Bibliographies thématiques / Vertically aligned mode

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Vertically aligned mode »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 18 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Vertically aligned mode"

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Li, Shuang Cui, et Chun Cheng Hao. « The Growth Mode of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers ». Advanced Materials Research 465 (février 2012) : 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.465.28.

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Very dense and vertically aligned carbon nanofibers were synthesized using a CVD at the temperature of 350°C. A high density of catalytic particles, which are necessary for the growth of vertically aligned nanofibers, were prepared by direct current sputtering method. In our experiment, the sphere-shaped copper nanoparticles were deposited on silicon substrate, and then these nanoparticles catalyzed the growth of carbon fibers using acetylene as carbon source in hydrogen atmosphere. The growth of vertically aligned nanofibers showed that each copper catalyst particle grow two linear carbon nanofibers, along the vertical direction respectively.
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Konovalov, V. A., A. A. Muravski, C. N. Timofeev et S. Ye Yakovenko. « 44.2L : Multi-Domain Vertically Aligned Mode ». SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 29, no 1 (1998) : 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.1833685.

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Tsung, Jieh-Wen, Tien-Lun Ting et Wen-Hao Hsu. « Free energy in vertically aligned liquid crystal mode ». Liquid Crystals 45, no 1 (2 mars 2017) : 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2017.1297502.

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Jhun, Chul Gyu, et Jin Seog Gwag. « Improved Vertically-Aligned Nematic Mode for High Performance Displays ». Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 18, no 6 (25 décembre 2014) : 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2014.18.6.783.

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Chen, Mei, Xingwu Chen, Qi Song, Dongze Li, Tsung-Lung Chang, Xin Zhang, Hu Dou et Hong Meng. « The Optical Design Principle of Twisted-Vertically Aligned Mode LCD ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 571 (26 novembre 2020) : 012156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/571/1/012156.

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Son, Phil Kook, Min Soo Park, Jin Hyuk Kwon, Jonghoon Yi, Chul Gyu Jhun et Jin Seog Gwag. « Mixed Field Controlled-Vertically Aligned Nematic Mode with High Transmittance ». Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 543, no 1 (30 juin 2011) : 200/[966]—207/[973]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2011.569526.

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Lee, Seo Hern, Tae-Hoon Yoon et Jae Chang Kim. « Transflective liquid-crystal display using low-twisted vertically aligned mode ». Optics Letters 31, no 14 (15 juillet 2006) : 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.002196.

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Zide, Amy N., Stephen C. Jones, Alan S. Litsky et Nina R. Kieves. « A Cadaveric Evaluation of Pin and Tension Band Configuration Strength for Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Fixation ». Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 33, no 01 (30 août 2019) : 009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693968.

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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the load at failure and mode of failure of four constructs used to stabilize a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, including two vertically aligned pins (V), two horizontally aligned pins (H), two vertically aligned pins with a tension band wire (V-TB) and two horizontally aligned pins with a tension band wire (H-TB). Study Design Eighteen pairs of cadaveric tibiae were randomized to receive a TB or no TB. One limb was randomized to be in the H or V group. The contralateral limb was then assigned to the opposite configuration. One pair of limbs was used as a control. A tensile force was applied to the patellar ligament until construct failure. Results There was no significant difference between the mean load at failure of the H (595 N) and V (556 N) groups or between H-TB (1032 N) and V-TB groups (1034 N) (p = 0.487 and p = 0.238, respectively). The TB constructs were significantly stronger than the pin only constructs (p < 0.001). The mode of failure was similar for the pin only constructs, regardless of pin orientation. The TB constructs and control tibias failed at similar loads, most commonly by patellar ligament rupture. Conclusion The use of vertically aligned pins versus horizontally aligned pins does not affect construct strength. These results support the placement of pins in a vertically or horizontally aligned fashion. When performing a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, the addition of a TB adds significant strength to the construct.
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Syed, Ishtiaque M., Sarabjot Kaur, Harry E. Milton, Devesh Mistry, James Bailey, Philip B. Morgan, J. Cliff Jones et Helen F. Gleeson. « Novel switching mode in a vertically aligned liquid crystal contact lens ». Optics Express 23, no 8 (9 avril 2015) : 9911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.009911.

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Tien-Lun Ting, Cho-Yan Chen, Sau-Wen Tsao, Mei-Ju Lu, Yen-Ying Kung, Wen-Hao Hsu et Jenn-Jia Su. « Vertically Aligned In-Plane-Switching LCD Mode With Novel Pixel Circuits ». Journal of Display Technology 9, no 10 (octobre 2013) : 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jdt.2013.2262259.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Vertically aligned mode"

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Dasgupta, Prajnamita. « Development of Liquid Crystalline Materials for application in vertically aligned mode liquid crystal displays ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1523.

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Ebeling, Geoffrey F. (Geoffrey Foster) 1981. « Macro scale physical model of nanoindentation on vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32820.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
Currently the process of nanoindentation is being explored as a reliable means of determining the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the constituent tubes of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) forests. Under indentation, each CNT can be modeled as a cantilevered beam subjected to deflection from the penetration of the indenter. The resistance to indentation is the result of the cumulative bending of the VACNTs. Using beam theory, the effective bending stiffness is determined by fitting the mechanical model to the indentation force-penetration curves. In order to validate the process of nanoindentation as a means of determining the elastic modulus of CNTs, a macro scale physical model was built using cylindrical rods of a known material and used to help explain some of the interactions of the tubes and indenter. Two models and two indenters were built to explore these effects and how they changed between models and indenters. The models demonstrated that for the indenter with a low face angle, the process was rather accurate with corresponding errors of 7% and 15%. When using a flatter indenter on both models, particularly the model with the higher areal density of tubes, demonstrated the inaccuracy of the process as a means for determining the elastic modulus of the material. Such a result was due to abnormal spikes in the data that were observable and attributed to tube interaction with the edge of the indenter. The process of indentation is reliable when the aberrations are minimal or are identifiable in the indentation force versus indentation depth curves and thus can be easily discounted. The process of scratching was also explored. For scratching the indenter is fixed at a certain indentation height and the tube forest
(cont.) is then horizontally displaced and thus further deflects the tubes. The tubes enter three phases of contact, which subsequently affect the behavior of the scratching force versus distance curves. The macro scale model was used to validate the predicted behavior of CNTs. In general the scratching data supported the behavior of a three phase interaction between the tubes and indenter and the subsequent curves. For more accurate results and numerical comparisons, the forests need to be displaced using a constant speed linear stage and measured against distance.
by Geoffrey F. Ebeling.
S.B.
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Stein, Félix. « SPICE Modeling of TeraHertz Heterojunction bipolar transistors ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0281/document.

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Les études qui seront présentées dans le cadre de cette thèse portent sur le développement et l’optimisation des techniques pour la modélisation compacte des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction (TBH). Ce type de modélisation est à la base du développement des bibliothèques de composants qu’utilisent les concepteurs lors de la phase de simulation des circuits intégrés. Le but d’une technologie BiCMOS est de pouvoir combiner deux procédés technologiques différents sur une seule et même puce. En plus de limiter le nombre de composants externes, cela permet également une meilleure gestion de la consommation dans les différents blocs digitaux, analogiques et RF. Les applications dites rapides peuvent ainsi profiter du meilleur des composants bipolaires et des transistors CMOS. Le défi est d’autant plus critique dans le cas des applications analogiques/RF puisqu’il est nécessaire de diminuer la puissance consommée tout en maintenant des fréquences de fonctionnement des transistors très élevées. Disposer de modèles compacts précis des transistors utilisés est donc primordial lors de la conception des circuits utilisés pour les applications analogiques et mixtes. Cette précision implique une étude sur un large domaine de tensions d’utilisation et de températures de fonctionnement. De plus, en allant vers des nœuds technologiques de plus en plus avancés, des nouveaux effets physiques se manifestent et doivent être pris en compte dans les équations du modèle. Les règles d’échelle des technologies plus matures doivent ainsi être réexaminées en se basant sur la physique du dispositif. Cette thèse a pour but d’évaluer la faisabilité d’une offre de modèle compact dédiée à la technologie avancée SiGe TBH de chez ST Microelectronics. Le modèle du transistor bipolaire SiGe TBH est présenté en se basant sur le modèle compact récent HICUMversion L2.3x. Grâce aux lois d’échelle introduites et basées sur le dessin même des dimensions du transistor, une simulation précise du comportement électrique et thermique a pu être démontrée.Ceci a été rendu possible grâce à l’utilisation et à l’amélioration des routines et méthodes d’extraction des paramètres du modèle. C’est particulièrement le cas pour la détermination des éléments parasites extrinsèques (résistances et capacités) ainsi que celle du transistor intrinsèque. Finalement, les différentes étapes d’extraction et les méthodes sont présentées, et ont été vérifiées par l’extraction de bibliothèques SPICE sur le TBH NPN Haute-Vitesse de la technologie BiCMOS avancée du noeud 55nm, avec des fréquences de fonctionnement atteignant 320/370GHz de fT = fmax
The aim of BiCMOS technology is to combine two different process technologies intoa single chip, reducing the number of external components and optimizing power consumptionfor RF, analog and digital parts in one single package. Given the respectivestrengths of HBT and CMOS devices, especially high speed applications benefit fromadvanced BiCMOS processes, that integrate two different technologies.For analog mixed-signal RF and microwave circuitry, the push towards lower powerand higher speed imposes requirements and presents challenges not faced by digitalcircuit designs. Accurate compact device models, predicting device behaviour undera variety of bias as well as ambient temperatures, are crucial for the development oflarge scale circuits and create advanced designs with first-pass success.As technology advances, these models have to cover an increasing number of physicaleffects and model equations have to be continuously re-evaluated and adapted. Likewiseprocess scaling has to be verified and reflected by scaling laws, which are closelyrelated to device physics.This thesis examines the suitability of the model formulation for applicability to production-ready SiGe HBT processes. A derivation of the most recent model formulationimplemented in HICUM version L2.3x, is followed by simulation studies, whichconfirm their agreement with electrical characteristics of high-speed devices. Thefundamental geometry scaling laws, as implemented in the custom-developed modellibrary, are described in detail with a strong link to the specific device architecture.In order to correctly determine the respective model parameters, newly developed andexisting extraction routines have been exercised with recent HBT technology generationsand benchmarked by means of numerical device simulation, where applicable.Especially the extraction of extrinsic elements such as series resistances and parasiticcapacitances were improved along with the substrate network.The extraction steps and methods required to obtain a fully scalable model library wereexercised and presented using measured data from a recent industry-leading 55nmSiGe BiCMOS process, reaching switching speeds in excess of 300GHz. Finally theextracted model card was verified for the respective technology
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Hsu, Chih-Wei, et 許智崴. « Vertically-Aligned Fringe Field Switching Liquid Crystal Mode for Device Applications ». Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wtm3p6.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
107
Fast response time is significant for LCD because it can avoid unwanted motion blur. Based on VA-FFS (vertically-aligned fringe field switching ) mode, which features fast response time, we continue to study other factors that can affect response time. The relation of switching mechanism and response time in VA-FFS mode has been studied in this thesis. The result shows that negative LC is slower than positive LC in VA-FFS mode, due to its special molecule behavior in vertical fields and the lower density of virtual walls in the LC cell. We name this molecule behavior of negative LC as the “two-step process”, owing to the feature that negative LC will begin the rotation in some regions, and then the others. The root cause is that “hesitant LC molecules” without clear falling direction would be waiting for those with determined directions to guide them. Negative LC still has an advantage in VA-FFS mode, which is higher transmittance, although it means less disclinations that can be used as virtual wall for faster fall time. The comparison between 2D and 3D electrodes has also been discussed. We find that 3D electrode can restrict the rotating directions of LC molecules to achieve faster rise time. In other words, there are less “hesitant LC”. This is especially obvious for negative LC. Another reason why 3D electrode using negative LC is faster is that in 2D pattern, all negative LC molecules are allowed to fully rotate, which extends the overall rise time. However, in 3D pattern, parts of the negative LC molecules could not fully rotate due to equal distribution of electric fields in all directions. Finally, we find that positive LC in 3D electrode is most competitive for fast response time device, but it has much lower transmittance than negative LC does. Therefore, we use three methods to improve its transmittance: DFFS, DFFS with 3-level electrode design, and protrusion. Eventually, we can improve transmittance by 10-15%.
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Yui-Hung, Wu. « Single-Cell-Gap Transflective TFT-LCDs based on Vertically-Aligned LC mode ». 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0407200613142600.

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Wu, Yui-Hung, et 吳岳鴻. « Single-Cell-Gap Transflective TFT-LCDs based on Vertically-Aligned LC mode ». Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12741227217944074206.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
94
Our goal is to develop Single Cell Gap Transflective TFT-LCDs based on VA-Alignment modes. Transflective TFT-LCDs are more and more important with the increasing need of portable devices such as digital cameras, PDA, Laptops, and cell phones. Most portable devices use Double Cell Gap Transflective TFT-LCDs for displaying nowadays. Compared with Double Cell Gap Transflective TFT-LCDs, Single Cell Gap Transflective TFT-LCDs have several advantages such as higher yield, lower cost, and simpler manufacturing. So, we will try to design different structures for Transmittance Part and Reflective Part, respectively, on the premise that the cell gaps are the same and the alignment is vertical to match T-V curve (Transmittance versus Voltage curve) and R-V curve (Reflectance versus Voltage curve). We also use Vertically-Aligned LCs because we can achieve high CR and wider-viewing angle property, easily. Therefore, we will design different electrode pattern for Transmittance Part and Reflective Part in PVA mode (Patterned Electrode Vertical-Alignment mode) to match T-V curve and R-V curve. In addition, we try different width, height, or dielectric constant of protrusions and different spaces between protrusions with suitable cell gap for Transmittance part and Reflective Part in MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode. Also, we will try VA-IPS mode (Vertical-Alignment-In-Plane-Switching mode). We can try different widths of electrode and different spaces between electrodes with suitable thicknesses of cell gap and dielectric layers. We can try the electrode pattern used in FFS mode (Fringe Field Switching), too. In the meantime, we will discuss some properties such as twist phenomenon, contrast ratio, RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) dispersion, and steady issue in our models.
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Chang, Jun-Ren, et 張俊仁. « Photo-alignment for a Multi-Domain Vertically Aligned Mode Liquid Crystal Cell ». Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/886f7g.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
光電工程系所
93
The technology of multi-domain vertical alignment owns many advantages like high contrast ratio and wide viewing angle. The present technology of multi-domain vertical alignment manufactures bumps to control the alignment of liquid crystal and has the shortcoming of asynchronous liquid crystal alignment. In this thesis, an improved technology of multi-domain vertical alignment is presented. The technology of polymer-stabilized alignment is employed to manufacture the LC cell and then the optical and electrical characteristics of the LC cell are measured. We use the mixture of monomer and liquid crystal, illuminated with ultraviolet to form the polymer network which can control the alignment of liquid crystal molecules. In UV illumination process, a curing voltage Vuv is applied on the mixture to make the liquid crystal with pretilt angle. In summary we succeed in: (1) Controlling the pretilt angle of liquid crystal by applied voltage. (2) Making a better liquid crystal alignment by forming polymer network. (3) The optimum parameter 1wt% when Vuv=8.5 V and 0.5wt% when Vuv=8.5 V are obtained. (4) The improved LC cell of multi-domain vertical alignment can shorten the response time of liquid crystal. (5) The factories only need to mix little monomers to improve the characteristic of LC cell without changing the manufacturing processes.
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Chen, Chien-Wen, et 陳建文. « Electro-Optical Characteristics and Morphology Analysis of the Polymer-Sustained Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Mode with Photopolymerization induced Phase Separation Method ». Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30978725348441707228.

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碩士
國立交通大學
理學院應用科技學程
99
The main goal of this study is to use photo-aligment to develop a method for new type polymer-sustained vertical alignment of liquid crystal display device (PSVA LCD). We used the LC/photo-curable monomer phase separation technique and the vertical alignment liquid crystal (VALC) is achieved by mixing negative dielectric anisotropy (N-type) LC, five kinds of the reactive LC monomers which contain two commercial and three synthesized monomers and a photo-initiator. There are upper and lower bilayer of VA microstructure polymer film by UV irradiation, at which the phase separation is carried out, thus, the advantage is omit from protrusion and rubbing processes. Microstructure polymer films provide weak surface energy and induce vertical alignment for liquid crystal spontaneously without any surface treatment. Besides, the polymer films can also provide MVA effect with wide viewing angle and high contrast ratio. There are two main topics in this study. In the first part is to observe the comparison of five different reactive monomers for E-O characteristics and morphology. According to the result of experiment, monomer M1 is capable of fastest response time and highest contrast ratio, because uniform bead like morphology provide a good alignment ability to liquid crystal molecule. In the second part, The responses time and Vth in low gray level could be improved by adding a small amount of M3 into M1, but the contrast ratio decreases 5.3% compare with M1. In general, it is well known that the pixel structure of PSA LCD are protrusion free and higher aperture ratio compare with MVA LCD. By mixing of the M1 and M3 monomer which provided good performance and we hope to use the photo-alignment technique to manufacture excellence electro-optical characteristics and low cost of the LC devices.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Vertically aligned mode"

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Sowman, Merle, et Xavier Rebelo. « Sustainability, Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation : Building from the Bottom Up – A South African Perspective from the Small-scale Fisheries Sector ». Dans Creating Resilient Futures, 151–81. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80791-7_8.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the vulnerability context of coastal fishing communities, including the various factors that shape their capacity to cope with and adapt in the face of poverty and increasing threats associated with climate change and natural and human-induced disasters through the lens of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in South Africa. South Africa has developed a suite of policies, strategies and laws to deal with commitments to sustainable development and address and manage climate change challenges and disaster risks. These national policies, however, are not well aligned or implemented in a coordinated and integrated manner. Nor are they attuned to the realities facing local communities. This chapter reports on work in coastal communities in South Africa that reveals the lack of policy alignment and limited coordination across government departments at all levels charged with oversight responsibilities for these endeavours. Findings suggest that incorporating local knowledge into local development and sector plans, as well as into sustainable development and sector-specific policies, strategies and plans at the national level, would enhance understanding of the realities on the ground and lead to policies, strategies and plans that are more harmonised and more likely to be supported and implemented. How this knowledge gets integrated both vertically and horizontally into formal government planning and decision-making processes, however, and leads to implementation of projects and plans that yield tangible results, remains a challenge.
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Ajmal Khan, M., et Yasuaki Ishikawa. « Indium (In)-Catalyzed Silicon Nanowires (Si NWs) Grown by the Vapor–Liquid–Solid (VLS) Mode for Nanoscale Device Applications ». Dans Nanowires - Recent Progress. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97723.

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Stacking fault free and planar defects (twin plane) free catalyzed Si nanowires (Si NWs) is essential for the carrier transport in the nanoscale devices applications. In this chapter, In-catalyzed, vertically aligned and cone-shaped Si NWs arrays were grown by using vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mode on Si (111) substrates. We have successfully controlled the verticality and (111)-orientation of Si NWs as well as scaled down the diameter to 18 nm. The density of Si NWs was also enhanced from 2.5 μm−2 to 70 μm−2. Such vertically aligned, (111)-oriented p-type Si NWs are very important for the nanoscale device applications including Si NWs/c-Si tandem solar cells and p-Si NWs/n-InGaZnO Heterojunction LEDs. Next, the influence of substrate growth temperature (TS), cooling rate (∆TS/∆𝑡) on the formation of planar defects, twining along [112] direction and stacking fault in Si NWs perpendicular to (111)-orientation were deeply investigated. Finally, one simple model was proposed to explain the formation of stacking fault, twining of planar defects in perpendicular direction to the axial growth direction of Si NWs. When the TS was decreased from 600°C with the cooling rate of 100°C/240 sec to room temperature (RT) after Si NWs growth then the twin planar defects perpendicular to the substrate and along different segments of (111)-oriented Si NWs were observed.
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Elcott, Noam M. « Material. Human. Divine. Notes on the Vertical Screen ». Dans Screen Genealogies. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland : Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729000_ch11.

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Taking cues from architecture, painting, and experimental cinema, Noam Elcott maps three distinct paradigms for the format of the vertical screen. Portraiture—the erect human figure or face—may be understood as the eponymous and paradigmatic form of this vertical format. Vertical screens also align with the celluloid strips that run vertically through nearly all projectors, whose properties were interrogated by postwar avant-gardes and have taken on renewed urgency in light of celluloid’s impending obsolescence. Finally, the luminous verticality of stained glass windows helped define the Gothic order, which provided a model for avant-garde experiments in light and space for a century or more, and which have suddenly returned to centre stage in contemporary art. Elcott’s three distinct paradigms map a centuries-long encounter with vertical screens that resonate unexpectedly yet unambiguously in the present.
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Bousquette, Joshua. « The Great Change in Midwestern agriculture ». Dans The Verticalization Model of Language Shift, 52–84. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864639.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter builds on research that aligns changes in the organization and orientation of social structures with the process of language shift, focusing particularly on the relationship between specialization of labor and language shift. I show that the verticalization of the labor force through increased job specialization both affects the social networks of heritage language speakers, bringing them in greater contact with English speakers and English-speaking domains, and increases the community-external orientation of the community through an increase in vertical ties to the broader, English-speaking community. Supported by a comparative study of labor and reported and self-reported language proficiency in four Wisconsin communities over time, I argue that the shift in social structure predates the shift in language proficiency. Furthermore, I argue for a localized, inchoate process of verticalization, as rural farming communities increase job specialization and external orientation through the creation of secondary, agricultural industry.
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Kallio, Ulla, Thomas Klügel, Simo Marila, Swetlana Mähler, Markku Poutanen, Timo Saari, Torben Schüler et Heli Suurmäki. « Datum Problem Handling in Local Tie Surveys at Wettzell and Metsähovi ». Dans International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2022_155.

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AbstractThe datum problem is a fundamental issue in the network adjustment when connecting a local measurement network to an external reference frame. Datum elements in 3D networks are scale, translation, and orientation. We consider here the local tie network at geodetic core stations, where the external reference frame is the latest ITRF realization, ITRF2014, in the mean epoch of terrestrial observations.Accurate distance measurements are used for the determination of the network scale. Thus the improvement of its accuracy and the inclusion of weather measurements to account for refraction errors are essential. For rotation and translation of the network, we need external information. Angle observations are related to the coordinate system of the instrument (e.g. a tachymeter) which is usually aligned to the plumb line. Instruments have different vertical orientation at every station point and the direction of the plumb line does not coincide with the normal vector of the reference ellipsoid. Horizontally the observed set of angles are oriented in arbitrary or approximately oriented directions.External information which is needed for solving the absolute orientation are datum points, providing the link to the global coordinate system, and correction terms for the vertical orientation (deflection of the vertical), which can be derived from combined terrestrial/GNSS observations, from a gravity based geoid model, or from astronomical observations.In this article, we present the solutions/options for the datum problem in the framework of the EMPIR GeoMetre project using the example of the ITRF core stations Metsähovi and Wettzell using transformation-free approaches. The inclusion of distant targets is promising, since in small networks even a millimeter change in the coordinates of a datum point can significantly affect a local tie vector. It is shown that at both stations the determination of the deflection of the vertical using different techniques yield the same results within the measurement error.
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Abu-Agla, Ayat, et Elsheikh Badr. « Applying Systems Thinking to Health Workforce Development ». Dans Systems Thinking for Global Health, 39–53. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799498.003.0003.

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Abstract The health workforce is the cornerstone for health systems and pivotal for healthcare and population health improvement. In many countries and internationally, the health workforce continues to present a challenge and a target area for interventions aimed at strengthening health systems and improving health. Following decades of neglect and vertical interventions, a systems-thinking approach has started to inform health workforce development in many settings, with more frameworks aligned with systems thinking emerging. Sudan, for example, introduced a significant health workforce transformation initiative in 2001. Adopting a systems-thinking approach, this initiative resulted in tangible achievements in promoting its health workforce. This chapter sets out to reflect on the Sudan’s experience in approaching health workforce development through a systems-thinking approach. Capitalizing on secondary sources and reflecting on our first-hand experience of work within the country’s Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), we describe and analyze the course of action taken among the Sudanese health workforce over the past two decades. Specifically, we employ the World Health Organization’s “working lifespan” framework to describe interventions related to health workforce development and the lessons emerging. In addition to reflecting on these achievements, we identify the remaining challenges, and present lessons learned for health workforce strengthening in Sudan and beyond.
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Bradford, Anu. « Conclusion ». Dans Digital Empires, 360–94. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197649268.003.0011.

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Abstract The conclusion asks whether the American, the Chinese, or the European regulatory model will prevail in their horizontal battles and quest for global influence, while simultaneously examining whether the tech companies or governments will ultimately triumph in their various vertical battles. It predicts that the European rights-driven regulatory model is likely to prevail over the American market-driven model within the democratic world, while the Chinese regulatory model will limit the EU’s ability to entrench its norms and values outside of the democratic world. The EU model is also haunted by the difficulties of enforcing its regulations against powerful tech companies. In this state of the world, the US needs to decide whether to align itself more closely with the European regulatory model. If the US can be convinced that embracing the European rights-driven model will not impede innovation and compromise its technological progress, this choice to emulate the EU model will be easier to embrace. Ultimately, the most compelling argument for closer transatlantic alignment comes from a shared perception that the US and the EU both need to focus on the battle that matters the most: the battle that will be fought over the fate of liberal democracy. That battle will ultimately determine the soul of the digital economy, defining what kind of society we will live in for years and decades to come—a battle that neither the US nor the EU can afford to lose.
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Ohlson, Nils-Erik, Maria Riveiro et Jenny Bäckstrand. « Identification of Tasks to Be Supported by Machine Learning to Reduce Sales & ; Operations Planning Challenges in an Engineer-to-Order Context ». Dans Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220124.

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Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) is a process that aims to align dimensioning efforts in a company, based on one integrated plan and with clear decision milestones. The alignment is cross-functional and connects different operations functions with each other to set an overall delivery ability. There are always challenges connecting different functions in a company which most S&OP practitioners agree with, still, that is one of the things that the S&OP-process should bridge. Digital solutions such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and other more or less sophisticated tools have contributed to an improved cross functional communication over time. S&OP in an Engineer-to-order (ETO) context, especially where engineering is a major or an equal portion as e.g., make-to-stock (MTS) and make-to-order (MTO) contexts, may experience even further challenges. Technologies within Industry 4.0 are changing the way S&OP is carried out; one of the most relevant ones is Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly, Machine Learning (ML) that analyses data collected during these processes to find patterns and extract knowledge. The intent with this paper is to, based on S&OP-challenges, see if ML can be used to improve these challenges. In a brief literature review together with empiric data from a single industrial case (SIC), S&OP-challenges were defined and structured. Based on the challenges in several S&OP-sub-areas, classified into data quality, horizontal and vertical disconnects, specific tasks were specified and structured into anomaly detection, clustering and classification, and predictions. Which exact ML-method to use require further work and tests. Still, this is a good starting point to take the next step and the specified tasks could also be used for other practitioners that want to start using ML/AI in their daily activities.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Vertically aligned mode"

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Song, Yong-Won, Erik Einarsson, Shinji Yamashita et Shigeo Maruyama. « All-Fiber Passive Mode-Lockers Using Attachable Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film ». Dans OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2007.4348783.

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Ting, Tien-Lun, Cheng-Wei Lai, Yen-Ying Kung, Cho-Yan Chen, Wen-Hao Hsu et Jenn-Jia Su. « Investigation of response time of vertically aligned in-plane-switching LCD mode ». Dans SPIE OPTO, sous la direction de Liang-Chy Chien, Sin-Doo Lee et Ming Hsien Wu. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2077934.

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Inoue, Y., S. Yamashita, S. Maruyama, Y. Murakami, H. Yaguchi, T. Kotake et S. Y. Set. « Mode-locked fiber lasers using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes directly synthesized onto substrates ». Dans 2005 Optical Fiber Communications Conference Technical Digest. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2005.193130.

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Moroizumi, Hiroyuki, Shohei Chiashi, Yasuyuki Takata et Masamichi Kohno. « Water Molecule Adsorption on Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes ». Dans ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21468.

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A single walled carbon nanotube, which adsorbed water molecule in its nano channel, was observed using Raman spectroscopy, and two samples’ spectrums were compared under the same conditions. The SWNT samples that were vertically aligned on the silicon substrate were used. One of the samples was not covered by polymer whereas the other sample was covered by polymer. In our experiment, a nano channel was made using a nanosecond pulse laser (Nd:YAG laser). In order to adjust the focus, the sample was set on the automatic stage and controlled on the PC using a USB camera to watch closely. By moving the stage for over 30 seconds, the sample was processed to make the nano channel. The cell with the laser-processed sample in it was set on the Raman spectroscopy’s platform. Then, the cell was connected to the vacuum chamber and erlenmeyer flask by the valve. Both of the valves were opened first and left for a while to make the cell vacuum. Second, the vacuum chamber’s valve was closed and left for a while to let water molecule spread in the cell. Finally, the SWNT successfully adsorbed water molecule in its nano channel. Ar-ion laser was used in the Raman spectroscopy and the laser wavelength is 488nm. With the Raman spectroscopy, Radial Breathing Mode (RBM), D-band, and G-band were mainly observed. The RBM, D-band, and G-band originated from radial vibration frequency, defective structure, and graphite structure respectively. According to the sample types, the RBM spectrums were compared in our experiment.
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Chung, Tsung Lin, Wei Hou Lee, Pin Chieh Wu, Chun Yen Liao, Pei Ru Wu et Din Ping Tsai. « Optical Anapole Mode with Planar Metamaterials ». Dans JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.5p_a410_2.

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Natural toroidal molecules, such as biomolecules [1] and proteins [2], possess toroidal dipole moments that are hard to be detected, which leads to extensive studies of artificial toroidal materials. Metamaterials [3-4] are sub-wavelength artificial structures that can be specifically designed to manipulate the intensity of induced electromagnetic multidipoles. Recently, toroidal metamaterials [5-6] have been widely investigated to enhance toroidal dipole moments while the other multipoles are eliminated due to the spacial symmetry. However, to effectively excite a toroidal dipole, a specific excitation method is necessary since a closed-loop of induced magnetic dipoles in a toroidal metamaterial weakly interact with the external wave. This is a key issue that has to be carefully taken into account in existing toroidal experiments. Moreover, most of generated toroidal dipole moments are either aligned vertically to the substrate surface or embedded in a dielectric, leading to another constraint for further applications. In this paper, we present a novel design for a toroidal metamaterial with multilayered structures, which composed of a gold dumbbell-shaped aperture and a vertical split-ring resonator (VSRR). The induced toroidal dipoles show several advantages like free-standing and vertically oscillating configuration that are distinguishable from previously reported works. It is worth to mention that the non-radiating from the destructive interference from the toroidal and electric dipoles can also be generated in our proposed structures.
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Filonenko, K., L. Duggen et M. Willatzen. « Plasmon modes of vertically aligned superlattices ». Dans 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2017.8262240.

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Bendame, Mohamed, Karim Elrayes, Mohamed Mahmoud, Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman, Ehab El-Saadany et Raafat Mansour. « Vertically-Aligned Springless Energy Harvester ». Dans ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48371.

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This paper analyzes a new configuration of a recently proposed “springless” vibration energy harvester. In this study, the harvester is positioned so that its oscillations are aligned vertically acting against gravity. The MPG response is investigated experimentally. Test results show that the VEH behaves as a softening nonlinear oscillator even for small excitations. A mathematical model of the underlying impact oscillator is also derived and its parameters are estimated.
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Chen, Mingya, Fred Hilterman et Julius Doruelo. « 3D common‐offset migration on a vertically aligned fracturing model ». Dans SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2006. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370066.

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Goude, Anders, Emilia Lalander et Mats Leijon. « Influence of a Varying Vertical Velocity Profile on Turbine Efficiency for a Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine ». Dans ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79406.

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Water currents in e.g. unregulated rivers and tides are a considerable renewable energy resource. The technology needed to harness the energy in these streams has not yet matured, but research and development are ongoing. In the present paper the power coefficient of marine current turbines using vertical axis turbines is considered. When the width and height of the turbine are kept constant, the Cp-λ curve will depend mainly on the solidity. However, since all natural channels have vertical velocity variations due to friction against the sea floor, this will also affect the efficiency. The double multiple streamtube model was used to study the power coefficient as a function of solidity and vertical shear profile. Three turbine cases were studied: one turbine vertically aligned, and two horizontally aligned turbines rotating with opposite direction. The results show that the difference depends both on how much the velocity varies over the velocity profile, and on the shape of the velocity profile, where a linear profile causes a lower Cp compared to a logarithmic profile. The difference was especially prominent at low tip speed ratios for the horizontally aligned turbines with different rotational direction.
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Jia, J. Y., et W. H. Liao. « Modeling of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composites for Vibration Damping ». Dans ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87819.

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High density aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the CNT/epoxy composite are fabricated. To predict the energy dissipation in composites with vertically aligned multi-walled CNTs, a structural damping model of composite unit cell composed of resin, sheath and nanotube is developed. In this paper, the resin is described as viscoelastic material using Maxwell model. The CNT/epoxy composite is modeled based on the “stick-slip” mechanism, to describe the load transfer behavior between the CNT and its sheath. In order to further study the damping mechanism of the CNT composite, key parameters, such as length, center-to-center distance and critical stress of CNTs that are expected to affect the composite damping performances are studied. The simulation results show that loss factor of the CNT composite with varying parameters is sensitive to the applied stress.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Vertically aligned mode"

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Kamai, Tamir, Gerard Kluitenberg et Alon Ben-Gal. Development of heat-pulse sensors for measuring fluxes of water and solutes under the root zone. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604288.bard.

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The objectives defined for this study were to: (1) develop a heat-pulse sensor and a heat-transfer model for leaching measurement, and (2) conduct laboratory study of the sensor and the methodology to estimate leaching flux. In this study we investigated the feasibility for estimating leachate fluxes with a newly designed heat-pulse (HP) sensor, combining water flux density (WFD) with electrical conductivity (EC) measurements in the same sensor. Whereas previous studies used the conventional heat pulse sensor for these measurements, the focus here was to estimate WFD with a robust sensor, appropriate for field settings, having thick-walled large-diameter probes that would minimize their flexing during and after installation and reduce associated errors. The HP method for measuring WFD in one dimension is based on a three-rod arrangement, aligned in the direction of the flow (vertical for leaching). A heat pulse is released from a center rod and the temperature response is monitored with upstream (US) and downstream (DS) rods. Water moving through the soil caries heat with it, causing differences in temperature response at the US and DS locations. Appropriate theory (e.g., Ren et al., 2000) is then used to determine WFD from the differences in temperature response. In this study, we have constructed sensors with large probes and developed numerical and analytical solutions for approximating the measurement. One-dimensional flow experiments were conducted with WFD ranging between 50 and 700 cm per day. A numerical model was developed to mimic the measurements, and also served for the evaluation of the analytical solution. For estimation WFD, and analytical model was developed to approximate heat transfer in this setting. The analytical solution was based on the work of Knight et al. (2012) and Knight et al. (2016), which suggests that the finite properties of the rods can be captured to a large extent by assuming them to be cylindrical perfect conductors. We found that: (1) the sensor is sensitive for measuring WFD in the investigated range, (2) the numerical model well-represents the sensor measurement, and (2) the analytical approximation could be improved by accounting for water and heat flow divergence by the large rods.
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