Thèses : « Visual grounding of text »

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Engilberge, Martin. « Deep Inside Visual-Semantic Embeddings ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS150.

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De nos jours l’Intelligence artificielle (IA) est omniprésente dans notre société. Le récent développement des méthodes d’apprentissage basé sur les réseaux de neurones profonds aussi appelé “Deep Learning” a permis une nette amélioration des modèles de représentation visuelle et textuelle. Cette thèse aborde la question de l’apprentissage de plongements multimodaux pour représenter conjointement des données visuelles et sémantiques. C’est une problématique centrale dans le contexte actuel de l’IA et du deep learning, qui présente notamment un très fort potentiel pour l’interprétabilité des modèles. Nous explorons dans cette thèse les espaces de représentations conjoints visuels et sémantiques. Nous proposons deux nouveaux modèles permettant de construire de tels espaces. Nous démontrons également leur capacité à localiser des concepts sémantiques dans le domaine visuel. Nous introduisons également une nouvelle méthode permettant d’apprendre une approximation différentiable des fonctions d’évaluation basée sur le rang
Nowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) is omnipresent in our society. The recentdevelopment of learning methods based on deep neural networks alsocalled "Deep Learning" has led to a significant improvement in visual representation models.and textual.In this thesis, we aim to further advance image representation and understanding.Revolving around Visual Semantic Embedding (VSE) approaches, we explore different directions: We present relevant background covering images and textual representation and existing multimodal approaches. We propose novel architectures further improving retrieval capability of VSE and we extend VSE models to novel applications and leverage embedding models to visually ground semantic concept. Finally, we delve into the learning process andin particular the loss function by learning differentiable approximation of ranking based metric

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Emmott, Stephen J. « The visual processing of text ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1837.

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The results of an investigation into the nature of the visual information obtained from pages of text and used in the visual processing of text during reading are reported. An initial investigation into the visual processing of text by applying a computational model of early vision (MIRAGE: Watt & Morgan, 1985; Watt, 1988) to pages of text (Computational Analysis 1) is shown to extract a range of features from a text image in the representation it delivers, which are organised across a range of spatial scales similar to those spanning human vision. The features the model extracts are capable of supporting a structured set of text processing tasks of the type required in reading. From the findings of this analysis, a series of psychophysical and computational studies are reported which exan-dne whether the type of information used in the human visual processing of text can be described by this modelled representation of information in text images. Using a novel technique to measure the 'visibility' of the information in text images, a second stage of investigation (Experiments 1-3) shows that information used to perform different text processing tasks of the type performed in reading is contained at different spatial scales of visual analysis. A second computational analysis of the information in text demonstrates how the spatial scale dependency of these text processing tasks can be accounted for by the model of early vision. In a third stage, two further experiments (Experiments 4-5) show how the pattern of text processing performance is determined by typographical parameters, and a third computational analysis of text demonstrates how changes in the pattern of text processing performance can be modelled by changes in the pattern of information represented by the model of vision. A fourth stage (Experiments 6-7 and Computational Analysis 4) examines the time-course of the visual processing of text. The experiments show how the duration required to reach a level of visual text processing performance varies as a function of typographical parameters, and comparison of these data with the model shows that this is consistent with a time-course of visual analysis based on a coarse-to-fine spatial scale of visual processing. A final experiment (Experiment 8) examines how reading performance varies with typographical parameters. It is shown how the pattern of reading performance and the pattern of visual text processing performance are related, and how the model of early vision might describe the visual processing of text in reading. The implications of these findings for theories of reading and theories of vision are finally discussed.

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Mi, Jinpeng Verfasser], et Jianwei [Akademischer Betreuer] [Zhang. « Natural Language Visual Grounding via Multimodal Learning / Jinpeng Mi ; Betreuer : Jianwei Zhang ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205070885/34.

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Mi, Jinpeng [Verfasser], et Jianwei [Akademischer Betreuer] Zhang. « Natural Language Visual Grounding via Multimodal Learning / Jinpeng Mi ; Betreuer : Jianwei Zhang ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205070885/34.

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Prince, Md Enamul Hoque. « Visual text analytics for online conversations ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61772.

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With the proliferation of Web-based social media, asynchronous conversations have become very common for supporting online communication and collaboration. Yet the increasing volume and complexity of conversational data often make it very difficult to get insights about the discussions. This dissertation posits that by integrating natural language processing and information visualization techniques in a synergistic way, we can better support the user's task of exploring and analyzing conversations. Unlike most previous systems, which do not consider the specific characteristics of online conversations; we applied design study methodologies from the visualization literature to uncover the data and task abstractions that guided the development of a novel set of visual text analytics systems. The first of such systems is ConVis, that supports users in exploring an asynchronous conversation, such as a blog. ConVis offers a visual overview of a conversation by presenting topics, authors, and the thread structure of a conversation, as well as various interaction techniques such as brushing and linked highlighting. Broadening from a single conversation to a collection of conversations, MultiConVis combines a novel hierarchical topic modeling with multi-scale exploration techniques. A series of user studies revealed the significant improvements in user performance and subjective measures when these two systems were compared to traditional blog interfaces. Based on the lessons learned from these studies, this dissertation introduced an interactive topic modeling framework specifically for asynchronous conversations. The resulting systems empower the user in revising the underlying topic models through an intuitive set of interactive features when the current models are noisy and/or insufficient to support their information seeking tasks. Two summative studies suggested that these systems outperformed their counterparts that do not support interactive topic modeling along several subjective and objective measures. Finally, to demonstrate the generality and applicability of our approach, we tailored our previous systems to support information seeking in community question answering forums. The prototype was evaluated through a large-scale Web-based study, which suggests that our approach can be adapted to a specific conversational genre among a diverse range of users. The dissertation concludes with a critical reflection on our approach and considerations for future research.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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Chauhan, Aneesh. « Grounding human vocabulary in robot perception through interaction ». Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12841.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Informática
This thesis addresses the problem of word learning in computational agents. The motivation behind this work lies in the need to support language-based communication between service robots and their human users, as well as grounded reasoning using symbols relevant for the assigned tasks. The research focuses on the problem of grounding human vocabulary in robotic agent’s sensori-motor perception. Words have to be grounded in bodily experiences, which emphasizes the role of appropriate embodiments. On the other hand, language is a cultural product created and acquired through social interactions. This emphasizes the role of society as a source of linguistic input. Taking these aspects into account, an experimental scenario is set up where a human instructor teaches a robotic agent the names of the objects present in a visually shared environment. The agent grounds the names of these objects in visual perception. Word learning is an open-ended problem. Therefore, the learning architecture of the agent will have to be able to acquire words and categories in an openended manner. In this work, four learning architectures were designed that can be used by robotic agents for long-term and open-ended word and category acquisition. The learning methods used in these architectures are designed for incrementally scaling-up to larger sets of words and categories. A novel experimental evaluation methodology, that takes into account the openended nature of word learning, is proposed and applied. This methodology is based on the realization that a robot’s vocabulary will be limited by its discriminatory capacity which, in turn, depends on its sensors and perceptual capabilities. An extensive set of systematic experiments, in multiple experimental settings, was carried out to thoroughly evaluate the described learning approaches. The results indicate that all approaches were able to incrementally acquire new words and categories. Although some of the approaches could not scale-up to larger vocabularies, one approach was shown to learn up to 293 categories, with potential for learning many more.
Esta tese aborda o problema da aprendizagem de palavras em agentes computacionais. A motivação por trás deste trabalho reside na necessidade de suportar a comunicação baseada em linguagem entre os robôs de serviço e os seus utilizadores humanos, bem como suportar o raciocínio baseado em símbolos que sejam relevantes no contexto das tarefas atribuídas e cujo significado seja definido com base na experiência perceptiva. Mais especificamente, o foco da investigação é o problema de estabelecer o significado das palavras na percepção do robô através da interacção homemrobô. A definição do significado das palavras com base em experiências perceptuais e perceptuo-motoras enfatiza o papel da configuração física e perceptuomotora do robô. Entretanto, a língua é um produto cultural criado e adquirido através de interacções sociais. Isso destaca o papel da sociedade como fonte linguística. Tendo em conta estes aspectos, um cenário experimental foi definido no qual um instrutor humano ensina a um agente robótico os nomes dos objectos presentes num ambiente visualmente partilhado. O agente associa os nomes desses objectos à sua percepção visual desses objectos. A aprendizagem de palavras é um problema sem objectivo pré-estabelecido. Nós adquirimos novas palavras ao longo das nossas vidas. Assim, a arquitectura de aprendizagem do agente deve poder adquirir palavras e categorias de uma forma semelhante. Neste trabalho foram concebidas quatro arquitecturas de aprendizagem que podem ser usadas por agentes robóticos para aprendizagem e aquisição de novas palavras e categorias, incrementalmente. Os métodos de aprendizagem utilizados nestas arquitecturas foram projectados para funcionar de forma incremental, acumulando um conjunto cada vez maior de palavras e categorias. É proposta e aplicada uma nova metodologia da avaliação experimental que leva em conta a natureza aberta e incremental da aprendizagem de palavras. Esta metodologia leva em consideração a constatação de que o vocabulário de um robô será limitado pela sua capacidade de discriminação, a qual, por sua vez, depende dos seus sensores e capacidades perceptuais. Foi realizado um extenso conjunto de experiências sistemáticas em múltiplas situações experimentais, para avaliar cuidadosamente estas abordagens de aprendizagem. Os resultados indicam que todas as abordagens foram capazes de adquirir novas palavras e categorias incrementalmente. Embora em algumas das abordagens não tenha sido possível atingir vocabulários maiores, verificou-se que uma das abordagens conseguiu aprender até 293 categorias, com potencial para aprender muitas mais.

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Sabir, Ahmed. « Enhancing scene text recognition with visual context information ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670286.

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This thesis addresses the problem of improving text spotting systems, which aim to detect and recognize text in unrestricted images (e.g. a street sign, an advertisement, a bus destination, etc.). The goal is to improve the performance of off-the-shelf vision systems by exploiting the semantic information derived from the image itself. The rationale is that knowing the content of the image or the visual context can help to decide which words are the correct andidate words. For example, the fact that an image shows a coffee shop makes it more likely that a word on a signboard reads as Dunkin and not unkind. We address this problem by drawing on successful developments in natural language processing and machine learning, in particular, learning to re-rank and neural networks, to present post-process frameworks that improve state-of-the-art text spotting systems without the need for costly data-driven re-training or tuning procedures. Discovering the degree of semantic relatedness of candidate words and their image context is a task related to assessing the semantic similarity between words or text fragments. However, semantic relatedness is more general than similarity (e.g. car, road, and traffic light are related but not similar) and requires certain adaptations. To meet the requirements of these broader perspectives of semantic similarity, we develop two approaches to learn the semantic related-ness of the spotted word and its environmental context: word-to-word (object) or word-to-sentence (caption). In the word-to-word approach, word embed-ding based re-rankers are developed. The re-ranker takes the words from the text spotting baseline and re-ranks them based on the visual context from the object classifier. For the second, an end-to-end neural approach is designed to drive image description (caption) at the sentence-level as well as the word-level (objects) and re-rank them based not only on the visual context but also on the co-occurrence between them. As an additional contribution, to meet the requirements of data-driven ap-proaches such as neural networks, we propose a visual context dataset for this task, in which the publicly available COCO-text dataset [Veit et al. 2016] has been extended with information about the scene (including the objects and places appearing in the image) to enable researchers to include the semantic relations between texts and scene in their Text Spotting systems, and to offer a common evaluation baseline for such approaches.
Aquesta tesi aborda el problema de millorar els sistemes de reconeixement de text, que permeten detectar i reconèixer text en imatges no restringides (per exemple, un cartell al carrer, un anunci, una destinació d’autobús, etc.). L’objectiu és millorar el rendiment dels sistemes de visió existents explotant la informació semàntica derivada de la pròpia imatge. La idea principal és que conèixer el contingut de la imatge o el context visual en el que un text apareix, pot ajudar a decidir quines són les paraules correctes. Per exemple, el fet que una imatge mostri una cafeteria fa que sigui més probable que una paraula en un rètol es llegeixi com a Dunkin que no pas com unkind. Abordem aquest problema recorrent a avenços en el processament del llenguatge natural i l’aprenentatge automàtic, en particular, aprenent re-rankers i xarxes neuronals, per presentar solucions de postprocés que milloren els sistemes de l’estat de l’art de reconeixement de text, sense necessitat de costosos procediments de reentrenament o afinació que requereixin grans quantitats de dades. Descobrir el grau de relació semàntica entre les paraules candidates i el seu context d’imatge és una tasca relacionada amb l’avaluació de la semblança semàntica entre paraules o fragments de text. Tanmateix, determinar l’existència d’una relació semàntica és una tasca més general que avaluar la semblança (per exemple, cotxe, carretera i semàfor estan relacionats però no són similars) i per tant els mètodes existents requereixen certes adaptacions. Per satisfer els requisits d’aquestes perspectives més àmplies de relació semàntica, desenvolupem dos enfocaments per aprendre la relació semàntica de la paraula reconeguda i el seu context: paraula-a-paraula (amb els objectes a la imatge) o paraula-a-frase (subtítol de la imatge). En l’enfocament de paraula-a-paraula s’usen re-rankers basats en word-embeddings. El re-ranker pren les paraules proposades pel sistema base i les torna a reordenar en funció del context visual proporcionat pel classificador d’objectes. Per al segon cas, s’ha dissenyat un enfocament neuronal d’extrem a extrem per explotar la descripció de la imatge (subtítol) tant a nivell de frase com a nivell de paraula i re-ordenar les paraules candidates basant-se tant en el context visual com en les co-ocurrències amb el subtítol. Com a contribució addicional, per satisfer els requisits dels enfocs basats en dades com ara les xarxes neuronals, presentem un conjunt de dades de contextos visuals per a aquesta tasca, en el què el conjunt de dades COCO-text disponible públicament [Veit et al. 2016] s’ha ampliat amb informació sobre l’escena (inclosos els objectes i els llocs que apareixen a la imatge) per permetre als investigadors incloure les relacions semàntiques entre textos i escena als seus sistemes de reconeixement de text, i oferir una base d’avaluació comuna per a aquests enfocaments.

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Willems, Heather Marie. « Writing the written : text as a visual image ». The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382952227.

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Kan, Jichao. « Visual-Text Translation with Deep Graph Neural Networks ». Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23759.

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Visual-text translation is to produce textual descriptions in natural languages from images and videos. In this thesis, we investigate two topics in the field: image captioning and continuous sign language recognition, by exploring structural representations of visual content. Image captioning is to generate text descriptions for a given image. Deep learning based methods have achieved impressive performance on this topic. However, the relations among objects in an image have not been fully explored. Thus, a topic-guided local-global graph neural network is proposed to extract graph properties at both local and global levels. The local features are built with visual objects, while the global features are characterized with topics, both modelled with two individual graphs. Experimental results on the MS-COCO dataset showed that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art image captioning methods. Continuous Sign language recognition (SLR) takes video clips of a sign language sentence as input while producing a sentence as output in a natural language, which can be regarded as a machine translation problem. However, SLR is different from general machine translation problem because of the unique features of the input, e.g., facial expression and relationship among body parts. The facial and hand features can be extracted with neural networks while the interaction between body parts has not yet fully exploited. Therefore, a hierarchical spatio-temporal graph neural network is proposed, which takes both appearance and motion features into account and models the relationship between body parts with a hierarchical graph convolution network. Experimental results on two widely used datasets, PHOENIX-2014-T and Chinese Sign Language, show the effectiveness of our proposed method. In summary, our studies demonstrate structural representations with graph neural networks are helpful for improving the translation performance from visual content to text descriptions.

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Shmueli, Yael. « Integrating speech and visual text in multimodal interfaces ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446688/.

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This work systematically investigates when and how combining speech output and visual text may facilitate processing and comprehension of sentences. It is proposed that a redundant multimodal presentation of speech and text has the potential for improving sentence processing but also for severely disrupting it. The effectiveness of the presentation is assumed to depend on the linguistic complexity of the sentence, the memory demands incurred by the selected multimodal configuration and the characteristics of the user. The thesis employs both theoretical and empirical methods to examine this claim. At the theoretical front, the research makes explicit features of multimodal sentence presentation and of structures and processes involved in multimodal language processing. Two entities are presented: a multimodal design space (MMDS) and a multimodal user model (MMUM). The dimensions of the MMDS include aspects of (i) the sentence (linguistic complexity, c.f., Gibson, 1991), (ii) the presentation (configurations of media), and (iii) user cost (a function of the first two dimensions). The second entity, the MMUM, is a cognitive model of the user. The MMUM attempts to characterise the cognitive structures and processes underlying multimodal language processing, including the supervisory attentional mechanisms that coordinate the processing of language in parallel modalities. The model includes an account of individual differences in verbal working memory (WM) capacity (c.f. Just and Carpenter, 1992) and can predict the variation in the cognitive cost experienced by the user when presented with different contents in a variety of multimodal configurations. The work attempts to validate through 3 controlled studies with users the central propositions of the MMUM. The experimental findings indicate the validity of some features of the MMUM but also the need for further refinement. Overall, they suggest that a durable text may reduce the processing cost of demanding sentences delivered by speech, whereas adding speech to such sentences when presented visually increases processing cost. Speech can be added to various visual forms of text only if the linguistic complexity of the sentence imposes a low to moderate load on the user. These conclusions are translated to a set of guidelines for effective multimodal presentation of sentences. A final study then examines the validity of some of these guidelines in an applied setting. Results highlight the need for an enhanced experimental control. However, they also demonstrate that the approach used in this research can validate specific assumptions regarding the relationship between cognitive cost, sentence complexity and multimodal configuration aspects and thereby to inform the design process of effective multimodal user interfaces.

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Rohrbach, Anna [Verfasser], et Bernt [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiele. « Generation and grounding of natural language descriptions for visual data / Anna Rohrbach ; Betreuer : Bernt Schiele ». Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113349207X/34.

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Zablocki, Éloi. « Multimodal machine learning : complementarity of textual and visual contexts ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS409.

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L'interaction entre le langage et la vision reste relativement peu explorée malgré un intérêt grandissant. Au-delà des différences triviales entre textes et images, ces deux modalités portent des sémantiques distinctes. D'une part, le langage peut exprimer une sémantique de haut niveau sur le monde, mais il est biaisé dans le sens qu’une grande partie de son contenu est implicite (sens commun). D'autre part, les images sont des agrégats de niveaux inférieurs informations, mais elles donnent accès plus directement aux statistiques du monde réel et peuvent être utilisées pour ancrer l'apprentissage de la sémantique d'un objet. Dans cette thèse, nous exploitons les connexions et nous tirons parti de la complémentarité entre langage et vision. Premièrement, les capacités de compréhension du langage naturel peuvent être améliorer à l'aide de la modalité visuelle, car le langage est naturellement ancré dans le monde visuel. En particulier, représenter la sémantique d'un mot est un problème de longue date pour la communauté du traitement de la langue naturel, et, pour améliorer les approches traditionnelles, il est essentiel de tirer parti des informations visuelles. Nous montrons que les représentations linguistiques peuvent être enrichies par des informations visuelles et nous nous concentrons particulièrement sur les contextes visuels et l'organisation spatiale des scènes. Nous présentons deux modèles pour apprendre des représentations multimodales sémantiques pour des mots ou des phrases, à l’aide d’images. A l'inverse, l'intégration du langage à la vision ouvre la possibilité d'élargir les horizons et les tâches de la communauté de la vision par ordinateur. En supposant que le langage contienne des informations visuelles sur les objets et que celles-ci puissent être capturées dans une représentation sémantique, nous nous concentrons sur la tâche de reconnaissance zero-shot, qui consiste à reconnaître des objets qui n'ont jamais été vus grâce aux connaissances linguistiques acquises auparavant. En particulier, nous montrons que les représentations linguistiques contiennent non seulement des informations visuelles sur l'apparence visuelle des objets, mais également sur leur environnement visuel typique et leurs fréquences d'occurrence visuelle. Nous présentons ainsi un modèle de reconnaissance zero-shot tirant parti du contexte visuel d'un objet et de sa probabilité d'occurrence visuelle, en plus de la région d'intérêt, comme dans les approches traditionnelles. Enfin, nous présentons des pistes de recherche potentielles pour exploiter davantage les liens entre langage et images et pour mieux comprendre le fossé sémantique entre les deux modalités
Research looking at the interaction between language and vision, despite a growing interest, is relatively underexplored. Beyond trivial differences between texts and images, these two modalities have non overlapping semantics. On the one hand, language can express high-level semantics about the world, but it is biased in the sense that a large portion of its content is implicit (common-sense or implicit knowledge). On the other hand, images are aggregates of lower-level information, but they can depict a more direct view of real-world statistics and can be used to ground the meaning of objects. In this thesis, we exploit connections and leverage complementarity between language and vision. First, natural language understanding capacities can be augmented with the help of the visual modality, as language is known to be grounded in the visual world. In particular, representing language semantics is a long-standing problem for the natural language processing community, and to further improve traditional approaches towards that goal, leveraging visual information is crucial. We show that semantic linguistic representations can be enriched by visual information, and we especially focus on visual contexts and spatial organization of scenes. We present two models to learn grounded word or sentence semantic representations respectively, with the help of images. Conversely, integrating language with vision brings the possibility of expanding the horizons and tasks of the vision community. Assuming that language contains visual information about objects, and that this can be captured within linguistic semantic representation, we focus on the zero-shot object recognition task, which consists in recognizing objects that have never been seen thanks to linguistic knowledge acquired about the objects beforehand. In particular, we argue that linguistic representations not only contain visual information about the visual appearance of objects but also about their typical visual surroundings and visual occurrence frequencies. We thus present a model for zero-shot recognition that leverages the visual context of an object, and its visual occurrence likelihood, in addition to the region of interest as done in traditional approaches. Finally, we present prospective research directions to further exploit connections between language and images and to better understand the semantic gap between the two modalities

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Larsmo, Sebastian. « Mellan text och bild ». Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & ; illustration, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5914.

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Fiorini, Sandro Rama. « S-Chart : um arcabouço para interpretação visual de gráficos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17039.

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Interpretação semântica de imagens tem se mostrado uma das fronteiras mais promissoras da área de Visão Computacional, especificamente aplicada a interpretação imagens. Nas abordagens que estão sendo propostas atualmente, conhecimento visual explicitamente modelado é utilizado com algoritmos de raciocínio simbólico combinados a algoritmos de processamento de imagem a fim de se extrair o conteúdo de imagens e associá-lo a modelos semanticamente ricos. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de interpretação semântica de imagens especificamente voltada para interpretação de gráficos de linhas, chamada S-Chart. Ela consiste um conjunto de modelos de conhecimento e algoritmos que podem ser instanciados para interpretação de gráficos em diversos domínios. Os modelos são representados em três níveis semânticos e aplicam o conceito de ancoramento simbólico (symbol grounding) para mapear as primitivas entre os níveis. Os algoritmos de interpretação propostos fazem a interação entre o raciocínio simbólico de alto nível e os algoritmos de processamento de sinal para os dados brutos dos gráficos analisados. Para demonstrar a aplicabilidade do framework S-Chart, foi desenvolvido o sistema InteliStrata, uma aplicação no domínio da Geologia, voltada para interpretação semântica de gráficos de perfis de poço. Utilizando a aplicação, foram interpretados dois perfis de raios gama capturados em poços de exploração, de modo que o sistema identificasse a presença de Sequências Estratigráficas e superfícies de inundação máximas. Os resultados foram comparados com a interpretação de um geólogo especialista sobre os mesmos dados. O sistema aponta as mesmas sequências já identificadas e oferece outras opções de interpretação compatíveis com as do geólogo utilizando os mesmos dados. O framework S-Chart tem seus pontos fortes nos seus modelos representação de conhecimento visual independentes de domínio, que permitem a utilização do mesmo arcabouço em diferentes aplicações e, em especial, no seu modelo de ancoramento simbólico entre primitivas de representação.
Semantic image interpretation is one of the most promising frontiers in the Computer Vision area, specifically when applied to Image Interpretation. To reach semantic interpretation, visual knowledge explicitly represented is applied by symbolic reasoning algorithms combined with image processing algorithms in order to extract the content of the images and associate it with semantically rich models. This work describes the S-Chart approach, a semantic image interpretation approach designed for interpretation of line charts. It is structured as a set of knowledge models and algorithms that can be instantiated to accomplish chart interpretation in other domains. The models are represented in three semantic levels and apply the concept of symbol grounding in order to map the primitives between the levels. The interpretation algorithms carry out the interaction between the symbolic reasoning in the high level, and the signal processing algorithms in the low level data. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the S-Chart framework, we developed the InteliStrata system, an application in Geology for the semantic interpretation of well log profiles. Using the application, we have interpreted the graphs of two gamma-ray profiles captured in exploration wells, to indicate the position of Stratigraphic Sequences and the maximum flooding surfaces. The results were compared with the interpretation of an experienced geologist using the same data input. The system was able to point the same identified sequences and offered alternative interpretation that were compatible with the geologist interpretation over the data. The S-Chart framework demonstrates its effectiveness on interpretation of pictorial information in knowledge intensive domains. The stronger points of the approach are its domain independent models for visual knowledge representation and, specially, the application of a symbol grounding model to provide a correlation between representation primitives.

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Pilz, Anja [Verfasser]. « Entity Linking to Wikipedia : Grounding entity mentions in natural language text using thematic context distance and collective search / Anja Pilz ». Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1096330032/34.

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Bradel, Lauren C. « Multi-Model Semantic Interaction for Scalable Text Analytics ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52785.

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Learning from text data often involves a loop of tasks that iterate between foraging for information and synthesizing it in incremental hypotheses. Past research has shown the advantages of using spatial workspaces as a means for synthesizing information through externalizing hypotheses and creating spatial schemas. However, spatializing the entirety of datasets becomes prohibitive as the number of documents available to the analysts grows, particularly when only a small subset are relevant to the tasks at hand. To address this issue, we developed the multi-model semantic interaction (MSI) technique, which leverages user interactions to aid in the display layout (as was seen in previous semantic interaction work), forage for new, relevant documents as implied by the interactions, and then place them in context of the user's existing spatial layout. This results in the ability for the user to conduct both implicit queries and traditional explicit searches. A comparative user study of StarSPIRE discovered that while adding implicit querying did not impact the quality of the foraging, it enabled users to 1) synthesize more information than users with only explicit querying, 2) externalize more hypotheses, 3) complete more synthesis-related semantic interactions. Also, 18% of relevant documents were found by implicitly generated queries when given the option. StarSPIRE has also been integrated with web-based search engines, allowing users to work across vastly different levels of data scale to complete exploratory data analysis tasks (e.g. literature review, investigative journalism). The core contribution of this work is multi-model semantic interaction (MSI) for usable big data analytics. This work has expanded the understanding of how user interactions can be interpreted and mapped to underlying models to steer multiple algorithms simultaneously and at varying levels of data scale. This is represented in an extendable multi-model semantic interaction pipeline. The lessons learned from this dissertation work can be applied to other visual analytics systems, promoting direct manipulation of the data in context of the visualization rather than tweaking algorithmic parameters and creating usable and intuitive interfaces for big data analytics.
Ph. D.

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Heibi, Ivan. « A Visual Framework for Graph and Text Analytics in Email Investigation ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13818/.

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The aim of this work is to build a framework which can benefit from data analysis techniques to explore and mine important information stored in an email collection archive. The analysis of email data could be accomplished from different perspectives, we mainly focused our approach on two different aspects: social behaviors and the textual content of the emails body. We will present a review on the past techniques and features adopted to handle this type of analysis, and evaluate them in real tools. This background will motivate our choices and proposed approach, and help us build a final visual framework which can analyze and show social graph networks along with other data visualization elements that assist users in understanding and dynamically elaborating the email data uploaded. We will present the architecture and logical structure of the framework, and show the flexibility nature of the system for future integrations and improvements. The functional aspects of our approach will be tested using the ‘enron dataset’, and by applying real key actors involved in the ‘enron case’ scandal.

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Kozlovski, Nikolai. « TEXT-IMAGE RESTORATION AND TEXT ALIGNMENT FOR MULTI-ENGINE OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS ». Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3607.

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Previous research showed that combining three different optical character recognition (OCR) engines (ExperVision® OCR, Scansoft OCR, and Abbyy® OCR) results using voting algorithms will get higher accuracy rate than each of the engines individually. While a voting algorithm has been realized, several aspects to automate and improve the accuracy rate needed further research. This thesis will focus on morphological image preprocessing and morphological text restoration that goes to OCR engines. This method is similar to the one used in restoration partial finger prints. Series of morphological dilating and eroding filters of various mask shapes and sizes were applied to text of different font sizes and types with various noises added. These images were then processed by the OCR engines, and based on these results successful combinations of text, noise, and filters were chosen. The thesis will also deal with the problem of text alignment. Each OCR engine has its own way of dealing with noise and corrupted characters; as a result, the output texts of OCR engines have different lengths and number of words. This in turn, makes it impossible to use spaces a delimiter as a method to separate the words for processing by the voting part of the system. Text aligning determines, using various techniques, what is an extra word, what is supposed to be two or more words instead of one, which words are missing in one document compared to the other, etc. Alignment algorithm is made up of a series of shifts in the two texts to determine which parts are similar and which are not. Since errors made by OCR engines are due to visual misrecognition, in addition to simple character comparison (equal or not), a technique was developed that allows comparison of characters based on how they look.
M.S.E.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering

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Clavelli, Antonio. « A computational model of eye guidance, searching for text in real scene images ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283428.

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La cerca d’objectes de text en imatges d’escena reals és un problema obert i una àrea de cerca molt activa la visió per computador. S’han proposat un gran nombre de mètodes basats en l’extensió dels mètodes des de l’anàlisi de documents o inspirat en mètodes de detecció d’objectes. No obstant això, el problema de la cerca d’objectes en imatges d’escena reals segueix sent un problema extremadament difícil a causa de la gran variabilitat en l’aparen¸ca dels objectes. Aquesta tesi es basa en els més recents troballes en la literatura de l’atenció visual, introduint un nou model computacional de visió guiada que apunta descriure la cerca de text en imatges d’escenes reals. En primer lloc es presenten els resultats més pertinents de la literatura científica en relació amb l’atenció visual, els moviments oculars i la cerca visual. Els més rellevants models d’atenció són discutits i integrats amb recents observacions sobre la funció dels anomenats ’top-down constraints’ i l’emergent necessitat d’un model estratificat d’atenció en què la saliència no és l’únic factor guia d’atenció. L’atenció visual s’explica per la interacció de diversos factors moduladors, com ara objectes, valor, plans i saliència. S’introdueix la nostra formulació probabilística dels mecanismes d’atenció en es- cenes reals per a la tasca de cerca d’objectes. El model es basa en l’argument que el desplegament d’atenció depèn de dos processos diferents però interactuants: un procés d’atenció que assigna valor a les fonts d’informació i un procés motor que uneix flexiblement informació amb l’acció. En aquest marc, l’elecció d’on buscar la propera tasca és dependent i orientada a les classes d’objectes incrustats en imatges d’escenes reals. La dependència de la tasca es té en compte en explotar el valor i la recompensa de contemplar certes parts o proto-objectes de la imatge que proporcionen una esclarissada representació dels objectes en l’escena. A la secció experimental prova el model en condicions de laboratori, comparant les simulacions del model amb dades d’experiments de eye tracking. La comparació és qualitativa en termes de trajectòries d’exploració i quantitativa, en termes de similitud estadística de l’amplitud de moviments oculars. Els experiments s’han realitzat amb dades de eye tracking tant d’un conjunt de dades públic de rostre humans i text, tant amb un nou conjunt de dades de eye tracking i d’imatges urbanes amb text. L’última part d’aquesta tesi es dedica a estudiar en quina mesura el model proposat pot respondre del desplegament d’atenció en un entorn complex. S’ha utilitzat un dispositiu mòbil de eye tracking i una metodologia desenvolupada específicament per comparar les dades simulades amb les dades gravades de eye tracking. Tal configuració permet posar a prova el model en la tasca de cerca de text molt semblant a una cerca real, en la condició d’informació visual incompleta.
La búsqueda de objetos de texto en imágenes de escena reales es un problema abierto y un área de investigación muy activa la visión por computador. Se han propuesto un gran número de métodos basados en la extensión de los métodos desde el análisis de documentos o inspirado en métodos de detección de objetos. Sin embargo, el problema de la búsqueda de objetos en imágenes de escena reales sigue siendo un problema extremadamente difícil debido a la gran variabilidad en la apariencia de los objetos. Esta tesis se basa en los más recientes hallazgos en la literatura de la atención visual, introduciendo un nuevo modelo computacional de visión guiada que apunta a describir la búsqueda de texto en imágenes de escenas reales. En primer lugar se presentan los resultados mas pertinentes de la literatura científica en relación con la atención visual, los movimientos oculares y la búsqueda visual. Los mas relevantes modelos de atención son discutidos e integrados con recientes obser- vaciones sobre la función de los denominados ’top-down constraints’ y la emergente necesidad de un modelo estratificado de atención en el que la saliencia no es el único factor guía de atención. La atención visual se explica por la interacción de varios factores moduladores, tales como objetos, valor, planes y saliencia. Se introduce nuestra formulación probabilística de los mecanismos de atención en escenas reales para la tarea de búsqueda de objetos. El modelo se basa en el argumento de que el despliegue de atención depende de dos procesos distintos pero interactuantes: un proceso de atención que asigna valor a las fuentes de información y un proceso motor que une flexiblemente información con la acción. En ese marco, la elección de dónde buscar la próxima tarea es dependiente y orientada a las clases de objetos incrustados en imágenes de escenas reales. La dependencia de la tarea se tiene en cuenta al explotar el valor y la recompensa de contemplar ciertas partes o proto-objetos de la imagen que proporcionan una rala representación de los objetos en la escena. En la sección experimental se prueba el modelo en condiciones de laboratorio, comparando las simulaciones del modelo con datos de experimentos de eye tracking. La comparación es cualitativa en términos de trayectorias de exploración y cuanti- tativa, en términos de similitud estadística de la amplitud de movimientos oculares. Los experimentos se han realizado con datos de eye tracking tanto de un conjunto de datos públicos de rostros humanos y texto, tanto con un nuevo conjunto de datos de eye tracking y de imágenes urbanas con texto. La última parte de esta tesis se dedica a estudiar en qué medida el modelo prop- uesto puede responder del despliegue de atención en un entorno complejo. Se ha utilizado un dispositivo móvil de eye tracking y una metodología desarrollada es- pecíficamente para comparar los datos simulados con los datos grabados de eye track- ing. Tal configuración permite poner a prueba el modelo en la tarea de búsqueda de texto muy parecida a una búsqueda real, en la condición de información visual incompleta.
Searching for text objects in real scene images is an open problem and a very ac- tive computer vision research area. A large number of methods have been proposed tackling the text search as extension of the ones from the document analysis field or inspired by general purpose object detection methods. However the general problem of object search in real scene images remains an extremely challenging problem due to the huge variability in object appearance. This thesis builds on top of the most recent findings in the visual attention literature presenting a novel computational model of eye guidance aiming to better describe text object search in real scene images. First are presented the relevant state-of-the-art results from the visual attention literature regarding eye movements and visual search. Relevant models of attention are discussed and integrated with recent observations on the role of top-down con- straints and the emerging need for a layered model of attention in which saliency is not the only factor guiding attention. Visual attention is then explained by the interaction of several modulating factors, such as objects, value, plans and saliency. Then we introduce our probabilistic formulation of attention deployment in real scene. The model is based on the rationale that oculomotor control depends on two interacting but distinct processes: an attentional process that assigns value to the sources of information and motor process that flexibly links information with action. In such framework, the choice of where to look next is task-dependent and oriented to classes of objects embedded within pictures of complex scenes. The dependence on task is taken into account by exploiting the value and the reward of gazing at certain image patches or proto-objects that provide a sparse representation of the scene objects. In the experimental section the model is tested in laboratory condition, compar- ing model simulations with data from eye tracking experiments. The comparison is qualitative in terms of observable scan paths and quantitative in terms of statisti- cal similarity of gaze shift amplitude. Experiments are performed using eye tracking data from both a publicly available dataset of face and text and from newly performed eye-tracking experiments on a dataset of street view pictures containing text. The last part of this thesis is dedicated to study the extent to which the proposed model can account for human eye movements in a low constrained setting. We used a mobile eye tracking device and an ad-hoc developed methodology to compare model simulated eye data with the human eye data from mobile eye tracking recordings. Such setting allow to test the model in an incomplete visual information condition, reproducing a close to real-life search task.

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Shevlin, Joseph P. « Text orienting cues : Enhancing dynamic visual acuity for targets of unknown origin ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37664.

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Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) refers to an observer's ability to resolve a critical detail in a visual target under conditions of relative motion between an observer and a target. DVA research has conventionally used visual targets originating from a single fixation point and moving in a predictable linear path. These procedures (dictated by apparatus constraints), ensured observers knew when and from where targets would appear. Shevlin, Prestrude, and Shevlin (1997) examined DVA using computer-generated targets presented from fixed (left to right) and random (six possible) origins. As hypothesized, random targets were more difficult to resolve than fixed targets. Fixed target data supported the conventional DVA findings - faster targets and targets displayed more briefly were harder to resolve. Random target data contradicted the DVA literature suggesting increased target velocity actually improved DVA (Shevlin et al., 1997). In the current study all targets moved in similar fashion, eliminating type of movement as a confound from the 1997 study. Twenty-eight West Point cadets observed computer DVA targets under each of two viewing conditions. Prior to viewing each target, observers in the "known origin" condition saw text cues revealing the origin of the next target; whereas, observers in the "unknown origin" condition received text notification that a target would appear. As hypothesized, known origin target data supported conventional DVA relationships - faster targets and targets exposed more briefly were more difficult to resolve. As predicted, unknown origin data partially contradicted conventional DVA relationships. At the briefest duration (170 ms), faster targets were easier to resolve than slower targets. Observers in the known origin condition displayed a DVA advantage from the text cues. The patterns of individual differences in the data suggest not all observers benefited from the DVA advantage offered by the text cues. Analysis of target data indicated a slight DVA decrement for left-oriented Landolt C targets. Implications of the computerized DVA testing platform are discussed for future DVA research.
Ph. D.

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Brown, Ron. « Visual Cueing : Investigating the Effects of Text Annotation on Student Retention Rates ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4232/.

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This Study examines the grades of students using study skill methods and those who do not. The experiment consists of giving the treatment group the opportunity to use well- known study techniques. The Control group could only read the material. Both groups were given ten minutes to read a pre-selected text. The text consisted of an 1,807 word lesson on the, "Technical Training Management System." Each group was given five minutes to take a twenty item quiz. Fifty-five students in the control group were limited to only reading the material. Fifty-six students in the treatment group could choose between highlighting, note-taking, and underlining. The results of the test scores were compared using a t - test for dependent samples. One week later, the same students in each group were re-tested, using the same quiz they had taken earlier. Students had five minutes to review study material. Study material for the treatment group included the same material they had annotated earlier. The Results from each group wascompared. Efforts were made to avoid potential flaws in previous studies, thereby producing more viable results. Results of this study indicate there is no significant difference between the grades of students who use the aforementioned forms of text annotation and those who do not.

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Bell, S. « The promise of the short text : writing risk into visual arts practice ». Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/06d7767a-9941-4ab8-892e-e73767b48aa7/1.

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In this study I aim to see if writing can enhance visual arts practice. Much UK Quality Assurance Agency and Higher Education visual arts documentation recommends risk, as do many practitioners. I hypothesise that very short, tightly-structured essays will foster risk by combining radical format, content demand and writing’s esteem. I experimented with essays by Foundation visual arts students at Coventry University in 2011. Half the group was assigned a short essay as above, the other half a 1,000-word, conventional essay. Both groups had the same essay topic choices; both were taught in the same way as far as possible; both assignments were individual. Practice-based presentations took place shortly after the essays, and students were advised of potential connections between the tasks. Quantitative data was taken from all essay and presentation grades; qualitative data from essay drafts, questionnaires and interviews with selected 128-word essay students. The grades show the 128-word essay students slightly outperforming the others. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: provisional meaning, risk, practice parallels and project process. Drafts and questionnaires showed improvisation and keen engagement; interviews (loosely following Bryman’s ‘unstructured’ model) considered content, form, convention, risk and transferability of writing to practice. The main problems students faced when writing the short essays were how to say enough and how to mix tradition with innovation. There was evidence that some students connected the short essay with their practice – but to connect is not necessarily to enhance. The short essays were very diverse, some radically inventive, others less so – yet the study recommends caution when rethinking traditional writing assignments because some students respect traditional writing, and may find the extreme form of the very short essay patronising unless it can promise more. The study’s contribution to knowledge is to promise more by making writing a metaphor for practice and evaluated as such, taking writing beyond mimicking or analysing practice. The study also induced a supporting theory that absolutes and variables need careful balance, extending the bisociative notion of mixing tradition with innovation. The study showed that these short essays could enhance practice by fostering risk, but also that risk is very variable. This questions how such risks are evaluated, and even whether an enforced risk is a risk at all, and not just ingenuity. The thesis has six chapters: Introduction; Literature review; The short story in visual arts practice; The short essay in action; Student responses; Conclusion. Appendices contain three associated papers and all drafts with comments, questionnaires with responses, and full interview transcripts annotated to demonstrate emerging themes and connections to research questions. The study draws on reader-response as a theoretical framework, and is informed by the study of visual arts academic writing, risk-taking in visual arts practice, Koestler’s bisociative understanding of creativity, provisional meaning and the short story.

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Ajazi, Sara <1995&gt. « Experience and engagement : the case of Venice. Combining text and visual research ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18739.

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How can the experience of Venice be defined? Through the use of photographic research, text analysis and non-structured interviews, the aim of this research is to investigate the underling mental schemes that different people have when asked to think of their personal experience in the city of Venice. How do they perceive the city? How do they engage with it? Is there a common structure? In view of recent events, the first chapter consists in the study, using photographic research and text analysis, of the feelings and thoughts of Venetian citizens during the first quarantine (March-May 2020). The second chapter presents the city of Venice as based on contradictions and oppositions, while the third chapter takes into consideration the point of view of smart workers who lived, or are currently living in Venice. Conclusions have been taken based on the three different points of view analyzed which give a holistic and comprehensive view of the definition of experience in the city of Venice.

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Glover, Arren John. « Developing grounded representations for robots through the principles of sensorimotor coordination ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71763/1/Arren_Glover_Thesis.pdf.

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Robots currently recognise and use objects through algorithms that are hand-coded or specifically trained. Such robots can operate in known, structured environments but cannot learn to recognise or use novel objects as they appear. This thesis demonstrates that a robot can develop meaningful object representations by learning the fundamental relationship between action and change in sensory state; the robot learns sensorimotor coordination. Methods based on Markov Decision Processes are experimentally validated on a mobile robot capable of gripping objects, and it is found that object recognition and manipulation can be learnt as an emergent property of sensorimotor coordination.

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Laurence, Sean Xavier. « Analyzing non-collocated synchronous shared visual workspace-mediated interaction and effects on conversational grounding : a study on collaborative intelligence analysis ». Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21257/.

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A shared visual workspace and video in addition to voice are two functionalities or technologies which this thesis focuses on. What is clarified in this work is how these influence remote collaboration and conversational grounding in particular — where grounding refers to the pro-active process of seeking, creating and maintaining the shared meanings needed for conversational partners to communicate effectively. Additionally, this thesis clarifies how to support non-collocated synchronous mediated-collaboration around intelligence analytic tasks — away from traditional tasks that involve the identification or manipulation of physical objects which previous studies appear to favour. This research is guided by these three primary research questions: —RQ1) How can we expose aspects of conversational grounding in mediated communication involving different combinations of a video (showing a remote participant’s head and shoulder, and hands and work-area) and a fully shared visual workspace in addition to voice? —RQ2) In relation to the negotiated process of grounding, how can we explain what is happening when parties are collaborating on an intelligence task using a fully shared visual workspace? —RQ3) How can we design better fully shared visual workspace systems to support remote collaborative intelligence analysis tasks? Study1 — reported in Chapter 5, is an exploratory research which also serves as a groundwork for Study2. The findings there led to the formulation of more focused hypotheses later investigated in Study2. Further, the most significant contribution of the Study1 was the coding schema constructed for analysing the negotiation of common ground. Chapter 6, 7, 8 make up Study2. A human-participant experiment was conducted using a 2 x 2 factorial between-subjects design with 2-person teams and four media manipulations namely: video, no video, shared visual workspace and no shared visual workspace. Conversational grounding effort is operationalized as the number of repair-episodes per min (that is repair rate). Results here indicate that teams using shared visual workspace have a lower repair rate than those teams with no access to shared visual workspace. This result is statistically significant. Although teams using video equally had a lower repair rate than those teams not using video, this result was not statistically significant. This is consistent with prior research which found that a video showing a person’s face and shoulders is not terribly important in collaborative context. Results of another investigation demonstrate that regardless of the media condition, teams generally have a lower repair rate over time as the task progressed — this result was statistically significantly positive. Additionally, assessments of a questionnaire item measuring improvements of mutual agreements and shared understanding over time, showed a statistically significantly difference between the shared visual workspace group and the no shared visual workspace group, as was the participant’s rating of the effectiveness of the medium for information sharing. Results of a qualitative thematic analysis in Chapter 7 helps explain these statistical results and more. A conceptual process model of conversational grounding in shared visual workspace-mediated interaction is presented in Chapter 8. The model also summarises the research findings. The discourse there offer useful implications and guidelines for moving beyond current theories and models of the negotiation of common ground. Equally, practical design recommendations for the design of shared visual workspaces are also discussed there. Chapter 9, 10 reviews the research questions and considers how the research that has been presented addresses them, followed by a discussion of the contributions of the thesis, future work and conclusion. Overall, this thesis delivers the following contributions: —1) It advances existing knowledge silos and studies on media effects on conversational grounding — one of the ways it achieves that is by delivering a conceptual model framework for understanding conversational grounding processes in real-time remote collaborative intelligence analysis. —2) It delivers a new coding schema for the analysis of the negotiation of conversational grounding in remote work. —3) It offers four data-driven design recommendations for good practical design of shared visual workspace groupware that better support more natural communicative nuances.

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Scannavino, Katia Romero Felizardo. « Evidence-based software engineering : systematic literature review process based on visual text mining ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-18072012-102032/.

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Context: Systematic literature review (SLR) is a methodology used to aggregate all relevant evidence of a specific research question. One of the activities associated with the SLR process is the selection of primary studies. The process used to select primary studies can be arduous, particularly when the researcher faces large volumes of primary studies. Another activity associated with an SLR is the presentation of results of the primary studies that meet the SLR purpose. The results are generally summarized in tables and an alternative to reduce the time consumed to understand the data is the use of graphic representations. Systematic mapping (SM) is a more open form of SLR used to build a classification and categorization scheme of a field of interest. The categorization and classification activities in SM are not trivial tasks, since they require manual effort and domain of knowledge by reviewers to achieve adequate results. Although clearly crucial, both SLR and SM processes are time-consuming and most activities are manually conducted. Objective: The aim of this research is to use Visual Text Mining (VTM) to support different activities of SLR and SM processes, e.g., support the selection of primary studies, the presentation of results of an SLR and the categorization and classification of an SM. Method: Extensions to the SLR and SM processes based on VTM were proposed. A series of case studies were conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the VTM techniques in the selection, review, presentation of results and categorization context. Results: The findings have showed that the application of VTM is promising in terms of providing positive support to the study selection activity and that visual representations of SLR data have led to a reduction in the time taken for their analysis, with no loss of data comprehensibility. The application of VTM is relevant also in the context of SM. Conclusions: VTM techniques can be successfully employed to assist the SLR and SM processes
Contexto: Revisão Sistemática (RS) é uma metodologia utilizada para reunir evidências sobre uma quest~ao de pesquisa específica. Uma das atividades associadas à RS é a seleção de estudos primários. Quando o pesquisador se depara com grandes volumes de estudos, torna-se difícil selecionar artigos relevantes para uma análise mais aprofundada. Outra atividade associada à RS é a apresentação dos resultados dos estudos primários que atendem aos propósitos da RS. Os resultados são geralmente resumidos em tabelas e uma alternativa para reduzir o tempo consumido para entender os dados é o uso de representações gráficas. Mapeamento sistemático (MS) é uma forma mais aberta de RS, usado para construir um esquema de classificação e categorização sobre uma área de interesse. As atividades de categorização e classificação no MS não são tarefas triviais, pois exigem um esforço manual e conhecimento do domínio por parte dos revisores para a geração de resultados adequados. Embora relevantes, ambos os processos de RS e MS são demorados e muita das atividades são realizadas manualmente. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é a utilização de Mineração Visual de Texto (VTM) para apoiar as diferentes atividades dos processos de RS e MS como, por exemplo, suporte à seleção de estudos primários, apresentação de resultados de RSs e a categorização e classificação em MSs. Métodos: Foram propostas extensões para os processos de RS e MS com base em VTM. Uma série de estudos de caso foram realizados para demonstrar a utilidade de técnicas VTM no contexto de seleção, revisão, apresentação de resultados e categorização. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de VTM é promissora em termos de apoio positivo para a atividade de seleção de estudos primários e que o uso de representações visuais para apresentar resultados de RSs leva a uma redução do tempo necessário para sua análise, sem perda de compreensão de dados. A aplicação da VTM é relevante também no contexto da MS. Conclus~oes: Técnicas VTM podem ser empregadas com sucesso para ajudar nos processos de RS e MS

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Foley, Marius. « High fidelity image tracing the emergence of a new constructed image / ». Access electronically, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/285.

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Palmer, Kelly. « Let's see the facts : The effects of text mapping on comprehension and visual representation of expository text with fourth-grade students ». Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6832.

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Despite the importance of expository text in the daily lives of students and adults, the amount of time actually devoted to explicit comprehension instruction of nonfiction text is often not enough for students to gain an adequate understanding of the material, especially when asked to represent their learning in a variety of ways. The intention of this research was to examine how direct instruction in the PLAN text-mapping strategy would affect student comprehension and the ability to represent information visually for both on-level and below-level learners. Forty-four, fourth-grade students were assessed on their comprehension and graphic representation abilities prior to PLAN instruction. They then received instruction using PLAN to map expository lessons. Results showed that most students achieved higher comprehension gains when being instructed with the PLAN strategy as compared to reading without text mapping. Multiple aspects of their visual representations also showed improvement through the use of PLAN. Keywords: reading, expository, PLAN, text map, visual representation
Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction

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Halliwell, K. « Photography and narrative : An investigation of serial imagery ». Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373238.

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Speight, Amanda Gaye. « Op writing : text ornamenting vision ». Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16611/.

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The decorative and the textual have a complex and uneasy entanglement within the history and practice of modernist art. Sometimes celebrated as critical modernist strategies, sometimes denigrated or repressed as the opposite of Art, the decorative and the textual were understood as "foreign" forms that variously endangered, or, in turn, invigorated the power of art. My creative practice, which includes installation, painting, photography, text and an exhibition catalogue, exploits and explores this decorative and textual instability within modernist art practice. In my work, (visual) codes conventionally associated with the fields of writing and pattern, are re-examined and problematised by placing them within the context of visual art. When writing and pattern become the subject of painting there is an intriguing oscillation, complication and dialogue between the spaces and codes of reading and seeing, writing and pattern, the decorative and the abstract. The thesis also explores the decorative and textual instability within modernism by analysing some key contradictory moments in aesthetic thought and arts practice. In the writings of Clement Greenberg, a "decorative" painting is deemed the highest achievement of modernist abstract painting but to arrive at this goal, the decorative must be used against itself. In Frank Stella's early abstract paintings, decorative patterns structure the work, and yet the artist and his commentators only see the work as a kind of pure, abstract painting. In Lawrence Weiner's statement-sculptures, the terse, laconic text, that nominates materials and processes, is thought to be a "direct" form of art information that would remain unchanged even in reproduction. But as Weiner's work is reproduced in journals and magazines, this "direct" form of art is complicated through a variety of reproductive forms - documentary photographs, transcription errors and differences in the visual format and typography of the text. In these key moments of contradiction, concepts such as the decorative and the textual, that have often been regarded as peripheral to visual art, will be shown to have central significance in analysing its specific qualities.

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Roy, Marguerite Claire. « Comprehension and learning through multimedia : integrative processing of text and illustrations ». Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37826.

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The comprehension of illustrations and text was studied from a cognitive discourse processing perspective. Typically, learners must construct conceptual knowledge representations that integrate different types of information from diverse sources and modalities (e.g., text and illustrations). Currently, little is known about how such integrative processing works in "multimedia" learning situations. This study focused on the semantic representations that low prior knowledge learners constructed as they read from text and static illustrations presenting multiple types of information (structural, functional, and energy) describing a functional system. Both the text and the illustrations were modified so that structural information would be highlighted over other information types.
Participants were twenty-four undergraduate engineering students who had little prior knowledge of the target domain (the human visual system), but were experienced in learning about functional systems using texts and illustrations. Six students were randomly assigned to each of four presentation conditions: (a) text only, (b) illustrations only, (c) text with controlled access to illustrations, or (d) text with free access to illustrations.
The materials were presented individually in a computer environment which recorded and timed all information accessed. Participants provided on-line interpretations as they read, post-input verbal and visual free recalls of the materials, and responses to integrative comprehension questions. Planned comparisons were used to contrast: (a) the two text with illustrations groups, (b) the combined text with illustrations groups to the text only group, (c) the text with illustrations groups to the illustrations only group, and (d) the processing of information which was privileged (structure) to other information.
The results indicated that the text and illustrations each provided mutually constraining information that functioned together to support comprehension. Illustrations aided the construction and elaboration of mental models by providing an external context that supported more active conceptual processing and integration of information. Text aided both literal and high level comprehension by communicating the meaning of illustrations and signaling what information was important. These results support perspectives on situated learning which emphasize the role that discourse plays in comprehending knowledge in environments involving more than one external information source. Future research is recommended to extend such findings to other populations of learners and materials.

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Speight, Amanda Gaye. « Op writing : text ornamenting vision ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16611/1/Amanda_Speight_Thesis.pdf.

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The decorative and the textual have a complex and uneasy entanglement within the history and practice of modernist art. Sometimes celebrated as critical modernist strategies, sometimes denigrated or repressed as the opposite of Art, the decorative and the textual were understood as "foreign" forms that variously endangered, or, in turn, invigorated the power of art. My creative practice, which includes installation, painting, photography, text and an exhibition catalogue, exploits and explores this decorative and textual instability within modernist art practice. In my work, (visual) codes conventionally associated with the fields of writing and pattern, are re-examined and problematised by placing them within the context of visual art. When writing and pattern become the subject of painting there is an intriguing oscillation, complication and dialogue between the spaces and codes of reading and seeing, writing and pattern, the decorative and the abstract. The thesis also explores the decorative and textual instability within modernism by analysing some key contradictory moments in aesthetic thought and arts practice. In the writings of Clement Greenberg, a "decorative" painting is deemed the highest achievement of modernist abstract painting but to arrive at this goal, the decorative must be used against itself. In Frank Stella's early abstract paintings, decorative patterns structure the work, and yet the artist and his commentators only see the work as a kind of pure, abstract painting. In Lawrence Weiner's statement-sculptures, the terse, laconic text, that nominates materials and processes, is thought to be a "direct" form of art information that would remain unchanged even in reproduction. But as Weiner's work is reproduced in journals and magazines, this "direct" form of art is complicated through a variety of reproductive forms - documentary photographs, transcription errors and differences in the visual format and typography of the text. In these key moments of contradiction, concepts such as the decorative and the textual, that have often been regarded as peripheral to visual art, will be shown to have central significance in analysing its specific qualities.

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Heimerl, Florian [Verfasser], et Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ertl. « Exploratory visual text analytics in the scientific literature domain / Florian Heimerl ; Betreuer : Thomas Ertl ». Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139709712/34.

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Olson, Christina Louise. « Message from the grave a text-in-context case study of Bikur Cholim Sephardic Cemetery / ». Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Jacobs, Ilene. « Performing the self : autobiography, narrative, image and text in self-representations ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1552.

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Thesis (MA (VA)(Visual Arts))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Thesis received without illustrations at the time of submission to this repository.
This research follows the assumption that the notion of performativity can be applied to the visual construction of identity within art-making discourse in order to explore the contingent and mutable nature of identity in representation. My interest in performativity, defined as the active, repetitive and ritualistic processes responsible for the construction of subjectivities, lies within the process of production. I indicate how this notion, within the context of self-representation, can provide the possibility for performing identity as a process. I investigate the extent to which gender, the gaze, memory and narrative contribute to the performative construction of self-representations and reveal, through the exploration of my practical research, that these concepts are themselves performative. Although agency to construct the self can be regarded as problematic, considering the role of language and discourse in determining subjectivities, this research suggests that it is possible to perform interventions from within language. I suggest that the notion of inscription provides a means through which identity constructions can be performed differently; and that my art-making process of repetitive inscription, erasure and re-inscription of image and text and the layering of paint not only reflect the notion of performativity, but also enable me to expose the multiple and fragmented nature of identities.

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Weaver, Beth Nixon. « Interactive text-image conceptual models for literary interpretation and composition in the digital age ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4602.

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This dissertation focuses on text-image conceptual models for literary interpretation and composition in the digital age. The models investigate an interactive blend of textually-based linear-sequential approaches and visually-based spatial-simultaneous approaches. The models employ Gestalt-inspired figure-ground segregation models, along with other theoretical models, that demonstrate the dynamic capabilities of images as conceptual tools as well as alternate forms of text. The models encourage an interpretative style with active participants in open-ended, multi-sensory meaning-making processes. The models use the flexible tools of modern technology as approaches to meaning-making with art strategies used for research strategies as well as a means to appreciate reading and writing in the context of an increasingly visual environment.
ID: 028916553; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-370).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of English
Arts and Humanities

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Brown, K. E. « 'Text and image in early twentieth-century Irish literary and visual culture : an Irish synaesthetic' ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438110.

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Huang, Wang. « Visual Sensation and Performative Cultural Politics : Chinese Literary Text Messages and the Colors of Texts ». The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275499580.

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Ji, Xiaonan. « An Integrated Framework of Text and Visual Analytics to Facilitate Information Retrieval towards Biomedical Literature ». The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524199589980214.

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Gerrard, Emily Elizabeth. « Picturebooks as visual literacy the influence of illustrations on second-graders' comprehension of narrative text / ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8999.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Garrido, Gabarrón Enric. « Comunicació Institucional i Producció de Sentit. La significació del text en l'estructura gràfica dels cartells de l'Ajuntament de Barcelona ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673313.

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Els carrers de les ciutats són entorns visualment fèrtils perquè les institucions es relacionin amb els seus ciutadans a través de múltiples mitjans de comunicació. La irrupció de les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació han derivat aquesta comunicació cap a les plataformes digitals i xarxes socials, però l’entorn visual urbà és encara un espai d’interacció comunicatiu utilitzat per empreses i institucions públiques per comunicar-se amb els seus usuaris. La tipologia de missatges que trobem en l’espai públic és múltiple i divers. Les ciutats s’han convertit en un entorn habitat per milers de persones que, durant el dia a dia, transiten pels seus carrers i places, quedant així exposats a tot tipus d’impactes comunicatius. Les institucions públiques utilitzen aquesta exposició com una oportunitat per enviar missatges a la ciutadania, a través de campanyes institucionals, per generar missatges de temàtiques ben diverses relacionades amb polítiques de convivència, drets socials, rehabilitació d’habitatges, discriminació, cultura o festivitats, entre d’altres. De tots els formats en què s’integren en aquestes campanyes, el cartell és possiblement l’element urbà que més ha perdurat en la convivència visual de les ciutats. En parets o marquesines, el cartell té la capacitat de relacionar-se visualment amb els ciutadans de forma més que efectiva, generant ambients comunicatius agradables i recurrents. És en el context institucional que la present investigació posiciona la mirada sobre el cartell, analitzant des de diverses disciplines el comportament dels elements gràfics que en conformen la superfície gràfica. El disseny d’una eina d’anàlisi que actua sobre una mostra de cartells de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona, ofereix un seguit de paràmetres que permeten analitzar la significació concreta del text sobre l’estructura gràfica del cartell institucional, visibilitzant aquelles àrees relacionades amb el Disseny Gràfic més rellevants per extreure informació útil per una investigació en disseny. Així, s’ofereix un escenari de relació de diferents àmbits que permeten articular la transferència de coneixement en l’àmbit del Disseny gràfic i les Metodologies d’Anàlisi Visual, necessaris per estudiar les peculiaritats significants i funcionalitats visuals del cartell institucional barceloní.
Las calles de las ciudades son entornos visualmente fértiles para que las instituciones se relacionen con sus ciudadanos a través de múltiples medios de comunicación. La irrupción de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación han derivado esta comunicación hacia plataformas digitales y redes sociales, pero el entorno visual urbano es todavía un espacio de interacción comunicativo utilizado por empresas e instituciones públicas para comunicarse con sus usuarios. La tipología de mensajes que encontramos en el espacio público es múltiple y diverso. Las ciudades se han convertido en un entorno habitado por miles de personas que, día a día, transitan por sus calles y plazas, quedando así expuestos a todo tipo de impactos comunicativos. Las instituciones públicas utilizan esta exposición como una oportunidad para enviar mensajes a la ciudadanía, a través de campañas institucionales, para generar mensajes de temáticas muy diversas relacionadas con políticas de convivencia, derechos sociales, rehabilitación de viviendas, discriminación, cultura o festividades, entre otros. De todos los formatos en que se integran en estas campañas, el cartel es posiblemente el elemento urbano que más ha perdurado en la convivencia visual de las ciudades. En paredes o marquesinas, el cartel tiene la capacidad de relacionarse visualmente con los ciudadanos de forma más que efectiva, generando ambientes comunicativos agradables y recurrentes. Es en el contexto institucional que la presente investigación posiciona la mirada sobre el cartel, analizando desde varias disciplinas el comportamiento de los elementos gráficos que conforman la superficie gráfica. El diseño de una herramienta de análisis que actúa sobre una muestra de carteles del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, ofrece una serie de parámetros que permiten analizar la significación concreta del texto sobre la estructura gráfica del cartel institucional, visibilizando aquellas áreas relacionadas con el Diseño Gráfico más relevantes para extraer información útil para una investigación en diseño. Así, se ofrece un escenario de relación de diferentes ámbitos que permiten articular la transferencia de conocimiento en el ámbito del Diseño Gráfico y las Metodologías de Análisis Visual, necesarios para estudiar las peculiaridades significantes y funcionalidades visuales del cartel institucional barcelonés.
City streets are visually fertile environments for institutions to relate to their citizens through multiple media. The iruption of Information and Communication Technologies has derived this communication to digital platforms and social networks, but the urban visual environment is still a communication interaction space used by companies and public institutions to communicate with their users. The type of messages that we find in public space are multiple and diverse. Cities have become an environment inhabited by thousands of people who, during the day, transit through their streets and squares, thus being exposed to all kinds of communication impacts. Public institutions use this exposure as an opportunity to send messages to the citizens, through institutional campaigns, generating messages from diverse topics related to coexistence policies, social rights, housing rehabilitation, discrimination, culture, or festivities, among others. Of all the formats in which they are integrated into these campaigns, the poster is possibly the most enduring urban element in the visual coexistence of cities. On walls or marquesses, the poster has the ability to relate visually to citizens more than effectively, generating pleasant and recurring communication environments. It is in the institutional context that this research positions the gaze on the poster, analysing from various disciplines the behavior of the graphic elements that make up the graphical surface. The design of an analysis tool that acts on a sample of Barcelona City Council posters, offers a number of parameters that allow us to analyze the concrete meaning of the text on the graphical structure of the institutional poster, showing the areas related to Graphic Design more relevants to extract useful information for a design investigation. Thus, we offer a relationship scenario of different fields that enable the transfer of knowledge in the field of Graphic Design and Visual Methodologies, necessary to study the significant peculiarities and visual features of the Barcelona institutional poster.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Filosofia

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Molley, Sean. « Ta Da ! - The Text Adventure Design Assistant a Visual Tool for the Development of Adventure Games ». TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/347.

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In this paper, I survey past and present tools available to text adventure game authors, and then describe a new product: the Text Adventure Design Assistant (TA DA!), a visual programming system for creating text adventure games. My system consists of two parts: an abstract framework which defines an archetypical game, and a user interface which allows for the construction of games in a visual manner by manipulating the elements of the abstract game to produce a concrete design. The two most popular contemporary programming languages for creating text adventure games, TADS and Inform, are compared and contrasted, and my abstract framework is adapted to both of these languages. The traditional pencil-and-paper design process used by adventure game authors is studied and its application to the development of TA DA! is described. Finally, the implications of TA DA! and similar advances in visual programming are discussed and I predict future trends in the design of both adventure games and other application domains based on this work.

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Chan, Mei Ling. « Web-Based Usability Evaluation of Text-Resizing Methods and Users' Visual Fatigue on Online Reading Tasks ». Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10638681.

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A web-based usability evaluation was conducted to examine the effects of two text-resizing methods on normal and low vision Internet users’ online reading experience. Normal or corrected to normal vision (N/CTN; N = 50) and low vision (N = 5) participants completed two blocks of four mock Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) reading tests on the experiment website using fixed width (FW) and text reflow (TR) text-resizing methods. Subjective visual fatigue scores, modified System Usability Scale (SUS) score, time on task, and accuracy were collected as dependent measures for user experience evaluation. Results showed that when FW method was presented in the second block, N/CtN participants’ visual fatigue continued to increase, along with a significant decrease in time spent on reading tasks. Such effects were not observed in TR method. Results of low vision participants were different from those obtained in lab settings, suggesting that testing environment may have played a role in low vision participants’ performance. Implications of the current research can be used to guide future web accessibility research in regards to online experiment design and recruitment of participants with visual impairments.

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Bartell, Nicole E. « But what do they think it means ? : the text/image relationship in informational communication / ». Online version of thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11799.

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Kingston, Matthew Patrick. « (Re)inventing the Novel : Examining the Use of Text and Image in the Twenty-First Century Novel ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KingstonMP2008.pdf.

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Bennett, Ronald W. « A comparison of combined and separate text-picture combinations on recall and application of information ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25822.pdf.

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Ryrå, Landgren Isabella. « Samspel i det berättartekniska : text, bild och effekter i musikvideor ». Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för medier och design, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8965.

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Music videos have under the last 50 years become entertainment in our society. Some are created to reflect feelings while others are a kind of showcase for the artist. There are also those based off of the lyrics and thus creates a short film or an illustration of the lyrics. Through the use of technologies such as visual effects is it possible to bring the impossible worlds and stories alive.Videos with these effects are the kind of videos I've been analyzing in this essay with the purposeto explore how much the visual effects affect the narration. To achieve this I have chosen to make a semiotic study focused on analysis and interpretations of five chosen music videos created during orafter the year 2000. CGI, slow-motion and metaphors are techniques I've been looking at and they have proved to contribute to how the story of the video is told and how it's understood. The interplay between image and text is another thing I've been studying and in the chosen videos it's been varying between interpretations and literal translation to the other.
Musikvideor har under de senaste 50 åren varit en form av underhållning för vårt samhälle. Somliga formas för att spegla känslor medan andra visar upp artisten. Det finns de som baserar sig på låttexten för att skapa en kortare film eller gestalta låttextens innehåll. Med hjälp av tekniker som visuella effekter kan dessa drömlika och omöjliga världar och historier komma till liv. Det är videor med sådana effekter jag valt att analysera i denna uppsats med syftet att ta reda påhur stor roll de visuella effekterna spelar i berättandet. För att komma fram till detta har jag gjort en semiotisk studie fokuserad på analys och tolkningar av fem valda videor skapade under eller efter 2000-talet. CGI, slow-motion och metaforer är tekniker jag kollat på och det har visat sig att de alla bidrar till hur berättandet utspelas och uppfattas. Sambandet mellan bild och text i de valda videorna har pendlat mellan tolkning till bokstavligt översatt till varandra.

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Douglas, James Maxwell Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. « Pictures and page numbers - image, text and formal structure in the visual book and the artist's book ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Art, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23945.

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Within the realm of artists' book works there are few that could not be said to display a fundamental concern with the physicality of the book. The mechanics of page turning are integrally implied in any artist's decision to utilise the book form. Indeed, artists' books emphasise the ability of book forms, and of text and language, to acquire meaning through form and structure alone. The physical and conceptual mechanics, or syntax, of the book - whose basis lies as much in the formal, functional dictates of the book's material characteristics, as in centuries of entrenched tradition in page layout and book design - affords a spatial, sculptural and temporal framework whose manipulation may be effortlessly and subconsciously 'read' by the viewer, according to their inherent understanding and appreciation of the form's conceptual function and operation. But while the structural connotations of the book suggest that special kind of decipherment known as 'reading', the broader associations of the book's mythic, iconic and historic symbolism may be equally unavoidable. The book works comprising the research that this paper accompanies therefore aim, on the one hand, to explore the formal, structural physicality and spatiality of the book as both a self-contained sculptural platform and as a particular sort of collection, or series, of visual imagery, while on the other hand, seeking to address the psychological form of the book as an iconic, symbolic object, and to simulate something of the character of the unique, precious and mythic books of the past. Thus it has been an attempt to deal with abstract notions of pattern and structure, as well as with the mental frameworks of association and connotation surrounding the visual modes adopted to represent these structures. The project presents an integrated and interrelated series of unique, hand-made book works that are about books - or perhaps a particular kind of 'bookishness' - a collection which aims to be physically very real, but at the same time completely mythical, and in whose volumes the common conceptual and aesthetic reference is the inherent, traditional austerity of the book page, and the simultaneous conceptual movement and structural dynamics of the mechanical book form.

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Williams, Stephen E. « An Experimental Comparison of Middle School Students Motivation and Preference Toward Text and Graphic-Based Programming ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/487.

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The purpose of this study was to compare seventh-grade students' motivation and preference toward text-based programming using Visual Basic, and graphics-based programming using Robolab. Motivation was defined by the My Class Activities questionnaire using the dimensions of interest, challenge, choice, and enjoyment. Preference was determined through team and individual student choice. This study was conducted with 122 students from three 6-week technology education classes. This study examined two hypotheses. First, middles school students will be more motivated when using a graphics-based programming language than text-based as measured by the My Class Activities survey. The second hypothesis for this study was that middle school students preferred using graphic-based programming more than using text-based programming in an introductory experience. Student preference was identified individually and within a team environment.

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Krantz, Richard. « PIPETT 1 ». Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5784.

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PIPPET 1 tar avstamp i 10 olika spår eller riktningar som är tongivande för mitt konstnärsskap. Av 10 spår valdes 3 slumpmässigt ut; Öknen, Humorn och Språket. De övriga finns nämnda i uppsatsens appendix. Då min konstnärliga praktik är projektbaserad och diskparat både i estetik och koncept, syftar detta till att bena ut min egen praktik för att komma närmare pudelns kärna. De olika spåren tar upp både populärkulturella och konstnärliga referenser, samt några få personliga anekdoter som har bäring för dem. Även tankar och kritiska reflektioner om egna konstverk tas upp.I "Öknen" disskuteras det sökande och det mytiska. "Humorn" kretsar kring den relativt nya teoribildningen Concrete Comedy, som utformats av konstnären och skribenten David Robbins. I "Språket" disskuteras användandet av ord och text som bilder, men bortom det typografiska och litterära.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Visual grounding of text »

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