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Laconte, Johann, Abderrahim Kasmi, Romuald Aufrère, Maxime Vaidis et Roland Chapuis. « A Survey of Localization Methods for Autonomous Vehicles in Highway Scenarios ». Sensors 22, no 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010247.
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In the context of autonomous vehicles on highways, one of the first and most important tasks is to localize the vehicle on the road. For this purpose, the vehicle needs to be able to take into account the information from several sensors and fuse them with data coming from road maps. The localization problem on highways can be distilled into three main components. The first one consists of inferring on which road the vehicle is currently traveling. Indeed, Global Navigation Satellite Systems are not precise enough to deduce this information by themselves, and thus a filtering step is needed. The second component consists of estimating the vehicle’s position in its lane. Finally, the third and last one aims at assessing on which lane the vehicle is currently driving. These two last components are mandatory for safe driving as actions such as overtaking a vehicle require precise information about the current localization of the vehicle. In this survey, we introduce a taxonomy of the localization methods for autonomous vehicles in highway scenarios. We present each main component of the localization process, and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the associated state-of-the-art methods.
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Lipman, Timothy E., et Petra Maier. « Advanced materials supply considerations for electric vehicle applications ». MRS Bulletin 46, no 12 (décembre 2021) : 1164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43577-022-00263-z.
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AbstractElectric vehicles are now proliferating based on technologies and components that in turn rely on the use of strategic materials and mineral resources. This review article discusses critical materials considerations for electric drive vehicles, focusing on the underlying component technologies and materials. These mainly include materials for advanced batteries, motors and electronics, lightweight structures, and other components specific to each vehicle type. Particularly strategic and widely used minerals and elements/structures for electric vehicles include nickel, cobalt, rare-earth minerals, lightweight and high strength steel alloys and underlying metals (e.g., magnesium and aluminum), carbon fiber, graphite and graphene, copper, and steel alloying materials. Additional key considerations include those around component and vehicle supply chains, repurposing and recycling vehicle components at end of vehicle life, and environmental and humanitarian considerations around the extraction and transport of the evolving set of materials needed for modern electric vehicle production. Graphical abstract
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Mallouk, Issam, Badr Abou El Majd et Yves Sallez. « Optimization of the maintenance planning of a multi-component system ». MATEC Web of Conferences 200 (2018) : 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820000011.
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The vehicle’s maintenance costs, uptime and security are the most important goals for owners and transport companies, but these goals are conflictual and the major cause for delays is related to the maintenance policies. The main objective of transporters is to respond properly to their customer’s demands. In order to deal with this competitiveness, transport companies are working to improve the management of their fleets by focusing in particular on vehicle maintenance, which impact the vehicles uptime, and generate the most important cost. In addition, a vehicle maintenance policy aims to avoid failures and keep the vehicle up and safe. This objective is reached by ensuring a high reliability; otherwise, an unexpected failure of a component can cause vehicle down and can affect the entire sub-system while generating costs. In this paper, we propose a new maintenance policy based on multi-objective optimization. This problem is solved using the Speed-Constrained Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (SMPSO) for an instance of 18 components and 20 vehicles. First, we give an overview of the existing techniques used for vehicle’s maintenance policy, then we present the mathematical model that describes the cost of maintenance and the level of safety. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
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Udo Sass, A., E. Esatbeyoglu et T. Iwwerks. « Signal Pre-Selection for Monitoring and Prediction of Vehicle Powertrain Component Aging ». Science & ; Technique 18, no 6 (5 décembre 2019) : 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-6-519-524.
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Predictive maintenance has become important for avoiding unplanned downtime of modern vehicles. With increasing functionality the exchanged data between Electronic Control Units (ECU) grows simultaneously rapidly. A large number of in-vehicle signals are provided for monitoring an aging process. Various components of a vehicle age due to their usage. This component aging is only visible in a certain number of in-vehicle signals. In this work, we present a signal selection method for in-vehicle signals in order to determine relevant signals to monitor and predict powertrain component aging of vehicles. Our application considers the aging of powertrain components with respect to clogging of structural components. We measure the component aging process in certain time intervals. Owing to this, unevenly spaced time series data is preprocessed to generate comparable in-vehicle data. First, we aggregate the data in certain intervals. Thus, the dynamic in-vehicle database is reduced which enables us to analyze the signals more efficiently. Secondly, we implement machine learning algorithms to generate a digital model of the measured aging process. With the help of Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) the model gets interpretable. This allows us to extract the most relevant signals and to reduce the amount of processed data. Our results show that a certain number of in-vehicle signals are sufficient for predicting the aging process of the considered structural component. Consequently, our approach allows to reduce data transmission of in-vehicle signals with the goal of predictive maintenance.
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Wolff, Sebastian, Moritz Seidenfus, Karim Gordon, Sergio Álvarez, Svenja Kalt et Markus Lienkamp. « Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production ». Sustainability 12, no 13 (3 juillet 2020) : 5396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135396.
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The transportation sector needs to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. European manufacturers in particular must develop new vehicles and powertrains to comply with recent regulations and avoid fines for exceeding C O 2 emissions. To answer the question regarding which powertrain concept provides the best option to lower the environmental impacts, it is necessary to evaluate all vehicle life-cycle phases. Different system boundaries and scopes of the current state of science complicate a holistic impact assessment. This paper presents a scaleable life-cycle inventory (LCI) for heavy-duty trucks and powertrains components. We combine primary and secondary data to compile a component-based inventory and apply it to internal combustion engine (ICE), hybrid and battery electric vehicles (BEV). The vehicles are configured with regard to their powertrain topology and the components are scaled according to weight models. The resulting material compositions are modeled with LCA software to obtain global warming potential and primary energy demand. Especially for BEV, decisions in product development strongly influence the vehicle’s environmental impact. Our results show that the lithium-ion battery must be considered the most critical component for electrified powertrain concepts. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of considering the vehicle production phase.
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Vu-Quoc, L., et M. Olsson. « High-Speed Vehicle Models Based on a New Concept of Vehicle/Structure Interaction Component : Part I—Formulation ». Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no 1 (1 mars 1993) : 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897389.
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High-speed vehicle/structure models constructed based on a new formulation of dynamic interaction between high-speed vehicles and flexible guideways are presented. A basic vehicle/structure interaction model forms a basic building block of complex vehicle/structure models in which lumped-parameter sub-components of the vehicle component (e.g., suspended masses with springs and dashpots) are assembled onto the basic vehicle/structure interaction component. A vertical and an inclined vehicle models are formulated. These vehicle models can serve as yet more advanced building-block models in the hierarchical construction of complex vehicle/structure models. The inclined vehicle model can be used to study the effects of braking of high-speed vehicles of flexible guideways. Fully nonlinear equations of motion of both models are given. Upon introducing approximations to the nonlinear kinematics, mildly nonlinear equations with an unusual mathematical structure are consistently derived. These equations are appropriate for use under realistic working conditions of the system, and are particularly amenable for numerical treatment using a recently proposed class of predictor/corrector algorithms.
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Nicoletti, Lorenzo, Peter Köhler, Adrian König, Maximilian Heinrich et Markus Lienkamp. « PARAMETRIC MODELLING OF WEIGHT AND VOLUME EFFECTS IN BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES, WITH FOCUS ON THE GEARBOX ». Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27 juillet 2021) : 2389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.500.
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AbstractThe modeling of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) still represents a challenge for vehicle manufacturers. The installation of the new types of components needed for BEVs gives rise to uncertainties in the quantification of parameters like the vehicle's weight. Indeed, vehicle weight plays a key role, since it has a drastic effect on the vehicle's range, which is an important selling point for BEVs. Uncertainties in weight estimation create weight fluctuations during the early development phase and the need to resize components like the electric machine or battery. This in turn affects the components' volume and weight. However, such resizing can also lead to component collision and unfeasibility of the vehicle architecture. To solve this problem and to support concept engineers during the early development phase, an iterative approach is required that is capable of estimating weight and volume fluctuations in the relevant components. The approach should also consider the geometrical interdependencies of the components, to ensure that no collisions occur between them. Taking the gearbox as an example application, this paper presents a novel approach that satisfies these requirements.
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Holjevac, Nikola, Federico Cheli et Massimiliano Gobbi. « A simulation-based concept design approach for combustion engine and battery electric vehicles ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no 7 (7 juin 2018) : 1950–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018777350.
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The early concept design of a vehicle is becoming increasingly crucial to determine the success of a car. Broadening market competition, more stringent regulations and fast technological changes require a prompt response from carmakers, and computer-aided engineering has emerged in recent years as the promising way to provide more efficient and cost-effective design and to cut development time and costs. The work presented in this paper shows an approach based on computer-aided engineering to determine vehicle’s energy consumption and performance. The different vehicle’s subsystem are first analyzed separately by using dedicated simulation tools and then integrated to obtain the entire vehicle. The work covers a wide range of vehicle layouts. Internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles are considered and various transmission configurations are contemplated with respect to some of the most adopted solutions for these vehicles. The simulation results allow to identify the most effective design variables regarding the combustion engine and the electric motor and to compare the different layouts over various car segments. The results clearly point out that for internal combustion engine vehicles, the combustion engine is the crucial component that defines the vehicle’s characteristics and particularly the energy consumption. Conversely, battery electric vehicles show a more balanced distribution of the losses, and therefore to improve the vehicle’s behavior, different components should be considered in detail. Nevertheless, the choice of the number of electric motors and the transmission choice play a significant role in defining the vehicle performances.
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Bhavsar, Parth, Plaban Das, Matthew Paugh, Kakan Dey et Mashrur Chowdhury. « Risk Analysis of Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Traffic Streams ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2625, no 1 (janvier 2017) : 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2625-06.
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The introduction of autonomous vehicles in the surface transportation system could improve traffic safety and reduce traffic congestion and negative environmental effects. Although the continuous evolution in computing, sensing, and communication technologies can improve the performance of autonomous vehicles, the new combination of autonomous automotive and electronic communication technologies will present new challenges, such as interaction with other nonautonomous vehicles, which must be addressed before implementation. The objective of this study was to identify the risks associated with the failure of an autonomous vehicle in mixed traffic streams. To identify the risks, the autonomous vehicle system was first disassembled into vehicular components and transportation infrastructure components, and then a fault tree model was developed for each system. The failure probabilities of each component were estimated by reviewing the published literature and publicly available data sources. This analysis resulted in a failure probability of about 14% resulting from a sequential failure of the autonomous vehicular components alone in the vehicle’s lifetime, particularly the components responsible for automation. After the failure probability of autonomous vehicle components was combined with the failure probability of transportation infrastructure components, an overall failure probability related to vehicular or infrastructure components was found: 158 per 1 million mi of travel. The most critical combination of events that could lead to failure of autonomous vehicles, known as minimal cut-sets, was also identified. Finally, the results of fault tree analysis were compared with real-world data available from the California Department of Motor Vehicles autonomous vehicle testing records.
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Kim, Kiyoung, Namdoo Kim, Jongryeol Jeong, Sunghwan Min, Horim Yang, Ram Vijayagopal, Aymeric Rousseau et Suk Won Cha. « A Component-Sizing Methodology for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using an Optimization Algorithm ». Energies 14, no 11 (27 mai 2021) : 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113147.
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Many leading companies in the automotive industry have been putting tremendous effort into developing new powertrains and technologies to make their products more energy efficient. Evaluating the fuel economy benefit of a new technology in specific powertrain systems is straightforward; and, in an early concept phase, obtaining a projection of energy efficiency benefits from new technologies is extremely useful. However, when carmakers consider new technology or powertrain configurations, they must deal with a trade-off problem involving factors such as energy efficiency and performance, because of the complexities of sizing a vehicle’s powertrain components, which directly affect its energy efficiency and dynamic performance. As powertrains of modern vehicles become more complicated, even more effort is required to design the size of each component. This study presents a component-sizing process based on the forward-looking vehicle simulator “Autonomie” and the optimization algorithm “POUNDERS”; the supervisory control strategy based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) assures sufficient computational system efficiency. We tested the process by applying it to a single power-split hybrid electric vehicle to determine optimal values of gear ratios and each component size, where we defined the optimization problem as minimizing energy consumption when the vehicle’s dynamic performance is given as a performance constraint. The suggested sizing process will be helpful in determining optimal component sizes for vehicle powertrain to maximize fuel efficiency while dynamic performance is satisfied. Indeed, this process does not require the engineer’s intuition or rules based on heuristics required in the rule-based process.
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TANAKA, Michiko, Kanako KATANO, Aya KOJIMA et Haruo SATO. « 1B13 A case study of the application of bioplastic to a railway vehicle interior component(Vehicles-System) ». Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2015 (2015) : _1B13–1_—_1B13–7_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2015._1b13-1_.
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REYES, A., C. BARRADO et A. GUERRERO. « COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TO DESIGN VEHICLE-TO VEHICLE AND VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURES APPLICATIONS ». Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 46, no 1 (29 janvier 2016) : 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2016.323.
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Intelligent Transport Systems use communication technologies to offer real-time traffic information services to road users and government managers. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is an important component of ITS where vehicles communicate with other vehicles and road-side infrastructures, analyze and process received information, and make decisions according to that. However, features like high vehicle speeds, constant mobility, varying topology, traffic density, etc. induce challenges that make conventional wireless technologies unsuitable for vehicular networks. This paper focuses on the process of designing efficient vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to road-side infrastructure applications.
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Raja Ahsan Shah, Raja Mazuir, Richard Peter Jones, Caizhen Cheng, Alessandro Picarelli, Abd Rashid Abd Aziz et Mansour Al Qubeissi. « Model-Based Energy Path Analysis of Tip-In Event in a 2WD Vehicle with Range-Extender Electric Powertrain Architecture ». Energies 14, no 18 (10 septembre 2021) : 5696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185696.
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Vehicle driveability is one of the important attributes in range-extender electric vehicles due to the electric motor torque characteristics at low-speed events. Physical vehicle prototypes are typically used to validate and rectify vehicle driveability attributes. However, this can be expensive and require several design iterations. In this paper, a model-based energy method to assess vehicle driveability is presented based on high-fidelity 49 degree-of-freedom powertrain and vehicle systems. Multibody dynamic components were built according to their true centre of gravity relative to the vehicle datum to provide an accurate system interaction. The work covered a frequency of less than 20 Hz. The results consist of the components’ frequency domination, which was structured and examined to identify the low-frequency resonances sensitivity based on different operating parameters such as road surface coefficients. An energy path method was also implemented on the dominant component by decoupling its compliances to study the effect on the vehicle driveability and low-frequency resonances. The outcomes of the research provided a good understanding of the interaction across the sub-systems levels. The powertrain rubber mounts were the dominant component that controlled the low-frequency resonances (<15.33 Hz) and can change the vehicle driveability quality.
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Sim, Kyuhyun, Ram Vijayagopal, Namdoo Kim et Aymeric Rousseau. « Optimization of Component Sizing for a Fuel Cell-Powered Truck to Minimize Ownership Cost ». Energies 12, no 6 (22 mars 2019) : 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061125.
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In this study, we consider fuel cell-powered electric trucks (FCETs) as an alternative to conventional medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. FCETs use a battery combined with onboard hydrogen storage for energy storage. The additional battery provides regenerative braking and better fuel economy, but it will also increase the initial cost of the vehicle. Heavier reliance on stored hydrogen might be cheaper initially, but operational costs will be higher because hydrogen is more expensive than electricity. Achieving the right tradeoff between these power and energy choices is necessary to reduce the ownership cost of the vehicle. This paper develops an optimum component sizing algorithm for FCETs. The truck vehicle model was developed in Autonomie, a platform for modelling vehicle energy consumption and performance. The algorithm optimizes component sizes to minimize overall ownership cost, while ensuring that the FCET matches or exceeds the performance and cargo capacity of a conventional vehicle. Class 4 delivery truck and class 8 linehaul trucks are shown as examples. We estimate the ownership cost for various hydrogen costs, powertrain components, ownership periods, and annual vehicle miles travelled.
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Kim, Dong-Kyun, et Yong Bae Park. « Measurement Method Based on Vehicle Component Installation Position for Radiated Immunity Test of Vehicle Components ». Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 31, no 2 (février 2020) : 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2020.31.2.113.
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Rewatkar, Harshal. « Energy Conservation By Using Electric Transportation Vehicle ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no 1 (31 janvier 2022) : 1623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.38255.
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Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a complete electric transportation vehicle by conservation by energy resources. Electric vehicles are widely used for pollution free transportation but it has been observed that distance travelled by battery operated electric vehicle is very less as pared with the other fuel powered engine and poor regenerative energy recapturing from the vehicle. There are so many types of losses in power converter which increase consumption of battery energy. For increment of distance travelled by electric vehicles and increment of recapturing of regenerative energy we have to improve performance of all component used in electric vehicle like electric motor, power converter and energy storage system like battery. That’s why in this project used alternator and voltage booster. This project presents comparative study of all components used in an electric vehicle. This project also concluded that which drive or converter is suitable for electric vehicle is being proposed. Best coordination of all components can lead to optimize power consumption in electric vehicle. Energy dissipated in power train during the operation of conversion from electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice-versa should be minimize. Keywords: Electric vehicle; motor; Energy storage system; Battery; Alternator
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Gu, Qiang, et Xiu Sheng Cheng. « Electric Vehicle Transmission Gear Ratio Optimization Based on Particle Swarm Optimization ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 187 (juin 2012) : 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.187.20.
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The driving range of electric vehicles is less than traditional vehicles due to the restriction of energy storage. It is raising the efficiency of each power component that is one of increasing electric vehicle driving range methods. A particle swarm optimization is used to optimize transmission gear ratio on established electric vehicle power component models. A simulation that simulates the energy consumption of vehicle after gear ratio optimization is given to compare with the actual energy consumption data of the vehicle before gear ratio optimization. The results show that the energy consumption and driving range of the latter are better than the former therefore this optimization is valid.
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Nicoletti, Lorenzo, Andrea Romano, Adrian König, Ferdinand Schockenhoff et Markus Lienkamp. « Parametric Modeling of Mass and Volume Effects for Battery Electric Vehicles, with Focus on the Wheel Components ». World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no 4 (2 octobre 2020) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11040063.
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Defining a vehicle concept during the early development phase is a challenging task, since only a limited number of design parameters are known. For battery electric vehicles (BEVs), vehicle weight is a design parameter, which needs to be estimated by using an iterative approach, thus causing weight fluctuations during the early development phase. These weight fluctuations, in turn, require other vehicle components to be redesigned and can lead to a change in their size (secondary volume change) and weight (secondary weight change). Furthermore, a change in component size can impact the available installation space and can lead to collision between components. In this paper, we focus on a component that has a high influence on the available installation space: the wheels. We model the essential components of the wheels and further quantify their secondary volume and weight changes caused by a vehicle weight fluctuation. Subsequently, we model the influence of the secondary volume changes on the available installation space at the front axle. The hereby presented approach enables an estimation of the impact of weight fluctuations on the wheels and on the available installation space, which enables a reduction in time-consuming iterations during the development process.
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M.Elangovan et Dr. K.Ramasamy. « An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Automobile Players ». International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 12, no 3 (14 juin 2022) : 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.12.3.14.
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Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
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Lee, Sang-Don, et Seung-Lye Kim. « Variation modes of vehicle interior roominess ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no 1 (23 mai 2019) : 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019844394.
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Vehicle interior roominess is one of the key factors for buyers’ satisfaction. Principal component analysis, principal component regression, and correspondence analysis are applied to understand the modes of variation for interior roominess among 15 dimensions from 76 passenger vehicles, to predict buyers’ satisfaction and to identify dimensions with unique proportions. Three variation modes are found: (1) the interior plan-view variation mode (plan-view = vehicle length × width) shows the largest difference between small and large vehicles, (2) the vehicle height variation mode exposes the difference between the short and tall vehicles, and (3) the greenhouse-shape variation model reveals the difference between sleek and boxy vehicles. Domestic brands are found to receive lower satisfaction even though they are similar in the 15 dimensions. The knee clearance for the second-row shows the largest difference in proportion followed by the diagonal head clearances for the first and the second-rows.
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Carr, Christopher. « Strategy alternatives for vehicle component manufacturers ». Long Range Planning 21, no 4 (août 1988) : 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(88)90013-1.
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Kulikov, Ilya, Sergey Korkin, Andrey Kozlov, Alexey Terenchenko, Kirill Karpukhin et Ulugbek Azimov. « Component-in-the-Loop Testing of Automotive Powertrains Featuring All-Wheel-Drive ». Energies 14, no 7 (6 avril 2021) : 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072017.
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The article is dedicated to the methodology of designing component-in-the-loop (CiL) testing systems for automotive powertrains featuring several drivelines, including variants with individually driven axles or wheels. The methodical part begins with descriptions of operating and control loops of CiL systems having various simulating functionality—from a “lumped” vehicle for driving cycle tests to vehicles with independently rotating drivelines for simulating dynamic maneuvers. The sequel contains an analysis that eliminates a lack of clarity observed in the existing literature regarding the principles of building a “virtual inertia” and synchronization of loading regimes between individual drivelines of the tested powertrain. In addition, a contribution to the CiL methodology is offered by analyzing the options of simulating tire slip taking into account a limited accuracy of measurement equipment and a limited performance of actuating devices. The methodical part concludes with two examples of mathematical models that can be employed in CiL systems to simulate vehicle dynamics. The first one describes linear motion of a “lumped” vehicle, while the second one simulates vehicle’s trajectory motion taking into account tire slip in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. The practical part of the article presents a case study showing an implementation of the CiL design principles in a laboratory testing facility intended for an all-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain of a heavy-duty vehicle. The CiL system description is followed by the test results simulating the hybrid powertrain operation in a driving cycle and in trajectory maneuvering. The results prove the validity of the proposed methodical principles, as well as their suitability for practical implementations.
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Gong, Qi, Li Yang, Yonghua Li et Bin Xue. « Dynamic Preventive Maintenance Optimization of Subway Vehicle Traction System Considering Stages ». Applied Sciences 12, no 17 (28 août 2022) : 8617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178617.
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The current maintenance mode of the subway vehicle traction system does not consider the change of failure rate in the operation of components, and there is an unreasonable maintenance interval and high maintenance cost. To solve this problem, a dynamic preventive maintenance strategy for subway vehicle traction systems considering stages is proposed. Service age decreasing factor and failure rate increasing factor are introduced to build a new dynamic reliability model considering the effect of preventive maintenance on component failure rate. Non-preventive failure maintenance, preventive maintenance, preventive update maintenance and opportunistic maintenance are adopted. For the components in degradation or random failure stages, a preventive maintenance optimization model with the least maintenance cost, constrained by reliability, is established. The maintenance strategy is optimized and solved based on the enumeration method to obtain single-component irregular preventive maintenance intervals and multi-component group preventive maintenance times. The results show that the proposed maintenance models are reasonable and feasible. On the premise of ensuring the system reliability, the number of vehicle outages for maintenance and the maintenance cost are reduced. Feasible and effective maintenance models and methods are provided. They can ensure the reliability of subway vehicles and reduce maintenance costs. The effectiveness and economy of maintenance work is increased.
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Kuka, Naim, Riccardo Verardi, Caterina Ariaudo et João Pombo. « Impact of maintenance conditions of vehicle components on the vehicle–track interaction loads ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C : Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no 15 (31 juillet 2017) : 2626–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217722803.
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To improve the efficiency and competitiveness of railway transport, passenger and freight trains should travel faster and have increased payload, without losing the necessary levels of running safety and ride comfort, as well as assuring low aggressiveness on track and minimising the life cycle costs. Hence, the manufacturer’s challenge consists of improving the dynamic performance of the railway vehicles and reducing the loads on the track as well as on the rolling stock components. These objectives can be achieved through optimizing the design of the vehicle, while taking into consideration that the characteristics of the vehicle and of the track may change over time and space, and that they depend on the maintenance conditions of the vehicle and of the infrastructure. This work proposes a computational methodology to study how the varying vehicle component characteristics, on normal and degraded conditions, impact on the vehicle/track interaction loads and on the track damage. The purpose of this study is to trace a path towards a realistic definition of a load mission profile for the structural fatigue dimensioning of the vehicle components. The assessment criteria and the evaluated quantities are defined according to the EN14363 regulation.
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Новикова et Tatyana Novikova. « ELECTRONIC COMPONENT BASE MODERN MANAGEMENT ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM ». Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex : problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no 2 (17 décembre 2015) : 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19567.
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The article discusses trends and scope of electronic components in the vehicle controls systems that address some classification of the vehicle electronics, designated the requirements for electronic component base, used in the car electronic systems
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Šarkan, Branislav, Michal Loman, Šimon Senko, Michal Richtář et Wojciech Gołębiowski. « Change in engine power in the event of electronic components failures ». Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 98, no 4 (30 décembre 2022) : 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am/158071.
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In a conventional internal combustion engine, only electrical controls are used to prepare the fuel mixture. All parts must operate flawlessly in order for the vehicle and its components to operate correctly. Road safety may be negatively impacted by the failure of specific components. The purpose of the study was to ascertain how much the malfunction of particular electrical components affects how the vehicle operates. The vehicle's individual electronic parts were removed, and the engine power was then assessed. The primary determinant of a vehicle's technical condition is thought to be its engine power. The preparation of the combustion mixture was affected by the individual component disconnections, which reduced the vehicle's performance. A vehicle with an in-line four-cylinder engine was used for the experiment, which was conducted in a lab setting. This vehicle's eight components were gradually disengaged. The change in engine power was observed while they were disconnected. The measured values were always evaluated in terms of an automobile that had no defects and was in excellent condition. The study's findings demonstrate that there are circumstances in which a vehicle's usual operation is adversely affected when one or more of its electrical components malfunctions.
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Sodikin, Jenal, et Unggul Satria Jati. « Analisa Kerusakan Transmisi Otomatis dengan Metode Failures Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) dan Logic Tree Anaysis (LTA) ». Accurate : Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Science 3, no 1 (30 avril 2022) : 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/accurate.v3i1.1510.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The power transfer system is an inseparable part of a vehicle unit, this component functions as a power source from the engine, increasing the moment generated by the engine according to the needs of the load and road conditions and reversing the rotation. Type As the age of the vehicle, the transmission it uses will be damaged or even fail to function, most automatic transmissions start having problems after the vehicle is used above 100,000 km or on vehicles that are not used in accordance with the provisions and do not carry out maintenance procedures properly, the automatic transmission is damaged. could come sooner. Based on the implementation of the Failures Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) method which is used to evaluate components in a system by examining the potential failure model to determine the impact that will occur on the component or work system, it is found that the highest Risk Piority Number (RPN) is found in the Seal component. Piston Matic 450, Multiple Clutch/Clutch Pack 360, Selenoid Valve 324. Each potential failure model is classified based on the impact it can have on the success of the system or on user safety by dividing the categories using Logic Tree Analysis (LTA) with the results of most components automatic transmission is included in the type B failure (Outage Problem) where the component causes failure of all or part of the system. Based on the RPN value, the right maintenance is Predictive Maintenance.
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Nigam, Nikhil, Dhirendra Pratap Singh et Jaytrilok Choudhary. « A Review of Different Components of the Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) ». Symmetry 15, no 3 (23 février 2023) : 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030583.
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Traffic congestion is a serious challenge in urban areas. So, to address this challenge, the intelligent traffic management system (ITMS) is used to manage traffic on road networks. Managing traffic helps to focus on environmental impacts as well as emergency situations. However, the ITMS system has many challenges in analyzing scenes of complex traffic. New technologies such as computer vision (CV) and artificial intelligence (AI) are being used to solve these challenges. As a result, these technologies have made a distinct identity in the surveillance industry, particularly when it comes to keeping a constant eye on traffic scenes. There are many vehicle attributes and existing approaches that are being used in the development of ITMS, along with imaging technologies. In this paper, we reviewed the ITMS-based components that describe existing imaging technologies and existing approaches on the basis of their need for developing ITMS. The first component describes the traffic scene and imaging technologies. The second component talks about vehicle attributes and their utilization in existing vehicle-based approaches. The third component explains the vehicle’s behavior on the basis of the second component’s outcome. The fourth component explains how traffic-related applications can assist in the management and monitoring of traffic flow, as well as in the reduction of congestion and the enhancement of road safety. The fifth component describes the different types of ITMS applications. The sixth component discusses the existing methods of traffic signal control systems (TSCSs). Aside from these components, we also discuss existing vehicle-related tools such as simulators that work to create realistic traffic scenes. In the last section named discussion, we discuss the future development of ITMS and draw some conclusions. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the possible solutions to different problems during the development of ITMS in one place, with the help of components that would play an important role for an ITMS developer to achieve the goal of developing efficient ITMS.
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Baliga, Shwetha, et Pavan Santosh N R. « Vehicle Driver Modeling and Simulation Based on Controller Approach ». Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no 06 (17 juin 2021) : 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05274.
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Designing a vehicle involves testing the vehicle under realistic simulations and scenarios to see how the vehicle responds. Manually performing all these tests would be expensive and there is also the risk of human life. In this paper, a vehicle driver model is modeled which can be used as a substitute for real drivers in simulations. The motion of the vehicle is considered in two components, longitudinal component, and lateral component. Both these components are implemented using controllers. The model was built using MATLAB Simulink software and using path designer application, different paths were designed and the model was tested on them. The steering angle, velocity, acceleration, deceleration values generated for two test cases are displayed. The path followed by the driver model was also observed.
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Mao, Xiaohua. « The impact of the reduction of consumption subsidies on the industrial chain of new energy vehicles ». E3S Web of Conferences 235 (2021) : 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123501002.
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In recent years, in order to promote the independent development of the new energy vehicle industry, Chinese government has decided to reduce the consumption subsidies for new energy vehicles until the subsidies are completely withdrawn. The reduction of consumption subsidy has a great impact on the production and sales of new energy vehicles in the whole vehicle market. However, does the reduction of this subsidy also have an impact on other enterprises in the new energy vehicles industry chain? This paper tests this problem using data from 2016 to 2018, and finds, through empirical analysis, that during the period of subsidy decline, the profitability of component enterprises is significantly positively correlated with this subsidies, while the r&d investment of enterprises is significantly negatively correlated with this subsidies. The results show that in terms of profitability, the reduction of consumer subsidies not only has an impact on the whole vehicle industry of new energy vehicles, but also has an adverse impact on the core component companies in the industrial chain. However, in terms of r&d, the reduction of subsidies has more negatively strengthened the input and attention of R&D in component companies.
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Monteiro Tavares, Carla Mericia, et Janusz Szpytko. « Maintenance strategy for vehicle with electronic fuel injection system ». Journal of KONBiN 42, no 1 (1 juin 2017) : 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0034.
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Abstract The introduction of new vehicles technology has been projected for advanced technologically places. Their use and operation, is a theme of big concern for developing countries. This work is part of the study for the creation and establishment of a maintenance strategy and policy, which will be acceptable in developing countries. The paper proposes a methodology for the identification of critical components of the electronic fuel injection system with failure mode, effects and criticality analysis tool (FMECA). With the elaboration of this work, was possible to visualize that the maintenance strategy for each component depends strongly on the availability of equipment for the diagnosis (fail detection). As future work, would be important to study the influence of others parameters that influence the maintenance and vehicle operation, as cost, environment, human aspect and vehicle operation. Another useful analyses would be, to analyses the data in a probabilistic interpretation in order to visualize influence of each component failure in the system failure.
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Bulach, Winfried, Doris Schüler, Guido Sellin, Tobias Elwert, Dieter Schmid, Daniel Goldmann, Matthias Buchert et Ulrich Kammer. « Electric vehicle recycling 2020 : Key component power electronics ». Waste Management & ; Research : The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no 4 (4 mars 2018) : 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18759191.
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Electromobility will play a key role in order to reach the specified ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets in the German transport sector of 42% between 1990 and 2030. Subsequently, a significant rise in the sale of electric vehicles (EVs) is to be anticipated in future. The amount of EVs to be recycled will rise correspondingly after a delay. This includes the recyclable power electronics modules which are incorporated in every EV as an important component for energy management. Current recycling methods using car shredders and subsequent post shredder technologies show high recycling rates for the bulk metals but are still associated with high losses of precious and strategic metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium and tantalum. For this reason, the project ‘Electric vehicle recycling 2020 – key component power electronics’ developed an optimised recycling route for recycling power electronics modules from EVs which is also practicable in series production and can be implemented using standardised technology. This ‘WEEE recycling route’ involves the disassembly of the power electronics from the vehicle and a subsequent recycling in an electronic end-of-life equipment recycling plant. The developed recycling process is economical under the current conditions and raw material prices, even though it involves considerably higher costs than recycling using the car shredder. The life cycle assessment shows basically good results, both for the traditional car shredder route and the developed WEEE recycling route: the latter provides additional benefits from some higher recovery rates and corresponding credits.
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Zhu, Tao, Shou-Ne Xiao, Guang-Zhong Hu, Guang-Wu Yang et Chao Yang. « CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF METRO VEHICLES CONSTRUCTED FROM TYPICAL MATERIALS AND THE LUMPED PARAMETER MODEL OF FRONTAL IMPACT ». Transport 34, no 1 (31 janvier 2019) : 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7552.
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This paper establishes a Finite Element (FE) model of a rigid barrier impact of a single vehicle constructed from carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy, which are three typical materials used in metro vehicle car body structures. The different responses of the three materials during the collision are compared. According to the energy absorption, velocity, deformation and collision force flow characteristics of each vehicle, the relationship between the energy absorption ratio of the vehicle body and the energy absorption ratio of its key components is proposed. Based on the collision force flow distribution proportion of each component, the causes of the key components’ deformation are analysed in detail. The internal relationship between the deformation, energy absorption and impact force of the key components involved in a car body collision is elucidated. By determining the characteristic parameters describing the vehicle’s dynamic stiffness, a metro vehicle frontal impact model using lumped parameters is established that provides a simple and efficient conceptual design method for railway train safety design. These research results can be used to guide the design of railway trains for structural crashworthiness.
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De Porter, William. « A Process for Estimating Component Life in Support of Reliability Predictions for Present and Future Military Combat Vehicles ». Journal of the IEST 48, no 1 (1 septembre 2005) : 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.48.1.3jp4k4t52v74687h.
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The manufacture of future military combat vehicles faces a number of challenges. One of those challenges is to balance producibility, reliability, and weight. An additional challenge is the military's frequent need to extend the life of its current combat vehicles. Imperfections resulting from the manufacturing process may contribute to both of these challenges by shortening the fatigue life of the vehicle structure or components. Use of an assessment fatigue process can help meet these manufacturing challenges. Established technologies can extract past life events and anticipated extended life events. These combined life events can then be compared to the vehicle life boundaries. The results can be used to extend combat vehicle life or to pursue new challenges such as improved weight balance.
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Nakanishi, Toshikazu, Xuegang Yin et A. A. Shabana. « Dynamics of Multibody Tracked Vehicles Using Experimentally Identified Modal Parameters ». Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no 3 (1 septembre 1996) : 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801173.
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The mode shapes, frequencies, and modal mass and stiffness coefficients of multibody systems such as tracked vehicles can be determined using experimental identification techniques. In multibody simulations, however, knowledge of the modal parameters of the individual components is required, and consequently, a procedure for extracting the component modes from the mode shapes of the assembled system must be used if experimental modal analysis techniques are to be used with general purpose multibody computer codes. In this investigation, modal parameters (modal mass, modal stiffness, modal damping, and mode shapes), which are determined experimentally, are employed to simulate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a multibody tracked vehicle which consists of interconnected rigid and flexible components. The equations of motion of the vehicle are formulated in terms of a set of modal and reference generalized coordinates, and the theoretical basis for extracting the component modal parameters of the chassis from the modal parameters of the assembled vehicle is described. In this investigation, the track of the vehicle is modeled as a closed kinematic chain that consists of rigid links connected by revolute joints, and the effect of the chassis flexibility on the motion singularities of the track is examined numerically. These singularities which are encountered as the result of the change in the track configuration are avoided by using a deformable secondary joint instead of using the loop-closure equations.
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Moskalik, Andrew, Paul Dekraker, John Kargul et Daniel Barba. « Vehicle Component Benchmarking Using a Chassis Dynamometer ». SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 8, no 3 (14 avril 2015) : 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0589.
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Ke, Huei-Yaw. « Sampling plans for vehicle component reliability verification ». Quality and Reliability Engineering International 15, no 5 (septembre 1999) : 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1638(199909/10)15:5<363 ::aid-qre261>3.0.co;2-b.
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Lv, Xueying, Yanju Ji, Huanyu Zhao, Jiabao Zhang, Guanyu Zhang et Liu Zhang. « Research Review of a Vehicle Energy-Regenerative Suspension System ». Energies 13, no 2 (16 janvier 2020) : 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Vehicles are developing in the direction of energy-saving and electrification. suspension has been widely developed in the field of vehicles as a key component. Traditional hydraulic energy-supply suspensions dissipate vibration energy as waste heat to suppress vibration. This part of the energy is mainly generated by the vehicle engine. In order to effectively utilize the energy of this part, the energy-regenerative suspension with energy recovery converts the vibrational energy into electrical energy as the vehicle’s energy supply equipment. This article reviews the hydraulically powered suspension of vehicles with energy recovery. The importance of such suspension in vehicle energy recovery is analyzed. The main categories of energy-regenerative suspension are illustrated from different energy recovery methods, and the research status of hydraulic energy-regenerative suspension is comprehensively analyzed. Important factors that affect the shock-absorbing and regenerative characteristics of the suspension system are studied. In addition, some unresolved challenges are also proposed, which provides a reference value for the development of energy-regenerative suspension systems for hybrid new energy vehicles
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Heine, Richard, et Donald Barker. « Acceleration-Based Remaining Life Prognostics for Terrain-Loaded Components on an Army Ground Vehicle System ». Journal of the IEST 52, no 2 (1 octobre 2009) : 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.52.2.g40w588835068522.
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Use of a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) is one method the Department of Defense is investigating to meet conflicting cost and performance goals for Army wheeled vehicles. One area where a HUMS would be of great benefit is monitoring critical components vulnerable to terrain-induced fatigue. While strain is typically the desired input to a fatigue model, acceleration sensors are less susceptible to damage from the military ground vehicle environment and provide more reliable data over long periods of usage. The feasibility of using vibratory inputs from an accelerometer to make component fatigue predictions for a military wheeled vehicle system is explored in this study, and the use of limited subsets of data for algorithm training are evaluated. An example component is used to demonstrate that the proposed HUMS algorithms are appropriate and provide suitably accurate fatigue predictions.
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Pfisterer, Ilka, Roman Rinberg et Lothar Kroll. « Investigation of material degradation during multiple recycling loops of a glass fiber reinforced polypropylene compound to evaluate life cycle analysis based on mechanical properties ». Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS) 5, no 1 (23 mars 2022) : 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21935/tls.v5i1.160.
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In order to reduce the global warming potential of their vehicles, automotive manufacturers are increasingly striving to use recyclates. However, recyclates often have weaker mechanical properties than comparable virgin polymers. Structurally, the weaker material properties can be compensated by an additional material effort. In semi-structural components of the vehicle interior, the bending stiffness is particularly important, which can be increased by a higher wall thickness to compensate for poorer mechanical properties, leading to higher component weights. The question is to what extent recyclates with poorer mechanical properties than virgin polymer result in CO2-reductions in the overall life cycle. In this work, long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene is recycled several times and the mechanical properties are determined. An LCA is carried out, based on bending stiffness as a functional unit to compare the advantages of recyclates with the disadvantages of higher component weights. It turns out that in a vehicle with combustion engine only the first recycling loop results in a smaller GWP than the virgin polymer. For a vehicle with electric drive, this is the case for the second recycling loop.
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Wang, Xing, Dong Chen Qin et Jun Zhu. « Simulation Research on Dynamic Performance of Electric Vehicle Based on ADVISOR ». Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (novembre 2012) : 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.355.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research of the dynamic performance is particularly important so as to improve the performance of electric vehicles. The method of computer modeling and simulation can be used to reduce the expense and shorten design cycle. The theory of dynamic performance standards of electric vehicle performance is introduced, and then, the main component of electric vehicle and the whole vehicle model are built up based on the advanced vehicle simulation software ADVISOR platform, which is developed by U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The curve results of the dynamic performance are obtained after the simulation of virtual electric vehicle, and it is consistent with the actual vehicle movement. At the same time, the simulation results can be served as essential reference for development and improvement of new vehicles.
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Wang, Qiong, Yan Yu et Zhen Min Tang. « Architecture Design for Intelligent Vehicle Computing Platform Based on Internet of Vehicles ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (décembre 2012) : 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1423.
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Traffic congestion, accidents and caused environment pollution have become the common problems faced by the world. So how to improve traffic of city has become the focus of the global concern. The development of intelligent computing, Internet of Vehicles, wireless networks and so forth have provided a new idea for solving the increasing transportation issue in cities. Intelligent vehicle computing platform is key component of Internet of Vehicles. In this paper, we discussed the intelligent vehicle computing technology and proposed the architecture of intelligent vehicle computing platform.
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Hailu, Hailemariam N., et Daniel T. Redda. « Design and Development of Power Transmission System for Green and Light Weight Vehicles : A Review ». Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 12, no 1 (30 avril 2018) : 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01812010081.
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A study on green vehicle was introduced and promoted to minimize the problem of air pollution caused by emissions of conventional vehicle. Green mobility are vehicles with low fuel/energy consumption and low/zero exhaust gas emission, these vehicles are like hybrid, battery powered, and fuel cell electric vehicle that can be enhanced to be more efficient than the conventional vehicles through a new design and development of power transmission system. Power transmission system for green and lightweight vehicles consists of different components like gear box, propeller shaft, differential and final drive. In this review more emphasis is given to gear box due to some reasons: firstly, it is one of the heaviest component of the power train system and as a result weight reduction is critically needed to increase the efficiency of the vehicle. Secondly, gearshift takes place therefore, torque interruption needs to minimize. The use of simulation software's i. e. Mat lab, AMEsim, cruise software and other similar programs can simulate high-efficiency power transmission system. The results from the simulation software will be validated by experimental tests on test rigs. One way of minimizing fuel consumption is to reduce the weight of the gearbox by 10% reduction in vehicle weight can improved fuel economy by about 5-7%. As different researchers confirm that to have high vehicle efficiency the type of the transmission they used matters. A vehicle using automated manual transmission (AMT) and dual clutch transmission is more efficient in terms of less energy loss and gearshift comfort.
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Kebriaei, Mohammad, Mohammad Ali Sandidzadeh, Behzad Asaei et Ahmad Mirabadi. « Component sizing and intelligent energy management of a heavy hybrid electric vehicle based on a real drive cycle ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F : Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no 1 (5 août 2016) : 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715622501.
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In this paper, hybridizing a heavy vehicle is developed. A switcher locomotive is considered for hybridization. Due to their low operational speed, the switcher locomotives require much lower power when compared to other types of locomotives. Besides, switcher locomotives have higher loss of energy due to their frequent starting and stopping. Hybrid-powered transit vehicles are considered to be excellent replacements for ordinary transit vehicles, since hybrid powered vehicles are equipped with more than one traction power sources. Therefore, a switcher locomotive’s driving cycle is derived from the measured field data and used to calculate and design the hybrid vehicle’s components. A “fuzzy controller” is used to plan a suitable controller for the designed hybrid locomotive. Comparisons show a substantial decrease, both in the fuel consumption and the pollutions of the designed hybrid switcher locomotive versus the conventional diesel-electric locomotives.
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Zhou, Feng Jun, Wan Ke Cao, Cheng Lin, Gang Wang et Zhi Feng Xu. « Study on Control System for CS Mode of PHEV Based on State Space Description Method ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (mars 2013) : 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.475.
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Electric vehicles represent the direction for development of future vehicles. The control system for battery component is one of its key technologies and its performance has a vital impaction on the whole vehicle. In this paper, the state space description method is adopted to model the control system for battery component of PHEV. Taking equivalent fuel consumption and power tracing accumulated error as optimize object, the control system is testified and evaluated based on both ECE and NewYork drive cycles. The results indicate that the control system has good driving performance, good fuel economy and charge sustainability, thus satisfying the requirement of electric vehicle application well.
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Šarkan, Branislav, Michal Loman, František Synák, Michal Richtář et Mirosław Gidlewski. « Influence of Engine Electronic Management Fault Simulation on Vehicle Operation ». Sensors 22, no 5 (7 mars 2022) : 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22052054.
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The preparation of the fuel mixture of a conventional internal combustion engine is currently controlled exclusively electronically. In order for the electrical management of an internal combustion engine to function properly, it is necessary that all its electronic components work flawlessly and fulfill their role. Failure of these electronic components can cause incorrect fuel mixture preparation and also affect driving safety. Due to the effect of individual failures, it has a negative impact on road safety and also negatively affects other participants. The task of the research is to investigate the effect of the failure of electronic engine components on the selected operating characteristics of a vehicle. The purpose of this article is to specify the extent to which a failure of an electronic engine component may affect the operation of a road vehicle. Eight failures of electronic systems (sensors and actuators) were simulated on a specific vehicle, with a petrol internal combustion engine. Measurements were performed in laboratory conditions, the purpose of which was to quantify the change in the operating characteristics of the vehicle between the faulty and fault-free state. The vehicle performance parameters and the production of selected exhaust emission components were determined for selected vehicle operating characteristics. The results show that in the normal operation of vehicles, there are situations where a failure in the electronic system of the engine has a significant impact on its operating characteristics and, at the same time, some of these failures are not identifiable by the vehicle operator. The findings of the publication can be used in the drafting of legislation, in the field of production and operation of road vehicles, and also in the mathematical modeling of the production of gaseous emissions by road transport.
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Wibowo, Helmi, et M. Iman Nur Hakim. « Robotic-Based Bottom Vehicle Inspection in Indonesian ». RSF Conference Series : Engineering and Technology 2, no 2 (29 novembre 2022) : 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.560.
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In Motor Vehicle Testing, Bottom Vehicle Inspection is still done manually by means of the inspector entering the test box to see the Bottom Vehicle to ensure that the Bottom Vehicle is in good condition. Weaknesses of Manual Bottom Vehicle Inspection, making vehicle owners unable to see the condition of the Bottom Vehicle directly; if there is a problem at the Bottom of the vehicle, the vehicle inspector instructs the vehicle owner to go down under the test so that it takes up much time and there is a long queue. However, with current technological developments, it is possible for vehicle owners and vehicle inspectors to directly see the condition under the vehicle so as to create transparent public services by means of a robotic-based Bottom vehicle. This research aims to create a transparent public service between the vehicle inspector and the vehicle owner. This research method makes designs and builds Robot Bottom vehicles controlled by Arduino Nano and Raspberry. Arduino Nano is equipped with a stick to control the movement of the robot's wheel and robot arm; Raspberry is equipped with a camera to display the condition of the Bottom vehicle components and communication between systems using local area networks. The results showed that the Bottom vehicle could be seen directly and clearly so that if there is damage to the Bottom vehicle component, the vehicle owner can know firsthand the condition of the Bottom of the vehicle.
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Jia, Shuo, Fei Hui, Cheng Wei, Xiangmo Zhao et Jianbei Liu. « Lane-Changing Behavior Prediction Based on Game Theory and Deep Learning ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (2 août 2021) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634960.
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Lane changing is an important scenario in traffic environments, and accurate prediction of lane-changing behavior is essential to ensure traffic and driver safety. To achieve this goal, a vehicle lane-changing prediction model based on game theory and deep learning is developed. In the game theory component, the interaction between vehicles during lane changing is analyzed according to the running state of the vehicle, with the probability of lane changing as its output. For the deep-learning component, long short-term memory and a convolutional neural network are used to extract and learn data features during the lane-changing process as well as combine the output of the game theory component to obtain the prediction result of whether the vehicle will change lanes. By using an open-source traffic dataset to train and verify the proposed model, the verification results show that the prediction accuracy can reach 94.56% within 0.4 s of lane-changing operation and that the model can achieve timely and accurate prediction of the lane-changing behavior of vehicles.
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DeSantis, R. M. « Modeling and Path-Tracking for a Load-Haul-Dump Mining Vehicle ». Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no 1 (1 mars 1997) : 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801212.
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A path-tracking controller for a load-haul-dump mining vehicle is designed using a geometric approach recently developed in the context of car- and tractor-trailer-like vehicles. This controller is made up of a kinematic component computing the velocities required of the vehicle for satisfactory path-tracking, and a dynamic component determining the propulsion and steering that are necessary to acquire these velocities. Prospects for practical implementation appear to be promising from an operational, a technological, and an economic point of view.
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Hester, David, et Arturo González. « Impact of Road Profile when Detecting a Localised Damage from Bridge Acceleration Response to a Moving Vehicle ». Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (juillet 2013) : 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.199.
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Previous work by the authors have shown that the acceleration response of a damaged beam subject to a constant moving load can be assumed to be made up of three components: ‘dynamic’, ‘static’ and ‘damage’. Therefore, appropriate filtering of the acceleration signal can be used to highlight the ‘damage’ component and quantify its severity. This paper builds on these findings to examine if the same approach can be used to identify damage in the more realistic case of a bridge loaded by a sprung vehicle travelling on a road profile. The consideration of a road profile has the effect of exciting the vehicle modes of vibration which will corrupt the spectrum of bridge accelerations with road/vehicle frequencies. Some of these vehicle frequencies may be lower than the first frequency of the bridge and close to the frequency of the ‘damage’ component. In the latter, the vehicle frequencies are difficult to remove without also filtering part of the ‘damage’ component out. As a result, the approach is shown to perform best for low vehicle speeds.