Instance Weighting for Neural Machine Translation Domain Adaptation ». Dans Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1155.

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Cetin, M., et M. F. Amasyali. « Supervised and traditional term weighting methods for sentiment analysis ». Dans 2013 21st Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2013.6531173.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Weighting methods"

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Irimata, Katherine, Yulei He, Van Parsons, Hee-Choon Shin et Guangyu Zhang. Calibration Weighting Methods for the National Center for Health Statistics Research and Development Survey. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:123463.

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Kiedrowski, Brian C. Adjoint Weighting Methods Applied to Monte Carlo Simulations of Applications and Experiments in Nuclear Criticality. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1122890.

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Greenblatt, Jeffery B., Hung-Chia Yang, Louis-Benoit Desroches, Scott J. Young, Bereket Beraki, Sarah K. Price, Stacy Pratt, Henry Willem et Sally M. Donovan. U.S. residential consumer product information : Validation of methods for post-stratification weighting of Amazon Mechanical Turk surveys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171750.

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Olefirenko, Nadiia V., Ilona I. Kostikova, Nataliia O. Ponomarova, Kateryna O. Lebedieva, Vira M. Andriievska et Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Training elementary school teachers-to-be at Computer Science lessons to evaluate e-tools. [б. в.], juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3890.

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The study purpose is to develop methodological support for students’ training for evaluation e-tools for young learners and to check its effectiveness experimentally. The module “Expert evaluation of the quality of e-tools for young learners” is offered for teachers-to-be. The determination of the weighting factor of each criterion by expert evaluations was organized. Educational principles, correlation e-tool content with the curriculum, interactivity, multimedia, assistance system, ergonomic requirements are mentioned. On the basis of the criterion rank, the significance of each criterion was calculated. The indicators to determine the level of preliminary expert evaluations of e-tools are proposed. The results are calculated with nonparametric methods of mathematical statistics, in particular, Pearson’s criterion χ2. The conclusion is the expert evaluation has different activity stages, gradually becoming a common phenomenon. Training teachers-to-be for e-tool expert evaluation at Computer Science, Mathematics, English is a complex process.
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Dutra, Lauren M., Matthew C. Farrelly, Brian Bradfield, Jamie Ridenhour et Jamie Guillory. Modeling the Probability of Fraud in Social Media in a National Cannabis Survey. RTI Press, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0046.2109.

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Cannabis legalization has spread rapidly in the United States. Although national surveys provide robust information on the prevalence of cannabis use, cannabis disorders, and related outcomes, information on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KABs) about cannabis is lacking. To inform the relationship between cannabis legalization and cannabis-related KABs, RTI International launched the National Cannabis Climate Survey (NCCS) in 2016. The survey sampled US residents 18 years or older via mail (n = 2,102), mail-to-web (n = 1,046), and two social media data collections (n = 11,957). This report outlines two techniques that we used to problem-solve several challenges with the resulting data: (1) developing a model for detecting fraudulent cases in social media completes after standard fraud detection measures were insufficient and (2) designing a weighting scheme to pool multiple probability and nonprobability samples. We also describe our approach for validating the pooled dataset. The fraud prevention and detection processes, predictive model of fraud, and the methods used to weight the probability and nonprobability samples can be applied to current and future complex data collections and analysis of existing datasets.
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Tsidylo, Ivan M., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Tetiana I. Gargula, Hanna V. Solonetska, Yaroslav P. Zamora et Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Simulation of intellectual system for evaluation of multilevel test tasks on the basis of fuzzy logic. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4370.

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The article describes the stages of modeling an intelligent system for evaluating multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic in the MATLAB application package, namely the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The analysis of existing approaches to fuzzy assessment of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The considered methods for assessing students are presented in the general case by two methods: using fuzzy sets and corresponding membership functions; fuzzy estimation method and generalized fuzzy estimation method. In the present work, the Sugeno production model is used as the closest to the natural language. This closeness allows for closer interaction with a subject area expert and build well-understood, easily interpreted inference systems. The structure of a fuzzy system, functions and mechanisms of model building are described. The system is presented in the form of a block diagram of fuzzy logical nodes and consists of four input variables, corresponding to the levels of knowledge assimilation and one initial one. The surface of the response of a fuzzy system reflects the dependence of the final grade on the level of difficulty of the task and the degree of correctness of the task. The structure and functions of the fuzzy system are indicated. The modeled in this way intelligent system for assessing multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic makes it possible to take into account the fuzzy characteristics of the test: the level of difficulty of the task, which can be assessed as “easy”, “average", “above average”, “difficult”; the degree of correctness of the task, which can be assessed as “correct”, “partially correct”, “rather correct”, “incorrect”; time allotted for the execution of a test task or test, which can be assessed as “short”, “medium”, “long”, “very long”; the percentage of correctly completed tasks, which can be assessed as “small”, “medium”, “large”, “very large”; the final mark for the test, which can be assessed as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, “excellent”, which are included in the assessment. This approach ensures the maximum consideration of answers to questions of all levels of complexity by formulating a base of inference rules and selection of weighting coefficients when deriving the final estimate. The robustness of the system is achieved by using Gaussian membership functions. The testing of the controller on the test sample brings the functional suitability of the developed model.
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Chisholm, E., et T. G. Kolda. New Term Weighting Formulas for the Vector Space Method in Information Retrieval. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5698.

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Job, Jacob. Mesa Verde National Park : Acoustic monitoring report. National Park Service, juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286703.

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In 2015, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data at Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE). Between July and August 2015, as well as February and March 2016, three acoustical monitoring systems were deployed throughout the park, however one site (MEVE002) stopped recording after a couple days during the summer due to wildlife interference. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline soundscape inventory of backcountry and frontcountry sites within the park. This inventory will be used to establish indicators and thresholds of soundscape quality that will support the park and NSNSD in developing a comprehensive approach to protecting the acoustic environment through soundscape management planning. Additionally, results of this study will help the park identify major sources of noise within the park, as well as provide a baseline understanding of the acoustical environment as a whole for use in potential future comparative studies. In this deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, “sound pressure level” refers to broadband (12.5 Hz–20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as “sound level.” Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 μPa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels in order to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz. Trained technicians calculated time audible metrics after monitoring was complete. See Methods section for protocol details, equipment specifications, and metric calculations. Median existing (LA50) and natural ambient (LAnat) metrics are also reported for daytime (7:00–19:00) and nighttime (19:00–7:00). Prominent noise sources at the two backcountry sites (MEVE001 and MEVE002) included vehicles and aircraft, while building and vehicle predominated at the frontcountry site (MEVE003). Table 1 displays time audible values for each of these noise sources during the monitoring period, as well as ambient sound levels. In determining the current conditions of an acoustical environment, it is informative to examine how often sound levels exceed certain values. Table 2 reports the percent of time that measured levels at the three monitoring locations were above four key values.
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Ilchenko, Yuriy. Measurement of the Top Quark Mass in Dilepton Final States with the Neutrino Weighting Method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1128089.

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Investigation on Design and Analysis of Passenger Car Body Crash-Worthiness in Frontal Impact Using Radioss. SAE International, septembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0498.

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Increasing advancement in automotive technologies ensures that many more lightweight metals become added to the automotive components for the purpose of light weighting and passenger safety. The accidents are unexpected incidents most drivers cannot be avoided that trouble situation. Crash studies are among the most essential methods for enhancing automobile safety features. Crash simulations are attempting to replicate the circumstances of the initial crash. Frontal crashes are responsible for occupant injuries and fatalities 42% of accidents occur on frontal crash. This paper aims at studying the frontal collision of a passenger car frame for frontal crashes based on numerical simulation of a 35 MPH. The structure has been designed to replicate a frontal collision into some kind of inflexible shield at a speed of 15.6 m/s (56 km/h). The vehicle’s exterior body is designed by CATIA V5 R20 along with two material properties to our design. The existing Aluminum alloy 6061 series is compared with carbon fiber IM8 material. The simulation is being carried out by us in the “Radioss” available in “Hyper mesh 17.0” software. The energy conservation and momentum energy absorption are carried out from this dynamic structural analysis.
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