Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Wangan sensō »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Wangan sensō"

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SMITHERS, GREGORY, et SUSANNAH HOPSON. « Rainbow Serpents and Boiling Springs : Indigenous Sovereignty and the Fight for Groundwater in the United States and Australia ». Journal of American Studies 58, no 1 (février 2024) : 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875824000148.

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Around the world, Indigenous people are preparing for futures of climate uncertainty and resource shortages. Indigenous communities are looking to the past and seeking guidance from their traditions – diverse systems of knowledge that change over time – so that they and future generations might nurture connections to the “deep time” of geological and human histories. In this essay we examine how the Wangan and Jagalingou Family Council in Australia and the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians in the United States have taken long-term views on ecological sustainability and sovereignty. We focus on these two Indigenous communities on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean because they are among the highest-profile battles over ancient groundwater in the past decade. Set against a backdrop of global settler state interference and exploitative economic practices, both cases reveal how the concept of kinscapes – or a shared sense of relatedness to interconnected ecosystems, histories, and places (or nodes) of belonging – can sharpen our understanding of environmental stewardship and its importance to Indigenous sovereignty. Whereas mining corporations and settler governments continue to make decisions with short- to medium-term objectives in mind, Wangan and Jagalingou and Agua Caliente leaders have used legal battles over groundwater to underscore their spiritual and physical connectedness with local environments. Like Indigenous communities around the world, the Wangan and Jagalingou Family Council and the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians are making ontological choices by asserting their sovereignty through environmental stewardship.
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Sun (孫慶偉), Qingwei, et Ady Van den Stock. « Toward an Archeological Reconstruction of the Xia Dynasty as History : Delineations and Methods ». Journal of Chinese Humanities 5, no 1 (28 novembre 2019) : 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340070.

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Abstract In a broad sense, the term “Xia culture” means the culture of the Xia dynasty [ca. 2100-1600 BCE] period. In a narrower sense, however, it refers to the culture of the Xiahou 夏后 clan of the mythical founder Yu 禹. In much of the contemporary research, the question of the primary ethnic affiliation of Xia culture is often overlooked and obscured, thus blurring the distinction between Xia culture in the broad and narrow senses. This has resulted in considerable conceptual and epistemological imprecision. Research on Xia culture can be conducted in two main ways: on the one hand, what has been called “metropolitan conjecture” and, on the other, cultural comparison. Departing from the method of cultural comparison and bringing together temporal, spatial, and cultural elements in our analysis allows us to distinguish a primary central area within the “region of Yu” that coincides with Xia culture in the narrow sense, as reflected in later phases of the Wangwan 王灣 and Meishan 煤山 regional subtypes of Longshan culture [Longshan wenhua 龍山文化], from the later phases of the various archaeological remains found within a secondary and tertiary central area, which can be included in the category of Xia culture in a broad sense. Erlitou 二里頭 culture should be regarded principally as part of Xia culture. As such, the Meishan and Wangwan subtypes of Henan Longshan culture, along with the first to the fourth phases of Erlitou culture, can be seen as making up a consistent Xia culture.
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Riviere, Peter, et Janet M. Chernela. « The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon : A Sense of Space. » Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1, no 1 (mars 1995) : 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034276.

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Pollock, Donald, et Janet M. Chernela. « The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon : A Sense of Space ». Ethnohistory 42, no 2 (1995) : 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/483111.

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Kracke, Waud. « : The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon : A Sense of Space . Janet M. Chernela. » American Anthropologist 98, no 2 (juin 1996) : 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1996.98.2.02a00620.

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Widayat, Rahmanu. « Redesigning the Borobudur chair to sustain local creative industries : introducing to wangun concept ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 9, no 2 (28 avril 2020) : 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30408.

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Redesigning the already existed thing is a common practice in the world of design. This study objectively conducted to produce a fresh new look and commercially bargaining product of furniture in addition to pursue current aesthetic needs. This study focuses on reconstructing the Borobudur chair, a typical form of chair inspired from the 8th century Borobudur temple reliefs, which theoretically does not follow modern art. This proposes a traditional conceptual approach called wangun (beauty) inspired by the wisdom of local Javanese culture, which is termed as Ngowahi Rupa (the change of form). Ngowahi Rupa does not change the 'inner structure' of an object, the changes occur only at the 'outer structure' level. There were two distinctive chairs being redesigned in this study, the first type of chair can accommodate one person only, and the other accommodates three people. Both types of chairs constitute of a complete structure of chair such as the legs, seat stands, and backrests, which in the sense of wangun conceptually termed telu-teluning atunggal. The Ngowahi Rupa furniture making process not only demands visual aspects, but also the concept of the creative industry. The concept was applied in redesigning the Borobudur chair that synergically in accordance with the rapidly developed creative industries in Indonesia. The results of redesigning the old-type of chair objectively contribute to the advance of current furniture industry and trend, both in Indonesia and abroad, in addition to maintaining the excellence of the creative industry with regard to the economic concern.
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JIA, JUNLI, et DARIUSZ SKARŻYŃSKI. « A new species of Xenylla Tullberg, 1869 (Collembola : Hypogastruridae) from China, with a key to Asian species of the genus ». Zootaxa 4608, no 3 (21 mai 2019) : 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.11.

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A new species of the genus Xenylla Tullberg, 1869 is described. The new species, Xenylla weinerae sp. nov., from China, resembles X. acauda Gisin, 1947, X. brevicauda Tullberg, 1869, X. caudata Jordana, 1993, X. lesnei Denis, 1935, X. nirae Gama & Oliveira, 1994, X. wandae Queiroz & Mendonça, 2016 and X. vanharteni Weiner et al., 2012 due to unique feature––six thickened cylindrical sensilla on antennal segment IV. X. weinerae sp. nov. having moderately modified chaetotaxy (b h1 h2 q t, head with dorsal setae l1 and l3 subequal, dorsal setae a3 on Abd. IV present) and well-developed furca (mucro separated from the dens, bearing 2 setae) is also similar to some populations of X. obscura Imms, 1912 sensu Thibaud et al. (2004). An identification key to Asian Xenylla species is provided.
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Muslim, Aji Heru, et Sri Harmianto. « A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON LEADERSHIP STYLE OF HEADMASTERS AT MI MUHAMMADIYAH WANGON, SD MUHAMMADIYAH CIPETE, AND MI MUHAMMADIYAH PASIRMUNCANG AS RECOMMENDATION OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AT SD/MI MUHAMMADIYAH BANYUMAS ». Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 12, no 1 (5 avril 2020) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/dinamika.v12i1.6595.

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This research aims to describe the headmaster’s leadership style at SD/MI (Primary School) Muhammadiyah in Banyumas Regency. This is a descriptive qualitative research. Subjects in this research are headmasters and teachers at SD/MI Muhammadiyah in Banyumas Regency, namely MI Muhammadiyah Wangon, SD Muhammadiyah Cipete, and MI Muhammadiyah Pasirmuncang. Data collection technique used in this research is interview. Data validity is checked using technique of source triangulation. The findings show that the leadership style implemented by headmasters at SD/MI Muhammadiyah in Banyumas Regency is a democratic leadership style. This is shown in the way the headmasters carry out their leadership function. For example, as a leader, the headmaster gives information, evaluation, motivation, and innovation for school development, runs situational and non-authoritarian leadership, behaves wisely, and gives directions, examples, as well as rewards. The headmaster always prioritizes a sense of unity and togetherness with the school community. The headmaster uses a strategy of getting close to the community. In dealing with problems, the headmaster solves them calmly and gracefully and discusses them in deliberations in accordance with the development of the problem, and after the decision the problem can be resolved properly. Moreover, the school principal is open to accepting opinions, criticisms and suggestions from staffs.
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Nugent, Stephen. « Janet M. Chernela, The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon : A Sense of Space (Austin, Texas : University of Texas Press, 1993), pp. xx + 185, $32.50. » Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no 3 (octobre 1994) : 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00008713.

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Lee, kye-hyung, min-shik Shin et Sang-gyu Jung. « The Life and Independence Movement of Shin Kwang-ryeol through the Wolnam Yuseo(『越南遺書』) ». Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University 82 (31 décembre 2022) : 451–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15186/ikc.2022.12.31.17.

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The Wolnam Yuseo(『越南遺書』) is a suicide note written by Shin Kwang-ryul after he defected to South Korea shortly after liberation. It contains not only his life but also the contents related to the Korean independence movement, so it is worth using it as a historical material for the independence movement. In particular, this is significant in that Shin Kwang-ryeol himself and his uncle Shin hong-gyun played a decisive role in being selected as a person of merit for independence by the Korean government. Therefore, based on this, this paper attempted to shed light on the activities of the independence movement along with Shin Kwang-ryeol's life. He was born in 1903 in Bukcheong, Hamgyongnam-do, and moved to Wanga-dong, 17th district of Jangbaekhyeon, Guilin Province, China in 1911, shortly after the national death. Later, as he grew up, he developed a sense of nationalism from his uncle, Shin Hong-gyun, and after entering Dongheung Middle School in Bukgando, he accepted socialist ideas and actively responded to colonial reality. After graduation, he worked as a teacher at Jeil Jeongmong School, came to Korea in his mid-20s, and briefly worked as secretary of Hyesanjin, Gapsan-gun, Hambuk-do. After that, he tried to succeed the traditional Korean medicine industry, which was his family business, but was rejected by the Japanese colonial g overnment and crossed over to Bukgando again. At this time, he entered the antiJapanese movement while interacting with the communists who were active there. At that time, the Gwangju Student Movement spread to Bukg ando, and with this opportunity, the communist g roup tried to convert it into a national independence protest movement, but was arrested by the Japanese police. Since then, he has been imprisoned for three months at Seodaemun Prison.
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Livres sur le sujet "Wangan sensō"

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Orita, Masaki. Wangan sensō, Futenma mondai, Iraku sensō. Tōkyō : Iwanami Shoten, 2013.

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Shuppankyoku, Nihon Kyōsantō, dir. Wangan sensō : Nihon Kyōsantō no tachiba. 8e éd. Tōkyō : Nihon Kyōsantō Chūō Iinkai Shuppankyoku, 1991.

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Kazumi, Kenmochi, Miyajima Nobuo et Yamakawa Akio, dir. Wangan sensō to kaigai hahei : Bunseki to shiryō. 8e éd. Tōkyō : Ryokufū Shuppan, 1991.

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Itagaki, Yūzō. Chūtō anarishisu : Wangan sensō go no Chūtō shokoku jijō. 8e éd. Tōkyō : Daisan Shokan, 1991.

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Terakura, Kenʼichi. Wangan sensō o meguru kokusai kōkensaku to kenpō mondai. Tōkyō : Chōsa oyobi Rippō Kōsakyoku, 1991.

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Chūtō Wangan sensō to Nihon : Chūtō kenkyūsha no teigen. Tōkyō : Daisan Shokan, 1991.

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Itagaki, Yūzō. Chūtō Wangan sensō to Nihon : Chūtō kenkyūsha no teigen. 8e éd. Tōkyō : Daisan Shokan, 1991.

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Ishizawa, Yasuharu. Sensō to masu media : Wangan Sensō ni okeru Bei jānarizumu no "haiboku" o megutte. Kyōto-shi : Mineruva Shobō, 2005.

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Chiyo, Yuri. Kuronikuru : Nihon no Wangan Sensō shien 90-oku-doru o megutte. Tōkyō : Chōsa oyobi Rippō Kōsakyoku, 1991.

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Chernela, Janet Marion. The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon : A sense of space. Austin : University of Texas Press, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Wangan sensō"

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Gerard, Philip. « Afterword ». Dans The Last Battleground, 323–27. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649566.003.0045.

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A reflection on the personal experience of writing the war-of a sense of grief and emotional ambush from encountering so many personal stories of anguish, suffering, death, and loss. Also admiration for wanton courage, often spent in an abominable cause. And a sense of great unfinished business, after a war that should have settled certain matters for good.
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Lessard, Bruno. « Conclusion ». Dans The Cinema of Wang Bing, 161–64. Hong Kong University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888805778.003.0010.

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The conclusion summarizes the main contributions of the monograph. The fundamental implication of this study of Wang Bing’s oeuvre helps to bridge the gap between social and economic history and film analysis in the form of a more focused examination of a single filmmaker. Indeed, the book offers a more sustained look at social and oral histories of Maoist China to better contextualize the films themselves. Similarly, the transformation of labor practices within twenty-first-century China necessitates a closer analysis of the end of state-owned enterprises, the coal industry’s transportation issues, and migrant labor within the textile industry to make better sense of Wang Bing’s cinema. The conclusion reiterates the benefits of both contextualizing a filmmaking practice such as Wang Bing’s and developing a sociopoetics of Chinese documentary film.
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Gill, Harmandeep Kaur. « Imagining Self and Other ». Dans Imagistic Care, 163–86. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823299645.003.0007.

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This chapter explores the search for care in the everyday life of an elderly Tibetan woman, Mola Tsering Wangmo, who was physically disabled and was aging in the absence of family. Her everyday life was pervaded by uncertainty in relation to both her own body and the non-kin networks she relied on in the absence of family. By exploring the non-kin networks of support she relied on a daily basis, this chapter attempts to make sense of Mola Tsering Wangmo's notions of good and bad care. It is argued that her expectations of care have to be understood in relation to her physical condition, cultural expectations and the singularities of her life. Moreover, these expectations were hinged onto certain imaginations of herself, others, and a possible old age. Thus, this chapter explores the imagistic as certain imaginations of oneself and others. It is argued that the diverse imaginations of herself and a possible old age were for Mola Tsering Wangmo a means for transcending the closure imposed by a disabled body and were essential to endure things falling apart.
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Rose, Jonathan. « Up from Middlebrow ». Dans Readers' Liberation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723554.003.0006.

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The Chinese had a word for it—wanbao quanshu. It’s a bibliographic term, which literally means “complete compendia of myriad treasures,” but an alternate translation might be “middlebrow.” These were encyclopedic works that distilled and summarized sophisticated science, history, and politics in cheap, accessible, illustrated guidebooks. Their audience (as a 1933 survey of Shanghai bookstalls confirmed) was neither the educated elite nor the impoverished peasantry, but an intermediate semi-educated class of shop-clerks, apprentices, housewives, workers, and prostitutes. Very few readers had thoroughly mastered the Chinese vocabulary of 50,000 characters, but many more, without much difficulty, had learned 2,000 basic terms, enough to read popular newspapers and wanbao quanshu. The latter commonly ran the subtitle wanshi buqiuren (“myriad matters you won’t need to ask”), which underscored their mission: self-education. They had titles like Riyong wanshi baoku choushi bixu, which could be rendered “Treasury of all daily things necessary for social relations” or (more idiomatically) “How to win friends and influence people.” Wanbao quanshu were the contemporaneous counterparts of H. G. Wells’s The Outline of History and Will Durant’s The Story of Philosophy. They flourished in Republican-era China, the same time frame that Joan Shelley Rubin identified as the heyday of American middlebrow culture. In societies where a wide gap opens up between elite and pulp literature, where literacy is growing but access to higher education is still restricted, where modernizing forces arouse both optimism and anxiety, middlebrow bridges those divides and makes sense of rapid change. Those conditions certainly prevailed in China, the United States, and Great Britain in the first half of the twentieth century, but not only then. Middlebrow has a very long history: wanbao quanshu can be traced back to the seventeenth century. And how about eighteenth-century Europe? Two generations ago historians studied the High Enlightenment of Voltaire and Rousseau, one generation ago Robert Darnton discovered a Low Enlightenment of Grub-Street hacks and smut-mongers, and now a team of young scholars at Radboud University in the Netherlands are creating the database MEDIATE: Middlebrow Enlightenment: Disseminating Ideas, Authors and Texts in Europe (1665–1820).
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Goldin, Paul R. « Laozi ». Dans The Art of Chinese Philosophy, 109–28. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691200798.003.0006.

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This chapter lay out a centrist interpretation of the Laozi on the basis of the Wang Bi recension, and then asks how much of this account needs to be adjusted in view of evidence from the Guodian manuscripts. Laozi is one of the few classical Chinese texts for which a theory of accretion might fit the facts. Currently, there is only one set of undisputedly pre-imperial Laozi texts: the so-called Laozi A, B, and C manuscripts from Guodian, each of which contains a small number of passages that are found, with some variation, in the Wang Bi recension. Laozi is also discussed in this chapter because its philosophy marks a major turning point: the conceptualization of “the Way” (dao) as a cosmic principle. Although it is not certain that Laozi was the very first text to use the word dao in its radically new sense, the text is representative of intellectual trends that emerged around the fourth century BC.
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Hetmański, Marek. « Metafory i ich ucieleśnienie. Wprowadzenie do problematyki ». Dans Metafory ucieleśnione, 7–24. Wydawnictwo Academicon, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52097/acapress.9788362475810.7-24.

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W tekście omówione są różne znaczenia przydawane kate-goriom ciała i cielesności w zależności od sposobów albo potocznego, albo naukowego definiowania i mówienia o nich, a także od kontekstu, w jakim kategorie te funk-cjonują. Analizowane są filozoficzne koncepcje cielesności rozwinięte przez Husserla i Merleau-Ponty’ego, których założenia są kontynuowane współcześnie w kognitywi-stycznych i lingwistycznych badaniach ucieleśnionego poznania i umysłu, w koncepcjach Zahaviego, Lakoffa i Johnsona. Rozpatruje się również językowe uwarunko-wania doświadczania cielesności przez człowieka, w tym zwłaszcza metaforyczne zwroty, w których ujmuje się takie doświadczenie. Metaforom mówiącym o ciałach fizycznych, o ciele ludzkim, cielesnym doświadczaniu otoczenia oraz o ucieleśnianiu w znaczeniu realizowa-nia się idei poświęcona jest główna część tekstu. Na tej podstawie ukazany zostaje szeroki sens tytułowe-go określenia „metafor ucieleśnionych” właściwego nie tylko dla zwrotów metaforycznych języka potocznego i naukowego, ale odnoszącego się także do zachowań, gestów i znakowo-symbolicznych przedstawień różnych rodzajów ludzkiego doświadczenia.
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Zou, Hongyan. « Female Space and Bodies ». Dans Western China on Screen, 155–78. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474477857.003.0007.

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This chapter presents cinematic Xi’an as a capsule of rural inertia and socialist China by investigating the female appropriation of spaces in both rural and urban areas represented in Wang Quan’an’s 2003 The Story of Ermei [Jingzhe] and 2009 Weaving Girl [Fangzhi guniang]. The Story of Ermei shows the protagonist’s rural-urban experiences and the limited physical spaces she can access, and displays a complicated space-power relation which is not only limited to gender but also to social class and rural-urban disparities. Weaving Girl explores female bodies and human sufferings that resonate with grim anonymous industrial areas plagued with rundown factories, alienated streets and neighbourhoods. The cinematic image of Xi’an in this film is deprived of the thick historical and cultural sense, but is associated with fateful diseases suffered by female characters, which can be regarded as resonating with the collapse of the socialist state-owned enterprise.
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Purdy, Michelle A. « Courageous Navigation ». Dans Transforming the Elite, 145–76. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643496.003.0005.

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This final chapter examines the early 1970s. During the summer of 1970, Pressly spoke out against segregationist academies. Concurrently, black Mississippians challenged the tax-exemption status of segregated white private schools. As a result, the IRS required private institutions with tax-exempt status to establish non-discriminatory admissions policies. Under the leadership of William Dandridge, NAIS gave more attention to the quality of the black student experience in independent schools. Yet these changes could not fully interrupt the institutional and interpersonal racism that black students experienced in independent schools. As shifting politics occurred in Atlanta, the black students at Westminster immersed themselves in academics and extracurricular activities, and the students became even more important to the institution. Michael McBay, who had been harassed, became the activist, in the more traditional sense, among the black students. As Michael, Malcolm Ryder, Jannard Wade, and Wanda Ward graduated, new black students like Corliss Blount and Donata Russell joined Westminster. Altogether, thirty-five black students matriculated at Westminster during the first years of desegregation, and over half graduated in time as they individually succeeded, broke barriers, and courageously navigated an institution not originally created with them in mind.
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Chengjun, Wang. « Scientific or Anti-scientific : A Critical Analysis of "Science" Discourses in Falun Gong ». Dans Enlightened Martyrdom : The Hidden Side of Falun Gong, 134–59. Equinox Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.34322.

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As many researchers have argued, the use of science to justify beliefs has long been a popular “legitimation strategy” in new religions. In contrast with other new religions that have adopted science as a source of legitimation, however, Falun Gong’s use of “science” discourse is confusing and inconsistent. While it is sometimes claimed by Falun Gong that its doctrines, creeds, and beliefs can be well explained by modern science, at other times its teachings are positioned as transcending the realm of natural science. Li Hongzhi has even gone as far as to suggest that science is responsible for many different types of modern social “disease” (including social and environmental problems). In “Scientific or Anti-scientific: A Critical Analysis of ‘Science’ Discourses in Falun Gong,” Wang Chengjun offers critical reflections on the science-related discourses present in Falun Gong. First, he analyzes such science-related discourses, arguing that they fall into three different categories. Second, he traces these discourses back to their origins in order to suggest that, even if science-based legitimation of the faith is effective in persuading its practitioners, it is by no means successful in a wider sense. Finally, he concludes with some more specific remarks on the ways in which “science” discourses have been used by Falun Gong.
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Liao, Ping-hui. « Eileen Chang at the Intersection of the Sinophone and the Anglophone ». Dans Sinoglossia, 147–56. Hong Kong University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888805716.003.0009.

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Eileen Chang is an intriguing case of Sinophone articulation on the borderline where the Sinophone and Anglophone literary traditions intersect. During her stay in the United States, Eileen Chang was attracted to the new environments, especially Hollywood’s screwball comedy. She developed a “late style” to start her diaspora project to re-link with Hong Kong and Shanghai by rewriting or re-translating some of her early novels. How do we come to terms with all these conflicting interpretations, particularly now with more and more posthumous materials by Chang coming to light and calling for renewed critical inquiries regarding her late years in the United States? The correspondences between Chang and Stephen Soong (Song Qi), memoirs from William Tay (Zheng Shusen), commentaries by Chen Zishan, on top of Yingjin Zhang’s illuminating work (2011) on Chang’s use of Hollywood screwball comedies, not to mention some of Chang’s late novels and journals, help shed a different light on Chang’s post-Cold War years in the United States. In this regard, Chang’s late work is not just about “reminiscence” or about Shanghai or even China, as David Wang and Leo Lee correctly noted; rather, it is also her multilingual and polyphonic project aiming to piece together the broken glass in a new home where a Sinophone writer attempts to reach out to the Anglophone world in spite of a profound sense of being deserted and estranged.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Wangan sensō"

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Jin, Xin. « Making with the Past : Bricolages in Wang Shu’s Design Writings and Built Projects ». Dans The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online : SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4002phgul.

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This study explores how design research writing can engage with historical reference in a radical way. In the 2002 essay “Shijian Tingzhi de Chengshi” (“City Froze in Time”), based on Chapter 2 of his 2000 PhD thesis, Xugou Chengshi (Fictionalising City), the Chinese architect Wang Shu proposes reinterpreting the traditional Chinese architecture and city through the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss’s notion of “bricolage”, which is defined as making do with available objects. Bricolage is informative for understanding Wang’s design undertakings, which involve skilful adaptations of vernacular building types and construction techniques in new urban projects. Nevertheless, its fundamental role in shaping Wang’s design writings is yet to be fully understood. In his design writings, Wang employs a specific quotation method whereby words and paragraphs from other writers’ preexisting works are reused and woven into new textual compositions. Through formal analysis of “City Froze in Time” and comparisons of compositional patterns between the essay and Wang’s built projects, mainly the Xiangshan Campus of the China Academy of Art, Phase II, Hangzhou (2007) and the Ningbo History Museum, Ningbo (2008), this piece explores three issues. First, it demonstrates how textual fragments found in the past and uttered by others undergo bricolage in Wang’s essay. Second, it foregrounds the intention behind Wang’s chosen writing strategy and investigates broader critical issues, such as authorship and the past–present nonlinear order associated with Wang’s strategy. Third, it expresses how historical materials – understanding “materials” in an inclusive sense – are treated in comparable ways in Wang’s written and built works. By examining Wang’s case, this paper highlights a radical case of contemporary architectural research writing in which an attempt is made to demolish the boundary between theory and design by extending the make-do logic of design into the field of design reflection.
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Chen, C. H., K. W. Wang et Y. C. Shin. « An Integrated Approach Toward the Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Spindles : Part I — System Model ». Dans ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0210.

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Abstract Experimental evidence [Shin, 1992] has shown that the natural frequencies of high speed spindles with angular contact ball bearings decrease with increasing rotational speed. A recent study [Wang, et al., 1991] illustrated that this phenomenon is caused by stiffness change of the bearings. A simplified approximation was used in the analysis to examine the bearing radial stiffness at high speeds. While the investigation explained the experimental observations in a qualitative sense, the analytical results so far are not sufficient to quantitatively describe the spindle behavior under high speed operations due to the approximations made in the modeling process. This paper presents an integrated approach toward the modelling of flexible spindles with angular contact ball bearings from basic principles. The local dynamics of the bearings are coupled with the global shaft motion. The model derived includes both the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the shaft interacting with the nonlinear bearings. The influences of shaft speed on the bearing stiffness matrix and the system frequencies have been studied. It is shown that the spindle dynamic behavior can vary substantially as speed increases due to the bearing gyroscopic moment and centrifugal force. These effects have been ignored in most of the previous spindle models. Lab tests were conducted to validate the model. The analytical predictions are quantitatively verified by the experimental results.
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3

Muñoz, David. « New strategies in proprioception’s analysis for newer theories about sensorimotor control ». Dans Systems & Design 2017. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/sd2017.2017.6903.

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Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. Roren, A., Mayoux-Benhamou, M.A., Fayad, F., Poiraudeau, S., Lantz, D., Revel, M. (2008). Comparison of visual and ultrasound based techniques to measure head repositioning in healthy and neck-pain subjects. Manual Ther. 10.1016/j.math.2008.03.002. Hillier, S., Immink, M., Thewlis, D. (2015). Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehab. Neural Repair. 29(10) 933–949. Hooper, T.L., James, C.R., Brismée, J.M., Rogers, T.J., Gilbert, K.K., Browne, K.L, Sizer, P.S. (2016). Dynamic Balance as Measured by the Y-Balance Test Is Reduced in Individuals with low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Phys. Ther. Sport,10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.04.006. Zemková, G., Stefániková, G., Muyor, J.M. (2016). Load release balance test under unstable conditions effectivelydiscriminates between physically active and sedentary young adults. Glave, A.P., Didier, J.J., Weatherwax, J., Browning, S.J., Fiaud, Vanessa. (2014). Testing Postural Stability: Are the Star Excursion Balance Test and Biodex Balance System Limits of Stability Tests Consistent? Gait Posture. 43(2016) 225-227. Han, Jian., Waddington, G., Adams, R., Anson, J., Liu, Y. (2014). Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. J. Sport Health Sci.10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004. Hosp, S., Bottoni, G., Heinrich, D., Kofler, P., Hasler, M., Nachbauer, W. (2014). A pilot study of the effect of Kinesiology tape on knee proprioception after physical activity in healthy women. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 18 (2015) 709-713. Mima, T., Terada, K., Ikeda, A., Fukuyama, H., Takigawa, T., Kimura, J., Shibasaki, H. (1996). Afferent mechanism of cortical myoclonus studied by proprioception-related SEPs. Clin. Neurophysiol. 104 (1997) 51-59. Myers, J.B., Lephart, S.M. (2000). The Role of the Sensorimotor System in the Athletic Shoulder. J. Athl.Training.35 (3) 351-363. Rossi, S., della Volpe, R., Ginannesch, F., Ulivelli, M., Bartalini, S., Spidalieri, R., Rossi, A. (2003). Early somatosensory processing during tonic muscle pain in humans: relation to loss of proprioception and motor 'defensive' strategies. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00073-7. Chaudhary, U., Birbaumer, N., Curado, M.R. (2014). Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) in paralysis. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med.10.1016/j.rehab.2014.11.002. Delorme, A., Makeig, S. (2003). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Arnfred, S.M. (2006). ERPWAVELAB: A toolbox for multi-channel analysis of time-frequency transformed event related potentials. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.11.008. Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K., Szelenberger, W. (1996). Topographic analysis of coherence and propagation of EEG activity during sleep and wakefulness. Clin. Neurophysiol. 102 (1997) 216-227. Korzeniewska, A., Manczak, M., Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K.J., Kasicki, S. (2003). Determination of information flow direction among brain structures by a modified directed transfer function (dDTF) method. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/S0165-0270(03)00052-9. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Parnas, J., Arnfred, S.M. (2005). Parallel Factor Analysis as an exploratory tool for wavelet transformed event-related EEG. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.005. Barwick, F., Arnett, P., Slobounov, S. (2011). EEG correlates of fatigue during administration of a neuropsychological test battery. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.06.027. Osuagwu, B.A., Vuckovic, A. (2014). Similarities between explicit and implicit motor imagery in mental rotation of hands: An EEG study. Neuropsycholgia. Buzsáki, G. (2006). Rhythms of the brain. Ed. Oxford. USA. Trappenberg, T.P. (2010). Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience. Ed. Oxford. UK. Koessler, L., Maillard, L., Benhadid, A., Vignal, J.P., Felblinger, J., Vespignani, H., Braun, M. (2009). Automated cortical projection of EEG: Anatomical correlation via the international 10-10 system. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.006. Jurcak, V., Tsuzuki, Daisuke., Dan, I. (2007). 10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems revisited: Their validity as relativehead-surface-based positioning systems. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024. Chuang, L.Y., Huang, C.J., Hung, T.M. (2013). The differences in frontal midline theta power between successful and unsuccessful basketball free throws of elite basketball players. Int. J. Psychophysiology.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.10.002. Wang, C.H., Tsai, C.L., Tu, K.C., Muggleton, N.G., Juan, C.H., Liang, W.K. (2014). Modulation of brain oscillations during fundamental visuo-spatialprocessing: A comparison between female collegiate badmintonplayers and sedentary controls. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.003. Proverbio, A.L., Crotti, N., Manfredi, Mirella., Adomi, R., Zani, A. (2012). Who needs a referee? How incorrect basketball actions are automatically detected by basketball players’ brain. Sci Rep-UK. 10.1038/srep00883. Cheng, M.Y., Hung, C.L., Huang, C.J., Chang, Y.K., Lo, L.C., Shen, C., Hung, T.M. (2015). Expert-novice differences in SMR activity during dart throwing. Biol. Psychol.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.08.003. Ring, C., Cooke, A., Kavussanu, M., McIntyre, D., Masters, R. (2014). Investigating the efficacy of neurofeedback training for expeditingexpertise and excellence in sport. Psychol. SportExerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.005. Park, J.L., Fairweather, M.M., Donaldson, D.I. (2015). Making the case for mobile cognition: EEG and sports performance. Neurosci. Biobehav. R. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.014. Babiloni, C., Marzano, N., Infarinato, F., Iacoboni, M., Rizza, G. (2009). Neural efficency of experts’ brain during judgement of actions: A high -resolution EEG study in elite and amateur karate athletes. Behav. Brain. Res. 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.034. Jain, S., Gourab, K., Schindler-Ivens, S., Schmit, B.D. (2012). EEG during peddling: Evidence for cortical control of locomotor tasks. Clin. Neurophysiol.10.1016/j.clinph.2012.08.021. Behmer Jr., L.P., Fournier, L.R. (2013). Working memory modulates neural efficiency over motor components during a novel action planning task: An EEG study. Behav. Brain. Res. 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.031.
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Simplicio, Pedro, Paul Acquatella et Samir Bennani. « Launcher Attitude Control based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion : a Feasibility Study towards Fast and Robust Design Approaches ». Dans ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-030.

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The so-called “New Space era” has been marked by a disruptive change in the business models, manufacturing technologies and agile practices of launch vehicle companies, aimed at minimising their production and operating costs in an ever more competitive market. Yet, only limited consideration has been given to the benefits that innovation in the field of control theory can bring, not only in terms of increasing the limits of performance, but also reducing mission preparation (“missionisation”) efforts. Also on government-led developments, recent launchers such as Ares I and VEGA [R1] still use the same design approach of the Saturn V rocket, i.e. linear controllers. This approach relies on single channel-at-a-time tuning and ad hoc gain-scheduling followed by extensive V&V, which are very time and cost consuming processes. In contrast to the approach presented above, the past few years have seen a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for launcher GNC, but the industrial use of such data-driven/model-free methods remains limited by well-known issues related to training and certification of the algorithms on the full flight envelope of intended operation. In that sense, there is a clear gap between these strategies and the current state-of-practice, in which other techniques could bring relevant improvements; this is the case for nonlinear control algorithms, especially those based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI). On one hand, agile practices of New Space companies provide the ideal opportunity to explore the benefits of this type of design approach. On the other hand, a successful adoption of nonlinear launcher control will likely facilitate the augmentation with and transition to data-driven methods in the future. The NDI technique consists in cancelling the nonlinearities of a nonlinear system by means of state feedback so that the system is transformed into a linear form (for this reason, NDI is often known as “feedback linearisation”). For the resulting linear system, a single linear control law can be applied without the need for gain-scheduling to tailor the controller to different conditions. Being a multivariable technique, NDI allows to decouple and handle all the control channels in a systematic manner. The main drawback of this technique is that the linearisation fully relies on the accurate knowledge of the system, thus model mismatches may lead to substantial performance and stability losses. To tackle this drawback, an approach called Incremental NDI (INDI) was proposed in the early 2000s. By generating incremental commands (instead of total inputs) and employing acceleration feedback, the model dependency of the INDI technique is greatly reduced (for this reason, INDI is also known as a “sensor-based” approach). Being less model-dependent, INDI-based controllers become easier to design and significantly more robust. The resulting nonlinear control law still relies on an approximate model of the system’s control effectiveness, which in turn can be integrated with data-driven methods. Incremental NDI has been elaborated theoretically and applied successfully to high-performance systems including advanced aircraft flight control and a few studies for spacecraft attitude control. More recently, it has been applied to fault-tolerant control of aircraft subjected to sensor and actuator faults, as well as in real flight tests of small unmanned aircraft and of a business passenger jet [R2], demonstrating INDI’s performance and robustness against aerodynamic model uncertainties and disturbance rejection. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, its applicability to launch vehicles has never been adequately investigated. The potential benefits of INDI become even more relevant for the case of reusable launchers, which are characterised by much tighter dynamical couplings between (online-generated) trajectory and attitude during descent flight. It is therefore the objective of this study to present and raise awareness of the INDI technique among the launcher GNC community, to showcase its implementation on a representative application scenario, and to highlight its strengths and challenges in the face of the industrial state-of-practice. To achieve this, the paper provides a concise description of the NDI and INDI approach, followed by the detailed design and comparison of different control laws: linear, linear with angular acceleration feedback and INDI-based. The application scenario is that of a launcher model in ascent flight featuring attitude and drift degrees-of-freedom, actuator dynamics and moving-mass effects. All the controllers and filters are implemented at a sampling frequency that is compatible with current onboard capabilities (25 Hz). There are mainly two well-known challenges associated with the practical implementation of INDI-based control. The first one is that, by relying on angular acceleration and control input measurements/estimates, INDI controllers are generally more sensitive to sensor noise and actuator delay than classical controllers. The second challenge of INDI is that, due to its nonlinear nature, attaining an analytical proof of stability is not trivial [R3]. To assess the severity of the first challenge, the paper shows a comprehensive nonlinear simulation campaign with wind disturbances, uncertainties, as well as different levels of sensor noise and actuator delay. For the second challenge, the paper proposes a simple yet insightful linearisation-based approach to evaluate stability degradation related to an inexact feedback linearisation and to deviations from the control tuning conditions. From the results obtained in this feasibility study, the two limitations above seem to be outweighed by the potential benefits of INDI-based launcher control. Further analysis on this topic will address the impact of flexible modes and non-collocated sensing. [R1] A. Marcos, D. Navarro-Tapia, P. Simplício, S. Bennani, “Robust Control for Launchers: VEGA Study Case,” Journal of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, vol. 59, March 2020; [R2] F. Grondman, G. Looye, R. Kuchar, Q.P. Chu, E. van Kampen, “Design and Flight Testing of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-based Control Laws for a Passenger Aircraft,” AIAA SciTech Forum 2018; [R3] X. Wang, E. van Kampen, Q.P. Chu, P. Lu, “Stability Analysis for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control”, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol. 42, May 2019.
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