Livres : « Weak instrument »

1

Mikusheva, Anna. Robust confidence sets in the presence of weak instruments. Cambridge, MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2007.

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2

Mikusheva, Anna. Robust confidence sets in the presence of weak instruments. Cambridge, MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2007.

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3

Mikusheva, Anna. Robust confidence sets in the presence of weak instruments. Cambridge, MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2007.

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4

Tarifliche Arbeitszeitpolitik--ein Instrument der Beschäftigungspolitik ? Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1989.

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5

Chelimsky, Eleanor. Medical devices : Underreporting of problems, backlogged systems, and weak statutory support. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.

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6

Analogien zur Bibel im Werk Büchners : Religiöse Sprache als sozialkritisches Instrument. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1996.

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7

Edskes, Cor H. Arp Schnitger und sein Werk : Bildband mit den erhaltenen Orgeln und Prospekten Arp Schnitgers. Bremen : Hauschild, 2009.

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8

Waldura, Markus. Monomotivik, Sequenz und Sonatenform im Werk Robert Schumanns. Saarbrücken : Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag, 1990.

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9

Schindler, Jürgen-Peter. Der Nürnberger Orgelbau des 17. Jahrhunderts : Leben und Werk der Nürnberger Stadtorgelmacher Steffan Cuntz und Nicolaus Manderscheidt. Michaelstein/Blankenburg : Institut für Aufführungspraxis, 1991.

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10

Suppan, Wolfgang. Werk und Wirkung : Musikwissenschaft als Menschen- und Kulturgüterforschung. Tutzing : Hans Schneider, 2000.

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11

Josef, Hopfenzitz, dir. Die Baumeister-Orgel von 1737 in der Klosterkirche Maihingen : Erbauer, Werk und Restaurierung, 1988/90. Nördlingen : F. Steinmeier, 1991.

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12

Theobald, Hans-Wolfgang. Der Ostheimer Orgelbauer Johann Georg Markert und sein Werk : Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Orgelbaus in Thüringen im 19. Jahrhundert. Tutzing : H. Schneider, 1990.

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13

Friedrich, Jakob, dir. Die Valeria Orgel : Ein gotisches Werk in der Burgkirche zu Sitten/Sion. Zürich : Verlag der Fachvereine, 1991.

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14

Renger, Jens. Im Labyrinth der "poetischen Idee" : Werk- und rezeptionsästhetische Studien zur Instrumentalmusik des frühen Beethoven. Sinzig : Studio Verlag, 2003.

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15

1953-, Schramm Michael, dir. Dokumentation zum Symposium Hans Felix Husadel--Werk, Wirken, Wirkung. Bonn : Militärmusikdienst der Bundeswehr, [2006], 2006.

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16

Knoch-Mund, Gaby. Disputationsliteratur als Instrument antijüdischer Polemik : Leben und Werk des Marcus Lombardus, eines Grenzgängers zwischen Judentum und Christentum im Zeitalter des deutschen Humanismus. Tübingen : Francke, 1997.

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17

Karg-Elert, Sigfrid. Sixty-six chorale-improvisations : Op. 65. Boca Raton, Fla : Masters Music Publications, 1995.

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18

Zhou, Zhong-Rong. Dental Biotribology. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013.

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19

Moehler, Michael. Pure Instrumental Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785927.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the domain of pure instrumental morality that represents the second level of the two-level contractarian theory. To this end, the chapter clarifies the features of the homo prudens model that underlies the derivation of the weak principle of universalization. Further, the chapter develops, in the form of the empathetic contractor theory, the hypothetical decision situation in which rational agents are placed to derive the weak principle of universalization. Finally, the chapter clarifies the features of the weak principle of universalization that, although its derivation does not rely on substantial moral premises as traditionally conceived, weakly expresses the moral ideals of autonomy, equality, impartiality, and reciprocity.

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20

Sajó, András, et Renáta Uitz. Constitutions and Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732174.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the concept of constitutionalism and its relation to legal constitutions. It explains how the terms ‘constitution’ and ‘constitutionalism’ are used before asking what makes a document (whether an agreement or an imposed charter) into a constitution and whether constitutionalism makes government weak. It considers constitutions as a genre of political self-expression and explores how constitutional bargains allow political transition (from an authoritarian/military regime to more traditional constitutional democracy, or the other way around). It also describes the constitutional arrangements of limited government as calculated, rational reactions to fear. It explores how constitutional order is related to social organization and the function of a constitution as an instrument of pre-commitment. Finally, it explores imperfect constitutions and threats to constitutionalism.

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21

Tschirgi, Necla, et Cedric de Coning. The Challenge of Sustaining Peace. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0017.

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While demand for international peacebuilding assistance increases around the world, the UN’s Peacebuilding Architecture (PBA) remains a relatively weak player, for many reasons: its original design, uneasy relations between the Peacebuilding Commission and Security Council, turf battles within the UN system, and how UN peacebuilding is funded. This chapter examines the PBA’s operations since 2005, against the evolution of the peacebuilding field, and discusses how the PBA can be a more effective instrument in the UN’s new “sustaining peace” approach. To do so, it would have to become the intergovernmental anchor for that approach, without undermining the intent that “sustaining peace” be a system-wide responsibility, encompassing the entire spectrum of UN activities in peace, security, development, and human rights.

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22

Macuane, Jose Jaime, et Carlos Muianga. Natural resources, institutions, and economic transformation in Mozambique. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/893-1.

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In the light of Mozambique’s natural resources boom—especially its large-scale investments in mining, oil, and gas—this paper analyses the prospects for the extractive industries to contribute to economic transformation from an institutional perspective. To this purpose, we address the institutional dynamics of the resources sector and consider the underlying causes of the identified outcomes. The National Development Strategy, as the instrument presenting the vision for economic transformation and diversification, is discussed. The paper is based on a desk review—documental and bibliographic—and on primary data gathered by the authors as part of their research into the field of natural resources and the political economy of development. We conclude that, given Mozambique’s political patronage and clientelism, intra-ruling elite competition, limited productive base, weak state capacity, high level of poverty, and recurrent fiscal deficits, the prospects of the current resource boom leading to economic transformation, despite its considerable potential, are at best uncertain.

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23

Edling, Max M. Perfecting the Union. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197534717.001.0001.

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Habitually interpreted as the fundamental law of the American republic, the US Constitution was in fact designed as an instrument of union between thirteen American republics and as a form of government for their common central government. It offered an organizational solution to the security concerns of the newly independent American states. Confederation was an established means for weak states to maintain their independence by joining in union to manage relations with the outside world from a position of strength. Confederation also transformed the immediate international environment by turning neighboring states from potential enemies into sister states in a common union or peace pact. The US Constitution profoundly altered the structure of the American union and made the federal government more effective than under the defunct Articles of Confederation. But it did not transform the fundamental purpose of the federal union, which remained the management of relations between the American states, on the one hand, and between the American states and foreign powers, on the other. As had been the case under the articles, the states regulated the social, economic, and civic life of their citizens and inhabitants with only limited supervision and control from the federal government. This book demonstrates that interpreting the Constitution as an instrument of union has important implications for the understanding of the American founding. The Constitution mattered much more to the international than to the domestic history of the United States. Its importance to the latter was dwarfed by that of state constitutions and legislation.

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24

A new test machine for measuring friction and wear in controlled atmospheres to 1200 ⁰C. [Washington, D.C.] : NASA, 1990.

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25

Lee, Melissa M. Crippling Leviathan. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748363.001.0001.

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Policymakers worry that “ungoverned spaces” pose dangers to security and development. Why do such spaces exist beyond the authority of the state? Earlier scholarship—which addressed this question with a list of domestic failures—overlooked the crucial role that international politics play. This book argues that foreign subversion undermines state authority and promotes ungoverned space. Enemy governments empower insurgents to destabilize the state and create ungoverned territory. This kind of foreign subversion is a powerful instrument of modern statecraft. But though subversion is less visible and less costly than conventional force, it has insidious effects on governance in the target state. To demonstrate the harmful consequences of foreign subversion for state authority, the book marshals a wealth of evidence and presents in-depth studies of Russia’s relations with the post-Soviet states, Malaysian subversion of the Philippines in the 1970s, and Thai subversion of Vietnamese-occupied Cambodia in the 1980s. The evidence presented is persuasive: foreign subversion weakens the state. The book challenges the conventional wisdom on statebuilding, which has long held that conflict promotes the development of strong, territorially consolidated states. The book argues instead that conflictual international politics prevents state development and degrades state authority. In addition, the book illuminates the use of subversion as an underappreciated and important feature of modern statecraft. Rather than resort to war, states resort to subversion. Policymakers interested in ameliorating the consequences of ungoverned space must recognize the international roots that sustain weak statehood.

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26

The Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport (Sunderland) Order 1998 (Statutory Instruments : 1998 : 3269). The Stationery Office Books (Agencies), 1999.

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27

Murphy, Liam. The Normative Force of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828174.003.0003.

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After distinguishing some other senses of the “normativity” of law, this chapter addresses its moral force. It is argued that all deontological accounts of a prima facie duty to obey the law, other than the argument from consent, fail for being unable to show that the moral value of law as an institutional order implies a duty to obey each and every legal rule. The argument from consent fails for familiar reasons. This leaves an instrumental account of the moral force of law as the only option. The upshot is that, for individuals, the moral force of law is variable, and often weak. The case is different for state officials, as subjects of either domestic or international law. Here the instrumental case for obedience is typically strong.

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28

Der Tod Der Primadonna : Der Mensch ALS Instrument Im Literarischen Werk E. T. A. Hoffmanns. Peter Lang Publishing, 2003.

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29

Britain, Great. Sunderland City Council (Sunderland Strategic Transport Corridor - New Wear Bridge) Scheme 2014 Confirmation Instrument 2015. Stationery Office, The, 2015.

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30

Britain, Great. Sunderland City Council (Sunderland Strategic Transport Corridor - New Wear Bridge) Scheme 2009 Confirmation Instrument 2012. Stationery Office, The, 2012.

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31

Britain, Great. The Local Government Reorganisation (Property) (Tyne and Wear) Order 1988 (Statutory Instruments : 1988 : 1093). Stationery Office Books, 1988.

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32

Kindt, Tom, et Victor Lindblom, dir. Lukas Bärfuss. edition text + kritik im Richard Boorberg Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783967071115.

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"Meist kam er später als alle anderen und ging früher", schreibt der Lyriker Raphael Urweider in seinen Erinnerungen an frühe Begegnungen mit "Luki", der damals begonnen hatte, Kurzgeschichten zu schreiben. "Er war einer der wenigen, der eine Armbanduhr trug und auch immer wieder darauf schaute." Seit diesen Anfängen Ende der 1990er Jahre ist ein mit existenziellen Fragen ringendes Werk entstanden – oft düster, manchmal komisch. "Das Schreiben ist ihm Instrument, die Welt zu greifen, ihre Zusammenhänge zu erkennen, Orientierung zu finden", so die Dramaturgin Judith Gerstenberg. Diesem Schreiben und dem Menschen dahinter nähern sich die Beiträge des Heftes aus persönlicher, literaturkritischer und wissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Dabei verlangt der Autor seinen Leser*innen einiges ab. Germanist Peter von Matt: "Am Werk von Lukas Bärfuss kann man sich blaue Flecken holen." 27 Theaterstücke, drei Romane, zwei Essaybände, eine Novelle, einen Band mit Erzählungen: Lukas Bärfuss (*1971) hat in den letzten 20 Jahren ein beeindruckendes Werk geschaffen, das zuletzt mit dem Georg-Büchner-Preis 2019 ausgezeichnet wurde.

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Britain, Great. Sunderland City Council (Riverside Sunderland - New River Wear High Level Footbridge) Scheme 2020 Confirmation Instrument 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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34

Britain, Great. The Tyne and Wear Development Corporation (Area and Constitution) Order 1987 (Statutory Instruments : 1987 : 924). Stationery Office Books, 1987.

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35

Britain, Great. The Local Government Reorganisation (Debt Administration) (Tyne and Wear) Order 1986 (Statutory Instruments : 1986 : 501). Stationery Office Books, 1986.

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36

Beeldvorming, instrument, actie : Gedachten over besturen en bestuurskunde naar aanleiding van het werk van prof.dr. Jan Kooiman. Van Gorcum, 1996.

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37

Britain, Great. Sunderland City Council (Sunderland Strategic Transport Corridor - Temporary Works New Wear Bridge) Scheme 2009 Confirmation Instrument 2012. Stationery Office, The, 2012.

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38

The Agricultural Wages Committees (Cleveland, Durham, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear) Order 1989 (Statutory Instrument : 1989 : 1173.). Stationery Office Books, 1989.

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39

Moehler, Michael. Rational Choice Contractualism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785927.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses contractualist theories of justice that, although they rely explicitly on moral assumptions in the traditional understanding of morality, employ rational choice theory for the justification of principles of justice. In particular, the chapter focuses on the dispute between Rawls and Harsanyi about the correct choice of principles of justice in the original position. The chapter shows that there is no winner in the Rawls–Harsanyi dispute and, ultimately, formal methods alone cannot justify moral principles. This finding is significant for the development of the rational decision situation that serves for the derivation of the weak principle of universalization for the domain of pure instrumental morality.

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40

The Durham and Tyne and Wear (County and District Boundaries) Order 1992 (Statutory Instruments : 1992 : 3054). Stationery Office Books, 1992.

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41

The Northumberland and Tyne and Wear (County and District Boundaries) Order 1992 (Statutory Instruments : 1992 : 3055). Stationery Office Books, 1992.

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42

Mandelbaum, Michael. The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621790.001.0001.

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In the 250 years between 1765 and 2015 American foreign policy passed through four stages, each defined by the extent of American power. From 1765 to 1865 the United States was a weak power; from 1865 to 1945 a great power; from 1945 to 1990 a superpower; and from 1990 to 2015 the world’s hyperpower. Throughout each period, American foreign policy had three characteristic features: it was unusually ideological, seeking to promote the nation’s values abroad; it had a strong economic component, using trade and investment as instruments to try to achieve foreign policy goals; and it was distinctively democratic, with American society as a whole and particular groups within that society having a greater influence over the nation’s foreign policy than was the case in other countries.

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43

Jesse, Eschbach, et Association Cavaillé-Coll (Paris), dir. Aristide Cavaillé-Coll : Aspects of his life and work = aspects de sa vie et de son oeuvre = Aspekte zu Leben und Werk. Paderborn : Verlag Peter Ewers, 2003.

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44

The Durham and Tyne and Wear (County and District) (Boundaries) (Variation) Order 1993 (Statutory Instruments : 1993 : 3129). Stationery Office Books, 1993.

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45

The Durham, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear (County and District Boundaries) Order 1992 (Statutory Instruments : 1992 : 3050). Stationery Office Books, 1992.

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46

Cust, James. The Role of Governance and International Norms in Managing Natural Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0019.

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The governance of natural resource wealth is considered to constitute a key determinant in whether the extraction of natural resources proves to be a blessing or a curse. In response to this challenge, a variety of international initiatives have emerged to codify successful policies pursued by countries, and promote global norms and best practices to guide decision-makers. These initiatives, such as the Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative, have seen success in spreading and embedding governance norms, ranging across revenue transparency, contract disclosure, and the creation of instruments such as resource funds and building institutions for checks and balances. However, evidence for causal impact remains weak and sometimes limited to anecdotal cases. The end of the super-cycle of commodity prices, and the prospect of permanently lower prices for fossil fuels, creates new challenges for resource-rich countries but may also allow space and time for reflection, lesson-learning and improvements in governance.

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47

Glixon, Jonathan E. Daily Offices and More. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190259129.003.0005.

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The nuns themselves performed the Divine Offices in their choir, following procedures carefully outlined in ceremonial books, a few of which survive for Venice. In most cases, these were sung in standard plainchant, although Santa Teresa had a unique repertoire, and San Lorenzo had an unusual set of ceremonies for Holy Week, especially the Mandatum (washing of the feet). While some Venetian nunneries were known for singing polyphony around 1500, this tradition ended with the reforms a few decades afterwards. Later sources show evidence of falsobordone and primitive polyphony, and occasionally of some use of organ and other instruments by the nuns. An interesting exception to this is the nunnery of Santi Marco e Andrea di Murano, several of whose nuns achieved some fame as singers in the first half of the seventeenth century, for whom Carlo Filago composed a book of motets.

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48

Lomazzi, Vera, et Isabella Crespi. Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Equality in Europe. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447317692.001.0001.

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The book provides a systematic scientific overview of gender mainstreaming in Europe. It recalls the main steps of the origins and the development of the European gender mainstreaming (GM) strategy. The book also connects this framework with the current situation of gender equality and explores the strength and weak points of the strategy. To do so, it provides a critical evaluation of the instruments used to measure gender equality and explores how societal aspects, such as the opportunity structure defined by work-family balance policies and practices, affect the individual values of gender equality supporting the development of gender egalitarian cultures. Further, it develops an outline of the current and future challenges of the gender mainstreaming strategy, that run in parallel with the general European Union’s challenges, such as the integration process, economic crisis, migration and refugees crisis, and the rise of right-wing Euroscepticism. In addition, the old but always current problem of conceptualizing gender equality in different ways leading to jeopardized results. The book offers a critical review of the GM strategy in Europe and analyses whether and how gender equality in Europe is improving, with a specific interest in the cultural differences between the European countries where this common strategy is implemented.

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49

Martinez, Luis. The State in North Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197506547.001.0001.

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Ever since independence, revolts and riots in North Africa have structured relations between society and the state. While the state has always managed to restore order, the unexpected outbreak of the Arab Spring revolts has presented a real challenge to state stability. Taking a long-term historical perspective, this book analyses how public authorities have implemented policies to manage the Maghreb’s restive societies, viewed at first as ‘retrograde’ and then as ‘radicalised’. National cohesion has been a major concern for post-colonial leaders who aim to build strong states capable of controlling the population. Historically, North African nations found colonial oppression to be the very bond that united them, but what continues to hold these communities and nation-states together after independence? If public interest is not at the heart of the state’s actions, how can national loyalties be maintained? Luis Martinez analyses how states approach these questions, showing that the fight against jihadist groups both helps to reconstruct essential ties of state belonging and also promotes the development of a border control policy. He highlights the challenges posed by fragile political communities and weak state instruments, and the response of leaders striving to build peaceful pluralistic nations in North Africa.

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Barbalet, Jack. The Theory of Guanxi and Chinese Society. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808732.001.0001.

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This is the first book to comprehensively and critically examine the nature and background of the Chinese phenomenon of guanxi. It does this by reviewing and taking account of the major theoretical frameworks that relate to these closely bonded long-term relationships that are developed in order to pursue instrumental advantage in a society marked by relatively weak legal and regulatory institutions. The book locates such theorizing in the major features of the rapidly evolving Chinese market society, whilst paying attention to the historical origins and cultural sources of this highly particularistic approach to the acquisition of social and material resources, an approach which relies on obligatory relations of favour exchange between persons who self-consciously and strategically select their associates and goals. The book goes on to develop an improved way of understanding this extremely significant and distinct feature of social, political and economic relations that are characteristic of mainland China’s relentlessly active population. The book uniquely proposes an inclusive approach to guanxi based on comprehensive theorizing which both challenges many conventions and at the same time introduces a research orientation which captures the pertinent psychological dispositions, cultural expressions, and institutional frameworks that underpin guanxi.

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