Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Verres borosilicatés – Propriétés physico-chimiques »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Verres borosilicatés – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Hansen, Erik. « Étude de l'incorporation de fer, nickel et chrome dans les verres de conditionnement de déchets nucléaires ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0349.
Texte intégralThe present work focuses on the incorporation of iron oxide, nickel oxide and chromium oxide in peraluminous borosilicate glasses from the SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-CaO-Na₂O-Li₂O-La₂O₃ system. They are studied in the context of future nuclear waste conditioning. The specificity of this type of glasses (peraluminous) is a lack of modifier elements (Na₂O, CaO) compared to the amount of alumina. This study was divided in two steps. First, the incorporation of iron oxide, nickel oxide and chromium oxide added separately to the glass was conducted, in order to understand their specific impact on the glass, in terms of incorporation limit, crystalline phases above this limit, glass structure around those elements and properties (viscosity, Tg). Second, the incorporation of the three oxides at once, to get closer to the real waste glass system and to detect possible synergies between these elements. Added one by one to peraluminous glasses, iron oxide and nickel oxide display high incorporation limits in peraluminous glasses at the micro-structural level (about 17.5 and 12 wt. % respectively after quenching). However, chromium oxide has a low solubility, about 0.5 wt. %. For the structural aspect, the proportions and coordination of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in the iron oxide doped glass was quantified through Mössbauer spectroscopy, showing a large contribution of Fe³⁺(6). UV-Visible spectroscopy also allowed the determination of the valence and coordination of nickel and chromium in their respective glasses, Ni²⁺(4) and Ni²⁺(5) on the one side, Cr⁶⁺(4) and Cr³⁺(6) on the other side. In terms of their impact on the properties of the glass, it appears that the addition of each of those oxides has little impact on the Tg of the glass. However, iron and nickel oxide have a strong impact on the viscosity of the glass melts, an increase in their amounts in the glass leading to a strong fludisation of the melt. The addition of chromium oxide, limited to a short range [0.0; 2.0] wt. %, has a negligible effect on the glass viscosity. When iron oxide, nickel oxide and chromium oxide are added together to peraluminous glasses, it appears that their behavior regarding crystallization is close to that of chromium oxide, with a low solubility limit mainly determined by the chromium oxide content. The crystalline phases appearing above this limit are also similar to those already identified in chromium doped glasses. In some glasses less rich in chromium oxide, a second crystalline phase is observed, spinel-like (Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺)(Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺)₂O₄. When they are added together and in a more narrow range , the effect on viscosity of those oxides is only slight, without any noteworthy synergies. The long-term behavior of those glass was also studied (V₀, VR). It appears that their behavior during water alteration is very close, whether they are homogeneous glasses below the Fe, Ni, Cr solubility limit , or glasses presenting with crystallization above it
Péruchon, Laure. « Caractérisations des propriétés photocatalytiques des verres autonettoyants - corrélation entre paramètres physico-chimiques et activité photocatalytique ». Lyon 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453175.
Texte intégralGlass is widely used material and especially in constructions. Since 2001, self-cleaning glasses have been launched on the European market. These glasses are based on the photocatalytic property of a submicronic layer of TiO2 deposited on their surface. Under UV-irradiation, TiO2 reacts with the oxygen and water molecules present in the atmosphere to produce free radicals. These radicals are able to degrade organic stains adsorbed on the glass surface. The present work is aimed at a better understanding of the interactions between TiO2 layer and real stains, as well as the photocatalytic physicochemical mechanisms implicated. The influence of different parameters on the self-cleaning glass efficiency has been studied. The photocatalytic degradation of different pollutant families was followed to correlate the nature of the organic compounds to their degradability
Cochard, Jean-Patrick. « Influence de la formulation sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et la cristallisation de verres d'aluminosilicates ». Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066689.
Texte intégralDuring this thesis we studied the dependence of the crystallization at high degree of supercooling and the sintering of peralcaline melts of the system SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O on the nature and concentration of alkalis (Na and K) and alkaline earths (Ca and Mg), and also on the addition of nucleating agents (Cr, Ti, Zr). For most compositions, crystallization takes place at the surface and the first phase to precipitate is a nepheline. NanoSIMS and DRX analyses demonstrate that these crystals get enriched in potassium upon heating, the low of this ion at the lowest temperature is due to its stabilization in the residual liquid as it acts as a charge compensator of Al3+ in tetrahedral coordination. For this reason, upper K2O contents of the initial glass composition lead to a decrease of the kinetics of crystallization. Sintering mainly depends on liquid viscosity but also on the kinetic of crystallization and surface tension, so that it presents mixed alkali (Na/K) and mixed alkaline earth (Ca/Mg) effects. The addition of ZrO2+TiO2 = 4 mol% leads to volume crystallization of a nanometric (40 nm) mixed oxide (containing Mg, Zr, Ti) at low temperature. This early crystallization contributes to increase strongly the viscosity of sample and thus, to shift sintering to higher temperatures. Disregarding other relevant industrial parameters, it would be beneficial to increase highly the MgO, K2O and ZrO2+TiO2 concentrations in order to optimize the high-temperature stability of glass wool or this range of composition
Lin, Changgui. « Cristallisation contrôlée et propriétés physico-chimiques de vitrocéramiques de chalcogénure à base de GeS₂ ». Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S053.
Texte intégralThe crystallization behavior and related physicochemical properties of nontoxic GeS₂-based chalcogenide glasses were focused on with the addition of Ga₂S₃ and MX (Ag₂S, LiI, and CsCl) components. In this study, clear SHG was observed in β-GeS₂ crystallized glasses. Then, series of glass-ceramics with improved physiochemical properties were obtained by controllable crystallization of GeS₂-Ga₂S₃ glasses. The well-crystallized samples of 65GeS₂·25Ga₂S₃·10LiI glass present clear SHG phenomena and enhanced ionic conductivity. Based on the glass-forming region, phase transformation was determined in GeS₂-Ga2S₃-CsCl system. Subsequent to the knowledge of nucleation-rate-like curve, a set of reproducible glass-ceramics with high transparency in the mid-IR region were obtained. Structural dependence on these resultant attractive properties was investigated in detail by employing various techniques, such as DSC, SEM, Raman scattering, and solid state NMR
Basrour, Skandar. « Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des alliages amorphes de SiGe:H déposés par PECVD ». Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10072.
Texte intégralShi, Feng. « Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces microstructurées : application à la fabrication de verres organiques ophtalmiques digitaux ». Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7683/1/shi.pdf.
Texte intégralBigault, de Granrut Aurore de. « Archéo-atmosphères terrestres : la mémoire des verres archéologiques, propriétés physico-chimiques, vésicules, gaz majeurs et gaz rares ». Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=1a820cb6-aeaf-48c3-b75d-f522ee312758.
Texte intégralThe atmospheric components of past climatic changes are often constrained from ice records of polar ice sheets. In this study, we propose an alternative method based on analyses of atmospheric gases trapped in bubbles of archaeological glasses from the Western Europe and dated between the Ist century BC and the present. Indeed, during the shaping of ancient glasses, bubbles are created in glass paste (melting and glass-paste degassing), or from the step of glass working in open air, where the surrounding atmosphere could be trapped. In first time, our geochemical approach evidences the evolution in time of physical and chemical properties of archaeological glasses, linked with evolution of glassmaking processes. In second time, the study of VSD of these glasses show a bimodal size bubbles distribution in flat glasses and an unimodal in the other kind of glasses. Geochemical analyses of major gases included in bubbles in flat glasses, show a chemical dichotomy between two groups of bubbles, independent of chemical composition of glass paste. The smallest bubbles are exclusively composed of CO2, whereas the largest are rich in N2 (~80%), poor in CO2 (~15%), contained Ar (~1%), and sometimes O2, like-looking of an modified atmospheric composition. The excess of CO2 could be explained by mixing between atmospheric trapped gases and furnace/combustion gases, and/or chemical reaction with particular soots (observed by SEM). So, a discrimination between the contaminants and ancient atmospheric gases could be proposed using isotopic measurements of insert species like noble gases. The archaeological glasses could appears like a new complex source of archeo-climatic recording
Ducel, Jean-François. « Nouveaux verres borophosphates de sodium et de calcium. Corrélation structure-propriétés physico-chimiques. Application dans le domaine biomédical ». Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134062.
Texte intégralDucel, Jean-François. « Nouveaux verres borophosphatés de sodium et de calcium : corrélation structure-propriétés physico-chimiques : application dans le domaine biomédical ». Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10554.
Texte intégralBakkali, Aouatif. « Propriétés physico-chimiques de verres hybrides organiques/minéraux : Etude spectrométrique Raman et infrarouge du système (TMOS-TMSM-MMA) ». Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0041.
Texte intégralHybrid organic-inorganic, TMSM based materials adding the physical properties of both polymers and ceramics are new materials made of an inorganic "network", of Si-O-Si type and organic chains of metacrylate type. The preparation of such materials have been made possible by association of sol-gel processes to polymerization techniques. In the work presented here, the preparation of a hybrid glass has been studied in order to give the glass specific properties, namely to form covering films. The synthesis of this material needs three monomers: an organo-silane, a macro-organo-silane containing metacrylate function and a metacrylate (TMOS, TMSM, MMA). In order to investigate the behavior of the chemical reactions involved in the preparation process, a systematic study of each constituent of the material and their mixtures has been developed by means of vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and Infrared), RMN and Small Angle X Spectrometry (SAXS). Correlating the results obtained from these different techniques have helped characterize the physico-chemical properties of the hybrid glass. During synthesis gel formation and radical polyaddition compete. Thermal treatments at 80°C and/or 160°C help evaporate the solvents and lead to completed reactions. In the study, a kinetic model for thy hydrolysis and condensation reactions concerning alcoxysilanes has been established. The very structure of the final hybrid glass has been determined and a model of its microstructure has been proposed