Bibliographies thématiques / Vinyl polymerization

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Vinyl polymerization »

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Publié le 18 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Vinyl polymerization"

1

Zhang, Jinghan, Yibo Wu, Kaixuan Chen, Min Zhang, Liangfa Gong, Dan Yang, Shuxin Li et Wenli Guo. « Characteristics and Mechanism of Vinyl Ether Cationic Polymerization in Aqueous Media Initiated by Alcohol/B(C6F5)3/Et2O ». Polymers 11, no 3 (14 mars 2019) : 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030500.

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Aqueous cationic polymerizations of vinyl ethers (isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE), and n-butyl vinyl ether (n-BVE)) were performed for the first time by a CumOH/B(C6F5)3/Et2O initiating system in an air atmosphere. The polymerization proceeded in a reproducible manner through the careful design of experimental conditions (adding initiator, co-solvents, and surfactant or decreasing the reaction temperature), and the polymerization characteristics were systematically tested and compared in the suspension and emulsion. The significant difference with traditional cationic polymerization is that the polymerization rate in aqueous media using B(C6F5)3/Et2O as a co-initiator decreases when the temperature is lowered. The polymerization sites are located on the monomer/water surface. Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to investigate the competition between H2O and alcohol combined with B(C6F5)3 for providing a theoretical basis. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism for the aqueous cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers using CumOH/B(C6F5)3/Et2O was confirmed.
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Reddy, Sirish K., Neil B. Cramer, Michael Kalvaitas, Tai Yeon Lee et Christopher N. Bowman. « Mechanistic Modelling and Network Properties of Ternary Thiol - Vinyl Photopolymerizations ». Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no 8 (2006) : 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06193.

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Ternary thiol–vinyl polymerizations offer a unique platform for improved control over polymerization kinetics and network properties as compared to both binary thiol–vinyl systems and traditional (meth)acrylic systems. Therefore, this study seeks to improve the fundamental understanding of the complex ternary thiol–vinyl systems to enable enhanced control over polymerization kinetics, network evolution, and, ultimately, network properties. The polymerization kinetics and material properties afforded by thiol–triazine–methacrylate systems are investigated. The ternary kinetics are successfully predicted by understanding the reaction mechanisms of the corresponding binary components. In ternary thiol–ene–(meth)acrylate systems, the variation in stoichiometric ratios of thiol and ene does not significantly impact material properties as in thiol–ene- or thiol–(meth)acrylate systems. Further, the ternary systems also provide unique polymer properties such as high glass transition temperature with narrow transition widths.
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Dayter, Lily A., Kate A. Murphy et Devon A. Shipp. « RAFT Polymerization of Monomers with Highly Disparate Reactivities : Use of a Single RAFT Agent and the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-block-vinyl acetate) ». Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no 12 (2013) : 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13375.

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A single reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, malonate N,N-diphenyldithiocarbamate (MDP-DTC) is shown to successfully mediate the polymerization of several monomers with greatly differing reactivities in radical/RAFT polymerizations, including both vinyl acetate and styrene. The chain transfer constants (Ctr) for MDP-DTC for both these monomers were evaluated; these were found to be ~2.7 in styrene and ~26 in vinyl acetate, indicating moderate control over styrene polymerization and good control of vinyl acetate polymerization. In particular, the MDP-DTC RAFT agent allowed for the synthesis of block copolymers of these two monomers without the need for protonation/deprotonation switching, as has been previously developed with N-(4-pyridinyl)-N-methyldithiocarbamate RAFT agents, or other end-group transformations. The thermal properties of the block copolymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, and those with sufficiently high molecular weight and styrene composition appear to undergo phase separation. Thus, MDP-DTC may be useful for the production of other block copolymers consisting of monomers with highly dissimilar reactivities.
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Satoh, Kotaro, et Masami Kamigaito. « Sequence-Controlled Vinyl Polymers by Transition Metal-Catalyzed Step-Growth and Living Radical Polymerizations ». MRS Proceedings 1613 (2014) : 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.153.

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ABSTRACTThe metal-catalyzed step-growth radical polymerization was achieved to enable two systems for preparing tailored polymeric structures, i.e., sequence-regulated vinyl copolymer and periodically-functionalized polymer. The former is a novel strategy for preparing sequence-regulated vinyl copolymers by step-polymerization of sequence-regulated vinyl oligomers prepared from common vinyl monomers as building blocks. The later deals the simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical polymerization, which resulted in the polymers with periodic functional groups.
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Schlappa, Stephanie, Lee Josephine Brenker, Lena Bressel, Roland Hass et Marvin Münzberg. « Process Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions Applying Inline Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy at High Solid Contents ». Polymers 13, no 4 (23 février 2021) : 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040669.

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The high solids semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of polyvinyl acetate using poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) as protective colloid is investigated by optical spectroscopy. The suitability of Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy as inline Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for emulsion polymerization processes at high solid contents (>40% (w/w)) is studied and evaluated. Inline data on absorption and scattering in the dispersion is obtained in real-time. The radical polymerization of vinyl acetate to polyvinyl acetate using ascorbic acid and sodium persulfate as redox initiator system and poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) as protective colloid is investigated. Starved–feed radical emulsion polymerization yielded particle sizes in the nanometer size regime. PDW spectroscopy is used to monitor the progress of polymerization by studying the absorption and scattering properties during the synthesis of dispersions with increasing monomer amount and correspondingly decreasing feed rate of protective colloid. Results are compared to particle sizes determined with offline dynamic light scattering (DLS) and static light scattering (SLS) during the synthesis.
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Kumakura, Minoru, et Isao Kaetsu. « Radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system ». Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no 6 (1988) : 1242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19881242.

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Radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system at low temperature was studied. The polymerization rate-irradiation temperature curve had a maximum peak at near glass transition temperaure, and it was shifted to the site of high temperature with increasing monomer concentration. The polymerization rate in vinyl pyrrolidone at low temperatures was accelerated by the addition of water. The polymers obtained by radiation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl pyrrolidone-water system at low temperatures were a high hydrophilicity and had porous structure.
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Wang, Di, Zhen Yu Cao et Qi Wang. « Study of Copolymerization Mechanism between Vinyl-POSS and Citronellal with Quantum Chemistry Program Based on DFT ». Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (décembre 2011) : 1498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1498.

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Conventional pesticide applications repeatedly failed to adequately control mosquito and sandfly populations in desert areas, due to effects of intense heat, blowing sand, ultraviolet light and/or combinations of them under severe environmental conditions. The citronellal was copolymerized with vinyl-POSS to enhance the resistant to ultraviolet radiation and thermal stability. The polymerization process between vinyl-POSS and citronellal were simulated by using Dmol3 program of MS software based on DFT. The calculation results showed that the double bonds in vinyl-POSS were initiated easily by phenyl radical, at the same time some double bonds in citronellal were also initiated. After the initiation process, the copolymerization between vinyl-POSS initiated by phenyl radical and citronellal was firstly processed. When the double bonds in vinyl-POSS were run out, the self-polymerizations of citronellal were processed.
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IHARA, Eiji. « Challenge to Vinyl Polymerization ». Kobunshi 56, no 1 (2007) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.56.34.

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Sawamoto, Mitsuo. « Modern cationic vinyl polymerization ». Progress in Polymer Science 16, no 1 (janvier 1991) : 111–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6700(91)90008-9.

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Olaj, Oskar Friedrich. « Electrolytically initiated vinyl polymerization ». Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 8, no 1 (mars 1987) : 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19870080119.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Vinyl polymerization"

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Dorobantu, Ioana-Miruna. « Vinyl chloride polymerization in microdroplet reactor ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0037/document.

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La polymérisation du chlorure de vinyle est une réaction très fréquente dans l’industrie des polymères, conduisant à l’obtention d’un matériau plastique très commun, connu sous le nom de PVC (polychlorure de vinyle). Ses applications concernent principalement l’industrie des constructions néanmoins d’autres domaines sont également touchés. La complexité de ce procédé de polymérisation est due à la nature toxique du monomère, à la maitrise du transfert de chaleur ou au maintien de l’agitation. Le control de ces variables de procédé influence de manière directe les caractéristiques finales du produit. Même si la polymérisation en suspension du chlorure de vinyle a été largement étudiée dans des réacteurs de type batch, il y a un manque de données au niveau de la cinétique et de la physicochimie d’une goutte de monomère pendant la réaction. L’objectif de ces travaux est de proposer un dispositif microstructuré permettant d’obtenir des gouttes monodisperses ayant un diamètre de 200 µm environ, chacune étant considérée comme un réacteur de polymérisation. Une fois identifiés les verrous liés au système eau/chlorure de vinyle en microréacteur, la réaction de polymérisation a été décrite de manière qualitative par visualisation des gouttes/grains de polymère. Des mesures Raman non-invasives en temps réel ont été réalisées sur une goutte immobile de chlorure de vinyle, cela permettant d’accéder aux valeurs des constantes cinétiques. Un modèle théorique en bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux a été proposé afin de simuler le degré de conversion de la réaction. Les caractéristiques morphologiques des grains de PVC obtenus en microréacteur présentent des particularités intéressantes en termes d’agglomération des particules primaires ou porosité
Vinyl chloride suspension polymerization is a common reaction in polymer industry allowing to obtain one of the world wide most used plastics, known as PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Its applications involve mostly the construction industry but other domains are also concerned. This polymerization process is highly complex due to the toxic nature of the monomer, the good manage of heat transfer and agitation. The control of these process variables directly impacts the characteristics of the final product. Even though the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride has been extensively studied in batch reactors, there is a lack of data regarding the kinetics or the physicochemistry of a single monomer droplet during the reactions. The aim of this present work is to propose a microstructured device which enables obtaining monodisperse droplets within 200 µm in diameter, each one being considered as a polymerization reactor. After a good acknowledgement of the vinyl chloride/water system in microchannel the polymerization reaction was qualitatively described by means of droplet/polymer grain visualization. Real-time non-invasive Raman measurement has been performed on stationary vinyl chloride monomer droplets and has provided values of kinetic constants. A theoretical model was proposed, simulating the reaction conversion in good agreement with the experimental values. The morphologic characteristics of the PVC grains obtained in microreactor presented interesting features in terms of primary particle agglomeration or porosity
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De, Bruyn Hank. « The Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/381.

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Abstract This work investigates the kinetics of the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. Several aspects of this system have been clarified, including the induced decomposition of persulfate, retardation by oxygen and entry by, and analysis of, the aqueous phase oligomeric radicals. It has been shown that the retardation period observed in the emulsion polymerization of VAc can be explained by the effect of traces of oxygen (< 10-6 M) on the entry efficiency of the initiator-derived aqueous-phase oligomeric radicals. Comparison of rates of polymerization in V and persulfate -initiated polymerizations together with electrospray mass spectrometry of aqueous phase oligomers, has shown that the mechanism for the induced decomposition of persulfate by vinyl acetate is chain transfer to initiator from aqueous-phase oligomeric radicals. A value has been determined for the rate coefficient for transfer to initiator, by fitting literature data to a model based on this mechanism. The reported independence of the rate of polymerization from the monomer concentration in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate has been investigated. Possible explanations for this behaviour have been proposed and tested in this work, by measuring radical-loss rates directly with y-relaxation techniques. Although the Y relaxations were found to be affected by experimental artefacts, it has been demonstrated that rapid exit is not responsible for the high radical-loss rates in this system. The major artefact identified in the y relaxations was the significant effect of relatively small exotherms on relaxation behaviour, Methodologies were developed for correcting affected data and for avoiding exotherms under certain conditions. Arrhenius parameters were determined for the rate coefficient for chain transfer to monomer using the In^M method, which utilises the whole MWD. This section of the work is incomplete, for reasons detailed in chapter 5. However, as a preliminary indication it was found that the frequency factor was 106.38 M-1 s-1 and the activation energy was 38.8 kJ mol-1.
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De, Bruyn Hank. « The Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate ». University of Sydney, Chemistry, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/381.

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Abstract This work investigates the kinetics of the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. Several aspects of this system have been clarified, including the induced decomposition of persulfate, retardation by oxygen and entry by, and analysis of, the aqueous phase oligomeric radicals. It has been shown that the retardation period observed in the emulsion polymerization of VAc can be explained by the effect of traces of oxygen (< 10-6 M) on the entry efficiency of the initiator-derived aqueous-phase oligomeric radicals. Comparison of rates of polymerization in V and persulfate -initiated polymerizations together with electrospray mass spectrometry of aqueous phase oligomers, has shown that the mechanism for the induced decomposition of persulfate by vinyl acetate is chain transfer to initiator from aqueous-phase oligomeric radicals. A value has been determined for the rate coefficient for transfer to initiator, by fitting literature data to a model based on this mechanism. The reported independence of the rate of polymerization from the monomer concentration in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate has been investigated. Possible explanations for this behaviour have been proposed and tested in this work, by measuring radical-loss rates directly with y-relaxation techniques. Although the Y relaxations were found to be affected by experimental artefacts, it has been demonstrated that rapid exit is not responsible for the high radical-loss rates in this system. The major artefact identified in the y relaxations was the significant effect of relatively small exotherms on relaxation behaviour, Methodologies were developed for correcting affected data and for avoiding exotherms under certain conditions. Arrhenius parameters were determined for the rate coefficient for chain transfer to monomer using the In^M method, which utilises the whole MWD. This section of the work is incomplete, for reasons detailed in chapter 5. However, as a preliminary indication it was found that the frequency factor was 106.38 M-1 s-1 and the activation energy was 38.8 kJ mol-1.
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Vale, Hugo. « Population Balance Modeling of Emulsion Polymerization Reactors : applications to Vinyl Chloride Polymerization ». Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10034.

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This thesis is a contribution to the development of population balance models of emulsion polymerization and, more particularly, to the modeling of particle formation and particle size distribution (PSD) in vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization. The rst part of the work is dedicated to the acquisition of experimental data. Ab initio polymerizations were done to obtain reliable data regarding the dependence of the particle number on the concentration of surfactant, as well as to analyze the effect of the initiator concentration, stirring rate, and monomer-to-water ratio upon the particle number and the polymerization kinetics. In addition, seeded polymerizations were carried out at different concentrations of seed latex and emulsifier in order to quantify the influence of these factors on the onset and extent of secondary particle formation. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of SDS and SDBS on poly (vinyl chloride) latex particles were determined. The second part of the manuscript focuses on the development of the population balance model. A special feature of the model proposed in this work is the computation of the coupled radical number and particle size distributions by the zero-one-two population balance equations. Overall, the examples presented show that the model can capture the tendencies observed in the polymerizations with physically reasonable values of the unknown/ adjustable parameters. With respect to particle formation, it was seen that including the possibility of particle nucleation (homogeneous and micellar) by exited radicals helps to explain the high particle numbers observed and the fact that the initiator concentration has a negligible effect on the particle number. Moreover, it was demonstrated that particle coagulation must be taken into account in order to obtain plausible PSDs and to avoid the use of abnormally low values of the efficiency of radical entry into micelles. In the third and last part, two novel numerical methods for the solution of population balances of interest to emulsion polymerization systems are presented and discussed
Cette thèse est une contribution au développement de modèles mécanistiques de la polymérisation en émulsion et, plus particulièrement, une contribution à la modélisation de la formation des particules et de leur distribution de taille (DTP) lors de la polymérisation en émulsion du chlorure de vinyle. La première partie de l'étude est consacrée à l'obtention de données expérimentales. Des polymérisations ab initio ont été réalisées afin d'obtenir des données fiables sur l'effet de la concentration de tensioactif, concentration d'initiateur, vitesse d'agitation et rapport monomère/eau sur le nombre de particules formées et sur la cinétique de polymérisation. Des polymérisations ensemencées ont également été réalisées afin de déterminer l'influence de la quantité de semence et de la concentration de tensioactif sur la formation de particules par nucléation secondaire. Enfin, les isothermes d'adsorption du SDS et du SDBS sur des particules de latex de poly (chlorure de vinyle) ont été déterminées. La deuxième partie de l'étude concerne le développement et la validation du modèle de polymérisation. Celui-ci à la particularité d'utiliser les bilans de population propres aux systèmes ‘zéro-un-deux' pour déterminer la distribution jointe du nombre de radicaux et de la taille des particules. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats obtenus montrent que le modèle proposé est capable de décrire les principaux comportements retrouvés lors des polymérisations avec des valeurs physiquement plausibles des paramètres inconnus ou ajustables. Pour ce qui concerne la formation des particules, il s'avère que la prise en compte de la possibilité de nucléation (homogène ou micellaire) par les radicaux désorbés aide à expliquer les valeurs élevées du nombre de particules ainsi que l'effet négligeable de la concentration d'initiateur sur le nombre de particules. En autre, il est démontré que le phénomène d'agrégation des particules doit être pris en considération afin d'obtenir des DTPs cohérentes. Dans la troisième et dernière partie, deux nouvelles méthodes numériques pour la résolution de bilans de population d'intérêt pour la modélisation des systèmes de polymérisation en émulsion sont proposées et analysées
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Morin, Aurélie. « Controlled radical polymerization of vinyl esters and vinyl amides : experimental and theoretical studies ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0117/document.

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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée (PRC) des esters et amides de vinyle. L’une des possibilités de contrôle est le piégeage dynamique réversible des chaînes radicalaires croissantes (P•) par un agent de contrôle (T) formant une espèce dormante (P─T’). La concentration en radicaux dans le milieu peut alors diminuer dramatiquement de sorte que les réactions indésirables de terminaisons soient négligeables et que le contrôle de la masse molaire des polymères soit atteint avec un faible indice de dispersité. L’utilisation de complexes métalliques, pouvant s’oxider et former une liaison métal-carbone, comme agent de piégeage des radicaux est une manière de réaliser ce contrôle. La PRC est alors appelée Polymérisation Radicalaire Contrôlée par voie Organométallique (OMRP). A ce jour, plusieurs métaux de transitions ont été utilisés avec plus ou moins de succès en OMRP. Lors de cette étude, nous avons synthétisé des complexes de cuivre(I) et testé leurs performances pour l’OMRP de l’acétate de vinyle et de l’éthylène. Nous avons également utilisé des outils de chimie théorique pour mieux comprendre pourquoi le cobalt(II) acétylacétonate est, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, le meilleur agent de contrôle pour la polymérisation de l’acétate de vinyle et des amides de vinyle. Grâce à la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité (DFT), nous avons mis en lumière le rôle crucial de la coordination sur le cobalt des groupements carbonyles des monomères étudiés
This thesis focus on Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP) of vinyl esters and vinyl amides. One of the possibilities to achieve this control is a dynamic reversible trapping of the growing radical chains (P•) by a controlling agent (T) to form a dormant species (P─T’). The radical concentration in the medium can be dramatically reduced so that the unwanted terminations are disfavored and polymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersity can be obtained. A way to achieve this control is the use of metallic complexes, which can oxidize and form a metal-carbon bond, as trapping agent in the so-called Organometallic Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP). So far, different transition metals have been used with gretaer or smaller success. In this study, the synthesis of copper(I) complexes and their investigation for the vinyl acetate and ethylene polymerization under OMRP conditions were performed. We also used computational chemistry as a tool to better understand why the cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)2) has, so far, given the best results for either vinyl acetate or vinyl amides polymerization. Thanks to Density Functional Theory (DFT), the crucial role of the monomer carbonyl group coordination to cobalt was pointed out
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Altinsoy, Sule. « Polymerization And Characterization Of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone ». Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611238/index.pdf.

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N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, NVP, was polymerized by &
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-radiation in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and under vacuum at different periods. Polymerization also conducted by using chemical initiator, &
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-Azoisobutyronitrile, AIBN, in bulk at different temperatures and times. The activation energy for polymerization was found from Arrhenius plot as 31,8 kJ/mol. By using the Fox-Flory equation T&
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and k values calculated for each polymerization methods. The polymer obtained was white gel type. The different types of polymer obtained were investigated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, DSC, TGA and viscosity measurement methods. According to the FT-IR and NMR results, the polymerizations proceeded via vinyl group. As expected, solution viscosity measurements and DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature of polymer increases with increasing molecular weight.
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Mishima, Eri. « Organoheteroatom-Mediated Living Vinyl Polymerization under Acidic Condition ». 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157613.

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Scholten, Marc Davis. « Strategies for the controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers / ». May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Cho, Chang Gi. « Controlled polymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers via 'covalent' propagating species ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53930.

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The study of the polymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers initiated by HI/I₂ catalyst is directed into two areas: the kinetics of the polymerization and the strategy of amine functionalized prepolymer synthesis. The polymerization reactions show living behavior in nonpolar solvents at low temperatures. The observed rate of polymerization under reaction conditions is linearly dependent on the initial concentration of hydrogen iodide and iodine, respectively. However, the monomer concentration does not influence the rate of polymerization(apparent zero-order). Two possible reaction schemes are proposed from the observed rate equation and attempts are made to distinguish them by using UV/visible spectroscopy and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. In both schemes a reversible interaction between a monomer and an iodine molecule is postulated as a necessary elemental reaction to fit the observed expression for the rate of polymerization. From spectroscopic analysis results, the interaction between the iodide compound(chain end) and the iodine molecule seems to be very weak compared to the interaction between the monomer and the iodine molecule. A synthetic strategy for amine functionalized prepolymer synthesis has been developed via a series of model reactions. Incorporation of a styrenic monomer at the propagating chain end of living poly(alkyl vinyl ethers) provides a convenient intermediate synthesis of a relatively stable amine functionalized prepolymer. Proper selection of substituents at the styrenic monomer optimizes the cross addition reaction and amination reactions. Linear alkylamines with lower carbon numbers are used in the amination reaction in order to promote the nucleophilic substitution reaction and to minimize possible elimination reactions. A series of amine functionalized oligomers are synthesized by employing the synthetic strategy in combination with the previous kinetic result of the homopolymerization. For oligomers, incorporation of a few units of ethyl vinyl ethers at the chain end facilitates the cross addition reaction. Synthesized amines are characterized by various spectroscopic methods. Then, titrated molecular weights show good agreement with their theoretical molecular weights in several cases.
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Holt, J. M. « Studies on the formation of water soluble vinyl polymers ». Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378968.

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Livres sur le sujet "Vinyl polymerization"

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1952-, Yagci Yusuf, dir. Handbook of radical vinyl polymerization. New York : Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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Vinyl acetate emulsion polymerization and copolymerization with acrylic monomers. Boca Raton, Fla : CRC Press, 2000.

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3

K, Mishra Munmaya, Yagci Yusuf 1952- et Mishra Munmaya K, dir. Handbook of vinyl polymers : Radical polymerization, process, and technology. 2e éd. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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4

Minsker, K. S. Degradation and stabilization of vinyl-chloridebased polymers. Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1988.

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Minsker, K. S. Degradation and stabilization of vinyl chloride-based polymers. Oxford : Pergamon, 1988.

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6

T, Bhatt Ramakrishna, et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. The effect of polymer char on nitridation kinetics of silicon. [Washington, DC] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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T, Bhatt Ramakrishna, et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. The effect of polymer char on nitridation kinetics of silicon. [Washington, DC] : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate. Springer, 2012.

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El-Aasser, Mohamed S. Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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El-Aasser, Mohamed S. Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate. Springer, 2012.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Vinyl polymerization"

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Mori, Hideharu, Axel H. E. Müller et Peter F. W. Simon. « Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization ». Dans Hyperbranched Polymers, 139–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470929001.ch5.

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Ishizone, Takashi, Yuki Kosaka et Raita Goseki. « Anionic Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers : Vinylpyridines, (Meth)acrylates, (Meth)acrylamides, (Meth)acrylonitrile, Phenyl Vinyl Sulfoxide, Benzofulvene, and Other Monomers ». Dans Anionic Polymerization, 127–89. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54186-8_4.

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Hollmann, Frank. « Enzymatic Polymerization of Vinyl Polymers ». Dans Biocatalysis in Polymer Chemistry, 143–63. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632534.ch6.

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Mathers, Robert T., Andrew J. D. Magenau, Kristin Schröder et Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. « Overview of Controlled/Living polymerization Methods of Vinyl Monomers ». Dans Monitoring Polymerization Reactions, 29–44. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118733813.ch2.

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Fontanille, Michel, et Yves Gnanou. « Anionic Polymerization of Vinyl and Related Monomers ». Dans Macromolecular Engineering, 7–55. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631421.ch2.

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Tanaka, Ryo, et Takeshi Shiono. « Coordination Polymerization (Styrene and Polar Vinyl Monomers) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–7. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_180-1.

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Abreu, Carlos M. R., Ana C. Fonseca, Nuno M. P. Rocha, James T. Guthrie, Arménio C. Serra et Jorge F. J. Coelho. « Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride ». Dans ACS Symposium Series, 227–61. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1284.ch010.

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Tang, Huadong, Maciej Radosz et Youqing Shen. « Controlled/"Living" Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate ». Dans ACS Symposium Series, 139–57. Washington DC : American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1023.ch010.

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Okamoto, Yoshio, Kazunobu Yamada et Tamaki Nakano. « Stereochemistry in Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Esters ». Dans ACS Symposium Series, 57–67. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0768.ch004.

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Tanaka, Ryo, et Takeshi Shiono. « Coordination Polymerization (Styrene and Polar Vinyl Monomers) ». Dans Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 474–80. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_180.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Vinyl polymerization"

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Jing, Yang, Zeng Hui et Huang Jiangping. « Vinyl Acetate Polymerization Rate Prediction Based on FOA GNN ». Dans 2014 Ninth International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (3PGCIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3pgcic.2014.61.

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Jiangping Huang, Zhig et Huihui Tao. « A support vector machines for the polymerization rate of vinyl acetate ». Dans 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2010.5554278.

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Bermesheva, Evgeniya, Alyona Wozniak, Gleb Karpov, Alena Zudina, Gleb Chesnokov, Pavel Gribanov, Maxim Topchiy, Andrey F. Asachenko, Mikhail Nechaev et Maxim Bermeshev. « Addition polymerization of 5-vinyl-2-norbornene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene ». Dans 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES” : From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045946.

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Diao, Cuimei, et Yingquan Zou. « Photoinitiated polymerization of new hybrid monomer containing vinyl ether and (methyl) acryloyl groups ». Dans SPIE Advanced Lithography, sous la direction de Robert D. Allen et Mark H. Somervell. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.879382.

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Li, Wei, et Ying Quan Zou. « Synthesize and polymerization of novel photocurable vinyl ether monomers containing perfluorinated aromatic units ». Dans SPIE Advanced Lithography, sous la direction de Mark H. Somervell et Thomas I. Wallow. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.916674.

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Huang, Jiangping, Huihui Tao et Zhigao Zhu. « Soft-Sensing Modeling Method of Vinyl Acetate Polymerization Rate Based on BP Neural Network ». Dans 2010 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2010.326.

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Kovalenko, Yulia F., et Ekaterina A. Shulaeva. « Mathematical methods of modeling of polymerizer reactor for the process of polymerization of vinyl chloride ». Dans PROCEEDINGS OF THE II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES : (CAMSTech-II 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092460.

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Hwang, Ho-Sang, Bum-Kyoung Seo et Kune-Woo Lee. « Strippable Core-Shell Polymer Emulsion for Decontamination of Radioactive Surface Contamination ». Dans ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40193.

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In this study, the core-shell composite polymer for decontamination from the surface contamination was synthesized by the method of emulsion polymerization and blends of polymers. The strippable polymer emulsion is composed of the poly(styrene-ethyl acrylate) [poly(St-EA)] composite polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The morphology of the poly(St-EA) composite emulsion particle was core-shell structure, with polystyrene (PS) as the core and poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) as the shell. Core-shell polymers of styrene (St)/ethyl acrylate (EA) pair were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an emulsifier using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. Related tests and analysis confirmed the success in synthesis of composite polymer. The products are characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA that were used, respectively, to show the structure, the thermal stability of the prepared polymer. Two-phase particles with a core-shell structure were obtained in experiments where the estimated glass transition temperature and the morphologies of emulsion particles. Decontamination factors of the strippable polymeric emulsion were evaluated with the polymer blend contents.
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Al-Alawi, Saeed S. « Effect of temperature on the rate of polymerization of 4-vinyl pyrrolidone in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) in nonaqueous medium by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ». Dans Luebeck - DL tentative, sous la direction de Herbert M. Heise, Ernst H. Korte et Heinz W. Siesler. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.56450.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Vinyl polymerization"

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Percec, Virgil, Myongsoo Lee et C. Ackerman. Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystalline Polymers by Living Polymerization. 9. Living Cationic Polymerization of 5-((4-Cyano-4'-Biphenyl) oxy)pentyl Vinyl Ethers and 7-((4-Cyano-4'-Biphenyl)oxy)heptyl Vinyl Ether, and the Mesomorphic Behavior of the Resulting Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, octobre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229769.

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Percec, V., Q. Zheng et M. Lee. Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystal Polymers by Living Polymerization. 13. Synthesis and Living Cationic Polymerization of 4-((S(-)-2- Methyl-1-Butyl)Oxycarbonyl)-4'-(omega-Oxyalkyl-1-Vinyl Ether)Biphenyl with Undecanyl and Hexyl Alkyl Groups. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235791.

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Perce, Virgil, Myongsoo Lee et Dimitris Tomazos. Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystalline Polymers by Living Cationic Polymerization. 21. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(3-((4-Cyano-4'- Biphenyl)oxy)propyl Vinyl Ether) Macromonomers. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248305.

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