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1
Heidtke, Thomas M., et William C. Sonzogni. « Water Quality Management for the Great Lakes ». Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 112, no 1 (janvier 1986) : 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1986)112:1(48).
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Santiago, Roger, et Jean-Pierre Pelletier. « Contaminated Sediment Management : the Canadian Experience ». Water Quality Research Journal 36, no 3 (1 août 2001) : 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.024.
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Abstract Since the beginning of North America's industrialization, the Great Lakes have been negatively impacted by the discharge of industrial, agricultural and municipal pollutants. The governments of Canada and the United States have recognized that the accumulation of pollutants within the bottom sediment and the water column has had a detrimental effect on the Great Lakes ecosystem. In 1972, Canada and the United States signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, which established common water quality objectives and commitments to programs and other measures to achieve these objectives. This included measures for the abatement and control of pollution from dredging activities. By 1985, the International Joint Commission, a body established by the two countries to provide advice on boundary water issues, identified 43 Areas of Concern where impaired water quality prevented full beneficial use of rivers, bays, harbours and ports. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, amended in 1987, committed both countries to concentrate remediation efforts in these 43 Areas of Concern. This led to the development of Remedial Action Plans to assess and remediate contamination problems. Contaminated sediment was identified in all of these Areas of Concern. In 1989, the Canadian government created the 5-year $125-million Great Lakes Action Plan in support of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Of this, $55 million was allocated to the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund for the 17 Canadian Areas of Concern. A portion of the Cleanup Fund was designated for the development and demonstration of technologies for assessment, removal and treatment of contaminated sediment. Since its creation, the Remediation Technologies Program, established under the Cleanup Fund, has successfully performed 3 full-scale remediation projects, 11 pilot-scale technology demonstrations and 29 bench-scale tests. In addition to these projects, the program also evaluated existing sediment management practices and processes.
3
Garg, Jaya, et H. K. Garg. « Water Quality Management : Strategies for Conservation of Bhopal Waters ». Environment Conservation Journal 2, no 2&3 (15 décembre 2001) : 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2001.022306.
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The city of Bhopal is crowned with lakes and reservoirs, which are major sources of potable water, recreational activities and aquaculture. These reservoirs are under great environmental stress due to agricultural run offs, human encroachments, siltation and growth of aquatic needs. In order to maintain Upper lake as a healthy water- resource for drinking purposes, lower lake as a recreational ground for boating, water games, tourism and surface transport and Shahpura reservoir as a pisciculture station, an attempt has been made to formulate certain measures, that can cure the already spoilt lakes and check the water sheds from getting eutrophicated.
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Bowerman, William W., John Carey, David Carpenter, Theo Colborn, Christopher DeRosa, Michel Fournier, Glen A. Fox et al. « Is It Time For A Great Lakes Ecosystem Management Agreement Separate from the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ? » Journal of Great Lakes Research 25, no 2 (janvier 1999) : 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(99)70732-x.
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Stein, Robert E., et Jennifer Woods. « The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement : An Evolving Instrument for Ecosystem Management ». Environment : Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 28, no 6 (août 1986) : 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1986.9929923.
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Minns, Charles K., et John R. M. Kelso. « NO ! It is Time for a Great Lakes Ecosystem Management Agreement that SUBSUMES the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ». Journal of Great Lakes Research 26, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(00)70668-x.
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Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N., Meredith B. Nevers, Dawn A. Shively, Ashley Spoljaric et Christopher Otto. « Real‐Time Water Quality Monitoring at a Great Lakes National Park ». Journal of Environmental Quality 47, no 5 (septembre 2018) : 1086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.11.0462.
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Vallentyne, John R., et Alfred M. Beeton. « The ‘Ecosystem’ Approach to Managing Human Uses and Abuses of Natural Resources in the Great Lakes Basin ». Environmental Conservation 15, no 1 (1988) : 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900028460.
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An approach to planning, research, and management, that relates people to ecosystems of which they are part, is described and related to the Canada-United States Great Lakes Water Quality Agreements of 1972, 1978, and 1987. Factors favouring the development of an ‘ecosystem approach’ in the Great Lakes Basin include: a shared, highly valued resource; the long residence-times of ‘conservative’ pollutants in the Lakes; use of the Lakes for drinking-water supplies by c. 23 million people; threats to the integrity of the Lakes (pollution, water diversion); advances in ecosystem theory; the rise of voluntary membership associations with interests in the resource; institutional arrangements for managing nationally shared resources; and common economic ties and cultural heritages.The principal obstacle to implementation of an ‘ecosystem’ approach in the Great Lakes Basin is the lack of policies for comparable approaches in the political jurisdictions surrounding the Great Lakes. The principal obstacle to global implementation of an ‘ecosystem’ approach is the lack of international institutional arrangements for joint advice and operational capabilities in respect of the management of nationally shared resources. Another impediment is the widespread egocentricity of governments, corporations, individuals, and the general public.
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Li, J. Y., et D. Banting. « A storm water retrofit plan for the mimico creek watershed ». Water Science and Technology 39, no 12 (1 juin 1999) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0539.
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Storm water quality management in urbanized areas remains a challenge to Canadian municipalities as the funding and planning mechanisms are not well defined. In order to provide assistance to urbanized municipalities in the Great Lakes areas, the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment commissioned the authors to develop a Geographic Information System planning tool for storm water quality management in urbanized areas. The planning tool comprises five steps: (1) definition of storm water retrofit goals and objectives; (2) identification of appropriate retrofit storm water management practices; (3) formulation of storm water retrofit strategies; (4) evaluation of strategies with respect to retrofit goals and objectives; and (5) selection of storm water retrofit strategies. A case study of the fully urbanized Mimico Creek wateshed in the City of Toronto is used to demonstrate the application of the planning tool.
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Ejsmont-Karabin, Jolanta. « An analysis based on rotifer indices of the effects of water and sewage management on water quality in the system of interconnected glacial lakes ». Limnological Review 13, no 4 (1 décembre 2013) : 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2013-0021.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was the long-term observation of changes in the trophic status of the Great Masurian Lakes versus changes in the management of lakes’ watershed. The Great Masurian Lakes (GML), a system of interconnected glacial lakes, were, until the 80s, receivers of untreated and partially treated sewage from cities and diffuse sources, particularly in the tourist season. In the 90s, state farm areas turned into fallow land, which reduced the input of nutrients from diffuse sources. In the late 90s municipal sewage plants began to be systematically built in cities and the larger villages of the region. An analysis of changes in the trophic status of the GML hydro-system during the period of 35 years was based on rotifer indices of lake trophy. Results of the analysis show that in 1976 lakes in the northern and southern part of the GML system were mesotrophic or meso-eutrophic, while in the central part, in the triangle formed by three cities, the beginning of eutrophication was observed. After several years of increased inflow of nutrients due to the impact of tourism, a marked increase in the trophy of lakes was noticed in the central part of the system. In the 90s, after the collapse of large-scale agriculture and the installation of modern sewage treatment plants, the trophic status of nearly all lakes in the central and southern parts of the system ranged between meso-eutrophy and low eutrophy. The exceptions were Lake Nidzkie, whose trophy increased and Lake Niegocin, which became mesotrophic. Changes in the trophic status of the studied lakes indicate high sensitivity of the GML system to anthropogenic changes in their watershed.
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Huang, Chenfu, Anika Kuczynski, Martin T. Auer, David M. O’Donnell et Pengfei Xue. « Management Transition to the Great Lakes Nearshore : Insights from Hydrodynamic Modeling ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no 5 (4 mai 2019) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050129.
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The emerging shift in Great Lakes management from offshore to nearshore waters will require attention to complexities of coastal hydrodynamics and biogeochemical transformations. Emphasizing hydrodynamics, this work resolves transport processes in quantifying discharge plume and pollutant of concern (POC) footprint dimensions, the latter being the portion of the plume where water quality standards are not met. A generic approach, isolated from pollutant-specific biokinetics, provides first-approximation estimates of the footprint area. A high-resolution, linked hydrodynamic-tracer model is applied at a site in the Greater Toronto Area on Lake Ontario. Model results agree with observed meteorological and hydrodynamic conditions and satisfactorily simulate plume dimensions. Footprints are examined in the context of guidelines for regulatory mixing zone size and attendant loss of beneficial use. We demonstrate that the ratio of the water quality standard to the POC concentration at discharge is a key determinant of footprint dimensions. Footprint size for traditional pollutants (ammonia, total phosphorus) meets regulatory guidelines; however, that for soluble reactive phosphorus, a presently unattended pollutant, is ~1–2 orders of magnitude larger. This suggests that it may be necessary to upgrade treatment technologies to maintain consistency with regulatory guidelines and mitigate manifestations of the eutrophication-related soluble reactive phosphorus POC.
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Christie, W. J., Chris I. Goddard, Stephen J. Nepszy, John J. Collins et Wayne MacCallum. « Problems Associated with Fisheries Assessment Methods in the Great Lakes ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (19 décembre 1987) : s431—s438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-345.
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This paper presents a review of Great Lakes fishery assessment problems and addresses the variety of fisheries, the special circumstances created by rehabilitation, the emergence of joint strategic planning among fishery agencies, and convergence of water quality and fishery management. The inferences that emerge are that (1) continuing observation series are essential, (2) the variety of needs calls for a variety of assessment approaches, and (3) assessment objectives need to be clearly defined in order to protect the ongoing monitoring series. It is suggested that more attention should be given to fish community monitoring, to sport fishery statistics, and to gear calibration. On the other hand, improved coordination of human and material resources and focus on integration of water quality and fisheries assessment can achieve much, without great funding increases.
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Przybyla-Kelly, Kasia, Meredith B. Nevers, Cathy Breitenbach et Richard L. Whitman. « Recreational water quality response to a filtering barrier at a Great Lakes beach ». Journal of Environmental Management 129 (novembre 2013) : 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.040.
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Rücker, Jacqueline, Brigitte Nixdorf, Katrin Quiel et Björn Grüneberg. « North German Lowland Lakes Miss Ecological Water Quality Standards—A Lake Type Specific Analysis ». Water 11, no 12 (2 décembre 2019) : 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122547.
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Despite great efforts in point source reductions due to improved wastewater treatment since 1990, more than 70% of the lakes in Germany have not yet achieved the “good ecological status” according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). To elicit lake type-specific causes of this failure, we firstly analyzed the ecological status of 183 lakes in NE Germany (Federal State of Brandenburg), as reported to the European Commission in 2015. Secondly, long-term data of two typical lakes (a very shallow polymictic lake with a large and a deep stratified lake with a small catchment area in relation to lake volume) and nutrient load from the common catchment were investigated. About 64%–83% of stratified and even 96% of polymictic shallow lakes in Brandenburg currently fail the WFD aims. Excessive nutrient emissions from agriculture were identified as the main cause of this failure. While stratified deep lakes with small catchments have the best chances of recovery, the deficits in catchment management are amplified downstream in lake chains, so that especially shallow lakes in a large catchment are unlikely to reach good ecological conditions. If the objectives of the WFD are not questioned, agricultural practices and approaches in land use have to be fundamentally improved.
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Guthrie, Amanda G., William W. Taylor, Andrew M. Muir, Henry A. Regier et Marc Gaden. « Linking Water Quality and Fishery Management Facilitated the Development of Ecosystem‐based Management in the Great Lakes Basin ». Fisheries 44, no 6 (juin 2019) : 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10240.
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Markogianni, Vassiliki, Dionissios Kalivas, George P. Petropoulos et Elias Dimitriou. « Modelling of Greek Lakes Water Quality Using Earth Observation in the Framework of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) ». Remote Sensing 14, no 3 (4 février 2022) : 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030739.
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Given the great importance of lakes in Earth’s environment and human life, continuous water quality (WQ) monitoring within the frame of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the most crucial aspect for lake management. In this study, Earth Observation (EO) data from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors have been combined with co-orbital in situ measurements from 50 lakes located in Greece with the main objective of delivering robust WQ assessment models. Correlation analysis among in situ co-orbital WQ data (Chlorophylla, Secchi depths, Total phosphorus-TP-) contributed to distinguishing their inter-relationships and improving the WQ models’ accuracy. Subsequently, stepwise multiple regression analysis (MLR) of the available TP and Secchi depth datasets was implemented to explore the potential to establish optimal quantitative models regardless of lake characteristics. Then, further MLR analysis concerning whether the lakes are natural or artificial was conducted with the basic aim of generating different remote sensing derived models for different types of lakes, while their combination was further utilized to assess their trophic status. Correlation matrix results showed a high and positive relationship between TP and Chlorophyll-a (0.85), whereas high negative relationships were found between Secchi depth with TP (−0.84) and Chlorophyll-a (−0.83). MLRs among Landsat data and Secchi depths resulted in 3 optimal models concerning the assessment of Secchi depth of all lakes (Secchigeneral; R = 0.78; RMSE = 0.24 m), natural (Secchinatural; R = 0.95; RMSE = 0.14 m) and artificial (Secchiartificial; R = 0.62; RMSE = 0.1 m), with reliable accuracy. Study findings showed that TP-related MLR analyses failed to deliver a statistically acceptable model for the reservoirs; nevertheless, they delivered a robust TPgeneral (R = 0.71; RMSE = 1.41 mg/L) and TPnatural model (R = 0.93; RMSE = 1.43 mg/L). Subsequently, trophic status classification was conducted herein, calculating Carlson’s Trophic State Index (TSI) initially throughout all lakes and then oriented toward natural-only and artificial-only lakes. Those three types of TSI (general, natural, artificial) were calculated based on previously published satellite-derived Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) assessment models and the hereby specially designed WQ models (Secchi depth, TP). The higher deviation of satellite-derived TSI values in relation to in situ ones was detected in reservoirs and shallower lakes (mean depth < 5 m), indicating noticeable divergences among natural and artificial lakes. All in all, the study findings provide important support toward the perpetual WQ monitoring and trophic status prediction of Greek lakes and, by extension, their sustainable management, particularly in cases when ground truth data is limited.
17
陈, 雄. « Analysis of Water Environmental Quality and Monitoring Management in the Great Lakes Basin of East Africa ». Journal of Water Resources Research 07, no 03 (2018) : 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jwrr.2018.73027.
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Hecky, R. E., R. EH Smith, D. R. Barton, S. J. Guildford, W. D. Taylor, M. N. Charlton et T. Howell. « The nearshore phosphorus shunt : a consequence of ecosystem engineering by dreissenids in the Laurentian Great Lakes ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no 7 (1 juillet 2004) : 1285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-065.
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Dreissenid mussels have been exceptionally successful invaders in North American lakes and rivers, especially in the lower Laurentian Great Lakes. As benthic filter feeders capable of attaching to hard substrates, the magnitudes of their biomass and filtering activity in nearshore waters are without precedent. The dreissenid colonization has implications for the removal and fate of materials filtered from the water by the mussels and for the longer-term development of the nearshore benthic community and lake ecosystem. A conceptual model, the nearshore shunt, seeks to describe a fundamental redirection of nutrient and energy flow consequent to dreissenid establishment. The model explains some emergent problems in the Great Lakes, such as reemergence of Cladophora in some coastal zones while offshore P concentrations remain low, and highlights areas in need of more research. The source of particulate nutrient inputs to dreissenids and the fate of materials exported from the benthic community are critical to understanding the role of dreissenids in the lakes and assessing the applicability of current models for managing nutrients and fisheries. The nearshore shunt would require even more stringent P management for lakes strongly impacted by dreissenids to maintain nearshore water quality.
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Hartig, John H., James F. Kitchell, Donald Scavia et Stephen B. Brandt. « Rehabilitation of Lake Ontario : the Role of Nutrient Reduction and Food Web Dynamics ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no 8 (1 août 1991) : 1574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-186.
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The Laurentian Great Lakes have a complex history of changes due to eutrophication, invasion of exotic species, and fisheries and phosphorus management practices. Remedial actions have reduced nutrient loadings and enhanced the role of food web interactions in improving water quality. Workshops sponsored through the United States – Canada international Joint Commission have addressed the relative importance of nutrient abatement and/or food web manipulation in affecting water quality trends. Both controls have combined to enhance water clarity in Lake Michigan. Lake Ontario has already exhibited the effects of nutrient controls and may be on the verge of manifesting food web controls. Research and monitoring recommendations to elucidate the effects of nutrient and food web controls include the following: (1) water quality and fisheries agencies must coordinate monitoring activities, standardize techniques, and establish and maintain long-term data sets to evaluate the effects of water quality and fisheries programs separately and together; (2) controlled, mesoscale, whole-system experiments should be performed to quantify rates (e.g. growth, predation, etc.) of food web interactions; and (3) the scientific community should promote research which quantifies the impact of changes in food web dynamics on changes in toxic substance levels in Great Lakes fishes.
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Katsiapi, Matina, Savvas Genitsaris, Natassa Stefanidou, Anastasia Tsavdaridou, Irakleia Giannopoulou, Georgia Stamou, Evangelia Michaloudi, Antonios D. Mazaris et Maria Moustaka-Gouni. « Ecological Connectivity in Two Ancient Lakes : Impact Upon Planktonic Cyanobacteria and Water Quality ». Water 12, no 1 (19 décembre 2019) : 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010018.
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The ancient lakes Mikri Prespa and Megali Prespa are located in SE Europe at the transnational triangle and are globally recognized for their ecological significance. They host hundreds of flora and fauna species, and numerous types of habitat of conservational interest. They also provide a variety of ecosystem services. Over the last few decades, the two lakes have been interconnected through a surface water channel. In an attempt to explore whether such a management practice might alter the ecological properties of the two lakes, we investigated a series of community metrics for phytoplankton by emphasizing cyanobacteria. Our results demonstrate that the cyanobacterial metacommunity structure was affected by directional hydrological connectivity and high dispersal rates, and to a lesser extent, by cyanobacterial species sorting. Cyanobacterial alpha diversity was twofold in the shallow upstream Lake Mikri Prespa (Simpson index average value: 0.70) in comparison to downstream Lake Megali Prespa (Simpson index average value: 0.37). The cyanobacterial assemblage of the latter was only a strict subset of that in Mikri Prespa. Similarly, beta diversity components clearly showed a homogenization of cyanobacteria, supporting the hypothesis that water flow enhances fluvial translocation of potentially toxic and bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Degrading of the water quality in the Lake Megali Prespa in anticipation of improving that of the Lake Mikri Prespa is an issue of great concern for the Prespa lakes’ protection and conservation.
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LI, James, Don Weatherbe, Derek Mack-Mumford et Michael D’Andrea. « A Planning Tool for Stormwater Quality Management in Urbanized Areas : the City of Scarborough Case Study ». Water Quality Research Journal 32, no 1 (1 février 1997) : 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1997.004.
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Abstract One of the many challenges municipalities in the Great Lakes Remedial Action Plan (RAP) areas must face is the lack of a screening tool to determine stormwater quality management options in their urbanized areas. In support of the RAP process, Environment Canada, through the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund, the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, and the City of Scarborough, commissioned Ryerson Polytechnic University to develop a generic planning strategy for stormwater quality management in urbanized areas. The generic planning strategy comprises five steps: (1) identification of ecosystem and economic goals and objectives; (2) identification of feasible retrofit stormwater management practices (RSWMPs); (3) formulation of alternative stormwater quality management strategies in accordance with a preferred hierarchy of RSWMPs; (4) evaluation of alternative strategies with respect to cost-effectiveness; and (5) selection of a stormwater quality management strategy. To demonstrate the application of the generic planning strategy, a stormwater quality management plan was developed for the Centennial Subwatershed (730 hectares) in the City of Scarborough, which is fully urbanized. Using the generic planning strategy, the recommended stormwater quality plan assumes (1) all the roads in poor condition will be retrofitted with stormwater exfiltration systems as they are reconstructed or rehabilitated; (2) an existing quantity pond will be retrofitted with a water quality function; (3) a new water quality pond will be constructed on a government-owned site; (4) 50% of the feasible residential areas will have downspouts disconnected; and (5) all the roads in the feasible commercial areas will be retrofitted with oil/grit separators. The average annual runoff volume reduction and solids loading reduction of this strategy were estimated to be about 9 and 30%, respectively, and the associated cost was about $1.2 million.
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Li, Jiying, Vadym Ianaiev, Audrey Huff, John Zalusky, Ted Ozersky et Sergei Katsev. « Benthic invaders control the phosphorus cycle in the world’s largest freshwater ecosystem ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no 6 (25 janvier 2021) : e2008223118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008223118.
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The productivity of aquatic ecosystems depends on the supply of limiting nutrients. The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the world’s largest freshwater ecosystem, by dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels has dramatically altered the ecology of these lakes. A key open question is how dreissenids affect the cycling of phosphorus (P), the nutrient that limits productivity in the Great Lakes. We show that a single species, the quagga mussel, is now the primary regulator of P cycling in the lower four Great Lakes. By virtue of their enormous biomass, quagga mussels sequester large quantities of P in their tissues and dramatically intensify benthic P exchanges. Mass balance analysis reveals a previously unrecognized sensitivity of the Great Lakes ecosystem, where P availability is now regulated by the dynamics of mussel populations while the role of the external inputs of phosphorus is suppressed. Our results show that a single invasive species can have dramatic consequences for geochemical cycles even in the world’s largest aquatic ecosystems. The ongoing spread of dreissenids across a multitude of lakes in North America and Europe is likely to affect carbon and nutrient cycling in these systems for many decades, with important implications for water quality management.
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Dostal, Tomas, Josef Krasa, Karel Vrana, Martin Dockal, Petr Koudelka, Vaclav David et Adam Vokurka. « Sediment transport and water quality in Máchovo Lake (Czech Republic) ». Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 42, no 1 (1 janvier 2010) : 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0072-8.
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Sediment transport and water quality in Máchovo Lake (Czech Republic) Máchovo Lake is a historical reservoir founded by Czech King Charles IV. in 14th century. Located in northern part of central Bohemia it has been widely used for recreation purposes for many decades (or even centuries). Its catchments (ca 100 sq km) consist of intensively used agricultural land (ca 25% of area) and of large forested area under nature protection. Several other lakes (ponds) are chained on the two reservoir's inlets. Irrespective of its great recreation potential Máchovo Lake is one of the Bohemian lakes known for its problems with eutrophication and water quality. The project was set up to point out sources of nutrients and to search for proper solutions. Sediment loads in every lake within the catchments were measured and sampled in order to quantify the nutrients and other pollution. Point and non point sources of phosphorus and other nutrients were searched. Sediment transport within catchments was modelled using WaTEM/SEDEM model. Interestingly, the water quality in the particular ponds varies significantly even though each one of several hundred years old ponds is heavily silted. Soil erosion protection measures within catchments were proposed altogether with flood protection measures in the stream valleys and waste water treatment facilities in surrounding villages. Setting up water quality sampling devices in selected stream profiles was tested and designed. The continual proper management should lead to water quality improvement.
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Krantzberg, Gail, et Kelly Montgomery. « Restrictions on dredging as an impaired beneficial use under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ». Aquatic Ecosystem Health & ; Management 10, no 1 (mars 2007) : 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980701223701.
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Zimnicki, Thomas, Timothy Boring, Grey Evenson, Margaret Kalcic, Douglas L. Karlen, Robyn S. Wilson, Yao Zhang et Jennifer Blesh. « On Quantifying Water Quality Benefits of Healthy Soils ». BioScience 70, no 4 (19 février 2020) : 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa011.
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Abstract Despite decades of research demonstrating links between many agricultural practices and water quality, the ability to predict water quality on the basis of changes in soil health remains severely limited. By better understanding how soil health affects downstream water quality, researchers and policymakers could prioritize different conservation practices while exploring more innovative soil health management strategies. Focusing on the Great Lakes region, we describe the value and challenges of different approaches to linking soil health and water quality, specifically applying nitrogen and phosphorus mass balances and adapting simulation models to better incorporate changing soil health conditions. We identify critical research needs, including paying greater attention to a broad suite of conservation practices and to biological indicators of soil health. We also discuss key barriers to farmer adoption of conservation practices from field to national scales, highlighting that improved scientific understanding alone is insufficient to drive widespread change.
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Zhao, Y. W., M. J. Xu, F. Xu, S. R. Wu et X. A. Yin. « Development of a zoning-based environmental-ecological-coupled model for lakes : a case study of Baiyangdian Lake in North China ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no 2 (10 février 2014) : 1693–740. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-1693-2014.
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Abstract. Environmental/ecological models are widely used for lake management as they provide a means to understand physical, chemical and biological processes in highly complex ecosystems. Most research focused on the development of environmental (water quality) and ecological models, separately. Limited studies were developed to couple the two models, and in these limited coupled models a lake was regarded as a whole for analysis (i.e., considering the lake to be one well-mixed box), which was appropriate for small-scale lakes and was not sufficient to capture spatial variations within middle-scale or large-scale lakes. In response to this problem, this paper seeks to establish a zoning-based environmental-ecological-coupled model for a lake. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was adopted to determine the number of zones for a lake based on the analysis of hydrological, water quality and ecological data. MIKE21 model was used to construct two-dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality simulations. STELLA software was used to create a lake ecological model which can simulate the spatial variations of ecological condition based on flow field distribution results generated by MIKE21. The Baiyangdian Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Northern China, was adopted as the study case. The results showed that the new model was promising to predict the spatial variation trends of ecological condition in response to the changes of water quantity and water quality for lakes, and could provide a great convenience for lake management.
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Park, Jungsu, Keug Tae Kim et Woo Hyoung Lee. « Recent Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Sensor Technology for Monitoring Water Quality ». Water 12, no 2 (12 février 2020) : 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020510.
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Water quality control and management in water resources are important for providing clean and safe water to the public. Due to their large area, collection, analysis, and management of a large amount of water quality data are essential. Water quality data are collected mainly by manual field sampling, and recently real-time sensor monitoring has been increasingly applied for efficient data collection. However, real-time sensor monitoring still relies on only a few parameters, such as water level, velocity, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH. Although advanced sensing technologies, such as hyperspectral images (HSI), have been used for the areal monitoring of algal bloom, other water quality sensors for organic compounds, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) still need to be further developed and improved for field applications. The utilization of information and communications technology (ICT) with sensor technology shows great potential for the monitoring, transmission, and management of field water-quality data and thus for developing effective water quality management. This paper presents a review of the recent advances in ICT and field applicable sensor technology for monitoring water quality, mainly focusing on water resources, such as rivers and lakes, and discusses the challenges and future directions.
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Ramazanova, Makhabbat, Mihai Bulai, Adrian Ursu, Bartolomé Tortella et Anuarbek Kakabayev. « Effects of tourism development on surface area of main lakes of Shchuchinsk-Burabay resort area, Kazakhstan ». European Journal of Tourism Research 21 (1 mars 2019) : 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v21i.359.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lake (or lacustrine) water is one of the most sensitive and vulnerable resources for many tourist destinations, whose attractiveness highly depends on the water quality and availability in the lakes. The Shchuchinsk-Burabay resort area, located in the Akmola region of the Northern Kazakhstan, is one of the most popular tourist destinations of the country, known for its attractive natural landscape and for its great number of lakes. However, during the last decades, these lakes have been facing environmental issues due to their overexploitation and increasing level of pollution. Thus, the aim of the current study is to examine the changes in surface area of these lakes during the last 30 years by using GIS technologies, and the influence of tourism industry upon this phenomenon. Accommodation facilities (hotels, sanatoriums and guesthouses), as main tourism-related water consumers, have been targeted within our analysis. Results show that tourism is one of the factors responsible for surface area decline of the main lakes in the region, and its responsibility increases when combined with other factors. This study also formulates recommendations for water management policymakers in order to guarantee the sustainability of lake water as a key resource of the tourism industry in the region.
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Wool, Tim, Robert B. Ambrose, James L. Martin et Alex Comer. « WASP 8 : The Next Generation in the 50-year Evolution of USEPA’s Water Quality Model ». Water 12, no 5 (14 mai 2020) : 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051398.
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The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) helps users interpret and predict water quality responses to natural phenomena and manmade pollution for various pollution management decisions. WASP is a dynamic compartment-modeling program for aquatic systems, including both the water column and the underlying benthos. WASP allows the user to investigate 1, 2 and 3 dimensional systems and a variety of pollutant types—including both conventional pollutants (e.g., dissolved oxygen, nutrients, phytoplankton, etc.) and toxic materials. WASP has capabilities of linking with hydrodynamic and watershed models which allows for multi-year analyses under varying meteorological and environmental conditions. WASP was originally developed by HydroScience, Inc. in 1970 and was later adapted by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Large Lakes Research Station (LLRS) for applications to the Great Lakes. The LLRS first publicly released the model in 1981. WASP has undergone continuous development since that time and this year will mark its 50th anniversary. This paper follows the development of WASP from its origin to the latest release of the model in 2020, documenting its evolution and present structure and capabilities.
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Martin, Madeleine, et Kernaghan Webb. « Water quality protection of the Canada-US Great Lakes : examining the emerging state/nonstate governance approach ». International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 14, no 1 (2020) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2020.10025840.
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Martin, Madeleine, et Kernaghan Webb. « Water quality protection of the Canada-US Great Lakes : examining the emerging state/nonstate governance approach ». International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 14, no 1 (2020) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisd.2020.104245.
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Krantzberg, Gail, Michael A. Zarull et John H. Hartig. « Sediment Management : Ecological and Ecotoxicological Effects Must Direct Actions ». Water Quality Research Journal 36, no 3 (1 août 2001) : 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.022.
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Abstract The need for guidance on the bioassessment and management of contaminated sediment has been articulated by Remedial Action Plan practitioners, the International Joint Commission, scientists, and managers in many jurisdictions. Encouragingly, a convergence of opinion, on what constitutes a comprehensive sediment assessment, is beginning. However, there continues to be a need for methods to interpret and integrate multiple pieces of information on sediment chemistry, biological information from field monitoring and laboratory sediment bioassessment in an ecologically meaningful way. This paper recommends an approach to comprehensive sediment bioassessment that is driven by the need to rehabilitate “beneficial uses” as described in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The paper also highlights advances in data interpretation that are facilitating he development of sediment management strategies.
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van der Veen, C., A. Graveland et W. Kats. « Coagulation of Two Different Kinds of Surface Water before Inlet into Lakes to Improve the Self-Purification Process ». Water Science and Technology 19, no 5-6 (1 mai 1987) : 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0258.
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Part of the drinking water demands of the city of Amsterdam and the surrounding district are met by abstraction from nearby Lake Loenderveen that is fed by two different kinds of surface water. The lake itself is subject to rainfall, evaporation and seepage. It acts partly as a stockpiling reservoir (about 2 weeks) and partly as a self-purifying medium (retention time about 100 days). The design and management of the lake are such that a high degree of mixing of the inflowing water is obtained and an almost constant water quality, which greatly facilitates subsequent treatment to obtain high quality drinking water. To combat eutrophication the nutrient-containing water that enters the lake is dephosphated. After a number of years working with an experimental and simplified method in the lake itself, a highly efficient new coagulation and settling plant was constructed. This has been in operation since 1984. The improvements in the quality of the lake water are discussed in this paper. In addition to a considerable reduction in the phosphate content (and that of other nutrients), improvements were registered in a number of other water quality parameters (DOC, heavy metals, colour c.a.). A similar coagulation and settling system is also used to treat one kind of surface water that is fed into the adjacent Loosdrecht Lakes during dry summer spells. These lakes are of great environmental importance; they are also unique features of the landscape. Pretreatment of the water that flows into the lakes has a substantial effect on the water quality. A monitoring system has been set up to check the resulting improvement.
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Crosbie, Barb, et Patricia Chow-Fraser. « Percentage land use in the watershed determines the water and sediment quality of 22 marshes in the Great Lakes basin ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no 10 (1 octobre 1999) : 1781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-109.
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Data from 22 Ontario marshes were used to test the hypothesis that distribution of forested, agricultural, and urban land in the watershed determines the water and sediment quality of Great Lakes wetlands. The first three components of the principal components analysis explained 82% of the overall variation. PC1 ordinated wetlands along a trophic gradient; species richness of submergent vegetation decreased with PC1 scores. PC2 reflected the content of inorganic solids and phosphorus in sediment and the ionic strength of the water. Both PC1 and PC2 scores were positively correlated with percent agricultural land, whereas PC1 scores were negatively correlated with forested land. Correlation between PC1 and agricultural land improved when best-management practices were considered. Accounting for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) disturbance did not confound the relationship between land use and water quality. PC3, driven by soluble reactive phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen concentration in the water, was not correlated with land use. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and Metolachlor were correlated with urban and agricultural land, respectively, and may be useful as land use surrogates. Watershed management favouring the retention of forested land, or creation of buffer strips to trap agricultural runoff in the drainage basin, should help maintain aquatic plant diversity in coastal wetlands.
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Mitsch, William J., et Naiming Wang. « Large-scale coastal wetland restoration on the Laurentian Great Lakes : Determining the potential for water quality improvement ». Ecological Engineering 15, no 3-4 (juillet 2000) : 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(00)00081-1.
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Christie, W. J., G. R. Spangler, K. H. Loftus, W. L. Hartman, P. J. Colby, M. A. Ross et D. R. Tashelm. « A Perspective on Great Lakes Fish Community Rehabilitation ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (19 décembre 1987) : s486—s499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-349.
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Review of the ASPY syntheses suggested that destabilization and subsequent fish community recovery in the Great Lakes are compatible with a model in which postglacial succession, and the structure and persistence of the fish communities, were governed by piscivores. Recent advances in the areas of particle size distribution, ontogenetic niche theory, and ecosystem stability contributed to a broader understanding of fishery management alternatives. Species succession in Great Lakes aquatic communities is characterized as a cyclic repetition of maturation followed by seasonal, annual, or periodic setbacks. These are termed "enjuvenation events" and are attributed to any cultural or climatic factors which induce flux in energy–matter delivery to the system. The extent of enjuvenation is dependent upon the magnitude of the perturbation and maturity of the community and is predictable to some degree by the age and biomass distributions of the species present. The time course of rehabilitation to any arbitrary prior condition of the community is closely related to the enjuvenation–maturation cycle and to the life span and reproductive characteristics of the species present. The principal homeostatic mechanism is perceived to lie with variations in the durations of life history stanzas as affected by fish growth rates. The "biomass storage" function of larger organisms in the system is thought to be a major determinant of the "biotic inertia" or sensitivity of the community to perturbations. We are convinced that trophic linkages from the piscivores downwards must be maintained as biological feedback pathways to ensure that moderately excessive fishery yields can be self-limiting. Without these linkages (vulnerable to intensive exploitation or other catastrophic reductions in predators), biomass capture of nutrient inputs by algae will vector to waste as planktivore density limits secondary production. The extent to which the fish community can be maintained or driven to a particular species composition is dependent upon the degree of external control of all sorts that can be applied to the system. The rehabilitation continuum ranges from a self-sustaining assemblage of native species requiring little external control to a completely artificially supported community of non-native species requiring extensive controls for both water quality and fish community maintenance.
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Baltodano, Analy, Afnan Agramont, Ils Reusen et Ann van Griensven. « Land Cover Change and Water Quality : How Remote Sensing Can Help Understand Driver–Impact Relations in the Lake Titicaca Basin ». Water 14, no 7 (23 mars 2022) : 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071021.
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The increase of human interventions and developments are modifying the land use/land cover (LULC) of the global landscape, thus severely affecting the water quality of rivers and lakes. Appropriate management and effective policy developments are required to deal with the problems of surface water contamination around the globe. However, spatiotemporal variations of water quality and its complex relation with land cover (LC) changes, challenge adequate water resources management. In this study, we explored the use of remote sensing to relate LC change in the Katari River Basin (KRB) located in the Bolivian Andes and water quality on the shores of Lake Titicaca, in order to support water management. An unsupervised classification of Landsat 7 satellite images and trajectory analysis was applied to understand the modifications of LC through time. In addition, water-quality indicators at the outlet of the basin were retrieved from remote-sensing images and its temporal behavior was analyzed. The results show that the expansion of urban areas is the predominant environmental driver in the KRB, which has great impact on the water quality of Lake Titicaca. We conclude that there is a strong link between the rapid growth of urban and industrial areas with the detriment of river and lake water quality. This case study shows how remote sensing can help understand driver–impact relations.
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Li, Yinjiu, Qiuhua Li, Shulin Jiao, Chen Liu, Liuying Yang, Guojia Huang, Si Zhou, Mengshu Han et Anton Brancelj. « Water Quality Characteristics and Source Analysis of Pollutants in the Maotiao River Basin (SW China) ». Water 14, no 3 (20 janvier 2022) : 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030301.
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Rivers are an important mediator between human activities and the natural environment. They provide multiple functions, including irrigation, transportation, food supply, recreation, and water supply. Therefore, evaluations of water quality and pollution sources are of great significance for ecological restoration and management of rivers. In this study, the improved “vušekriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno rješenje” (VIKOR in Serbian; in English: Multicriteria Optimization and Compromise Solution), and a geodetector were used to analyze the water quality characteristics and pollution sources of the Maotiao River Basin (Gizhou province, SW China). The results showed that the water quality of the Maotiao River Basin deteriorated significantly during the summer drought period, as was evident in the reservoirs and lakes. It improved in the wet season (i.e., during the summer period) due to runoff dilution. Water quality decreased along the river’s course, from upstream to downstream sections. The results of the geographic detector analysis showed that agricultural areas were the primary factor affecting the spatial distribution of water quality in the river basin. In July, August, and November 2020, the influence of agricultural land was 0.72, 0.60, or 0.80, respectively, and the interactions among urban, industrial, agricultural, and forested areas explained 99.2%, 83.2%, or 99.9% of the spatial differentiation of water quality, respectively. Due to the influence of spatial scale, settlements have a small influence on the spatial distribution of water quality. Their impact factors were 0.38, −0.24, and −0.05, respectively. Notably, the negative relationship of water quality and forested areas reflects that topography, types of landscapes, and soil thickness have considerable influences on the Maotiao River Basin’s water quality. Based on the findings, we infer that good farmland water conservancy projects and comprehensive management of different types of landscapes, such as forests, agriculture, and urban area and water bodies, are of great significance for improving water quality.
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Li, Junjie, Yaduo Hu et Chunlu Liu. « Exploring the Influence of an Urban Water System on Housing Prices : Case Study of Zhengzhou ». Buildings 10, no 3 (3 mars 2020) : 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030044.
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A good living environment is the foundation of sustainable housing. Exploring the external influence of environmental factors on housing prices is one of the key issues in the field of real estate research; however, the current study of the urban water landscape on the spillover effect of housing prices is not sufficient. Taking the Zhengzhou residential market as an example, this paper analyzes the effect of an urban water system on residential prices by constructing the traditional Hedonic price model, spatial lag model (SLM) and geographically weighted regression model (GWR) by selecting the main water system and 678 points of residential data in the main urban area. The results show that the accessibility of rivers and lakes and the width and water quality of rivers have a significant effect on residential prices, and the impact of lakes is greater than that of rivers. The spatial heterogeneity of the water system effect is further revealed by adopting spatial lag model and geographically weighted regression model, and the effect of the water system is gradually reduced from the eastern urban area to the western urban area. The results of this study are of great practical significance to the government’s municipal planning, water environment management and housing market management.
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McNair, Sheila A., et Patricia Chow-Fraser. « Change in biomass of benthic and planktonic algae along a disturbance gradient for 24 Great Lakes coastal wetlands ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no 6 (1 juin 2003) : 676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-054.
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We quantified the chlorophyll a content of planktonic algae and benthic algae in periphyton on acrylic rods and in epiphyton growing on macrophytes in 24 coastal wetlands in all five Laurentian Great Lakes. Sites were selected to represent a wide range of environmental conditions ranging from nutrient-poor, clear-water marshes with abundant macrophytes to nutrient-enriched, turbid systems devoid of aquatic vegetation. Water quality and species and percent cover of submergent macrophytes were measured in each wetland. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that total phosphorus, turbidity, and suspended solids, variables associated with human-induced degradation, were most strongly correlated with PC axis 1 (PC1), accounting for 69% of the total variation. The PC1 site score was significantly related to both periphyton and phytoplankton biomass, respectively accounting for 54 and 70% of the total variation in periphyton and phytoplankton data, whereas PC1 only accounted for 18% of the variation in epiphyton biomass. Periphytic and epiphytic biomass were negatively correlated with percent cover and species richness of submergent macrophytes, but phytoplankton biomass was not. We conclude that periphytic and planktonic chlorophyll a biomass are good indicators of human-induced water-quality degradation and recommend that both benthic and planktonic algal biomass should be routinely monitored as part of an effective wetland management program.
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Mezni, Haithem, Maha Driss, Wadii Boulila, Safa Ben Atitallah, Mokhtar Sellami et Nouf Alharbi. « SmartWater : A Service-Oriented and Sensor Cloud-Based Framework for Smart Monitoring of Water Environments ». Remote Sensing 14, no 4 (14 février 2022) : 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040922.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Due to the sharp increase in global industrial production, as well as the over-exploitation of land and sea resources, the quality of drinking water has deteriorated considerably. Furthermore, nowadays, many water supply systems serving growing human populations suffer from shortages since many rivers, lakes, and aquifers are drying up because of global climate change. To cope with these serious threats, smart water management systems are in great demand to ensure vigorous control of the quality and quantity of drinking water. Indeed, water monitoring is essential today since it allows to ensure the real-time control of water quality indicators and the appropriate management of resources in cities to provide an adequate water supply to citizens. In this context, a novel IoT-based framework is proposed to support smart water monitoring and management. The proposed framework, named SmartWater, combines cutting-edge technologies in the field of sensor clouds, deep learning, knowledge reasoning, and data processing and analytics. First, knowledge graphs are exploited to model the water network in a semantic and multi-relational manner. Then, incremental network embedding is performed to learn rich representations of water entities, in particular the affected water zones. Finally, a decision mechanism is defined to generate a water management plan depending on the water zones’ current states. A real-world dataset has been used in this study to experimentally validate the major features of the proposed smart water monitoring framework.
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Bhagde, Rupendra Vinayak, Dnyaneshwar Ramrao Deshmukh, Shreyas Sambhajirao Pansambal et Manish Ramesh Bhoye. « Study of Physiochemical Parameters of Small Lakes in Sangamner, Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra State, India ». Current World Environment 15, no 3 (30 décembre 2020) : 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.22.
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Water resources have great importance for the existence of life. Freshwater resources in the plateau area in Sangamner Taluka of Ahmednagar district are limited. Therefore, there is a need of sustainable use of water resources especially lakes. The physicochemical analysis is necessary to know the water quality. This study aimed at the monitoring of water quality for its sustainable use by assessing the physicochemical parameters of small lakes in the plateau region of Sangamner Taluka. In the present study, the water samples were collected from the spots selected for the study in different seasons. The physicochemical parameters viz. temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved Carbon dioxide, alkalinity, hardness and T.D.S. were recorded by using standard methods. The dissolved oxygen was found in the range of 5.1 mg/L to 7.9 mg/L. The dissolved Carbon dioxide was in the range of 32 mg/L to 48 mg/L. The alkalinity was in the range of 120 mg/L to 330 mg/L. The temperature was in the range of 21oC to 32oC. The hardness was in the range of 58 mg/L to 140 mg/L. Seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters were observed at different spots. Observations in the present study have emphasized the need to raise awareness among the people for water conservation and management.
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Swarbrick, Vanessa J., Nathanael T. Bergbusch et Peter R. Leavitt. « Spatial and temporal patterns of urea content in a eutrophic stream continuum on the Northern Great Plains ». Biogeochemistry 157, no 2 (21 octobre 2021) : 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00868-7.
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AbstractUrea can degrade water quality and stimulate toxic phytoplankton in P-rich lakes, yet little is known of its sources, abundance, or transportation in lotic systems, particularly within the Northern Great Plains. We measured physico-chemical parameters biweekly during May–September 2010–2012 at 16 stations along a 250 km lotic continuum to quantify spatial and temporal variation in urea concentrations and discharge, and to identify potential regulatory processes. Urea concentrations were similar to those in regional prairie lakes (range 5.2–792.1, median 78.6 μg N L−1) with variable seasonal mean (± SD) concentrations (96.6 ± 96.1 μg N L−1) and fluxes (4.22 × 105 ± 257.6 μg N s−1). Landscape analysis with generalized additive models explained 68.3% of deviance in urea concentrations, with high temporal variability predicted mainly by positive relationships with nutrient content and chlorophyte abundance, but not temperature, dissolved organic matter, bacterial abundance, or urban effluent. Seasonal analysis revealed that during spring, urea content was correlated negatively with leguminous forage cover (% area) and positively with stream discharge, oilseed and cereal crops, and shrubs or deciduous plants, while during summer, urea concentrations were correlated negatively with discharge and leguminous crop cover, as well as nutrient levels. Mean porewater urea concentrations (528.5 ± 229.8 μg N L−1) were over five-fold greater than stream concentrations, suggesting that hyporheic production may offset declining influx from terrestrial sources during summer. We conclude that urea may be ubiquitous in eutrophic prairie streams and that management of its export from land may reduce detrimental effects on downstream lakes.
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Reif, Molly K., Brandon S. Krumwiede, Steven E. Brown, Ethan J. Theuerkauf et Joseph H. Harwood. « Nearshore Benthic Mapping in the Great Lakes : A Multi-Agency Data Integration Approach in Southwest Lake Michigan ». Remote Sensing 13, no 15 (1 août 2021) : 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153026.
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The Laurentian Great Lakes comprise the largest assemblage of inland waterbodies in North America, with vast geographic, environmentally complex nearshore benthic substrate and associated habitat. The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, originally signed in 1972, aims to help restore and protect the basin, and ecosystem monitoring is a primary objective to support adaptive management, environmental policy, and decision making. Yet, monitoring ecosystem trends remains challenging, potentially hindering progress in lake management and restoration. Consistent, high-resolution maps of nearshore substrate and associated habitat are fundamental to support management needs, and the nexus of high-quality remotely sensed data with improvements to analytical methods are increasing opportunities for large-scale nearshore benthic mapping at project-relevant spatial resolutions. This study attempts to advance the integration of high-fidelity data (airborne imagery and lidar, satellite imagery, in situ observations, etc.) and machine learning to identify and classify nearshore benthic substrate and associated habitat using a case study in southwest Lake Michigan along Illinois Beach State Park, Illinois, USA. Data inputs and analytical methods were evaluated to better understand their implications with respect to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) classification hierarchy, resulting in an approach that could be easily applied to other shallow coastal environments. Classification of substrate and biotic components were iteratively classified in two Tiers in which classes with increasing specificity were identified using different combinations of airborne and satellite data inputs. Classification accuracy assessments revealed that for the Tier 1 substrate component (3 classes), average overall accuracy was 90.10 ± 0.60% for 24 airborne data combinations and 89.77 ± 1.02% for 12 satellite data combinations, whereas the Tier 1 biotic component (2 classes) average overall accuracy was 93.58 ± 0.91% for 24 airborne data combinations and 92.67 ± 0.71% for 11 satellite data combinations. The Tier 2 result for the substrate component (2 classes) was 93.28% for 2 airborne data combinations and 95.25% for the biotic component (2 classes). The study builds on foundational efforts to move towards a more integrated data approach, whereby data strengths and limitations for mapping nearshore benthic substrate and associated habitat, expressed through classification accuracy, were evaluated within the context of the CMECS classification hierarchy, and has direct applicability to critical monitoring needs in the Great Lakes.
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Steinman, Alan D., Donald G. Uzarski, David P. Lusch, Carol Miller, Patrick Doran, Tom Zimnicki, Philip Chu et al. « Groundwater in Crisis ? Addressing Groundwater Challenges in Michigan (USA) as a Template for the Great Lakes ». Sustainability 14, no 5 (4 mars 2022) : 3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053008.
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Groundwater historically has been a critical but understudied, underfunded, and underappreciated natural resource, although recent challenges associated with both groundwater quantity and quality have raised its profile. This is particularly true in the Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL) region, where the rich abundance of surface water results in the perception of an unlimited water supply but limited attention on groundwater resources. As a consequence, groundwater management recommendations in the LGL have been severely constrained by our lack of information. To address this information gap, a virtual summit was held in June 2021 that included invited participants from local, state, and federal government entities, universities, non-governmental organizations, and private firms in the region. Both technical (e.g., hydrologists, geologists, ecologists) and policy experts were included, and participants were assigned to an agricultural, urban, or coastal wetland breakout group in advance, based on their expertise. The overall goals of this groundwater summit were fourfold: (1) inventory the key (grand) challenges facing groundwater in Michigan; (2) identify the knowledge gaps and scientific needs, as well as policy recommendations, associated with these challenges; (3) construct a set of conceptual models that elucidate these challenges; and (4) develop a list of (tractable) next steps that can be taken to address these challenges. Absent this type of information, the sustainability of this critical resource is imperiled.
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Alsip, Peter J., John H. Hartig, Gail Krantzberg, Kathleen C. Williams et Julia Wondolleck. « Evolving Institutional Arrangements for Use of an Ecosystem Approach in Restoring Great Lakes Areas of Concern ». Sustainability 13, no 3 (1 février 2021) : 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031532.
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The 1987 Canada-U.S. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement required Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) be collaboratively generated between local stakeholders and government agencies to implement an ecosystem approach in cleaning up 43 historically polluted Areas of Concern (AOCs) throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes. The institutional arrangements that have emerged over the past 35 years to foster an ecosystem approach in RAPs are expected to have changed over time and be varied in some aspects—reflecting unique socio-ecological contexts of each AOC—while also sharing some characteristics that were either derived from the minimally prescribed framework or developed convergently. Here we surveyed institutional arrangements to describe changes over time relevant to advancing an ecosystem approach in restoring beneficial uses in the 43 AOCs. While eight AOCs evidenced little institutional change, the remaining 35 AOCs demonstrated a growing involvement of local organizations in RAPs, which has enhanced local capacity and ownership and helped strengthen connections to broader watershed initiatives. We also noted an expansion of strategic partnerships that has strengthened science-policy-management linkages and an increasing emphasis on sustainability among RAP institutions. Our study details how institutional arrangements in a decentralized restoration program have evolved to implement an ecosystem approach and address new challenges.
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Thornburn, Geoffrey. « Commentary : Persistent Toxic Substances Across the Canada-United States Border : The International Joint Commission and the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ». Environmental Practice 2, no 1 (mars 2000) : 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046600001162.
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Vicory, A., J. Staniskis, J. Heath et T. Davenport. « Building capacity of the Baltic States to meet the EU Water Framework Directive through watershed demonstration projects ». Water Science and Technology 48, no 10 (1 novembre 2003) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0524.
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The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO), in cooperation with the United States EPA, is completing it role in assisting the Baltic Countries of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia with watershed management capacity building demonstration projects under the Great Lakes/Baltic Sea Partnership Program. The Countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania view the skills gained through this program as important to their objective of complying with the European Union’s Water Framework Directive and thus facilitating accession into the European Union. The program also addressed Kaliningrad’s desire to work cooperatively with their neighboring countries concerning shared waters. Three watershed demonstration projects were designed and implemented, two of which involved joint country efforts: Parnu River (Estonia) modeling for nutrients and bacteria survey; river basin assessment and management planning for the Lielupe Basin (Latvia and Lithuania); and data base development and cooperative water quality survey and analysis for the Sesupe River (Lithuania and Kaliningrad). The benefits of the projects include enhancing the country’s technical skills and the forging of relationships, without which achieving effective watershed management will be difficult to achieve.
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Zait, Roxana, Brindusa Sluser, Daniela Fighir, Oana Plavan et Carmen Teodosiu. « Priority Pollutants Monitoring and Water Quality Assessment in the Siret River Basin, Romania ». Water 14, no 1 (5 janvier 2022) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010129.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Integrated Water Resources Management regulations aim to ensure a good status of surface water quality and its sustainable use. Water quality monitoring of various water users supports the identification of pollution sources and their environmental impacts. The priority pollutants generated by wastewater discharges from municipal, industrial wastewater treatment plants or agricultural areas are of great interest due to their eco-toxicological effects and bio-accumulative properties. The aim of this study was to monitor the priority organic and inorganic pollutants from the Siret River basin, in Romania, with the purpose of assessing the surface water quality status and evaluating it by the Water Quality Index (WAWQI) method. The monitoring of inorganic priority pollutants (e.g., As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and organic priority pollutants (e.g., Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, α, β, and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane, and Di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) was conducted within the Siret River basin, during the period 2015–2020. With this purpose, 21 sampling points (18 river sections and 3 lakes) were considered to assess the water quality. The results of this study proved that the water quality within the Siret River basin is generally classified in the 2nd or 3rd class. The spatial distribution of the water quality index values, using ARCGIS, also highlighted the fact that the water quality is mostly unsuitable for drinking water supplies, being influenced by the quality of its main tributaries, as well as by the effluent of wastewater treatment plants.
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Silva, Talita F. G., Brigitte Vinçon-Leite, Bruno J. Lemaire, Guido Petrucci, Alessandra Giani, Cléber C. Figueredo et Nilo de O. Nascimento. « Impact of Urban Stormwater Runoff on Cyanobacteria Dynamics in A Tropical Urban Lake ». Water 11, no 5 (5 mai 2019) : 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050946.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Worldwide, eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms in lakes and reservoirs are a great concern for water resources management. Coupling a catchment hydrological model and a lake model has been a strategy to assess the impact of land use, agricultural practices and climate change on water quality. However, research has mainly focused on large lakes, while urban reservoirs and their catchments, especially in tropical regions, are still poorly studied despite the wide range of ecosystem services they provide. An integrated modelling approach coupling the hydrological model Storm Water Management Model SWMM and the lake ecological model DYRESM-CAEDYM is proposed for Lake Pampulha (Brazil). Scenarios of increased imperviousness of the catchment and of reduction in the load of nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS) in dry weather inflow were simulated. Runoff water quality simulations presented a fair performance for TSS and ammonium (NH4+) while the dynamics of total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate (NO3−) were poorly captured. Phytoplankton dynamics in the lake were simulated with good accuracy (Normalized Mean Absolute Error, NMAE = 0.24 and r = 0.89 in calibration period; NMAE = 0.55 and r = 0.54 in validation period). The general trends of growth, decline and the magnitude of phytoplankton biomass were well represented most of the time. Scenario simulations suggest that TP reduction will decrease cyanobacteria biomass and delay its peaks as a consequence of orthophosphate (PO43−) concentration reduction in the lake surface layers. However, even decreasing TP load into Lake Pampulha by half would not be sufficient to achieve the water quality objective of a maximum concentration of 60 µg chla L−1. Increased imperviousness in the catchment will raise runoff volume, TSS, TP and NO3− loads into Lake Pampulha and promote greater cyanobacteria biomass, mainly in the beginning of the wet season, because of additional nutrient input from catchment runoff. Recovering Lake Pampulha water quality will require the improvement of the sanitation system. The lake water quality improvement will also require more sustainable and nature-based solutions for urban drainage in order to reduce non-point pollution through infiltration and retention of stormwater and to enhance natural processes, such as chemical sorption, biodegradation and phytoremediation. The integrated modelling approach here proposed can be applied for other urban reservoirs taking advantage of existing knowledge on Lake Pampulha.