Bibliographies thématiques / Viral genetics

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Viral genetics »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 25 février 2023

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  1. Articles de revues
  2. Thèses
  3. Livres
  4. Chapitres de livres
  5. Actes de conférences
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Viral genetics":

1

Wimmer, Eckard, et Rob Goldbach. « Viral genetics ». Current Opinion in Genetics & ; Development 2, no 1 (février 1992) : 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80322-3.

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Smith. « Genomics of Avian Viral Infections ». Genes 10, no 10 (15 octobre 2019) : 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10100814.

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The poultry industry currently accounts for the production of around 118 million metric tons of meat and around 74 million metric tons of eggs annually. As the global population continues to increase, so does our reliance on poultry as a food source. It is therefore of vital importance that we safeguard this valuable resource and make the industry as economically competitive as possible. Avian viral infections, however, continue to cost the poultry industry billions of dollars annually. This can be in terms of vaccination costs, loss of birds and decreased production. With a view to improving the health and welfare of commercial birds and to minimizing associated economic losses, it is therefore of great importance that we try to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying host susceptibility and resilience to some of the major viral pathogens that threaten the poultry species. Some avian viruses, through their zoonotic potential, also pose a risk to human health. This Special Issue will present papers that describe our current knowledge on host responses to various viral pathogens, the genetics underlying those responses and how genomics can begin to provide a solution for resolving the threat posed by these infections.
3

Gao, Hong, et Marcus W. Feldman. « Complementation and Epistasis in Viral Coinfection Dynamics ». Genetics 182, no 1 (6 mars 2009) : 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099796.

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Lieberman, Paul M. « Epigenetics and Genetics of Viral Latency ». Cell Host & ; Microbe 19, no 5 (mai 2016) : 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.008.

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Crill, W. D., H. A. Wichman et J. J. Bull. « Evolutionary Reversals During Viral Adaptation to Alternating Hosts ». Genetics 154, no 1 (1 janvier 2000) : 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.1.27.

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Abstract Experimental adaptation of the bacteriophage ϕX174 to a Salmonella host depressed its ability to grow on the traditional Escherichia host, whereas adaptation to Escherichia did not appreciably affect growth on Salmonella. Continued host switching consistently exhibited this pattern. Growth inhibition on Escherichia resulted from two to three substitutions in the major capsid gene. When these phages were forced to grow again on Escherichia, fitness recovery occurred predominantly by reversions at these same sites, rather than by second-site compensatory changes, the more frequently observed mechanism in most microbial systems. The affected residues lie on the virion surface and they alter attachment efficiency, yet they occur in a region distinct from a putative binding region previously identified from X-ray crystallography. These residues not only experienced high rates of evolution in our experiments, but also exhibited high levels of radical amino acid variation among ϕX174 and its known relatives, consistent with a history of adaptation involving these sites.
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Fleuriet, Annie. « Evolution of the Proportions of Two Sigma Viral Types in Experimental Populations of Drosophila melanogaster in the Absence of the Allele That Is Restrictive of Viral Multiplication ». Genetics 153, no 4 (1 décembre 1999) : 1799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.4.1799.

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Abstract A minority of flies in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster are endemically infected by a rhabdovirus, sigma. The virus is vertically transmitted through male and female gametes. Two alleles of a fly locus, the ref(2)P locus, are present as a polymorphism in all populations: O permissive, and P restrictive for viral multiplication and transmission. Two viral types are known, Type I, which is very sensitive to the P allele, and Type II, which is more resistant. Previous observations have shown that, in presence of the P allele, viral Type II is selected for, in both natural and experimental populations. The aim of the present study was to determine whether, in the absence of P, Type I is selected for, or whether the two types are equivalent. For this purpose, experimental populations deprived of the P allele and differing in the initial proportions of the two viral types were established. After several generations, and despite a possible bias toward Type I, the frequencies of Type I and Type II clones differed in the various populations, depending on their initial values. These findings do not rule out selective advantage of viral Type I in the absence of P, but suggest that, if any, this advantage is in no way comparable to that displayed by viral Type II in the presence of P.
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Gratia, Jean-Pierre. « André Gratia : A Forerunner in Microbial and Viral Genetics ». Genetics 156, no 2 (1 octobre 2000) : 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.2.471.

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Adamson, Amy L., Kultaran Chohan, Jennifer Swenson et Dennis LaJeunesse. « ADrosophilaModel for Genetic Analysis of Influenza Viral/Host Interactions ». Genetics 189, no 2 (20 juillet 2011) : 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.132290.

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Warren, Cody J., et Sara L. Sawyer. « How host genetics dictates successful viral zoonosis ». PLOS Biology 17, no 4 (19 avril 2019) : e3000217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000217.

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Flint, Jane, et Thomas Shenk. « VIRAL TRANSACTIVATING PROTEINS ». Annual Review of Genetics 31, no 1 (décembre 1997) : 177–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.177.

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Articles de revues Thèses Livres

Thèses sur le sujet "Viral genetics":

1

Beier, Kevin. « Viral Tracing of Neuronal Circuitry ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10241.

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To understand how the nervous system processes information, a map of the connections among neurons is essential. Viral transsynaptic transmission has gained popularity as a method for labeling neural circuits. In particular, the development of retrograde monosynaptic tracing vectors has enabled visualization of the pre-synaptic inputs onto defined sets of postsynaptic neurons. This system utilized the rabies virus (RABV), in which the glycoprotein gene in the virus was deleted, and re-supplied in trans. In order to build alternative, more flexible tracers, we made recombinant VSV genomes, first developing the use of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) for tracing neuronal connections. Viruses encoding several different fluorescent proteins were made, giving brilliantly labeled neurons, bright enough for live imaging and characterization of the detailed morphologies of cells. Expression was very rapid, facilitating identification of neurons both in vivo and in ex vivo applications. In addition, the use of an avian glycoprotein (ASLV-A) allowed specific targeting to cells expressing an avian glycoprotein receptor (TVA). This allowed monosynaptic tracing from defined starter cells. In order to alter the direction and cell type specificity of transmission, we then fitted VSV with a glycoprotein from one of multiple other viruses. Glycoproteins such as the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) endowed VSV with the ability to spread in a retrograde transsynaptic pattern, while the glycoproteins from viruses such as the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) gave an anterograde pattern of transsynaptic spread. This anterograde or retrograde spread was observed in all species tested, and even for other non-VSV viruses, such as lentiviruses. We also developed transsynaptic tracing viruses which direct viral spread between defined cell types, instead of from a defined cell type to any upstream of downstream cell. In all, we developed an extensive transsynaptic tracing repertoire for tracing neuronal connections.
2

James, Katherine Louise. « Viral genetics of HIV-2 infection ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68ba022d-62e4-4cb1-8032-085ea5240b98.

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HIV-2 is a contemporary human retrovirus with the majority of infections localised to West Africa. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are able to cause AIDS; however, in contrast to HIV-1 infection, a common outcome following HIV-2 infection (∼ 37% of patients in this study cohort) is long-term non-progression (LTNP), where patients remain aviraemic and asymptomatic in the absence of treatment, often for decades. HIV-1 and HIV-2 both arose following zoonotic transmission of SIVs from non-human primates at around the beginning of the 20th century and when patients develop AIDS caused by HIV-2 infection, it is clinically indistinguishable from AIDS following HIV-1 infection. Whilst the estimated number of HIV-2 infections remains small in the context of the global HIV pandemic (HIV-2 ∼ 2 million, HIV-1 group M ∼75 million), the differences in pathogenicity between these two viruses has been a source of great interest, particularly the features of LTNPs that allow control of viral replication in the absence of anti-retroviral treatment. The studies described in this thesis were carried out using samples collected from a well-characterised longitudinal community cohort in Caió, Guinea-Bissau. Chapter 3 of this thesis presents an investigation into the variation and evolution present in the HIV-2 specific accessory gene vpx. The data showed significantly increased signals of positive selection pressure in vpx in viraemic when compared to non-viraemic patients and also allowed the identification of novel variations at high frequencies (up to 22%) in this cohort that were previously un-described. Chapters 4 and 5 present a novel application of shotgun RNA sequencing (RNA- Seq) to HIV ex vitro and ex vivo samples. Chapter 4 demonstrates the divergence seen in a cultured viral isolate at the level of the whole genome, in the absence of many of the biases typically involved in sequencing of RNA viruses. Chapter 5 further extends this method to show the applicability of using RNA-Seq on primary patient HIV samples for the first time. Analysis of diversity estimates over the whole genome in the context of a low bias sequencing method show a high level of diversity in HIV-2 pol and low diversity in vpx. The aim of this work was to combine traditional and novel sequencing methods to facilitate assessment of the variation and evolution acting on vpx and to generate an accurate picture of the genetic diversity over the whole genome of HIV-2.
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Mills, Ryan E. « Improving gene annotation of complete viral genomes ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25189.

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Wilson, Jamie Douglas Knox. « Oligoclonal expansions of T lymphocytes during viral infections ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299227.

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Mistry, Ajay Ramanlal. « Development of non-viral gene delivery systems based on HMG1 ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368705.

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Ma, Hok-tsun, et 馬學俊. « RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase activity of the infectious bursal diseasevirus viral protein 1 ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30408192.

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Upton, John H. « The role of RNA secondary structure in replication of Nodamura virus RNA2 ». To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Shi, Bu-Jun. « Expression and function of cucumoviral genomes ». Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5546.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 104-130. The aim of this thesis is to characterise subgenomic RNAs of cucumoviruses and the functions of their encoding genes. Strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are classified into two major subgroups (I and II) on the basis of nucleotide sequence homology. The V strain of tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) and a subgroup I CMV strain (WAII) are chosen to determine whether the 2b genes encoded by these viruses are expressed 'in vivo'. For further investigation of the 2b gene function, cDNA clones of three genomic RNAs of V-TAV are constructed. Using the infectious cDNA clones of V-TAV, a mutant virus containing only one of the two repeats is constructed.
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Song, Rujun. « Dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome : dimer maturation process and role of the 5' untranslated region in dimerization ». Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111918.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type I genome consists of two identical RNA molecules that are non-covalently linked to form a dimer. HIV-1 immature and mature genomic RNA (gRNA) dimers were found in protease defective (PR -) and wild type virions, respectively, and the 5'untranslated region (5' UTR) was shown to play key roles during the genome dimerization process; but the dimerization mechanism still remains to be clarified My research project is to characterize the dimerization process and the role of 5' UTR in genome dimerization in virions produced by tissue culture cells. I'll firstly show the dimer maturation processes of HIV-1 gRNA isolated from newly released to grown-up (≥10h old) wild type, PR-, and SL1 defective (DeltaIDS) virions respectively. The results showed that HIV-1 gRNA dimer maturation process was protease-dependent and involved multiple steps: from low to high dimerization level and dimer thermostability, and from low dimer mobility to intermediate and high mobility. PR- virions did not freeze gRNA conformation in the primordial nascent state and gRNA changed from monomeric in newly released virions to half dimeric in grown-up virions, which showed that genome was packaged in the form of monomeric RNA or fragile dimers, more thermolabile than immature dimers in grown-up PR- virions. DeltaDIS inhibited gRNA dimerization by about 50% in newly released virions, though grown-up DeltaDIS gRNA was fully dimeric, which indicated that the DIS played the initiation role in gRNA dimerization in HIV-1 virions. The gRNA dimerization rate in PR- or DeltaDIS virions was much slower than that in wild type virions. These results show for the first time the whole process of dimer maturation after virion release, the gRNA conformation rearrangement in PR- virions, and the initiation role of the DIS in HIV-1 virions. Next, I'll provide a rather systematic search for the contribution of different regions in 5' UTR to HIV-1 gRNA dimerization by studying selected mutations singly or together with defective SL1. The results showed that the 5'trans-activation response element (5'TAR) was directly involved in gRNA dimerization, and a long distance base-pairing interaction between a sequence in U5 region (nts105-1l5) and another around the initiation codon of the gag gene (nts334-344) was structurally contributive to gRNA dimerization. Deletions of sequences around the 3'end of Primer Binding Site (PBS) stem-loop moderately decreased gRNA dimerization level. Other sequences in 5' UTR except DIS/SL1, which was previously known to play important roles, didn't show any systematic role. Here the results suggested that the absence of inhibition on gRNA dimerization level with defective DIS might be the compensation of the direct role of 5'TAR; and wild type-like dimerization level of DeltaTAR must be the direct contribution of the DIS.
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Lai, King-yin, et 賴景然. « Discovery and complete genome sequence of a novel group of bat picornavirus ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44546026.

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Livres sur le sujet "Viral genetics":

1

Galos, Eli B. Viral gene expression regulation. New York : Nova Biomedical Books, 2010.

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Gerald, Myers, dir. Viral regulatory structures and their degeneracy. Reading, Mass : Addison-Wesley, 1998.

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1963-, Feng Zhi, et Long Ming, dir. Viral genomes : Diversity, properties, and parameters. Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Cameron, Craig E. Viral genome replication. New York, NY : Springer, 2009.

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Akhmatullina, N. B. Genetika virusov cheloveka i zhivotnykh. Alma-Ata : "Nauka" Kazakhskoĭ SSR, 1990.

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Leaf, Huang, Hung Mien-chie et Wagner Ernst 1960-, dir. Non-viral vectors for gene therapy. 2e éd. Amsterdam : Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.

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Bridgen, Anne. Reverse genetics of RNA viruses : Applications and perspectives. Chichester, West Sussex : John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Catalano, Carlos Enrique. Viral Genome Packaging Machines : Genetics, Structure, and Mechanism. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28521-0.

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M, Kyle Molly, dir. Resistance to viral diseases of vegetables : Genetics & breeding. Portland, Or : Timber Press, 1993.

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Yechiel, Becker, dir. Viral messenger RNA : Transcription, processing, splicing, and molecular structure. Boston : Nijhoff, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Viral genetics":

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Lowy, Douglas R. « Genetics of Retrovirus Tumorigenicity ». Dans Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis II, 132–40. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4958-0_16.

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Gardner, Aaron, Sarah Stauffer, Lindsay Petley-Ragan, Philip Wismer et Dewi Ayu Kencana Ungu. « Viral Gene Therapy ». Dans Labster Virtual Lab Experiments : Genetics of Human Diseases, 57–73. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58744-7_4.

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Birge, Edward A. « Fundamentals of Bacterial and Viral Genetics ». Dans Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics, 1–15. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2328-1_1.

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Birge, Edward A. « Fundamentals of Bacterial and Viral Genetics ». Dans Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics, 1–18. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3258-0_1.

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Wickner, R. B., H. Bussey, T. Fujimura et R. Esteban. « Viral RNA and the Killer Phenomenon of Saccharomyces ». Dans Genetics and Biotechnology, 211–26. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10364-7_13.

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Holmes, E. C., et A. J. Drummond. « The Evolutionary Genetics of Viral Emergence ». Dans Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 51–66. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_3.

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Catalano, Carlos Enrique. « Viral Genome Packaging Machines ». Dans Viral Genome Packaging Machines : Genetics, Structure, and Mechanism, 1–4. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28521-0_1.

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Kilbourne, Edwin D. « Influenza Virus Genetics, Viral Adaptation, and Evolution ». Dans Influenza, 111–54. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5239-6_6.

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Chapman, N., S. Tracy, A. Ramsingh, J. Romero, K. Curry, B. Shapiro, W. Barry, T. Chin et G. Hufnagel. « Coxsackievirus Genetics and the Cardiovirulent Viral Phenotype ». Dans The Role of Immune Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease, 27–34. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60463-8_3.

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Wands, Jack R., et Miran Kim. « Signaling Pathways in Viral Related Pre-neoplastic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma ». Dans Molecular Genetics of Liver Neoplasia, 103–27. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6082-5_6.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Viral genetics":

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« Influence of viral suppressor expression on the activity of molybdoenzymes ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-069.

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« The role of suppressor protein in acquired resistance to viral infection ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-193.

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« Antioxidant enzyme activities of plants under conditions of combined temperature and viral stress ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-010.

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« Expression of sheep pox viral A27L and L1R proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-023.

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Mukiibi, R., D. Robledo, C. Peñaloza, S. Ferraresso, R. Franch, D. Bertotto, M. Freguglia et al. « 573. A major QTL affects resistance to viral nervous necrosis in farmed European seabass ». Dans World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_573.

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Marii, Liliana, Larisa Andronic, Svetlana Smerea et Natalia Balasova. « Evaluarea rolului genotipului în răspunsul antioxidativ la tomatele infectate cu virusuri ». Dans VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.41.

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Studying the particularities of manifestation of defensive indicators – POX and PPO in case of in-fection with 2 types of viruses of different virus-host combinations (sensitive, tolerant, resistant) was per-formed in basis of analysis of variance. The obtained results denote a significant contribution of all ana-lyzed factors in the variability of PPO and POX indices, the major contribution returning to the genotype, followed by viral infection, the type of viral infection with a variable dose of contribution depending on the applied matrix. The PPO index expressed a higher specificity of the genotype response depending on the virus applied compared to POX. At the same time, it was found that TAV had a higher contribution in the variability of POX and PPO, compared to TMV.
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Салтанович, Татьяна, Людмила Анточ et А. Дончилэ. « Особенности мужского гаметофита томата в условиях вирусного патогенеза и водного дефицита ». Dans VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.25.

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On the example of F1 hybrid combinations and tomato varieties, the possibility of the assessing method for pollen selection on the responses of male gametophytes under conditions of viral pathogenesis and drought has been shown. It was found the action of factors on the pollen viability and on the rate of pollen tubes growth, leading to the manifestation of differential reactions. The viruses are the main sources of variability of the pollen functional traits, while the effect of water deficit and genotype are considerably weaker. Genotypes that combine the high viability of pollen with the ability to form longer pollen tubes under the complementary action of viruses and water deficit have been identified, suggesting the prospect of these genotypes using in further breeding studies.
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Stingaci, Aurelia, et Leonid Volosciuc. « Isolate locale ale baculovirului entomopatogenic ca o tehnologie de formulare inovatoare, care protejează biopesticidul din degradare a radiației ultraviolete ». Dans VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.91.

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This paper presents the conceptual conceptual vision a formulation technology for biopesticides in which the active ingredient (baculovirus) is an active coal. Importantly, this indgredient protects the sen-sitive viral DNA from degrading in sunlight, but dissolves in the alkaline insect gut to release the virus, which then infects and kills the pest. We show, using this ingredient, in both laboratory bioassays and field tests, that this can extend the efficacy of the biopesticide well beyond the few hours of existing virus formulations, potentially increasing the spray interval and reducing the need for high application rates. Are presented both theoretical foundations and practical applications and described the results oriented for implementation and functionality of organic agriculture in Republic of Moldova.
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Huang, Yan-Jang Scott. « Viral genetics as a critical factor to control the infection and dissemination of yellow fever virus inAedes aegypti ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95083.

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Alvarez, Alfonso E., Fernando A. L. Marson, Carmem S. Bertuzzo, Juliana C. S. Santiago, Emilio C. E. Baracat, Antonia T. Tresoldi, Mariana T. N. Romaneli et al. « Severe acute viral bronchiolitis : A genetic entity ». Dans ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa1597.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Viral genetics":

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Ehrlich, Marcelo, John S. Parker et Terence S. Dermody. Development of a Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics System for the Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses to Allow a Comparative Characterization of the Function of the NS3 Viroporin in Viral Egress. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699840.bard.

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Project Title: "Development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for the Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease viruses to allow comparative characterization of the function of the NS3 viroporin in viral egress". Project details: No - IS-4192-09; Participants – Ehrlich M. (Tel Aviv University), Parker J.S. (Cornell University), DermodyT.S. (Vanderbilt University); Period - 2009-2013. Orbiviruses are insect-borne infectious agents of ruminants that cause diseases with considerable economical impact in Israel and the United States. The recent outbreaks of BTV in Europe and of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) in Israel, underscore the need for: (i) a better comprehension of the infection process of orbiviruses, (ii) the identification of unique vs. common traits among different orbiviruses, (iii) the development of novel diagnosis and treatment techniques and approaches; all aimed at the achievement of more effective control and treatment measures. It is the context of these broad goals that the present project was carried out. To fulfill our long-term goal of identifying specific viral determinants of virulence, growth, and transmission of the orbiviruses, we proposed to: (i) develop reverse genetics systems for BTV and EHDV2-Ibaraki; and (ii) identify the molecular determinants of the NS3 nonstructural protein related to viroporin/viral egress activities. The first objective was pursued with a two-pronged approach: (i) development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for BTV-17, and (ii) development of an "in-vitro" transcription-based reverse genetics system for EHDV2-Ibaraki. Both approaches encountered technical problems that hampered their achievement. However, dissection of the possible causes of the failure to achieve viral spread of EHDV2-Ibaraki, following the transfection of in-vitro transcribed genomic segments of the virus, revealed a novel characteristic of EHDV2-Ibaraki infection: an uncharacteristically low fold increase in titer upon infection of different cell models. To address the function and regulation of NS3 we employed the following approaches: (i) development (together with Anima Cell Metrology) of a novel technique (based on the transfection of fluorescently-labeledtRNAs) that allows for the detection of the levels of synthesis of individual viral proteins (i.e. NS3) in single cells; (ii) development of a siRNA-mediated knockdown approach for the reduction in levels of expression of NS3 in EHDV2-Ibaraki infected cells; (iii) biochemical and microscopy-based analysis of the localization, levels and post-translational modifications of NS3 in infected cells. In addition, we identified the altered regulation and spatial compartmentalization of protein synthesis in cells infected with EHDV2-Ibaraki or the mammalian reovirus. In EHDV2-Ibaraki-infected cells such altered regulation in protein synthesis occurs in the context of a cell stress reponse that includes the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and activation of the stressrelated kinase c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Interestingly, inhibition of such stress-related cellular processes diminishes the production of infectious virions, suggesting that EHDV usurps these responses for the benefit of efficient infection. Taken together, while the present project fell short of the generation of novel reverse genetics systems for orbiviruses, the development of novel experimental approaches and techniques, and their employment in the analysis of EHDV-infected cells, yielded novel insights in the interactions of orbiviruses with mammalian cells.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller et Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, août 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff et Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.

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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.
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Shaw, George M. Genetic Variation of HIV : Viral Load and Genotypic Diversity in Relation to Viral Pathogenesis and Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246409.

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Cookmeyer, Donna M., et Steven A. Lommel. A Genetic Approach to the Identification of Plant Genes Involved in Viral Movement. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392689.

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David, Lior, Yaniv Palti, Moshe Kotler, Gideon Hulata et Eric M. Hallerman. Genetic Basis of Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 Resistance in Common Carp. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592645.bard.

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The goal of this project was to provide scientific and technical basis for initiating the development of breeding protocols using marker assisted selection for viral disease resistance in common carp. The specific objectives were: 1) Establishing families and characterizing the phenotypic and genetic variation of viral resistance; 2) Measuring the dynamics of immune response and developing a method to measure the long term immune memory; 3) Developing markers and generating a new genetic linkage map, which will enable initial QTL mapping; and, 4) Identifying genetic linkage of markers and candidate genes (like MHC and TLRs) with resistance to CyHV-3. The common carp is an important farmed freshwater fish species in the world. Edible carp is second only to tilapia in Israeli aquaculture production and ornamental carp (koi) is an important product in both the US and Israel. Carp industries worldwide have recently suffered enormous economic damage due to a viral disease caused by Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3). Aside from preventative measures, a sustainable solution to this problem will be to establish a genetic improvement program of the resistance of fish to the pathogen. The aims of the project was to take the necessary first steps towards that. The differences in survival rates after infection with CyHV-3 virus among 20 families from six types of crosses between three carp lines (two commercial lines and one wild-type carp) revealed that the wild-type carp and its crosses had a much-improved survival over the crosses of the commercial lines themselves. These crosses set the starting point for breeding of commercial strains with improved resistance. Resistant fish had lower antibody titer against the virus suggesting that resistance might depend more on the innate immunity. A set of 500 microsateliite markers was developed and the markers are currently being used for generating a genetic linkage map for carp and for identifying disease resistance QTL. Fourteen candidate immune genes, some of which were duplicated, were cloned from the carp and SNP markers were identified in them. The expression of these genes varied between tissues and suggested functional divergence of some duplicated genes. Initial association between CyHV-3 resistance and one of the genes was found when SNP alleles in these genes were tested for their segregation between susceptible and resistant progeny. The results of this project have implications to the development of viral resistant commercial carp strains and effective immunization against this aggressive disease. The genetic and immunological knowledge accumulated in this project will not only promote carp and koi production but will also contribute to a broader understanding of fish immunogenetics.
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Mawassi, Munir, et Valerian V. Dolja. Role of the viral AlkB homologs in RNA repair. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594396.bard.

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AlkB proteins that repair DNA via reversing methylation damage are conserved in a broad range of prokaryotes and eukaryotes including plants. Surprisingly, AlkB-domains were discovered in the genomes of numerous plant positive-strand RNA viruses, majority of which belong to the family Flexiviridae. The major goal of this research was to reveal the AlkB functions in the viral infection cycle using a range of complementary genetic and biochemical approaches. Our hypotheses was that AlkB is required for efficient replication and genetic stability of viral RNA genomes The major objectives of the research were to identify the functions of GVA AlkB domain throughout the virus infection cycle in N. benthamiana and grapevine, to investigate possible RNA silencing suppression activity of the viral AlkBs, and to characterize the RNA demethylation activity of the mutated GVA AlkBs in vitro and in vivo to determine methylation status of the viral RNA. Over the duration of project, we have made a very substantial progress with the first two objectives. Because of the extreme low titer of the virus particles in plants infected with the AlkB mutant viruses, we were unable to analyze RNA demethylation activity and therefore had to abandon third objective. The major achievements with our objectives were demonstration of the AlkB function in virus spread and accumulation in both experimental and natural hosts of GVA, discovery of the functional cooperation and physical interaction between AlkB and p10 AlkB in suppression of plant RNA silencing response, developing a powerful virus vector technology for grapevine using GLRaV-2-derived vectors for functional genomics and pathogen control in grapevine, and in addition we used massive parallel sequencing of siRNAs to conduct comparative analysis of the siRNA populations in grape plants infected with AlkB-containing GLRaV-3 versus GLRaV-2 that does not encode AlkB. This analysis revealed dramatically reduced levels of virus-specific siRNAs in plants infected with GLRaV-3 compared to that in GLRaV-2 infection implicating AlkB in suppression of siRNA formation. We are pleased to report that BARD funding resulted in 5 publications directly supported by BARD, one US patent, and 9 more publications also relevant to project. Moreover, two joint manuscripts that summarize work on GVA AlkB (led by Israeli PI) and on viral siRNAs in grapevine (led by US PI in collaboration with University of Basel) are in preparation.
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Zelcer, Aaron, et George Bates. Asymmetric hybridization in crop plants : studies on cellular and genetic mechanisms and transfer of viral resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604276.bard.

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Boddicker, Nick, Dorian J. Garrick, James M. Reecy, Bob Rowland, Max F. Rothschild, Juan Pedro Steibel, Joan K. Lunney et Jack C. M. Dekkers. Genetic Parameters and Chromosomal Regions Associated with Viral Load and Growth in Pigs Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-150.

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Perl-Treves, Rafael, M. Kyle et Esra Galun. Development and Application of a Molecular Genetic Map for Melon (Cucumis melo). United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568094.bard.

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This project has generated a systematic survey of DNA polymorphism in Cucumis melo. An RFLP and RAPD survey of the major cultivar groups and botanical varieties of this species has been conducted, with the purpose of assessing the degree of molecular variation and phylogenetic relationships within the melon germplasm and, at the same time, develop sets of markets suitable for mapping the melon genome. Additional activities regarding variation in the melon germplasm in fruit traits and regeneration ability have been initiated as well. The necessary populations required for the development of a molecular map of the C. melo genome have been prepared. An F2 that segregated for 4 viral resistances, powdery mildew resitance and sex type has been derived from a PI 414723 x Topmark cross, and a RILs population has been prepared from it. We have confirmed the resistances in the population and have analyzed the genetic relationships between these resistances. Progress toward the construction of a molecular map of C. melo and the development of markers linked to those traits is described. We have so far screened the first few tens of markers in the F2 population, and many additional ones were screened in DNA bulks prepared from such population.

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