Bibliographies thématiques / VLRE

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « VLRE »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "VLRE"

1

Das, Sabyasachi, Masayuki Hirano, Jonathan Rast et Max D. Cooper. « Hypothetical evolutionary models of the variable lymphocyte receptor genes in jawless vertebrates ». Journal of Immunology 204, no 1_Supplement (1 mai 2020) : 92.35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.92.35.

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Abstract Both humoral and cellular arms of an adaptive immune system are common to jawed and jawless vertebrates. However, whereas antigen recognition in the jawed vertebrates is mediated by immunoglobulin domain-based B cell receptors and T cell receptors, antigen recognition in jawless vertebrates is mediated by leucine-rich repeat (LRR) sequences in variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). Three types of VLR genes (VLRA, VLRB and VLRC) have been characterized in the extant jawless vertebrates, lampreys and hagfishes. VLRA- and VLRC-producing cells are T cell-like, while VLRB-producing cells are B cell-like. The VLRs are assembled by copying neighboring LRR sequences into the incomplete germline genes. In searching for the evolutionary origin of the VLRs we identified hypothetical VLR-like progenitors in amphioxus and tunicates (VLRPs). Molecular cladistics markers and phylogenetic analysis suggest the VLRPs are structurally more similar than other ancestral candidates to assembled VLRs. Based on our further analysis we propose alternative models for the origin of VLRs: (A) Among the VLRs, VLRB is most similar to the ancestral state and two subsequent duplication events gave rise to VLRC and VLRA-like genes; each of the three ancestral VLR genes in a common jawless vertebrate ancestor was then modified by cut and paste transposition of the internal DNA region encoding multiple LRR modules. (B) A cut and paste transposition event in an ancestral VLRB-like gene was followed by sequential duplication events which gave rise to VLRC and VLRA. In both models, subsequent duplications and fragmentations have generated a large array of genomic donor cassettes. Thus, after the emergence of the three VLR loci, each has undergone independent evolution.
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Li, Jianxu, Peng Guo, Masayuki Hirano, Brantley Herrin et Max Cooper. « Cellular and molecular characterization of hagfish VLR-based adaptive immune system (VET2P.1043) ». Journal of Immunology 192, no 1_Supplement (1 mai 2014) : 207.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.207.15.

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Abstract Jawless vertebrates have an alternative adaptive immune system in which variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) are somatically diversified through recombinatorial assembly of leucine-rich repeat cassettes during lymphocyte development. Three VLR loci (VLRA, VLRB, and VLRC) have been defined in lampreys and each is expressed by a distinct lymphocyte population. Lamprey VLRA and VLRC are expressed by T-like lineages of lymphocytes, whereas VLRB is expressed by a B-like lineage of lymphocytes, much like αβ T, γδ T and B cells in jawed vertebrates. Recently we have revised the nomenclature for the hagfish VLRs by defining a third VLR gene. Here, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were generated against invariant residues of hagfish VLRA, VLRB and VLRC and these were used to identify VLR-bearing lymphocytes and their products. We found that hagfish VLRA, VLRB and VLRC are expressed by three separate lymphocyte populations. Size-exclusion chromatography and western blot analysis indicated that multivalent VLRB proteins are released into the circulation, which suggests that hagfish VLRB+ cells are B-cell like. In contrast, neither VLRA nor VLRC was detectable in the plasma, supporting the hypothesis that these two lymphocyte populations are T-cell like. The demonstration of three lymphocyte populations in both lampreys and hagfish suggests that this tripartite lymphocytic differentiation program already existed in a common ancestor of the two cyclostome lineages around 480 Mya.
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Guo, Peng, Lanier Gartland, Jianxu Li, Masayuki Hirano, Matthew Alder, Brantley Herrin, Jeffrey Sides, Masanori Kasahara et Max Cooper. « Characterization of adaptive immune receptors in hagfish (170.13) ». Journal of Immunology 186, no 1_Supplement (1 avril 2011) : 170.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.170.13.

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Abstract Instead of the immunoglobulin based antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, jawless fish use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) comprised of leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) segments for antigen recognition. Two VLR genes, VLRA and VLRB, have been identified in both lampreys and hagfish. A third VLR, so called VLRC was recently discovered in lampreys. An extensive VLR repertoire is generated through the insertion of diverse LRR sequences into an incomplete germline VLR gene by a gene conversion mechanism. Earlier studies of sea lampreys have shown that VLRB lymphocytes resemble B cells of jawed vertebrates, whereas VLRA lymphocytes are similar to T cells. For the present studies, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the invariant stalk regions of hagfish VLRA and VLRB were produced to identify the VLR-bearing lymphocytes and their products. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that VLRA and VLRB are expressed by separate lymphocyte populations, with VLRA lymphocytes being the dominant population. Western blot and gel-filtration analyses indicated that hagfish VLRB antibodies are released into the circulation as multimeric proteins that are formed by non-covalent linkage of four or five disulfide-bonded VLRB dimers. Conversely, soluble VLRA is not detected in hagfish plasma. These findings indicate that distinctive T-like and B-like lineages are a common feature of the adaptive immune system in both lampreys and hagfish, in keeping with their monophyletic relationship.
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Hirano, Masayuki, Yoichi Sutoh, Sabyasachi Das et Max Cooper. « Evolution of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases in lampreys ». Journal of Immunology 202, no 1_Supplement (1 mai 2019) : 73.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.73.1.

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Abstract Jawless vertebrates, lampreys and hagfish, have antigen receptors termed variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) segments. Three types of VLR genes, VLRA, VLRB and VLRC, are somatically assembled in lymphocytes by a gene conversion-like process. In this process, flanking LRR gene cassettes are randomly and sequentially incorporated in a piece-wise fashion into an incomplete germline VLR gene to generate mature VLR genes. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a member of AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases (CDAs), is a well-known contributor to antigen receptor diversification in jawed vertebrates. We have only limited information about the molecular basis for the assembly and diversification of VLR genes in jawless vertebrates. Two AID/APOBEC-type CDAs, CDA1 and CDA2, have been reported in lampreys. We have previously shown that CDA1 is expressed in VLRA+ and VLRC+ lymphocytes, whereas the CDA2 is expressed in VLRB+ lymphocytes. VLRA and VLRC gene assembly coincide with expression of CDA1 in the gill tip region displaying thymus-equivalent features. Although CDA1 has been shown to induce C to U mutations in bacterial and yeast DNA, mutational activity of CDA2 has not been reported. To find molecules for VLRB gene assembly, we have searched the lamprey genomic database and our transcriptome data from lamprey lymphocytes, and have identified four splice variants of CDA2. Gene expression analysis indicated that all CDA2 splice variants are expressed only in VLRB+ cells. We also found that some of the CDA2 splice variants have AID-like mutational activity in the in vitro system. These results suggest the function and regulation of CDA2 splice variants in VLRB+ cells.
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Das, Sabyasachi, Jianxu Li, Masayuki Hirano, Jonathan Rast et Max D. Cooper. « Evolutionary modification of the VLR-based adaptive immune system in jawless vertebrates : Functional implications ». Journal of Immunology 200, no 1_Supplement (1 mai 2018) : 59.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.59.2.

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Abstract The three types of variable lymphocyte receptor genes, VLRA, VLRB and VLRC, in the extant jawless vertebrates, encode antigen receptors, the remarkably diverse repertoire of which is generated by insertion of neighboring leucine rich repeat (LRR) sequences into the incomplete germline genes. In both lampreys and hagfish, the B-cell like VLRB+ cells differentiate into VLRB-secreting plasma cells, whereas the αβ and γδ T cell-like VLRA+ and VLRC+ cells express their VLR products solely as cell surface proteins. However, in comparative studies of lampreys and hagfish, we find that remarkable functional differences have evolved in these lymphocyte lineages. In contrast with their striking predominance in lampreys, the VLRB+ cells constitute a minor lymphocyte population in hagfish, and the VLRC+ cells are predominate. Notably the germline VLRB gene in hagfish contains a short non-coding intervening sequence, whereas the VLRB genes in sea lampreys and Japanese lampreys have very long intervening sequences which contain multiple transposable elements that may influence VLRB expression. In keeping with the relative low numbers of hagfish VLRB+ cells, antibody responses to a model immunogen, sheep erythrocytes, are much less robust in hagfish than in lampreys. Thus, even though the fundamental genetic program for differentiation of two prototypic T-like lymphocyte lineages and one B-like lineage is conserved in both jawless and jawed vertebrates, the genetic programs used for fine tuning of the VLR-based immunity have undergone notable independent evolutionary changes in lampreys and hagfish over the past ~480 million years.
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Morimoto, Ryo, Connor P. O’Meara, Stephen J. Holland, Inês Trancoso, Ahmed Souissi, Michael Schorpp, Danièle Vassaux et al. « Cytidine deaminase 2 is required for VLRB antibody gene assembly in lampreys ». Science Immunology 5, no 45 (13 mars 2020) : eaba0925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aba0925.

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The antibodies of jawless vertebrates consist of leucine-rich repeat arrays encoded by somatically assembled VLRB genes. It is unknown how the incomplete germline VLRB loci are converted into functional antibody genes during B lymphocyte development in lampreys. In Lampetra planeri larvae lacking the cytidine deaminase CDA2 gene, VLRB assembly fails, whereas the T lineage–associated VLRA and VLRC antigen receptor gene assemblies occur normally. Thus, CDA2 acts in a B cell lineage–specific fashion to support the somatic diversification of VLRB antibody genes. CDA2 is closely related to activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is essential for the elaboration of immunoglobulin gene repertoires in jawed vertebrates. Our results thus identify a convergent mechanism of antigen receptor gene assembly and diversification that independently evolved in the two sister branches of vertebrates.
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Li, Jianxu, Brantley Herrin, Peng Guo et Max Cooper. « Analysis of the assembly mechanism for multimeric lamprey VLRB antibodies (43.19) ». Journal of Immunology 184, no 1_Supplement (1 avril 2010) : 43.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.43.19.

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Abstract Instead of the immunoglobulin-type antigen receptors in jawed vertebrates, the surviving jawless vertebrates use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are constructed with variable leucine-rich repeat (LRR) sequences to recognize antigens. Two VLR genes in lamprey and hagfish are somatically assembled during lymphopoiesis using a gene conversion-like mechanism in which highly diverse LRR flanking sequences are copied in serial fashion to construct mature VLRs. Lamprey have been shown to secrete polymeric VLRB antibodies that consist of 8-12 identical disulfide-linked subunits. The overall structure of VLRB antibodies resembles that of IgM antibodies in that both are composed of 4-6 dimers. Previous studies have shown that eight cysteines in the C-terminal hydrophobic region are involved in assembly of the multivalent VLRB antibodies through formation of disulfide bonds. We have characterized a panel of VLRB Cys to Ser mutants using site-directed mutagenesis to determine which cysteines are used for disulfide bond formation and VLRB polymerization. Two or more disulfide bonds were found to be essential for VLRB dimerization and polymerization. Our data further suggest that the carboxy-terminal cysteines 5, 6, 7, and 8 form the cornerstone for VLRB dimerization and polymerization, whereas cysteines 1, 2, 3, and 4 contribute to the stability of the polymer structure.
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Hassan, Khan M. A., John D. Hansen, Brantley R. Herrin et Chris T. Amemiya. « Generation of Lamprey Monoclonal Antibodies (Lampribodies) Using the Phage Display System ». Biomolecules 9, no 12 (12 décembre 2019) : 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120868.

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The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) consist of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) and comprise the humoral antibodies produced by lampreys and hagfishes. The diversity of the molecules is generated by stepwise genomic rearrangements of LRR cassettes dispersed throughout the VLRB locus. Previously, target-specific monovalent VLRB antibodies were isolated from sea lamprey larvae after immunization with model antigens. Further, the cloned VLR cDNAs from activated lamprey leukocytes were transfected into human cell lines or yeast to select best binders. Here, we expand on the overall utility of the VLRB technology by introducing it into a filamentous phage display system. We first tested the efficacy of isolating phage into which known VLRB molecules were cloned after a series of dilutions. These experiments showed that targeted VLRB clones could easily be recovered even after extensive dilutions (1 to 109). We further utilized the system to isolate target-specific “lampribodies” from phage display libraries from immunized animals and observed an amplification of binders with relative high affinities by competitive binding. The lampribodies can be individually purified and ostensibly utilized for applications for which conventional monoclonal antibodies are employed.
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Yu, Cuiling, Götz Ehrhardt et Max Cooper. « A lamprey monoclonal VLR antibody against human CD5 (65.34) ». Journal of Immunology 186, no 1_Supplement (1 avril 2011) : 65.34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.65.34.

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Abstract The recently identified VLRB antibodies of the agnathan sea lamprey use highly variable leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that assume a solenoid shape to bind antigens. Solved structures of monoclonal VLRB antibodies complexed to the H-trisaccharide or HEL show that antigens bind to variable residues in the beta-sheets located on the concave surface of specific VLRB antibodies. In this study we screened clones of a lamprey VLR cDNA expression library prepared from animals immunized with human CD4+ T cells to identify a monoclonal VLRB antibody (T32) that bound to human T lymphocytes, but not mouse T cells. Modulation of the expression levels of the TCR/CD3 complex by mouse antibodies did not affect VLR T32 binding. Staining of T cells, tonsilar B cells and malignant B-CLL cells with VLRB T32 and a mouse anti-CD5 mAb (clone UCHT2) demonstrated a diagonal co-staining pattern for each population of the test cells. Transfection of the CD5-negative OCI-Ly3 cell line with a human CD5 cDNA construct resulted in VLR T32 binding of transfected but not of untransfected cells. Staining of CD5+ cells by VLR T32 was not blocked by pre-incubation with the mouse UCHT2 anti-CD5 mAb, which suggests that they recognizes different CD5 epitopes. We conclude that lamprey monoclonal VLR antibodies offer useful alternatives to conventional antibodies for biomedical purposes.
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Moot, Robert, Sunil Raikar, Lauren C. Fleischer, David McCarty, Melissa Querrey, Christopher B. Doering et H. Trent Spencer. « Expanding the Ligand Binding Repertoire of Chimeric Antigen Receptors Using Lamprey Variable Lymphocyte Receptors ». Blood 126, no 23 (3 décembre 2015) : 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3244.3244.

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Abstract Although chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are yielding promising clinical results, the technology remains limited by the availability of conjugate cancer cell target antigens. As a means to increase both the identification of cancer cell target antigens and simultaneously generate unique single chain binding domain structures we utilized the immune system of jawless vertebrates. Sea lamprey possess an adaptive immune system primarily characterized by variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) as membrane bound and soluble immune effectors analogous but not homologous to immunoglobulins (Ig). VLRs have a fundamentally different structure and geometry than Ig-based antibodies while still demonstrating high degrees of specificity and avidity. Additionally, VLRs exist naturally as single chain structures with their variable region consisting of multiple assembled repeating sequences termed leucine rich repeats. These repeats can be directly inserted onto a CAR scaffold by genetic engineering. To test this platform technology, a yeast display method previously described (Tasumi et al., PNAS 2009; Xu et al., Humana press 2011) was used as a means of assaying and selecting appropriate VLRs. VLRs meeting the set criteria are sequenced and cloned into a lentiviral vector (LV) CAR transgene cassette plasmid. We constructed a CAR containing a well characterized VLR specific for the B cell receptor of a murine B cell leukemia (BCL) cell line. The CAR design incorporates the anti-BCL-VLR, Myc tag, CD28 transmembrane domain, and the intracellular CD3ζ signaling domain. SIN VLR-CAR LV was produced at high titer (~1x108) and used to transduce Jurkat cells. Transduced Jurkat cells showed successful CAR protein expression confirmed via Western Blot as well as persistent surface CAR expression for over 2 months with cell viability remaining over 85%. To determine whether the VLR was capable of signaling through the CAR, transduced Jurkat cells were incubated with the BCL cell line expressing the target B cell receptor. Using this assay, we demonstrated potent T cell activation via the VLR-CAR. CAR expressing T-cells demonstrated activation in ~80% of the cells. Furthermore, NK-92 cells expressing the VLR-CAR demonstrated an ability to recognize and kill BCL cells at target to effector ratios as low as 1:1, with 30% target cell killing. Little to no killing was observed with a control B cell line. Additionally, we created a CAR using a published VLR sequence targeting the human surface antigen CD5 (Yu et al., J. Immunol Methods, 2012). CD5 is primarily a T-cell marker, thus an anti-CD5-VLRCAR could be potentially used to target T-cell malignancies. Jurkat cells were transduced with high titer SIN VLR-CAR LV at various MOIs. Since Jurkat cells express CD5 on their surface, we tested the different transduced groups for self-activation at several time points. The corresponding transduced copy number was determined using quantitative PCR. The degree of activation directly correlated with the LV copy number, with highest activation being seen when the MOI approach 50, with >60% highly activated cells. No activation was observed in the GFP control groups. Additionally, we engineered three different CAR constructs consisting of two CD5 VLRs connected by either a helical linker with a 180° rotation, a helical linker with a 360° rotation, or a non-rigid linker allowing for flexibility among the two VLRs. Transduced Jurkat cells expressing the double CD5-VLR CARs indicated, via flow cytometry, that linking two VLRs does not provide any benefit in terms of activation compared to the single CD5-VLR-CAR. Current testing includes the use of NK-92 cells expressing the anti-CD5-VLR-CAR against T cell leukemia cell lines. Collectively, these results show that VLRs can be used to increase the repertoire of CAR binding motifs. Furthermore, these data suggest that VLRs provide both a unique and effective method for activating CAR-T cells and can expand the number and variety of antigens that may be targeted. Disclosures Doering: Expression Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; Bayer Healthcare: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Thèses sur le sujet "VLRE"

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Hillen, Francis. « Improved method for VLE data reduction ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248601.

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Bharadwaj, Hari Krishna. « CO2 Separation Using Regenerable Magnesium Solutions Dissolution, Kinectics and VLSE Studies ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352485483.

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Saraiva, Catarina Ribeiro. « VLE and activity coefficients of ionic liquids + water systems ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14508.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Química
The industrial progress is a phenomenon more and more present worldwide, where it is possible to observe an increasing demand for innovation, which therefore results in competitiveness and growth. A consequence of this innovation is the discovery of a novel type of compounds such as: the ionic liquids. These have attracted a high interest in the recent years due to its characteristics, namely: low vapour pressure, good thermal stability, etc. This new class of compounds has a large range of applications, for instance in cooling absorption. The industrial application of ionic liquids (ILs) requires the knowledge of their termophysical properties, their phase behaviour and of their mixtures. This work addresses the study of those thermodynamic properties of water + ionic liquids systems using the state equation soft-SAFT EoS, the ILs under study are: 1-butyl-3-methyli midazolium trifluoromethanesulfunate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium methanesulfunate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate. This work also addresses the description of water activities in ionic liquids. The study began by starting to define the appropriate association scheme of each ionic liquid, then molecular parameters for each compound were regressed using density data at atmospheric pressure, always trying to find the parameter set with the lowest error in the density description. Then it was initiated the vapour-liquid equilibria study of binary systems composed by water + ionic liquid, this study was made for seven mixtures, composed by the ILs previous mentioned and for three different pressure values, namely : 0.1 MPa, 0.07 MPa and 0.05 MPa. Finally, it was started the water activities coefficients study, of the seven systems in order to select the best pair water + IL that best satisfies the application referred above.
A evolução industrial é um fenómeno cada vez mais presente a nível mundial, onde se observa uma elevada procura pela inovação, que se traduz em competitividade e em crescimento. Uma consequência desta inovação está relacionada com a descoberta de um novo tipo de compostos: os líquidos iónicos. Estes têm despertado um elevado interesse nos últimos anos devido às suas características, nomeadamente, baixa pressão de vapor, boa estabilidade térmica etc. Esta nova classe de compostos tem uma vasta gama de aplicações, como por exemplo na área de absorventes para refrigeração. A aplicação industrial dos líquidos iónicos requer o conhecimento das suas propriedades termofísicas e do comportamento do seu equilíbrio de fases. Este trabalho foca-se, pela primeira vez, no estudo dessas propriedades termodinâmicas de sistemas líquidos iónicos (ILs) + água com a equação de estado soft-SAFT (Statistical Associating Fluid Theory). Os ILs em estudo são: trifluorometanosulfonato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, tiocianato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, trifluoroacetato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, metanosulfanato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, cloreto de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, brometo de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio e tiocianato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio. Neste estudo começou-se por definir esquemas associativos apropriados para cada um dos líquidos iónicos, de seguida com base nos esquemas atribuídos e utilizando dados de densidade à pressão atmosférica otimizaram-se os parâmetros moleculares característicos a cada composto, com o menor erro possível na descrição da densidade. De seguida passou-se ao estudo do equilíbrio líquido-vapor de sistemas binários compostos por água + líquido iónico, este estudo foi efetuado para sete misturas, compostas pelos ILs anteriormente apresentados e para 3 valores de pressão distintos, nomeadamente: 0.01 MPa, 0.07 MPa e 0.05 MPa. Por fim, passou-se ao estudo dos coeficientes de atividade da água de cada uma das misturas de forma a selecionar o sistema água + IL que melhor satisfaça as exigências da aplicação inicialmente referida.
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Nosbisch, Leanna Kei De Silva Aravinda Manu. « Antigenic variation at the vlsE locus of the lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,522.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology." Discipline: Microbiology and Immunology; Department/School: Medicine.
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Aldaej, Abdulaziz A. « An enhanced semantic VLE based on schema.org and social media ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807070/.

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After the arrival of the web in the 1990s, educational institutions started to maintain their learning materials within Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), as the web is a significant source of material for many students and teachers. However, there has been less development in the current VLEs in the past few years, which remain heavily centred on single institutions even though the web has been developing (e.g., web 2.0, web 3.0). There is a clear need to integrate VLEs with the wider and social Web and maintain its learning contents freely open in order to support the sharing and reuse of learning resources. In this PhD project, we have prototyped a simple VLE that makes use of Version 7 of the Semantic Content Management System (SCMS) Drupal in order to provide a more open, social and semantically structured learning environment. Essentially, we aim to add semantic markup based on Schema.org vocabularies (the semantic markup that is supported by major search providers including Bing, Google, Yahoo! and Yandex), and integrate social networking and media to develop and enhance VLEs by improving sharing, discovering and reusing of learning contents. In June 2011, the major search engines (Bing, Google, Yahoo! and Yandex) announced the new innovation of Schema.org. This PhD project focuses also on our proposal to Schema.org by proposing additional concepts to describe VLEs’ content with rich semantic information due the limited support for describing educational resources in the current schema. This proposal aims to extend to the previous work that has been included in the schema by The Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI) in order to provide an enhanced approach to describe learning contents with rich semantic data in a VLE context. Through this thesis project, we will introduce, describe, evaluate and discuss the prototyped VLE in order to demonstrate the advantages of social and semantic web technologies for VLEs. We demonstrate how an advanced SCMS such as Drupal can offer advantages over existing VLE platforms in terms of: sharing of learning content with social networks; provision of advanced media features. We also demonstrate how Drupal’s support for schema.org can be used to enhance the findability of on-line learning content, and propose enhancements to schema.org that will make it more relevant to the needs of learning platforms. This proposal has been evaluated by schema.org and LRMI and a working group set up to take the proposal forward.
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Stamoulos, Marios Nikolaos. « Provision of better VLE learner support with a Question Answering System ». Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2016. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/6818/.

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The focus of this research is based on the provision of user support to students using electronic means of communication to aid their learning. Digital age brought anytime anywhere access of learning resources to students. Most academic institutions and also companies use Virtual Learning Environments to provide their learners with learning material. All learners using the VLE have access to the same material and help despite their existing knowledge and interests. This work uses the information in the learning materials of Virtual Learning Environments to answer questions and provide student help by a Question Answering System. The aim of this investigation is to research if a satisfactory combination of Question Answering, Information Retrieval and Automatic Summarisation techniques within a VLE will help/support the student better than existing systems (full text search engines).
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Windarp, Josefin. « Usability and learning potential of virtual learning environments which applies spaced repetition : A case study on sharplet.com ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskaplig kommunikation och lärande (ECE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-179138.

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The increasing amount of learning tools developed in the virtual room enables more flexible learning; it can be personalized and reduce distance barriers. But researchers search to find design guidelines and user needs that relates to these learning tools. This thesis follows that path and researches the usability and learning potential of virtual learning environments (VLEs) which applies spaced repetition. A case study was performed in order to implement the extensive theoretical research regarding usability, e-learning and learning. The results generated improvement recommendations to the company of the case studied VLE. This thesis contributes to the research field by using usability aspects and learning perspectives as tools to analyze VLEs in general, as well as on a specific VLE.
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Possani, Luiz Felipe Kusler. « Correlação simultânea de IDAC, VLE e LLE com o modelo F-SAC ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/107500.

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Neste trabalho, o modelo F-SAC (Functional-Segment Activity Coefficient) foi revisado e estendido de modo a representar, simultaneamente, coeficiente de atividade à diluição infinita (IDAC), equilíbrio líquido-líquido (LLE) e equilíbrio líquido-vapor (VLE), em amplos intervalos de temperatura. Originalmente, o modelo F-SAC foi calibrado essencialmente com dados experimentais de IDAC para diversas misturas. Investigouse, portanto, a possibilidade de o modelo levar também em consideração sistemas que apresentem LLE. Para a presente investigação, dois conjuntos de misturas industrialmente interessantes foram selecionados: hidrocarbonetos (alcanos, cicloalcanos, alcenos, cicloalcenos e compostos aromáticos) + n-formilmorfolina (NFM) e hidrocarbonetos + água. Foram propostas duas modificações na equação que calcula a energia de interação entre os grupos: (i) inspirado pelo comportamento típico observado na expansão isobárica de líquidos, um novo parâmetro foi proposto de modo a diminuir o (pequeno) erro sistemático do modelo com a temperatura no termo sem associação; (ii) em misturas associativas, utilizou-se uma equação similar para representar a dependência da energia de ligação de hidrogênio entre dois segmentos com a temperatura. Na estimação de parâmetros do modelo foram utilizados 1130 pontos experimentais de LLE, para 105 sistemas binários e 16 ternários, juntamente com um 815 dados experimentais de IDAC, resultando numa nova tabela de parâmetros. Ao total, foram estimados 42 parâmetros dos grupos e subgrupos. Os resultados do F-SAC foram comparados, quando possível, com diferentes versões do UNIFAC encontradas na literatura. O modelo proposto foi capaz de correlacionar a maior parte dos dados de IDAC e LLE utilizados. Para os dados de IDAC, foram observados desvios médios absolutos de 0,139 e 0,608 unidades de ln para o F-SAC e o UNIFAC(PSRK), respectivamente. Para os dados de LLE, foram observados desvios semelhantes. Finalmente, o F-SAC foi utilizado para representar dados de VLE para os sistemas de compostos aromáticos + NFM. Observou-se desvios médios relativos de 0,038 e 0,082 no cálculo da pressão de bolha utilizando-se o F-SAC e o UNIFAC(PSRK), respectivamente. Estes resultados comprovam a boa capacidade preditiva do modelo, uma vez que nenhum dado de VLE foi utilizado nas estimações. Conclui-se, desta forma, que o modelo FSAC pode ser usado para representar, simultaneamente, IDAC, LLE e VLE de misturas com e sem ligação de hidrogênio, utilizando um único conjunto de parâmetros.
In this work, the F-SAC model (Functional -Segment Activity Coefficient) has been revised and extended in order to simultaneously represent activity coefficient at infinite dilution (IDAC), liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) and vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE), in a wide range of temperature. Originally, the F- SAC model was calibrated essentially with IDAC experimental data for several mixtures. In the present work, the possibility of also taking into account LLE was investigated. For this study, two sets of industrially interesting mixtures were selected : hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes and aromatics) + n-formylmorpholine (NFM) and hydrocarbons + water. Modifications were suggested in the equation that computes the interaction energy for each contact between two segments: (i) inspired by the typical behavior observed in the isobaric expansion of liquids, a new parameter has been proposed in order to reduce the (small) systematic error with the temperature for non-associating systems; (ii) for associating mixtures, a similar equation was proposed to represent the temperature dependence of the hydrogen bond energy between two segments. In the parameterization of the model, 1130 LLE experimental points were used, for 105 binary and 16 ternary systems, along with 815 IDAC experimental points, resulting in a new parameter table. A total of 42 parameters for groups and subgroups were calibrated. The F-SAC results were compared, whenever possible, with different versions of the UNIFAC model, freely available in the literature. The proposed model was able to correlate most of the IDAC and LLE data. For IDAC data, absolute average deviations were 0.139 and 0.608 ln units using F-SAC and UNIFAC(PSRK), respectively. Similar deviations were observed for LLE data. Finally, F-SAC was used to represent VLE data for aromatics + NFM systems. The absolute relative deviations were 0.038 and 0.082 in the bubble pressure calculations for F-SAC and UNIFAC(PSRK), respectively. The VLE results indicate a strong predictive ability of the suggested model, since no VLE data was used in the parameter estimation procedure. The results also indicate that the F-SAC model can be used to represent, simultaneously, IDAC, LLE and VLE for associating and non-associating mixtures, with a single set of parameters.
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Bin, Fryan Latefa. « Good practice framework for virtual learning environment in higher education ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13812.

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Many higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world are investing in the implementation of different Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) to support the teaching and learning process. However, there is a lack of detailed guidelines or a practical framework for the VLE system implementation without which an effective VLE system implementation framework, many of the full potential of VLE system cannot be realised objectives and benefits remain underachieved. A small number of frameworks specific for VLE system implementation are reported in the literature; however, these are not comprehensive in terms of covering the entire end-to-end implementation, do not consider all the key elements of a VLE system implementation and are far from integrated. Moreover, a practice-based framework that considers various organisational, pedagogical, and technological aspects and covers the entire end-to-end implementation, is not available in the current literature, and there is no complete set of guidelines to be used by HEIs to support and manage an effective VLE system implementation. Therefore, further research is needed for investigating various key elements and for identifying aspects of a good-practice framework for the implementation of VLE systems in HEIs. Particularly, an integrated good-practice framework that is comprehensive and integrates elements from existing literature and current practices or case studies would be a significant and useful contribution to this field, which highlights the importance of this study. Hence, research into investigating a good-practice VLE system implementation framework is important, and this thesis builds and presents a good-practice-in-context framework for the implementation and use of VLE systems in HEIs. This is done through identifying and exploring the key elements that build-up such a comprehensive practice-based framework for VLE system implementation through literature and good practices by considering various pedagogical, technical, and organisational aspects. These key elements include stages, processes, critical success factors (CSFs) considered, challenges (CLG) faced, associated risks, stakeholders (SHs) involved, and various tools, technologies, and methods, integrated with the VLE system. The key elements provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental issues and success factors underlying the successful implementation and sustainability of a VLE system. Initially, a conceptual framework was developed encapsulating various key elements of a VLE system implementation framework based on an extensive literature review and an analysis of existing frameworks and models, encapsulating various key elements of a VLE system implementation framework, where the elements were integrated and mapped with each other highlighting and depicting interrelations and interactions among them. The conceptual framework was validated by empirical data from the two case studies (of HEIs, at local and national level) to propose a refined, novel, and practice-based framework for VLE system implementation in HEIs, which also contains mappings to Technology Enhance Learning (TEL) strategy components. Thus, the proposed good-practice-in-context framework can be used as a tool to assist or guide HEIs to implement VLE system successfully. Finally, the proposed framework could lead to a successful VLE system implementation and it could also serve as an effective approach that not only facilitates enhancement in the learning and teaching experience, but also fosters end-user engagement and supports flexibility and customization according to the end-user needs of HEIs.
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Abus, Eren Deniz. « 3D Structural and Geophysical Investigation of the Vlore-Elbasan Tectonic Lineament in the Albanide Orogenic Belt, Albania ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1432140759.

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Livres sur le sujet "VLRE"

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Patrick, Wagner. Le VLR Delahaye : 1946-1980. Paris : Histoire & Collections, 2014.

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Riau, Balai Bahasa Pekanbaru. Gadis Vlore : Antologi cerpen remaja IV tahun 2007. Pekanbaru : Balai Bahasa Provinsi Riau, Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008.

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F, Bloemers J. H., dir. Archeologie en oecologie van Holland tussen Rijn en Vlie. Assen : Van Gorcum, 1988.

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Davidovsky, Mario. Quartetto for fl, v, vle, cello (1987). New York : C.F. Peters, 1988.

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Davidovsky, Mario. Quartetto for fl, v, vle, cello (1987). New York : C.F. Peters, 1988.

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S, Zijlstra, Vis G. N. M, Zeinstra D. J. M et Vereniging voor Nederlandse Kerkgeschiedenis, dir. Vroomheid tussen vlie en lauwers : Aspecten van de friese kerkgeschiedenis. Delft : Eburon, 1996.

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Ebeling, Rudolf A. Tussen Vlie en Wezer : Verzamelde bijdragen tot de Friese, Oostnederlandse en Nederduitse naamkunde. Groningen : Sasland, 1999.

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Ebeling, Rudolf Albert. Tussen Vlie en Wezer : Verzamelde bijdragen tot de Friese, Oostnederlandse en Nederduitse naamkunde. Groningen : Stichting Sasland, 1999.

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(Firm), VLE Antique Books. 55 rare books : From the 16th century to the 20th century. Paris : VLE Antique Books, 1985.

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1908-, Piotrovskii B. B., dir. L' Art scythe : Les antiquités scythes milieu du Vlle-IIIe siècle avant notre ère. Léningrad : Aurora, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "VLRE"

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Felscher, Walter. « VLR1 ». Dans Berechenbarkeit, 251–61. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78019-6_20.

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Still, G. Keith. « Virtual learning environment (VLE) ». Dans Applied Crowd Science, 1–4. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351053068-1.

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Müller, Daniel. « Elicitation of VLE Design Characteristics ». Dans Design Characteristics of Virtual Learning Environments, 45–74. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00392-0_4.

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Müller, Daniel. « Evaluation of VLE Design Characteristics ». Dans Design Characteristics of Virtual Learning Environments, 75–183. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00392-0_5.

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Galán, José Gómez, Cristina Lázaro Pérez, Jose Ángel Martínez López et Eloy López Meneses. « VLE Environments and MOOC Courses ». Dans Innovation and ICT in Education, 77–91. New York : River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003338567-9.

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Bankhead, Troy. « Antigenic Variation of VlsE in Borrelia burgdorferi ». Dans The Pathogenic Spirochetes : strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence, 113–23. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5404-5_6.

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Yun, Hansang, Myoung Hoon Ha et Robert Ian McKay. « VLR : A Memory-Based Optimization Heuristic ». Dans Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XIII, 151–60. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10762-2_15.

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Müller, Daniel. « A Research Framework of VLE Design Characteristics ». Dans Design Characteristics of Virtual Learning Environments, 7–23. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00392-0_2.

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Kuzilek, Jakub, Jonas Vaclavek, Zdenek Zdrahal et Viktor Fuglik. « Analysing Student VLE Behaviour Intensity and Performance ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 587–90. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29736-7_45.

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Uzun, Berna, et Dilber Uzun Ozsahin. « Vlse Criterion Optimization and Compromise Solution in Serbian (VIKOR) ». Dans Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Environmental and Civil Engineering, 43–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64765-0_7.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "VLRE"

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Jacomel, Felipe Cesar, Thales Sirino, Moisés Marcelino Neto, Dalton Bertoldi et Rigoberto Morales. « WATER-ALCOHOL-HYDROCARBONS VLE AND VLLE : PREDICTION OF ALCOHOL PARTITION COEFFICIENT ». Dans Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0517.

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Nielsen, D., A. S. White et L. Zhou. « The VLE as the converging platform ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceei.2011.6021642.

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Ran, Moshe, Amir Lebovitch, Yuri Yurchenko et Yossef Ben Ezra. « Green Femtocell : The VLR-DAS Approach ». Dans 2010 2nd International Conference on Evolving Internet (INTERNET). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/internet.2010.45.

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Ormeni, R., X. Kanani et H. Bilgin. « Seismicity of Vlore-Tepelene Fault Zone During This Century ». Dans NSG2022 28th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202220039.

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Molitoris, Peter. « Fiškálne opatrenia miest v prvej vlne pandémie COVID 19 ». Dans IV.SLOVENSKO-ČESKÉ DNI DAŇOVÉHO PRÁVA. Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33542/scd21-0043-1-18.

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Príspevok sa zameriava na skúmanie fiškálnych opatrení prijímaných krajskými mestami SR počas prvej vlny pandémie COVID 19. Identifikované opatrenia autor kategorizuje podľa ich dominantného cieľa, pričom dospieva k záveru, že fiškálne nástroje, ktoré majú mestá v rámci výkonu samosprávy k dispozícii (rozpočtové opatrenia, miestne dane, nakladanie s majetkom) môžu slúžiť nie len na dosahovanie ekonomických cieľov, ale môžu byť aj efektívnymi priamymi nástrojmi realizácie sociálnej politiky mesta a plnenia širšieho spektra jej úloh.
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Zaidin, Mohd Fakrumie, Alain Valtz, Christophe Coquelet et Antonin Chapoy. « Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Study for the Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide in Deionized Water and NaCl Aqueous Solution at Temperature from 373.15 to 423.15 K ». Dans SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205551-ms.

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Abstract New vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) mixture in deionized water and NaCl aqueous solution are generated at temperature range from 373.15 to 423.15 K and pressure up to 25.0 MPa. A static-analytic type method, taking advantage of two magnetic capillary samplers for phase sampling is used for this VLE measurements. The VLE data generated in this work are compared against literature data, Duan model and the simplified cubic plus association (CPA-SRK72) Equation of State (EoS) model predictions. From the results, it is demonstrated that the CPA-SRK72 EoS model is able to predict the phase behaviour of CO2 and H2S in water and NaCl aqueous solutions with low absolute average deviation (AAD) against the measured experimental data.
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Yun, Dongwon, et Ronald S. Fearing. « VLR : Cockroach millirobot with load decoupling structure ». Dans 2015 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2015.7222520.

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Fang, Yong, et Jechang Jeong. « VLR-Based Optimal Positioning of Resynchronization Markers ». Dans 2007 Data Compression Conference (DCC'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcc.2007.80.

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Ashkanani, Jenan. « Virtual Learning Environment Program in KOC VLE ». Dans Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183109-ms.

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Sheko, Alma. « Alignment of Information Technology with Supply Chains in Vlore, Albania ». Dans The 5th International Virtual Scientific Conference. Publishing Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/ictic.2016.5.1.267.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "VLRE"

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Groeneveld, Caspar, Elia Kibga et Tom Kaye. Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar : Feasibility Assessment. EdTech Hub, juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0028.

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The Zanzibar Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) and the World Bank (the Bank) approached the EdTech Hub (the Hub) in April 2020 to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The Hub was requested to focus primarily on the deployment of a VLE in lower secondary education, and this report consequently focuses primarily on this group. The report is structured in four sections: An introduction to provide the background and guiding principles for the engagement with a short overview of the methodology applied. An analysis of the Zanzibar education system with a particular focus on elements relevant to deploying a VLE. This includes the status of ICT infrastructure, and a summary of the stakeholders who will play a role in using or implementing a VLE. A third section that discusses types of VLEs and content organisation, and their applicability to the Zanzibar ecosystem. A conclusion with recommendations for Zanzibar, including short- and long-term steps. In this collaboration with Zanzibar’s MoEVT, the Hub team sought to understand the purpose of the proposed VLE. Based on discussions and user scenarios, we identified two main education challenges a VLE may help to resolve. In the short term, students cannot go to school during the COVID-19 crisis, but need access to educational content. There is content, but no flexible and versatile platform to disseminate content to all students. In the long term, a mechanism to provide students with access to quality, curriculum-aligned content in school, or remotely, is required.
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Mark C. Thies. VLE MEASUREMENTS FOR ASYMMETRIC MIXTURES OF FISCHER-TROPSCH HYDROCARBONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828222.

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Pererva, Victoria V., Olena O. Lavrentieva, Olena I. Lakomova, Olena S. Zavalniuk et Stanislav T. Tolmachev. The technique of the use of Virtual Learning Environment in the process of organizing the future teachers' terminological work by specialty. [б. в.], juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3868.

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This paper studies the concept related to E-learning and the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and their role in organizing future teachers’ terminological work by specialty. It is shown the creation and use of the VLE is a promising approach in qualitative restructuring of future specialists’ vocation training, a suitable complement rather than a complete replacement of traditional learning. The concept of VLE has been disclosed; its structure has been presented as a set of components, such as: the Data-based component, the Communication-based, the Management-and-Guiding ones, and the virtual environments. Some VLE’s potential contributions to the organization of terminological work of future biology teachers’ throughout a traditional classroom teaching, an independent work, and during the field practices has been considered. The content of professionally oriented e-courses “Botany with Basis of Geobotany” and “Latin. Botany Terminology” has been revealed; the ways of working with online definer (guide), with UkrBIN National Biodiversity Information Network, with mobile apps for determining the plant species, with digital virtual herbarium, with free software have been shown. The content of students’ activity in virtual biological laboratories and during virtual tours into natural environment has been demonstrated. The explanations about the potential of biological societies in social networks in view of students’ terminology work have been given. According to the results of empirical research, the expediency of using VLEs in the study of professional terminology by future biology teachers has been confirmed.
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Otojanov, Ravshonbek. Using formative assessment in a VLE to improve student engagement (Video case study). Bristol, UK : The Economics Network, juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n3317a.

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Schnitzler, J. v., et J. M. Prausnitz. A new association-model for binary VLE of alcohol/hydrocarbon and amine/hydrocarbon mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146714.

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Bullin, J. A., et R. E. Frazier. Collection of VLE data for acid gas-alkanolamine systems using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6037688.

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Bullin, J. A., et R. E. Frazier. Collection of VLE data for acid gas---alkanolamine systems using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [Vapor-liquid equilibrium]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7026066.

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Walsh, Mike, et Keith Gray. An Investigation into the Application of Economics Threshold Concepts using WinEcon via a VLE for Business Students. Bristol, UK : The Economics Network, novembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n566a.

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Groeneveld, Caspar, Elia Kibga et Tom Kaye. Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar : A Short Guide. EdTech Hub, août 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0029.

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In April 2020, the MoEVT and the World Bank approached the EdTech Hub to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The parties agreed on three deliverables to support this work. 1. A practical and actionable report analysing key factors to be considered in deploying an e-learning platform in Zanzibar. 2. A report documenting the process of sourcing appropriate digital content, aligning this content with the curriculum and populating the e-learning system accordingly. 3. An implementation plan to guide the deployment of an e-learning system in Zanzibar. This presentation deck is the third deliverable.
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Huynh, Diana, Lisa Rohrer, Åsa Ström Hildestrand, Nora Sánchez Gassen et Henrietta Nyström. What’s in a Voluntary Local Review ? Developing meaningful indicators to measure local Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) progress in the Nordics. Nordregio, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:2.2001-3876.

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This policy brief is based on the second of three webinars on Localising Agenda 2030 in the Nordics. It aims to highlight the shared experiences between Nordic municipalities and inspire local and national decision-makers to invest in and build capacity for measuring and reporting on SDG localisation. During the session, the cities of Espoo, Finland, and Helsingborg, Sweden, offered their best practices on developing and applying local indicator sets and shared how they went about conducting their respective VLRs. Panel experts from the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities (KS) and the Icelandic Association of Local Authorities (Samband) also joined the discussion. The challenges of developing comprehensive methodologies suited to the local context, working across departments, and coordinating with fellow Nordic municipalities to report on common targets were among the topics addressed during the session.
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