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1
Norreys, Richard. « Water quality river impact model (RIM) for river basin management ». Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305863.
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2
Cheung, Sheung-ching. « Transboundary water pollution between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta Region : Dongjiang River as a case study / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25247645.
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3
Griffiths, Ian Martin. « Automatic river quality monitoring ». Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7870.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Automatic river quality monitoring (ARQM) is potentially an important tool in water quality management for the National Rivers Authority (NRA) and similar organisations worldwide. The information produced by ARQM systems must be used in the most effective way and fully integrated with the manual monitoring effort. The status and development of ARQM systems in the freshwater and estuarine River Thames catchment are discussed and a practical appraisal of the design, operation and maintenance requirements given. Data capture, verification and presentation methods are developed and the use of ARQM data for real time management and subsequent analysis is advocated. Examples of data from the freshwater ARQM system are given which emphasise the variability of freshwater quality and the need for a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of rivers before management decisions are made. The use of ARQM data for assessing the compliance of rivers with River Quality Objectives is examined. With respect to the tidal Thames, data processing methods to correct for the tidal movement of the waterbody are developed. ARQM data are used to highlight the principal factors affecting the water quality of the tidal Thames. The importance of the use of ARQM information in the effective management of the tidal Thames is discussed and operational examples demonstrate how it may be utilised as a basis for management decisions. The application of ARQM to the sub-tropical environment of the River Ganges, India, is investigated. An ARQM system has been designed and prototypes are operational. Extensive site surveys were carried out and the water quality status of the Ganges is discussed. Recommendations for the improvement and future development of ARQM systems are made. The use of ARQM information and its potential for improving the management of rivers is discussed.
4
Cheng, Man-shun. « A review of river water quality in Hong Kong / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20042176.
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5
Andrish, Sean David, et Sean David Andrish. « Water quality management in the Quinnipiac River Basin, Connecticut ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626903.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Quinnipiac River Basin, located in South-Central Connecticut, flows 38 miles
from its headwaters in New Britain and Plainville, Connecticut to its mouth in New
Haven Harbor. The basin is heavily developed, with the majority of the land in the basin
classified as residential and urban. The five municipal water pollution control facilities
and one large privately-owned water pollution control facility operating in the Quinnipiac
Basin are responsible for maintaining acceptable levels of water quality in the
Quinnipiac River.
While the current water quality management practices within the Quinnipiac
River basin are capable of meeting the various water quality standards, changes in the
water quality management system may require an adjustment or alteration of the current
management practices. The focus of this study is the identification of possible
improvements to the current water resources management practices in the Quinnipiac
Basin and a discussion of the feasibility of the proposed improvements.
6
Maeda, Shigeya. « Optimization of wasteload allocation for river water quality management ». Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78139.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9623号
農博第1251号
新制||農||843(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3655(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G381
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 河地 利彦, 教授 青山 咸康, 教授 高橋 強
学位規則第4条第1項該当
7
Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich. « River water quality modelling for river basin and water resources management with a focus on the Saale River, Germany ». [Potsdam] : [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein], 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981609600.
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8
Boitsidis, Periklis. « Aspects of water quality management in an urban river : the Upper River Tame ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404172.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research addresses the mechanistic behaviour of urban catchments, particularly under the effects of rainfall, using the case study of the River Tame in West Midlands. The catchment response in wet weather is dominated by combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges into the river, causing water quality deterioration. Severe dissolved oxygen depletions often occur resulting in exceedence of fundamental intermittent standards; high ammonia values are also induced but un-ionised ammonia is constrained by the prevailing neutral pH. The five most dominant responses of ammonia to rainfall are identified based on antecedent dry period, the magnitude and timing of ammonia peaks, the initial rainfall intensity gradient and the patterns of rainfall intensity. Field studies support data analysis of the historic database and establish a temporal picture of BOD during storms. Simulation of river flow and water quality in low flow and storm conditions is achieved by employing MIKE 11, a deterministic mathematical model, with variable fidelity due to temporal and spatial variability of inputs. The model is tested as part of a decision support system for river water quality management. Simulations of various management schemes indicate that real time CSO control and on-line storage cannot guarantee water quality improvements and that on-line storage can be useful in combating excessively high pollutant concentrations.
9
Thoe, Wai. « Integrated river management of the East River field studies, hydrologic and water quality modelling / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38997575.
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10
Momoh, Jinnah Samuel. « Decision support system for river water quality forecasting and management ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246651.
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11
Goodhue, Nigel David. « Hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of the lower Kaituna River and Maketu Estuary / ». The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2375.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Maketu Estuary is a shallow intertidal estuary (2.3 km2) located in the Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand. The Kaituna River contributes the largest freshwater flow into the estuary through control gates. Lake Rotoiti and indirectly Lake Rotorua supply the base flow to the Kaituna River, with tributaries along the 50 km reach also significantly contributing to the flow. Water quality within the river is affected by elevated nutrients, faecal coliforms, high oxygen demand and algae concentrations derived from the lakes as well as contributions from tributaries and industrial and urban discharge. Through the use of a coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical numerical model ELCOM-CAEDYM, this study aims to examine the nutrient, phytoplankton and hydrodynamics of the Maketu Estuary and lower Kaituna River. Water quality and hydrodynamic measurements were sourced from Environment Bay of Plenty's data archives as well as a number of instrument deployments to collect water velocity, tidal elevation and salinity and temperature measurements during the course of this study. Included in the field work was a survey of the lower river and estuary bathymetry. Model simulations predicted that the maximum residence time in the Maketu Estuary is 1.5 days, occurring in the inner western region. Residence time in the lower river (mouth to 8.5 km upstream) is in the order of hours although some variations were predicted near the river mouth. Growth rates of four phytoplankton groups where assessed over a 15 day period in January 2004. In the Kaituna River ELCOM-CAEDYM predicted that the community growth rates were small with the exception of a slight increase in biomass of the two freshwater groups in a semi-detached river bend. The increase in the loop was correlated with an increase of residence time. In the estuary, marine diatoms showed the highest growth rates in the western region which is expected to relate to retention time and available nutrients. Dinoflagellates showed the smallest variation in predicted growth rates, most likely due to their broad salinity tolerance. The two freshwater species showed a reduction in abundance when mixed with marine water. A principle limiting factor to phytoplankton growth in both the river and estuary is the low residence time. A number of scenarios were simulated in the river and estuary by altering the forcing conditions in the model. A simulation of the increased nutrient load associated with the Rotoiti diversion wall revealed that phytoplankton growth in the river and estuary will not be significantly affected. Because of the close proximity of the control gates to the river mouth, a proportion of water drawn through the structure can be marine. By opening the old river channel, model simulations predicted that a reduction in salinity would be possible, however the outcome of complete freshwater is probably not achievable. Increasing the discharge volume from the river into the estuary was also simulated. The results indicated that increasing the freshwater inflow at Fords Cut would reduce the salinity in the estuary while increasing the net (residual) flow towards the estuary mouth. Increasing the flow would also result in a greater range of salinity in regions of the estuary. Changing the inflow location to the historic Papahikahawai Channel also affected the salinity in the estuary. The most significant effect of an inflow at this location was a reduction of the residual currents in the western region of the estuary.
12
Thoe, Wai, et 陶煒. « Integrated river management of the East River : field studies, hydrologic and water quality modelling ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38997575.
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13
Scott, Casey G. « Biological water quality assessment of the Little Wolf River watershed / ». Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/scott.pdf.
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14
Hess, Anna N. « The Wolf River and Rock River watersheds : developing a regional curve for bankfull stage / ». Link to full text, 2009. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2009/Hess.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2009.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Water Resources), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-115).
15
O'Donnell, Thomas Kevin. « River restoration in the upper Mississippi River Basin ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4532.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
16
Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich [Verfasser]. « River water quality modelling for river basin and water resources management with a focus on the Saale River, Germany / Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt ». [Potsdam] : [Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein], 2006. http://d-nb.info/981609600/34.
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17
Weiss, Steven P. « Bioassessment of the West Branch of the Wolf River / ». Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/weiss.pdf.
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18
Cheng, Man-shun, et 鄭文順. « A review of river water quality in Hong Kong ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253982.
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19
Kilpatrick, Gerrod Wayne. « Watershed Based Analysis For Water Quality Management Within The Escatawpa River System ». MSSTATE, 2001. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04052001-123036/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Assessment of water quality within the Escatawpa River system was accomplished utilizing the Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS 2.0) to develop the watershed model, and the CE-QUAL-W2 software to develop the estuary model. The watershed model was utilized to quantify both hydrodynamic and water quality (fecal coliforms) characteristics of the watershed for a simulation period spanning from 1990 through 1999. Herein, calibration and application results are presented for watershed and estuary simulations made in an uncoupled manner. The models were developed such that loose coupling of watershed and estuary models can be accomplished as a subsequent phase of this ongoing project. CE-QUAL-W2 model calibration was performed utilizing a set of site specific data acquired on the Escatawpa Estuary System during an intensive survey period of September 10-15, 1997. Dissolved oxygen levels in the system were closely examined, with regards to the impacts from point source discharges.
20
Kneis, David. « A water quality model for shallow river lake systems and its application in river basin management ». Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1464.
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21
張嫦淸 et Sheung-ching Cheung. « Transboundary water pollution between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta Region : Dongjiang River as a case study ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260755.
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22
Kaewkrajang, Vuttichai. « Integrated planning of water quality management system in the Tha Chin River Basin ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ54715.pdf.
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23
Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich [Verfasser], et Albrecht [Gutachter] Gnauck. « River water quality modelling for river basin and water resources management with a focus on the Saale River, Germany / Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt ; Gutachter : Albrecht Gnauck ». Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177802813/34.
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24
Defenbaugh, Angela Lynn. « Evaluating Ohio River Basin Waters : A Water Quality and Water Resources Internship with the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1389295851.
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25
Mgese, Sivile. « An analysis of water quality discharging into the Berg River at Paarl, Western Cape ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11543.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In densely settled urban and peri-urban areas of South Africa, stormwater infrastructure is frequently being used as a conduit for the daily discharge of effluents resulting in the deterioration of rivers and other receiving water bodies. This study investigates the pollution load from urban localities entering the Berg River at Paarl, and in particular, seeks to determine whether or not there is a difference in the pollution load immediately after periods of wet and dry weather conditions.
26
Ngwenya, Faith. « Water quality trends in the Eerste River, Western Cape, 1990 - 2005 ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2843_1189582559.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Eerste River is a river system which has, over the years, been subjected to human interference. The purpose of this study was to investigatge temporal and spatial trends in the water quality of the Eerste River between 1990 and 2005. The study results revealed that the major trends in the water quality of the Eerste River are more spatial than temporal.
27
Mao, Feng. « Ecological water quality assessment and science-driven policy : investigating the EU Water Framework Directive and river basin governance in China ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708638.
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28
Arufe, Jorge A. « Urbanization, water quality, and aquatic ecosystem condition in the lower Truckee River watershed ». abstract and full text PDF (free order & ; download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436471.
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29
Senyah, Hubert A. « Comparing Nitrogen and Phosphorous Trends in Two Watersheds : The Case of the Urban Cuyahoga and Agricultural Maumee Rivers ». Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1133368795.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 49, [6] p. : ill., maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49).
30
Torpen, David Randal. « Stakeholder Preferences for Water Quality Alternatives in the Red River Basin ». Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29799.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this research is to estimate stakeholder preferences for management alternatives within the Red River of the North basin. Specifically, this thesis analyzes preferences related to water quality, water-based recreation, water supply, and institution. Results are estimated using choice experiments. Data show that residents are willing to pay approximately $84 per year for wetland restoration, $76 per year for additional bike trails, and $117 for enhanced fishery management. Taken to an aggregate level of all counties with land in the basin, willingness to pay is approximately $24 million for wetlands, $22 million for bike trails, and $34 million for enhanced fishery management. These values can assist institutions in making decisions related to the basin's water resources.National Institute for Water Research
Geological Survey (U.S.)
31
Castern, Maureen P. « Stormwater quality management strategy : Peters Creek watershed ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The effect of stormwater runoff on the water quality of Peters Creek was investigated. Creek water was sampled at rural, suburban and urban sites. Background and runoff samples were analyzed for sediment, nutrient and heavy metal concentrations.
The area upstream of the suburban site was found to contribute the greatest contamination to the creek but the heavy metal contributions were accumulated throughout the watershed. The creek water contained sufficient nutrients to potentially contribute to the eutrophication of Smith Mountain Lake downstream. As the watershed has been developed, flooding has increased in frequency.
The detrimental effects of runoff can be reduced in the watershed by clearing the trash from the creek bed, enforcing construction erosion control and creek bed alteration ordinances and by building a series of detention basins in the creek upstream from common sites of flooding.Master of Science
incomplete_metadata
32
Arbuthnott, Alison Gail. « An investigation into the effects of catchment processes on the water quality of southern chalk rivers ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367967.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of five southern English chalk streams in neighbouring catchments were investigated seasonally over two years. At the catchment scale, the five chalk rivers had very similar physio-chemical properties. Differences between years and between seasons were much greater than those between rivers or within-river longitudinal differences. Elevated inorganic nutrient concentrations, relative to reportedly 'pristine' systems, indicated some degree of catchment water quality deterioration in all five rivers. The effect of physical habitat degradation (channel overwidening and sedimentation) on river biota was investigated at a within-river, reach scale. The increased proportion of fine sediment within the coarse gravel substratum had a marked effect on invertebrate communities. Overwidening, however, was found to have little impact over the two years. Communities showed a high degree of stability between years, and between individual catchments, reflecting the high overall biological stability of these aquifer-fed river systems. Habitat manipulation experiments at the within-reach scale demonstrated the importance of substratum characteristics to macroinvertebrate communities. Invertebrate colonisation of newly exposed substrata over time was quantitatively and qualitatively different for coarse and fine particles - a function of shifting resource utilisation and microhabitat preferences. The relatively long time taken to fully colonise new substrata demonstrated the weak ability of chalk stream invertebrate communities to respond rapidly to changes in habitat, reflecting the stable physical nature of natural chalk streams and the vulnerability of their communities to anthropogenic disturbance.
33
Itoba, Tombo Elie Fereche. « Land-use on water quality of the Bottelary River in Cape Town, Western Cape ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/812.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010Freshwater scarcity and river pollution has become a serious challenge for governments and scientists. Worldwide, governments have a responsibility to provide their populations with enough clean water for their domestic needs. Scientists will have an enormous task to find a way to purify polluted water, because of its vital role in human lives and an increasing demand for water consumption due to population growth. Although the water from the Bottelary River is used on a daily basis for farming activities, its pollution level as well as spatial distribution of effluents in the catchment is unknown. In the present study, I took monthly water samples from six sampling points for laboratory analysis. The laboratory determined concentration levels of phosphorous, chloride, nitrate, and nitrate nitrogen (N03N), as well as the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids from the samples. On the same occasion's pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and temperature were measured in-situ using a multi-parameter reader. The results were then compared with the South African Water Quality Guidelines for Aquatic Ecosystems and for irrigation (DWAF, 1996a, 1996c). The non-point pollution source (NPS) model was used to generate predictions of the pollution level from the land-uses and use the data obtained from the field to validate the model predictions. Finally, I performed a two-factorial A One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) without replication to assess the spatial and temporal variation of the measured variables along the river. The findings of the study have shown that the concentration levels of some compounds are below the Target Water Quality Range (TWQR) set by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c) while, the concentrations of chloride, total nitrogen and water quality variables such as electrical conductivity, suspended solids, are higher than the TWQR (DWAF, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c). Based on the above findings water of the Bottelary River can have negative effects on the environment and human lives because of the concentration level of these compounds. It was therefore recommended that, environmentally friendly measures and practices must be undertaken in order to decrease the pollution and avoid further pollution of the river.
34
Nitsche, N. C. « Assessment of a hydrodynamic water quality model, DUFLOW, for a winter rainfall river ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51624.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Berg River is one of the largest rivers in the winter rainfall area of the Western Cape and is one of the most important water supply sources of the area. The Riviersonderend-Berg system needs to be expanded in order to meet increasing water demands of the Greater Cape Town (GCT) region. The implementation of future schemes will remove additional fresh water from the Berg River main stem, which will give rise to increased nutrient levels and higher salinity in the water. A water quality information system (WQIS) has been proposed to benefit the management of water resources, the flow quantity and the quality of the water. A part of this WQIS will be a water-quality simulation model that characterizes the water quality situation and is able to predict water quality responses to future implementations, as well as simulate different scenarios that can be used for management purposes. The objective of this study is to represent the water quality situation of the Berg River in a simulation model by implementing, testing and verifying a water quality simulation model, and assembling a hydraulic and water quality database suitable to meet foregoing objectives. This study firstly examined the water quality variables of concern: pH, Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) and phosphates to develop an understanding of the water quality responses and causes of the main stem of the Berg River system. A thorough review of the available models has been undertaken in the light of certain selection criteria, before determining that DUFLOW would be an acceptable model for this study. The water quality variables that have been modelled are TDS, Phosphates as P04, Oxygen and Temperature. As no predefined module simulating temperature, TDS and COD was included; these algorithms, describing the processes of these water quality variables have been additionally coded. The coding was possible, as DUFLOW' s water quality module consists of an open structure. The predefined water quality module was simplified to only include the water quality process algorithms, for water quality variables where data was available. Unfortunately, phosphates were mainly simulated on advection, and the influence of all the additional processes could not be assessed. All data gathering and preparation for the model had to be completed before commencing the model configuration. This included information on cross-sections, historical flow records, bridges and weirs for the hydraulic component ofDUFLOW. For the water quality module, information on historical grab samples has been obtained and 'infilled' to provide daily time series. To simulate the water quality in a river as accurately as possible, the flow simulation needs to be accurate. Ungauged subcatchment runoff was added to the simulation model to improve the correspondence between the simulated and the measured flow. Calibration of the water quality part of DUFLOW was completed by adjusting the different parameters after a sensitivity analysis. The model was verified by using a different time period than for the configuration, to ensure that an independent data set has been used. After configuring, calibrating and verifying the model, the applicability of the model could be tested for different scenario runs. Three scenarios were chosen according to real situations: • a short term effluent spill, with and without water releases from an upstream source (either Skuifraam Dam or Voëlvlei Dam); • the impact on the flow and water quality situation of the river when an upstream dam is built; • a long term management control scenario, that analyses load or concentration releases into the river according to limitations upstream and downstream of the discharge location. The scenario analysis provides an opportunity to assess the applicability of DUFLOW to simulate real time management and operational issues in a river and to aid in management decisions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Bergrivier is een van die grootste riviere in die winterreënvalgebied van die Weskaap en is een van die mees belangrike waterverskaffingsbronne in die area. Die Riviersonderend-Bergrivier-stelsel moet uitgebrei word om aan die groeiende waterbehoefte van die groter Kaapse Metropolitaanse Area te voldoen. Die implementering van toekomstige skemas sal addisionele vars water uit die hoof-loop van die Bergrivier onttrek, wat tot hoër voedingstof-vlakke en soutgehalte in die water sal lei. 'n Waterkwaliteitsinformasiestelsel (WQIS) sal van nut wees om die vloei-omvang en waterkwaliteit van waterbronne te bestuur. 'n Deel van die WQIS sal 'n waterkwaliteit-simulasiemodel wees, wat die waterkwaliteitsituasie sal kan ontleed, waterkwaliteit-reaksies op toekomstige implementerings kan voorspel, asook verskeie scenarios vir bestuursdoeleindes kan simuleer. Hierdie studie behandel spesifiek die waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes pH, totale opgeloste soute, fosfate, temperatuur en suurstof om 'n begrip te ontwikkel van die waterkwaliteitsreaksies en oorsake van die hoofloop van die Bergriviersisteem. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die waterkwaliteitsituasie van die Bergrivier uit te beeld deur die implementering, toets en kalibrasie van 'n waterkwaliteit-simulasie model, asook die insameling van hidrouliese- en waterkwaliteitsdata om aan bogenoemde doelwitte te voldoen. 'n Reeks beskikbare modelle is deeglik ondersoek voordat besluit is dat die DUFLOW model 'n gepaste model vir hierdie spesifieke studie is. Die keuse was gebaseer op spesifieke vereistes wat as belangrik beskou is deur potensiële bestuursgeorienteerde gebruiksgroepe. Die waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes wat gemodelleer is, is totale opgeloste soute, fosfate as P04, suurstof en temperatuur. Omdat geen voorgegewe temperatuur-, TDS- en COD modules in die model ingesluit is nie, is die algoritmes wat die prosesse van hierdie waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes beskryf, addisioneel gekodeer. Die kodering is moontlik gemaak deur die oop struktuur van DUFLOW se waterkwaliteitsmodule. Die voorgegewe waterkwaliteitsmodule is vereenvoudig om alleenlik die waterkwaliteit proses-algoritmes in ag te neem wanneer data vir waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes beskikbaar was. Ongelukkig is die fosfate hoofsaaklik op beweging gesimuleer, en die invloed van alle addisionele prosesse kon nie getoets word nie. Alle data-insameling en -voorbereidings vir die model moes voltooi word, voordat begin kon word met die opstel van die simulasie-model. Dit het inligting oor dwarssnitte, historiese vloeirekords, brik en keerwalle vir die hidrouliese komponent van DUFLOW ingesluit. Vir die waterkwaliteitsmodule is inligting van historiese bemonstering verkry en ingevulom 'n daaglikse tydreeks te verkry. Om die water-kwaliteit van 'n rivier so akkuraat as moontlik te simuleer, moet die vloei-simulasie redelik akkuraat wees. Ongemete sub-opvanggebied afloop is bygetel om die korrelasie tussen die gesimuleerde en gemete vloei te verbeter. Kalibrasie van die waterkwaliteitmodule van DUFLOW is voltooi deur die verskillende parameters te verstel na 'n sensitiwiteits-analise. Die model is geverifieer deur 'n ander tydperiode as die vir die opstel te gebruik, om sodoende te verseker dat Inonafhanklike data stel gebruik word. Na die opstel, kalibrasie en verifiering van die model, kon dit toegepass word vir verskillende bestuursscenanos. Drie scenarios is na aanleiding van werklike situasies gekies: 'n korttermyn uitvloeisel storting-situasie met en sonder loslatings van 'n stroomop bron (Of Skuifraamdam Of Voëlvleidam), die impak op die vloei- en waterkwaliteitsituasie van die rivier sou 'n dam stroomop gebou word. 'n langtermyn bestuurs-scenario waarin die lading en konsentrasies, veroorsaak deur die loslatings vanuit die dam na die rivier, ontleed word na aanleiding van beperkings stroomop en -af van die loslatingsplek. Die analise van die scenarios verskaf 'n geleentheid om die toepaslikheid van DUFLOW te ondersoek om werklike operasionele aangeleenthede te simuleer en om sodoende bestuursbesluite te vergemaklik.
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Litvinaitis, Andrius. « The evaluation of the influence of coastal sediments on river water quality ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130619_125148-43041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The PhD thesis deals with the characteristics of biogenic substance migration in the Lithuanian riverbank sediments and its impact on the river water quality. Six catchments of rivers with different dominant sediments, located in different hydro-logic areas of Lithuania, were selected as the object of the research. Such object selection allows to apply the results of the work to any catchment of a Lithuanian river. The aim of the thesis is to establish the characteristics of the migration of biogenic substances in sediments, ground and surface waters, taking into considera-tion climatic and geomorphological conditions of the river catchment, in order to evaluate the change in the concentration of biogenic substances in riverbank aeration zone of different sediments as well as its impact on the quality of the river water. Analytical, field investigations and experimental studies as well as mathematical modelling were applied in the work to evaluate the patterns of the change of concentration of biogenic substances in river catchments and riverbank areas.
The thesis consists of an introduction, free chapters, general conclusions and lists of references as well as the author’s publications on the topic of the PhD thesis.
The introductory chapter presents the problem of the research, the relevance of the paper, the object of research, the aim and goals of the paper are formulated as well as its scientific novelty, approval of work results and thesis statements are pre-sented... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos biogeninių medžiagų migracijos Lietuvos upių pakrančių nuogulose ypatybės ir jų įtaka upių vandens kokybei. Tyrimų objektu pasirinkti šeši skirtingose Lietuvos hidrologinėse srityse esantys tipingų nuogulų upių baseinai. Toks objektų pasirinkimas leidžia darbo rezultatus taikyti bet kuriame Lietuvos upės baseine. Disertacijos tikslas – atsižvelgiant į klimatines bei upės baseino geomorfologines sąlygas nustatyti biogeninių medžiagų migracijos ypatybes nuogulose, gruntiniuose ir paviršiaus vandenyse, siekiant įvertinti biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų kaitą upių pakrančių skirtingų nuogulų aeracinėse zonose ir jos įtaką upių vandens kokybei. Darbe analitiniais, natūriniais ir eksperimentiniais tyrimais, matematiniu modeliavimu įvertinami biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų kaitos dėsningumai upių baseinuose ir pakrantėse. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, bendrosios išvados, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Įvadiniame skyriuje suformuluota tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų aprobavimas, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvade pateiktos autoriaus disertacijos tema paskelbtos publikacijos ir pranešimai konferencijose bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmame skyriuje pateikta mokslinės literatūros biogeninių medžiagų migracijos gamtoje, upės baseino teritorinės struktūros įtakos tyrimų, Lietuvos upių vandens kokybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Childress, Ronald Jr. « Water Quality Trading Markets for the Kentucky River Basin : A Point Source Profile ». UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study assessed the feasibility and suitability of a Water Quality Trading (WQT) program within the Kentucky River Basin (KRB). The study’s focal point was based on five success factors of a WQT program: environmental suitability, geospatial orientation, participant availability, regulatory incentive, and economic incentive. The study utilized these five success factors, geographical characteristics, and Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMR) to assess the feasibility of a WQT program.
The assessment divided the KRB into five eight digit Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC), North, Middle, and South Fork, Middle Basin, and Lower Basin, to determine regional impacts caused by the nutrient PSs. Individual nutrient profiles were generated to show the number of point sources (PS) operating in the KRB, their geospatial orientation to one another, and their permitted nutrient limits and nutrient discharges in form of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total nitrogen (as ammonia) (TA).
Findings suggest trading is highly unlikely for TP and TN PSs due to the lack of regulatory standards, limited number of TN and TP PSs, and an inadequate demand for offset credits. Trading is also unlikely in all the HUC 8 watersheds except for the Lower Basin due to the lack of nutrient impaired waters.
Key Words: Point Source, Non-Point Source, Water Quality Trading, TMDL, Impaired Waters
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Rahman, Md Ashiqur. « Towards an integrated pollution management approach for the Buriganga River in Bangladesh ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8043.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Water pollution management in the Buriganga River, which encompasses the south-western periphery of the capital city Dhaka, has been a major concern for the Government of Bangladesh at least for the last two decades. Several policies based on direct regulatory measures have been adopted by the government in different times to address this issue. In spite of this, no significant improvement in the river water quality has been achieved. In addition, an updated, detailed and systematic analysis of water quality along the full length of the river has not been conducted for some time. Hence, this research aimed to postulate a new management system to control pollution in the Buriganga River based on a recently conducted qualitative and quantitative assessment of river water and wastewater that are discharged into the river. The study also aimed to evaluate the existing system for river pollution control and to determine the economic costs that are likely to result under alternative policy instruments for pollution mitigation, such as, uniform reduction, uniform taxes and tradable permit system. In the study, a conceptual framework was recommended for an integrated pollution management approach in the Buriganga River. The river water quality was found to be unacceptable (as per the standards set by the Department of Environment in Bangladesh) for the parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand on five days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and chromium (Cr) during both dry (low flow condition) and wet (high flow condition) seasons and for electrical conductivity in water (ECw) during only dry season. For the river water, the average concentration of DO ranges between 0.9 mg/L in dry and 2.8 mg/L in wet season, BOD5 between 34.5 mg/L in dry and 2.5 mg/L in wet season, COD between 60.1 mg/L in dry and 17.2 mg/L in wet season, ECw between 661 µS/cm in dry and 83 µS/cm in wet season, NH3-N between 4.1 mg/L in dry and 3.3 mg/L in wet season, Cr between 0.06 mg/L in dry and 0.07 mg/L in wet season. Temperature, pH, phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and lead (Pb) were found within the DOE acceptable limits in both dry and wet seasons. Moreover, along the length of the river, relatively higher ambient concentration of BOD5, COD, NH3-N and Cr was observed at Kholamora station for both dry and wet seasons compared to four other selected stations (receptor points) along the river. The study established that the water of the Buriganga River is polluted by a combination of wastewater from both municipal and industrial sources, located within its basin area, which are discharged through three main drainage channels. The wastewater was found hypoxic to anoxic in most cases associated with very high concentration of BOD5, COD, ECw, Cr and NH3-N compared to the guidelines. For the incoming wastewater, the minimum and the maximum average concentration (including three major discharge points) of BOD5 ranges between 251.0 to 1003.4 mg/L, COD between 378.9 to 1261.1 mg/L, ECw between 458.9 to 3939.3 µS/cm, Cr between 0.02 to 13.3 mg/L and NH3-N between 4.1 to 83.5 mg/L throughout the year. The average BOD5 pollution loading rates for the three major discharge points at Rayerbazar sluice gate, Shahidnagar drainage outlet and Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant (PSTP) effluent outfall were estimated as 83, 71 and 32 tons/day respectively. The study identified that the existing command and control (CAC) based regulatory approaches to pollution management for the Buriganga River are not functioning effectively. The compliance and enforcement of these regulatory measures are not satisfactory, which contributes to continuing pollution problems. The present pollution control measures do not provide any economic incentives for pollution prevention and adoption of new technologies. Despite the provisions made within the national policies, no specific role has been outlined to ensure the effective contribution of Non-Government Organisations/Community Based Organisations for pollution control. However, the current study found that the local community is willing, and has the potential, to directly participate in the pollution control process of this river. The research used a spreadsheet based decision support tool in order to conduct a simulation exercise for evaluating the economic efficiency of the several alternative pollution abatement policies, while meeting specific water quality targets. The method generated empirical estimates on costs of BOD5 reduction from three major discharge points in the Buriganga River using three alternative policies. The results from the simulation exercise showed that application of the approaches based on economic incentives (uniform tax or tradable permit system) could achieve significant cost savings (up to about 50 per cent) for BOD5 pollution control in the Buriganga River in contrast to the CAC based approach (uniform reduction system). Further, considering the prerequisites for the tradable permit system and the marginal difference of economic benefit to be gained from this system compared to the uniform tax system, it is recommended that at this stage the uniform pollution tax system with revenue recycling should be considered as an effective alternative policy for water quality improvement in the Buriganga River. Finally, through this interdisciplinary study a conceptual framework of an integrated pollution management system for the Buriganga River was developed taking into account the state of water quality, the weaknesses encountered in the present system, the empirical evidence of the potential benefits from economic incentive based approaches to regulating pollution and from the experiences of river pollution management in other countries. The integrated management framework was recommended by combining appropriate pollution control instruments which encourages coordination of different stakeholders, public participation and application of economic incentive based measures. The proposed new approaches (economic incentive and community involvement) do not replace the present regulatory measures (particularly the ambient water quality standards) but they rather complement them. The research also proposed a set of policy initiatives that should be implemented within the integrated management framework. It would necessitate legislative changes to incorporate a legal basis for pollution taxing. The legal reform should incorporate the scope to vary the emission tax rate from time to tome and/or to impose strict regulations in short notice in case of emergency situation. In this context, legal agreements between polluters and regulatory authorities could be formed in order to ensure the proper collection of pollution taxes. The study also suggested the strengthening of organisational capacity at the cost of aborting the involvement of multiple government authorities, in favour of a single authority that would be invested with full power and responsibility for pollution control in the Buriganga River. Hence it was recommended that a Buriganga River Management Authority be established, to work under the supervision of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF). This agency could be assigned with legislative power and would hold sole responsibility to manage and coordinate all activities related to pollution control and conservation of the Buriganga River. Moreover, the study noted the significant positive contributions of community participation and commitments towards managing the pollution problem of the Buriganga River and the catalytic role it could play. With this end in view, the proposed integrated approach recommended formulating a standard procedure and guideline for water quality monitoring by community groups to ensure ease and efficiency of their work. In addition, necessary training programs should be directed by experts in the field to equip in the community for this purpose. Giving the community a responsible role in monitoring and recording failures and improvements could provide the necessary focus of attention and impetus required to resolve the Buriganga River pollution problem. Application of economic incentive based instruments and continual disclosure of information were also recommended in the study. The study concluded that a sustainable pollution management system for the Buriganga River could be achieved by bringing together all the stakeholders concerned at a local level and by applying appropriate pollution control measures along with the suggested set of policies.
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Van, Glubt Sarah. « Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Chehalis River Using CE-QUAL-W2 ». PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3486.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, exists within five counties, and flows through agricultural, residential, industrial, and forest land areas. Four major rivers discharge to the Chehalis River, as well as many smaller creeks, five wastewater treatment plants, and groundwater flows.
Flooding is a major problem in the relatively flat areas surrounding the cities of Chehalis and Centralia, with severe consequences for property, safety and transportation. As a result, construction of a flood-control dam in the upper basin has been proposed. One major concern of constructing a dam is the potentially severe impacts to fish health and habitat. The Chehalis River has routinely violated water quality standards for primarily temperature and dissolved oxygen, and has had multiple water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load studies beginning in 1990.
CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate the Chehalis River, including free flowing river stretches and stratified (in summer) lake-like stretches. The goals of this research were to assess the flood retention structure's impacts to water quality, as well as river responses to potential climate change scenarios.
In order to use the model to achieve these goals, calibration to field data for flow, temperature, and water quality constituents was performed. This involved developing meteorological data, riparian shading data, and flow, temperature, water quality records for all tributaries during the calibration period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. System cross-sectional geometry data were also required for the model grid. Because of the short travel time in the river, the model was sensitive to boundary condition data, wind speed, bathymetry, nutrient kinetics, and algae, epiphyton, and zooplankton kinetics.
Future conditions showed predictions of warmer water temperatures and slight changes to water quality conditions on the river. As fish in the area prefer cooler water temperatures, this could pose a threat to fish health and habitat. Flood retention structures also showed impacts to river temperature and water quality. Structures with the purpose of flood retention only (only operating during times of flooding) gave model predictions for daily maximum temperature higher than structures that employed flood retention and flow augmentation (operating during all times of the year). This suggested the management of flow passage or retention by the dam is important for water quality on the river.
As this research continues improvements will be made, particularly to temperature and water quality constituents. Additional data for the system would be beneficial to this process. Model predictions of temperature were sensitive to meteorological data, including cloud cover, which were largely estimated based on solar radiation. Additional meteorological data throughout the basin would be useful to temperature results. Temperature results were also sensitive to the model bathymetry, and additional investigations into segments widths and water depths may improve temperature predictions.
Water quality constituent data were largely lacking for the system. Many estimation techniques and approximations were used for input water quality constituents for the model upstream boundary and tributaries when little or no data were available, introducing uncertainty to the model. It was not possible to calibrate pH to field data because alkalinity data were essentially unavailable. However, other constituents had good agreement between model predictions and field data, including dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids.
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Al, Murib Muhanned. « Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Tigris River System in Iraq Using CE-QUAL-W2 ». PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4230.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Tigris River is one of two primary rivers in Iraq and is, along with the Euphrates, the main source for drinking and irrigation water in the country. The Tigris River originates in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, and is 1850 km long. The majority of the river lies within Iraq. The river passes through, and is the primary drinking water source for major cities such as Mosul, Baeji, Samarra, Baghdad (the capital), and Kut. The Tigris River joins the Euphrates River in Qurna city within Basra province to form the Shatt Al-Arab River which eventually discharges into the Persian Gulf.
As a result of fluctuations in flow rate along the Tigris River that cause both potential flooding and drought, Mosul Dam was built on the mainstem of the Tigris River upstream of the city of Mosul and was operated starting in July 1986 to control the river flow and to generate hydroelectricity. Some canals were also constructed to divert excess fresh water from the mainstem of the river at Samarra Barrage located 125 km north (upstream) of Baghdad to Tharthar Lake, an artificial lake located 100 km northwest Baghdad city. The Tigris-Tharthar canal, 75 km long, was constructed in 1956 to divert excess water from Samarra Barrage to Tharthar Lake and to prevent potential flooding in Baghdad. During dry seasons, high total dissolved solids (TDS) water is diverted from Tharthar Lake into the mainstem of the Tigris River through the 65 km long Tharthar-Tigris canal, which is located 25 km upstream Baghdad.
Due to rapid population growth and increasing industrial activates, the Tigris River is also facing many water quality challenges from inflows of contaminated wastewater from treatment plant stations. A water quality model that simulates the Tigris River system is therefore needed to study the effects of these discharges and how water quality of the Tigris River could be managed. To address this issue, CE-QUAL-W2 was used to develop a 2-D (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model of the mainstem Tigris River from Mosul Dam (Rkm 0) to Kut Barrage (Rkm 880). In addition, Tharthar Lake and its canals were modeled.
A full suite of hydrodynamic and water quality variables were simulated for the year 2009, including flowrates, water level, and water temperature. Additionally, water quality constituents such as total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate (PO4), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were also simulated. Bathymetry of the Tigris River and field data such as flowrate, water level, TDS, NO3 were obtained from the Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq, while surface water temperatures of the Tigris River were estimated remotely using Landsat satellites. These satellites provided a continuous observation record of remote sites. Other water quality field data, such as PO4, NH4, BOD, and DO, were estimated from literature values.
Meteorological data, including, wind speed, wind direction, air and dew point temperatures, cloud cover, and solar radiation were obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation, the General Organization for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring.
Model predictions of flow and water level were compared to field data at three stations along the mainstem of the Tigris River, including Baeji, downstream of Samarra Barrage, and Baghdad. The absolute mean error in the flow varied from 12.6 to 3.4 m3/s and the water level absolute mean error varied from 0.036 to 0.018 m. The percentage error of the overall flowrate at Baeji, downstream Samarra Barrage and Baghdad was 1.9%, 0.8%, and 0.8% respectively. Injecting a conservative tracer at Mosul Dam showed that a parcel of water reaches to Baeji, Samarra Barrage, Baghdad, and Kut Barrage after approximately 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, and 19 days, respectively.
Water temperature field data in Iraq are limited and there was no archive of existing field data. Therefore, I obtained estimates of surface water temperature on the Tigris River using the thermal band of the Landsat satellite, one of a series of satellites launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The calibration between satellite data and water temperature was validated using sparse field data from 2004, and the calibration then applied to 82 Landsat images from the year 2009. Landsat estimates showed a bias of -2°C compared to model results in winter months, possibly due to uncertainty in Landsat estimations. The absolute mean errors of the CE-QUAL-W2 model predictions of water temperature compared to Landsat estimated temperatures were 0.9 and 1.0°C at Baeji and Baghdad respectively. Temperature calibration in the Tigris River system was highly sensitive to meteorological input data. Landsat Images were also used to estimate longitudinal variation in surface water temperature of Tharthar Lake. It was found that surface water temperature in Tharthar Lake varied longitudinally along the North-South axis with warmer temperatures in the lower part compared with the upper part of the lake.
Total dissolved solids concentrations in the Tigris River significantly increased from Mosul Dam to Kut Barrage with peak concentrations of 900 mg/l and 1050 mg/l at Baghdad and Kut, respectively, due to high TDS water diverted from Tharthar Lake, irrigation return flow, urban runoff, and uncontrolled discharge of wastewater effluents. NO3 concentrations did not significantly increase between Samarra Barrage and Baghdad city. BOD concentrations within Baghdad were extremely high due to direct discharge of industrial wastewater into the mainstem of the Tigris River from outlets located within the city.
Management scenarios were simulated with the model of the Tigris River system and were compared with the base model. The main scenarios implemented on the Tigris River system were altering upstream hydrology, increasing air temperature due to the effect of climate change, disconnecting Tharthar Lake from the Tigris River system, and simulating long-term effects on Tharthar Lake. Increasing upstream inflows caused a decrease in TDS concentrations from 495 mg/l to 470 mg/l over all the mainstem of the river. In addition, CBOD concentrations decreased somewhat from 5.9 mg/l to 5.74 mg/l. On the other hand, decreasing upstream flows caused a significant increase in average TDS concentrations over the entire Tigris mainstem from 495 mg/l to 527 mg/l. Also, an increase in CBOD concentrations from 5.9 mg/l to 6.2 mg/l was predicted over all the mainstem of the river. Implementing the climate change scenario on the base model of the Tigris River system showed a 5% increase in annually averaged water temperature from 20.7°C to 21.68°C over the mainstem river. Climate change scenarios produced no significant impacts on TDS and CBOD concentrations in the mainstem, while DO concentrations decreased from 8.15 mg/l to 7.98 mg/l with a slight increase in Chl-a concentration from 1.97 µg/l to 2 µg/l in the mainstem. Disconnecting Tharthar Lake from the system showed a remarkable 25% decrease in TDS concentrations, with an average concentration changed from 495 mg/l to 397 mg/l in the mainstem due to an extra 36% increase in flow discharged downstream of Samarra Barrage. Also, Chl-a concentration significantly decreased by 40% with an average concentration changed from 2 µg/l to 1.2 µg/l.
Additionally, a 6-year model simulation of the Tigris River system was performed to evaluate the long-term effects on Tharthar Lake. No significant impact was observed in the average temperature of the lake. TDS concentrations in the lake decreased from 1239 mg/l to 1041 mg/l. PO4, NH4 and NO3 concentrations decreased by 2%, 66% and 26%, respectively. Chl-a concentration in Tharthar Lake decreased from 2.0 µg/l to 1.61 µg/l. After decreasing BOD concentrations of the Tigris River by 50%, BOD concentrations in the mainstem decreased by 24%, while DO concentrations increased by 2.8%. There were no significant impacts on Chl-a concentrations in the mainstem of the river. Finally, for a scenario where extremely low dissolved oxygen release from Mosul Dam in the summer, it was found that approximately 50 km below Mosul Dam was affected before DO concentrations reached an equilibrium concentration.
For further work on the Tigris River system, it is recommended to model the Tigris River from Kut Barrage to the confluence with the Euphrates River, about 400 km long, and connect it with the current model to have a complete model of the Tigris River system from Mosul Dam to the confluence with the Euphrates River. This is necessary to manage water the entire system of the Tigris River and also to provide enough water with good quality in Basra.
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Spriggs, Shelley, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University et Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. « Participatory decision making : new democracy or new delirium ? » THESIS_FEMA_xxx_Spriggs_S.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/109.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ever since the laborious consultation process to set the National Greenhouse Response Strategy (1991-1992), stakeholder 'consultation' has been something Australian governments do. Or attempt to do. A recent trend in NSW in particular has been to expand the concept and practice of consultation to multi-party, collaborative decision-making, also referred to as participatory democracy. One such initiative officially begun in August 1997 is the River Management Committee (RMC) exercise. For this tremendous outlay of financial and human resources, the government is taking a punt that the committee will deliver better decisions, and more timely actions, on river flows and water quality in each of the major regulated river valleys in the state. The set up and first year of operation of the RMC exercise is the subject of this thesis. Specifically it examines the design of the process and its appropriateness to the task at hand; the reality of consensus decision-making amongst people with opposing views; the democratic ideal of participants learning to be 'other directed' in terms of putting aside their own positions to work for the common good; and affordability of such exercises from both the government and non-government participants' points of view. The themes emerging from this thesis have become the focus for further research.Master of Science (Hons)
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Naramngam, Sarawuth. « Modeling the impacts of agricultural management practices on water quality in the Little Miami River Basin ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1226935894.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Susanna Tong PhD (Committee Chair), icholas Dunning PhD (Committee Member), Robert Frohn PhD (Committee Member), Xinhao Wang PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 8, 2009). Keywords: farming practices; flow; water quality; modeling; farming economics; SWAT. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Davidson, Celene. « Catchment diagnostic framework for the Klip River catchment, Vaal Barrage, October 1998 - September 1999 ». Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21298.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research report is a completed Catchment Diagnostic Framework (CDF) for the Klip
River catchment (Johannesburg) for the period October 1998 to September 1999.
The framework consists of a catchment description and a diagnostic index which provide
a simple and representative view of the catchment and its characteristics and assist in
identifying problem areas.
GIS maps, graphs and tables are used to provide a background of the catchment. The
Diagnostic Index is based on a set of Indicators that are calculated and then scored
according to a rating system allowing for the calculation of an overall value for the
catchment. The indicators and description cover resource conditions, socioeconomics,
water quantity, water quality and management.
Using this CDF it was found that the Klip River catchment is highly altered due to
mining, urban, industrial and agricultural development. All of these have impacts on the
beneficial use of the Klip River itself and on the downstream users of the Vaal Barrage.AC 2016
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Witter, Jonathan D. « Water quality, geomorphology, and aquatic life assessments for the Olentangy River TMDL evaluation ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149015491.
Texte intégral
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Telci, Ilker Tonguc. « Optimal water quality management in surface water systems and energy recovery in water distribution networks ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45861.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two of the most important environmental challenges in the 21st century are to protect the quality of fresh water resources and to utilize renewable energy sources to lower greenhouse gas emissions. This study contributes to the solution of the first challenge by providing methodologies for optimal design of real-time water quality monitoring systems and interpretation of data supplied by the monitoring system to identify potential pollution sources in river networks. In this study, the optimal river water quality monitoring network design aspect of the overall monitoring program is addressed by a novel methodology for the analysis of this problem. In this analysis, the locations of sampling sites are determined such that the contaminant detection time is minimized for the river network while achieving maximum reliability for the monitoring system performance. The data collected from these monitoring stations can be used to identify contamination source locations. This study suggests a methodology that utilizes a classification routine which associates the observations on a contaminant spill with one or more of the candidate spill locations in the river network. This approach consists of a training step followed by a sequential elimination of the candidate spill locations which lead to the identification of potential spill locations. In order to contribute the solution of the second environmental challenge, this study suggests utilizing available excess energy in water distribution systems by providing a methodology for optimal design of energy recovery systems. The energy recovery in water distribution systems is possible by using micro hydroelectric turbines to harvest available excess energy inevitably produced to satisfy consumer demands and to maintain adequate pressures. In this study, an optimization approach for the design of energy recovery systems in water distribution networks is proposed. This methodology is based on finding the best locations for micro hydroelectric plants in the network to recover the excess energy. Due to the unsteady nature of flow in water distribution networks, the proposed methodology also determines optimum operation schedules for the micro turbines.
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Moses, Mariana. « An investigation into the negative external impact of water pollution, public policy options and coping strategies --with specific references to the Lotus River Catchment area ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Texte intégral
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Swindasz, Jaime Alison. « Land-use & ; Water Quality in the Headwaters of the Alafia River Watershed ». Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this study is to investigate land-use changes and water quality trends within the headwaters of the Alafia River watershed. Water quality data were obtained from the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPCHC). Eleven water quality parameters selected for analysis included: temperature (˚C), dissolved oxygen (DO), percent saturation of DO, conductivity, pH, total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium, chlorophyll-a (uncorrected), fecal coliforms, and enterococci. ArcMap® & SWFWMD data were used to map EPCHC sampling stations, calculate contributing watershed size, and determine land-use changes over the course of the sampling period; 17 stations were chosen for this study. The annual average for each of the water quality parameters was calculated along with a Mann-Kendall Trend Analysis in order to determine if any of the observed trends were statistically significant. A non-parametric Kendall’s tau-b correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression tests were conducted in SPSS to determine if any statistically significant relationships between water quality data, land-use and basin size exist.
The land-use results showed every basin consisted of some percentage of Low Density Residential, Cropland & Pastureland, Reservoirs, and Streams & Lake Swamps. In addition, no basin comprised of more than 20% wetlands and often it appears urbanization was at the sacrifice of agricultural lands, as opposed to wetlands. The trends in water quality showed eight of the 17 basins had at least one statistically significant trend. Analysis of the data used for this study has shown instances where water quality measurements were in violation of state standards. Changes in water quality can be statistically related to changes in land-use and basin size as both the correlation and the regression showed consistent relationships between several LULC types and water quality parameters: increases in Commercial & Services causes increased nutrients (TP and TN); Cropland & Pastureland causes decreased DO and DO% Saturation; increases in Tree Crops causes a decrease in pH; increasing Other Open Lands Rural causes a decrease in temperature; and increases in Shrub & Brushland cause decreases in conductivity and pH. As these relationships are based on the results from both analyses, it would seem that these relationships are the most reliable, and are key results of the study. These key relationships might be areas that future water resource managers may want to focus on in order to more efficiently improve or regulate water quality within headwater streams.
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Spriggs, Shelley. « Participatory decision making : new democracy or new delirium ? » Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Environmental Management & ; Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/109.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ever since the laborious consultation process to set the National Greenhouse Response Strategy (1991-1992), stakeholder 'consultation' has been something Australian governments do. Or attempt to do. A recent trend in NSW in particular has been to expand the concept and practice of consultation to multi-party, collaborative decision-making, also referred to as participatory democracy. One such initiative officially begun in August 1997 is the River Management Committee (RMC) exercise. For this tremendous outlay of financial and human resources, the government is taking a punt that the committee will deliver better decisions, and more timely actions, on river flows and water quality in each of the major regulated river valleys in the state. The set up and first year of operation of the RMC exercise is the subject of this thesis. Specifically it examines the design of the process and its appropriateness to the task at hand; the reality of consensus decision-making amongst people with opposing views; the democratic ideal of participants learning to be 'other directed' in terms of putting aside their own positions to work for the common good; and affordability of such exercises from both the government and non-government participants' points of view. The themes emerging from this thesis have become the focus for further research.
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Hillegas, James Vincent. « Working for the "Working River" : Willamette River Water Pollution, 1926 to 1962 ». PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3570.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Efforts to abate Willamette River pollution between 1926 and 1962 centered on a struggle between abatement advocates and the two primary polluters in the watershed, the City of Portland and the pulp and paper industry. Throughout the twentieth century, the Willamette was by far the most heavily populated and industrialized watershed in Oregon. Like many other of the world's rivers, the Willamette was an integral part of municipal and industrial waste removal systems. As such, the main stem of the river carried the combined wastes from sewage outfalls serving hundreds of thousands of people and millions of gallons daily of pulp and paper making effluents. Exacerbating the impacts of these pollutants on the Willamette were unavoidable geologic and hydrologic constraints impacting the river's flow and, therefore, the river's ability to dilute wastes.
As the pollution load in the Willamette River increased throughout the twentieth century, accustomed activities such as recreation, sports fishing, and commercial fishing, were constrained. The polluted water also threatened potential uses of the river, such as tourism and expanded recreation after World War II. To address these concerns, beginning in 1926 clean streams advocates created ad hoc groups of public health experts, sanitary engineers, conservationists, sportsmen, and others to pressure Portland officials and industry representatives to cease polluting the river. In November 1938, continued activism and lobbying from these groups led to the passage of a citizen's initiative creating the Oregon State Sanitary Authority (OSSA). From 1939 to 1962, the OSSA took the lead in the water pollution abatement issue and realized some limited successes including pushing Portland and other cities to build sewage treatment plants and regulating pulp and paper mill discharges. However, in spite of these accomplishments, the issue of water quality grew more complex and difficult through the 1950s, as reflected in Tom McCall's November 1962 television documentary Pollution in Paradise.
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Ruminaitė, Rasa. « Research and evaluation of the anthropogenic activity impact on the river runoff and water quality ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101222_130626-88044.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The dissertation investigates the influence of anthropogenic activities to rivers runoff and water quality. The main object of research is international, the second largest river basins in Lithuania – Lielupė river basin district (RBD). An exclusive trait of Lielupė RBD is especially intensive agricultural activities and karst processes. The primary purpose of this dissertation is estimate the influence of anthropogenic activities to impacts of rivers runoff and water quality in Lielupė river basin district, according to European Union directives, the Republic of Lithuania laws and regulations requirements on water quality.
Following tasks are solved in the work: the impact of too wet lands drainage on the river runoff changes, the impact from different pollution sources of anthropogenic activities to rivers water quality.
The dissertation is composed of introduction, six chapters, general conclusions, recommendations and references.
The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the paper, research methodology, scientific novelty and defended statements. The introduction ends in presenting the author’s publications on the subject of the defended dissertation and defining the structure of the dissertation.
Chapter 1 revises used literature. It analysis anthropogenic impact of rivers runoff and nutrient migration in the rivers water. It performs the part of mathematical modeling of... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjama antropogeninės veiklos įtaka upių nuotėkiui ir vandens kokybei. Tyrimo objektas yra tarptautinis, antrasis pagal dydį Lietuvoje Lielupės upių baseinų rajonas (UBR). Išskirtiniai Lielupės UBR bruožai – ypač intensyviai vykdoma žemės ūkio veikla ir aktyviai vykstantys karstėjimo procesai. Pagrindinis tyrimų tikslas – įvertinti antropogeninės veiklos Lielupės upių baseinų rajone kaitos tendencijas ir įtaką upių nuotėkiui bei vandens kokybei, atsižvelgiant į gamtosauginius ir Europos Sąjungos direktyvų, Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymų ir poįstatyminių aktų reikalavimus vandens kokybei. Darbe sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: pernelyg drėgnų žemių sausinimo įtaką upių vandeningumo kaitai, antropogeninės veiklos sąlygotos sutelktosios ir pasklidosios taršos poveikis upių vandens kokybei. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, šeši skyriai, bendrosios išvados, rekomendacijos, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas literatūros apžvalgai. Jame pateikta antropogeninės veiklos įtakos upių nuotėkiui ir biogeninių medžiagų migracijai analizė. Analizuojamas matematinio modeliavimo vaidmuo upių kokybės išsaugojimo procese. Apibūdinamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Liu, Hui. « The Development of a Water Quality Model in Baltimore Harbor, Back River, and the Adjacent Upper Chesapeake Bay ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617784.
Texte intégral