Articles de revues : « Virtual power »

1

Kumagai, Jean. « Virtual power plants, real power ». IEEE Spectrum 49, n^o 3 (mars 2012) : 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2012.6156852.

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Newman, Guy, et Joseph Mutale. « Characterising Virtual Power Plants ». International Journal of Electrical Engineering & ; Education 46, n^o 4 (octobre 2009) : 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.46.4.1.

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Mackenzie, Kenneth D. « Virtual Positions and Power ». Management Science 32, n^o 5 (mai 1986) : 622–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.5.622.

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Janneck, Monique, et Henning Staar. « Playing Virtual Power Games ». International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 1, n^o 2 (avril 2011) : 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2011040103.

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Although virtual organizations and networks have been studied, there is still need for research regarding their inner dynamics and the mechanisms of leadership and governance. This paper investigates micro-political processes i.e. informal actions of individual actors to gain power and exert influence, which is a well-researched concept in traditional organizations with respect to inter-organizational networks. This study investigates structures and strategies of power within virtual networks. Results show that micro-political tactics known from research in traditional organizations are used in inter-organizational settings. Additional micro-political tactics, specific to virtual networks, are identified. The latter are related to the use of information and communication technology (ICT). A second quantitative study surveyed 359 members of inter-organizational networks on their use of micro-political tactics. Results confirm that micro-political strategies are widely used in virtual networks. The degree of virtuality was associated with the use of certain tactics. Possible implications for the structure and governance of virtual networks and the design of the technology that is used to support virtual cooperation are discussed.

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Fosdick, Roger. « Observations concerning virtual power ». Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 16, n^o 6 (28 avril 2011) : 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286510387708.

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Pringle, Stewart. « The power of virtual ». New Scientist 234, n^o 3119 (avril 2017) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)30639-5.

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Ausubel, Lawrence M., et Peter Cramton. « Virtual power plant auctions ». Utilities Policy 18, n^o 4 (décembre 2010) : 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2010.05.002.

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Chang, Ya Chin, Sung Ling Chen, Rung Fang Chang et Chan Nan Lu. « Optimal Virtual Power Plant Dispatching Approach ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (juin 2014) : 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.511.

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As the integrator of energy resources (DERs), a virtual power plant (VPP) would be able to control the amount of the power access to the distribution transformers such that energy efficiency can be improved. Battery energy storage system (BESS) and demand response (DR) as DERs can entrust the VPP with certain controllability to regulate the power supply of the distribution system. This paper aims to maximize the benefit of the supplied powers over the 24 hours under VPP operation. Combining an iterative dynamic programming optimal BESS schedule approach and a PSO-based DR scheme optimization approach, an optimal VPP operational method is proposed to minimize the total electricity cost with respect to the power supply limit of the distribution transformers and the system security constraints, especially, within the peak load hours. With the TOU rate given each hour, test results had confirmed the validity of the proposed method with the obviously decreased power supply in each peak-load hours and the largely reduced electricity cost accordingly.

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Yang, Zhiping. « Power integrity and power consumption standards virtual Sandpit ». IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine 9, n^o 2 (2020) : 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memc.2020.9133251.

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Chen, Xiaofeng, Guanlu Yang, Yajing Lv et Zehong Huang. « Power Management System Based on Virtual Power Plant ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 356 (28 octobre 2019) : 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/356/1/012006.

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Liao, Hung-Chang. « The Virtual Power in Blogs ». Glimpse 9 (2007) : 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/glimpse2007-89-1010.

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Falanga, Rebecca. « Embrace the power of virtual ». American Nurse Journal 17, n^o 10 (12 octobre 2022) : 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51256/anj102229.

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Klein, Alice. « Virtual power to the people ». New Scientist 237, n^o 3168 (mars 2018) : 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)30435-4.

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Jorjafki, Elham Mohammadi, Brad J. Sagarin et Sachit Butail. « Drawing power of virtual crowds ». Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, n^o 145 (août 2018) : 20180335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0335.

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In 1969, social psychologist Milgram and his colleagues conducted an experiment on a busy city street where passers-by witnessed a set of actors spontaneously looking up towards a building. The experiment showed that the crowd's propensity to mimic the actor's gaze increased with the number of actors that looked up. This form of behavioural contagion is found in many social organisms and is central to how information travels through large groups. With the advancement of virtual reality and its continued application towards understanding human response to crowd behaviour, it remains to be verified if behavioural contagion occurs in walkable virtual environments, and how it compares with results from real-world experiments. In this study, we adapt Milgram's experiment for virtual environments and use it to reproduce behavioural contagion. Specifically, we construct a replica of an indoor location and combine two established pedestrian motion models to create an interactive crowd of 60 virtual characters that walk through the indoor location. The stimulus group comprised a subset of the characters who look up at a random time as the participants explore the virtual environment. Our results show that the probability of looking up by a participant is dependent on the size of the stimulus group saturating to near certainty when three or more characters look up. The role of stimulus size was also evident when participant actions were compared with survey responses which showed that more participants selected to not look up even though they saw characters redirect their gaze upwards when the size of the stimulus group was small. Participants also spent more time looking up and exhibited frequent head turns with a larger stimulus group. Results from this study provide evidence that behavioural contagion can be triggered in the virtual environment, and can be used to build and test complex hypotheses for understanding human behaviour in a variety of crowd scenarios.

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Chun Li, Wilsun Xu, B. Hughes, J. Gurney et B. Neilson. « Virtual PQ troubleshooter [power quality] ». IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 1, n^o 3 (mai 2003) : 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpae.2003.1197912.

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Tan, Zhongfu, Qingkun Tan et Yuwei Wang. « Bidding Strategy of Virtual Power Plant with Energy Storage Power Station and Photovoltaic and Wind Power ». Journal of Engineering 2018 (2018) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6139086.

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For the virtual power plants containing energy storage power stations and photovoltaic and wind power, the output of PV and wind power is uncertain and virtual power plants must consider this uncertainty when they participate in the auction in the electricity market. In this context, this paper studies the bidding strategy of the virtual power plant with photovoltaic and wind power. Assuming that the upper and lower limits of the combined output of photovoltaic and wind power are stochastically variable, the fluctuation range of the day-ahead energy market and capacity price is stochastically variable. If the capacity of the storage station is large enough to stabilize the fluctuation of the output of the wind and photovoltaic power, virtual power plants can participate in the electricity market bidding. This paper constructs a robust optimization model of virtual power plant bidding strategy in the electricity market, which considers the cost of charge and discharge of energy storage power station and transmission congestion. The model proposed in this paper is solved by CPLEX; the example results show that the model is reasonable and the method is valid.

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Lee, Hyoung-Wook, Hyun-Joong Lee, Jong-Kwan Woo, Woo-Yeol Shin et Su-Hwan Kim. « Power-Gating Structure with Virtual Power-Rail Monitoring Mechanism ». JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science 8, n^o 2 (30 juin 2008) : 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2008.8.2.134.

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Deng, Wei, Jianwei Zhong, Ming Huang, Jixue Zhang et Zhekai Zhang. « Adaptive Control Strategy with Threshold of Virtual Inertia and Virtual Damping for Virtual Synchronous Generator ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2203, n^o 1 (1 février 2022) : 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2203/1/012039.

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Abstract Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy can provide inertia and damping support for the power system by simulating the operating characteristics of synchronous generator, and improve the frequency response of the power system. First, analyse the influence of various parameters on the output characteristics of the system by establishing a mathematical model of VSG. Secondly, to fully utilize the flexible and controllable characteristics of VSG control strategy, the basic principle of VSG parameter adaptation is obtained through the analysis of the angular frequency oscillation characteristics of synchronous generators, and an adaptive control strategy of virtual inertia and virtual damping parameter is proposed, which can better track changes in frequency, and set the action threshold for adaptive control. Finally, compare the frequency and active power response between the traditional VSG control strategy and the adaptive one and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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LUBOSNY, Zbigniew. « Virtual Inertia in Electric Power Systems ». AUTOMATYKA, ELEKTRYKA, ZAKLOCENIA 11, n^o 1(39)2020 (31 mars 2020) : 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17274/aez.2020.39.01.

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Jangra, Sarita. « An overview on virtual power plant ». Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 10, n^o 10 (2021) : 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.00951.4.

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Qi, Ning, Bin Qiang Wang, Bo Yuan et Bo Zhang. « Constructing Power-Aware Multicast Virtual Networks ». Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (août 2011) : 1728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1728.

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Power consumption of Internet is becoming more and more a sensible problem, which is of interest for both the research community and the general public. In this paper we have formally defined the power-aware multicast VN construction problem and setup an ILP model whose objective is to find a virtual topology on top of substrate network fulfilling all restrictions, while the power consumption of construction is minimized. In order to address the problem efficiently we develop a greedy algorithm: PMVNMH. The efficiency of the power-aware construction algorithm is evaluated by emulation experiment.

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Zrudsky, D. R., et J. M. Pichler. « Virtual instrument for instantaneous power measurements ». IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 41, n^o 4 (1992) : 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.155920.

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Adrian, Angela. « The 'soft power' of virtual reality ». International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry 1, n^o 1/2 (2007) : 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlse.2007.014577.

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Hellestrand, G. « Save power with virtual system prototyping ». Electronics Systems and Software 3, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2005) : 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ess:20050603.

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Ramesh, V. C. « Browse the power engineering virtual library ». IEEE Computer Applications in Power 8, n^o 4 (1995) : 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/67.468316.

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Iovan, Monica, Flavius Dan Surianu et Florin Molnar-Matei. « Virtual Laboratory for Power Quality Study ». Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 191 (juin 2015) : 2798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.438.

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Dutkiewicz, Stephanie. « Power in Modeling Virtual Marine Microbes ». Microbe Magazine 7, n^o 7 (1 janvier 2012) : 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.7.314.1.

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Schulzke, M. « The Critical Power of Virtual Dystopias ». Games and Culture 9, n^o 5 (14 juillet 2014) : 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412014541694.

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Dall'Anese, Emiliano, Swaroop S. Guggilam, Andrea Simonetto, Yu Christine Chen et Sairaj V. Dhople. « Optimal Regulation of Virtual Power Plants ». IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, n^o 2 (mars 2018) : 1868–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2741920.

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Podio-Guidugli, Paolo. « A virtual power format for thermomechanics ». Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 20, n^o 8 (11 février 2009) : 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00161-009-0093-5.

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Paniah, Crédo, Cédric Herpson et Javier Gil-Quijano. « A Markov Decision Model for Cooperative Virtual Power Plants Market Participation ». Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, n^o 4 (2015) : 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.213.

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Zhang, Guanfeng, Junyou Yang, Haixin Wang et Jia Cui. « Presynchronous Grid-Connection Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Generator Based on Virtual Impedance ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (9 novembre 2020) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3690564.

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The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology of inverter is widely used to provide the inertia and damping support for power system. However, an additional measurement device PLL (phase-locked loop) is required in the virtual synchronous generator grid connection to track the voltage phase, amplitude, and frequency, which restricts the flexible output of the distributed power generation system. To tackle this challenge, a method for grid-connected control of virtual synchronous generator based on virtual impedance is proposed. It is assumed that there is a virtual power exchange between the synchronous machine and the power grid when the virtual synchronous generator is off-grid, the virtual impedance is developed to calculate the virtual current, and when the virtual current is zero, the output voltage of the VSG can be synchronized with the voltage of the power grid, thereby seamlessly switching between off-grid and grid-connected VSG. A semiphysical simulation platform is built based on RT-LAB; simulation and experimental results show that the proposed grid synchronization control strategy of the VSG can achieve seamless transform between different VSG modes, which is simpler than the conventional synchronization control, while having a good active and reactive power tracing performance.

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Buckingham, David, et Carlos Rodríguez-Hoyos. « Learning about Power and Citizenship in an Online Virtual World ». Comunicar 20, n^o 40 (1 mars 2013) : 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c40-2013-02-05.

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This work presents a research study designed to analyse the development of power relations in a virtual world, known as Habbo Hotel, aimed at the child and teenage market. What motivated this work was the desire to understand how this company wielded its power through the different agents responsible for taking decisions on the behaviour of the users within this virtual world. Simultaneously, this research went deeply into the type of lessons learnt by users as to citizenship springing from the behaviour rules imposed by the company owning this space. In order to understand what young people were learning about the wielding of power, and the prototype model citizen within the virtual world, we analyse the systems of rules that govern what users can or cannot do, and we proceed to analyse the contents of spaces in which users will talk about the reasons why the company had expelled them from Habbo Hotel. The findings of this work reveal that the application of rules on the part of the company results in the experience inside this virtual world not always being fun, democratic, creative, participative or completely satisfying. This thus questions some of the main arguments proposed by different writers on these new forms of communication. En este trabajo se presenta una investigación orientada a analizar cómo se desarrollan las relaciones de poder dentro de un mundo virtual dirigido al público infantil y adolescente (Habbo Hotel). Se pretendía llegar a comprender cómo estaba la compañía propietaria de ese espacio moderando, y por lo tanto ejerciendo su poder, a través de los diferentes actores encargados de tomar decisiones sobre el comportamiento de los usuarios dentro del mundo virtual. Al mismo tiempo, se profundizó en el tipo de lecciones que aprenden los usuarios sobre el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, derivadas de las normas de comportamiento impuestas por la compañía. Para comprender qué estaban aprendiendo los menores sobre el ejercicio del poder y sobre el prototipo de ciudadano modelo dentro del mundo virtual, analizamos los sistemas de reglas que regulan aquello que pueden o no hacer los usuarios y procedimos al análisis del contenido de espacios en los que los usuarios hablaban sobre los motivos por los que la compañía los había expulsado de «Habbo Hotel». Los resultados de este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que la aplicación del sistema de reglas por parte de la compañía hace que la experiencia dentro del mundo virtual no sea siempre lúdica, democrática, creativa, participativa o plenamente satisfactoria. Esto pone en entredicho algunos de los principales argumentos esgrimidos por diferentes autores en defensa de estos nuevos medios de comunicación.

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Chen, Chao, et Jorge Angeles. « Virtual-Power Flow and Mechanical Gear-Mesh Power Losses of Epicyclic Gear Trains ». Journal of Mechanical Design 129, n^o 1 (31 juillet 2006) : 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2359473.

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The concept of virtual power is first defined as the power measured, in a noninertial frame, in an epicyclic gear train. We then introduce the concept of virtual-power ratio, an invariant related to the power loss in an epicyclic system. It is shown that virtual-power flow and balance exist in an epicyclic gear train, based on which a novel algorithm to compute the gear-mesh powerloss and the train efficiency is formulated. This algorithm is general enough to be applied to any given epicyclic gear train. Our results are compared with previous work on the subject.

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Chen, Zhe, et Yanting Hu. « A Virtual Power Plant with a Power Electronic Based Controller ». International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 8, n^o 4 (31 août 2013) : 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/iree.v8i4.1876.

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Aksan, Fachrizal, Michał Jasiński, Tomasz Sikorski, Dominika Kaczorowska, Jacek Rezmer, Vishnu Suresh, Zbigniew Leonowicz, Paweł Kostyła, Jarosław Szymańda et Przemysław Janik. « Clustering Methods for Power Quality Measurements in Virtual Power Plant ». Energies 14, n^o 18 (17 septembre 2021) : 5902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185902.

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In this article, a case study is presented on applying cluster analysis techniques to evaluate the level of power quality (PQ) parameters of a virtual power plant. The conducted research concerns the application of the K-means algorithm in comparison with the agglomerative algorithm for PQ data, which have different sizes of features. The object of the study deals with the standardized datasets containing classical PQ parameters from two sub-studies. Moreover, the optimal number of clusters for both algorithms is discussed using the elbow method and a dendrogram. The experimental results show that the dendrogram method requires a long processing time but gives a consistent result of the optimal number of clusters when there are additional parameters. In comparison, the elbow method is easy to compute but gives inconsistent results. According to the Calinski–Harabasz index and silhouette coefficient, the K-means algorithm performs better than the agglomerative algorithm in clustering the data points when there are no additional features of PQ data. Finally, based on the standard EN 50160, the result of the cluster analysis from both algorithms shows that all PQ parameters for each cluster in the two study objects are still below the limit level and work under normal operating conditions.

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Sun, Weibin, Sanming Liu, Hao Dong et Qifan Huang. « Electric power dispatching of virtual power plant with electric vehicle ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2409, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2022) : 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2409/1/012019.

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Abstract Because electric vehicles have many advantages such as low carbon, environmental protection, and low cost compared with fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have developed rapidly in recent years, which will lead to large-scale impact load. In this paper, the electric vehicle is regarded as an energy storage device, a multi-energy VPP electric thermal scheduling model including electric vehicles is established, and a scheduling strategy for electric vehicles to participate in the power system scheduling is proposed. With the minimum cost of VPP and the minimum carbon dioxide emissions as the optimization objectives, the relevant objective functions are described, and equality constraints and inequality constraints are applied to them. Then, the improved algorithm is applied to solve the model. The results of the example analysis show that the virtual power plant system model with electric vehicles established in this paper can reduce the operating cost of the VPP system, reduce carbon emissions, and be conducive to the safe, low-carbon, and economic operation of the power system.

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He, Jie, Xi Luo et Wen Zhao. « Research on declaration strategy of virtual power plant spot market considering transaction price risk ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1011, n^o 1 (1 avril 2022) : 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012015.

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Abstract In order to control the risk of power spot market price fluctuation on the operation benefit of virtual power plant, the transaction risk of virtual power plant operator is studied, and the virtual power plant declaration strategy considering spot transaction risk is proposed. The fluctuation of spot market price may cause the profit change or even loss of virtual power plant. According to the expectation of market price fluctuation, the expected risk constraint of virtual power plant based on conditional value at risk is established to ensure that the transaction risk of virtual power plant declaration strategy is within its tolerable range. On this basis, a virtual power plant spot market declaration strategy model considering transaction price risk is proposed. The model optimizes the maximum expected return and considers the constraints including expected risk constraints. Finally, an example is constructed based on the actual data of a virtual power plant to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Tan, Kuang-Hsiung, Faa-Jeng Lin, Tzu-Yu Tseng, Meng-Yang Li et Yih-Der Lee. « Virtual Synchronous Generator Using an Intelligent Controller for Virtual Inertia Estimation ». Electronics 11, n^o 1 (28 décembre 2021) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010086.

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Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) with inertia characteristics are generally adopted for the control of distributed generators (DGs) in order to mimic a synchronous generator. However, since the amount of virtual inertia in VSG control is usually constant and given by trial and error, the real power and frequency oscillations of a battery energy storage system (BESS) occurring under load variation result in the degradation of the control performance of the DG. Thus, in this study, a novel virtual inertia estimation methodology is proposed to estimate suitable values of virtual inertia for VSGs and to suppress the real power output and frequency oscillations of the DG under load variation. In addition, to improve the function of the proposed virtual inertia estimator and the transient responses of the real power output and frequency of the DG, an online-trained Petri probabilistic wavelet fuzzy neural network (PPWFNN) controller is proposed to replace the proportional integral (PI) controller. The network structure and the online learning algorithm using backpropagation (BP) of the proposed PPWFNN are represented in detail. Finally, on the basis of the experimental results, it can be concluded that superior performance in terms of real power output and frequency response under load variation can be achieved by using the proposed virtual inertia estimator and the intelligent PPWFNN controller.

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Tang, Zhuofan, Jiani Xiang, Yuwei Duan, Hongzhi Zhang, Yajie Wu et Weidong Wang. « Robust scheduling of virtual power plant with power-to-gas device ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2260, n^o 1 (1 avril 2022) : 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012009.

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Abstract The uncertainty of renewable energy output is the key factor should be considered in its participation in power market transactions. By combining renewable energy, adjustable load and energy storage devices into virtual power plants to participate in power market transactions, the risk of renewable energy participating in power market alone can be effectively reduced. In addition, as an important means of energy conversion, the power to gas (P2G) device expands the idea for the effective utilization of redundant renewable energy. In this paper, the robust optimization theory is used to analyze the output of renewable energy and the uncertainty of electricity market price. The stochastic model is transformed into a robust model, which reduces the computational burden of virtual power plant participating in the optimal decision-making of power market. The established model is verified by cases, and the influence of P2G device on the decision-making behavior of virtual power plant is analyzed.

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Xue, Qingshui, Zhen Xue, Haifeng Ma, Yue Sun et Xuelei Shi. « Design of Virtual Power Plant System Model under Master-Slave Multi-chain ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2166, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2166/1/012043.

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Abstract The emergence and development of new technology provides a new way of thinking for solving the problems in the traditional energy industry. Introducing block chain technology into virtual power plant can solve the problems existing in virtual power plant such as. to improve the safety, reliability and operation efficiency of virtual power plant. At present, the research on the application of block chain technology in virtual power plants is mostly based on single-chain structure, which makes the system not extensible. Based on this problem, a virtual power plant model with main and multi-chain structure is presented, which improves the scalability of virtual power plant with block chain technology. The use of block chain technology improves the security and fairness of power transactions. It can allocate power more efficiently to improve energy utilization.

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Kim, Youn-mi. « Virtual Pilgrimage and Virtual Geography : Power of Liao Miniature Pagodas (907-1125) ». Religions 8, n^o 10 (26 septembre 2017) : 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel8100206.

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Kim, Myungchin, Sung Lee et Sungwoo Bae. « Decentralized Power Management for Electrical Power Systems in More Electric Aircrafts ». Electronics 7, n^o 9 (10 septembre 2018) : 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090187.

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In order to implement reliable and flexible power management among energy sources, a decentralized power management approach for electrical power systems (EPSs) in the more electric aircraft (MEA) is studied. Considering the increased use of electrical power for various functions, the performance of MEA would be determined by the design and operation of the EPS. By using a virtual impedance that includes both a resistive term and an inductive term, autonomous power sharing is realized. Because of the frequency dependence in the virtual impedance, different power sharing ratios between steady state and transient state can be considered. Not only the operation of various power sources is coordinated without supervision of a centralized controller, but also the operation profile of each source can be adjusted to meet output characteristics of each source. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a series of simulations that consider various virtual impedance configurations were conducted. The proposed approach contributes to a higher level of operational flexibility, while enabling reliable and cost-effective management of MEAs.

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Yu, Yongliang. « The virtual power principle in fluid mechanics ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 744 (11 mars 2014) : 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.45.

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AbstractA conceptual framework on analytical mechanics for continuous fluid medium, which connects the fluid motion and all of the (internal and external) forces with mechanical power, is proposed by using the virtual power and the virtual velocity. Based on this framework, it is found that the internal virtual power is equal to the external virtual power in fluid dynamics, which is called the virtual power principle. This framework is also proved to be equivalent to the vector dynamics (Cauchy’s equation or Navier–Stokes equation). Furthermore, based on the virtual power principle, a theorem is introduced for continuous fluid medium, which indicates the relationship between the force (or torque) acting on a body immersed in a fluid and the specified virtual power. Subsequently, according to Galilean invariance, the detailed relationship for Newtonian fluids in incompressible flows is derived and used to illustrate the mechanisms on instantaneous forces: the added inertial effects, the boundary energy flux and dissipation effects, the vortex contribution, and the explicit body force contribution. As an application of the principle, the advantage of the V formation flight of geese is preliminarily discussed in the view of aerodynamics. Specifically, the total drag of the flock is reduced by contrast with the simple sum of the drag in solo fight and the optimal angle of V ranges from $60^{\circ }$ to $120^{\circ }$. The principle could be a useful approach to reveal the contributions of the flow structures and the moving or deforming boundaries to the force and torque acting on a body, especially in a multibody system.

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Jigoria-Oprea, Dan, Gheorghe Vuc et Marcela Litcanu. « Optimal Management of a Virtual Power Plant ». Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 1, n^o 3 (17 octobre 2016) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v1i3.38.

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Deregulation of energy market led to the development of flexible and efficient framework for energy trading by energy companies in a competitive environment. Both deregulation and the concern towards environment issues increased the number of small and medium renewable power plants distributed in the network. The variability of renewable energy sources and the lack of their central monitoring led to new challenges concerning power system operation. The idea of aggregation for distributed energy sources led to the concept of virtual power plant, which determines a better control of production units but also a better visibility for the system operator. In this paper, the authors propose an optimal management solution which can offer a virtual power plant the capability to sell complete services, both for production and demand side management, by decreasing the necessary reserve for balance.

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LI, Tao. « Agent-based power quality monitoring virtual device ». Journal of Computer Applications 28, n^o 1 (10 juillet 2008) : 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.00254.

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Przychodzień, Arkadiusz. « Virtual power plants - types and development opportunities ». E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019) : 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701044.

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Modern power engineering meets new challenges. With the development of new energy production and storage technologies, creates new demands for energy services. To support this development, it is necessary to implement new teleinformatic systems that will allow for resource management. Such systems are called Virtual Power Plants (VPP). There are many definitions of this type of solutions due to the very wide range of possible applications. VPPs can be developed by many types of entities, e.g. distribution system operators, electricity generators, energy clusters. The ability to build a system based on modules allows you to customize the system to user’s needs. An opportunity for the development of VPP will be a package “Clean energy for all Europeans” (so called “Winter package”) that introduces regulations that allow for the development of renewable energy sources, including prosumers, and enables an active participation in the energy market for energy consumers. In addition, more stringent requirements for balancing production and energy consumption are introduced, requiring greater balancing accuracy.

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Panteli, Niki, et Robert Tucker. « Power and trust in global virtual teams ». Communications of the ACM 52, n^o 12 (décembre 2009) : 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1610252.1610282.

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Lockwood, Jane, et Gail Forey. « Discursive control and power in virtual meetings ». Discourse & ; Communication 10, n^o 4 (5 avril 2016) : 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481316638152.

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Sadeghian, Omid, Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani et Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo. « Generation maintenance scheduling in virtual power plants ». IET Generation, Transmission & ; Distribution 13, n^o 12 (18 juin 2019) : 2584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6751.

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