Articles de revues : « W.F. Norman Corporation »

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ONO, Hideo. « F. W. Maitland : A Theory of Corporation ». Legal History Review, n^o 40 (1990) : 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5955/jalha.1990.135.

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van Caenegem, R. C. « Maitland, F. W., State, Trust and Corporation ». Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte : Germanistische Abteilung 122, n^o 1 (1 août 2005) : 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.2005.122.1.403b.

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Sablowski, Thomas, et Joachim Rupp. « Die neue Ökonomie des Shareholder Value ». PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 31, n^o 122 (1 mars 2001) : 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v31i122.752.

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In this paper we argue that the growing importance of the stock mark et i s one central element of t he s o called New Economy. W e analyse the economic and political reasons, the mechanisms and consequences of the increasing capital market orientation of enterprises. In the first section we want to show the fundamental difference between the maximisation of the stock price and of the profitability of the corporation. T he r easons o f the increasing c apital m ark et o rientation a re d ealt w ith in the second section. In the third section we are discussing the shareholder value concept. The institutional changes we can find in the German Corporate Governance system which are connected with the shareholder value debate are described in the fourth section. The last section sums up the consequences and the specific contradictions of the increasing capital market orientation like the contradiction between long-term and short-term maximisation of returns, the impending hollowing-out of firm competencies, and the proliferation of cash burning business models.

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Harrison, Claire, Joanna Baxter, Rebecca H. Boucher, Thomas McKerrell, Aimee Jackson, Rachel S. Fletcher, Adam J. Mead et al. « Effects of Tamoxifen on the Mutant Allele Burden and Disease Course in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms - Results of the Tamarin Study ». Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5 novembre 2020) : 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134764.

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Background Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) commonly result from mutations in genes encoding the kinase JAK2 or the multi-functional protein CALR. In preclinical studies, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) modulation restores normal apoptosis in JAK2V617F hematopoietic progenitors (HSPCs). Use of selective ER modulators (SERM) such as tamoxifen may permit the molecular reduction of MPNs. Methods TAMARIN is a Trials Acceleration Programme, Phase II, multicentre, single arm A'herns design clinical trial assessing tamoxifen's safety and activity in reducing molecular markers of disease burden in MPN male patients aged ≥60 years and post-menopausal female patients with stable blood counts, no history of thrombosis and ≥20% mutated JAK2V617F, CALR 5bp insertion or CALR 52bp deletion. Based on tamoxifen's safety profile in ER+ breast cancer, an oral dose of 20 mg once daily was initially given and progressively escalated to 40 mg, in addition to standard cytoreductive therapy (excluding treatments known to lower allele burden eg interferon). Mutant allele burden was measured after 12 and 24 weeks (w) of treatment. The A'herns success criteria required the primary outcome (>50% reduction in allele burden at 24w) be observed in ≥3 patients (Barosi Leuk. 2015). Patient blood (baseline, 12 and 24w) samples were collected and CD34+ HSPCs were isolated in a subset for RNA-Seq, which was also performed on HEL and UKE-1 JAK2V617F-mutated human cell lines treated with tamoxifen/vehicle. Apoptosis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were measured in SERM-treated cell lines for confirmation. Results and Discussion 38 patients (37% essential thrombocythaemia (ET), 29% polycythaemia vera (PV), 16% primary myelofibrosis (PMF), 13% post-PV MF and 5% post-ET MF) were recruited over 112w. 33 patients completed ≥24w of tamoxifen treatment, 1 was untreated, 1 discontinued following an unprovoked thrombotic event and 3 discontinued due to toxicity. 4 patients achieved the primary outcome and 6 additional patients met the secondary outcome (≥25% reduction)(A-B). Responders included 4 JAK2V617F PV males, a JAK2V617F PMF female and ET patients of both genders carrying JAK2V617F, CALRdel52 or CALRins5 mutations. 4 patients remain on trial treatment beyond 48w as they are considered to be deriving clinical benefit. Two grade 3 adverse events unrelated to tamoxifen, as well as 1 superficial thrombophlebitis and 1 deep vein thrombosis (grade 2) occurred on study. HSPC transcriptome seggregates responders and non-responders perfectly at baseline (C), suggesting a potential predictive signature of response. Pathway analysis of differentially-expressed genes shows enrichment of myeloid differentiation and hormone-dependent transcriptional complex assembly in responders at baseline. In contrast, chromosome segregation, DNA replication, and chromosome condensation pathways are enriched in non-responders. Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) reveals increased apoptosis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signatures in responders at baseline (D). Upregulated genes in responders are associated with H3K4me1 modification whilst genes upregulated in non-responders are associated with H3K9me3, suggesting the possibility that chromatin modifications account for tamoxifen sensitivity. 24w after treatment, OXPHOS and ROS pathways are downregulated in responder HSPCs (E) but upregulated in non-responders (F), suggesting striking differences in the metabolism of HSPCs in both groups and/or the eradication of sensitive HSPCs in responders. Reduced OXPHOS pathways and deregulated expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) genes were confirmed in HEL and UKE-1 cells. In fact, tamoxifen induces dose-dependent apoptosis in HEL and UKE-1 cells, where serum deprivation or UPR inducers sensitize resistant cells to tamoxifen-induced apoptosis, which is associated with decreased OXPHOS and energy (ATP) production. Conclusions These results demonstrate the safety and activity of tamoxifen in reducing mutant allele burden in a subset of MPN patients who could be prospectively identified based on their transcriptomic signature at baseline. Tamoxifen can induce apoptosis of human JAK2V617F or CALR mutated HSPCs through metabolic and transcriptional effects. These results advocate for future studies to test the effects of SERMs in MPN with careful consideration of thrombotic risk. Disclosures Harrison: Roche: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Promedior: Honoraria; Shire: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; CTI Biopharma Corp: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sierra Oncology: Honoraria; Gilead Sciences: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Incyte Corporation: Speakers Bureau. Mead:CTI: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy. Knapper:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Ewing:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. McMullin:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Narayanan:Novartis: Other: Educational support to attend conferences; MSD: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Other: Educational support to attend conferences; Alexion: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Other: Educational support to attend conferences. Milojkovic:Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria. Drummond:Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Blueprint Medicine Corporation: Research Funding; Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. OffLabel Disclosure: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator frequently used in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

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Shabanov, A. A. « On issue of development of methods of staff recruitment, training and adaptation in socio-economic systems of large multinational corporation ». Issues of radio electronics, n^o 11 (20 novembre 2019) : 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-11-87-91.

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The article investigates the necessity and organization of continuous training of personnel in corporate systems. The methods of solving the problem of selection, training and adaptation of personnel, taking into account the peculiarities of socio-economic systems of production enterprises-branches of transnational companies. The analysis of the model of training of personnel of the enterprises of the automotive cluster is carried out. For the solution of control problems in organizational systems of multinational companies Model Shlyonsky, F. O. and B. W. Bode, the author adapted to the peculiarities of these companies. The features of the automotive cluster of Kaluga region are described. The substantiation of not required re-training of employees in corporate standards is given. when switching to work from one of the cluster enterprises to another. It is concluded that the competition within the cluster between enterprises, with this approach, contributes to the success of each enterprise included in it and the development of the cluster as a whole.

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Waelkens, Marc, Edwin Owens, Ann Hasendonckx et Burcu Arikan. « The Excavations at Sagalassos 1991 ». Anatolian Studies 42 (décembre 1992) : 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642953.

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During 1991 large-scale excavations at Sagalassos continued for their second season from 13 July until 5 September. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven). A total of 42 scientists from various countries (Belgium, Turkey, Great Britain, Germany and Portugal) as well as 25 local workmen (supervised by Mr. Ali Toprak) carried out the work. The team included 20 archaeologists, 4 illustrators (supervised by G. Evsever and R. Kotsch), 4 architect-restorers (directed by Prof. R. Lemaire and Dr. K. Van Balen), 3 cartographers (directed by Prof. F Depuydt), 2 geologists (directed by Prof. W. Viaene), 2 geomorphologists (Prof. J. De Ploey and Prof. E. Paulissen), 1 archaeozoologist (Dr. W. Van Neer), 1 anthropologist (Dr. Chr. Charlier), 2 restorers for the small finds (directed by Miss K. Norman) and 1 photographer (P. Stuyven). The Turkish Antiquities Department was represented by Muhammet Alkan from the Sivas Museum, whom we thank for his help. Financial support came from the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven, the Belgian Fund for Collective Fundamental Research (F.K.F.O.), the Belgian Programme on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (I.U.A.P. no 28), the National Bank of Belgium, the ASLK/CGER Bank, the tour operator ORION, the car rental company Interleasing, the restoration company E. G. Verstraete & Vanhecke N. V., Agfa-Gevaert films and the association “Friends of Sagalassos”.

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JPT staff, _. « Legends of Artificial Lift (July 2022) ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, n^o 07 (1 juillet 2022) : 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0722-0034-jpt.

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Legends of Artificial Lift This year, the SPE Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition–Americas will be held 23–25 August in Galveston, Texas, with the theme “Modern Artificial Lift–Adapting to a Changing Industry.” The event provides opportunities for technical professionals to gain insights into current trends and field experiences and explore innovative solutions. A special Legends of Artificial Lift Luncheon on 23 August will celebrate three individuals for their outstanding contributions to the technical knowledge in this field: Norman Hein Jr., Ken Nolen, and Gabor Takacs. Norman W. Hein Jr. Norman W. Hein Jr. has worked for 45 years in upstream production, his distinguished career spanning from research, development, and testing to ventures in production engineering, manufacturing, onshore and offshore project management, industry standardization, and the principles of artificial lift. Hein joined the industry in 1977 as a research scientist with Continental Oil Company, where he learned about oil and gas production materials, failures, fatigue, and offshore construction. He then worked for Conoco and later ConocoPhillips in various engineering positions. In 2010, he joined the sucker-rod division of Norris Production Solutions as director of research, development, engineering, and quality; later at CONSOL Energy he was promoted to chief technology professional and senior advisor. Currently, Hein is president and managing director of Oil and Gas Optimization Specialists Ltd., which he established in 2003. Kenneth B. (Ken) Nolen Kenneth B. (Ken) Nolen for 62 years has been a key contributor to what he calls “the art and science of artificial lift.” “My college degree in mechanical engineering was largely devoted to science,” he explains, “and that’s a branch of knowledge dealing with the physical world of facts and principles. Art, on the other hand, uses science to create new technology and products—in my field, that is to enhance artificial lift.” His career in optimizing this art and science began after graduating from Texas A&M and serving his country in the US Air Force for a 3-year tour. Nolen joined Shell Oil Company as a production engineer before teaming up with Dr. Sam G. Gibbs to become co-founderand vice president of Nabla Corporation in Midland, Texas—a technical service company that specialized in artificial-lift diagnosis, optimization, design, training on pumping wells, and manufacturing pumpoff controllers and fluid-level sounders. “It was at Nabla that I pursued my long-held passion for optimizing production from artificially lifted wells.” Gabor Takacs Gabor Takacs joins the Legends of Artificial Lift as an internationally recognized consultant with more than 35 years of consulting and teaching experience in the fields of production engineering, with a concentration in artificial lift. “The great honor of being nominated is an absolutely thrilling sensation for me,” he said. “It gives me a special satisfaction to be the first foreigner to join those wonderful people whom I have been privileged to meet and cooperate with during my career.” Takacs is a professor emeritus at the University of Miskolc, Hungary, where he led the petroleum engineering department from 1995 to 2012.

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F., T. W., J. P. H., T. J. H., A. R. O., T. J. H., T. J. H., R. A. B. et al. « Reviews of Books ». Irish Geography 5, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2017) : 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1964.997.

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DAS WERDEN DER AGRARLANDSCHAFT IN DER GRAFSCHAFT TIPPERARY (IRLAND). Ingeborg Leister. Marburger Geographische Schriften, Heft 18, 1963. 434 pp. 21 DM.LAND USE IN NORTHERN IRELAND. General Report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Northern Ireland. Editor, Leslie Symons. University of London Press Ltd. 1963. pp. 288. £2–2‐0.WEST CORK RESOURCE SURVEY. Prepared and published by an Foras Talúntais (Agricultural Institute). Dublin 1963. £1.GEOLOGY AND IRELAND. W. E. Nevill. Dublin: Figgis, 1963. 8#fr1/2> × 5#fr1/2> in., xv + 263 pp., 65 text figures. 25s.RECENT RESEARCH ON IRISH RURAL SETTLEMENT. The report of a symposium held at Belfast, January 1963. By Ronald H. Buchanan. Belfast: Geography Department, The Queen's University. 1/‐.COUNTY LONDONDERRY HANDBOOK. Belfast: Nicholson & Bass. (no date) 2s. 6d.L'EUROPE DU NORD ET DU NORD‐OUEST. Tome III. LES ILES BRITANNIQUES. J. Beaujeu‐Garnier and A. Guilcher. ‘Orbis’ Introduction aux Etudes de Geographie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963. 560pp. F.32.THE ECONOMIC PATTERN OF MODERN GERMANY, by Norman G. Pounds. London: John Murray, 1963. Pp. 133. 80#fr1/2> × 5#fr1/4> in. 18s.NORTH AMERICA. N. J. G. Pounds. London: John Murray, 2nd. ed., 1964. 238 pp. 18s. 6d.THE EARTH AND YOU. Norman J. G. Pounds. London: John Murry, 1963. 591 pp. 60s.INDUSTRIALISATION AND UNDER‐DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, by Alan B. Mountjoy. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1963. 223 pp. 15s.ATLAS OF CENTRAL EUROPE. London: J. Murray, 1963. 13 ins. × 9#fr1/2> ins. 42s.STATISTICAL MAPPING AND THE PRESENTATION OF STATISTICS. G C. Dickenson. London: Edward Arnold Ltd., 1963. 160pp. 21s.INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY, III, 1963. Edited by Eduard Imhof. London: George Philip and Son Ltd., 1963. Pp. 232. 9#fr1/2> × 6#fr1/2> in. 40s.

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Kanta Rao, M., et Naga Satish Kumar Ch. « Evaluation of Strength Properties of the Concrete Prepared from Class F Fly Ash ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 982, n^o 1 (1 mars 2022) : 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012012.

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Abstract Cement is a hazardous and expensive material that is used in the production of concrete, where the cost of the concrete is minimized by replacing the cement with similar cementitious materials. According to the report of the national thermal power corporation, the production of fly ash is rising each year as a result of increasing demand for electricity. In this research paper, an attempt has been done by replacing cement with fly ash as an alternative material. The concrete samples are prepared with different compositions by using different percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) of fly ash. In this research, the behaviour of the fly ash concrete is investigated by different strength-related properties; compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength at various curing time periods of 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. In the experimental section, the developed fly ash concrete obtained maximum compressive strength of 83.50N / mm 2, a flexural strength of 6.60N / mm 2 and a splitting tensile strength of 4.90N / mm 2 on the 180th day in the composition of 450kg/m 3 and 0.4W/B ratio. Percentage gain of compressive, split tensile and flexural tests for 450 kg/m3 at 0.4 W/B ratio at 180 days curing is 13%, 9% and 13% with 30% fly ash replacement when compared to 350 kg/m3 binder content. Proportional increase of cement content also leads to increase fly ash content in concrete. Fly ash has potential of filling pores because of having finer particles and performs pozzolanic action which resulted in attaining high strength even after optimum replacement when compared to conventional concrete.

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Ahlsén, Elisabeth, Mats Mobärg, Norman Vance, Stephen Medcalf, Jeremy Lane, Britt-Marie Kylander, Olof Eriksson et al. « Reviews and notices ». Moderna Språk 84, n^o 1 (10 mai 1990) : 76–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v84i1.10477.

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Includes the following reviews: pp. 76-77. Elisabeth Ahlsén. Magnusson, E. & Nauclér, K. (eds.), Reading and Spelling Disabilities: Linguistic Etiology. pp. 77-80. Mats Mobärg. Lewin, E. & Lewin, A.E., The Thesaurus of Slang. pp. 81-82. Norman Vance. Bryans, R., Ulster: A Journey through the Six Counties. + McKittrick, D., Despatches from Belfast. pp. 82-83. Stephen Medcalf. Wetherbee, W., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Cantebury Tales. pp. 83-84. Jeremy Lane. Taylor, D.J., A Vain Conceit: British Fiction in the 1980s. pp. 84-86. Britt-Marie Kylander. Wahlman, B. (projektledare) m.fl., Franska ordboken. p. 87. Olof Eriksson. Livres nouveaux. pp. 87-88. Marie-Rose Blomgren. Merle, P., Dictionnaire du Français branché suivi du Guide du français tic et toc. pp. 89-91. Gunnar Magnusson. Krumm, H.-J. (Hrsg.), Handbuch Fremdsprachenunterricht. pp. 92-93. Gustav Korlén. Duden, Deutsches Universalwörterbuch. 2 Aufl. pp. 93-94. Evald Johansson. Freund, F. & Sunqvist, B., Tysk grammatik, övningsbok och Tysk grammatik, övningsbok, facit. pp. 95-97. Birgit Stolt. Graf von Krockow, C., Die Stunde der Frauen. Bericht aus Pommern 1944-47. + Gräfin von Maltzan, M., Schlage die Trommel und fürchte dich nicht. pp. 97-99. Michael Opitz. Janka, W., Schwierigkeiten mit der Wahrheit. pp. 99-101. Annelise Stawström. Köningsdorf, H., Lichtverhältnisse. pp. 101-103. Christiane Baumann. Bleisch, N., Kontrollverlust. p. 104. Helmut Müssener. Internat. Deutschlehrerverg (Hrsg.), Dem Frieden entgegen. Ein Lesebuch mit 100 Texten aus fünf Jahrhunderten. p. 104. Helmut Müssener. Peters, J. (Hrsg.), Zweimal Stockholm-Berlin 1946. Briefe nach der Rückkehr: Jürgen Peters und Wolfgang Steinitz. Mit Nachfragen an Robert Rompe und Jürgen Kuszynski.

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Bennett, Gary F. « How to respond to hazardous chemicals spills by W. Unterberg, R. W. Melvold, S. L. Davis, E. J. Stephens, and F. G. Bush III, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, NJ (1988), 274 pages, U.S. List Price : $39.00 ». Environmental Progress 8, n^o 3 (août 1989) : A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.3300080306.

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Decrouy, Laurent, et Torsten W. Vennemann. « Life histories and distribution of ostracods with depth in western Lake Geneva (Petit-Lac), Switzerland : a reconnaissance study ». Crustaceana 87, n^o 8-9 (2014) : 1095–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003344.

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Because environmental conditions within a given basin are different for each season and at different water depth, knowledge of the life history and depth distribution of target species is important for environmental and palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on ostracod species assemblages and/or the geochemical compositions of their valves. In order to determine the distribution of species with depth as well as the life history of species from Lake Geneva, a one-year sampling campaign of living ostracods was conducted at five sites (2, 5, 13, 33 and 70 m water depth) on a monthly basis in the Petit-Lac (western basin of Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Based on the results, the different species can be classified into three groups. Littoral taxa are found at 2 and 5 m water depth and include, in decreasing numbers of individuals,Cypridopsis vidua(O. F. Müller, 1776),Pseudocandona compressa(Koch, 1838),Limnocythere inopinata(Baird, 1843),Herpetocypris reptans(Baird, 1835),Potamocypris smaragdina(Vávra, 1891),Potamocypris similis(G. W. Müller, 1912),Plesiocypridopsis newtoni(Brady & Robertson, 1870),Prionocypris zenkeri(Chyzer & Toth, 1858) andIlyocyprissp. Brady & Norman, 1889. Sublittoral species are found in a majority at 13 m water depth and to a lesser extend at 33 m water depth and include, in decreasing numbers of individuals,Fabaeformiscandona caudata(Kaufmann, 1900),Limnocytherina sanctipatricii,Candona candida(O. F. Müller, 1776) andIsocypris beauchampi(Paris, 1920). Profundal species are found equally at 13, 33 and 70 m water depth and includes, in decreasing numbers of individuals,Cytherissa lacustris(Sars, 1863),Candona neglectaSars, 1887 andCypria lacustrisLilljeborg, 1890. The occurrence ofLimnocytherina sanctipatricii(Brady & Robertson, 1869) is restricted from late winter to late spring when temperatures are low, whileC. vidua,L. inopinata,P. smaragdina,P. similis,P. newtoniandIlyocyprissp. occur predominantly from spring to early autumn when temperatures are high. Individuals ofC. neglecta,C. candida,F. caudata,P. compressa,C. lacustris,H. reptansandCp. lacustrisoccur throughout the year with juveniles and adults occurring during the same period (C. neglectaat 70 m,C. lacustrisat 13, 33 and 70 m, andH. reptansat 2, 5 and 13 m water depth) or with juveniles occurring during a different period of the year than adults (C. neglectaat 13 and 33 m andC. candida,F. caudataandP. compressaat their respective depth of occurrence). Among the environmental parameters investigated, an estimate of the relationship between ostracod autoecology and environmental parameters suggests that in the Petit-Lac: (i) water temperature and substrate characteristics are important factors controlling the distribution of species with depth, (ii) water temperature is also important for determining the timing of species development and, hence, its specific life history, and (iii) water oxygen and sedimentary organic matter content is less important compared to the other environmental parameter monitored.

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Madaras, Larry, Richard A. Diem, Kenneth G. Alfers, Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson, Victoria L. Enders, Robert Kern, Gerald H. Davis et al. « Book Reviews ». Teaching History : A Journal of Methods 11, n^o 2 (4 mai 1986) : 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.11.2.80-96.

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Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr., Central America: A Nation Divided. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 390. Cloth, $22.50; Paper $8.95. Second Edition. Review by Donald J. Mabry of Mississippi State University. Edward M. Anson. A Civilization Primer. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. Pp. 121. Spiral bound, $5.95. Review by Gordon R. Mork of Purdue University. Stephen J. Lee. Aspects of European History, 1494-1789. Second edition. London & New York: Methuen, 1984. Pp. viii, 312. Paper, $11.95. Review by Michael W. Howell of The School of the Ozarks. Roland N. Stromberg. European Intellectual History Since 1789. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Fourth edition. Pp. x, 340. Paper, $18.95. Review by Irby C. Nichols, Jr. of North Texas State University. R. W. Southern. Medieval Humanism and Other Studies. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. 261. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $10.95. Review by Benjamin F. Taggie of Central Michigan University. H. T. Dickinson. British Radicalism and the French Revolution, 1789-1815. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. 88. Paper, $6.95; F. D. Dow. Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-1660. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. 90. Paper, $6.95. Review by Harry E. Wade of East Texas State University. H. R. Kedward. Occupied France: Collaboration and Resistance 1940-1944. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. 88. $6.95; M. E. Chamberlain. Decolonization: The Fall of the European Empire. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. 86. $6.95. Review by Steven Philip Kramer of the University of New Mexico. Harriet Ward. World Powers in the Twentieth Century. London: British Broadcasting Corporation and the Heinemann Educational Books, 1985. Second edition. Pp. xvii, 333. Paper, $12.00. Review by Gerald H. Davis of Georgia State University. Paul Preston, ed. Revolution and War in Spain, 1931-1939. London and New York: Methuen, 1984. Pp. xi, 299. Cloth, $29.95: Paper, $12.95. Review by Robert Kern of the University of New Mexico. Glenn Blackburn. The West and the World Since 1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Pp. vi, 152. Paper, $9.95. Review by Victoria L. Enders of Northern Arizona University. M. K. Dziewanowski. A History of Soviet Russia. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985. Second edition. Pp. x, 406. Paper, $22.95. Review by Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson of Northern Essex Community College. Peter L. Steinberg. The Great "Red Menace": United States Prosecution of American Communists, 1947-1952. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xiv, 311. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Kenneth G. Alfers of Mountain View College. Winthrop D. Jordan, Leon F. Litwack, Richard Hoftstadter, William Miller, Daniel Aaron. The United States: Brief Edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985. Second Edition. Pp. xiv, 513. Paper, $19.95. Review by Richard A. Diem of The University of Texas at San Antonio. Edwin J. Perkins and Gary M. Walton. A Prosperous People: The Growth of the American Economy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985. Pp. xiii, 240. Paper, $14.95. Review by Larry Madaras of Howard Community College.

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Lundén, Rolf, Mats Mobärg, Ulf Danatus, Beatrice Warren, Alistair Davies, Per-Åke Jansson, Norman Vance et al. « Reviews and notices ». Moderna Språk 87, n^o 1 (1 juin 1993) : 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v87i1.10210.

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Includes the following reviews: pp. 81-82. Rolf Lundén. Elliott, E. (general editor), The Columbia History of the American Novel. pp. 82-85. Mats Mobärg. Wehmeier, S. (ed.), Oxford Wordpower Dictionary. + Crowther, J. (ed.), Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Encyplocedic Edition. pp. 85-86. Ulf Danatus. Parkes, M.B., Pause And Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West. pp. 86-88. Beatrice Warren. Gram-Andersen, K., The Purple-Eared Monster. A Study in Word Formation. pp. 88-89. Alistair Davies. Reid, I., Narrative Exchanges. + Botting, F., Making Monstrous: Frankenstein, crisitism, theory. pp. 89-90. Per-Åke Jansson. Mole, J., Mind your Manners. Managing Culture Clash in the Single European Market. pp. 90-91. Ulf Danatus. Cuddon, J.A., The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. pp. 91-92. Norman Vance. Lyle Jeffrey, D. (ed.), A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature. pp. 92-95. Gustav Korlén. Duden Aussprachewörterbuch. Wörterbuch der deutschen Standardsprache. + Dieling, H., Phonetik im Fremdsprachenunterricht Deutsch. pp. 96-98. Klaus Rossenbeck. Stora svensk-tyska ordboken. pp. 98-100. Elzbieta Szweijkowska-Olsson. Heinemann, W. & Viehweger, D., Textlinguistik: Eine Einführung. pp. 100-104. Bo Andersson. Lowsky, M., Karl May: Karl-May-Handbuch, hrsg. v. Gert Ueding in Zuzammenarbeit mit Reinard Tschapke. Karl Mays "Winnetou". Studien zu einem Mythos, hrsg. v. D. Sundhoff. pp. 105-107. Rüdiger Bernhardt. Didon, S., Kassandrarufe. Studien zu Vorkrieg und Krieg in Christa Wolfs Erzählungen Kindheitsmuster und Kassandra. pp. 108-110. Frank-Michael Kirsch. Landin, P., Sista Tangon i DDR. Ett PS. pp. 110-112. Karl Johan Danell. L'Alliance française d''Upsal 1891-1991. p. 112. Redaktionsmeddelande/A Message from the Editors

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Vance, Norman, Joe Trotta, Riana O'Dwyer, Gösta Krantz, Mats Mobärg, Gunnar Magnusson, Elzbieta Szweikowska-Olsson et al. « Reviews and notices ». Moderna Språk 86, n^o 1 (1 juin 1992) : 80–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v86i1.10285.

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Includes the following reviews: pp. 80-81. Norman Vance. Wheeler, M., Death and the Future Life in Victorian Literature and Theology. + Horsman, A., The Victorian Novel. Oxford History of English Literature vol XIII. p. 82. Joe Trotta. Corbett, J., English for International Banking and Finance. pp. 83-84. Riana O'Dwyer. Vance, N., Irish Literature: A Social History. Tradition, Identity and Difference. pp. 84-85. Gösta Krantz. Ljung, M., A Study of TEFL Vocabulary. p. 85. Mats Mobärg. Tannen, D., You Just Don't Understand. Women and Men in Conversation. pp. 86-88. Gunnar Magnusson. Wandruszka, M., Die europäisch Sprachengemeinschaft. Deutsch-Französisch-English-Italienisch-Spanisch im Vergleich. + Wandruszka, M., "Wer fremde Sprachen nicht kennt..." Das Bild des Menschen in Europas Sprachen. pp. 88-90. Elzbieta Szweikowska-Olsson. Hansen, G., Textlinguistische Analyse von Gebrauchstexten (Handelshøjskolen i København, skriftraekke J, erhvervssproglige skrifter 20). pp. 91-93. Klaus Rossenbeck. Schreiter, G. & Stedje, A., Svensk-tysk ordlista över högskoletermer. pp. 94-95. Carola Wiemers. Müller, W., Dichter-Helden in der DDR-Literatur der siebziger Jahre. pp. 96-98. Rüdiger Bernhardt. Klasson, V., Bewußtheit, Emanzipation und Frauenproblematik in "Der geteilte Himmel" und drei weiteren Texten von Christa Wolf. pp. 98-100. Bo Andersson. Nusser, P., Trivialliteratur (Sammlung Meltzer, 262). pp. 100-102. Gustav Korlén. von Friesen, H., Det nya Tyskland. pp. 102-104. Magnus Röhl. Oreglia, G., Dante. Liv, verk & samtid. pp. 104-107. Gaëtan Cotard. Arrive, M., Gadet, F. & Galmiche, M., La grammarie d'aujourd'hui. Guide alphabétique de linguistique française. pp. 107-111. Ken Benson. Dolgin, S.L., La novela desmitificadora española. + Diaz Migoyo, G., La diferencia novelesca. lectura irónica de la ficción. + de Asis Garrote, M.D., Última hora de la novela en España.

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Kondo, M., T. Suzuki, Y. Kawano, S. Kojima, M. Miyashiro, A. Matsumoto, G. Kania et al. « POS0467 DERSIMELAGON, A NOVEL ORAL MELANOCORTIN 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST, DEMONSTRATES DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN PRECLINICAL MODELS OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 mai 2022) : 488.1–488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.29.

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BackgroundActivation of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is known to have broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. The bleomycin (BLM)-induced skin fibrosis murine model is well-established for systemic sclerosis (SSc). α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an endogenous ligand of MC1R, inhibits skin fibrosis and MC1R knock-out enhances skin fibrosis in this model. These pieces of evidence suggest that MC1R agonism has potential in the treatment of SSc.ObjectivesDersimelagon phosphate (MT-7117) is an investigational small molecule that is an orally administered, selective agonist for MC1R. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of MT-7117 as a therapeutic agent for SSc by evaluating its efficacy and mechanism of action in complementary preclinical models. The expression and distribution of MC1R in the skin of SSc patients was investigated.MethodsThe effects of MT-7117 on skin fibrosis and lung inflammation were evaluated in BLM-induced SSc murine models that were optimized for prophylactic and therapeutic evaluation. Microarray-based gene expression analysis and serum protein profiling were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of MT-7117 in the BLM-induced SSc models. The effect of MT-7117 on TGF-β-induced activation of human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated in vitro. Immunohistochemical analyses of MC1R expression in skin samples from SSc patients were performed.ResultsProphylactic treatment with MT-7117 (≥0.3 mg/kg/day p.o.) significantly inhibited the increase in collagen content of the skin, the serum level of surfactant protein D, and the weight of the lungs from BLM-induced skin fibrosis and lung inflammation model. Therapeutic treatment with MT-7117 (≥3 mg/kg/day p.o.) significantly suppressed skin thickening and the numbers of myofibroblasts in pre-established BLM-induced skin fibrosis model. Gene array analysis using the BLM-induced SSc model demonstrated changes in numerous categories related to macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils, followed by endothelial cell-related categories after treatment with MT-7117. In the analysis that focused on biological functions, categories of inflammatory response, activation of antigen-presenting cells, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, vasculogenesis, and vaso-occlusion were suppressed by MT-7117. In the analysis that focused on molecular signaling pathways, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, IL-6, and oncostatin M involved in inflammation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor that is related to fibrosis were all affected by MT-7117. Serum protein profiling using BLM-induced SSc model revealed that multiple SSc-related biomarkers including P-selectin, osteoprotegerin, cystatin C, growth and differentiation factor-15 and S100A9 were suppressed by MT-7117. MT-7117 inhibited the activation of human dermal fibroblasts by suppressing TGF-β-induced ACTA2 (encoding α-smooth muscle actin) mRNA elevation in vitro. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that MC1R positivity was observed in 40 of 50 diffuse cutaneous SSc patients. MC1R was expressed by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, blood vessels (endothelial cells), fibroblasts, and epidermis (keratinocytes) in the skin of SSc patients.ConclusionMT-7117 demonstrates disease-modifying effects in preclinical models of SSc. Investigations of its mechanism of action and target expression analyses indicate that MT-7117 exerts its positive effects by affecting the pathologies of inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and fibrosis through inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In view of its potent beneficial impact on all these three main pathologies of SSc, MT-7117 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of clinically challenging SSc, which has diverse and difficult to treat symptoms. A phase 2 clinical trial investigating the efficacy and tolerability of MT-7117 in patients with early, progressive diffuse cutaneous SSc is currently in progress.Disclosure of InterestsMasahiro Kondo Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tsuyoshi Suzuki Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yuko Kawano Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shinji Kojima Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Masahiko Miyashiro Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Atsuhiro Matsumoto Employee of: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Gabriela Kania: None declared, Przemyslaw Blyszczuk: None declared, rebecca ross: None declared, Panji Mulipa: None declared, Francesco Del Galdo Grant/research support from: Prof. F. Del Galdo received fees and research support from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Capella, Chemomab, Kymab, Janssen and Mitsubishi-Tanabe., Yun Zhang: None declared, Jörg H.W. Distler Grant/research support from: Prof. J.H.W. Distler received consulting fees, lecture fees, and/or honoraria from Actelion, Active Biotech, Anamar, ARXX, aTyr, Bayer Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Galapagos, GSK, Inventiva, JB Therapeutics, Medac, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, RedX, RuiYi and UCB. J. H. W. Distler is stock owner of 4D Science and Scientific head of FibroCure.

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Hutchinson, W. H. « Jackson Hole Journal. By Nathaniel Burt. (Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1983 and Northern Pacific Views : The Railroad Photography of F. Jay Haynes, 1876–1905. By Edward W. Nolan. (Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1983 ». Forest & ; Conservation History 30, n^o 4 (octobre 1986) : 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4004748.

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Joubert, Robyn C., Esté Van Marle-Köster et H. F. Strydom. « 316 Routine Claw Trimming Data Provides Insight into the Occurrence of Claw Lesions Holstein Herds in the Central Region of South Africa ». Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (6 novembre 2023) : 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.302.

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Abstract Claw lesions in dairy cows are a primary contributor to lameness, posing severe welfare concerns due to the distress and discomfort experienced by affected cows. Claw disorders have a significant negative impact on herd efficiency, milk yield, reproductive performance, and involuntary culling. Despite increased awareness of the detrimental effects of lameness, its incidence has continued to rise. Reducing the occurrence of lameness remains a major challenge, especially in defining and recording of claw traits. In South Africa (SA), claw data is limited to private hoof trimmers with paper-based recording. The objective of this research was to examine the occurrence and recording of claw lesions in Holstein cattle from the central region of South Africa. Claw-trimming data from five intensively managed dairy farms (average herd size: 1,073) using both dirt lot (DL) and free-stall (FS) housing systems were analyzed over a six-year period (2014 to 2019). The Claw Lesion Identification in Dairy Cattle brochure, co-developed by Zinpro Corporation and the International Lameness Committee, was used as the reference for lesion identification by a local hoof trimmer. Digital dermatitis (D) showed the greatest prevalence (64.02% of all recorded lesions), followed by sole ulcers (U; 8.59%), white line disease (W; 6.27%), and sole hemorrhage (H; 4.28%), with most lesions occurring in the rear feet. A chi-square test of independence between lesion and housing was rejected (P < 0.0001). Correspondence analysis (CA) was then used to explore these dependencies. The first dimension of the graphical display explained 90.7% of the variation in the data. The CA indicated that the prevalence of D and F are strongly associated, and closely associated with U. The prevalence of these lesions is also associated with housing systems DL and FS. The CA also confirmed a close association between W and H, and the prevalence of these lesions in housing system DL+FS. Improving the precision of claw lesion identification and recording, especially with regard to lesions that tend to occur together, can furnish essential data to identify the most prevalent lesions in a population. This will enhance our comprehension of the causal factors behind these significant lesions and offer producers practical recommendations to use these data for prevention, early detection, management, and improvement of lameness.

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Okano, T., K. Mamoto, Y. Yamada, K. Mandai, S. Anno, K. Inui, T. Koike et H. Nakamura. « AB0215 EARLY IMPROVEMENT OF THE POWER DOPPLER SIGNAL CAN PREDICT TO CONTINUE THE BIOLOGICAL DMARDS AFTER 1 YEAR. » Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (juin 2020) : 1408.2–1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2794.

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Background:In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), biologics treatment is one of the effective treatment options. On the other hand, the effects of biologics cannot be obtained satisfactorily in all patients, and there are some cases in which treatment is interrupted due to ineffective or adverse events. However, the useful predictive markers of the biologics have not been found in the early phase of treatment in RA. Recently, ultrasound (US) has played a role of sensitive imaging modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with RA.Objectives:In this study, we investigated whether continuation of biologics treatment can be predicted by ultrasonographic findings in the early phase.Methods:Fifty-four RA patients who started the first biologics from September 2016 to December 2018 were included. All the patients were performed clinical examination, blood tests and US examination of hand and foot at baseline, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeks. US examination was performed on MCP joints, PIP joints, wrist and MTP joints.Results:Among 54 cases, 42 cases were able to continue treatment until one year later, and the continuation rate was 80.8%. Of the 12 patients who discontinued first biologics treatment, 5 were changes to other biologics due to inadequate response, 4 were their wishes, and 3 were adverse events. Multiple regression analysis was performed with treatment continuation as the dependent variable and improvement of CRP, MMP-3, DAS28-CRP, grayscale score and power Doppler score in 4 weeks as explanatory variables. Only improvement of power Doppler score was extracted as a significant predictor (p = 0.045). In the continuation group, the improvement of the power Doppler signal at week 4 was 36% compared with the baseline, compared with 10% in the discontinuation group.Conclusion:The early improvement of power Doppler signal in 4 weeks could be a predictive factor for the continuation of 1-year biological treatment.References:[1]Grassi W, Okano T, Di Geso L, Filippucci E. Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: options, uses and optimization. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11:1131-46.[2]Atzeni F, Talotta R, Masala IF, Bongiovanni S, Boccassini L, Sarzi-Puttini P. Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Isr Med Assoc J. 2017;19:512-6.Table 1.Multivariate regression analysis of predictive factors for continuation of biologics treatment in 1-year.Improvement ratio of 0 to 4 weeksbetaP valueCRP-0.1220.465MMP-30.2280.103DAS28 CRP0.2800.103Ultrasound grey scale score-0.3420.119Ultrasound power Doppler score0.4420.045Acknowledgments:We thank Emi Yamashita, Yuko Yoshida, Asami Fujii and Shingo Washida who performed ultrasound examination.Disclosure of Interests:Tadashi Okano Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eisai, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Nipponkayaku, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Asahikasei, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ayumi Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiich Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma and UCB, Kenji Mamoto: None declared, Yutaro Yamada: None declared, Koji Mandai: None declared, Shohei Anno: None declared, Kentaro Inui Grant/research support from: Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Sanofi K.K., Abbvie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., QOL RD Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eisai Co.,Ltd.,, Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Abbvie GK, Pfizer Inc., Eisai Co.,Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tatsuya Koike Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Astellas Pharma Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, and UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Astellas Pharma Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, and UCB, Hiroaki Nakamura Grant/research support from: Astellas Pharma Inc. and Asahi Kasei Pharma Co.

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Hora, H. « B. W. Augenstein, B. E. Bonner, F. E. Mills, and M. M. Nieto, Antiproton Science and Technology (Proceedings of the Workshop at the RAND Corporation, Oct. 6–9, 1987, World Scientific, Singapore1988) X, 759 pages. » Laser and Particle Beams 6, n^o 4 (novembre 1988) : 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005711.

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Dixon, Eryn E., et Owen M. Woodward. « Three-dimensional in vitro models answer the right questions in ADPKD cystogenesis ». American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 315, n^o 2 (1 août 2018) : F332—F335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00126.2018.

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Novel technologies, new understanding of the basement membrane composition, and better comprehension of the embryonic development of the mammalian kidney have led to explosive growth in the use of three-dimensional in vitro models to study a range of human disease pathologies (Clevers H. Cell 165: 1586–1597, 2016; Shamir ER, Ewald AJ. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15: 647–664, 2014). The development of these effective model systems represents a new tool to study the progressive cystogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). ADPKD is a prevalent and complex monogenetic disease, characterized by the pathological formation of fluid fill cysts in renal tissue (Grantham JJ, Mulamalla S, Swenson-Fields KI. Nat Rev Nephrol 7: 556–566, 2011; Takiar V, Caplan MJ. Biochim Biophys Acta 1812: 1337–1343, 2011). ADPKD cystogenesis is attributed to loss of function mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2, which encode for two transmembrane proteins, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, and progresses with loss of both copies of either gene through a proposed two-hit mechanism with secondary somatic mutations (Delmas P, Padilla F, Osorio N, Coste B, Raoux M, Crest M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322: 1374–1383, 2004; Pei Y, Watnick T, He N, Wang K, Liang Y, Parfrey P, Germino G, St George-Hyslop P. Am Soc Nephrol 10: 1524–1529, 1999; Wu G, D’Agati V, Cai Y, Markowitz G, Park JH, Reynolds DM, Maeda Y, Le TC, Hou H Jr, Kucherlapati R, Edelmann W, Somlo S. Cell 93: 177–188, 1998). The exaggerated consequences of large fluid filled cysts result in fibrosis and nephron injury, leading initially to functional compensation but ultimately to dysfunction (Grantham JJ. Am J Kidney Dis 28: 788–803, 1996; Norman J. Biochim Biophys Acta 1812: 1327–1336, 2011; Song CJ, Zimmerman KA, Henke SJ, Yoder BK. Results Probl Cell Differ 60: 323–344, 2017). The complicated disease progression has scattered focus and resources across the spectrum of ADPKD research.

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Rahman, Md Naimur. « Urban Expansion Analysis and Land Use Changes in Rangpur City Corporation Area, Bangladesh, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques ». Geosfera Indonesia 4, n^o 3 (25 novembre 2019) : 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i3.13921.

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This study aim to attempt mapping out the Land Use or Land Cover (LULC) status of Regional Project Coordination Committee (RPCC) between 2009-2019 with a view of detecting the land consumption rate and the changes that has taken place using RS and GIS techniques; serving as a precursor to the further study on urban induced variations or change in weather pattern of the cityn Rangpur City Corporation(RCC) is the main administrative functional area for both of Rangpur City and Rangpur division and experiencing a rapid changes in the field of urban sprawl, cultural and physical landscape,city growth. These agents of Land use or Land cover (LULC) varieties are responsible for multi-dimensional problems such as traffic congestion, waterlogging, and solid waste disposal, loss of agricultural land. In this regard, this study fulfills LULC changes by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) as well as field survey was conducted for the measurement of change detection. The sources of data were Landsat 7 ETM and landsat 8 OLI/TIRS of both C1 level 1. Then after correcting the data, geometrically and radiometrically change detection and combined classification (supervised & unsupervised) were used. The study finds LULC changes built-up area, water source, agricultural land, bare soil in a change of percentage is 17.23, 2.58, -9.94, -10.19 respectively between 2009 and 2019. Among these changes, bare soil is changed to a great extent, which indicates the expansion of urban areas is utilizing the land to a proper extent. Keywords: Urban expansion; land use; land cover; remote sensing; geographic information system (GIS); Rangpur City Corporation(RCC). References Al Rifat, S. A., & Liu, W. (2019). Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns and major explanatory factors of urban expansion in miami metropolitan area during 1992-2016. Remote Sensing, 11(21) doi:10.3390/rs11212493 Arimoro AO, Fagbeja MA, Eedy W. (2002). The Need and Use of Geographic Information Systems for Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa: With Example from Ten Years Experience in Nigeria. AJEAM/RAGEE, 4(2), 16-27. Belal, A.A. and Moghanm, F.S. (2011).Detecting Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Al Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt.The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 14, 73-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2011.09.001 Dewan, A.M. and Yamaguchi, Y. (2009). Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Detect and Monitor and Use and Land Cover Change in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh during 1960-2005. Environmental Monitor Assessment, 150, 237- 249. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0226-5 Djimadoumngar, K.-N., & Adegoke, J. (2018). Satellite-Based Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes around Lake Fitri, Republic of Chad. Journal of Sustainable Development, 11(5), 71. doi:10.5539/jsd.v11n5p71 Edwards, B., Frasch, T., & Jeyacheya, J. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of land-use zoning for the protection of built heritage in the bagan archaeological zone, Myanmar—A satellite remote-sensing approach. Land use Policy, 88 doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104174 Fallati, L., Savini, A., Sterlacchini, S., & Galli, P. (2017). Land use and land cover (LULC) of the Republic of the Maldives: first national map and LULC change analysis using remote-sensing data. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(8). doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6120-2 Fučík, P., Novák, P., & Žížala, D. (2014). A combined statistical approach for evaluation of the effects of land use, agricultural and urban activities on stream water chemistry in small tile-drained catchments of south bohemia, czech republic. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72(6), 2195-2216. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3131-y Elbeih, S. F., & El-Zeiny, A. M. (2018). Qualitative assessment of groundwater quality based on land use spectral retrieved indices: Case study sohag governorate, egypt. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 10, 82-92. doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2018.03.001 Fasal, S. (2000). Urban expansion and loss of agricultural land – A GIS based study of Saharanpur City, India. Environment and Urbanization, 12(2), 133 – 149 He, S., Wang, X., Dong, J., Wei, B., Duan, H., Jiao, J., & Xie, Y. (2019). Three-dimensional urban expansion analysis of valley-type cities: A case study of chengguan district, lanzhou, china. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(20) doi:10.3390/su11205663 Heimlich, R.E and W.D. Anderson. (2001). Development at the Urban Fringe and Beyond: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Land. 803, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C., pg 80 Im, N., Kawamura, K., Suwandana, E., & Sakuno, Y. (2014). Monitoring land use and land cover effects on water quality in cheung ek lake using ASTER images. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11(1), 1-12. doi:10.3844/ajessp.2015.1.12 Kalnay, E., & Cai, M. (2003). Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate. Nature, 423(6939), 528-531. doi:10.1038/nature01675 Matlhodi, B., Kenabatho, P. K., Parida, B. P., & Maphanyane, J. G. (2019). Evaluating land use and land cover change in the gaborone dam catchment, botswana, from 1984-2015 using GIS and remote sensing. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(19) doi:10.3390/su11195174 Uddin, M. M. M. (2015). Causal relationship between agriculture, industry and services sector for GDP growth in Bangladesh: An econometric investigation. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 8. Mondal, I., Srivastava, V. K., Roy, P. S., & Talukdar, G. (2014). Using logit model to identify the drivers of landuse landcover change in the lower gangetic basin, india. Paper presented at the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, , XL-8(1) 853-859. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-853-2014 Navale, V. B., & Mhaske, S. Y. (2019). Land use/land cover changes in sangamner city by using remote sensing and GIS. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2), 4614-4621. doi:10.35940/ijrte.B3386.078219 Nicolson, L.D. (1987). The Greening of the cities; Routledge and Kegan Paul, London Nong, D., Fox, J., Miura, T., & Saksena, S. (2015). Built-up Area Change Analysis in Hanoi Using Support Vector Machine Classification of Landsat Multi-Temporal Image Stacks and Population Data. Land, 4(4), 1213–1231. doi:10.3390/land4041213 Park, H., Fan, P., John, R., Ouyang, Z., & Chen, J. (2019). Spatiotemporal changes of informal settlements: Ger districts in ulaanbaatar, mongolia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 191 doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103630 Rajeshwari D. (2006). Management of the Urban Environment Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems.J. Hum. Ecol., 20(4), 269-277. Retrieved from http://www.krepublishers.com/02_journals/JHE/ Rasul, A., Balzter, H., Ibrahim, G., Hameed, H., Wheeler, J., Adamu, B., … Najmaddin, P. (2018). Applying Built-Up and Bare-Soil Indices from Landsat 8 to Cities in Dry Climates. Land, 7(3), 81. doi:10.3390/land7030081 Risma, Zubair, H., & Paharuddin. (2019). Prediction of land use and land cover (LULC) changes using CA-Markov model in Mamuju Subdistrict. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1341, 082033. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1341/8/082033 Schilling, K. E., Jha, M. K., Zhang, Y.-K., Gassman, P. W., & Wolter, C. F. (2008). Impact of land use and land cover change on the water balance of a large agricultural watershed: Historical effects and future directions. Water Resources Research, 44(7). doi:10.1029/2007wr006644 Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

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Leibo, Steven A., Abraham D. Kriegel, Roger D. Tate, Raymond J. Jirran, Bullitt Lowry, Sanford Gutman, Thomas T. Lewis et al. « Book Reviews ». Teaching History : A Journal of Methods 12, n^o 2 (5 mai 1987) : 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.2.28-47.

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David K. Dunaway and Willa K. Baum, eds. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Nashville: American Assocation for State and Local History, 1984. Pp. xxiii, 436. Paper, $17.95 ($16.15 to AASLH members); cloth $29.50 ($26.95 to AASLH members). Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Salo W. Baron. The Contemporary Relevance of History: A Study in Approaches and Methods. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 158. Cloth, $30.00; Stephen Vaughn, ed. The Vital Past: Writings on the Uses of History. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. 406. Paper, $12.95. Review by Michael T. Isenberg of the United States Naval Academy. Howard Budin, Diana S. Kendall and James Lengel. Using Computers in the Social Studies. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986. Pp. vii, 118. Paper, $11.95. Review by Francis P. Lynch of Central Connecticut State University. David F. Noble. Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 409. Paper, $8.95. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. Alan L. Lockwood and David E. Harris. Reasoning with Democratic Values: Ethical Problems in United States History. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1985. Volume 1: Pp. vii, 206. Paper, $8.95. Volume 2: Pp. vii, 319. Paper, $11.95. Instructor's Manual: Pp. 167. Paper, $11.95. Review by Robert W. Sellen of Georgia State University. James Atkins Shackford. David Crocketts: The Man and the Legend. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986. Pp. xxv, 338. Paper, $10.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. John R. Wunder, ed. At Home on the Range: Essays on the History of Western Social and Domestic Life. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. xiii, 213. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard N. Ellis of Fort Lewis College. Sylvia R. Frey and Marian J. Morton, eds. New World, New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. ix, 246. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Elizabeth Roberts. A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. vii, 246. Paper, $12.95. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Steven Ozment. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 283. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $7.50. Review by Sanford Gutman of State University of New York, College at Cortland. Geoffrey Best. War and Society in Revolutionary Europe, 1770-1870. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 336. Paper, $9.95; Brian Bond. War and Society in Europe, 1870-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 256. Paper, $9.95. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Edward Norman. Roman Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 138. Paper, $8.95; Karl F. Morrison, ed. The Church in the Roman Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 248. Cloth, $20.00; Paper, $7.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Keith Robbins. The First World War. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. 186. Paper, $6.95; J. M. Winter. The Great War and the British People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 360. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Roger D. Tate of Somerset Community College. Gerhardt Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach. Germany: 2000 Years-- Volume III, From the Nazi Era to the Present. New York: The Ungar Publishing Co., 1986. Pp. ix, 279. Cloth, $24.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Judith M. Brown. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 429. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $12.95. Review by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College.

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Pray, C., N. Narula, E. C. Wong, J. K. Marshall, S. Rangarajan, S. Islam, A. Bahonar et al. « A176 ASSOCIATIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS, HORMONAL THERAPIES, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, AND LONG-TERM NSAIDS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE : RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE URBAN RURAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (PURE) STUDY ». Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (1 mars 2023) : 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.176.

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Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is believed to involve activation of the intestinal immune system in response to the gut microbiome among genetically susceptible hosts. IBD has been historically regarded as a disease of developed nations, though in the past two decades there has been a reported shift in the epidemiological pattern of disease. High-income nations with known high prevalence of disease are seeing a stabilization of incident cases, while a rapid rise of incident IBD is being observed in developing nations. This suggests that environmental exposures may play a role in mediating the risk of developing IBD. The potential environmental determinants of IBD across various regions is vast, though medications have been increasingly recognized as one broad category of risk factors. Purpose Several medications have been considered to contribute to the etiology of IBD. This study assessed the association between medication use and risk of developing IBD using the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort. Method This was a prospective cohort study of 133,137 individuals between the ages of 20-80 from 24 countries. Country-specific validated questionnaires documented baseline and follow-up medication use. Participants were followed prospectively at least every 3 years. The main outcome was development of IBD, including CD and UC. Short-term (baseline but not follow-up use) and long-term use (baseline and subsequent follow-up use) was evaluated. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Result(s) During the median follow-up of 11.0 years [interquartile range (IQR) 9.2-12.2], we recorded 571 incident cases of IBD (143 CD and 428 UC). Higher risk of incident IBD was associated with baseline antibiotic use [aOR: 2.81 (95% CI: 1.67-4.73), p=0.0001] and hormonal medication use [aOR: 4.43 (95% CI: 1.78-11.01), p=0.001]. Among females, previous or current oral contraceptive use was also associated with IBD development [aOR: 2.17 (95% CI: 1.70-2.77), p=5.02E-10]. NSAID users were also observed to have increased risk of IBD [aOR: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.23-2.64), p=0.002], which was driven by long-term users [aOR: 5.58 (95% CI: 2.26-13.80), p<0.001]. All significant results were consistent in direction for CD and UC with low heterogeneity. Conclusion(s) Antibiotics, hormonal medications, oral contraceptives, and long-term NSAID use were associated with increased odds of incident IBD after adjustment for covariates. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below Other Please indicate your source of funding below: Salim Yusuf is supported by the Heart & Stroke Foundation/Marion W. Burke Chair in Cardiovascular Disease. The PURE Study is an investigator-initiated study funded by the Population Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, support from CIHR’s Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) through the Ontario SPOR Support Unit, as well as the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and through unrestricted grants from several pharmaceutical companies, with major contributions from AstraZeneca (Canada), Sanofi-Aventis (France and Canada), Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany and Canada), Servier, and GlaxoSmithkline, and additional contributions from Novartis and King Pharma and from various national or local organisations in participating countries; these include: Argentina: Fundacion ECLA; Bangladesh: Independent University, Bangladesh and Mitra and Associates; Brazil: Unilever Health Institute, Brazil; Canada: Public Health Agency of Canada and Champlain Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Network; Chile: Universidad de la Frontera; China: National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Colombia: Colciencias, grant number 6566-04-18062; India: Indian Council of Medical Research; Malaysia: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia, grant numbers 100 -IRDC/BIOTEK 16/6/21 (13/2007) and 07-05-IFN-BPH 010, Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia grant number 600 -RMI/LRGS/5/3 (2/2011), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM-Hejim-Komuniti-15-2010); occupied Palestinian territory: the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, occupied Palestinian territory; International Development Research Centre, Canada; Philippines: Philippine Council for Health Research & Development; Poland: Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant number 290/W-PURE/2008/0, Wroclaw Medical University; Saudi Arabia: the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (research group number RG -1436-013); South Africa: the North-West University, SANPAD (SA and Netherlands Programme for Alternative Development), National Research Foundation, Medical Research Council of SA, The SA Sugar Association (SASA), Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (UWC); Sweden: grants from the Swedish state under the Agreement concerning research and education of doctors; the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; the Swedish Research Council; the Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, King Gustaf V’s and Queen Victoria Freemasons Foundation, AFA Insurance, Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, grant from the Swedish State under the Läkar Utbildnings Avtalet agreement, and grant from the Västra Götaland Region; Turkey: Metabolic Syndrome Society, AstraZeneca, Turkey, Sanofi Aventis, Turkey; United Arab Emirates (UAE): Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award For Medical Sciences and Dubai Health Authority, Dubai UAE. Disclosure of Interest C. Pray: None Declared, N. Narula Grant / Research support from: Neeraj Narula holds a McMaster University Department of Medicine Internal Career Award. Neeraj Narula has received honoraria from Janssen, Abbvie, Takeda, Pfizer, Merck, and Ferring, E. C. Wong: None Declared, J. K. Marshall Grant / Research support from: John K. Marshall has received honoraria from Janssen, AbbVie, Allergan, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb, Ferring, Janssen, Lilly, Lupin, Merck, Pfizer, Pharmascience, Roche, Shire, Takeda and Teva., S. Rangarajan: None Declared, S. Islam: None Declared, A. Bahonar: None Declared, K. F. Alhabib: None Declared, A. Kontsevaya: None Declared, F. Ariffin: None Declared, H. U. Co: None Declared, W. Al Sharief: None Declared, A. Szuba: None Declared, A. Wielgosz: None Declared, M. L. Diaz: None Declared, R. Yusuf: None Declared, L. Kruger: None Declared, B. Soman: None Declared, Y. Li: None Declared, C. Wang: None Declared, L. Yin: None Declared, M. Erkin: None Declared, F. Lanas: None Declared, K. Davletov: None Declared, A. Rosengren: None Declared, P. Lopez-Jaramillo: None Declared, R. Khatib: None Declared, A. Oguz: None Declared, R. Iqbal: None Declared, K. Yeates: None Declared, Á. Avezum: None Declared, W. Reinisch Consultant of: Speaker for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Aptalis, Astellas, Centocor, Celltrion, Danone Austria, Elan, Falk Pharma GmbH, Ferring, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, PLS Education, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, Yakult, Consultant for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Algernon, Amgen, AM Pharma, AMT, AOP Orphan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Roland Berger GmBH, Bioclinica, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Centocor, Celltrion, Covance, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Eli Lilly, Ernest & Young, Falk Pharma GmbH, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, LivaNova, Mallinckrodt, Medahead, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nash Pharmaceuticals, Nestle, Nippon Kayaku, Novartis, Ocera, Omass, Otsuka, Parexel, PDL, Periconsulting, Pharmacosmos, Philip Morris Institute, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Protagonist, Provention, Robarts Clinical Trial, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Seres Therapeutics, Setpointmedical, Sigmoid, Sublimity, Takeda, Therakos, Theravance, Tigenix, UCB, Vifor, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC, Advisory board member for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Centocor, Celltrion, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Grünenthal, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nestle, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Setpointmedical, Takeda, Therakos, Tigenix, UCB, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC, P. Moayyedi: None Declared, S. Yusuf: None Declared

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Hughes, T. J., Gordon L. Davies, William J. Smyth, N. C. Mitchel, A. J. Parker, R. H. Buchanan, James E. Killen et al. « Reviews of Books ». Irish Geography 7, n^o 1 (29 décembre 2016) : 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1974.917.

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THE PERSONALITY OE IRELAND. HABITAT. HERITAGE AND HISTORY by E. Estyn Evans. Cambridge: University Press. 1973. 123 pp. £2.70. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesHISTORY IN THE ORDNANCE MAP: AN INTRODUCTION FOR IRISH READERS, by John H. Andrews. Dublin : the Ordnance Survey, l974. 63 pp. £1.00. Reviewed by: Gordon L. DaviesINISHKILLANE — CHANGE AND DECLINE IN THE WEST OF IRELAND. by Hugh Brody. London: Allen Lane, the Penguin Press, 1973. 286 pp. £2.95. Reviewed by: William J. SmythNORTHERN IRELAND. by M.A. Busteed (PROBLEM REGIONS OF EUROPE. edited by D. I. Srargill). London: Oxford University Press, 1974. 48 pp. £1.00. Reviewed by: N. C. MitchclHAS IRELAND A POPULATION PROBLEM ? by R. E. Blackith. P. Dowding and F. J. Purcell. Dublin: the Irish Conservation Society, 1973. 57 pp. £0.50. Reviewed by: A. J. ParkerTHE DOWNSHIRE ESTATES IN IRELAND, 1801–1845, by W. A. Maguire. Oxford: the Clarendon Press, 1972. 284 pp. £0.00. Reviewed by: R. H. BuchananOFFICE LOCATION IN IRELAND: THE ROLE OF CENTRAL DUBLIN, by Michael J. Bannou. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1973. 144 pp. £1.75. Reviewed by: A. J. ParkerIRISH RAILWAYS SINCE 1916. by Michael H. C. Baker. London: Ian Allan. 1972. 224 pp. £3.16. Reviewed by: James E. KillenA RAILWAY ATLAS OF IRELAND, by S. Maxwell Hajducki. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. 1074. 70 pp. £4.25. Reviewed by: James E, KillenACHILL. by Kenneth McNally. Newton Abbot : David and Charles. 1973. 239 pp. £3.50.; THE ARAN ISLANDS, by Daphne Pochin Mould. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. 1072. 171 pp. £2.75. Reviewed by: J. P. HaughtonTHE LIBERTIES OF DUBLIN, edited by Elgy Gillespie. Dublin : E. and T. O'Brien Ltd.. 11 Clare Street. 1973. 1211 pp. £1.65. Reviewed by: J. A. K. GrahameAN ATLAS OF IRISH HISTORY, by Ruth Dudley Edwards. London: Methuen 1973. 261 pp. £2.70 (hardback), £1.50 (paperback). Reviewed by: A. A. HornerTHE HERITAGE OF HOLY CROSS, by Geraldine Carville. Belfast : Blackstaff Press, 1973. 175 pp. £5 (hardback), £1.75 (paperback). Reviewed by:STUDIES OF FIELD SYSTEMS IN THE BRITISH ISLES,edited by A. R. H. Baker and R. A. Butlill. Cambridge: the University Press, 1973. 702 pp. £11.00. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsMAN MADE THE LAND: ESSAYS IN ENGLISH HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY, edited by Man R. H. Baker and J. B. Harley. Newton Abbot : David & Charles, 1973. 208 pp. with 263 illustrations. £6.25.; ENGLISH LANDSCAPES, by W. G. Hoskins. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. 1973. 120 pp. with 84 illustrations. £0.75. Reviewed by: Kobin K. GlasscockTHE GLYNNS: Journal of the Glens of Antrim Historical Society, Vol. 1. 1973. 45 pp. £0.50. Reviewed by: J. A. K. Grahame

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Reber, David, Maximilian Becker, Jonathan R. Thurston, Scott E. Waters, Brian H. Robb, Sam R. Jarvis, Ruben-Simon Kuehnel, Corsin Battaglia et Michael P. Marshak. « (Battery Division Postdoctoral Associate Research Award Sponsored by MTI Corporation and the Jiang Family Foundation) Aqueous Batteries for Grid-Scale Storage : Beyond Highly Concentrated Electrolytes ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n^o 7 (22 décembre 2023) : 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-027986mtgabs.

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Aqueous electrolytes offer significant advantages over their organic counterparts, particularly for large-scale applications that prioritize non-flammability, scalability, and sustainability. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window of water imposes voltage limitations, resulting in low energy densities of aqueous batteries. Highly concentrated electrolytes have enabled high-voltage, mostly intercalation-type, aqueous battery chemistries, and over the past decade many additives, coatings, and highly soluble salts have been developed to manipulate the solution structure of the electrolyte and the interphasial chemistry at the electrode surfaces. However, the large amounts of specialized salts required in this approach, put into question whether GWh-scale storage is really the best application of this technology. Storage at such very large scale, however, is required for further integration of renewables and complete decarbonization of power grids. Flow batteries that decouple energy storage from power generation were developed to simplify scaling of very large batteries while maintaining cost and safety benefits of aqueous electrolytes. Here, the solubility of active materials governs the achievable energy density, which is typically an order of magnitude lower for aqueous flow batteries compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion cells. Capitalizing on our experience with highly concentrated electrolytes and the impact of molecular symmetry and ion-pairing on electrolyte properties,1–5 we manipulate the solution structure of flow battery electrolytes to maximize active material concentration. We manipulate the hydrogen-bonding environment in the electrolyte and mediate anion-cation interactions via cation-engineering and additives, enabling more than four-fold higher concentrations for a series of metal-organic chelates and ferrocyanides than previously reported.6–8 We further developed a simple flame emission spectroscopy setup to track cation ratios in solution and study cation-dependent instabilities of presumably highly stable ferrocyanide anions.8,9 Achieving very high concentrations, however, presents a series of challenges for flow batteries. A two-molar lithium ferrocyanide electrolyte, for example, has an ionic strength comparable to a twenty-molar lithium chloride solution.8 Managing osmotic balance across the membrane thus becomes very challenging in a flow cell. Additionally, the high viscosity of concentrated electrolytes results in significant efficiency and power losses, suggesting that the “dissolve-as-much-as-possible” approach may not necessarily lead to better flow batteries. We thus studied the importance of energy density for real-world MWh-scale batteries by using satellite images to estimate the footprint of such large-scale deployments. We find that installations using lithium-ion batteries often have a comparable footprint to sodium-sulfur batteries and even demonstrator-stage flow batteries.10 This implies that low cell level energy density of flow batteries is not the key limitation of the technology, challenging the common narrative. For applications such as residential use, on the other hand, energy density certainly plays a critical role, and we discuss approaches that could enable much more compact systems. References: (1) Reber, D.; Kühnel, R. S.; Battaglia, C. Suppressing Crystallization of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes by Asymmetric Anions Enables Low-Temperature Operation of High-Voltage Aqueous Batteries. ACS Mater. Lett. 2019, 1 (1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00043. (2) Kühnel, R.-S.; Reber, D.; Battaglia, C. Perspective—Electrochemical Stability of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167 (7), 70544. (3) Reber, D.; Takenaka, N.; Kuhnel, R.-S.; Yamada, A.; Battaglia, C. Impact of Anion Asymmetry on Local Structure and Supercooling Behavior of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11 (12), 4720–4725. (4) Reber, D.; Grissa, R.; Becker, M.; Kühnel, R.-S.; Battaglia, C. Anion Selection Criteria for Water-in-Salt Electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 2021, 11 (5), 2002913. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002913. (5) Reber, D.; Borodin, O.; Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Thienenkamp, J. H.; Grissa, R.; Zhao, W.; Aribia, A.; Brunklaus, G.; Battaglia, C. Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes for Aqueous Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32 (20), 2112138. (6) Reber, D.; Thurston, J. R.; Becker, M.; Pach, G. F.; Wagoner, M. E.; Robb, B. H.; Waters, S. E.; Marshak, M. P. Mediating Anion-Cation Interactions to Improve Aqueous Flow Battery Electrolytes. Appl. Mater. Today 2022, 28, 101512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101512. (7) Waters, S. E.; Thurston, J. R.; Armstrong, R. W.; Robb, B. H.; Marshak, M. P.; Reber, D. Holistic Design Principles for Flow Batteries: Cation Dependent Membrane Resistance and Active Species Solubility. J. Power Sources 2022, 520, 230877. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230877. (8) Reber, D.; Thurston, J. R.; Becker, M.; Marshak, M. P. Stability of Highly Soluble Ferrocyanides at Neutral PH for Energy-Dense Flow Batteries. Cell Reports Phys. Sci. 2023, 4, 101215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101215. (9) Thurston, J. R.; Marshak, M. P.; Reber, D. Monitoring Ion Exchange Chromatography with Affordable Flame Emission Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Educ. 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00455. (10) Reber, D.; Jarvis, S.; Marshak, M. The Role of Energy Density for Grid-Scale Batteries. ChemRxiv 2022. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-5ddhs.

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Любимова, Світлана. « Etymological Memory of a Word in Designating Sociocultural Stereotype ». East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, n^o 1 (27 juin 2017) : 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.1.lyu.

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The article presents the semantic history of the word flapper that denotes social stereotype of American culture. Being a multifaceted phenomenon of semantic cognition, a sociocultural stereotype presents a condensed and coded information that develops on the background of a cultural context. The semantic analysis from diachronic perspective sets up a correspondence of Latin origin of the word flapper with Indo-European stem that produced a number of words in Germanic languages. The cognate words of related languages reveal conformity of negative connotations determined by attitude to human weakness in different forms of its manifestations. This presumes historically determined negative connotation of the word flapper. The initial designation was motivated by kinetic characteristic of the object – a vertical movement. The meaning “a young and daring American girl of the 1920s” of the word flapper was semantically motivated. As it was stated, at the moment of designation, youth and immaturity of a girl were conceived of a fledgling image, that traditionally symbolizes inexperience of a youngster. This zoomorphic metaphor acts as the source of categorization of a cultural and social phenomenon “Flapper”. References Апресян Ю. Д. Избранные труды: Т. 1: Лексическая семантика. Синонимическиесредства языка. М.: Языки русской культуры, 1995.Apresyan, Yu. D. (1995). Izbrannyie Trudy: T.1. Leksicheskaya Semantika.Sinonimicheskie Sredstva Yazyka [Lexical Semantics. Synonymic Means of Language].Moscow: Yazyki Russkoy Kultury. Арутюнова Н. Д. Язык и мир человека. Часть IV: В сторону семиотики и стилистики.М.: Высшая школа, 1999.Arutyunova, N. D. (1999). Yazyk i Mir Cheloveka. P. IV: V Storonu Semiotiki i Stilistiki[Language and Human World. Part 4: Towards Semiotics and Stylistics]. Moscow:Vysshaya Shkola. Гумбольдт В. Избранные труды по языкознанию. М.: Прогресс, 1984.Humboldt, W. (1984). Izbrannyie Trudy po Yazyikoznaniyu [Selected Works inLinguistics]. Moscow: Progress. Jackson, F. (1998). From Metaphysics to Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Кифер Ф. О пресуппозициях / Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. М. : 1978, 337–353.Kiefer, F. (1978). O presuppozitsiyah [On Presuppositions]. In: Novoe v Zarubezhnoylingvistike. (337-353), T. M. Nikolayeva, Ed. Moscow: Progress. Laurence, S., Margolis, E. (2003). Concepts and Conceptual Analysis. Philosophy andPhenomenological Research, 67(2), 253–282. McRae, K.; Jones, M. Semantic Memory. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of CognitivePsychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 206–216. Ogden, C.K, Richards, I.A. (1952). The Meaning of meaning. In: A Study of the Influenceof Language upon Thought and of The Science of Symbolism. With Supplementary Essaysby B. Malinowski and F. G. Crookshank. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Partridge, E. (1938).The World of Words: An Introduction to Language in General and toEnglish and American in Particular. London: George Routledge & Sons. Пирс Ч.С. Избранные произведения. М.: Логос, 2000.Peirce, Ch. S. (2000). Izbrannyie Proizvedeniya [Selected Works]. Moscow: Logos. Потебня А. А. Из записок по русской грамматике. М.: Изд-во Мин-ва просвещенияРСФСР, 1958. Potebnya, A. A. (1958). Iz zapisok po Russkoy Grammatike [From the Notes on RussianGrammar]. Moscow: Ministry of Education of RSFSR. Quiles, C. A., Lopez-Menchero, F. (2009). Grammar of Modern Endo-European. IndoEuropean Language Association. Stalnaker, R. C. (1974). Pragmatic Presuppositions. In: Semantics and Philosophy. (pp.197-230). M. Munitz and P. Unger, (Eds.). N.Y.: New York University Press. Taylor, J. R. (2006). Polysemy and lexicon. In: Cognitive Linguistics: Current ApplicationsAnd Future Perspectives. (pp. 51-81), G. Kristiansen, M. Achard and R. Dirven (eds.).Berlin–New York: Monton de Gruyter. Телия В. Н. Коннотативный аспект семантики номинативных единиц. М.: Наука,1986.Teliya, V. N. (1986). Konnotativnyiy Aspekt Semantiki Nominativnyh Yedinits [ConnotativeAspect in the Meaning of Denotative Units]. Moscow: Nauka. Urban, W. M. (2013). Language and Reality. Philosophy of Language and the Principles ofSymbolism. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. Sources A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (1966). Vol. I. Dr.Ernest Klein. Barking, Essex: Elsevier Publishing Company. A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. (1937). E. Partidge. London:Routledge. Chamber’s Dictionary of Etymology. (1999). R. K. Barnhart, Ed. N.Y.: Wilson. Crawfurd, O. A. (1895). A Year of Sport and Natural History. Shooting, Hunting,Coursing, Falconry. London: Chapman and Hall. Retrieved from:https://ia600205.us.archive.org/2/items/cu31924022547263/cu31924022547263.pdf Dalzell, T. (1996). Flappers to Rappers. American Youth Slang. Springfield,Massachusetts: Merriam Webster. Das großen Wörterbuch den Sprach in 10 Bänden, Band 3. (1999). Leipzig–Wien–Zürich:Dudenverlag, Mannheim. Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jakob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm (Nachdruck derErstausgabe 1862). (1999). Band 3. München: Lizenzausgabe des Deutschen TashenbuchVerlages. Duden Deutsches Universal Wörterbuch. (2001). Leipzig–Wien–Zürich: Dudenverlag,Mannheim. Голландско-русский словарь. Под общ. руководством С. А. Миронова. М.: Гос.изд-во ин. и нац. словарей, 1954 Gollandsko-russkiy slovar [Dutch-Russian Dictionary]. (1954). Pod obsch. rukovodstvomS. A. Mironova. M. : Gos. izd-vo in. i nats. Slovarey. Green, R. (1970). The Revels Plays. James the IV. Ed. by N. Sandlers. Welwyn GardenCity, Herts: The Broad Water Press. Indogermanisches Etymologishes Woerterbuch. (1959). Julius Pokorny, (ed). BandI. Bern: Francke. Manipulus Vocabulorum: a Rhyming Dictionary of the English Language. (2001).Ed. H. B. Wheatley. Elibron Classics book a facsimile reprint of a 1867 edition by N. Trübner& Co. London: Adamant Media Corporation. Maugham, W. S. (2007). Of Human Bondage. Winnetka, CA: Norilana. Норвежско-русский словарь. Сост. В. Д. Аракин. М.: Гос. изд-во ин. и нац.словарей, 1963

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Andresen, Ulf. « Case Law Note : Arm’s Length Net Income for German Withholding Tax and Tax Declaration Purposes ». Intertax 48, Issue 8/9 (1 août 2020) : 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020081.

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One hundred years after its creation in 1920, (DE: section 49 (1) no. 6 had originally been created as section 2 no. 2 of the ITA 1920; its content had been moved to the current section 49 in 1934: see M. Stöber, W. Anissimov, I. Heß, G. Hiller, T. Kaligin, J-P. Naujok, section 49, no. 1902 in: Income Tax Act, Commentary, (F. Lademann ed. Publisher, 2020; formerly commented on by Jü. Lüdicke). ) section 49 (1) no. 6 and its 1994 derivative no. 2f Income Tax Act (ITA) are becoming the focal point of a heated discussion, primarily among US headquartered multinationals. The reason for this development is that the Big Four, as their auditors, are forcing their audit clients to build reserves for the potential application of sec. 49 (1) no. 6/no. 2f ITA.( For years after 2005, DE: section 49 (1) no. 2f ITA is the only applicable provision as it reflects the change in scope of DE: section 8 (2) Corporation Tax Act to only assume a business activity by nature of a corporate body if such corporate body was subject to unlimited tax liability in Germany. ) The reason is that this provision may apply to a specific type of cross-border intra-group transaction into which US headquartered multinationals have entered. Transactions in scope are the sale or licensing of intellectual property that a larger number of US multinationals have entered into in the aftermath of the introduction of the BEPS measures to the extent that they have a German nexus.(OECD, Final Reports on Actions 1 through 15, OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project, (OECD Publishing, 2015), https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-actions/ (accessed 28 May 2020). These measures have been translated into national tax provisions, e.g. the German ATAD Transformation Act, Bill as of 24 Mar. 2020, and treaty provisions through the OECD, Multilateral Convention to implement Tax Treaty related Measures to prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (OECD Publishing, 2016) (Multilateral Instrument or MLI), available at, https://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-mea sures-to-prevent-beps.htm (accessed 28 May 2020)). Limited tax liability, withholding tax, Germany transfer pricing, taxation at source sale, transfer of intellectual property (IP), licensing of IP, intellectual property, cost plus method, routine patent/trademark registration services.

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KITLV, Redactie. « Book Reviews ». New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 78, n^o 3-4 (1 janvier 2004) : 305–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002515.

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-Bill Maurer, Mimi Sheller, Consuming the Caribbean: From Arawaks to Zombies. New York: Routledge, 2003. ix + 252 pp.-Norman E. Whitten, Jr., Richard Price ,The root of roots: Or, how Afro-American anthropology got its start. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press/University of Chicago Press, 2003. 91 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Holly Snyder, Paolo Bernardini ,The Jews and the expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001. xv + 567 pp., Norman Fiering (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Seymour Drescher, The mighty experiment: Free labor versus slavery in British emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 307 pp.-Jean Besson, Kathleen E.A. Monteith ,Jamaica in slavery and freedom: History, heritage and culture. Kingston; University of the West Indies Press, 2002. xx + 391 pp., Glen Richards (eds)-Michaeline A. Crichlow, Jean Besson, Martha Brae's two histories: European expansion and Caribbean culture-building in Jamaica. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. xxxi + 393 pp.-Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, Joseph C. Dorsey, Slave traffic in the age of abolition: Puerto Rico, West Africa, and the Non-Hispanic Caribbean, 1815-1859. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. xvii + 311 pp.-Arnold R. Highfield, Erik Gobel, A guide to sources for the history of the Danish West Indies (U.S. Virgin Islands), 1671-1917. Denmark: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2002. 350 pp.-Sue Peabody, David Patrick Geggus, Haitian revolutionary studies. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002. xii + 334 pp.-Gerdès Fleurant, Elizabeth McAlister, Rara! Vodou, power, and performance in Haiti and its Diaspora. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xviii + 259 pp. and CD demo.-Michiel Baud, Ernesto Sagás ,The Dominican people: A documentary history. Princeton NJ: Marcus Wiener, 2003. xiii + 278 pp., Orlando Inoa (eds)-Samuel Martínez, Richard Lee Turits, Foundations of despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo regime, and modernity in Dominican history. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2003. x + 384 pp.-Eric Paul Roorda, Bernardo Vega, Almoina, Galíndez y otros crímenes de Trujillo en el extranjero. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 2001. 147 pp.''Diario de una misión en Washington. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 2002. 526 pp.-Gerben Nooteboom, Aspha Bijnaar, Kasmoni: Een spaartraditie in Suriname en Nederland. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 2002. 378 pp.-Dirk H.A. Kolff, Chan E.S. Choenni ,Hindostanen: Van Brits-Indische emigranten via Suriname tot burgers van Nederland. The Hague: Communicatiebureau Sampreshan, 2003. 224 pp., Kanta Sh. Adhin (eds)-Dirk H.A. Kolff, Sandew Hira, Het dagboek van Munshi Rahman Khan. The Hague: Amrit/Paramaribo: NSHI, 2003. x + 370 pp.-William H. Fisher, Neil L. Whitehead, Dark Shamans: Kanaimà and the poetics of violent death. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2002. 309 pp.-David Scott, A.J. Simoes da Silva, The luxury of nationalist despair: George Lamming's fiction as decolonizing project. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2000. 217 pp.-Lyn Innes, Maria Cristina Fumagalli, The flight of the vernacular. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001. xvi + 303 pp.-Maria Cristina Fumagalli, Tobias Döring, Caribbean-English passages: Intertextuality in a postcolonial tradition. London: Routledge, 2002. xii + 236 pp.-A. James Arnold, Celia Britton, Race and the unconscious: Freudianism in French Caribbean thought. Oxford: Legenda, 2002. 115 pp.-Nicole Roberts, Dorothy E. Mosby, Place, language, and identity in Afro-Costa Rican literature. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003. xiii + 248 pp.-Stephen Steumpfle, Philip W. Scher, Carnival and the formation of a Caribbean transnation. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. xvi + 215 pp.-Peter Manuel, Frances R. Aparicho ,Musical migrations: transnationalism and cultural hybridity in Latin/o America, Volume 1. With Maria Elena Cepeda. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 216 pp., Candida F. Jaquez (eds)-Jorge Pérez Rolón, Maya Roy, Cuban Music. London: Latin America Bureau/Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2002. ix + 246 pp.-Bettina M. Migge, Gary C. Fouse, The story of Papiamentu: A study in slavery and language. Lanham MD: University Press of America, 2002. x + 261 pp.-John M. McWhorter, Bettina Migge, Creole formation as language contact: the case of the Suriname creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2003. xii + 151 pp.

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KITLV, Redactie. « Book Reviews ». New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 61, n^o 1-2 (1 janvier 1987) : 55–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002056.

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-Sidney W. Mintz, Mats Lundahl, The Haitian economy: man, land and markets. New York: St. Martins Press, 1983. 290 pp.-Regine Altagrace Latortue, Léon-Francois Hoffmann, Essays on Haitian Literature. Washington D.C.: Three Continents Press, 1984. 184 pp.-Robert Forster, Lieutenant Howard, The Haitian journal of lieutenant Howard, York Hussars, 1796-1798. Edited with an introduction by Roger Norman Buckley. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985. liv + 194.-David Bray, Bernardo Vega, Los Estados Unidos y Trujillo, año 1930. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicano, 1986. 2 vols. xi + 1120 pp.-David Bray, Bernardo Vega, Los Estados Unidos y Trujillo, año 1947. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1984. 2 vols. xi + 1018 pp.-David Bray, Bernardo Vega, Nazismo, fascismo y falangismo en la Republica Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1985. 415 pp.-Tony Thorndike, Bruce J. Calder, The impact of intervention: The Dominican Republic during the US occupation of 1916-1924. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984. 358 pp.-Marcella M. Little, Jacques Barbier ,The North American role in the Spanish imperial economy 1760-1819. Manchester, England, 1984: Manchester University Press. pp. 232., Allan J. Kuethe (eds)-Janette Forte, Peter Riviere, Individual and society in Guiana: a comparative study of Amerindian social organisation. Cambridge, London, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 127 pp.-Stephen D. Glazier, Jay D. Dobbin, The Jombee dance of Montserrat: a study of trance ritual in the West Indies. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1986. 202 pp.-Robert J. Stewart, Stephen D. Glazier, Marchin' the Pilgrims home: leadership and decision-making in an Afro-Caribbean faith. Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press, 1983. xv + 165 pp.-Sidney M. Greenfield, Karen Fog Olwig, Cultural adaptation and resistance on St. John: three centuries of Afro-Caribbean life. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1985. xii + 226 pp.-Adam Kendon, William Washabaugh, Five fingers for survival. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, Inc., 1986. xiv + 198 pp.-Evelyne T. Menard, Carnot (F. Moloen), Alors ma chére...Propos d'un musicien guadeloupéen recueillis et traduits par Marie-Céline Lafontaine. Paris: Editions Caribéennes, 1986. 159 pp.-Sally Price, Suzanne Slesin ,Caribbean style. Authors include Daniel Rozensztroch. Photographs by Gilles de Chabaneix. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1985. 290 pp., Stafford Cliff, Jack Berthelot (eds)-Allison Blakely, Gert Oostindie ,In het land van de overheerser. Deel II. Antillianen en Surinamers in Nederland, 1634/1667-1954. Dordrecht (Holland) and Providence RI (U.S.A.): Foris Publications, 1986. xi + 255 pp., Emy Maduro (eds)-Rosemarijn Hoefte, E. van de Boogaart ,Overzee: Nederlandse koloniale geschiedenis, 1590-1975. Haarlem: Fibula-van Dishoek, 1982. 291 pp., P.J. Drooglever et al (eds)-Frederick J. Conway, P.I. Gomes, Rural development in the Caribbean. London: C. Hurst and Company. New York: St. Martins Press, 1985. xxi + 246 pp.-Steve M. Slaby, Charles Edquist, Capitalism, socialism and technology: a comparative study of Cuba and Jamaica. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1985. xiii + 182 pp.-Joan D. Mandle, June Nash ,Women and social change in Latin America. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin and Garvey Publishers, 1986. 372 pp., Helen Safa (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, Michael L. Conniff, Black labor on a white canal: Panama, 1904-1981. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985. xv + 221 pp.-Brackette F. Williams, Stephen Glazier, Caribbean ethnicity revisited. A special edition of Ethnic Groups, International periodical of ethnic studies. New York, London, Paris, Montreaux, Tokyo: Gordon Breach Science Publishers, 1985. 164 pp.-Gert J. Oostindie, Frauke Gewecke, Die Karibik; zur Geschichte, Politik und Kultur einer Region. Frankfurt/M: Verlag Klaus Dieter Vervuert 1984. 165 pp.

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Koshias, Andreas, Emma Gray, Graeme Currie et Jennifer Cleland. « 28 Do not attempt resuscitation : university of aberdeen student perspectives ». BMJ Supportive & ; Palliative Care 7, n^o 3 (septembre 2017) : A357.2—A358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-001407.28.

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IntroductionDo Not Attempt Resuscitation Orders(DNAR) and their contemporary counterparts are cornerstones of End of Life care and as such, of importance within medical education. Previous research indicates the need for a better understanding of patient and physicians perceptions of DNAR topics.Aims and methodsThe objective of the study was to explore medical students(MS) and non-medical students perspectives on DNAR discussions(DNARD), and explore any differences. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study. MS and Education students(ES) were asked how they felt regarding DNARD taking place in 5 scenarios, a number of questions regarding previous experience, knowledge of DNARD, future preferences, and basic demographics.ResultsThe number of valid respondents was 601 (375[MS],226[ES]) representing a response rate of over 70%. There were statistically significant differences between MS and ES in the presented clinical scenarios and future preferences. Ranking of clinical scenarios, highest agreement to lowest, for DNARD to take place were: before surgery, when critically ill, at a GP appointment, on admission to hospital, at an outpatient appointment. Statistically significant demographic differences were also found: 93% of MS having heard of DNAR previously as compared to 59% of ES. Both groups held the view that a DNARD would be beneficial for them in the future but that they should have the final decision regarding DNAR.ConclusionMS and ES were found to hold differing views regarding DNARD in scenario preferences and personal future preferences. However, the majority of both groups felt that DNARD would be beneficial to them in the future.References. Mary Catherine Beach, R Sean Morrison. The Effect of Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders on Physician Decision-Making.Ethics, public policy, and medical economics2002;50:2057–206.. Cathy Charles, Tim Whelan, Amiram Gafni. What do we mean by partnership in making decisions about treatment?BMJ1999;319:780.. James Downar, Tracy Luk, Robert W Sibbald, Tatiana Santini, Joseph Mikhael, Hershl Berman, Laura. Why Do Patients Agree to a “Do Not Resuscitate” or “Full Code” Order? Perspectives of Medical Inpatients. Journal of internal medicine2011;26(6):582–587.. Thomas H. Gallagher, Steven Z. Pantilat, Bernard Lo & Maxine A. Papadakis (1999) Teaching Medical Students to Discuss Advance Directives: A Standardised Patient Curriculum, Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 11:3, 142–147, DOI: 10.1207/S15328015TL110304. Paul Garrud. (2011). Who applies and who gets admitted to UK graduate entry medicine? - an analysis of UK admission statistics. BMC Medical Education. 11:71.. General Medical Council. (2013). Chapter1: The changing shape of the profession and medical education. In:The state of medical education and practice in the UK report: 2013. General Medical Council. 32.. GMC, 2010. End of life treatment and care: Good practice in decision-making. Specifically paragraphs 11, 132 and 134. Can be accessed at: http://www.gmcuk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance/end_of_life_care.asp. Todd E. Gorman, MD, FRCP(C), Ste'phane P. Ahern, MD, FRCP(C), Jeffrey Wiseman, MD, FRCP(C), MA, and Yoanna Skrobik, MD, FRCP(C). (2005). Residents’ End-of-Life Decision Making with Adult Hospitalised Patients: A Review of the Literature. Academic Medicine. 80 (7), 622–633.. Gorton, A.J., Jayanthi, N.V.G., Lepping, P., Scriven, M.W., 2008. Patients’ attitudes towards “do not attempt resuscitation” status.J Med Ethics. Vol 34; 624–626.. W. Hafferty, Joseph F. O’Donnell (2015).The Hidden Curriculum in Health Professional Education. United States of America: Dartmouth College Press. 5.. Karen Hancock, Josephine M Clayton, Sharon M Parker, Sharon Wal der, Phyllis N Butow, Sue Carrick, David Currow, Davina Ghersi, Paul Glare, Rebecca Hagerty, Martin HN Tattersall . (2007). Truth-telling in discussing prognosis in advanced life-limiting illnesses: a systematic review.Palliative Medicine. 21 , 507–517.. Jan C. Hofmann, Neil S. Wenger, Roger B. Davis, Joan Teno, Alfred F. Connors, Norman Desbiens, Joanne Lynn, Russell S. Phillips. (1997). Patient Preferences for Communication with Physicians about End-of-Life Decisions .Annals of Internal Medicine. 1 July 1997.. NHS Scotland. (2016).NHSScotland.Available: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Health/About/NHS-Scotland. Last accessed 25th Nov 2016.. NRS: National Records of Scotland. (2013).Religion, Scotland, 2001 and 2011.Available: http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbtable7.pdf. Last accessed 25th Nov 2016. ONS: Office for National Statistics. (2011).Full story: What does the Census tell us about religion in 2011?.Available: http://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/articles/fullstorywhatdoesthecensustellusaboutreligionin2011/2013-05-16. Last accessed 25th Nov 2016.. Stephen R. Porter and Michael E. Whitcomb. (2005). NON-RESPONSE IN STUDENT SURVEYS: The Role of Demographics, Engagement and Personality.Research in Higher Education. 46 (2).. Amy Sanderson, David Zurakowski, Joanne Wolfe. (2013). Clinician Perspectives Regarding the Do-Not-Resuscitate Order.JAMA paediatrics. 167 (10), 954–958.. Scottish Government, 2010. Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR): Integrated Adult Policy. Reviewed 2015. Can be accessed at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Health/Quality-sImprovement-Performance/peolc/DNACPR. Clive Seale. (2010). The role of doctors’ religious faith and ethnicity in taking ethically controversial decisions during end-of-life care.Journal of Medical Ethics. doi:10.1136/jme.2010.036194.. C O Sham, Y W Cheng, K W Ho, P H Lai, L W Lo, H L Wan, C Y Wong, Y N Yeung, S H Yuen, A Y C Wong. (2007). Do-not-resuscitate decision: the attitudes of medical and non medical students.Clinical Ethics. 33 (5), 261–265.. UKMCRG: UK Medical Careers Research Group (2001).1999 cohort of UK Medical Graduates: Report of First Survey. Oxford: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oxford. 14.. Jacqueline K. Yuen, M. Carrington Reid, and Michael D. Fetters. (2011). Hospital Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders: Why They Have Failed and How to Fix Them.Journal of General Internal Medicine. 26 (7), 791–797.. Rocksheng Zhong, Joshua Knobe, PhD, Neal Feigenson, JD, and Mark R. Mercurio, MD, MA. (2011). Age and Disability Biases in Paediatric Resuscitation Among Future Physicians.Clinical Paediatrics., 1–4.

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Helliwell, P., P. Rahman, A. Deodhar, A. Kollmeier, E. C. Hsia, B. Zhou, X. Lin, C. Han et P. J. Mease. « SAT0421 GUSELKUMAB DEMONSTRATED AN INDEPENDENT TREATMENT EFFECT ON FATIGUE AFTER ADJUSTMENT FOR CLINICAL RESPONSE (ACR20) IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS : RESULTS FROM PHASE-3 TRIALS DISCOVER 1 & ; 2 ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (juin 2020) : 1164.2–1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.401.

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Background:DISCOVER 1 and 2 are phase-3 trials of guselkumab (GUS, a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds the p19-subunit of IL-23) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In both trials, treatment with GUS led to significantly more improvement than placebo (PBO) in the primary endpoint (ACR20) as well as in other measures of arthritis and psoriasis at week (W) 24.1,2Objectives:To evaluate the effect of GUS on fatigue in DISC 1 & 2 using the patient reported outcome (PRO) FACIT-Fatigue, which has demonstrated content validity and strong psychometric properties in clinical trials.3Methods:DISC 1 & 2 enrolled patients with active PsA, despite nonbiologic DMARDS and/or NSAIDS, who were mostly biologic naïve except for ~30% of patients in DISC 1 who had received 1-2 TNFi. Patients were randomized (1:1:1) in a blinded fashion to subcutaneous GUS 100 mg at W0 and W4 then every (q) 8W, to GUS 100 mg q4W, or to matching PBO. Concomitant treatment with select non-biologic DMARDS, oral corticosteroids, and NSAIDs was allowed. The FACIT-Fatigue is a 13-item PRO instrument assessing fatigue and its impact on daily activities and function over the past seven days, with a total score ranging from 0 to 52, higher score denoting less fatigue. A change of ≥4 points is identified as clinically meaningful.3Change from baseline in FACIT-Fatigue was analyzed using MMRM (Figure). Independence of treatment effect on FACIT-Fatigue from effect on ACR20 was assessed using Mediation Analysis4(Table) to estimate the natural direct effect (NDE) and natural indirect effect (NIE) mediated by ACR20 response.Results:At baseline in DISC 1 & 2, the mean FACIT-fatigue scores (SD) were 30.4 (10.4) and 29.7 (9.7), respectively, indicating moderate to severe fatigue. In both DISCOVER 1 & 2 trials, treatment with GUS led to improvements in FACIT-Fatigue scores compared with PBO as early as W8 (Figure). 54%-63% of GUS patients compared with 35%-46% of PBO patients achieved clinically meaningful improvement (≥4 points) in FACIT-Fatigue (P≤0.003). Mediation analysis revealed that the independent treatment effects on fatigue after adjustment for ACR20 response (Natural Direct Effect [NDE], Table) were 12-36% in the q8W GUS dosing group and 69% -70% in the q4W GUS group.Conclusion:In 2 phase-3 trials, treatment with GUS of patients with active PsA led to significant improvements compared to PBO in fatigue, including substantial effects on FACIT-Fatigue that were independent of the effects on ACR 20, especially for the q4W dosing group.References:[1]Deodhar et al. ACR 2019. Abstract #807. Arthr Rheumatol. 2019;71 S10: 1386[2]Mease et al. ACR 2019. Abstract # L13. Arthr Rheumatol. 2019;71 S10:5247[3]Cella et al. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. 2019;3:30[4]Valeri et al. Psychologic Meth. 2013;18:137Table.Mediation Analysis of the Effect of ACR 20 Response on Change from Baseline in FACIT-Fatigue Score at Week 24EffectGUS 100 mg q8W vs. PBOEstimate (95% CI)GUS 100 mg q4W vs. PBOEstimate (95% CI)DISCOVER 1NDE0.36 (-1.7, 2.4)2.60 (0.6, 4.5)*NIE2.75 (1.4, 4.3)*1.20 (0.3, 2.3)*Total Effect3.12 (1.0, 5.2)*3.79 (1.9, 5.4)*Proportion Independent11.7%68.5%Proportion Mediated88.3%31.5%DISCOVER 2NDE1.44 (-0.1, 3.0)2.49 (1.0, 4.1)*NIE2.53 (1.6, 3.6)*1.09 (0.4, 1.9)*Total Effect3.97 (2.4, 5.5)*3.58 (2.1, 5.0)*Proportion Independent36.3%69.7%Proportion Mediated63.7%30.3%*P vs placebo<0.02NDE=Natural Direct Effect (effect on FACIT-F beyond effect on ACR20), NIE=Natural Indirect Effect (effect on FACIT-F mediated by ACR20)Mediation analysis4used linear and logistics regression models with Bootstrapping methodAcknowledgments:NoneDisclosure of Interests:Philip Helliwell: None declared, Proton Rahman Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Consultant of: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Atul Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Alexa Kollmeier Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Elizabeth C Hsia Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Bei Zhou Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Xiwu Lin Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Chenglong Han Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Philip J Mease Grant/research support from: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical, UCB – grant/research support, Consultant of: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical, UCB – consultant, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB – speakers bureau

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Brcathnach, Proinnsias, James G. Cruickshank, M. B. Quigley, Anngret Simms, Stu Daultrey, K. M. Barbour, James E. Killen et al. « Reviews of Books and Maps ». Irish Geography 14, n^o 1 (22 décembre 2016) : 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1981.788.

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IRELAND IN THE YEAR 2000. Dublin: An Foras Forbanha, 1980. 82 pp. IR£2.50.THE PEATLANDS OF IRELAND: TO ACCOMPANY NEW PEATLAND MAP OF IRELAND, by R. F. Hammond. Dublin: An Foras Taluntais, Soil Survey Bulletin No. 35. 1979. 58 pp. IR£2.50.PROVISIONAL DISTRIBUTION ATLAS OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS IN IRELAND, edited by Eanna Ni Lamhna. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, second edition, 1979. 76 pp. IRfl.OO.IRISH NATURE, by Norman Hickin. Dublin: O'Brien Press, 1980. 240 pp. IR£11.50.HORSE BREEDING IN IRELAND, by Colin Lewis. London: J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd., 1980. 232 pp. £12.50 stg.TRANSPORT POLICY, by C. D. Foster, T.J. Powell and D.J, Parish. National Economic and Social Council Report Number 48. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1979. 161 pp. IR£1.80.LE ROYAUME-UNI ET LA RÉPUBLIQUE D'IRLANDE, by Annie Reffay. Paris: Masson. 1979. 264 pp. No price stated.IRELAND FROM MAPS. Dublin: National Library of Ireland. Facsimile Documents (sixteen maps and a 20 pp. booklet). 1980. IR£2.00.MEDIEVAL IRISH SETTLEMENT: A REVIEW, by B. J . Graham. Norwich: Ceo Books. Historical Geography Research Series No 3, 1980. 53 pp. £1.00 stg.IRISH MIDLAND STUDIES: ESSAYS IN COMMEMORATION OF N.W. ENGLISH, edited by Harman Murtagh. Athlone: The Old Alhlone Society, 1980. 255 pp. IR£9.00.FASSADININ: LAND, SETTLEMENT AND SOCIETY IN SOUTH EAST IRELAND 1600–1850, by William Nolan, Dublin: Geography Publications, 1979. 259 pp. IR£9.00.THE SOUTH WEXFORD LANDSCAPE, by Edward Culleton. Published by the author 1980. 56 pp. IR£1.10.SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN INTRA-ORGANISATIONAL RETAIL PRICES, by A. J. Parker. Dublin: Department of Geography, University College, 1980. 77 pp. IR£2.50.DIGGING UP DUBLIN, edited by Nicholas C. Maxwell. Dublin: O'Brien Press, 1980. 64 pp. IR£2.75.A COMMUNITY UNDER SIEGE 1970–77, by R. Common. Belfast: Renewal Design and Print, no date. 66 pp. £1.25 stg.MONEYMORE AND DRAPERSTOWN: THE ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING OF THE ESTATES OF THE DRAPERS' COMPANY IN ULSTER, by J. T. Curl Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society. 1979. 72 pp. £4.00 stg.A WALK THROUGH TULLAMORE, by M. Byrne. Tullamore: Esker Press, 1980. 65 pp. IR£1.00.KINSALE: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, by W. Garner. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha. 1980. 90 pp. IR£1.90.IRISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha. Vol. 1, No. 1. 1980. 84 pp. IR£2.00.MAP REVIEWSTHE ARAN ISLANDS, a map and guide, 2.2 inches to the mile. Drawn and published by T. D. Robinson, Kilronan, Aran. 1980. On paper, folded and covered, IR£1.20.GREATER BELFAST STREET MAP, 1:10,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland. 1980. On paper, folded and covered, with index. £1.75 stg.1:50,000 MAP OF NORTHERN IRELAND. Sheets 4 (Coleraine), 8 (Ballymoney), 15 (Belfast). Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1980. On paper, folded with plastic container. £1.20 stg each.

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Gauthier, N. A. Ward, et B. Amsden. « First Report of QoI-Resistant Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) of Grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Vidal Blanc) in Kentucky ». Plant Disease 98, n^o 2 (février 2014) : 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-12-1020-pdn.

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Fungicides in the quinone outside inhibitor class (QoI, also referred to as strobilurins, FRAC group 11) are relied upon for management of a wide range of diseases, including anthracnose, black rot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew on grape. In June 2012, a grape grower from Anderson County in central Kentucky reported a planting of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Vidal Blanc) with 90% downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) incidence that would not respond to applications of the QoI fungicide Abound 2.08F (22.9% azoxystrobin, Syngenta Crop) or the QoI-containing fungicide Pristine (12.8% pyraclostrobin + 25.2% boscalid, BASF Corporation). Symptoms included yellow irregular lesions or brownish red angular lesions with necrosis on upper sides of leaves. Undersides of leaves contained dense white sporulation. The grower confirmed usage of 4 to 5 applications each of Abound and Pristine fungicides between 2011 and 2012, which exceeded the maximum number of applications allowed per season, as expressed on individual labels. Samples were collected from throughout the 0.4-ha vineyard, and the pathogen was identified as Plasmopara viticola based on morphology of sporangia and sporangiophores (2). Fungicide sensitivity was determined using methods published by Wong and Wilcox (3). Leaves were selected from the 3rd to 6th leaf position from disease-free plants. Nine-millimeter leaf discs were surface disinfested and treated with fungicide concentrations ranging from one-half of the lowest labeled rate to twice the highest label rate (850, 170, 270, and 540 mg/l azoxystrobin and 40, 80, 120, and 240 mg/l pyraclostrobin). Leaf discs were inoculated by placing 10-μl droplets of sporangial suspensions (1 × 104 sporangia per ml) and then incubated at room temperature (22 to 24°C) under fluorescent lights with a 12-h photoperiod (1,3). Dense white fungal growth developed within 10 days; discs treated with water did not develop signs of disease. Fungicide sensitivity was evaluated by determination of the effective concentration (EC50) (3). Leaf discs were examined under a dissecting microscope after 14 days to determine presence of fungal growth; those with visible sporangia and/or sporangiophores were considered diseased. Resulting EC50 concentrations were 420 and 390 mg a.i./l for Abound (azoxystrobin) and Pristine (pyraclostrobin), respectively. This was higher than EC50 ranges of resistant isolates reported by Baudoin et al. (100 and 25 mg/l for azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, respectively) (1). Additionally, ranges were higher than EC50 values of isolates not exposed to QoI fungicides reported by Baudoin et al. (1) and higher (14× and 39×, respectively) than those previously determined from P. viticola from Kentucky that were not exposed to QoI fungicides (Ward, unpublished). These EC50 ranges were also much higher than recommended label application rates, which ranged from 170 to 270 mg a.i./l for Abound and from 80 to 120 mg a.i./l for Pristine. Results indicated that P. viticola from this vineyard became insensitive to the fungicides Abound and Pristine. This will lead to future fungicide failures and increased incidences of downy mildew in vineyards. Although QoI-resistant P. viticola has been reported in Europe and elsewhere in the United States, this is the first documented report of QoI-resistant P. viticola in Kentucky. A complete survey is necessary to determine whether this phenomenon is widespread within the state. References: (1) A. Baudoin et al. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-0211-02-RS, 2008. (2) R. C. Pearson and A. C. Goheen, eds. Compendium of Grape Diseases, 4th ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1998. (3) F. P. Wong and W. F. Wilcox. Plant Dis. 84: 275, 2000.

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Troncoso Espinosa, Fredy Humberto, et Nicolás Esteban Fernández Rozas. « Limpieza, corrección y geocodificación de grandes bases de direcciones utilizando minería de texto ». Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, n^o 109 (3 juin 2021) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i109.451.

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Para la georreferenciación de un gran número de direcciones, es necesaria la previa geocodificación mediante sistemas de carácter público o privado. La geocodificación no es una ciencia exacta porque las direcciones generalmente son escritas y almacenadas por personas, lo que provoca diferentes problemas de precisión en el registro, como errores ortográficos, datos innecesarios o falta de datos mínimos. Para enfrentar este problema, en este artículo se describe una metodología que limpia y corrige las direcciones optimizando el proceso de geocodificación utilizando los sistemas existentes. Para su desarrollo se utiliza el proceso Knowledge Discovery in Text (KDT). La metodología se aplica a una base de datos de direcciones de hechos delictivos proporcionada por la unidad de análisis penal de la Fiscalía Regional del Biobío, Chile. Los resultados muestran un aumento en el número de geocodificaciones de los sistemas implementados, que varía según el sistema utilizado. Palabras Clave: Georreferenciación, Geocodificación, Minería de Texto. Referencias [1]C. Davis y F. Fonseca, «Assessing the Certainty of Locations Produced by an Address Geocoding System,» Geoinformatica, vol. 11, pp. 103-129, 2007. [2]L. Hill, «Georeferencing in Digital Libraries,» D-Lib Magazine, vol. 10, nº 5, 2004. [3]J. Pontón y A. Santillán, «Seguridad Ciudadana: escenarios y efectos,» 2008. [4]D. W. Goldberg, «Spatial approaches to reducing error in geocoded data,» 2010. [5]D.-H. Yang, L. M. Bilaver, O. Hayes y R. Goerge, «Improving Geocoding Practices: Evaluation of Geocoding Tools,» Journal of Medical Systems, vol. 28, pp. 361-370, 2004. [6]T. Ah-Hwee, «Text mining: The state of the art and the challenges,» de PAKDD’99 workshop on Knowledge Discovery from Advanced Databases, Beijing, 1999. [7]R. Feldman y I. Dagan, «Knowledge discovery in textual databases,» de First International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-95), 1995. [8]M. d. C Justicia de la Torre , «Nuevas Tecnicas de Mineria de Textos: Aplicaciones,» Granada, 2017. [9]M. Lutz, Programming Python, vol. 2, O'reilly & Associates, 2001, pp. 1-10. [10]W. McKinney, Python For Dara Analysis, O'Reilly, 2012, pp. 111-152. [11]E. Ukkonen, «Algorithms for Approximate String Matching,» de International Conference on Foundations of Computation Theory, 1985. [12]M. A. Alvarez Carmona, «Deteccion de similitud en textos cortos considerando traslape, ordeny relacion semantica de palabras,» Tonantzintla, Puebla, 2014. [13]V. I. Levenshtein, «Binary Codes Capble Of Correcting Deletions, Insertions, and Reversals,» Soviet Physics Doklady, vol. 10, p. 707, 2 February 1966. [14]Google, «Google Maps Plataform,» 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/geocoding?hl=es-419. [Último acceso: 29 Julio 2020]. [15]Mapquest, «Mapquest Developer,» 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://developer.mapquest.com/. [Último acceso: 25 Julio 2020]. [16]Microsoft Corporation, «Bing Maps Dev Center,» 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://www.bingmapsportal.com/. [Último acceso: 29 Julio 2020]. [17]Open Street Map Wiki, 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Último acceso:29 Julio 2020]. [18]OpenAdrdresses, «OpenAdrdresses,» 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://openaddresses.io/. [Último acceso: 25 Julio 2020]. [19]OpenCage Geocoder, 2020. [En línea]. Disponible: https://opencagedata.com/. [Último acceso: 29 Julio 2020]. [20]Yahoo, «Yahoo Developer,» 2016. [En línea]. Disponible:https://developer.yahoo.com/. [Último acceso: 14 Agosto 2020]. [21]K. Jordahl, J. Van Den Bossche y J. Wasserman, «Geopandas/Geopandas: V0. 4.1. Zenodo,» 2020.

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Grahame, J. A. K., R. A. Butlin, James G. Cruickshank, E. A. Colhoun, A. Farrington, Gordon L. Davies, I. E. Jones et al. « Reviews of Books ». Irish Geography 5, n^o 2 (4 janvier 2017) : 106–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1965.1015.

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NORTHERN IRELAND FROM THE AIR. Edited by R. Common, Belfast : Queen's University Geography Department, 1964. 104 pp., 44 plates, 1 folding map. 10 × 8 ins. 25s.THE CANALS OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND, by W. A. McCutcheon. Dawlish : David and Charles, and London : Macdonald and Co., 1965. 180 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/4 in. 36s.ULSTER AND OTHER IRISH MAPS c.1600. Edited by G. A. Hayes‐McCoy. Dublin : Irish Manuscripts Commission, 1964. 13 × 19 in. xv + 36 pp., 23. plates. £ 6.SOILS OF COUNTY WEXFORD. Edited by P. Ryan and M. J. Gardiner. Prepared and published by An Foras Talúntais (The Agricultural Institute), Dublin 1964. 171 pp. and three fold‐in maps. 30s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOIL, by Brian T. Bunting. London : Hutchinson's University Library, 1965. pp. 213. 14 figs. 12 tables. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 15s.THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF LANDFORMS. Vol. I : GEOMORPHOLOGY BEFORE DAVIS. Richard J. Chorley, Anthony J. Dunn and Robert P. Beckinsale. London : Methuen, 1964. 678 pp. 84s.A DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, by F. J. Monkhouse. London : Edward. Arnold Ltd., 1965. 344 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 35s.LA REGION DE L'OUEST, by Pierre Flatrès. Collection ‘France de Demain ‘. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1964. 31s. 6d.THE BRITISH ISLES : A SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY. Edited by J. Wreford Watson and J. B. Sissons. Edinburgh : Thomas Nelson, 1964. 452 pp. 45s.SCANDINAVIAN LANDS, by Roy Millward. London : Macmillan, 1964. Pp. 448. 9 × 6 in. 45s.MERSEYSIDE, by R. Kay Gresswell and R. Lawton. British Landscapes Through Maps, No. 6. The Geographical Association, Sheffield, 1964. 36 pp. + 16 plates. 7 1/2 × 9 1/2 in. 5s.WALKING IN WICKLOW, by J. B. Malone. Dublin : Helicon Ltd., 1964. 172 pp. 7 × 4 #fr1/2> in. 7s.GREYSTONES 1864–1964. A parish centenary, 1964. 23 pp. 8 #fr1/4> × 5 1/2 in. 2s. 6d. Obtainable from the A.P.C.K., 37 Dawson Street, Dublin 2.DINNSEANCHAS. Vol. I, No. I. June 1964. An Cumann Logainmneacha, Baile Atha Cliath. Pp. 24. 5s.JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS OF IRELAND. Vol. I, Dublin. 1964.MAP READING FOR THE INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATE, by Michael J. Turner. A. Folens : Dublin. 1964. 92 pp.MAP OF CORK CITY, 1: 15,000. Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office, 1964. 32 × 24 in. On paper, flat, 4s., or folded and covered, 5s.IRELAND, by T. W. Freeman. London : Methuen & Co. Ltd. Third edition, 1965. 5 1/2 × 8 #fr1/2> in. Pp. xx + 560. 65s.THE PLANNING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUBLIN REGION. PRELIMINARY REPORT. By Myles Wright. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1965. Pp.55. 8 ins. × 11 3/4 ins. 10s 6d.LIMERICK REGIONAL PLAN. Interim Report on the Limerick—Shannon— Ennis District by Nathaniel Litchfield. The Stationery Office, Dublin 1965. 8 × 12 ins. ; Pp. 83 ; 10s. 6d.ANTRIM NEW TOWN. Outline Plan. Belfast : H. M. Stationery Office, 1965. 10 1/2 × 8 1/2 in. 15s.HEPORT OF THE DEPUTY KEEPER OF THE RECORDS 1954–1959. Belfast : Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Cmd. 490. 138 pp. 10s.ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, by Ronald Hope. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 4th edition, 1965. pp. 296. 15s. 6d.CLIMATE, SOILS AND VEGETATION, by D. C. Money. London : University Tutorial Press, 1965. pp. 272. 18s.TECHNIQUES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY, by Cuchlaine A. M. King. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 342 pp. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1966. 40s.BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICATIONS :— 1. RATES OF EROSION AND WEATHERING IN THE BRITISH ISLES. Occasional Publication No. 2, 1965. Pp. 46. 13 × 8 in. 7s. 6d.2. DEGLACIATION. Occasional Publication No. 3, 1966. Pp. 37. 13 × 8 in. 7s.RECHERCHES DE GÉOMORPHOLOGIE EN ÉCOSSE DU NORD‐OUEST. By A. Godard. Publication de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg, 1965. 701 pp. 482 reís.ARTHUR'S SEAT: A HISTORY OF EDINBURGH'S VOLCANO, by G. P. Black. Edinburgh & London : Oliver & Boyd, 1966. 226 pp. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 35s.OFFSHORE GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE. The Political and Economic Problems of Delimitation and Control, by Lewis M. Alexander. London : Murray, 1966. 35s.GEOGRAPHICAL PIVOTS OF HISTORY. An Inaugural Lecture, by W. Kirk. Leicester University Press, 1965. 6s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF FRONTIERS AND BOUNDARIES, by J. R. V. Prescott. London : Hutchinson, 1965. 15s.THE READER'S DIGEST COMPLETE ATLAS OF THE BRITISH ISLES.. London : Reader's Digest Assoc., 1965. 230 pp. 15 1/4 × 10 1/2 in. £5. 10. 0.ULSTER DIALECTS. AN INTRODUCTORY SYMPOSIUM. Edited by G. B. Adams, Belfast : Ulster Folk Museum, 1964. 201 pp. 9 1/2 × 6 1/2 in. 20s.ULSTER FOLKLIFE, Volume 11. Belfast: The Ulster Folk Museum, 1965. Pp. 139. 9 1/2 × 7 in. 15s.GEOGRAPHICAL ABSTRACTS published and edited by K. M. Clayton, F. M Yates, F. E. Hamilton and C. Board.Obtainable from Geo. Abstracts, Dept. of Geography, London School of Economics, Aldwych, London, W.C.2. Subscription rates as below.THE CLIMATE OF LONDON. T. J. Chandler. London : Hutchinson and Co., 1965. 292 pp., 86 figs., 93 tables. 70/‐.MONSOON LANDS, Part I, by R. T. Cobb and L. J. M. Coleby. London : University Tutorial Press Ltd., 1966, constituting Book Six (Part 1 ) of the Advanced Level Geography Series. 303 pp. 8 1/4 × 5 1/4 in. 20s.PREHISTORIC AND EARLY CHRISTIAN IRELAND. A GUIDE, by Estyn Evans. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1966. xii + 241 pp. 45s.A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by G. Fahy. Dublin : Browne and Nolan Ltd. No date. 238 pp. 12s.THE CANALS OF THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by V. T. H. and D. R. Delany. Newton Abbot : David and Charles, 1966. 260 pp. + 20 plates. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 50s.THE COURSE OF IRISH HISTORY. Edited by T. W. Moody and F. X. Martin. Cork : The Mercier Press. 1967. 404 pp. 5 3/4 × 7 3/4 ins. Paperback, 21s. Hard cover, 40s.NORTH MUNSTER STUDIES. Edited by E. Rynne. Limerick : The Thomond Archaeological Society, 1967. 535 pp. 63s.SOILS OF COUNTY LIMERICK, by T. F. Finch and Pierce Ryan. Dublin: An Foras Talúntais, 1966. 199 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 9 1/2 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.THE FORESTS OF IRELAND. Edited by H. M. Fitzpatrick. Dublin : Society of Irish Foresters. No date. 153 pp. 9 3/4 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.PLANNING FOR AMENITY AND TOURISM. Specimen Development Plan Manual 2–3, Donegal. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 110 pp. 8 × 11 in. 12s. 6d.NEW DIMENSIONS IN REGIONAL PLANNING. A CASE STUDY OF IRELAND, by Jeremiah Newman. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha, 1967. 128 pp. 8 1/2 × 6 in. 25s.TRAFFIC PLANNING FOR SMALLER TOWNS. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Regional Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 35 pp. 8 1/4 × 10 3/4 in. No price.LATE AND POST‐GLACIAL SHORELINES AND ICE LIMITS IN ARGYLL AND NORTH‐EAST ULSTER, by F. M. Synge and N. Stephens. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 59, 1966, pp. 101–125.QUATERNARY CHANGES OF SEA‐LEVEL IN IRELAND, by A. R. Orme. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 39, 1966, pp. 127–140.LIMESTONE PAVEMENTS (with special reference to Western Ireland), by Paul W. Williams. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 40, 1966, pp. 155–172. 50s. for 198 pages.IRISH SPELEOLOGY. Volume I, No. 2, 1966. Pp. 18. 10 × 8 in. 5s., free to members of the Irish Speleological Association.THE GEOGRAPHER'S CRAFT, by T. W. Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1967. pp.204. 8 1/4 × 5 in. 25s.GEOGRAPHY AS HUMAN ECOLOGY. Edited by S. R. Eyre and G. R. J. Jones. London : Edward Arnold Ltd., 1966. 308 pp. 45s.LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, by Peter Haggett. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1965. 339 pp. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 40s.AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY, by Leslie Symons. London : G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1967. 283 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 ins. 30s.THE GEOLOGY OF SCOTLAND, edited by Gordon Y. Craig. Edinburgh and London : Oliver & Boyd, 1965. Pp. 556. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2 in. 105s.MORPHOLOGY OF THE EARTH, by Lester C. King. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 2nd ed., 1967. 726 pp. 9 1/2 × 7 in. £5. 5. 0.INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY, V, 1965. Edited by Eduard Imhof. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 1965. 222 pp. + 9 plates. 9 3/4 × 6 1/2 in. 47s. 6d.IRISH FOLK WAYS, by E. Estyn Evans. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967. 324 pp. 16s.A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL IRELAND, by A.J.Otway‐Ruthven. London: Ernest Benn Limited. New York : Barnes and Noble Inc., 1968. xv + 454 pp. 70s.IRISH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ITS VOLUME AND STRUCTURE, by Raymond D. Crotty. Cork University Press, 1966. 384 pp. 42s.PLANNING IN IRELAND. Edited by F. Rogerson and P. O hUiginn. Dublin : The Irish Branch of the Town Planning Institute and An Foras Forbartha, 1907. 199 pp.THE SHELL GUIDE TO IRELAND, by Lord Killanin and Michael V. Duignan. London : Ebury Press and George Rainbird (distributed by Michael Joseph) : 2nd edition, 1967. 512 pp. 50s.THE CLIMATE OF NORTH MUNSTER, by P. K. Rohan. Dublin : Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1968. 72 pp. 10s. 6d.SOILS OF COUNTY CARLOW, by M.J. Conry and Pierce Ryan. Dublin : An Foras Talúntais, 1967. 204 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 30s.MOURNE COUNTRY, by E. Estyn Evans. Dundalk : Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd., 2nd ed., 1967. 244 pp. 63s.THE DUBLIN REGION. Advisory Plan and Final Report, by Myles Wright. Dublin : The Stationery Office, 1967. Part One, pp. 64. 20s. Part Two, pp. 224. 80s.BELFAST : THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY. Edited by J. C. Beckett and R. E. Glasscock. London : The British Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 204 pp. 25s.REPORT ON SKIBBEREEN SOCIAL SURVEY, by John Jackson. Dublin : Human Sciences Committee of the Irish National Productivity Committee, 1967. 63 pp. 12s. 6d.AN OUTLINE PLAN FOR GALWAY CITY, by Breandan S. MacAodha. Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1966. 15 pp.COASTAL PASSENGER STEAMERS AND INLAND NAVIGATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by D.B. McNeill. Belfast : The Transport Museum (Transport Handbook No. 6), 1965 (issued in 1967). 44 pp. (text) + 12 pp. (plates). 3s. 6d.CANALIANA, the annual bulletin of Robertstown Muintir na Tire. Robertstown, Co. Kildare : Muintir na Tire, n.d. (issued in 1967). 60 pp. 2s. 6d.CONACRE IN IRELAND, by Breandan S. MacAodha (Social Sciences Research Centre, Galway). Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1967, 15 pp. No price.PROCESSES OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, by V.P. Zenkovich, edited by J.A. Steers, translated by D.G. Fry. 738 pp. Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. £12. 12s.CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS. 20th International Geographical Congress. Edited by J. Wreford Watson. London : Nelson, 1967. 401 pp. 70s.REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, by Roger Minshull. London : Hutchinson University Library, 1967. 168 pp. 10s. 6d.ATMOSPHERE, WEATHER AND CLIMATE, by R.G. Barry and R.J. Chorley. London : University Paperback, Methuen, 1967. 25s.THE EVOLUTION OF SCOTLAND'S SCENERY, by J.B. Sissons. Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. 259 pp. 63s.WEST WICKLOW. BACKGROUND FOR DEVELOPMENT, by F.H.A. Aalen, D.A. Gillmor and P.W. Williams. Dublin : Geography Department, Trinity College, 1966. 323 pp. Unpublished : copy available in the Society's Library.

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Hanifah, Umu, Juan Paolo Bermundo, Mutsunori Uenuma et Yukiharu Uraoka. « Electrical Performance Enhancement of Fully Solution-processed Amorphous In-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistor via Argon Plasma Treatment ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n^o 35 (9 octobre 2022) : 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02351281mtgabs.

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Amorphous oxide semiconductors are intensively studied nowadays due to its excellent material characteristics, such as high mobility, high optical transparency, large area uniformity, and low processing temperature which enable flexible device application [1]. Solution approach is a promising method over conventional vacuum process, because of its simplicity and versatility with high material utilization which can minimize fabrication cost [2]. To optimize for application in flexible substrates, reduction of process temperatures to <400oC is an important requirement. Plasma treatment can be used to modify thin-film properties and device characteristics by modulating carrier concentration and density of oxygen vacancies [3]. Argon plasma treatment can improve reliability, as carbon concentration on the surface can be reduced, and oxidation enhancement on the surface can be achieved. This research aims to study the effect of plasma treatment on the stability of fully solution processed amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide (a-IZO) thin-film transistor (TFT). Our fully solution processed a-IZO TFTs were fabricated with a self-aligned top gate structure at a maximum fabrication temperature of 300oC. Initially, IZO precursor was spin-coated on Si/SiO2 substrate. Then, fluorinated-polysilsesquioxane (F-PSQ) was deposited with a thickness of ~200 nm which act as a gate-insulator, followed by an IZO layer to be transformed as conducting electrode after treatment. Self-aligned patterning, gate etching, and gate insulator etching were then performed. Lastly, Argon plasma treatment is performed via inductively coupled plasma (ICP), using reactive ion etching SAMCO 10-ip equipment for 5 seconds at room temperature with an ICP power, bias power, and working pressure of 300 W, 100 W, and 5 Pa, respectively. The Argon flow rate was also varied at 100, 75, and 50 sccm. The IZO TFT without plasma treatment was denoted as-fabricated sample. After plasma treatment, exposed IZO layers transform as source/drain and gate. TFT structure before and after plasma treatment can be seen in Fig. 1. Film surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscopy. As Argon concentration increased, the exposed IZO surface became rougher. We also checked the transfer characteristics, performed cyclic measurement, and bias stress tests. Transfer characteristics of TFTs with 90µm width and 10µm length were examined at several drain voltages (Vd = 0.1 V, 5.0 V, and 9.9 V) by a semiconductor parameter analyzer. Transfer curves for as-fabricated and after Ar-75 plasma treatment are shown in Fig 1. As-fabricated sample shows poor switching characteristics because of inactivated source/drain and gate electrodes. After plasma treatment, TFTs show superb characteristics which possibly happened because of changes in the metal-oxide bond formation which increased the conductivity in exposed area. The mobility significantly increased to 31.12 cm2/Vs, with a Vth= -0.3 V and subthreshold swing of 0.28 V/dec for Ar-75 sccm. TFT yield was evaluated by measuring 8 TFTs for each sample. Average mobility for Ar-50, Ar-75, and Ar-100 is 20.30 cm2/Vs, 22.93 cm2/Vs, and 19.88 cm2/Vs, respectively. The mobility increase corresponded to the thin-film quality improvement caused by change in VO and surface roughness [4]. However, excessive Argon gas flow also tend to make samples more conductive. To investigate device stability, positive bias stress (PBS, stress V g= 10 V) and negative bias stress (NBS, stress V g= -10 V) was performed for 2,000s. Lower on-current for all samples were observed as bias stress duration increased. A threshold voltage shift (∆Vth) for Ar-50, Ar-75, and Ar-100 of 0.2 V, -0.3 V, and 0.6 V, respectively after PBS, and 1.4 V, 2.9 V, and 0.7 V, respectively after NBS was observed. We expect that improvement via plasma treatment is due to two main factors. First, ion bombardment caused surface improvement and activated the electrode. Second, the chemical reaction induced by plasma treatment changed the metal-oxide bonds formation [5-6]. Thus, fully solution-processed a-IZO TFT with high mobility up to 31.12 cm2/Vs was achieved by Ar-75 plasma treatment, which also led to better stability under bias stress. These results show that performance enhancement of fully-solution processed a-IZO TFT by plasma treatment has a large potential for future low-temperature flexible device applications. Acknowledgment: This research was supported by JSPS Kakenhi Grant no. 22K14291. The authors thank Nissan Chemical Corporation for providing the IZO precursor solution. References: [1] T. Kamiya, et al., Sci technol. Adv. Matter. 11, 044305 (2010) [2] W. Xu, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (31), 25878 (2018) [3] W. S. Liu, et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 36, 045007 (2021) [4] W. S. Liu, et al., Membranes 12, 49 (2022) [5] J. S. Park, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 262106 (2007) [6] Z.W. Shang, et al., J Mater Sci. 56, 6286 (2021) Figure 1

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Smith, D. L., J. Dominiak-Olson et C. D. Sharber. « First Report of Pierce's Disease of Grape Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Oklahoma ». Plant Disease 93, n^o 7 (juillet 2009) : 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-7-0762b.

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Bacterial leaf scorch caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was first identified in Oklahoma in American elm (Ulmus americanus L.) in the summer of 2004 (2). Subsequently, additional infections of other shade trees and ornamentals including oak (Quercus spp.), mulberry tree (Morus spp.), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) have been identified through sample submission to the Oklahoma State University, Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Laboratory. As of July 2008, no grape (Vitis spp.) samples positive for infection by X. fastidiosa were identified in Oklahoma. In August of 2008, leaves of four grape vines (Vitis labrusca ‘Concord’) grown in a home gardener's backyard located in Canadian County, OK were found to be exhibiting chlorosis and green fading colors with marginal browning. These symptoms included an undulating appearance with red-brown bands between the green and scorched areas. Vines exhibited ‘matchstick’ symptoms where the leaves dropped from the plant, but the petioles remained attached. All symptoms were consistent with those of Pierce's disease (3). Leaves from all four symptomatic vines and leaves from asymptomatic grapes (V. vinifera, unknown cultivar) from the Oklahoma Botanical Gardens located at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater were sampled. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD). Samples were tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa by real-time PCR with Xylella genus-specific primers XfF1/XfR2 and dual-labeled TaqMan probe XfP2 (4). Infected tissue from a symptomatic oak tree was used as a positive control. Genomic DNA samples extracted from all four symptomatic grape vines and the symptomatic oak tree were PCR positive. Samples from the asymptomatic grape vine were PCR negative. Subsequent analysis was performed on the four symptomatic grape vine samples. X. fastidiosa-specific primers BBXFOUTF1 and BBXFOUTR1 were used to PCR amplify the gyrB gene (2). The amplification product was purified with the QuickClean 5M PCR Purification Kit (GenScript Corporation, Piscataway, NJ) and was subjected to automated sequencing (Oklahoma State University Recombinant DNA/Protein Resource Facility). BLASTN alignment (1) of the 340-bp sequences from the four symptomatic grape samples revealed 99 to 100% homology with the gyrB gene from a Pierce's disease strain of X. fastidiosa, ‘Temecula’ (GenBank No. AF534960). Remaining petiole tissues from the samples used above were subjected to serological tests for X. fastidiosa by ELISA (Agdia, Inc. Elkhart, IN). These tests confirmed the presence of X. fastidiosa in symptomatic grape tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fastidiosa associated with grape and the first report of Pierce's disease in Oklahoma. This suggests that the geographic range for Pierce's disease should be extended to include central Oklahoma. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403, 1990. (2) B. R. Olson et al. Plant Dis. 90:108, 2006. (3) R. C. Pearson et al. Compendium of Grape Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1998. (4) N. W. Schaad et al. Phytopathology 92:721, 2002.

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Pérez Burgueño, Jorge. « Análisis cuantitativo de los diarios de pioneros durante las migraciones al Oeste americano (1840-1860). Una propuesta metodológica ». Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n^o 12 (28 juin 2023) : 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2023.12.21.

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RESUMENEntre las muchas fuentes documentales que el historiador tiene a su disposición para abordar sus estudios, el diario personal se presenta, quizás, como una de las más interesantes. Este tipo de materiales no solo permiten conocer algo mejor los pensamientos y emociones de sus propios autores, sino también determinadas facetas del momento histórico en el que se concibieron, de ahí que su contenido resulte fundamental a la hora de comprender un fenómeno migratorio tan peculiar como el que tuvo lugar en el Oeste americano durante la segunda mitad del siglo xix.Partiendo de las propuestas de Ralph K. White y de John Mack Faragher, este artículo presenta una readaptación del Value analysis, proponiendo una selección de 65 valores y 7 grupos temáticos, que se han utilizado para determinar cuáles eran los principales intereses y preocupaciones de los pioneros estadounidenses, a partir del estudio de catorce diarios de la época. Palabras clave: historia cuantitativa, Oeste americano, migraciones, diarios de viaje, Overland TrailTopónimo: Estados UnidosPeríodo: siglo xix ABSTRACT Among the many documentary sources historians have at their disposal when dealing with studies, the personal diary is perhaps one of the most interesting ones. This type of material not only allows us to know a little better the thoughts and emotions of their own authors but also certain aspects of the historical moment in which they were conceived, therefore its content is fundamental when it comes to understand a migration phenomenon as unique as the one that took place in the American West during the second half of the nineteenth century.Based on the proposals of Ralph K. White and John Mack Faragher, this article presents a readaptation of ‘Value analysis’ proposing a selection of 65 values and 7 thematic groups which have been used to determine the main interests and concerns of the American pioneers revising for this purpose fourteen diaries of that time. Keywords: quantitative history, American West, migrations, overland diaries, Overland TrailPlace names: United StatesPeriod: 19th century REFERENCIASBillington, R. A. y Ridge, M. (2001): Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press.Brown, D. (2004): The American West, Londres, Simon Schuster UK.Carter, R. W. (1995): “When I Hear the Winds Sigh”: Mortality on the Overland Trail, California History, vol. 74, nº. 2, pp. 146-161.Clark, D. H. (1953): “Remember the Winter of...? Weather and Pioneers”, Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol. 54, nº. 2, pp. 140-148.Cutlip, S. M. (1995): Public Relations History: From the 17th to the 20th Century. The Antecedents, Nueva York, Routledge. Dippie, B. W. (1991): “American Wests: Historiographical Perspectives” en Limerick, P. N., Millner II, C. A. y Rankin, C. E. (eds.), Trails toward a New Western History, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, pp. 112-138. Etulain, R. W. (2002): “Introduction: The Rise of Western Historiography” en Etulain, R. W. (ed.), Writing Western History, Reno, University of Nevada Press, pp. 1-16.Faragher, J. M. (1979): Women and Men on the Overland Trail, New Haven, Yale University Press.Farber, B. (1957): “An Index of Marital Integration”, Sociometry, Núm. 20, pp. 117-139.Hine, R. V. y Faragher, J. M. (2000): The American West: A new interpretative history, Connecticut, Yale University Press.Hoagkand, A. K. (2004): Army Architecture in the West: Forts Laramie, Bridger, and D. A. Russell (1849-1912), Norman, University of Oklahoma Press.Holmes, K. L. (1995): Covered Wagon Women: Diaries Letters from the Western Trails Vol. 1, 1840-1849, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press.— (1996): Covered Wagon Women: Diaries Letters from the Western Trails, vol. 2, 1850, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1996.Jiménez, A. (2001): “La Historia como fabricación del pasado: la frontera del Oeste o American West”, Anuario de estudios americanos, vol. 58, nº. 2, pp. 737-755.Lamar, H. R. (1978): “Rites of Passage: Young Men and Their Families in the Overland Trail Experience, 1843-69” en Alexander, G. T. (ed.), Soul-Butter and Hog Wash and Other Essays on the American West, Provo, Brigham Young University Press, pp. 33-67.Lavender, D. (1963): Westward Vision: The Story of the Oregon Trail, Lincoln, McGraw-Hill.Levinson, D. J. (1977): “The mid-life transition: a period in adult psychosocial development”, Psychiatry, nº. 40, pp. 99-112.Limerick, P. N. (1991): “What on Earth is the New Western History?” en Limerick, P. N., Millner II, C. A. y Rankin, C. E. (eds.), Trails toward a New Western History, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, pp. 81-88.McCurdy, S. A. (1994): “Epidemiology of disaster: The Donner Party (1846-1847)”, Western Journal of Medicine, vol. 160, nº. 4, pp. 338-342.Ponsonby, A. (1923): English diaries; a review of English diaries from the sixteenth to the twentieth century with an introd. on diary writing, Londres, Methuen Co.Rokeach, M. (1973): The Nature of Human Values, Nueva York, Free Press.Schlissel, L. (1982): Women’s Diaries of the Westward Journey, Nueva York, Schocken Books.Smith, H. N. (1950): Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Harvard University Press.Thompson, G. (1991): “Another look at Frontier / Western Historiography” en Limerick, P. N., Millner II, C. A. y Rankin, C. E. (eds.), Trails toward a New Western History, Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, pp. 89-96.Turner, F. J. (1920): The Frontier in American History, Nueva York, Henry Holt and Company.Unruh, J. D. (1982): The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West (1840-60), Urbana, University of Illinois Press.Vandenbroucke, G. (2008): “The U.S. Westward Expansion”, International Economic Review, Vol. 49. Núm. 1, pp. 81-110.Webb, W. P. (1931): The Great Plains, Boston, Ginn and Company.White, R. K. (1944): “Value Analysis: A Quantitative Method for Describing Qualitative Data”, Journal of Social Psychology, Núm. 19, pp. 351-358.

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Okano, T., K. Mamoto, Y. Yamada, K. Mandai, S. Anno, M. Tada, K. Inui, T. Koike et H. Nakamura. « AB0188 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC RESIDUAL INTRA-ARTICULAR SYNOVITIS IS MORE SEVERE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS TREATED WITH PREDNISOLONE ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 mai 2022) : 1223.3–1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3021.

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BackgroundThe treatment option including biological DMARDs (BIO) and JAK inhibitor (JAK) was expanded, and the number of patients reached to the treatment target are increasing in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On the other hand, it is also true that some patients are still using prednisolone (PSL). Recently, ultrasound has played a role of sensitive imaging modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with RA. It is known that residual synovitis was found in ultrasound even in patients with clinical remission.ObjectivesWe investigated the differences of ultrasonographic intra-articular synovitis findings between treatment drugs in patients with RA.MethodsFrom January 2017 to August 2020, 750 RA patients who underwent ultrasound examination were included. A US examination was performed at the bilateral first to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, first interphalangeal (IP) and second to fifth proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, wrist joints (three part of radial, medial and ulnar) and first to fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, by using HI VISION Ascendus (Hitachi Medical Corporation, Japan) with a multifrequency linear transducer (18-6 MHz). The gray scale and power Doppler findings were assessed by the semi-quantitative method (0-3). All patients were divided into with or without BIO / JAK, methotrexate (MTX) and PSL. Then, patients were matched using the propensity score adjusted for gender, age, RA disease duration, disease activity, CRP value, and MMP-3 value. The total gray scale and power Doppler score (GSUS / PDUS) were compared between treatment drugs of RA by using propensity score matching methods.ResultsThe average age of 750 RA patients were 64.5 years and an average disease duration of RA was 13.9 years and females were 581 (77.5%). There were 517 patients (68.9%) treated with BIO/JAK and 233 patients treated without BIO/JAK. The 205 patients in each group were matched. GSUS were 10.6±11.1 vs 9.2±10.4 (p=0.218) and PDUS 7.4±9.2 vs 6.5±9.0 (p=0.328). Ultrasound residual synovitis was not different between with or without BIO/JAK in matched patients. There were 525 patients (70.0%) treated MTX, the average MTX dose was 9.3 mg, and 225 patients treated without MTX. The 203 patients with or without MTX in each group were matched. GSUS were 9.7±10.6 vs 11.4±12.0 (p=0.119) and PDUS 6.6±8.8 vs 8.1±10.1 (p=0.117). Ultrasound residual synovitis was not different between with or without MTX in matched patients. There were 111 patients (14.8%) treated PSL, the average dose was 4.0mg, and 639 patients treated without PSL. The 105 patients with or without PSL in each group were matched. GSUS were 15.7±13.9 vs 11.6±10.6 (p=0.018) and PDUS 11.5±11.4 vs 8.1±9.6 (p=0.021). Ultrasound residual synovitis was more severe treated with PSL than without PSL in matched patients.ConclusionIn a comparison between RA patients matched backgrounds such as disease activity, there was no difference in ultrasound residual synovitis between patients with or without BIO/JAK and MTX. However, there was significant difference in patients with or without PSL. This suggests that PSL use suppresses clinical symptoms but does not improve synovitis. Thus, it should be noted that joint destruction may progress in patients treating with PSL.References[1]Grassi W, Okano T, Di Geso L, Filippucci E. Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: options, uses and optimization. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11:1131-46.[2]Nguyen H, Ruyssen-Witrand A, Gandjbakhch F, Constantin A, Foltz V, Cantagrel A. Prevalence of ultrasound-detected residual synovitis and risk of relapse and structural progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53:2110-8.AcknowledgementsWe wish to thank Atsuko Kamiyama, Tomoko Nishimura for clinical assistant, Setsuko Takeda, Emi Yamashita, Yuko Yoshida, Emi Ohtani, Yuka Domae, Asami Yagami, Shingo Washida for their special efforts as a sonographer and collecting data.Disclosure of InterestsTadashi Okano Speakers bureau: Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Abbvie, Amgen, Ayumi, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Ono, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB, Grant/research support from: Asahi Kasei, Abbvie, Chugai, Eisai, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Kenji Mamoto: None declared, Yutaro Yamada: None declared, Koji Mandai: None declared, Shohei Anno: None declared, Masahiro Tada: None declared, Kentaro Inui Speakers bureau: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Abbvie GK, Pfizer Inc., Eisai Co.,Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Grant/research support from: Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Sanofi K.K., Abbvie GK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., QOL RD Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eisai Co.,Ltd.,, Tatsuya Koike Speakers bureau: Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Abbott Japan, Teijin Pharma, Banyu Pharmaceutical and Ono Pharmaceutical, Hiroaki Nakamura: None declared

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Astudillo, Leonardo Isaias, Roberta Karla Francesca Della Bella, Hubert Andreas Gasteiger, Carla Sophie Harzer, Franziska Carmen Hnyk, Timon Lazaridis et Christopher Warsch. « Accelerated Stress Tests to Project PEM Fuel Cell Durability ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n^o 43 (22 décembre 2023) : 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02432164mtgabs.

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One of the major degradation mechanisms limiting the long-term durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is the loss of platinum electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) cathode catalyst, caused by Pt dissolution that is followed by both Ostwald ripening of the Pt nanoparticles and loss of Pt into the ionomer phase [1]. The Pt ECSA loss is accelerated when subjecting PEMFCs to extended load-cycling inducing concomitant cycling of the cathode potential. To this end, accelerated stress tests (ASTs) can be conducted either by controlling the cell/stack current (“load-cycling” AST) under H2/air (anode/cathode) or the potential (“voltage-cycling” AST) under H2/N2 (anode/cathode). Most of the experiments studying the effect of load-cycling on catalyst durability have been based on voltage-cycling in a H2/N2 configuration, showing that Pt ECSA loss is aggravated with increasing upper potential limit (UPL), temperature, and relative humidity (RH) [2, 3, 4]. Comparing voltage-cycling induced degradation under H2/N2 versus H2/air, a recent study has found an essentially identical Pt ECSA loss, but a slightly higher H2/air performance decay when cycling under H2/N2 [4]. This study by General Motors Corporation indicates that Pt ECSA loss may not be a unique descriptor for H2/air performance loss, contrary to what was observed in recent work by Toyota Motor Corporation and Kyushu University [5] as well as in our own studies [6]. In this talk, we will discuss the correlation between H2/air performance loss and Pt ECSA loss during voltage-cycling ASTs at different conditions (UPL, RH, and gas-feed) conducted in 5 cm2 active area single-cell PEMFCs, complemented by a voltage-loss analysis to deconvolute oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity losses and mass transport losses (due to oxygen mass transport and proton conduction in the cathode catalyst layer). We will also discuss whether the H2/air performance loss is governed by the Pt ECSA loss (independent of catalyst loading) or, as we had proposed previously, by the cathode electrode roughness factor (rf) loss (in cm2 Pt/cm2 cathode, i.e., the product of ECSA and Pt loading) [7]. As roughly 100,000 [8] or even more voltage-cycles are expected for heavy-duty applications, requiring very long measurement times, an approach to relate the degradation under harsh AST conditions with those under application-relevant conditions will be discussed. Experiments are conducted with cathode catalysts based on different carbon supports (Vulcan, Ketjenblack, or so-called accessible carbon supports [9, 10]), on catalysts with different initial Pt ECSAs (i.e., different Pt nanoparticle sizes) and with different initial Pt-loadings (i.e. different initial rf). Finally, exploratory experiments to evaluate the effect of start-up/shut-down on the correlation between electrode rf and H2/air performance decay will be discussed. References: [1] P. J. Ferreira, G. J. la O’, Y. Shao-Horn, D. Morgan, R. Makharia, S. Kocha, H. A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem. Soc . 152 (2005) A2256. [2] G. S. Harzer, J. N. Schwämmlein, A. M. Damjanović, S. Ghosh, H. A. Gasteiger; J. Electrochem. Soc. 165 (2018) F3118. [3] A. Kneer, N. Wagner; J. Electrochem. Soc. 166 (2019) F120. [4] S. Kumaraguro (General Motors), “Durable High Power Membrane Electrode Assembly with Low Pt Loading“; 2021 Annual Merit Review Meeting of the DOE Hydrogen Program (avail. online). [5] T. Takahashi, T. Ikeda, K. Murata, O. Hotaka, S. Hasegawa, Y. Tachikawa, M. Nishihara, J. Matsuda, T. Kitahara, S. M. Lyth, A. Hayashi, K. Sasaki; J. Electrochem. Soc. 169 (2022) 044523. [6] L. I. Astudillo, H. A. Gasteiger; to be submitted. [7] R. K. F. Della Bella, B. M. Stühmeier, H. A. Gasteiger; J. Electrochem. Soc. 169 (2022) 044528. [8] R. Borup, A. Weber, R. Ahluwalia, R. Mukundan, D. Myers, K. C. Neyerlin, “Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck Consortium“; 2021 Annual Merit Review Meeting of the DOE Hydrogen Program (avail. online). [9] V. Yarlagadda, M. K. Carpenter, T. E. Moylan, R. S. Kukreja, R. Koestner, W. Gu, L. Thompson, A. Kongkanand; ACS Energy Lett. 3 (2018) 618. [10] T. Lazaridis, H. A. Gasteiger; J. Electrochem. Soc. 168 (2021) 114517. Acknowledgement: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from various projects that enabled to conduct these studies: from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) under the funding scheme POREForm (funding number 03ET B027C), from the Swiss National Science Foundation under the Sinergia grant number 180335, from the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) under the funding scheme H2Sky (funding code 03B10706), and from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under the MORELife grant agreement 101007170.

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Sims, Robert C., Darlene E. Fisher, Steven A. Leibo, Pasquale E. Micciche, Fred R. Van Hartesveldt, W. Benjamin Kennedy, C. Ashley Ellefson et al. « Book Reviews ». Teaching History : A Journal of Methods 13, n^o 2 (5 mai 1988) : 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.13.2.80-104.

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Michael B. Katz. Reconstructing American Education. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, 212. Cloth, $22.50; E. D. Hirsch, Jr. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987. Pp. xvii, 251. Cloth, $16.45; Diana Ravitch and Chester E. Finn, Jr. What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Pp. ix, 293. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Richard A. Diem of The University of Texas at San Antonio. Henry J. Steffens and Mary Jane Dickerson. Writer's Guide: History. Lexington, Massachusetts, and Toronto: D. C. Heath and Company, 1987. Pp. x, 211. Paper, $6.95. Review by William G. Wraga of Bernards Township Public Schools, Basking Ridge, New Jersey. J. Kelley Sowards, ed. Makers of the Western Tradition: Portraits from History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Fourth edition. Vol: 1: Pp. ix, 306. Paper, $12.70. Vol. 2: Pp. ix, 325. Paper, $12.70. Review by Robert B. Luehrs of Fort Hays State University. John L. Beatty and Oliver A. Johnson, eds. Heritage of Western Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Sixth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 465. Paper, $16.00; Volume II: pp. xi, 404. Paper, $16.00. Review by Dav Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. Lynn H. Nelson, ed. The Human Perspective: Readings in World Civilization. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. Vol. I: The Ancient World to the Early Modern Era. Pp. viii, 328. Paper, $10.50. Vol. II: The Modern World Through the Twentieth Century. Pp, x, 386. Paper, 10.50. Review by Gerald H. Davis of Georgia State University. Gerald N. Grob and George Attan Billias, eds. Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives. New York: The Free Press, 1987. Fifth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 499. Paper, $20.00: Volume II: Pp. ix, 502. Paper, $20.00. Review by Larry Madaras of Howard Community College. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. -- Volume II: Reconstruction to the Present. Guilford, Connecticut: The Dushkin Publishing Groups, Inc., 1987. Pp. xii, 384. Paper, $9.50. Review by James F. Adomanis of Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Annapolis, Maryland. Joann P. Krieg, ed. To Know the Place: Teaching Local History. Hempstead, New York: Hofstra University Long Island Studies Institute, 1986. Pp. 30. Paper, $4.95. Review by Marilyn E. Weigold of Pace University. Roger Lane. Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. 213. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Ronald E. Butchart of SUNY College at Cortland. Pete Daniel. Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 352. Paper, $22.50. Review by Thomas S. Isern of Emporia State University. Norman L. Rosenberg and Emily S. Rosenberg. In Our Times: America Since World War II. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Third edition. Pp. xi, 316. Paper, $20.00; William H. Chafe and Harvard Sitkoff, eds. A History of Our Time: Readings on Postwar America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Second edition. Pp. xiii, 453. Paper, $12.95. Review by Monroe Billington of New Mexico State University. Frank W. Porter III, ed. Strategies for Survival: American Indians in the Eastern United States. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. xvi, 232. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Richard Robertson of St. Charles County Community College. Kevin Sharpe, ed. Faction & Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 292. Paper, $13.95; Derek Hirst. Authority and Conflict: England, 1603-1658. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 390. Cloth, $35.00. Review by K. Gird Romer of Kennesaw College. N. F. R. Crafts. British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 193. Paper, $11.95; Maxine Berg. The Age of Manufactures, 1700-1820. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 378. Paper, $10.95. Review by C. Ashley Ellefson of SUNY College at Cortland. J. M. Thompson. The French Revolution. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985 reissue. Pp. xvi, 544. Cloth, $45.00; Paper, $12.95. Review by W. Benjamin Kennedy of West Georgia College. J. P. T. Bury. France, 1814-1940. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Fifth edition. Pp. viii, 288. Paper, $13.95; Roger Magraw. France, 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 375. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $9.95; D. M.G. Sutherland. France, 1789-1815: Revolution and Counterrevolution. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 242. Cloth, $32.50; Paper, $12.95. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Woodford McClellan. Russia: A History of the Soviet Period. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Pp. xi, 387. Paper, $23.95. Review by Pasquale E. Micciche of Fitchburg State College. Ranbir Vohra. China's Path to Modernization: A Historical Review from 1800 to the Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Pp. xiii, 302. Paper, $22.95. Reivew by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College. John King Fairbank. China Watch. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, Cloth, $20.00. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Ronald Takaki, ed. From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. 253. Paper, $13.95. Review by Robert C. Sims of Boise State University.

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KITLV, Redactie. « Book reviews ». New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, n^o 3-4 (1 janvier 2012) : 309–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002420.

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A World Among these Islands: Essays on Literature, Race, and National Identity in Antillean America, by Roberto Márquez (reviewed by Peter Hulme) Caribbean Reasonings: The Thought of New World, The Quest for Decolonisation, edited by Brian Meeks & Norman Girvan (reviewed by Cary Fraser) Elusive Origins: The Enlightenment in the Modern Caribbean Historical Imagination, by Paul B. Miller (reviewed by Kerstin Oloff) Caribbean Perspectives on Modernity: Returning Medusa’s Gaze, by Maria Cristina Fumagalli (reviewed by Maureen Shay) Who Abolished Slavery: Slave Revolts and Abolitionism: A Debate with João Pedro Marques, edited by Seymour Drescher & Pieter C. Emmer, and Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic, edited by Derek R . Peterson (reviewed by Claudius Fergus) The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery, by Gustav Ungerer (reviewed by James Walvin) Children in Slavery through the Ages, edited by Gwyn Campbell, Suzanne Miers & Joseph C. Miller (reviewed by Indrani Chatterjee) The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates, by Peter T. Leeson (reviewed by Kris Lane) Theorizing a Colonial Caribbean-Atlantic Imaginary: Sugar and Obeah, by Keith Sandiford (reviewed by Elaine Savory) Created in the West Indies: Caribbean Perspectives on V.S. Naipaul, edited by Jennifer Rahim & Barbara Lalla (reviewed by Supriya M. Nair) Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature, by Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley (reviewed by Lyndon K. Gill) Haiti Unbound: A Spiralist Challenge to the Postcolonial Canon, by Kaiama L. Glover (reviewed by Asselin Charles) Divergent Dictions: Contemporary Dominican Literature, by Néstor E. Rodríguez (reviewed by Dawn F. Stinchcomb) The Caribbean Short Story: Critical Perspectives, edited by Lucy Evans, Mark McWatt & Emma Smith (reviewed by Leah Rosenberg) Society of the Dead: Quita Manaquita and Palo Praise in Cuba, by Todd Ramón Ochoa (reviewed by Brian Brazeal) El Lector: A History of the Cigar Factory Reader, by Araceli Tinajero (reviewed by Juan José Baldrich) Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class, and State Formation in Cuba, 1868-1959, by Gillian McGillivray (reviewed by Consuelo Naranjo Orovio) The Purposes of Paradise: U.S. Tourism and Empire in Cuba and Hawai’i, by Christine Skwiot (reviewed by Amalia L. Cabezas) A History of the Cuban Revolution, by Aviva Chomsky (reviewed by Michelle Chase) The Cubalogues: Beat Writers in Revolutionary Havana, by Todd F. Tietchen (reviewed by Stephen Fay) The Devil in the Details: Cuban Antislavery Narrative in the Postmodern Age, by Claudette M. Williams (reviewed by Gera Burton) Screening Cuba: Film Criticism as Political Performance during the Cold War, by Hector Amaya (reviewed by Ann Marie Stock) Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American Policies in Comparative Perspective, by Lana Wylie (reviewed by Julia Sagebien) Forging Diaspora: Afro-Cubans and African Americans in a World of Empire and Jim Crow, by Frank Andre Guridy (reviewed by Susan Greenbaum) The Irish in the Atlantic World, edited by David T. Gleeson (reviewed by Donald Harman Akenson) The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean, edited by Walton Look Lai & Tan Chee-Beng (reviewed by John Kuo Wei Tchen) The Island of One People: An Account of the History of the Jews of Jamaica, by Marilyn Delevante & Anthony Alberga (reviewed by Barry Stiefel) Creole Jews: Negotiating Community in Colonial Suriname, by Wieke Vink (reviewed by Aviva Ben-Ur) Only West Indians: Creole Nationalism in the British West Indies, by F.S.J. Ledgister (reviewed by Jerome Teelucksingh) Cultural DNA: Gender at the Root of Everyday Life in Rural Jamaica, by Diana J. Fox (reviewed by Jean Besson) Women in Grenadian History, 1783-1983, by Nicole Laurine Phillip (reviewed by Bernard Moitt) British-Controlled Trinidad and Venezuela: A History of Economic Interests and Subversions, 1830-1962, by Kelvin Singh (reviewed by Stephen G. Rabe) Export/Import Trends and Economic Development in Trinidad, 1919-1939, by Doddridge H.N. Alleyne (reviewed by Rita Pemberton) Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal, by Colin Clarke & Gillian Clarke (reviewed by Patricia van Leeuwaarde Moonsammy) Poverty in Haiti: Essays on Underdevelopment and Post Disaster Prospects, by Mats Lundahl (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) From Douglass to Duvalier: U.S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870-1964, by Millery Polyné (reviewed by Brenda Gayle Plummer) Haiti Rising: Haitian History, Culture and the Earthquake of 2010, edited by Martin Munro (reviewed by Jonna Knappenberger) Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora, by Margarita A. Mooney (reviewed by Rose-Marie Chierici) This Spot of Ground: Spiritual Baptists in Toronto, by Carol B. Duncan (reviewed by James Houk) Interroger les morts: Essai sur le dynamique politique des Noirs marrons ndjuka du Surinam et de la Guyane, by Jean-Yves Parris (reviewed by H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen & W. van Wetering)

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Setiawan, Deni, Aisyah Durrotun Nafisah et Diana. « Father's Involvement in Children's Distance Learning during the Pandemic ». JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, n^o 1 (30 avril 2022) : 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.10.

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The involvement of fathers in children's distance learning is very necessary, considering that Indonesia is included in the third fatherless country category. The purpose of this study was to find out how much the child's response to the father's involvement in children's distance learning was affected during the pandemic. By using a quantitative descriptive survey research design, the sample for this study was sixty-eight children. Data collection techniques include observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The results from this study are that the children's response to father involvement in children's distance learning during the pandemic is in the high category, which includes aspects of paternal engagement, accessibility, and responsibility. Engaging in children's learning can be seen as an important part of the responsibility. The results of this study help provide support for fathers to be involved in educating and educating their children in a way that is appropriate to the cultural context and current situation. Keywords: distance learning, early childhood, father involvement References: Amini, M. (2015). Profil Keterlibatan Orang Tua [Profile of Parents Involvement in The Education]. Jurnal Ilmiah Visi Pptk Paudni, 10(1), 9–20. Ancell, K. S., & Bruns, D. A. (2018). The Importance of Father Involvement in Early Childhood Programs. Young Exceptional Children, 21(1), 22–33. Aries, P. (1962). Centuries Of Childhood. Translated By R. Baldick. Asy, H., & Ariyanto, A. (2019). Gambaran Keterlibatan Ayah Dalam Pengasuhan Anak (Paternal Involvement) Di Jabodetabek. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 11(1), 37–44. Https://Doi.Org/10.15294/Intuisi.V11i1.20115 Aziza, F. N., & Yunus, M. (2020). Peran Orang Tua Dalam Membimbing Anak Pada Masastudy from Home Selama Pandemi Covid 19. Konferensi Nasional Pendidikan, 19–21. Bicchieri, C. (2017). Norms In the Wild: How to Diagnose, Measure, And Change Social Norms. Connor, L. A., & Stolz, H. E. (2022). Child Development Knowledge and Father Engagement: The Mediating Role of Parenting Self-Efficacy. Journal Of Family Issues, 43(3), 831–851. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0192513x21994628 Craig, A. G., Thompson, J. M. D., Slykerman, R., Wall, C., Murphy, R., Mitchell, E. A., & Waldie, K. E. (2021b). The Father I Knew: Early Paternal Engagement Moderates the Long-Term Relationship Between Paternal Accessibility and Childhood Behavioral Difficulties. Journal Of Family Issues, 42(10), 2418–2437. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0192513x20980128 Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications. Ferreira, T., Cadima, J., Matias, M., Vieira, J. M., Leal, T., & Matos, P. M. (2016). Preschool Children’s Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Mother–Child, Father–Child and Teacher–Child Relationships. Journal Of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 1829–1839. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10826-016-0369-X Fitzsimons, E., & Villadsen, A. (2019). Father Departure and Children’s Mental Health: How Does Timing Matter? Social Science and Medicine, 222, 349–358. Handarini. (2020). Pembelajaran Daring Sebagai Upaya Study from Home (SFH) Selama Pandemi Covid 19 Pembelajaran Daring Sebagai Upaya Study from Home (SFH) … ... Jurnal Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran (Jpap), 8(1), 496–503. Huerta, M., Adema, W., Baxter, J., Jui Han, W., Lausten, M., & Lee, R. (2013). Fathers’ Leave, Fathers’ Involvement and Child Development: Are They Related? Evidence From Four Oecd Countries. Directorate For Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Employment, Labour, And Social Affairs Committee. Lamb, M. E. (2010). The Role of The Father in Child Development. Wiley. Https://Books.Google.Co.Id/Books?Id=Dlpokmwsu-Qc Liu, X. (2019). A Review of The Study on Father Involvement in Child Rearing. Asian Social Science, 15(9), 82. Liu, Y., Dittman, C. K., Guo, M., Morawska, A., & Haslam, D. (2021). Influence Of Father Involvement, Fathering Practices and Father-Child Relationships on Children in Mainland China. Journal Of Child and Family Studies, 30(8), 1858–1870. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10826-021-01986-4 Mathwasa, J., & Okeke, C. I. O. (2017). Educators’ Perspectives on Fathers’ Participation in The Early Childhood Education of Their Children. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 13(2), 172–185. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09751122.2016.11890451 Mccaig, J. L., Stolz, H. E., Reimnitz, S. J., Baumgardner, M., & Renegar, R. G. (2021a). Determinants Of Paternal Engagement: Investigating Low-Income Fathers’ Caregiving, Play, And Verbal Engagement with Infants. Journal Of Family Issues, 0(0), 1–21. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0192513x211031515 Mil, S., Jalal, F., & Djamaris, M. (2022). Parenting Fathers for Children During the Pandemic: Lessons Learned from Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (Birci-Journal), 5(2), 14462–14470. Nangle, S., Kelley, M., Fals-Stewart, W., & Levant, R. (2003). Work And Family Variables as Related to Paternal Engagement, Responsibility, And Accessibility in Dual-Earner Couples with Young Children. Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, And Practice About Men as Fathers, 1(1), 71–90. Https://Doi.Org/10.3149/Fth.0101.71 Nasution, I. S. (2020). Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Dalam Program Belajar Dari Rumah Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Visipena, 11(2), 266–280. Nofianti, R. (2020). Daring Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemic Covid 19 Di Tk Islam Ibnu Qoyyim. Jurnal Ilmiah Abdi Ilmu, 13(2), 19–30. Norman, H. (2017). Paternal Involvement in Childcare: How Can It Be Classified and What Are the Key Influences? Families, Relationships and Societies, 6(1), 89–105. Https://Doi.Org/10.1332/204674315x14364575729186 Opondo, C., Redshaw, M., & Quigley, M. A. (2017). Journal Of a Ff Ective Disorders Association Between Father Involvement and Attitudes In Early Child-Rearing And Depressive Symptoms In The Pre-Adolescent Period In A Uk Birth Cohort. Journal Of Affective Disorders, 221, 115–122. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jad.2017.06.010 Papaleontiou - Louca, E., & Al Omari, O. (2020). The (Neglected) Role of The Father in Children’s Mental Health. New Ideas in Psychology, 59, 100782. Pertiwi, L. K., Febiyanti, A., & Rachmawati, Y. (2021). Keterlibatan Orang Tua Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Anak Usia Dini Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. 12(1), 19–30. Prasetyaningtyas. (2020). Pelaksanaan Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) Secara Online Selama Darurat Covid-19 Di Smp N 1 Semin. Ideguru: Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Guru, 5(1), 86–94. Raghavan, R., & Alexandrova, A. (2014). Toward A Theory of Child Well-Being. Social Indicators Research, 1–16. Recto, P., Lesser, J., Moreno-Vasquez, A., Zapata, J., & Zavala Idar, A. (2021). Supporting The Mental Health Needs of Adolescent Fathers During Covid-19: Opportunities for Nursing Practice and Community-Based Partnerships. Issues In Mental Health Nursing, 42(7), 702–705. Rogoff, B., Sellers, M., Pirrotta, S., Fox, N., & White, S. (1975). Age Of Assignment of Roles and Responsibilities in Children: A Cross-Cultural Survey. Human Development, 18, 353–369. Sipahutar. (2018). Interaksi Anak Dengan Orang Tua Dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Di Kampung Kurnia Kelurahan Belawan Bahari, Kecamatan Medan Belawan Tahun 2018. Director, 15(40), 6–13. Skipp, A., V. Hopwood, and R. W. (2021). Special Education in Lockdown: The Experiences of School and College Providers and Families of Pupils with Education, Health, and Care Plans (Ehcp’s). Online Nuffield Foundation. Skjothaug, T., Smith, L., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Moe, V. (2018). Does Fathers’ Prenatal Mental Health Bear A Relationship to Parenting Stress At 6 Months? Infant Mental Health Journal, 39(5), 537–551. Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan Kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Tétreault, É., Bernier, A., & Matte-Gagné, C. (2021). Quality Of Father-Child Relationships as A Predictor of Sleep Developments During Preschool Years. Developmental Psychobiology, 63(6), 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Dev.22130 Trumello, C., Bramanti, S. M., Lombardi, L., Ricciardi, P., Morelli, M., Candelori, C., Crudele, M., Cattelino, E., Baiocco, R., Chirumbolo, A., & Babore, A. (2021). Covid-19 And Home Confinement: A Study on Fathers, Father-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment. Child: Care, Health and Development, February 1–7. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Cch.12912 Volker J. (2014). Paternal Involvement: A Review of The Factors Influencing Father Involvement and Outcomes. Tcnj J Stud Scholars, 16. Walsh, A. D., Hesketh, K. D., Van Der Pligt, P., Cameron, A. J., Crawford, D. A., & Campbell. (2017). Fathers‟ Perspectives on The Diets and Physical Activity Behaviours Of Their Young Children. Plos One, 12(6), 1–19. Widi. (2020). Kendala Dan Peran Orangtua Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Pada. Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana 2020, 471–479.

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Prest, Wilfrid. « Law Tricks - Lawyers, Litigation and English Society since 1450. By Christopher W. Brooks. London : Hambledon Press, 1998. Pp. xiii + 274. $60.00. - Imagining the Law : Common Law and the Foundations of the American Legal System. By Norman F. Cantor. New York : Harper Perennial, 1999. Pp. xvi + 416. $16.00. - Women Waging Law in Elizabethan England. By Tim Stretton. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xv + 271. $59.95. » Journal of British Studies 39, n^o 3 (juillet 2000) : 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386224.

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Edralin, Divina, et Ronald Pastrana. « Nexus between Sustainable Business Practices and the Quest for Peace ». Bedan Research Journal 5, n^o 1 (30 avril 2020) : 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v5i1.11.

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We explored the sustainable business practices of selected Philippine corporations that promote the quest for peace. We used three key indicators of sustainable business practices, namely, fostering economic development, espousing corporate citizenship, and respecting the rule of law, as our variables to measure our sustainable business practices construct. On the other hand, we adopted sustainable development and sound business environmental our variables to measure the quest for peace construct. We assumed that sustainable business practices and quest for peace are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. We anchored our study on the Theories of Positive Peace, Sustainable Development, and Humanistic Management. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We selected through the non-probability purposive sampling technique, the 20 Publicly - Listed Companies in the Philippines. We then, utilized the monomethod as the data collection technique for selecting the Sustainability Reports published in 2018 and uploaded in the websites of the respective corporations. With this deductive approach, we specifically adopted the pattern matching analytical procedure in the process of our content analysis of information from the Sustainability Reports. Results on fostering economic development revealed numerous jobs created, training and development, as well as trade and business development programs and activities executed. Analysis on espousing corporate citizenship disclosed many programs and activities related to encourage the use of voice from the firm, community engagement, and governance implemented. Findings on respecting the rule of law showed also various programs and activities that cover compliance with Philippine laws, international laws, and environmental standards. Findings also indicated that the nexus of sustainable business practices and the quest for peace aims to build companies of enduring greatness by doing good and working toward a sustainable future. In conducting responsible business, they were able to help in attaining positive peace in our coun try, which, in return, is essential for sustainable development, as manifested by their significant contribution in achieving sustainable development/growth, working closely with regulators to achieve shared goals; and protecting the environment and preserving natural resources. We recommend that there should be a coordinated effort of all the stakeholders to ensure that there is an integrated and holistic approach in the sustainability of the business sector to promote positive peace.We also propose to undertake further research on employing quantitative approach by using business, financial, and socio-economic indicators to address the limitations of this study. ReferencesBoulding, E. (2000). Cultures of peace: The hidden side of history. Syracuse University Press. Brauch, H. G., Oswald Spring, U., Grin, J., Scheffran, J. (Ed.). (2016). Handbook on sustainability transition and sustainable peace. Springer.Cortright, D. (2009). Peace: A history of movements and ideas. Cambridge University Press.Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.Edralin, D. & Pastrana, R. (2019). Sustainability initiatives and practices of selected top universities in Asia, Europe, and USA. Bedan Research Journal. 4, April, 24-45.Elkington, J. (2018, June 25). 25 years ago I coined the phrase “triple bottom line.” Here’s why it’s time to rethink it. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/06/25-years-ago-i-coined-the-phrasetriple-bottom-line-heres-why-im-giving-up-on-it.Ercoşkun, Ö.Y. (2005). Sustainable city plans against development plans. Gazi University Journal of Science, 18(3): 529-544.Ford, J. (2015). Perspectives on the evolving “Business and Peace: Debate”. Academy of Management Perspective,29(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0142Forrer, J., &Katsos, J. (2015). Business and peace in the buffer condition. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(4), 438-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0130Forrer, J., Fort, T., & Gilpin, R. (2012). How business can foster peace.Washington, DC: United States. Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR315.pdfFort, T. L. (2007). Business, integrity, and peace: Beyond geopolitical and disciplinary boundaries. Cambridge University Press.Fort, T.L., & Schipani, C.A. (2001, November). The role of the corporation in fostering peace (William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 422). https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/39806/wp422.pdf?sequence=3Fort, T.L., & Schipani, C.A. (2003). Corporate governance and sustainable peace: Intra-organizational dimensions of business behavior and reduced levels of violence. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 36(2), 367-386.Fort, T., & Schipani, C. (2004). The ecological challenges of war: The natural environment and disease. In the Role of Business in Fostering Peaceful Societies (pp. 183-222). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488634.007Fort, T.L., & Schipani, C.A. (2007). An action plan for the role of business in fostering peace. American Business Law Journal, 44(2), 359-377.Friedman, M. (1970, September). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, 33, 122-126.Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research. 6(3), 167–191.Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilisation. International Peace Research Insitute.Galtung, J., Jacobsen, C., & Brand-Jacobsen, K. F. (2002). Searching for peace: The road to TRANSCEND. Pluto Press. Global Compact, United Nations. (2006). What is the Global Compact? https://www.unglobal compact.org/aboutInstitute for Economics & Peace (2018, October). Positive peace report 2018: Analysing the factors that sustain peace. http://visionofhumanity.org/reportsKirbassov, G. (n.d.). Peace and sustainable development: A two-way relationship (PositionPaperand Policy Recommendations). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/getWSDoc.php?id=3533Leonardsson, H., & Gustav,R. (2015).The ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding: A literature review of effective and emancipatory local peace building. Third World Quarterly, 36(5), 825-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1029905Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2010) Towards a conceptual framework of ’business models for sustainability'. In R. Wever, J. Quist, A. Tukker, J. Woudstra, F. Boons, N. Beute (Eds.), Knowledge collaboration & learning for sustainable innovation. Academic Press.Mac Ginty, R. (2012). International peacebuilding and local resistance: Hybrid forms of peace. Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230307Martinez-Soliman, M. (2017) Sustainable Development and Sustaining Peace, UNDP, Bureau for Policy and Promotional Support.Mele, D. (2013). Antecedents and current situation of humanistic management. African Journal of Business Ethics, 7(2), 52-61. https:// doi.org/10.4103/1817-7417.123079Oetzel, J., Westermann-Behaylo, M., Koerber, C. et al. (2009). Business and peace: Sketching the terrain. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4),351-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0411-7Post, J. E., Preston, L. E., & Sachs, S. (2002). Redefining the corporation: Stakeholder management and organizational wealth. Stanford University Press.Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.Small-Warner, K., Abuzeinab, A., &Taki, A. (2018). A review of sustainable business models and strategic sustainable development. Journal of Business Models, 6(2). 84-89. https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jbm.v6i2.2470SSpreitzer, G.(2007). Giving peace a chance: Organizational leadership, empowerment, and peace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(8), 1077-1095. https:// doi.org/10.1002/job.487.UN (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.aspVirji, H., Sharifi, A., Kaneko, S., &Simangan, D. (2019). 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Matsumoto, Masashi, Masazumi Arao, Shota Katayama, Shiori Kudo, Takahiko Asaoka, Yoichiro Tsuji, Yoshiharu Sakurai, Yoshiharu Uchimoto et Hideto Imai. « Multi-Modal Structure and Distribution Analysis of Functional Groups on Carbon Supports for Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n^o 37 (22 décembre 2023) : 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371745mtgabs.

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Although structures of the functional groups formed on the surface of the carbon supports and their distribution on/inside supports have crucial impacts on determining performance of the catalyst electrodes, understanding of the relationship between them remains unclear, because of limitation of experimental methods for quantitative analysis of them with high spatial resolution. It is well-known that functional groups of the catalyst supports affect chemical properties of the supports, such as, redox- and acid-base properties, hydrophobicity, and electronic interaction. Thus, they should have a great influence on various aspects those related to the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), such as the activity, mass transportability, and durability of the catalysts and catalyst layers, and manufacturing process of catalysts and catalyst layer. 1,2). Furthermore, recently, in addition to various conventional high-surface area carbon supports, such as, Vulcan and Ketjen black, accessible carbon supports with mesopores which can host Pt particles protects them from direct ionomer adsorption and allow proton and O2 to have reasonable access to Pt particles, have been attracting great attention for improving catalyst utilization, activity, mass transportability, and suppression of Pt dissolution 3-5). The relationship between structure variation of functional groups on various supports and electrode performances should be of interest. The major difficulty for analyzing the functional groups on carbon supports come from the structure complexity of carbon surface (as well as inner part of the carbon particles), inhomogeneous distribution of various functional groups produced in various chemical processes, and multi-component structure of catalyst electrodes with catalysts and ionomers. Against such background, in this study, we have developed a new experimental approach utilizing multi-modal analysis method with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), temperature-programmed-desorption mass spectroscopy (TPD-MS), vibrational spectroscopy, electron tomography (3D-TEM), and cryo transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). By combining suitable experimental probes for each structural feature and each component in multi-component structures, and by analyzing in integrated manner, we are able to understand the complex structure of functional groups on and inside carbon supports. Here, we demonstrate an example of the analysis for Vulcan (VULCAN® XC72, Cabot Corporation) and Pt-supported Vulcan (TEC10V30E, Tanaka Kikinnzoku Kogyo K. K. ). Vulcan is a solid carbon support used for polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalysts. The sample was reduced for about 30 minutes in a 100% hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) using synchrotron radiation x-rays with x-ray energy of 8 keV (BL46XU at SPring-8) . Also soft X-ray XAS were performed on BL1N2 at Aichi SR . Figure 1 shows the C1s HAXPES spectrum and the C K-edge XANES spectrum acquired by total electron yield (TEY) method. HAXPES was normalized by the signal intensity of the C-C substrate components (sp2, sp3) of the support at 284.5 eV 6), whereas the C K-edge XANES is normalized by the signal intensity of the 2pz (π*) orbital extending perpendicular to the carbon hexagonal network plane of the C–C substrate component of the support at 285.2 eV 7, 8). The functional groups are clearly observed in both spectra and the signal intensity of the functional group of the Pt catalyst increased with respect to the support alone, indicating that the amount of functional group on the support increased due to the Pt loading process. By combining other experimental results and theoretical simulations, the relationship between structure properties and electrode performance can be discussed. Acknowledgement This work was conducted in FC-Platform project supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). References : 1) E. Antolini, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 88, 1 (2009) 2) Y.-J. Wang, N. Zhao, B. Fang, H. Li, X. T. Bi, and H. Wang, Chem Rev 115, 3433 (2015) 3)V. Yarlagadda, M. K. Carpenter, T. E. Moylan, R. S. Kukreja, R. Koestner, W. Gu, L. Thompson, and A. Kongkanand, ACS Energy Letters 3, 618 (2018) 4)S. Ott, A. Orfanidi, H. Schmies, B. Anke, H. N. Nong, J. Hübner, U. Gernert, M. Gliech, M. Lerch and P. Strasser , Nature Mater., 19, 77 (2020) 5)A. Kobayash, T. Fujii, C. Harada, E. Yasumoto, K. Takeda, K. Kakinuma, and M. Uchida, Acs Appl. Energy Mater. 4 2307 (2021) 6) S. Kundu, Y. Wang, W. Xia, and M. Muhler, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 16869 (2008) 7) Y. Murakami, Y. Ota, and T. Okada, Anal. Sci., 39, 67 (2023) 8) C. L. Guillou, S. Bernard. F. de la Pena, and Y. L. Brech, Anal. Chem., 90, 8379 (2018) Figure 1

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Pinheiro Araújo, Wécio. « A estranha objetividade do valor : trabalho, ideologia e capital no pensamento de Marx ». Trilhas Filosóficas 11, n^o 3 (17 avril 2019) : 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v11i3.3545.

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Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital. Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário. Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital. Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage. REFERÊNCIAS ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988. ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013. ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018. ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016. DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305. JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014. HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012. HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008. MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016. MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011. MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008. MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985. MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals. – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013. NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.

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Валиев, Всеволод Сергеевич, Денис Евгеньевич Шамаев, Рустам Равилевич Хасанов et Виталий Викторович Маланин. « ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯХ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ЕЕ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ ». Российский журнал прикладной экологии, n^o 2 (6 juillet 2022) : 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2411-7374.2022.2.61.67.

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При оценке подвижности тяжелых металлов в системе «вода – донные отложения» важно не только понимать условия и особенности фазовых переходов, но и иметь надежные критерии для их оценки и интерпретации. Среди факторов иммобилизации металлов в донных отложениях обычно рассматривают присутствие в них органического вещества и тонкодисперсных фракций и pH среды. Целью исследования явилось построение репрезентативных моделей такой взаимосвязи. Список литературы Бреховских В.Ф. Тяжёлые металлы в донных отложениях Нижней Волги и дельты реки // Вода: химия и экология. 2010. №2. С. 2‒10. Даувальтер В.А. Геоэкология донных отложений озер. Мурманск: МГТУ, 2012. 242 с. Добровольский В.В. Роль гуминовых кислот в формировании миграционных массопотоков тяжелых металлов // Почвоведение. 2004. №1. С. 32‒39. Садчиков А.П. Структурные показатели бактерий и детрита в пресных водоемах (методические аспекты) // Материалы по флоре и фауне Республики Башкортостан / Сборник статей. Вып. XII. Уфа: РИЦ БашГУ, 2016. C. 37‒42. Кочарян А.Г., Веницианов Е.В., Сафронова Н.С., Серенькая Е.П. Сезонные изменения форм нахождения тяжёлых металлов в донных отложениях Куйбышевского водохранилища // Водные ресурсы. 2003. Т. 30, №4. С. 443‒451. Толкачёв Г.Ю. Сравнительная характеристика содержания и форм существования микроэлементов в донных отложениях различных районов р. Волга // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2017. №3. С. 85‒89. Толкачёв Г.Ю. Тяжёлые металлы в системе «вода–донные отложения». Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2012. 98 с. Balls P.W. The partition of trace metals between dissolved and particulate phases in European coastal waters: A compilation of field data and comparison with laboratory studies // Netherlands journal of sea research. 1989. Vol. 23, iss. 1. Р. 7–14. Bantan R.A., Al-Dubai T.A., Al-Zubieri A.G. Geo-environmental assessment of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Southern Corniche of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia // Marine pollution bulletin. 2020. Vol. 161(Pt A). 111721. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111721 Baran A., Mierzwa-Hersztek M., Gondek K., Tarnawski M., Szara M. The influence of the quantity and quality of sediment organic matter on the potential mobility and toxicity of trace elements in bottom sediment // Environmental geochemistry and health. 2019. Vol. 41. Р. 2893‒2910. doi: 10.1007/s10653-019-00359-7 Chen J., Gu B., Royer G.B., Burgos R.W. The roles of natural organic matter in chemical and microbial reduction of ferric ion // The science of total environment. 2003. Vol. 307, iss. 1‒3. P. 167‒178 р. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00538-7 Horowitz A.J. A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry. Alexandria, 1985. 67 p. Steell K.F., Wagner G.H. Trace metal relationships in bottom sediments of freshwater stream the Buffalo River, Arkansas. J. Sediment Petrol. 1975. Vol. 45. №1. P. 310–319. Hutchins C.M., Teasdale P.R., Lee J., Simpson S.L. The effect of manipulating sediment pH on the porewater chemistry of copper- and zinc-spiked sediments // Chemosphere. 2007. Vol. 69, №7. Р. 1089‒1099. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.029 Jabłońska-Czapla M., Nocoń K., Szopa S., Łyko A. Impact of the Pb and Zn ore mining industry on the pollution of the Biała Przemsza River, Poland // Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2016. Vol. 188, №5. Р. 262. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5233-3 Joshua E.O., Oyebanjo O.A. Grain-size and heavy mineral analysis of River Osun sediments // Australian journal of basic and applied science. 2010. №4(3). P. 498‒501. Kulbat E., Sokołowska A. Methods of assessment of metal contamination in bottom sediments (Case study: Straszyn Lake, Poland) // Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2019. Vol. 77, №4. Р. 605‒618. doi: 10.1007/s00244-019-00662-5 MacDonald D.D., Ingersoll C.G., Berger T.A. 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Accumulation and transformation of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Yangtze River estuary to the East China Sea shelf // Environmental pollution. 2019. Vol. 245. P. 111‒121. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.128 Steell K.F., Wagner G.H. Trace metal relationships in bottom sediments of freshwater stream the Buffalo River, Arkansas // Journal of sedimentary petrology. 1975. Vol. 45, №1. P. 310–319. Vasiliev O.F., Papina T.S., Pozdnjakov Sh.R. Suspended sediment and associated mercury transport – the case study on the Katun River // Proc. 4 Int. Symp. on river sedimentation. Beijing. China: IRTCES, 1990. P. 155–162. Vodyanitskii Y., Vlasov D. Integrated assessment of affinity to chemical fractions and environmental pollution with heavy metals: a new approach based on sequential extraction results // International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021. Vol. 10, №18(16). Р. 8458. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168458 Wasserman J., Oliveira F., Bidarra M. 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Dzivaltivskyi, Maxim. « Historical formation of the originality of an American choral tradition of the second half of the XX century ». Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, n^o 21 (10 mars 2020) : 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.02.

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Background. Choral work of American composers of the second half of the XX century is characterized by new qualities that have appeared because of not only musical but also non-musical factors generated by the system of cultural, historical and social conditions. Despite of a serious amount of scientific literature on the history of American music, the choral layer of American music remains partially unexplored, especially, in Ukrainian musical science, that bespeaks the science and practical novelty of the research results. The purpose of this study is to discover and to analyze the peculiarities of the historical formation and identity of American choral art of the second half of the twentieth century using the the works of famous American artists as examples. The research methodology is based on theoretical, historical and analytical methods, generalization and specification. Results. The general picture of the development of American composers’ practice in the genre of choral music is characterized by genre and style diversity. In our research we present portraits of iconic figures of American choral music in the period under consideration. So, the choral works of William Dawson (1899–1990), one of the most famous African-American composers, are characterized by the richness of the choral texture, intense sonority and demonstration of his great understanding of the vocal potential of the choir. Dawson was remembered, especially, for the numerous arrangements of spirituals, which do not lose their popularity. Aaron Copland (1899–1990), which was called “the Dean of American Composers”, was one of the founder of American music “classical” style, whose name associated with the America image in music. Despite the fact that the composer tends to atonalism, impressionism, jazz, constantly uses in his choral opuses sharp dissonant sounds and timbre contrasts, his choral works associated with folk traditions, written in a style that the composer himself called “vernacular”, which is characterized by a clearer and more melodic language. Among Copland’s famous choral works are “At The River”, “Four Motets”, “In the Beginning”, “Lark”, “The Promise of Living”; “Stomp Your Foot” (from “The Tender Land”), “Simple Gifts”, “Zion’s Walls” and others. Dominick Argento’s (1927–2019) style is close to the style of an Italian composer G. C. Menotti. Argento’s musical style, first of all, distinguishes the dominance of melody, so he is a leading composer in the genre of lyrical opera. Argento’s choral works are distinguished by a variety of performers’ stuff: from a cappella choral pieces – “A Nation of Cowslips”, “Easter Day” for mixed choir – to large-scale works accompanied by various instruments: “Apollo in Cambridge”, “Odi et Amo”, “Jonah and the Whale”, “Peter Quince at the Clavier”, “Te Deum”, “Tria Carmina Paschalia”, “Walden Pond”. For the choir and percussion, Argento created “Odi et Amo” (“I Hate and I Love”), 1981, based on the texts of the ancient Roman poet Catullus, which testifies to the sophistication of the composer’s literary taste and his skill in reproducing complex psychological states. The most famous from Argento’s spiritual compositions is “Te Deum” (1988), where the Latin text is combined with medieval English folk poetry, was recorded and nominated for a Grammy Award. Among the works of Samuel Barber’s (1910–1981) vocal and choral music were dominating. His cantata “Prayers of Kierkegaard”, based on the lyrics of four prayers by this Danish philosopher and theologian, for solo soprano, mixed choir and symphony orchestra is an example of an eclectic trend. Chapter I “Thou Who art unchangeable” traces the imitation of a traditional Gregorian male choral singing a cappella. Chapter II “Lord Jesus Christ, Who suffered all lifelong” for solo soprano accompanied by oboe solo is an example of minimalism. Chapter III “Father in Heaven, well we know that it is Thou” reflects the traditions of Russian choral writing. William Schumann (1910–1992) stands among the most honorable and prominent American composers. In 1943, he received the first Pulitzer Prize for Music for Cantata No 2 “A Free Song”, based on lyrics from the poems by Walt Whitman. In his choral works, Schumann emphasized the lyrics of American poetry. Norman Luboff (1917–1987), the founder and conductor of one of the leading American choirs in the 1950–1970s, is one of the great American musicians who dared to dedicate most of their lives to the popular media cultures of the time. Holiday albums of Christmas Songs with the Norman Luboff Choir have been bestselling for many years. In 1961, Norman Luboff Choir received the Grammy Award for Best Performance by a Chorus. Luboff’s productive work on folk song arrangements, which helped to preserve these popular melodies from generation to generation, is considered to be his main heritage. The choral work by Leonard Bernstein (1918–1990) – a great musician – composer, pianist, brilliant conductor – is represented by such works as “Chichester Psalms”, “Hashkiveinu”, “Kaddish” Symphony No 3)”,”The Lark (French & Latin Choruses)”, “Make Our Garden Grow (from Candide)”, “Mass”. “Chichester Psalms”, where the choir sings lyrics in Hebrew, became Bernstein’s most famous choral work and one of the most successfully performed choral masterpieces in America. An equally popular composition by Bernstein is “Mass: A Theater Piece for Singers, Players, and Dancers”, which was dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy, the stage drama written in the style of a musical about American youth in searching of the Lord. More than 200 singers, actors, dancers, musicians of two orchestras, three choirs are involved in the performance of “Mass”: a four-part mixed “street” choir, a four-part mixed academic choir and a two-part boys’ choir. The eclecticism of the music in the “Mass” shows the versatility of the composer’s work. The composer skillfully mixes Latin texts with English poetry, Broadway musical with rock, jazz and avant-garde music. Choral cycles by Conrad Susa (1935–2013), whose entire creative life was focused on vocal and dramatic music, are written along a story line or related thematically. Bright examples of his work are “Landscapes and Silly Songs” and “Hymns for the Amusement of Children”; the last cycle is an fascinating staging of Christopher Smart’s poetry (the18 century). The composer’s music is based on a synthesis of tonal basis, baroque counterpoint, polyphony and many modern techniques and idioms drawn from popular music. The cycle “Songs of Innocence and of Experience”, created by a composer and a pianist William Bolcom (b. 1938) on the similar-titled poems by W. Blake, represents musical styles from romantic to modern, from country to rock. More than 200 vocalists take part in the performance of this work, in academic choruses (mixed, children’s choirs) and as soloists; as well as country, rock and folk singers, and the orchestral musicians. This composition successfully synthesizes an impressive range of musical styles: reggae, classical music, western, rock, opera and other styles. Morten Lauridsen (b. 1943) was named “American Choral Master” by the National Endowment for the Arts (2006). The musical language of Lauridsen’s compositions is very diverse: in his Latin sacred works, such as “Lux Aeterna” and “Motets”, he often refers to Gregorian chant, polyphonic techniques of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and mixes them with modern sound. Lauridsen’s “Lux Aeterna” is a striking example of the organic synthesis of the old and the new traditions, or more precisely, the presentation of the old in a new way. At the same time, his other compositions, such as “Madrigali” and “Cuatro Canciones”, are chromatic or atonal, addressing us to the technique of the Renaissance and the style of postmodernism. Conclusions. Analysis of the choral work of American composers proves the idea of moving the meaningful centers of professional choral music, the gradual disappearance of the contrast, which had previously existed between consumer audiences, the convergence of positions of “third direction” music and professional choral music. In the context of globalization of society and media culture, genre and stylistic content, spiritual meanings of choral works gradually tend to acquire new features such as interaction of ancient and modern musical systems, traditional and new, modified folklore and pop. There is a tendency to use pop instruments or some stylistic components of jazz, such as rhythm and intonation formula, in choral compositions. Innovative processes, metamorphosis and transformations in modern American choral music reveal its integration specificity, which is defined by meta-language, which is formed basing on interaction and dialogue of different types of thinking and musical systems, expansion of the musical sound environment, enrichment of acoustic possibilities of choral music, globalization intentions. Thus, the actualization of new cultural dominants and the synthesis of various stylistic origins determine the specificity of American choral music.

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