Articles de revues : « Vineyard sustainability »

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Verdugo-Vásquez, Nicolás, Emilio Villalobos-Soublett, Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa et Miguel Araya-Alman. « Spatial Variability of Production and Quality in Table Grapes ‘Flame Seedless’ Growing on a Flat Terrain and Slope Site ». Horticulturae 7, n^o 8 (19 août 2021) : 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080254.

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(1) Background: Precision agriculture has been used mostly to study spatial variability in vineyards for winemaking. Nevertheless, there is little available information on the impacts of its use on table grape vineyards under different slope conditions. (2) Methods: The aim was to study the spatial variability of production and berry quality in ‘Flame Seedless’ vines established on a flat (3% slope) and sloping (23% slope) terrain in the Chilean hyper-arid northern region. (3) Results: The results showed that in both vineyards, the measured variables presented a high spatial variability according to their coefficient of variation, being higher in slope than in the flat vineyard. The geostatistical analysis showed that 82% of the measured variables presented a strong spatial dependence in the slope vineyard, whereas 45% and 55% of the variables measured in the flat vineyard presented strong and moderate spatial dependence, respectively. Elevation was related to berry quality parameters in both vineyards, while trunk vine circumference was related to berry quality for the slope vineyard and to yield for the flat vineyard. (4) Conclusions: There is an important spatial variability in table grape vineyards mostly those cultivated on slope sites. Therefore, precision agriculture tools can be useful for zoning table grape vineyards, and thus improving both economic returns of viticulturists and sustainability.

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Sportelli, Mino, Christian Frasconi, Marco Fontanelli, Michel Pirchio, Michele Raffaelli, Simone Magni, Lisa Caturegli, Marco Volterrani, Marco Mainardi et Andrea Peruzzi. « Autonomous Mowing and Complete Floor Cover for Weed Control in Vineyards ». Agronomy 11, n^o 3 (12 mars 2021) : 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030538.

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Enhancing vineyards sustainability and reducing herbicides usage is a crucial theme, thus alternative weed management methods are starting to be studied. Cover crops have been shown to provide for several environmental services such as performing an efficient weed control and promoting biodiversity, thus improving the sustainability of the overall management system. However, the use of cover crops is usually confined to the interrow area in order to avoid competition with vines. Under-trellis weed management in vineyards is an important challenge, conventionally fulfilled by cultivation or repeated herbicides applications. Autonomous mowers are small autonomous machines that have shown a great efficiency when employed in agricultural contexts. Due to their reduced size, they can easily prevent the excessive vertical growth of weeds both in the interrows and under trellis without the use of chemical applications. The aim of this trial was to evaluate if the combination of cover crop species and autonomous mowers management could improve vineyard sustainability. Vineyard floor cover that was managed with an autonomous mower had a shorter canopy height and a lower weed dry biomass compared to the conventionally managed vineyard floor cover. Vineyard floor management providing cover crops and autonomous mowing had a significantly lower weed cover percentage compared to conventional floor management, especially under-trellis. The results of this trial suggest that the combination of cover crops and autonomous mowers may be a sustainable and reliable technique to include in vineyards floor management.

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Wightwick, Adam, Mahabubur Mollah, Jennifer Smith et Alison MacGregor. « Sampling considerations for surveying copper concentrations in Australian vineyard soils ». Soil Research 44, n^o 7 (2006) : 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05135.

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The Australian wine industry has funded a study to determine the concentrations of copper in vineyard soils and to assess whether the continued use of copper-based fungicides is likely to be detrimental to the long-term agricultural sustainability of vineyard soils. Prior to the conduct of regional surveys to determine copper concentrations in vineyard soils, a preliminary study was conducted in 6 vineyards near Mildura (34°S, 142°E) (north-western Vic., Australia) to determine sampling considerations. The study investigated the distribution of copper in the soils of vineyards with 3 different histories of copper-based fungicide use: <5 years old; at least 30 years old during which time the vineyard had been ploughed and replanted; and at least 60 years old. At 3 locations in each vineyard, soil samples were collected from 2 depths (0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m) at 0.30-m intervals along two 1.50-m-long transects running at right angles in opposite directions from the vine trunk towards the inter-row areas. The results showed that copper concentrations were higher in the top 0.15 m of soil (P < 0.001) and declined with distance from the vine (P = 0.002). The variation in copper concentrations between vineyards was found to be much greater than the variation within vineyards (variance component of 0.7746 and 0.0893, respectively). Balancing an acceptable level of error with the resources required to collect samples, we recommend obtaining 1 composite soil sample from each vineyard in regional surveys to determine copper concentrations in vineyard soils. Sampling depth and distance from the vine should also be taken into consideration in future soil sampling depending on the objective of the study.

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Zambon, Ilaria, Artemi Cerdà, Sirio Cividino et Luca Salvati. « The (Evolving) Vineyard’s Age Structure in the Valencian Community, Spain : A New Demographic Approach for Rural Development and Landscape Analysis ». Agriculture 9, n^o 3 (20 mars 2019) : 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9030059.

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Vineyards have assumed a key role as rural landmarks in recent decades. Investigating vineyard dynamics and contexts may reveal various economic, cultural, and environmental aspects of rural landscapes, which can be linked to land-use changes and major soil degradation processes, including soil erosion. As a contribution to rural landscape studies, the purpose of this work is to investigate the spatial distribution of vineyard plots in the Valencian community, located in the eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on the final product, the type of vineyard and how long each vineyard has been settled over time. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of a wine-growing landscape, considering strategic (spatial) assets in present and past times. Vineyards were interpreted as a distinctive landmarks that give value to local economies; basic knowledge of how long different types of wine plots have been present in the Valencian community is useful when estimating their degree of sustainability and formulating suggestions, policies, and strategies to prevent processes of landscape degradation at various spatial scales.

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Mania, Elena, Fabio Petrella, Matteo Giovannozzi, Mauro Piazzi, Alena Wilson et Silvia Guidoni. « Managing Vineyard Topography and Seasonal Variability to Improve Grape Quality and Vineyard Sustainability ». Agronomy 11, n^o 6 (3 juin 2021) : 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061142.

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Topography may induce variability in meteorological conditions at the meso-scale level and could influence grape quality. Understanding the impact of topography on grape ripening allows for the development of sustainable management practices that include topographical influences in their consideration. This is also important for applying proactive strategies able to counter the expected changes of climate. This study was conducted on cv. Nebbiolo vineyards in North-West Italy. The topographic traits were performed in 17 vineyards within the region, which had previously been identified as belonging to different terroir units. An analysis of historical meteorological data series was also carried out to characterize the units from the meteorological point of view. The grape composition was investigated during 2012 and 2013. Based on the topography traits, a Cluster Analysis classified the 17 vineyards into four groups. Differences among groups mainly concerned insolation and heat accumulation. Topography influenced the individual components of grape quality differently depending on the seasonal weather trend. Interactions between topography and vintage were observed for a few parameters. Better understanding the grapevine reaction to external factors/site characteristics can allow for improved site and season-specific management decision making and can contribute to improving vineyard sustainability while maintaining winery objectives and wine typicity.

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Novara, Agata, Valeria Favara, Amelia Novara, Nicola Francesca, Tanino Santangelo, Pietro Columba, Stefania Chironi, Marzia Ingrassia et Luciano Gristina. « Soil Carbon Budget Account for the Sustainability Improvement of a Mediterranean Vineyard Area ». Agronomy 10, n^o 3 (2 mars 2020) : 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030336.

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Sustainable viticulture is suggested as an interesting strategy for achieving the objectives of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in terms of mitigation and adaptation. However, knowledge and quantification of the contribution of sustainable vineyard management on climate change impact are needed. Although it is widely assessed by several authors that the agricultural stage has a great impact in the wine chain, very few studies have evaluated the greenhouse gas emission in this phase including the ability of soil to sequester carbon (C) or the off-farm C loss by erosion. This work aimed to provide a vineyard carbon budget (vCB) tool to quantify the impact of grape production on GHG emission including the effects of environmental characteristics and agricultural practices. The vCB was estimated considering four different soil management scenarios: conventional tillage (CT), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species in alternate inter-rows (ACC), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species (CC), permanent cover crop (PCC). The estimation of vCB was applied at territory level in a viticulture area in Sicily (2468 ha of vineyard) using empirical data. Results of the present study showed that the environmental characteristics strongly affect the sustainability of vineyard management; the highest contribution to total CO2 emission is, in fact, given by the C losses by erosion in sloping vineyards. Soils of studied vineyards are a source of CO2 due to the low C inputs and high mineralization rate, except for soil managed by CC which can sequester soil C, contributing positively to vCB. The highest total CO2 emission was estimated in vineyards under CT management (2.31 t ha−1y−1), followed by CC (1.27 t ha−1y−1), ACC (0.69 t ha−1y−1) and PCC (0.64 t ha−1y−1). Findings of vCB applied at territory level highlighted the key role of the evaluation of carbon budget (CB) on a larger scale to identify the CO2 emission in relation to climatic and environmental factors. The present study could contribute to provide suggestions to policymakers and farmers for reducing GHG emissions and promote more sustainable grape production practices.

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García Castellanos, Begoña, Benjamín García García et José García García. « Evaluation of the Sustainability of Vineyards in Semi-Arid Climates : The Case of Southeastern Spain ». Agronomy 12, n^o 12 (18 décembre 2022) : 3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123213.

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Vineyards in southeastern Spain, although subjected to a semi-arid climate, generate multiple environmental and socioeconomic benefits. However, they have an uncertain future, mainly due to the price of grapes, as well as the limited water resources and the effects of climate change. For this reason, in this work a sustainability evaluation was carried out through life cycle costing analysis (LCC) combined with life cycle assessment (LCA) for four vineyard models characteristic of the area: two rainfed (conventional and organic) and two irrigated (conventional and organic). The greatest differences in the cost structure between the rainfed and irrigated systems are due to the amortization of the infrastructure of the irrigated vineyards, which requires high gross production, via productivity in kilos or in a grape price that prioritizes quality. In addition, the environmental impacts are greater due to this infrastructure. The differences between conventional and organic production for each type of vineyard are of little relevance. The inputs of this crop are minimized, to lower costs, and this entails low economic and environmental costs. However, conventional management entails slightly higher impacts than organic management.

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Pessina, Domenico, Lavinia Eleonora Galli, Stefano Santoro et Davide Facchinetti. « Sustainability of Machinery Traffic in Vineyard ». Sustainability 13, n^o 5 (25 février 2021) : 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052475.

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Viticulture involves significant levels of machinery traffic, causing heavy soil compaction. In particular, the compaction of the subsoil is increased; a deep tillage could certainly solve the problem, but the risk of damage to the plants’ root system is high. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend of both the top- and the sub-soil compaction in a hillside vineyard located in Tuscany (Italy), investigating different machine-implement combinations, i.e., self-propelled machinery or narrow tractor coupled to implements. The tests were repeated periodically along the entire growing season, approximately every 6–8 weeks (end of May, end of July and first decade of October). A single test included at least 50 sample measurements, recorded randomly along each inter-row investigated. In the surveyed field, the inter-rows were alternatively covered with grass, or tilled in the top layer during the previous wintertime. Two experimental test sets were developed: the first involved the use of two implements (a sprayer and a grape harvester) towed by narrow tractors, while in the second the pesticide distribution and the harvesting were performed with a properly equipped self-propelled tool carrier. All the other farming operations were executed using the same implements in both cases. Balanced use of the self-propelled tool carrier and the traditional tractor-implement combination allows a better distribution of the soil compaction (in particular in the top-soil), thus improving the root-growing efficiency.

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Barnes, A. M., S. D. Wratten et H. S. Sandhu. « Harnessing Biodiversity to Improve Vineyard Sustainability ». Outlooks on Pest Management 20, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2009) : 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/20dec04.

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Barnes, A. M., S. D. Wratten et H. S. Sandhu. « HARNESSING BIODIVERSITY TO IMPROVE VINEYARD SUSTAINABILITY ». Acta Horticulturae, n^o 873 (septembre 2010) : 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.873.5.

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Ramos, I. J., J. A. Ribeiro et D. Figueiredo. « Effects of vineyard agricultural practices on the diversity of macroinvertebrates ». BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019) : 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191201004.

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In Europe, agriculture represents the dominant land use and there is a substantial part of biodiversity associated with those habitats. Therefore, conservation studies should direct to agriculture fields aiming to minimize the biodiversity losses. Vineyards could play a key role in producing win-win solutions for agriculture and biodiversity conservation, as an entrance point of sustainable practices in agriculture management. This study aims to evaluate the influence of different agriculture practices on macroinvertebrate diversity and in the productivity of the vineyards. Comparing these variables, we hope to determine the most sustainable agriculture practices, to suggest conservation measures to enhance sustainability and improve biodiversity in the vineyards. We are comparing Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera diversity and levels of productivity in three differently managed vineyards: conventional, organic and integrated production with controlled doses of chemicals (optidose). Macroinvertebrates will be sampled by pitfalls and colour plates. Study area is Herdade dos Pinheiros of Fundação Eugénio de Almeida, in Évora (Alentejo, Portugal). We expect to find higher macroinvertebrates diversity where there is less disturbance, as in the organic vineyard. And the contrary for the conventional. Also, we are expecting to find little diversity of Hemiptera when there are higher levels of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera diversity, because that means biological control is acting. Finally, we hope to find the best agriculture measures to enhance sustainability and improve biodiversity in vineyards and surrounding areas.

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Jakšić, Snežana, Jordana Ninkov, Stanko Milić, Jovica Vasin, Dušana Banjac, Darko Jakšić et Milorad Živanov. « The State of Soil Organic Carbon in Vineyards as Affected by Soil Types and Fertilization Strategies (Tri Morave Region, Serbia) ». Agronomy 11, n^o 1 (23 décembre 2020) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010009.

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Due to specific soil properties and management practices, soils in vineyards are sensitive to degradation. The aims of this study were to examine (i) the state of soil organic carbon (SOC) in vineyards compared to other agricultural land, (ii) the influence of different fertilization strategies and soil type on SOC content and (iii) the rate of SOC change over time and potential of deep tillage for SOC preservation in subsoil. The study was carried out at 16 representative vineyard locations of the Tri Morave region, which represents the largest vine growing region in Serbia. The analyzed area included 56 vineyard plots. Results showed that SOC stocks in the topsoil and subsoil were lower than the average for agricultural land in Serbia. The soil type was an important predictor of carbon storage in the topsoil. An adequate application of inorganic fertilizers or green manure combined with farmyard manure initially resulted in the highest SOC contents. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizer without organic amendments has led to a decrease of SOC in topsoil. High rates of SOC stock change in topsoil accompanied a rapid reduction of SOC in the earlier stage of cultivation. In all investigated subsoils, SOC increased, except for unfertilized vineyards. Deep tillage has the potential to preserve SOC in the deeper soil layer and prevent carbon loss from the topsoil. More attention should be paid to the soil conservation practices to meet environmental sustainability of viticulture.

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Sáenz-Romo, María Gloria, Ariadna Veas-Bernal, Héctor Martínez-García, Sergio Ibáñez-Pascual, Elena Martínez-Villar, Raquel Campos-Herrera, Vicente Santiago Marco-Mancebón et Ignacio Pérez-Moreno. « Effects of Ground Cover Management on Insect Predators and Pests in a Mediterranean Vineyard ». Insects 10, n^o 12 (23 novembre 2019) : 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10120421.

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Conservative techniques, such as ground cover management, could help promote viticulture sustainability, which is a goal of conservation biological control, by providing shelter and food sources for predatory insects. A field experiment was conducted in a Mediterranean vineyard to evaluate ground cover management impacts on predatory insect and potential grapevine pest abundance and diversity, both on the ground and in the grapevine canopy. Three different ground cover management techniques (tillage, spontaneous cover and flower-driven cover) were tested for two years (2016 and 2017). Overall, the ground cover management significantly affected the abundance of important epigeal predators, of which carabids, forficulids and staphylinids were the most captured. The carabid abundances under both the cover crop treatments were found to be approximately three times higher compared with that under the tillage treatment. In contrast, the canopy insect abundance in the vineyard was similar among the treatments for both the predators and the potential grapevine pest species. These results indicate that cover crop vegetation can be used in vineyards to enhance predatory insect abundance and may improve agroecosystem resilience.

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Magni, Simone, Mino Sportelli, Nicola Grossi, Marco Volterrani, Alberto Minelli, Michel Pirchio, Marco Fontanelli et al. « Autonomous Mowing and Turf-Type Bermudagrass as Innovations for An Environment-Friendly Floor Management of a Vineyard in Coastal Tuscany ». Agriculture 10, n^o 5 (25 mai 2020) : 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050189.

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The establishment of permanent cover crops is becoming a common practice in vineyard floor management. Turfgrass science may provide species and techniques with a high potential for improving the sustainability of vineyard floor management. Based on this assumption, an experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 at the Donna Olimpia Vineyard, Bolgheri, Italy. The trial aimed at comparing an innovative floor management system based on a turf-type cultivar of bermudagrass mown with an autonomous mower with a conventional floor management system. Ground cover percentage, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, grapevine water status, leaf nitrogen content, fruit yield and must composition have been assessed in order to perform the comparison. The innovative vineyard floor management produced an almost complete ground cover (98%) at the end of the second growing season, with the resident species reduced to a small percentage (4%). Resident species growing under-trellis were efficiently controlled without herbicide applications. A lower primary energy consumption and a reduction in CO2 emissions were observed for the innovative management system compared to the conventional management system. Grapevine water status, leaf chlorophyll content, soil–plant analyses development (SPAD), fruit yields and must composition were similar between the different soil management systems. Based on results obtained in this trial, turf-type bermudagrass and innovative mowing machines may contribute to enhance the sustainability of vineyard floor management.

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Cossart, Etienne, Jessica Pic, Yoann Le Guen et Mathieu Fressard. « Spatial Patterns of Vineyard Abandonment and Related Land Use Transitions in Beaujolais (France) : A Multiscale Approach ». Sustainability 12, n^o 11 (9 juin 2020) : 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114695.

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While the resilience of French vineyards is currently threatened, this paper focuses on the Beaujolais terroir, where the disappearance of vineyards has been qualitatively observed by local stakeholders. A targeted survey was led at three complementary scales. First, we provide an overview of the evolution of agricultural landscapes and practices for the whole Beaujolais area since 1990 from national statistical databases. It shows that the vineyard extent reached a maximum during the 1990s and that significant bifurcation occurred in 2000. Second, we document land use evolution in relation to vineyard abandonment at a more local scale. Three case studies (lower Ardières, Marverand, Merloux) exemplify the main local settings, and the land uses are described over time from an analysis that employed multitemporal photo interpretation. The results quantified the decrease in the vineyard surface extent since 1999: approximately 30% was lost in regular terroirs and 5% was lost in high added-value terroirs. Third, at a fine scale, we explained the precise location of the abandoned parcels regarding the site characteristics (e.g., incoming solar radiation, slope gradient, terroir quality). The results showed differences in evolution patterns between southern and northern Beaujolais. In northern Beaujolais, winegrowers tended to abandon vine parcels that were considered of lower quality; while, in southern Beaujolais, the winegrowers tended to abandon vine parcels in relation to the difficulty of maintenance (remote and steep parcels were preferentially abandoned) or in relation to suburbanization (parcels close to built-up areas were preferentially abandoned).

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Pfingstmann, Alexandra, Daniel Paredes, Jacob Buchholz, Pascal Querner, Thomas Bauer, Peter Strauss, Sophie Kratschmer, Silvia Winter et Johann Zaller. « Contrasting Effects of Tillage and Landscape Structure on Spiders and Springtails in Vineyards ». Sustainability 11, n^o 7 (8 avril 2019) : 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072095.

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Interactions between predatory species and their potential prey are little studied in vineyards, especially considering the surrounding landscape structure. We examined the effects of soil tillage intensities in vineyard inter-rows on the activity density and diversity of spiders (Araneae) and springtails (Collembola), their potential preys, and assessed whether these effects are altered by non-crop elements in the surrounding landscape. We collected data in 16 vineyards in Austria; eight were periodically mechanically disturbed (PMD), eight had permanent green cover (PGC). The study vineyards were embedded in landscapes ranging from structurally simple to complex. Both, spiders and springtails were collected with pitfall traps. Data analyses using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed different effects of soil tillage intensities on spiders and springtails and an interaction with semi-natural elements (SNEs) in the surrounding landscape. Activities of springtails were higher under PMD than under PGC while spider activity density remained unaffected. Spider family Shannon diversity was lower under PMD than under PGC, while springtail species Shannon diversity was unaffected by tillage. Under PMD, spider activity and family diversity decreased with increasing SNEs in the surroundings indicating spider emigration away from vineyards. Under PGC, spider activity density increased with increasing SNE proportions in the surroundings when springtail activity density was high. Our findings suggest that recommendations on sustainable vineyard management should include both site and landscape factors.

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Thomson, L. J. « Influence of reduced irrigation on beneficial invertebrates in vineyards ». Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, n^o 10 (2006) : 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05139.

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An important aspect of increasing the sustainability of agricultural production in dry continents such as Australia is decreasing water use. In this study full irrigation is compared with partial rootzone drying, a method that uses targeted controlled watering to reduce water use while maintaining production in vineyards. The impact of the 2 irrigation methods on invertebrates with potential to influence productivity (pests, predators, parasitoids and soil macroinvertebrates) in a vineyard in south-eastern Australia is also investigated. Invertebrates were sampled at ground level and in the canopy using 3 methods: pitfall traps and 2 types of sticky trap. Earthworms were sampled by hand sorting soil. Initial sorting of the collections was to the order level. The implementation of partial rootzone drying throughout the growing season (December–March) over 2 consecutive years had little effect on the invertebrate orders analysed. Only 2 generalist predator orders (Araneae and Coleoptera) and earthworms (Haplotaxida) were significantly affected under conditions of water stress. These data suggest that reduction of irrigation of the magnitude required for partial rootzone drying has limited consequences for natural enemies of vineyard pests and soil macroinvertebrates in the short term.

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Ramírez, Pilar Mañas, et Jorge De las Heras Ibáñez. « Nutrient Content of Vineyard Leaves after Prolonged Treated Wastewater Irrigation ». Agronomy 13, n^o 3 (22 février 2023) : 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030620.

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Water is essential for agricultural productivity and is a vital component of food security. In areas with limited water supplies, new water resources must be identified. Given these challenges, we attempted to determine whether the use of treated wastewater for vineyard irrigation is compatible with sensible agricultural methods within the context of a circular economy, where resource sustainability is a key tenet of foodtech. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether using treated wastewater for vineyard irrigation influences foliar nutrient content identifying differences according to irrigation water. A field experiment was designed to compare vineyards that had been irrigated with treated wastewater for years to those that had been irrigated with conventional well water. For characterization, water and soil were analyzed. Furthermore, the macro and micronutrient contents of vine leaves, as well as chlorophyll (SPAD units) measured directly in the field, were tracked over several seasons to determine the relationship between them. We found no nutritional imbalances in the crop at the end of the study, although there were improvements in the concentrations of some nutrients (Mg, Mn and Zn). It was also noticed that plots irrigated with treated wastewater run the risk of increasing soil saline concentrations.

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Pitacco, Andrea, et Franco Meggio. « Carbon budget of the vineyard – A new feature of sustainability ». BIO Web of Conferences 5 (2015) : 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20150501024.

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Massaccesi, Luisa, Alice Cartoni Mancinelli, Simona Mattioli, Mauro De Feudis, Cesare Castellini, Alessandro Dal Bosco, Maria Laura Marongiu et Alberto Agnelli. « Geese Reared in Vineyard : Soil, Grass and Animals Interaction ». Animals 9, n^o 4 (19 avril 2019) : 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040179.

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Agroforestry systems aim at increasing the productivity and the environmental sustainability of both crop and animal productions. The integration of small animals such as geese in the vineyard could represent an opportunity to improve farm income and reduce land use for grazing. The main objective of this work was to study the impact of geese rearing in an organic vineyard on the chemical and biochemical properties of the soil and the effect of Copper (Cu) supplied with the fungicide treatments. Furthermore, the amount of Cu in the animal tissues was also investigated. Three experimental areas within the vineyard were selected: High Geese Density (HGD-240 geese ha−1), Low Geese Density (LGD-120 geese ha−1) and Without Geese used as control soil (WG). The results indicated that both HGD and LGD did not affect the main chemical properties of the vineyard soils. LGD increased the amount and the efficiency of the microbial biomass in the upper soil horizons. Moreover, geese through the grazing activity reduced the Cu content in the vineyard soils, accumulating this element in their liver. However, the content of Cu in the breast and drumstick of vineyard geese did not show any significant difference in respect the meat of the control ones.

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Vincent, Charles, Jacques Lasnier, Charles-Henri de Coussergues et Alain Baril. « Biodiversity in a Cool-Climate Vineyard : A Case Study from Quebec ». Insects 12, n^o 8 (19 août 2021) : 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12080750.

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In Quebec (Canada), viticulture has experienced steady growth in the last 35 years in terms of surfaces cultivated and value, although it is practiced in climatic conditions at the edge of what is considered a cool-climate area. This case study documents biodiversity studies conducted at the l’Orpailleur vineyard (Dunham, QC, Canada) from 1997 to 2021. In a first phase starting in 1997, the biodiversity of insecticide-free and insecticide-treated plots was determined for the taxa Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae, Cicadellidae, Acari and Aranae. This step provided a baseline allowing to identify key arthropods. In a second phase starting in 2004, entomological issues were addressed on an ad hoc basis. In 2014, a third phase began with a perspective of sustainability and management of plant diversity in the vineyard to conserve natural enemies. Because of increased Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica-Scarabaeidae) populations and threats to vineyards, a biocontrol program based on the parasitoid Istocheta aldrichi (Tachinidae) was initiated. The unusually fast development of grapevines during the growing season, selection of flowering species, as well as selected arthropods associated with these flowering species, will be illustrated. Periodic update of protection programs will be required to address future challenges associated with climate change scenarios and world trade.

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Sosnowski, Mark R., et Dion C. Mundy. « Pruning Wound Protection Strategies for Simultaneous Control of Eutypa and Botryosphaeria Dieback in New Zealand ». Plant Disease 103, n^o 3 (mars 2019) : 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-18-0728-re.

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The grapevine trunk diseases Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback threaten the sustainability of vineyards worldwide. This study aimed to develop practical and efficient wound protection strategies, which will lead to widespread adoption of preventative control for these diseases and increased longevity of vineyards. Five fungicides (tebuconazole, carbendazim, fluazinam, mancozeb, and flusilazole) were evaluated for efficacy against Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum luteum infection on pruning wounds of ‘Sauvignon blanc’ in a New Zealand vineyard. All five fungicides controlled infection by both pathogens to varying degrees, with mean percent disease control of 70 to 90% for E. lata and 33 to 93% for N. luteum. This has led to the first known registration of a fungicide, fluazinam (Gem), for simultaneous control of both Eutypa and Botryosphaeria dieback. Furthermore, application of carbendazim with tractor-driven sprayers provided similar control of E. lata and N. luteum to that when applied by hand with a paintbrush. This constitutes the first report of Botryosphaeria dieback control with fungicides applied with tractor-driven sprayers.

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Trouillard, Martin, Amélie Lèbre et Felix Heckendorn. « Grazing Sheep in Organic Vineyards : An On-Farm Study about Risk of Chronic Copper Poisoning ». Sustainability 13, n^o 22 (20 novembre 2021) : 12860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212860.

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Many winegrowers and sheep breeders are interested in wintertime grazing in vineyards, as an agroecological alternative to mowing or herbicide spraying, and additional supply of forage. Still, strong concern is raised by the use of copper-based fungicides, particularly in organic vineyards, since copper is known to induce chronic toxicosis in sheep. We conducted an on-farm study with n = 12 1-year-old Merinos × Mourerous ewes grazing the cover vegetation of vineyard plots during wintertime, in order to check whether this agricultural practice might be harmful to sheep. Our results indicate that most copper found in the cover vegetation originates from fungicide spraying versus plant uptake from the soil, and that rain-induced washing-off and plant growth-triggered dilution of copper are crucial to reach close-to-safe grazing conditions. Furthermore, we found that while sheep remained globally healthy during the 2 months of the experimental period, the plasma activity of Glutamate Dehydrogenase increased by 17.3 ± 3.0 U/L upon vineyard grazing (p < 0.001), reflecting liver storage of copper. We also discovered that the dynamics of molybdenum in sheep plasma are strongly affected by exposure to copper, suggesting a possible adaptation mechanism. Overall, our results suggest that winter grazing of sheep in organic vineyards is reasonably safe, but that care should be taken about grazing period duration. More research should be conducted with respect to long-term copper accumulation, spring and summer grazing, and possible protective mechanisms against copper chronic poisoning.

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Pichon, Léo, Cécile Laurent, Jean-Christophe Payan et Bruno Tisseyre. « Observation of shoot growth : a simple and operational decision-making tool for monitoring vine water status in the vineyard ». OENO One 57, n^o 1 (28 février 2023) : 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2023.57.1.5481.

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In vineyard management, the monitoring of vine water status is of great importance, because this variable influences harvest quality, yield and, in the longer term, vineyard sustainability. Numerous tools and methods have been proposed to monitor vine water status, but they often involve the use of costly and complex equipment and can be logistically demanding. Methods based on the observation of vine shoot growth are interesting potential alternatives, because they are simple to carry out and therefore potentially better adapted for use in production vineyards. However, these methods have never been evaluated or compared to reference measurements made on several cultivars and during several vintages. The objective of this article was to study their characteristics (validity range, specificity and sensitivity) in order to be able to give recommendations for their rigorous implementation in an experimental or operational context. The study was carried out using the iG-Apex method to measure vine shoot growth and predawn leaf water potential as reference measurements in 55 fields located in the Tavel vineyard (Occitanie, France) during the 2008 to 2012 vintages. The results showed that iG-Apex can be used as an operational tool for monitoring vine water status at field scale and for a predawn leaf water potential ranging from -0.2 MPa to -0.8 MPa. Nevertheless, precautions must be taken when interpreting the results, as the method is not specific to water constraint and is also sensitive to other phenomena. Furthermore, it could be relevant to use this method for the collective monitoring of vine shoot growth over large spatial areas, in addition to more precise and more localised monitoring carried out with reference measurements.

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García-Navarro, Francisco Jesús, Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta, Jesus Garcia-Pradas, Jose A. Amoros, Caridad Perez de los Reyes et Sandra Bravo. « Zinc Concentration and Distribution in Vineyard Soils and Grapevine Leaves from Valdepeñas Designation of Origin (Central Spain) ». Sustainability 13, n^o 13 (1 juillet 2021) : 7390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137390.

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(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate zinc contents in leaves and soils of the Valdepeñas Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), situated in central Spain. Zn distribution maps of leaves and soils were obtained. (2) Methods: Ninety soil profiles were described, sampled and analyzed. Furthermore, vineyard leaves were collected randomly in each of the analyzed soil vineyard profiles. Soil and leaf samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. (3) Results: The mean total Zn concentrations in vineyard soils were in the range of 16.2–153.7 mg·kg−1, with a mean of 47.5 mg·kg−1. The obtained values above the 95th percentile (between 81.3 and 153.7 mg·kg−1) could be affected by different parent materials or Zn agricultural treatments in vineyards. Contents in different soils follow the order Entisol > Alfisol > Inceptisol. The average Zn content value in leaves was 23.8 mg·kg−1 and oscillated between 11.5 and 93.3 mg·kg−1; minor differences were detected between soil types, with the highest value in plants grown on soils without carbonates. (4) Conclusions: The obtained values are optimal for vine cultivation. The bioaccumulation factors in leaves were lower than unity (0.24–0.53 range). This means that the Zn bioaccumulation process is relatively low in the soil–grapevine system. This study serves as a reference to identify areas that present Zn deficiencies or risk of contamination.

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Pires Vieira da Rocha, Carla, et Eunice Sueli Nodari. « Winemaking, Environmental Impacts and Sustainability : New Pathways from Vineyard to Glass ? » Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha 10, n^o 1 (6 mai 2020) : 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2020v10i1.p223-243.

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In this text we explore the relationship between vitiviniculture and environment, observing the current conjuncture in which environmental problems are worsening. Taking as a baseline a survey of the literature and as a time frame the 1970s to the present, we begin by examining the development of vitiviniculture from the wider perspective of the contemporary global agrifood system, highlighting in particular the environmental impacts generated by this system. Next, taking into account the panorama of vitiviniculture in Brazil, we turn our focus to notions of sustainability with the aim of outlining possibilities for a reconfiguring of this issue and, at the same time, contextualizing the extent to which the country has been pursuing this direction. We conclude that the future of winemaking depends especially on a more harmonious intervention of human beings in the environment.

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Pires Vieira da Rocha, Carla, et Eunice Sueli Nodari. « Winemaking, Environmental Impacts and Sustainability : New Pathways from Vineyard to Glass ? » Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha 10, n^o 2 (6 mai 2020) : 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2020v10i2.p223-243.

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In this text we explore the relationship between vitiviniculture and environment, observing the current conjuncture in which environmental problems are worsening. Taking as a baseline a survey of the literature and as a time frame the 1970s to the present, we begin by examining the development of vitiviniculture from the wider perspective of the contemporary global agrifood system, highlighting in particular the environmental impacts generated by this system. Next, taking into account the panorama of vitiviniculture in Brazil, we turn our focus to notions of sustainability with the aim of outlining possibilities for a reconfiguring of this issue and, at the same time, contextualizing the extent to which the country has been pursuing this direction. We conclude that the future of winemaking depends especially on a more harmonious intervention of human beings in the environment.

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Ghiglieno, Isabella, Anna Simonetto, Giorgio Sperandio, Matteo Ventura, Fabio Gatti, Pierluigi Donna, Marco Tonni, Leonardo Valenti et Gianni Gilioli. « Impact of Environmental Conditions and Management on Soil Arthropod Communities in Vineyard Ecosystems ». Sustainability 13, n^o 21 (29 octobre 2021) : 11999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111999.

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The importance of soil biodiversity and soil-based ecosystem services in the context of viticulture has recently been emphasized. Over 85% of soil fauna species richness is represented by edaphic arthropod communities. Edaphic arthropod responses to soil characteristics and management practices can be considered as good bioindicators of soil quality. Here, 168 soil samples that were collected from 2014 to 2019 in several vineyards of different Italian wine-growing areas were analyzed to explore how arthropod communities respond to several factors that are characteristic of vineyard ecosystems. The analysis of the combined effects of the primary abiotic variables (the chemical and physical characteristics of soil) and management practices (organic vs. conventional, soil inter-row management) on soil biological quality (assessed by QBS-ar index) identified soil temperature and soil texture as the abiotic factors exerting the most significant effect on the QBS-ar values. Organic vineyards exhibited higher QBS-ar values compared to those of conventionally managed vineyards, and subsoiling negatively influenced the soil biological quality.

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Triviño-Tarradas, Paula, Pilar Carranza-Cañadas, Francisco-Javier Mesas-Carrascosa et Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. « Evaluation of Agricultural Sustainability on a Mixed Vineyard and Olive-Grove Farm in Southern Spain through the INSPIA Model ». Sustainability 12, n^o 3 (4 février 2020) : 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031090.

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The volume of the food produced across the world should be related to agricultural sustainability and is crucial for natural capital protection. Hence, sustainability assessment on farms and the identification of improvements is relevant. A mixed farm of vineyard and olive trees was chosen for sustainability assessment, based on the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that have been implemented. The aim of this research was to assess sustainability on a mixed vineyard and olive-grove farm and validate the INSPIA model for this kind of typology of a farm, which is very typical in the South of Spain. The sustainability assessment was monitored across 5-agricultural seasons based on the INSPIA methodology. INSPIA is based on the application of a set of BMPs, calculated on 31 basic indicators, providing a final composite index of sustainability. The greater the implementation of sustainable farming practices, the higher the value of the composite index. Enhanced soil, water, and air quality, improvement for biodiversity and for ecosystem services help towards sustainable agricultural productivity. Indicators’ results are shown during that period, depicting their relationship with the BMPs. The highest composite index was reached in the 4th year. This paper confirms the relevance of BMPs, such as groundcover establishment and minimum soil disturbance to upgrade sustainability on the permanent croplands in Southern Spain. The indicator-based sustainability assessment is considered a helpful tool in decision-making, which guides farmers towards BMPs performance.

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Barrena-González, Jesús, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei, Manuel Pulido Fernández et Artemi Cerdà. « Applying the RUSLE and ISUM in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) to Estimate Soil Mobilisation Rates ». Land 9, n^o 3 (23 mars 2020) : 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9030093.

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Spain is one of the largest wine producers in the world, with Extremadura (south-west Spain) being its second-largest producing region after Castilla La Mancha. Within Extremadura, the most traditional and productive viticulture region is the Tierra de Barros, which boasts an annual production of 3×106 litres. However, no soil erosion assessment has been undertaken in any vineyard in the region to ascertain environmental sustainability. Therefore, the Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) were applied to assess the long-term soil erosion rates. Both methods were applied using an experimental plot (2.8 m × 148.5 m) encompassing 99 paired vines in a 20-year-old vineyard under a tillage management system and on bare soils throughout the year. The ISUM and RUSLE found total soil mobilization values of 45.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 17.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, a difference of about 5 times. Mapping techniques showed that soil surface declined to an average of −6.2 cm, with maximum values of −28 cm. The highest values of soil depletion were mainly observed in the upper part and the form of linear features following the hillslope direction. On the other hand, under the vines, the soil surface level showed accumulations of up to +2.37 cm due to tillage practices. Our study demonstrated the potential of high soil erosion rates occurring in conventional vineyards managed with tillage in the inter-row areas and herbicides under the vines within the Tierra de Barros. Also, we demonstrated the elevated differences in soil mobilisation rates using the ISUM and RUSLE. Therefore, further research must be conducted in other vineyards to determine the suitability of the models for assessing soil erosion rates. Undoubtedly, soil conservation measures must be designed and applied immediately due to high erosion rates.

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Ruiz Pulpón et Cañizares Ruiz. « Potential of Vineyard Landscapes for Sustainable Tourism ». Geosciences 9, n^o 11 (8 novembre 2019) : 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110472.

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According to the World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism fosters the conservation of natural resources, respects the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities and ensures the maintenance of economic activities in the long term. With reference to these three areas, this article examines how vineyard landscapes, seen as one of the many resources of wine tourism, represent a potential for promoting forms of sustainable tourism, which be understood as tourism that assumes a balance between the environmental, economic and social determining factors behind a region. For this purpose, different theoretical and thematic approaches are used to highlight the importance of key issues, such as the status of the vineyard landscape as part of the conservation of natural resources in general and the elements linked to tangible and intangible heritage as part of the social authenticity of these landscapes. The results show how the strong cultural nature of vineyard landscapes, which are rich in heritage and aesthetics, guarantees their sustainability for tourist activity, provided that appropriate planning criteria are used.

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Litskas, Vassilis D., Nikolaos Tzortzakis et Menelaos C. Stavrinides. « Determining the Carbon Footprint and Emission Hotspots for the Wine Produced in Cyprus ». Atmosphere 11, n^o 5 (3 mai 2020) : 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050463.

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International agreements and policies on climate change urge for a drastic reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to prevent a temperature rise above 2 °C at the end of the century. Determination of the product carbon footprint (CF), identifying carbon hotspots and examining ways for CF reduction is an essential step towards mitigation actions. Viticulture and winemaking are very important for the economy of Mediterranean regions, especially for the sustainability of rural areas. To determine the CF for wine, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was adopted with system boundaries from vineyard to market. Input data were collected from 20 vineyards on the island of Cyprus, where the indigenous Xynisteri variety is cultivated and from an SME winery that uses the grapes to produce wine. The winery CF was 99,586 kg CO2-eq for 76,000 bottles produced (1.31 kg/0.75 L bottle). The uncertainty factor was determined to be ±50%, which was considered adequate for the methodology followed. The share of electrical energy was 46%, of packaging 18% and of the vineyard 16%. Fuel (transportation and heating), as well as waste management (solid and wastewater) contributed 10% each to the CF. There is potential for mitigation of the CF by replacing the bottles currently used by lighter ones, lowering the energy use and reusing a part of the solid waste as fertilizer. Research towards eco-innovation of viticulture/winemaking is essential for reducing the footprint of the sector to promote sustainable wine production.

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Novara, Agata, Valentina Catania, Marco Tolone, Luciano Gristina, Vito Armando Laudicina et Paola Quatrini. « Cover Crop Impact on Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Diversity in a Mediterranean Semiarid Vineyard ». Sustainability 12, n^o 8 (17 avril 2020) : 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083256.

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Cover crop (CC) management in vineyards increases sustainability by improving soil chemical and biological fertility, but knowledge on its effects in semiarid soils is lacking. This study evaluated the effect of leguminous CC management on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, soil nitrate content and microbial diversity in a semiarid vineyard, in comparison to conventional tillage (CT). SOC and nitrate were monitored during vine-growing season; soil respiration, determined by incubation experiments, microbial biomass and diversity was analyzed after CC burial. The microbial diversity was evaluated by bacterial and fungal automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and high-throughput sequencing of 16SrDNA. CC increased nitrate content and, although it had no relevant effect on SOC, almost doubled its active microbial component, which contributes to SOC stabilization. An unexpected stability of the microbial communities under different soil managements was assessed, fungal diversity being slightly enhanced under CT while bacterial diversity increased under CC. The complete nitrifying genus Nitrospira and plant growth-promoting genera were increased under CC, while desiccation-tolerant genera were abundant in CT. Findings showed that temporary CC applied in semiarid vineyards does not optimize the provided ecosystem services, hence a proper management protocol for dry environments should be set up.

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Madruga, J., E. B. Azevedo, J. F. Sampaio, F. Fernandes, F. Reis et J. Pinheiro. « Analysis and definition of potential new areas for viticulture in the Azores (Portugal) ». SOIL 1, n^o 2 (13 juillet 2015) : 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-515-2015.

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Abstract. Vineyards in the Azores have been traditionally settled on lava field terroirs but the practical limitations of mechanization and high demand on man labor imposed by the typical micro parcel structure of these vineyards contradict the sustainability of these areas for wine production, except under government policies of heavy financial support. Besides the traditional vineyards there are significant areas in some of the islands whose soils, climate and physiographic characteristics suggest a potential for wine production that deserves to be the object of an assessment, with a view to the development of new vineyard areas offering conditions for better management and sustainability. The landscape zoning approach for the present study was based in a geographic information system (GIS) analysis incorporating factors related to climate, topography and soils. Three thermal intervals referred to climate maturity groups were defined and combined with a single slope interval of 0–15 % to exclude the landscape units above this limit. Over this resulting composite grid, the soils were then selectively cartographed through the exclusion of the soil units not fulfilling the suitability criteria. The results show that the thermal interval of warmer conditions, well represented in the traditional terroir of Pico island, has practically no expression in the other islands. However, for the intermediate and the cooler classes, we could map areas of 5611 and 18 115 ha respectively, fulfilling the defined soils and slope criteria, indicating thus the existence of some landscapes in the studied islands revealing adequate potential for future development of viticulture, although certainly demanding a good judgment on the better grape varieties to be adapted to those climatic conditions.

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Madruga, J., E. B. Azevedo, J. F. Sampaio, F. Reis et J. Pinheiro. « Analysis and definition of potential new areas for viticulture in the Azores (Portugal) ». SOIL Discussions 1, n^o 1 (8 décembre 2014) : 1147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-1147-2014.

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Abstract. Vineyards in the Azores have been traditionally settled on lava field "terroirs" but the practical limitations of mechanization and high demand on man labor imposed by the typical micro parcel structure of these vineyards contradict the sustainability of these areas for wine production, except under government policies of heavy financial support. Besides the traditional vineyards there are significant areas in some of the islands whose soils, climate and physiographic characteristics suggest a potential for wine production that deserves to be object of an assessment, with a view to the development of new vineyard areas offering conditions for a better management and sustainability. The landscape zoning approach for the present study was based in a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis incorporating factors related to climate, topography and soils. Three thermal intervals referred to climate maturity groups were defined and combined with a single slope interval of 0–15% to exclude the landscape units above this limit. Over this resulting composite grid, the soils were than selectively cartographed thru the exclusion of the soil units not fulfilling the suitability criteria. The results show that the thermal interval of warmer conditions, well represented in the traditional "terroir" of Pico island, has practically no expression in the other islands. However, for the intermediate and the cooler classes, we could map areas of 3739 and 19 395 ha respectively, fulfilling the defined soils and slope criteria, indicating thus the existence of some landscapes in the studied islands revealing adequate potential for future development of viticulture, although certainly demanding a good judgment on the better grape varieties to be adapted to those climatic conditions.

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Cesco, Stefano, Youry Pii, Luigimaria Borruso, Guido Orzes, Paolo Lugli, Fabrizio Mazzetto, Giulio Genova et al. « A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil : How to Face Cu Toxicity ». Applied Sciences 11, n^o 3 (20 janvier 2021) : 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11030907.

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In recent decades, agriculture has faced the fundamental challenge of needing to increase food production and quality in order to meet the requirements of a growing global population. Similarly, viticulture has also been undergoing change. Several countries are reducing their vineyard areas, and several others are increasing them. In addition, viticulture is moving towards higher altitudes and latitudes due to climate change. Furthermore, global warming is also exacerbating the incidence of fungal diseases in vineyards, forcing farmers to apply agrochemicals to preserve production yields and quality. The repeated application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides in conventional and organic farming has caused a stepwise accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils, posing environmental and toxicological threats. High Cu concentrations in soils can have multiple impacts on agricultural systems. In fact, it can (i) alter the chemical-physical properties of soils, thus compromising their fertility; (ii) induce toxicity phenomena in plants, producing detrimental effects on growth and productivity; and (iii) affect the microbial biodiversity of soils, thereby influencing some microbial-driven soil processes. However, several indirect (e.g., management of rhizosphere processes through intercropping and/or fertilization strategies) and direct (e.g., exploitation of vine resistant genotypes) strategies have been proposed to restrain Cu accumulation in soils. Furthermore, the application of precision and smart viticulture paradigms and their related technologies could allow a timely, localized and balanced distribution of agrochemicals to achieve the required goals. The present review highlights the necessity of applying multidisciplinary approaches to meet the requisites of sustainability demanded of modern viticulture.

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Abbona, Esteban A., Santiago J. Sarandón, Mariana E. Marasas et Marta Astier. « Ecological sustainability evaluation of traditional management in different vineyard systems in Berisso, Argentina ». Agriculture, Ecosystems & ; Environment 119, n^o 3-4 (mars 2007) : 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.08.001.

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Duca, Daniele, Vittorio Maceratesi, Sara Fabrizi et Giuseppe Toscano. « Valorising Agricultural Residues through Pelletisation ». Processes 10, n^o 2 (26 janvier 2022) : 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020232.

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The agricultural sector and its related production chains are good sources of residual biomass. Olive and vineyard pruning residues are present in high quantities in Italy. The limited bulk and energy densities of these biomass materials affect the harvesting and logistic costs, limiting energy and environmental sustainability. Pelletisation is the most efficient process for increasing bulk and energy densities. This study evaluates the pelletisation process of olive and vineyard prunings, pure, or blended with variable quantities of spruce sawdust. A 15 kW pelletisation system was chosen, in line with production at the farm level. The most important quality parameters of the produced agripellets were analyzed. The results of this investigation suggest that blending could valorize other biomass materials less suitable for pelletisation and reach the pellet quality required by Italian technical standards. The addition of pruning residues to spruce sawdust leads to an improvement in durability. Spruce sawdust pellets have a durability value of 78.4%. Adding 20% of olive prunings (S80O20) increases this value to 92.2, while adding 20% vineyard prunings (S80V20) increases this value up to 90.3. The addition of 20% of pruning residues significantly increased the length and decreased fines.

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Brunori, Elena, Federico Valerio Moresi, Mauro Maesano, Matteo De Horatis, Riccardo Salvati, Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza et Rita Biasi. « Field survey and UAV remote sensing as tools for evaluating the canopy management effects in smallholder grapevine farm ». BIO Web of Conferences 44 (2022) : 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224405001.

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The transition towards more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems must start from smallholder farms (SHs), that are responsible for one third of total crop production, are crucial to preserve ecosystems services, but are restive to adopt precision viticulture (PV) tools because benefits are considered insufficient to justify the costs. PV could help SHs to face with climate variability, maintaining high quality standards in the vineyard and to increase grapevine resilience adopting strategic cultural practices. This paper focus on evaluating some canopy management techniques (leaf removal at different phenological stages) on Italian grapevine landraces through field survey and UAV remote sensing, to obtain an automated estimation of the vine status in terms of canopy architecture, vine vigour, and berry traits. Findings showed as the adoption of canopy management practices, like the leaf removal, can increase the productive performance of the vines by regulating canopy growth, improving berry quality, and at the same time can increase the environmental sustainability of viticulture. Remote sensing restores a real-time vegetational indices (VIs) at vine scale that SHs could use to maximize quality and sustainability through a more efficient and site-specific management of the vineyard.

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White, Robert E., et Daniel Watson. « Monitoring a commercial vineyard in New Zealand to maintain soil health and achieve long-term sustainability ». E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018) : 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001019.

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This paper illustrates the benefits of long-term monitoring of soil and vine health in Craggy Range’s Te Muna vineyard in the Martinborough region of New Zealand. The soils at Te Muna are formed on two river terraces. The higher and older terrace, planted to Pinot Noir, is very gravelly; the lower and younger terrace, planted to Sauvignon Blanc, contains more silt and very fine sand. Both terraces are freely drained. Soil pH, organic C and available P were monitored in selected blocks on both terraces. Under current management that includes cover crops and sheep grazing in winter, soil organic C has been stable for 10 years. Because of the regular application of RPR and intermittent liming, soil pH (water) has risen from c.5.5 to 6.5–7. Values for soil available P, measured by Olsen bicarbonate and Mehlich-3 extractions, diverged over time. The Olsen test indicated satisfactory P levels: conversely, the Mehlich test showed P values rising to very high levels, confirming Western Australian experience that this acid extraction is unsuitable for soils treated with RPR. Petiole and leaf blade P concentrations confirmed these results, but they showed greater interannual variation than the soil P measurements. Overall, the long-term sustainability of the vineyard should be assured.

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Pisciotta, Antonino, Rosario Di Lorenzo, Agata Novara, Vito Armando Laudicina, Ettore Barone, Antonino Santoro, Luciano Gristina et Maria Gabriella Barbagallo. « Cover Crop and Pruning Residue Management to Reduce Nitrogen Mineral Fertilization in Mediterranean Vineyards ». Agronomy 11, n^o 1 (16 janvier 2021) : 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010164.

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This paper aimed to study the effect of temporary cover crop and vine pruning residue burial as alternative practices to conventional tillage on soil nitrate (NO3-N) availability and grapevine performance in the short term. The trial was carried out in a rain-fed vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv Grecanico dorato/140 Ruggeri) located in a traditional Mediterranean viticultural area (37°32′48′′ N; 13°00′15′′ E) in Sicily (Italy). Conventional tillage (CT) soil management was compared with winter cover crop (CC), conventional tillage plus buried pruning residue (CT + PR), and winter cover crop plus buried pruning residue (CC + PR) management treatments. Two fertilizer treatments (92 kg ha−1 of N as urea and 0 kg ha−1) were applied to the four soil management treatments. Vicia faba L. was the selected leguminous cover crop species, which was seeded in autumn and buried in spring at the same time as vine pruning residues. The soil NO3-N content was monitored, and vine vegetative growth, yield, and must quality were assessed over two seasons. Results showed that NO3-N availability strongly differed between fertilized (F) and unfertilized (UF) plots and years and among treatments. A positive effect of winter leguminous CC + PR on the Grecanico dorato grapevine performance was observed. In the UF vineyard, grape fertility, yield, Ravaz index, and total soluble solids were significantly higher in CC + PR vines than in other treatments, thus showing the reliability of reducing N mineral fertilization and related risks of excess nitrate in groundwater. The possibility of increasing the overall sustainability of rain-fed vineyards in a semiarid agro-ecosystem, without negative effects on grape and must quality, is also demonstrated.

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Frota de Albuquerque Landi, Fabiana, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Alberto Maria Gambelli, Alberto Palliotti, Andrea Nicolini, Anna Laura Pisello et Federico Rossi. « Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard ». Sustainability 13, n^o 10 (17 mai 2021) : 5562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105562.

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Wine production is a key sector for the Italian economy, representing 13 billion euros per year. The proportion of the market raises concerns about improving the production technology at low cost, safe practices, and low environmental impacts. The recurrent life cycle assessment performed does not report on the impacts of frost protection. This study presents the potential environmental impact of a novel late frost protection technique for vineyards that is currently under development. It consists of an organic coating made of sugar and straw to prevent vine damage due to frosts in vineyards in the coldest hours of late winter and early spring. From previous research at the University of Perugia (Italy), the technique has proven to be an effective protection method for vine shoots. Currently, the yields are protected by highly energy-demanding methods. For this study, we simulated two different scenarios of frosting protection so we could point out possible hotspots for the field application of the novel method and compare it to a technique usually employed in central Italy. Under the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden (CML) method, the cotton candy technique is estimated at 316 kg CO2 equivalent emissions for hectare. Employing the organic sugar-coating means avoiding 69,375 kg of CO2 eq. compared to the traditional technique of oak wood-burning into the vineyard. Preliminary cost analysis demonstrated the economic viability of implementing the organic coating.

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Sequeira, Carla, et Otília Lage. « O Douro Superior, da produção cerealífera à vinhateira : a afirmação do vinho do Porto ». CEM, n^o 13 (2021) : 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2182-1097/13v4.

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This article focuses on the affirmation and sustainability of vines and wine, articulated with cereal farming in the Douro Superior, and analises three phases of its vineyard evolution: the first, embryonic and of reduced commercial expression, prior to the phylloxera outbreak; the second, of progressive affirmation, from the last quarter of the 19th century to the demarcations of 1907-1908, with the institutional recognition of the enlargement of the Douro Demarcated Region to the border with Spain; the third, in the course of 20th century, corresponding to the development and wine consolidation of this sub-region, which today produces Port wine and high quality DOC wines. It is part of a vast field of research on the process of transformations of the Douro Regional Space2, the expansion of the vineyard with intra-regional differences and the economic and institutional changes in the Port wine sector, during the temporal arc considered

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Borsato, Eros, Maria Zucchinelli, Daniele D'Ammaro, Elisa Giubilato, Alex Zabeo, Paolo Criscione, Lisa Pizzol et al. « Use of multiple indicators to compare sustainability performance of organic vs conventional vineyard management ». Science of The Total Environment 711 (avril 2020) : 135081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135081.

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Mirás-Avalos, José, et Emily Araujo. « Optimization of Vineyard Water Management : Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives ». Water 13, n^o 6 (10 mars 2021) : 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060746.

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Water availability is endangering the production, quality, and economic viability of growing wine grapes worldwide. Climate change projections reveal warming and drying trends for the upcoming decades, constraining the sustainability of viticulture. In this context, a great research effort over the last years has been devoted to understanding the effects of water stress on grapevine performance. Moreover, irrigation scheduling and other management practices have been tested in order to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on wine production. The current manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in the research on optimizing water management in vineyards, including the use of novel technologies (modeling, remote sensing). In addition, methods for assessing vine water status are summarized. Moreover, the manuscript will focus on the interactions between grapevine water status and biotic stressors. Finally, future perspectives for research are provided. These include the performance of multifactorial studies accounting for the interrelations between water availability and other stressors, the development of a cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for assessing vine water status, and the study of less-known cultivars under different soil and climate conditions.

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O’Brien, Patrick, Roberta De Bei, Mark Sosnowski et Cassandra Collins. « A Review of Factors to Consider for Permanent Cordon Establishment and Maintenance ». Agronomy 11, n^o 9 (9 septembre 2021) : 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091811.

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Decisions made during the establishment and reworking of permanent cordon arms may have long-term consequences on vineyard health and longevity. This review aims to summarise several of the important considerations that must be taken into account during cordon establishment and maintenance. Commonly practiced cordon training techniques such as wrapping developing arms tightly around the cordon wire may result in a constriction of the vascular system, becoming worse over time and disrupting the normal flow of water and nutrients. Studies have shown that other factors of cordon decline such as the onset of vascular diseases may be influenced by pre-existing stress conditions. Such conditions could be further exacerbated by water and heat stress events, an important consideration as these scenarios become more common under the influence of climate change. Vineyard sustainability may be improved by adopting cordon training techniques which promote long-term vitality and avoid a reduction in vine defence response and the costly, premature reworking of vines.

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Serrano-Cely, Pablo Antonio, Fabio Emilio Forero-Ulloa, Johana Arango et Ángela Milena Puerto. « Pruning affects the vegetative balance of the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) ». Agronomía Colombiana 32, n^o 2 (1 mai 2014) : 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43359.

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The cultivation of grapes for the production of wine at altitudes between 2,200 and 2,600 masl started in the department of Boyacá in 1982. Quality wines are produced by the Ain Karim Vineyard in Ricaurte High. It is necessary to have wine grapes that possess suitable organoleptic compounds at harvest in order to guarantee quality grape must that can be converted into wine. For this, it is necessary to have a suitable ratio between the inflows and the outflows and to guarantee production, quality and vegetative sustainability over time, conserving the equilibrium and benefiting the productive potential of the vineyard. This study aimed to evaluate the productive and vegetative balance effect in the wine grape varieties (Vitis vinífera L.) Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc in Sutamarchán-Boyacá, considering different pruning types (short, long, and mixed). A bifactorial, completely random statistical design was used. At the time of harvest, the fruit production and pruned wood were evaluated. The long-pruned vines presented the best behavior and the most balanced inflow/outflow ratio, while Sauvignon Blanc demonstrated a better productive yield. Meanwhile, the short and mixed prunings presented the better values for the ravaz index, indicating that they are more suitable for the conditions of the region, allowing for sustainability during the productive cycles of the wine grapes.

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Schoof, Nicolas, Anita Kirmer, Jakob Hörl, Rainer Luick, Sabine Tischew, Michael Breuer, Frank Fischer, Sandra Müller et Vivien von Königslöw. « Sheep in the Vineyard : First Insights into a New Integrated Crop–Livestock System in Central Europe ». Sustainability 13, n^o 22 (9 novembre 2021) : 12340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212340.

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The multiple land use of agricultural areas is a building block for increased land use efficiency. Unlike monoculture, integrated crop–livestock systems optimally improve ecosystem services, making it an important field of research and application for adapting land use and food systems that have sustainability deficits. The integration of sheep in viticulture production is described as a promising example of an integrated crop–livestock system. While some studies of the integration of sheep into vineyards are already available for other parts of the world, there is still no research on its implementation in Central European viticulture systems. In order to fill this gap of knowledge, we conducted standardized interviews with 34 winegrowers who already graze sheep in their vineyards. The method allowed a wider overview of the implementation of the integrated crop-livestock system than would have been possible with other approaches. Furthermore, the authors kept sheep in their own vineyard for three years to evaluate the statements of the survey participants. The period during which sheep graze in vineyards is quite heterogeneous in Central Europe. Some farms use sheep only during vine dormancy; others also let sheep graze during a certain period in summer. There are also viticulture training systems where grazing is almost continuously possible. In Central Europe, summer grazing normally requires operational adjustments such as lifting the wires of the training system and branches of the vine; otherwise, the vines could be damaged. This option seems to be tailored to the training system in use. Some interviewees mentioned that sheep not only use the accompanying vegetation as fodder and therefore control the undervine growth, but in some cases, they were also able to replace other work processes, such as defoliating the grape zone or cleaning undesired vine shoots near the ground. However, a high additional workload due to livestock keeping was also mentioned by some survey participants. Some of the interviewees cooperate with shepherds, which could help to solve this challenge. Finally, we summarize possible opportunities and risks of this integrated crop–livestock system. Integrating sheep in vineyards seems to be quite feasible in the period of vine dormancy, whereas more information and considerably more effort is needed to integrate sheep during the vegetation period. Further research is needed to answer open questions especially for the necessary adaptions of the common vine training system or the implementation of alternative systems more suitable to combine with livestock keeping. Some practitioners found opportunities to merchandize the use of sheep in wine sales. This potentially unique selling point could be a solution for a broader consideration of sheep in vineyards.

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Silbernagel, Janet, et William G. Hendrix. « Sunburn on the Vineyard : Terroir and the Sustainability of Juice Grapes in an Arid Climate ». International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 1, n^o 2 (janvier 2003) : 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2003.0109.

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Giorio, Chiara, Sarah Pizzini, Enrico Marchiori, Rossano Piazza, Stefano Grigolato, Michela Zanetti, Raffaele Cavalli et al. « Sustainability of using vineyard pruning residues as an energy source : Combustion performances and environmental impact ». Fuel 243 (mai 2019) : 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.128.

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