Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Weapons industry – Europe Union countries »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Weapons industry – Europe Union countries"
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Koroschupov, V. « Some Aspects of European Defence Industry Development ». World Economy and International Relations 66, no 12 (2022) : 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-12-98-107.
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As a result of the analysis of defence spending in European countries for the period 1990–2022, the author reveals a trend towards underfunding of their defence-industrial base. Due to the fall in defence spending, there is a reduction in European defence companies in Europe, some companies go into the commercial sector, the other part is trying to consolidate. The armed forces of European countries conduct exercises and fight on a multinational basis, and purchase weapons on a national basis. This situation does not allow industrial enterprises to consolidate demand, which makes it possible to increase production volumes. By researching the state of the defense-industrial base of European countries, it becomes evident that there are disagreements between the states of Europe about which is better to buy samples of weapons. Some are in favor of purchases in the United States, others – for joint European projects, and others – for national ones. For example, for fighters, we are talking about choosing between the F‑35, Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Rafale or SAAB. A study of data on arms exports from the United States to Europe shows that Europe has lost its status as the main export destination of the United States. The results of research illustrate that the procurement of weapons is a long and complex process, the programming of the construction of the armed forces and the costs are planned, taking into account the threats of tomorrow, in advance. The research findings indicate that the prevailing conditions of peace and stability of the last 30 years have shaped the image of the defense industrial base of European countries unable to produce military products in large quantities and in a short time. The author comes to the conclusion that the ambitions of Europe exceed the available resources.
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Colfer, Barry. « The European Trade Union Confederation ». socio.hu 9, Special Issue (16 juin 2020) : 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18030/socio.hu.2019en.9.
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The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) represents some 45 million trade union members from eighty-nine national trade union confederations and ten European Industry Federations from thirty-nine countries. In 2019, ETUC entered its forty-sixth year and marked its fourteenth quadrennial Congress in Vienna where delegates intervened to shape the work plan and direction of the organisation for the coming four years and to elect a new Executive Committee. This article takes stock of ETUC’s background and primary activities and considers whether ETUC enhances the power and influence of its members, despite the challenging environment in which trade unions in Europe reside in the 21st century. In so doing, the article assesses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the organisation, which remains the largest civil society organisation in Europe.
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Aytaç, Ayhan, et Murat Korkmaz. « An Analysis of the World Paper Industry with a Focus on Europe and Trade Perspective ». Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 32, no 2 (13 avril 2022) : 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2022-0007.
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Abstract The pulp and paper manufacturing industry is currently facing sweeping changes due to the fact that supply and demand are dominated by different global players. These changes have significant effects not only on the paper and pulp production of countries but also on world economies thanks to the high level of trade between countries around the world. Based on the historical development of paper, our study examines today’s production around the world economies, shows the latest commercial trends in the paper and pulp trade, and makes a prediction on the effects of the data belonging to this sector on the trade of countries through using panel regression models. According to our results, we determined a significant relationship between the total world paper and cardboard production in Turkey and the European Union and the amount of pulp. On the other hand, a partial relationship was found between the European Union and Turkey’s paper production. In addition, we concluded that the amount of pulp used in paper and cardboard production was the factor causing the total paper production in the European Union and Turkey. In other words, we have established as a result of the analysis that as the amount of pulp used in paper and cardboard production increases, paper and cardboard production also increases at the same rate.
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RÓŻAŃSKI, Piotr, Mariusz BORECKI, Marian NIESLER, Janusz STECKO, Wojciech SZULC et Bogdan ZDONEK. « DECARBONISATION PATHWAYS OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY ». Journal of Metallic Materials, no 3-4 (30 décembre 2022) : 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32730/imz.2657-747.22.3-4.6.
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The article was prepared on the basis of reports from the Green Steel for Europe (GREENSTEEL) project funded by the European Union as part of the implementation of the climate and energy goals for 2030 and the long-term strategy for a climate neutral Europe by 2050. A consortium of implementers composed of ten partners from EU countries, including Łukasiewicz – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy in Gliwice, has identified promising technologies for the decarbonisation of the steel industry, defined technological pathways constituting process chains composed of these technologies, as well as scenarios of the decarbonisation process until 2030 and until 2050. The end result of the project is a set of insights and recommendations for effective clean steel manufacturing solutions suitable for the EU to achieve the EU’s climate and energy goals.
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Bošković, Gorica, et Ana Stojković. « Industrial Policy As The European Union Competitiveness Factor On The Global Market ». Economic Themes 52, no 3 (1 septembre 2014) : 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2014-0019.
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Abstract The union of the most developed European countries and their heavy industry based economies after the World War II, seemed like the only answer to USA’s and Japan’s powerful economies. At the same time, it was the only chance for Europe to become competitive in the global market. That was achieved through various forms of economic communities, formed in Europe in the second half of XX century. Since the 1992. Maastricht Treaty, they are known as the European Union. European Union industrial policy had the same priorities since the very beginning – to make Europe the leader of global economy, through investments in knowledge and high-tech inovation. However, that still hasn’t happened and considering all the economical and political crisis shaking the Union lately, chances are it can hardly happen at all. Reasons are numerous and different, both inside and outside the Union. The implicit question being posed here is have the most developed world countries and their economies reached their peak and can the EU achieve further growth on the supersaturated global market? This paper investigates the role of industrial policy as one of the key factors for solution to many problems in the past as well as in the future of the EU, which would make this economic and political community of European countries much more competitive on the global market.
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Nagy, Benedek. « The Restructuring of the European Pharmaceutical Industry between 2000 and 2018 ». Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no 2 (30 juin 2021) : 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.14.
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To meet the requirements of global competition, the European Union (EU) places particular emphasis on the development of knowledge‑intensive, innovative industries. The pharmaceutical industry, as a high‑tech manufacturing subsection, has a long tradition in Europe. However, the distribution of pharmaceutical industry employment and value added is not even within the Union, and its temporal dynamics is also different.
In the present paper, I examine the change of the structure of the pharmaceutical industry within the Union using country groups. I compare the development of pharmaceutical industry employment in the period between 2000 and 2018 in three country groups. I use a simple decomposition method to separate the effects of sector growth and labor productivity change on the change of pharmaceutical employment to find out how similarly this industry evolved in the different country groups. The analysis shows that while in the 12 original, i.e., pre–2004, member states (Core EU), employment slightly increased alongside a considerable increase in value added, the nine post‑socialist countries (PS9) achieved slightly greater value added expansion combined with substantial employment growth. Meanwhile, the four Visegrád countries (V4) achieved a value added growth similar to the PS9, but an even greater employment growth. This indicates that the part of the pharmaceutical industry operating with higher labor productivity is concentrating in the Core EU countries, while in the less developed post‑socialist countries, the part of the pharmaceutical industry with lower labor productivity is developing.
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Melissen, Jan. « Nuclearizing NATO, 1957–1959 : the ‘Anglo-Saxons’, nuclear sharing and the fourth country problem ». Review of International Studies 20, no 3 (juillet 1994) : 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118066.
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The spread of nuclear weapons outside the Western world has become the most important nuclear issue since the end of the Cold War. By contrast, the debate about Europe's nuclear strategy has subsided. Nuclear collaboration in Western Europe now seems an unlikely prospect and so too does proliferation, despite instability in the former Soviet Union, and occasional speculation about Germany's nuclear appetite. A very different atmosphere prevailed during the Cold War, when the need for a European nuclear force was endlessly debated, without any prospect of this political demand being fulfilled, and, in the late 1950s and 1960s, several European countries appeared to be at the threshold of obtaining nuclear power.
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TILEAGA, Cosmin. « TOURISM – A GLOBAL CHALLENGED INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ». Revista Economica 73, sp (30 décembre 2021) : 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2021-0065.
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10% of the EU's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is generated by the tourism industry. In some countries like Greece or Malta, tourism accounts for 20-25% of those countries' GDP. According to the EU Commission, Spain generated around 145 billion euros in the tourism sector, while German hotels and tour operators generate around 240 billion euros a year. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) estimates that during this coronavirus crisis, 96% of all tourist destinations in the world cannot be visited, thus calling for the restrictions to be ended as soon as possible in a coordinated global manner based on scientific health research. The economic situation of the tourism industry is catastrophic, not only in southern Europe along the Mediterranean Sea, but also in other parts of Europe, such as Germany. The tourism industry expects a drop of up to 70% in bookings this year. Meanwhile, the European Union (EU) Commission predicts that cruise companies will be the most affected with losses of up to 90%.
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Ulyanychev, Maxim A. « The Phenomenon of Company Towns : Specific Features of Their Genesis and Development ». RUDN Journal of Public Administration 7, no 2 (15 décembre 2020) : 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-2-118-123.
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The article analyzes the social phenomenon of single-industry towns (company towns), their role in the modern market economy, their genesis in Russia and other countries. The author observes historical stages of development of single-industry towns in Russia, as well as the features of their occurrence in the Soviet Union in connection with city-forming enterprises, which in addition to economic activities performed social functions. The characteristics of the development of single-industry towns in Europe, North America and are being compared. Distinctive features of the industrial enterprises of the cities formed in the Soviet Union are allocated. The article analyzes the problems of functioning and development of single-industry towns, examines foreign and domestic strategies for the rehabilitation of single-industry municipalities, including current measures to support such towns in the Russian Federation.
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BÓRAWSKI, PIOTR, MARIIA KUPTSOVA, ANDRII SLIS et RAFAŁ WYSZOMIERSKI. « SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ». sj-economics scientific journal 31, no 4 (30 décembre 2018) : 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v31i4.77.
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Biogas is an alternative renewable energy source in Europe. The feedstock (biomass) for biogas can be waste from various industries. There are two methods of biogas generation that allow processing of organic waste into an accessible energy resource: thermal and chemical. This article also discusses the environmental aspects of using biogas as a safe source for the environment. From an economic point of view, the large-scale implementation of the biogas industry was achieved by highly developed countries, such as Germany and the United Kingdom. Unfortunately, this technology is not available in all countries. The direction of biogas production is considered very promising and over time a significant increase in biogas plants is expected.
Thèses sur le sujet "Weapons industry – Europe Union countries"
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Di, Mauro Francesca A. « Essays on foreign direct investment and economic integration : a gravity approach ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211356.
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GILLI, Andrea. « Unipolarity, technological change and arms manufacturing : explaining industrial alliances in the European defense industry ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32132.
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Defence date: 11 June 2014Examining Board: Professor Anand Menon, King’s College London Professor Ulrich Krotz, European University Institute Dr. Antonio Missiroli, European Union Institute for Security Studies Professor Pascal Vennesson, European University Instiute/Rajaratnam School of International Studies (Supervisor).
The European Defence Agency and the Egmont Institute awarded Andrea Gilli, author of the EUI PhD thesis, the 2015 EDA-Egmont PhD prize for his research work on armaments cooperation.
The EDA-Egmont PhD prize was created in 2013 to stimulate research in the field of European defence, security and strategy. The prize rewards research work undertaken as part of a PhD thesis carried out at a recognised academic institution.
Why do countries cooperate for the production of some weapon systems and not some others? Existing IR theories cannot fully answer these questions. In this thesis, I focus on Europe – the area in the world where armaments cooperation has been pursued more extensively. Drawing from the existing literature in international relations theory, in management studies and industrial organization, I make two claims. First, the stability of the post-Cold War era has generally given European countries – although to different extents – an incentive to gear their defense policies towards the protection of domestic jobs and the promotion of military export rather than towards capabilities development. Second, in order to achieve these goals, EU countries have strategically cooperated on the production of some specific weapon systems rather than others. By altering the structure of the market, and thus creating winners and losers, technological change can explain this variation. In my dissertation I show that European countries were more likely to pursue cooperation in armaments production when either an exogenous and relatively major technological change made their defense industries less competitive in export markets (architectural change) or when extremely advanced components were necessary to compete in global armament markets (modular innovations). Conversely, European countries were less likely to cooperate when either an industry was characterized by linear improvements (evolutionary change) – and thus cooperation could only harm domestic industry and employment – or when a revolutionary innovation emerged (radical change). In this latter instance, each country had a strong interest in pursuing its own program so to create a domestic industrial base and, eventually, establish the industry’s dominant design, thus becoming market leader. 2 I test my theory on three case studies. Building on industry statistics, specialized publications and structured and unstructured interviews w
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KREMMYDA, Peristera. « Between competitiveness and pluralism : concentration in the broadcasting industry in the EU ». Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4681.
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Defence date: 17 May 2004Examining board: Prof. Giuliano Amato (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Enzo Cheli (Presidente dell'Autorità per le Garanzie delle Comunicazioni) ; Prof. Petros Mavroidis (Columbia Law School and University of Neuchatel) ; Prof. Hanns Ullrich (European University Institute)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Livres sur le sujet "Weapons industry – Europe Union countries"
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The EU and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons : Strategies, policies, actions. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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Regulating and supervising investment services in the European Union. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
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M, Dalzell J., dir. Food industry and the environment in the European Union : Practical issues and cost implications. 2e éd. Gaithersburg, Md : Aspen Publishers, 2000.
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Thomsen, Peter M. The U.S. EU beef hormone and poultry disputes. Hauppauge, N.Y : Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
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Pierre-André, Buigues, Jacquemin Alex et Sapir André, dir. European policies on competition, trade and industry : Conflict and complementarities. Aldershot, UK : E. Elgar, 1995.
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1944-, Young Stephen, et Hamill James, dir. Europe and the multinationals : Issues and responses for the 1990s. Aldershot, Hants, England : E. Elgar, 1992.
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author, Keasey Kevin, et Vallascas Francesco author, dir. Size, risk, and governance in European banking. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2014.
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Story, Jonathan. Political economy of financial integration in Europe : The battle of the systems. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press, 1997.
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Story, Jonathan. Political economy of financial integration in Europe : The battle of the systems. Manchester, UK : Manchester University Press, 1997.
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author, Tangermann Stefan, dir. Transatlantic food and agricultural trade policy : 50 years of conflict and convergence. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Weapons industry – Europe Union countries"
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Gekara, Victor Oyaro. « Union Organising in the Context of Regional Labour Market Decline : The Case of Nautilus International ». Dans The World of the Seafarer, 157–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_13.
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AbstractOver the past few decades the impact of globalisation on society and industry at the national level has been immense and has been studied and extensively documented in the literature. Some of the major benefits and losses accruing from economic globalisation, particularly since the late 1970s have been debated by dominant political economy commentators (see e.g. Harvey 2005; Held et al. 1999; Strange 1996; Scholte 2000; Stiglitz 2002; Giddens 2002; Chomsky 2017). An important aspect of the globalising process has been the extensive restructuring of production and distribution patterns in search of cheaper resources, through aggressive outsourcing and offshoring. The result for many national economies, particularly advanced industrial states, has been a drastic decline in traditional industries affecting both labour and capital (Dunning 1993; Beck 2005; Perraton 2019). This chapter examines the decline in the seafaring labour markets of the so-called Traditional Maritime Countries (TMN), and the implications for union organising focusing on the UK and its seafaring labour. It examines the creation of Nautilus International (NI) Union via a merger of unions for maritime professionals across different countries in Europe initially beginning with Great Britain, the Netherlands and later Switzerland. This was a uniquely strategic response to declining membership and weakening organising capacity. Some of the key challenges associated with unions trying to organise and represent their members in the context of industrial and labour market decline are explored.
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Tuncel, Cem Okan, et Ayda Polat. « Nanotechnology, Long Waves, and Future of Manufacturing Industry ». Dans Handbook of Research on Comparative Economic Development Perspectives on Europe and the MENA Region, 351–77. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9548-1.ch015.
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This study concerns the long wave theory of capitalist development with an aim to discuss and analyze the impact of nanotechnology on manufacturing industry. Long wave theory was asserted by Russian economist Kondratieff and it states the capitalist development with subsequent cycles which last 40 to 60 years each. The theory of Kondratieff was also contributed by other scholars as Schumpeter, Freeman, and Perez. Our research attempts to review how nanotechnology contributes economic growth, and how it changes the structure of manufacturing industry at the eve of the sixth Kondratieff wave. This structure was examined by using comparative case study of European Union, East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries and Middle East and North African (MENA) countries.
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Mandelbaum, Michael. « The Contest of Systems, 1945–1953 ». Dans The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy, 239–80. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621790.003.0008.
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The United States and the Soviet Union, allies during World War II, became rivals in the half decade following that war’s end. The Soviet imposition of communist rule on the countries of Eastern Europe played a major part in beginning what came to be known as the Cold War. That conflict pitted against each other two countries with radically different political and economic systems, both armed with nuclear weapons, that opposed each other around the world. The outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 made the conflict a military as well as a political and economic one for the United States and spread it to East Asia. It involved the United States in almost four years of fighting.
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Tantau, Adrian, et Robert Staiger. « Business Models in Renewable Energy Industry ». Dans Sustainable Business, 318–48. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9615-8.ch015.
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Business models (BM) are, at present, a dynamic model that is continuously evaluated. The main research approaches are analyzing BM from different perspectives: resource oriented, transaction narrative and also from an entrepreneurship perspective. There remains to be seen how new business models are defined based on innovation and technological improvements for the distribution of renewable energy. Nowadays, on the global political agenda, renewable energy is a solution for reducing the greenhouse gases and their impact to climate change. In order to fulfill the European Union targets for reducing the greenhouse gas emission the EU countries introduced promotion models for renewable energy that are also an opportunity for new business ideas. The selected case studies analyze the main support schemes that are implemented in Europe, for example the Feed in Tariff in Germany and Green Certificates in Romania. Unfortunately, the process of transition to renewable energy is not so easy. The authors are analyzing the main obstacles related to the development of renewable energy and based on a questionnaire research studies they further analyze the main risk factors in the photovoltaic sector in Romania. This chapter should give an overview about the business models and the related opportunities and obstacles for the transition to renewable energy in Europe.
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Ruiz Ben, Esther, Michaela Wieandt et Martina Maletzky. « Offshoring in the ICT Sector in Europe ». Dans IT Outsourcing, 310–39. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch018.
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In the context of globalization and internationalization, offshoring processes in the ICT Industry have increased considerably in the software and service sector in recent years due to the cost saving strategies and market entry policies of ICT organizations. Through the heterogeneity of the European ICT sector a regionalization trend regarding host country selection for ICT offshore is, nevertheless, observable. Historical and cultural ties between host and home countries as well as related national stereotypes play an important role in the regionalization process. Moreover, due to favorable EU policies and regulations, off- and nearshoring within the European Union acquire an additional attractive character for some major European producers, such as, for example, Germany. Thus the Eastern European Member States, which already build out certain sectoral specialization in regard to ICT service provision, have benefited from direct foreign investments. Off- and nearshoring also imply risks and hidden costs linked to structural aspects in host countries as well as to the overestimation of cultural and historical nearness. In our chapter we discuss the trends of the internationalization process in the European ICT sector taking into account related risks in off- and nearshore processes. We argue, furthermore, that long-term cooperation and intercultural training, with the support of local and European institutions, should be considered to confrontin a better way the challenges of the internationalization of ICT in Europe.
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Boes, Tobias. « A Blooming Flower ». Dans Thomas Mann's War, 162–93. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501744990.003.0009.
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This chapter highlights the extent to which media featured as weapons in Thomas Mann's struggle against Nazism. Mann benefited from government–industry collaborations, for example, by acquiring access to American studios to record propaganda broadcasts that were then carried into Nazi-occupied Europe. His main intermediary on the continent, however, was his old German publisher Gottfried Bermann Fischer, who fought a battle of his own to keep Mann's books available in those countries that had not yet been conquered by the Nazis. Both forms of transmission—the transmission of Mann's voice via radio waves and the transmission of his books via increasingly convoluted distribution networks—were beset by all sorts of difficulties during wartime. But both were essential in keeping the author's influence alive in a time when he was unable to personally connect to his readership.
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Pinheiro, Rómulo. « Citius, Altius, Fortius ». Dans New Voices in Higher Education Research and Scholarship, 1–17. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7244-4.ch001.
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The European Union's Lisbon Strategy (2000-2010) set a bold vision of a “Europe of Knowledge” where universities are seen as central actors. A modernisation agenda of universities has been promoted in recent years, focusing on the contribution of the sector to reaching regional and national economic goals. This chapter takes stock of ongoing national reforms across 17 European Union countries. Data pertaining to two key elements—societal relevance (in the form of university-industry relations) and scientific excellence—is analysed. The author discusses the findings in the light of conceptualisations surrounding the relevance-excellence nexus in higher education, as well as current policy dynamics and scholarly debates across the region. The chapter concludes by recommending future research directions.
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Bagdadi, Ali, et Annamária Ács. « The Importance Usage of Solar Energy and Households Perspective : A Research in Hungary ». Dans Shape the future together ! : IV. BBS International Sustainability Student Conference Proceeding, 3–19. Budapesti Gazdasági Egyetem, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29180/9786156342218_1.
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Renewable energy is “useful energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, including carbon-neutral sources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat” (Omar et al. 2014). According to the Eurostat database, the percentage of renewable energy sources in the energy mix of the European Union is increasing year after year (Europe, 2020). in 2020 target that the values reached in eastern European countries, 28.5% in Croatia, 24.3% in Romania, 21.7% in Slovenia and 16.9% in Slovakia and Hungary 12.6%. consequently, the government of Hungary took up our last position in renewable energy in 2020 and prompted it to develop a new climate strategy to improve this situation (Mekh, 2021). according to the new strategy, Hungary is estimated to be climate and carbon-neutral by the end of the decade. Among the alternative sources of renewable energy, solar energy is becoming the favorite, and with this research main aim is the utilization rate of renewable energy sources and the European green deal targets in Hungary. However, due to the drastic drop in the cost of solar panels in the energy mix of households, solar energy has become a favourite of renewable energy sources. In this research a survey technique was used, a survey was conducted with 210 households residing in Hungary. With survey find out what people think about their energy consumption regarding solar energy and how it fits today's challenges. the survey proved that people have important general knowledge about renewable energy sources. Even in 2020, a year when an economic contraction was experienced in many areas all over the world, great strides were made in the field of energy. It has come to a promising position especially in reducing foreign dependency on energy and obtaining clean energy. In the climate strategy, Hungarian government plans to create 8,000 mw of solar energy by 2050, which will be mainly used in households, municipal buildings, and the hospitality industry.
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Karakaş, M. Gürcan. « Rules of the Game are Changing : Automotive Turns Into Mobility Ecosystem ». Dans National Technology Initiative : Social Reflections and Türkiye's Future, 287–302. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-17-7.ch16.
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Türkiye’s Automobile Initiative Group was launched by bringing together the country’s leading or prominent groups in their fields under the leadership of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye (TOBB), Türkiye’s largest non-governmental organization. With the aim of creating a globally competitive mobility brand, of which the intellectual and industrial property rights would be owned by Türkiye, Togg was officially established on June 25, 2018, with Anadolu Group, BMC, Kök Group, Turkcell, Zorlu, and the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye joining forces. The current share distribution of the company, which has a capital of TL 2 billion 643 million 774 thousand, is 23 percent for Anadolu Group, BMC, Turkcell and Zorlu Group, and 8 percent for the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye. Togg describes itself as a user-centric and global mobility technology and services company. As of October 29, 2022, the brand has started serial production of the C-segment SUV, its first born electric, connected smart device, at the Gemlik Togg Technology Campus. Togg develops new services, new user experiences, and new business models in the field of mobility within the ecosystem to be created around the smart and connected device. Togg’s brand DNA can be summarized as “a character that is interested in what is going on in the world, constantly learning, forward-thinking, proactive and transforming its environment into a better place; passionate about its work, entrepreneurial, prioritizing competence, true to its word, caring about its own prestige and the prestige of those around it, striving to add value to every life it touches, stylish, and full of life”. Founded with the aim of creating its own automobile brand, which has been Türkiye’s dream for 60 years, and becoming the first global mobility brand of our country by pioneering the transformation of the Turkish automotive industry, Togg will break new ground with the technical and hardware features of the smart devices it will offer to the market, as well as the mobility ecosystem vision it has developed. The C-SUV model, which will be produced as Türkiye’s first born electric, zero-emission, and smart car, will be ahead of its competitors with features such as the longest wheelbase, the largest interior volume, the best acceleration performance, and the lowest total cost of ownership in its class. The first smart device of Togg, which set out to provide “outside-the-box mobility solutions” that can already respond to future smart transportation needs, will hit the road first in Türkiye in the first quarter of 2023 and then in Europe approximately 18 months after the completion of homologation tests. Togg has established the company Siro with Farasis, the world’s leading lithium ion battery manufacturer, to develop and manufacture its own battery technology and will offer energy storage solutions for mobility and stationary storage applications. Siro, which will develop and manufacture battery cells, modules, and packs, will provide services in 120 countries alongside Togg. In 2021, Togg established a company called Trugo to provide smart energy solutions and strengthen Türkiye’s charging infrastructure from end to end. Accordingly, Trugo has initiated its efforts to establish a total of 1000 fast charging stations in more than 600 locations in 81 provinces.
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Del Percio, Enrique. « Argentina : The Philosophical Resistance to the Conquest of the Soul1 ». Dans A Post-Neoliberal Era in Latin America ?, 159–76. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529200997.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1976, a terrible dictatorship was established in Argentina, even before Foucault claimed with crystal clarity that the fundamental difference between classical liberalism and neoliberalism was the substitution of the homo economicus −related to the exchange− by the homo economicus as entrepreneur of himself (lecture delivered on 14 March 1979); and also before Margaret Thatcher (in Ronald Butt’s interview, Sunday Times, 3 May 1981) confirmed Foucault´s analysis stating that: “Economics are the method; the object is to change the heart and soul”. In the same year, Milton Friedman received the Nobel Prize in Economics. The explicit purpose of the Military Junta was to promote a profound cultural transformation, based on the premise that the causes of the alleged “underdevelopment” were not so much economical but cultural and political. Nevertheless, as García Delgado and Molina (2006) pointed out, the problem is not related to a sort of inevitable structural poverty, due to the culture of our people. It is a matter of a decline in society, produced by the policy orientation of the dictatorship. Until then, the income distribution was similar to that of the countries from the Southern Europe with an almost frictional unemployment. Until the coup d’état, Argentina had a poverty rate of 8% and the best distributive structure of income in Latin America. However, 1976 was a turning point; the surge of the neoliberal model promoted a process of over-indebtedness, wealth concentration, unrestricted opening of markets with an unfavourable exchange rate for national industry, labour flexibilization, with the insertion in a competitive globalization of “savage capitalism” that “strengthened the asymmetries and transfers of resources from the periphery to the centre. This concept differs from thinking about inequality as a problem related to culture, corruption and poor institutional quality” (García Delgado, 2006).Despite the overwhelming adverse evidence, it is still a commonplace to blame all the ills of our society on that culture, the maximum expression of which would be Peronism. In fact, the great majority of disappeared people during the dictatorship were Peronist political, trade union and social leaders. The motto of the Ministry of Economics during the dictatorship was “towards a change of mentality”. The current Argentine situation, in terms of advances of neoliberalism as well as resistances to it, cannot be understood without referring to the dictatorship. In Poratti words, “the coup d’état of 1976 does not only put an end to a government, a political system and project, but also to a 'world' in which Argentinians were living at least from the independence project of 1810. In those days, there was not an abrupt differentiation between generations and, in many aspects, people could identify themselves, diachronically, with a historical line beyond the particular generational characteristics” (Various Authors, 2009).These aspects go along with others that appeared in other areas, such as the implementation of new computer and communication technologies and, as a consequence, individual and social fragmentation. The impact of these technologies on daily life was decisive to the emergence of what some authors, like Sloterdijk (2002), called “mass individualism.” No doubt, this is a necessary aspect to explain the rise of the neoliberal subjectivity in developed countries. Yet, in Argentina, the existence of political, social, trade-union and ecclesiastical movements based on popular roots, with solidarity as a fundamental value, hampered the conquest of the “heart and soul” in 1976; and they are still now an obstacle to be overcome by sectors interested in imposing a neoliberal model. It is impossible to explain any isolated phenomenon of popular resistance to the hegemonic attempts from neoliberalism without analysing the common conceptions and understandings found in Argentina. Indeed, the popular culture substrate in Argentina is made up, mainly, by the confluence of different cultures: Andean, Guaraní Indians, Afro and Criollo (native). All of them are characterized by their relational and solidarity conceptions, intrinsically opposed to a subjectivity that conceives the individual as an entrepreneur of himself/herself.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Weapons industry – Europe Union countries"
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Aanstoos, Ted A. « Management Challenges in Emerging European Union Eco-Standards ». Dans ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52115.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European Union is 450 million citizens in 25 otherwise sovereign countries, but connected in a multinational federal metastate that claims a combined economy in excess of $9 trillion (US), making it one of the world’s largest economies. As a community faced with massive decontamination and re-industrialization from devastating wars, Europe places due emphasis on issues of environmental sustainability and pollution prevention. Under broad policy guidelines of the New Approach and Integrated Product Planning frameworks, the European Commission is drafting legislation that will mandate eco-standards for all energized end-use equipment for sale in the internal market. These proposed standards may raise controversy in many industry sectors and international arenas (including within Europe itself) because they may not be based on sound and accepted scientific analysis, because they may constitute a de-facto violation at least in spirit of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, and because nobody can yet predict their cost impact and other market effect. Compliance with these emerging energy efficiency regulations will impose considerable management requirements on manufacturers as they devise documentation and certification programs for their products that are likely to be of a scope similar to ISO 14000. This paper assesses the new requirements from a product and design management perspective.
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Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja, Krzysztof Galos et Katarzyna Guzik. « SAFEGUARDING OF MINERAL DEPOSITS AS THE BASIS OF EUROPEAN UNION RAW MATERIALS SECURITY IN THE ERA OF UNSTABLE GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s03.046.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The economic results of many dynamically developing European countries largely depend on the availability of mineral raw materials. For this reason, securing their supplies from import must be supported by a committed foreign policy as well as a sustainable raw materials policy in the field of their obtaining from domestic sources, both from mineral deposits, as well as secondary and waste sources. Raw material security must be based on the diversification of supply sources and minimizing supply risks. The results of analyses show that the European Union relies heavily on imported raw materials, especially in industries recognized as strategic (renewable Energy - wind & PV; grids, Li-ion batteries (LIB), electric vehicles (EVs), Robotics and defense). Moreover, most of the import sources are countries with high or very high risk of supply. Recently, these risks are higher due to unstable political situation in Eastern Europe. Taking into account above, the European Union should consider the possibility of further development of its own mining industry, based on its own resources. The raw material potential of European countries is significant, but recently problems related to the possibility of launching new mining projects have been increasing. Social, environmental and spatial conditions play a decisive role. In this context, particular attention should be paid to the properly implemented policy of mineral deposits safeguarding which provides access to primary sources of raw materials (deposits), thus reducing dependence from unstable import sources.
3
Molnar, Jozef, Marek Pecka et Jaroslav Kment. « SCORPIO-VVER : Two Decades of Experience and Enhancements in Reactor Core Monitoring and Surveillance in Central Europe ». Dans 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66867.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the years 1970–80’ in the satellite countries of the former Soviet Union more than 24 new reactor builds were started. In the former Czechoslovakia, the new builds were realized with a high degree of input from the local engineers and the local industry. This territory up to today has an indigenous nuclear industry, machinery and nuclear engineering background. Starting with the year 1972, on the territory of Czechoslovakia (now on the territory of the Czech and Slovak Republic) 12 new units of the VVER-440 type of reactors were started to build. Nowadays the 2 oldest units were already shutdown in Slovakia, 4+4 units are still operating in both countries, and 2 units of VVER-440 model V213 are still under construction in Slovakia. The reactors designed lifetime in original configuration are 30 years. During these units’ operation period, wide range of modifications and upgrades were performed to strengthen the nuclear safety and the reactors operability. In 2015/16, activities related to the unit operation licenses extension were carried out in both of countries. In scope of strengthening the reactor’s core monitoring and surveillance, at Dukovany NPP (CZ, 1998) and at Bohunice NPP (SK, 2001) the original Russian VK3 computation system was completely replaced with an alternative advanced Core Monitoring and Surveillance System (CMS) SCORPIO-VVER. In Hungary, a locally developed “Verona”, and on the units under construction in Slovakia the Russian “Kruiz” CMS is used. Nowadays the SCORPIO-VVER CMS presents a nuclear fuel type and fuel vendor independent, advanced computer based reactor core monitoring system with an open and flexible framework, including the latest achievements in the fields of N/F and T/H for reliable and safe reactor operation with high efficiency of fuel cycle. The system’s framework governing the know-how and knowledge of 5 European institutes with proven experiences with reactor operation, fuel pattern and fuel campaign design and with utilizing the existing unit’s project reserves to increase the reactor operation and fuel campaign efficiency. Since the first installation the SCORPIO-VVER CMS system has a remarkable operating history and experience. More than 18 years of experiences at 6 units of VVER-440 type of reactors in two different countries helps to put the system to a very high level of usability and reliability. Even if the SCORPIO-VVER is installed only on VVER-440 reactors, it could be adapted to the needs of other VVER type of reactors and to needs of education and training centers too.
4
Velzing, Evert-Jan, Annemiek Van der Meijden, Kitty Vreeswijk et Ruben Vrijhoef. « Circularity in value chains for building materials ». Dans CARPE Conference 2019 : Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10196.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe urgency for developing a circular economy is growing, and more and more companies and organisations are concerned with the importance of adapting their business to fit a changing economy. However, many analyses on the circular economy are still rather abstract and there is a lack of understanding about what circularity would mean for specific industries. This insufficient insight especially seems to be apparent in the building and construction sector. Besides, the building and construction sector is responsible for a major part of energy use and emissions. To tackle the issue of insufficient insight into the business consequences of circular devlopments, further research is necessary. Therefore, we propose to collaborate on a research project that aims to provide a more detailed level of analysis. The goal is to identify drivers and barriers to make better use of materials in the building and construction sector. This further research would benefit from an international collaboration between universities of applied sciences and industry from different European countries. An additional benefit of the applied orientation would be the relevance for professional education programmes. References CBS, PBL & Wageningen UR. (2017). Vrijkomen en verwerking van afval per doelgroep, 1990-2014 (indicator 0206, versie 13, 26 janauri2017). Retrieved from: https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0206-vrijkomen-en-verwerking-van-afval-per-doelgroep Cuchí, A.; Arcas, J.; Casals, M. & Fobella, G. (2014). Building a common home Building sector – A global vision report. Produced by the Global Vision Area within the World SB14 Barcelona Conference. De Jesus, A. & Mendonça, S. (2018). Lost in Transition? Drivers and Barriers in the Eco-innovation Road to the Circular Economy. Ecological Economics, 145, 75-89. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.001. EC. (2015). Closing the Loop – An EU action plan for the Circular Economy. Brussels: European Commission. EC. (2019). Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of the Circualr Economy Action Plan. Brussels: European Commission. Ghisellini, P; Cialini, C. & Ulgiati, S. (2016). A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007. Kirchherr, J., Pisciceli, L., Bour, R., Kostense-Smit, E., Muller, J., Huibrechtse-Truijens, A. & Hekkert, M. (2018). Barriers to the Circular Economy: Evidence From the European Union (EU). Ecological Economics, 150, 264-272. Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-Oriented Research & Innovation in the European Union – A problem-solving approach to fuel innovation-led growth. Retrieved from: European Commission; https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf Nederland circulair in 2050. Rijksbreed programma Circulaire Economie (2016). Den Haag: Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu & Ministerie van Economische Zaken. Stahel, W.R. (2016) The Circular Economy. Nature, 531(7595), 435-438. UN. (2018). 2018 Global Status Report – Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector. United Nations Environment Programme. UNCTAD. (2018). Circular Economy: The New Normal (Policy Brief No. 61). Retrieved from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/presspb2017d10_en.pdf
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Pope, Ronald B., Deborah Kopsick, Shih-Yew Chen, Ray Turner et Martin Magold. « Addressing the Monitoring and Transport of Radioactively Contaminated Scrap Metal : An International Approach ». Dans ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93668.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The international metal processing industries are very concerned about the importation of scrap metal contaminated by radioactivity. Many of the problems are being identified while these materials, either unprocessed scrap, or processed materials, are being transported in the public domain. Because of this concern, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), with the support of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) circulated a survey to various countries and interested groups. Following assessment of the survey, a meeting was convened in April 2004 to discuss and evaluate the issues. Three major issues were identified at the initial meeting. • First, an internationally acceptable scrap metal radiation monitoring and response protocol is needed. • Second, international training programs are needed to address multiple areas, almost all having emphasis on the transport mode; these include addressing such topics as protocol implementation, optimum location of monitors, acceptable detector sensitivities, calibration and maintenance needs, incident reporting, handling radioactive materials after detection. • Third, international information exchange within the scrap metal industry is needed to share data and experiences on contaminated scrap incidents, especially those occurring at international borders during the transport of these materials. The “open border” policy of the European Union makes the collection and dissemination of this information sharing particularly time critical. The paper reviews the results of the initial meeting, and elaborates on the efforts undertaken since that meeting.
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Heard, R. G. « International Initiatives Addressing the Safety and Security of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS) ». Dans ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
High activity radioactive sources provide great benefit to humanity through their utilization in agriculture, industry, medicine, research and education, and the vast majority are used in well-controlled environments. None-the-less, control has been lost over a small fraction of those sources resulting in accidents of which some had serious — even fatal — consequences. Indeed, accidents and incidents involving radioactive sources indicate that the existing regime for the control of sources needs improvement. Additionally, today’s global security environment requires more determined efforts to properly control radioactive sources. Consequently, the current regimes must be strengthened in order to ensure control over sources that are outside of regulatory control (orphan sources), as well as for sources that are vulnerable to loss, misuse, theft, or malicious use. Besides improving the existing situation, appropriate norms and standards at the national and international levels must continue to be developed to ensure the long-term sustainability of control over radioactive sources. In order to improve the existing situation, concerted national and international efforts are needed and, to some degree, are being implemented to strengthen the safety and security of sources in use, as well as to improve the control of disused sources located at numerous facilities throughout the world. More efforts must also be made to identify, recover, and bring into control orphan sources. The IAEA works closely with Member States to improve the safety and security of radioactive sources worldwide. Besides the IAEA Technical Assistance Programme and Technical Cooperation Fund, donor States provide significant financial contributions to the Nuclear Security Fund and/or direct technical support to other States to recover condition and transfer disused sources into safe and secure storage facilities and to upgrade the physical protection of sources that are in use. Under the USA-Russian Federation-IAEA (“Tripartite”) Initiative, for example, disused sources of a total activity of 2120 TBq (57251 Ci) were recovered and transported into safe and secure storage facilities in six countries of the former Soviet Union. Additionally, physical protection upgrades were performed in thirteen former Soviet Union republics at facilities using or storing high activity radioactive sources. Other donors have also provided funding for projects related to the safety and security of radioactive sources in the same region. Additionally, the EU and other countries are making regular and significant contributions to the IAEA for projects aimed at upgrading the safety and security of radioactive sources in South-Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Depending on the status of the radioactive source (in use, disused, or orphan) and the actual technical, safety and security situation, several options exist to ensure the source is properly brought or maintained under control. This paper will describe those options and the systematic approach followed by the IAEA in deciding on the most appropriate actions to take for the high activity sources that need to be recovered or removed from the countries under that request assistance.