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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Variants du SARS-CoV-2 »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 1 février 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Variants du SARS-CoV-2"

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Huamán Saavedra, Juan Jorge. « SARS-COV-2 variants ». Revista Médica de Trujillo 16, no 1 (16 mars 2021) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2020.v16i01.01.

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Scarpa, Fabio, Francesco Branda, Nicola Petrosillo et Massimo Ciccozzi. « On the SARS-CoV-2 Variants ». Infectious Disease Reports 16, no 2 (26 mars 2024) : 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr16020024.

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The evolutionary dynamics of viruses, particularly exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, underscore the intricate interplay between genetics, host adaptation, and viral spread. This paper delves into the genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the implications of viral variants on global health. Initially emerging from the Wuhan-Hu-1 lineage, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly diversified into numerous variants, each characterized by distinct mutations in the spike protein and other genomic regions. Notable variants such as B.1.1.7 (α), B.1.351 (β), P.1 (γ), B.1.617.2 (δ), and the Omicron variant have garnered significant attention due to their heightened transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities. In particular, the Omicron variant has presented a myriad of subvariants, raising concerns about its potential impact on public health. Despite the emergence of numerous variants, the vast majority have exhibited limited expansion capabilities and have not posed significant threats akin to early pandemic strains. Continued genomic surveillance is imperative to identify emerging variants of concern promptly. While genetic adaptation is intrinsic to viral evolution, effective public health responses must be grounded in empirical evidence to navigate the evolving landscape of the pandemic with resilience and precision.
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Liang, Hong-Yu, Yuyan Wu, Vicky Yau, Huan-Xin Yin, Scott Lowe, Rachel Bentley, Mubashir Ayaz Ahmed, Wenjing Zhao et Chenyu Sun. « SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Current Vaccines and Therapeutic Implications for COVID-19 ». Vaccines 10, no 9 (16 septembre 2022) : 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091538.

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Over the past two years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections, resulting in an unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the virus spreads through the population, ongoing mutations and adaptations are being discovered. There is now substantial clinical evidence that demonstrates the SARS-CoV-2 variants have stronger transmissibility and higher virulence compared to the wild-type strain of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants to boost individual immunity has become essential. However, current treatment options are limited for COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this review, we describe current distribution, variation, biology, and clinical features of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants (including Alpha (B.1.1.7 Lineage) variant, Beta (B.1.351 Lineage) variant, Gamma (P.1 Lineage) variant, Delta (B.1.617.2 Lineage) variant, and Omicron (B.1.1.529 Lineage) variant and others. In addition, we review currently employed vaccines in clinical or preclinical phases as well as potential targeted therapies in an attempt to provide better preventive and treatment strategies for COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Hassan, Dlshad Abdullah, Sazan Qadir Maulud, Rzgar Farooq Rashid, Jivan Qasim Ahmed et Rezhna Khider Ali. « Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Patients of Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq ». BioMed Target Journal 2, no 1 (3 mai 2024) : 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.59786/bmtj.213.

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Multiple new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have emerged globally since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the virus continuing to evolve, more are expected. This emphasizes the need for rapid diagnostic methods for the detection of circulating lineages. Variants-specific real-time reverse transcription (rRT)-PCR method can be used as an alternative to genome sequencing, which is expensive and labored for identifying these variants, especially in settings with limited resources. We assessed the prevalence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants spreading in the Erbil province using a diagnostic screening RT-PCR-based method. A total of 144 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were prospectively tested for known SARS-CoV2 variants using ViroQ® SC2 Variant rRT-PCR. Furthermore, the technique was validated using 25 SARS-CoV-2 negative nasal samples. Out of 144 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, 118 (81.9%) were B.1.617.2 (Delta), 5 (3.5%) were Epsilon B.1.427/B.1.429, 1(0.7%) was Eta B.1.525, 2(1.4%) were SARS-CoV-2 Wild type, while 18 (12.5%) were undefined variant, and the delta strain was the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 strain. Our study showed that variant-specific RT-PCR could be a useful tool for the rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Caputo, Emilia, et Luigi Mandrich. « SARS-CoV-2 : Searching for the Missing Variants ». Viruses 14, no 11 (26 octobre 2022) : 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112364.

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Structural and phylogenetic analysis of the spike glycoprotein highlighted that the last variants, annotated as omicron, have about 30 mutations compared to the initial version reported in China, while the delta variant, supposed to be the omicron ancestor, shows only 7 mutations. Moreover, the five omicron variants were isolated between November 2021 and January 2022, and the last variant BA.2.75, unofficially named centaurus, was isolated in May 2022. It appears that, since the isolation of the delta variant (October 2020) to the omicron BA.1 (November 2021), there was an interval of one year, whereas the five omicron variants were isolated in three months, and after a successive four months period, the BA.2.75 variant was isolated. So, what is the temporal and phylogenetic correlation among all these variants? The analysis of common mutations among delta and the omicron variants revealed: i) a phylogenetic correlation among these variants; ii) the existence of BA.1 and BA.2 omicron variants a few months before being isolated; iii) at least three possible intermediate variants during the evolution of omicron; iv) the evolution of the BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 variants from omicron BA.2; v) the centaurus variant evolution from omicron BA.2.12.1.
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Lauring, Adam S., et Preeti N. Malani. « Variants of SARS-CoV-2 ». JAMA 326, no 9 (7 septembre 2021) : 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.14181.

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Tang, Ziyang. « A Study on the Relationship between the 3-D Structure of Spike Proteins and Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant ». Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 8 (17 août 2022) : 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v8i.1124.

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Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan in 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has become a hot topic. Over time, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved many variants. The diversity of the 3-D structure of the variant’s proteins resulted in the difference in the binding ability and infectious differences between different virus variants and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. In 2020, an evolutionary analysis of the Delta and Delta Plus variants of SARS-CoV-2 provided a three-dimensional model of the protein of the delta variant. However, it only focused on the delta variant and Delta plus variant themselves and did not compare the delta variant or delta plus variant with the original strain. It is hard to give a direct or apparent reason why the delta variant is more infectious and difficult to cure than the original strain. Therefore, this paper further compared the 3-D structures of homologous trimeric spike glycoproteins (S-proteins) and the receptor-binding domain between the SARS-COV-2 original strain and the SARS-COV-2 delta variant. By observing and analyzing the models of the above proteins in the PyMOL Molecular Graphics System, the reasons for the increase of infectivity of the delta variant can be interpreted in a direct way. This article also focuses on the data of the Indian cases from the JHU database to deeply analyze the relationship between the structure and transmission ability of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Last but not least, the reproductive ability of SARS-CoV-2 can be reflected by the number of NAG (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose). Through data analysis and protein structure research, we can better understand the characteristics of the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the human receptor, thus providing a theoretical basis for accurately predicting virus variation. Through the comparative study of virus structure and infectiousness, this paper will provide a scientific basis for the relevant departments to improve epidemic prevention and improve the public's vigilance against virus variants.
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Lu, Yonghua, Tianfu Zhao, Ming Lu, Yaopeng Zhang, Xiang Yao, Guoyi Wu, Fangyin Dai, Fengxiu Zhang et Guangxian Zhang. « The Analyses of High Infectivity Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants ». COVID 1, no 4 (24 novembre 2021) : 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid1040054.

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SARS-CoV-2 has high infectivity and some of its variants have higher transmissibility. To explore the high infectivity mechanism, the charge distributions of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and variants of concern were calculated through a series of net charge calculation formulas. The results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein had more positive charges than that of SARS-CoV. Further results showed that the variants had similar but higher positive charges than preexisting SARS-CoV-2. In particular, the Delta variant had the greatest increase in positive charges in S1 resulting in the highest infectivity. In particular, the S1 positive charge increased greatly in the Delta variant. The S1 positive charge increased, and due to the large negative charge of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), this resulted in a large increase in Coulomb’s force between S1 and ACE2. This finding agrees with the expectation that the positive charges in the spike protein result in more negative charges on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than that of SARS-CoV. Thus, the infectivity of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant may be evaluated preliminarily by calculating the charge distribution.
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Mishra, Mitali, Aleena Zahra, Lokendra V. Chauhan, Riddhi Thakkar, James Ng, Shreyas Joshi, Eric D. Spitzer, Luis A. Marcos, W. Ian Lipkin et Nischay Mishra. « A Short Series of Case Reports of COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients ». Viruses 14, no 5 (29 avril 2022) : 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14050934.

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Immunocompromised individuals are at risk of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection due to weaker immunity, co-morbidities, and lowered vaccine effectiveness, which may evolve highly mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2. Nonetheless, limited data are available on the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection, reinfections, and vaccinations with emerging variants in immunocompromised patients. We analyzed clinical samples that were opportunistically collected from eight immunocompromised individuals for mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the identification of immunoreactive epitopes using a high-throughput coronavirus peptide array. The viral genome analysis revealed two SARS-CoV-2 variants (20A from a deceased patient and an Alpha variant from a recovered patient) with an eight amino-acid (aa) deletion within the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the surface glycoprotein. A higher NAb titer was present against the prototypic USA/WA1/2020 strain in vaccinated immunocompromised patients. NAb titer was absent against the Omicron variant and the cultured virus of the 20A variant with eight aa deletions in non-vaccinated patients. Our data suggest that fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections may occur in immunocompromised individuals even with high titers of NAb post-vaccination. Moreover, persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to the emergence of newer variants with additional mutations favoring the survival and fitness of the pathogen that include deletions in NAb binding sites in the SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein.
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De Pace, Vanessa, Bianca Bruzzone, Andrea Orsi, Valentina Ricucci, Alexander Domnich, Giulia Guarona, Nadia Randazzo et al. « Comparative Analysis of Five Multiplex RT-PCR Assays in the Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Variants ». Microorganisms 10, no 2 (27 janvier 2022) : 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020306.

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The rapid and presumptive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants may be performed using multiplex RT-PCR assays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of five qualitative RT-PCR tests as compared with next-generation sequencing (NGS). We retrospectively examined a multi-variant panel (n = 72) of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs categorized as variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta), variants under monitoring (Iota and Kappa) and wild-type strains circulating in Liguria (Italy) from January to August 2021. First, NGS libraries of study samples were prepared and mapped to the reference genome. Then, specimens were screened for the detection of L452R, W152C, K417T, K417N, E484Q, E484K and N501Y mutations using the SARS-CoV-2 Variants II Assay Allplex, UltraGene Assay SARS-CoV-2 452R & 484K & 484Q Mutations V1, COVID-19 Ultra Variant Catcher, SARS-CoV-2 Extended ELITe MGB and Simplexa SARS-CoV-2 Variants Direct. The overall accuracy of these assays ranged from 96.9% to 100%. Specificity and sensitivity were 100% and 96–100%, respectively. We highly recommend the use of these assays as second-level tests in the routine workflow of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory diagnostics, as they are accurate, user friendly, low cost, may identify specific mutations in about 2–3 h and, therefore, optimize the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Variants du SARS-CoV-2"

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CIMINO, Anna Rita. « Amphiphilic and ganglioside-binding properties of SARS CoV-2 Spike protein variants dissected by charge shift electrophoresis in deterged solution ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11695/115828.

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The data contained in this thesis provide a demonstration of the amphiphilic properties of SARS-2-S, the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, as well as of its  (B.1.617.2, delta) and  (B.1.1.529, omicron) variants, obtained by charge shift electrophoresis (CSE) in detergent solution. Wild-type,  and  SARS-2-S presented distinct amphiphilic properties, reflecting their ability to participate in the formation of mixed TX-100/DOC and TX-100/CTAB micelles of homogeneous size. The SARS-2-S  plus variant exhibited a more limited amphiphilicity in TX/DOC, possibly reflecting its propensity for TX-100/DOC micelles with a lower DOC content, perhaps due to charge-specific interactions between DOC and positively charged amino acids. We also provide a demonstration of the ability of different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein to bind GM1 ganglioside, by the same approach, in the absence of detergents. Even though the sialoside-binding ability of coronaviruses was known, ours is the first direct demonstration of the GM1-ganglioside-binding ability of the SARS-2-S glycoprotein. Unlike wild-type SARS-2-S and the SARS-2-S  variant, the SARS-2-S  and  plus variants exhibited, after pre-incubation with GM1, anodal shifts characterized by variable degrees of polydispersity of migration, that likely reflected the formation of heterogeneous populations of micelles and/or aggregates of GM1 ganglioside and SARS-2-S conformers, as though the interaction with GM1 had a disordering effect upon these SARS-2-S variants. Investigation of the determinants of such diverse responses to the interaction with GM1 may help decipher how genetic variation can affect the fusogenic activity and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Elucidating the contribution of GM1 binding to SARS-2-S-mediated viral attachment and entry into target cells might pave the way to the development of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on multimers of oligosaccharides that mimic membrane-bound GM1.
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Saade, Carla. « Immune response against SARS-CoV-2 : impact of viral variants, vaccination, and protection against reinfection ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10271.

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La pandémie COVID-19 a posé des défis majeurs aux systèmes de santé mondiaux, notamment en raison de la capacité du SARS-CoV-2 à acquérir des mutations. Cela a entraîné l'émergence séquentielle de variants préoccupants (VOCs de l’anglais Variants of concern) tels que Alpha, Beta, Delta, et désormais Omicron qui circule sous forme de sous-variants successifs (BA.1, JN.1, KP.3). Ces VOCs soulèvent des questions sur leur capacité à échapper à la réponse immunitaire induite par une infection et/ou une vaccination. Alors que les campagnes de vaccination se poursuivent, il est crucial d'évaluer comment différents schémas d'immunisation conférés par la vaccination homologue ou hétérologue ainsi que par la combinaison d’une infection et de vaccination (immunité hybride), impactent la réponse immunitaire contre les variants émergents. Grâce à une cohorte prospective de soignants, ce projet de thèse visait à étudier la capacité des VOCs à échapper à la réponse immunitaire, l'efficacité des différents schémas d'immunisation, et la durabilité des réponses immunitaires générées. Nos résultats montrent que les variants Alpha et Beta échappent aux anticorps neutralisants induits par l'immunisation contre la souche ancestrale, indépendamment du schéma d'immunisation. Cette capacité d’échappement immunitaire s'étend au-delà des premiers variants, car Delta et Omicron ont aussi présenté une baisse significative de leur capacité à être neutralisés par les anticorps produits lors d’une immunisation préalable. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité cruciale de prendre en compte l'évasion immunitaire spécifique aux variants pour définir les seuils de protection et adapter les stratégies de vaccination. En plus de l’échappement immunitaire des VOCs, l'affaiblissement de la réponse immunitaire contribue également à une diminution de la protection contre le SARS-CoV-2 au fil du temps. Nos résultats montrent que le type d'immunisation, infection ou vaccination, impact significativement le pic et la demi-vie des anticorps dirigés contre le domaine de liaison au récepteur (RBD de l’anglais Receptor binding domain). Cela nous a mené à étudier la réponse immunitaire induite par différents schémas de vaccination 6 mois après l'immunisation. Nous avons montré que l'immunité hybride conduit à une réponse immunitaire plus robuste en comparaison à l'immunité induite par l'infection ou la vaccination seule. Cette réponse améliorée est observée à travers divers paramètres tels que la capacité de neutralisation et le pool de cellules B mémoires, et se traduit par une protection significativement améliorée contre le variant Delta. Ainsi, les individus avec une immunité hybride ont un risque d'infection par Delta réduit de 4,5 fois par rapport à ceux ayant reçu une vaccination homologue. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de prendre en compte ces différences dans les recommandations vaccinales. Néanmoins, des infections dites «breakthrough», c'est-à-dire survenant malgré une vaccination antérieure, sont souvent observées pendant l’ère Omicron chez des individus vaccinés ou même présentant une immunité hybride. Notre étude sur la réponse humorale après une infection «breakthourgh» par BA.1 a révélé que, bien que l'immunité hybride empêche l’augmentation des taux d'IgG4 anti-S et maintient une activité ADCC élevée, elle limite la diversification du pool de cellules B mémoires spécifiques du RBD par rapport à l'immunité induite par la vaccination. Ces résultats indiquent que l’infection «breakthrough» induit des réponses immunitaires distinctes selon les schémas d'immunisation antérieurs, soulignant l’intérêt de considérer l’historique d’immunisation pour personnaliser les recommandations vaccinales. En somme, les résultats obtenus lors de ce travail de thèse soulignent la nécessité d’établir des recommandations vaccinales en fonction des immunisations antérieures pour répondre efficacement aux capacités d’échappement immunitaire des VOCs en circulation
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to global healthcare, largely due SARS-CoV-2’s ability to acquire new mutations. This has led to the sequential emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and now Omicron that exhibited different successive subvariants (notably BA.1, JN.1, and KP.3). These VOCs have raised concerns about their capacity to escape the immune response induced by infection and/or vaccination. As vaccination campaigns continue worldwide, it is crucial to evaluate how different immunization schemes, including homologous and heterologous vaccinations as well as infection combined with vaccination (hybrid immunity), impact the immune response against emerging variants. With a prospective cohort of healthcare workers, this PhD project aimed to investigate i) the capacity of viral variants to escape the immune response, ii) the effectiveness of different immunization schemes, and iii) the durability of the resulting immune responses. Our findings indicated that the Alpha and Beta variants are able to escape neutralizing antibodies induced by immunization against the ancestral strain, regardless of the immunization scheme. This capacity for immune evasion extends beyond these earlier variants, as both the Delta and Omicron variants also demonstrated significant resistance to neutralization by antibodies elicited through prior immunization. Such findings underscore the critical need to consider variant-specific immune escape when establishing protection thresholds and updating vaccination strategies. In addition to viral immune escape the waning of the immune response also contributes to a decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2. Our results show that the type of immunization, i.e. infection or vaccination, significantly influences the peak levels and half-life of antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD). This led us to investigate the immune response induced by different immunization schemes 6 months post-immunization. In particular, we showed that hybrid immunity leads to a more robust immune response 6 months post-immunization compared to immunity induced by either infection or vaccination alone. This enhanced response is observed across various immunological parameters, such as neutralization capacity and the pool of memory B cells, and translates into significantly improved protection against the Delta variant. Individuals with hybrid immunity experienced a 4.5-fold reduction in the risk of Delta infection compared to those with immunity induced solely by homologous vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of considering these differences when formulating vaccination recommendations. Nevertheless, breakthrough infections, i.e. infections occurring despite previous vaccination, are frequently reported during the Omicron era among individuals fully-vaccinated and those with hybrid immunity. Our investigation into the humoral immune response following BA.1 breakthrough infection revealed that while hybrid immunity prevents an increase in anti-S IgG4 levels and maintains a high antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, it limits the diversification of the RBD-specific memory B cell pool compared to vaccination-induced immunity. Hence, our results indicate that BA.1 breakthrough infection elicits distinct immune responses that vary based on prior immunization schemes, which emphasizes the interest to consider immunization history with the aim to personalize vaccination recommendations. Overall, the results obtained throughout this PhD project emphasize the need to incorporate prior immunization history into ongoing adjustments of vaccination strategies and policies to effectively address the evolving immune escape capabilities of VOCs
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Galmiche, Simon. « Identifying the settings at risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the role of children in household transmission, and the incubation period of the main variants in an online case-control study in France ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS144.pdf.

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Notre objectif était d’identifier, pour l’infection à SARS-CoV-2, les lieux de transmission, le rôle des enfants dans la transmission intra-domiciliaire et la période d’incubation. Dans une étude cas-témoins en France métropolitaine incluant des adultes avec infection récente et des témoins non infectés appariés sur l’âge, le sexe, la région, la taille de population, et la semaine, nous avons estimé les odds ratios d’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 pour certains lieux d’intérêt, comportements, activités et la présence d’enfants au domicile. Nous avons analysé les circonstances de transmission décrites par les cas. Nous avons étudié l’effet de l’isolement entre un enfant infecté et les parents au sein des foyers, et la période d’incubation pour différents variants. D’octobre 2020 à octobre 2022, nous avons inclus 691454 cas et 57065 témoins. Après appariement de 175688 cas avec 43922 témoins (4 :1) durant l’étude divisée en neuf périodes, nous avons identifié un risque augmenté d’infection associé aux bureaux partagés, transports en commun et lieux de loisirs. Parmi les cas ayant identifié la source de transmission, celles-ci avaient lieu principalement dans les foyers, auprès de la famille élargie ou d’amis, ou sur le lieu de travail. Les personnes vivant avec des enfants avaient un risque augmenté d’infection, mais l’isolement d’un enfant infecté (notamment l’aération des espaces clos) était associé à une diminution de la transmission. La période d’incubation du variant omicron était environ 1 jour plus courte que pour le variant historique. Cette étude apporte des éléments de preuve sur la transmission du SARS-CoV-2 qui contribueront à la préparation aux prochaines pandémies
We aimed to identify the community settings associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the role of children in household transmission, and the incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a case-control study conducted in mainland France among adults with recent infection and uninfected controls matched on age, sex, region, population size, and calendar week, we estimated the odds ratios of SARS-CoV-2 infection for community settings, behaviours, activities, and children presence in the household. We leveraged the case series to describe the circumstances of transmission. We studied the effect of intra-household isolation from a child with ongoing infection. We determined the incubation period across variants of SARS-CoV-2. Between October 2020 and October 2022, we included 691,454 cases and 57,065 controls. After matching 175,688 cases with 43,922 controls (4:1) across the study divided into nine periods, we identified the risk associated with shared offices, shared transport, and leisure activities. Among the cases who could identify the source of transmission, the most reported transmissions took place in the household, with extended family or friends, or in the workplace. People living with children were at increased risk of infection, but isolation from an infected child (particularly ventilation of indoor areas) was associated with decreased transmission. The incubation period of the omicron variant was shorter by approximately 1 day compared with the historical strain. The evidence provided by this study on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 will help design mitigation strategies in the context of pandemic preparedness
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Unelind, Malin. « Det vi vet om ursprunget och evolutionen av SARS-CoV-2 : - Implementering av aktuella händelser i gymnasieskolan ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178796.

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SARS-CoV-2 började cirkulera i slutet av 2019 och ungefär tre månader senare klassades utbrottet som en pandemi. Idag, ungefär ett och ett halvt år efter virusutbrottet kämpar människor i hela världen fortfarande för att ta sig ur kriserna som pandemin orsakar. Trots stora forskningsinsatser är det ännu mycket som är ovisst kring virusets uppkomst. Olika teorier försöker bevisas men till dagens datum är det inte bekräftat var SARS-CoV-2 har sitt ursprung. Det verkar troligt att SARS-CoV-2 har en gemensam förfader med β-coronaviruset RaTG13. Det är sannolikt att fladdermus tillsammans med minst en mellanvärd har varit inblandad i uppkomsten av viruset. Viruset har gett upphov till flera varianter som spridit ut sig i världen. Globalt samarbete med övervakning av mutationer och varianter är viktigt för hur utvecklingen av pandemin ska fortgå. Med SARS-CoV-2 och Covid-19-pandemin som utgångspunkt analyseras möjligheter och utmaningar med undervisning i gymnasieskolan om aktuella stora händelser.
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred at the end of 2019 and three months later, it was declared as a pandemic. Today, roughly one and a half years later, people across the world are still struggling to get out of the crises caused by the pandemic. Despite the huge efforts within science, much is still uncertain about the virus’ origin. Different theories are trying to be proven by scientists but to date, there is no confirmation from where the virus has its origin, nor whether one or several intermediate hosts have been involved. It seems likely that SARS- CoV-2 has a common ancestor with the bat β-coronavirus RaTG13. Therefore, it is probable that bats with at least one other intermediate host have been involved in the origin of the virus. Several variants have emerged and spread throughout the world. Global cooperation in regards of surveilling mutations and variants is of great importance regarding the development of the pandemic. Using SARS-CoV-2 and the Covid-19 pandemic as a focal point, there is an analysis showing opportunities and challenges when teaching big contemporary events.
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Eriksson, Johanna. « Förekomst av SARS-CoV-2 varianter av särskild betydelse i Region Dalarna, december 2020-januari 2021 ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92995.

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Bakgrund: Den pågående pandemin COVID-19 orsakas av viruset SARS-CoV-2. Sedan december 2020 har nya varianter av viruset med betydande genetiska förändringar upptäckts, gemensamt benämnt varianter av särskild betydelse eller variants of concern (VOC). Just nu är det tre VOC som bevakas särskilt; B.1.1.7 (först upptäckt i Storbritannien), B.1.351 (först upptäckt i Sydafrika) respektive P.1 (först upptäckt i Brasilien). Den tidigaste statistiken från Folkhälsomyndigheten om förekomsten av VOC i Region Dalarna är från februari 2021. Förekomsten av VOC innan dess är fortfarande okänd. I regionen delas analysering av prover vid misstanke om COVID-19 in i de olika kategorierna patienter, vårdpersonal, smittspårning och allmänhet. Befintlig statistik om förekomsten av VOC grundar sig nästan enbart på förekomsten bland allmänhetens prover. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förekomsten av SARS-CoV-2 varianter av särskild betydelse i prover tagna från patienter, vårdpersonal och smittspårningar under december 2020-januari 2021 i Region Dalarna. Studien syftade också till att undersöka när spridningen av respektive VOC kan ha startat i regionen. Metod: Provmaterialet bestod av SARS-CoV-2 positiva prov tagna inom analyskategorierna under tidsperioden. Prover analyserades med RT-PCR och smältkurvsanalys för detektion av VOC-karaktäristiska mutationer. Resultat: Ett fåtal fall av B.1.1.7 detekterades redan i december och en stigande andel av B.1.1.7 påvisades inom analyskategorierna under januari, som tecken på att en regional spridning kan ha startat vid tidpunkten. Endast ett fåtal fall av B.1.351 och/eller P.1 detekterades inom analyskategorierna under tidsperioden, vilket tyder på att en regional spridning av dessa ännu inte hade startat i januari.
Background: The ongoing pandemic COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. Since December 2020 new variants of the virus with significant mutations have been discovered, referred to as variants of concern (VOC). At the point, the occurrence of three VOC is especially monitored; B.1.1.7 (discovered in UK), B.1.351 (discovered in South Africa) and P.1 (discovered in Brazil). The earliest statistics about the occurrence of VOC in Region Dalarna, Sweden, is from February 2021 and the occurrence before that is still unknown. In the region analysis of specimen in case of suspected COVID-19 is divided into the different categories patients, healthcare-staff, infection tracing and public. Existing statistics is based almost exclusively on the occurrence of VOC in specimen from the public. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 VOC among specimens collected from patients, healthcare staff and infection tracing in Region Dalarna during December 2020-January 2021. The study also aimed to examine when the spread of each VOC started in the region. Method: SARS-CoV-2 positive specimen collected within the categories during the time was analyzed with RT-PCR and melting curve analysis for detection of VOC-characteristic mutations. Results: A few cases of B.1.1.7 was detected already in December and an increased percentage of B.1.1.7 was detected within the categories during January, suggesting that a regional spread started at the time. Only a few cases of B.1.351 and/or P.1 was detected within the categories, suggesting that a regional spread of these had not yet started in January.
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Livres sur le sujet "Variants du SARS-CoV-2"

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Chavda, Vivek P., et Vladimir N. Uversky. SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability. New York : Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003467939.

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100818.

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El-Shamy, Ahmed, et Mohamed Ibrahim, dir. What SARS-CoV-2 Variants Have Taught Us : Evolutionary Challenges of RNA Viruses. MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-9832-1.

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability : Diagnostic Strategies, Vaccine Development, and Therapeutic Management. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2024.

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability : Diagnostic Strategies, Vaccine Development, and Therapeutic Management. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2024.

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Focosi, Daniele. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Convergent Evolution : Impact of Virus Variants on Efficacy of COVID-19 Therapeutics and Vaccines. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Umar. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant : A Complete Guide for New Virus Omicron Variant. Independently Published, 2022.

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AYRTON MATHEUS DA SILVA, NASCIMENTO, SILVA ERICK VIANA DA et VIANA KILMA DA SILVA LIMA. TRANSFORMAÇÃO E EVOLUÇÃO EM TEMPOS DISRUPTIVOS. INSTITUTO INTERNACIONAL DESPERTANDO VOCAÇÕES, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-88970-23-2.

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O livro Transformação e evolução em tempos disruptivos reflete, para além das questões científicas apresentadas por seus autores, um marco de resiliência e resistência a tempos de ressurgimento do obscurantismo. Em quase dois anos de Pandemia o mundo vivenciou, na prática, um grande avanço no sentido de construir saber científico. A velocidade desse avanço e o surgimento de novas tecnologias permitiram que a humanidade respondesse, rapidamente, ao SARS COV-2 e suas variantes, através do desenvolvimento de vacinas e novos medicamentos. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo em que isso ocorria, à revelia das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, uma onda de desinformação intencional percorria o globo através das redes sociais. A comunidade científica esteve na pauta dessa discussão, não apenas como fonte da solução do maior desafio sanitário enfrentado pela humanidade nos últimos 100 anos, mas, também, pelo crescimento de teorias da conspiração que questionavam a eficácia das vacinas, da ida ao homem à lua e da terra ser um globo. Nesse sentido, a expressão tempos disruptivos que nos traz à mente a interrupção de processos já estabelecidos e surgimento de outros, precisou ser vista como um ponto de reflexão na construção do saber. Os processos a serem modificados pela ação da humanidade podem ser de avanço ou de retrocesso no processo civilizatório, desde que a utilização das tecnologias, advindas do conhecimento científico, sejam mal utilizadas. Assim sendo, apesar das dificuldades no cenário de distanciamento social, da diminuição de recursos para pesquisa científica e menosprezo à Ciência, por parte de representantes do atraso, a comunidade acadêmica resiste e continua a avançar na divulgação científica. Esse livro, se soma a centenas de outros lançados no Brasil e no exterior com a finalidade de dar continuidade, mesmo na adversidade, ao fortalecimento do saber científico.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Variants du SARS-CoV-2"

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Focosi, Daniele. « SARS-CoV-2 Variants ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Microbiology, 55–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87324-0_6.

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Goswami, Srijan, Ushmita Gupta Bakshi et Shreya Bhattacharya. « SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants ». Dans COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 49–60. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003178514-5.

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Focosi, Daniele. « Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Microbiology, 73–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87324-0_7.

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Ghione, Giorgia, Marta Lovino, Elisa Ficarra et Giansalvo Cirrincione. « BERT Classifies SARS-CoV-2 Variants ». Dans Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Neural Systems to Data Science, 157–63. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3592-5_15.

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Rubio-Casillas, Alberto, et Vladimir N. Uversky. « SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Immuno-Pathophysiology ». Dans SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability, 19–65. New York : Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003467939-2.

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Peacock, Sharon J. « SARS-CoV-2 Variants : Past, Present and Future ». Dans Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 3–23. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5727-6_1.

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Malhotra, Hitesh, Amrit Sarwara, Vandana Garg, Rohit Dutt, Vineet Mittal et Rajeev K. Singla. « Herbal Remedies for COVID-19 Management ». Dans SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability, 391–412. New York : Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003467939-13.

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Lundstrom, Kenneth. « Role of Nucleic Acid Vaccines for the Management of Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 ». Dans SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability, 285–316. New York : Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003467939-10.

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Joshi, Mit, et Bhoomika M. Patel. « COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19-Associated Complications and Their Management ». Dans SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability, 413–42. New York : Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003467939-14.

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Singh, Ashutosh, Rehan Fazal, Upasana Sahu, Manoj Kumar, Sandeep Bhatia, Aniket Sanyal et Naveen Kumar. « Zoonotic Origin, Genomic Organization, Transmission, and Mutation of SARS-CoV-2 ». Dans SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Global Population Vulnerability, 1–18. New York : Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003467939-1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Variants du SARS-CoV-2"

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Silva, LP, LFR Velasco, FA Hurtado, ASC Oliveira, GL Souza, MS Andrade, A. Belmok et CF Sousa. « GENOTIPAGEM DO SARS-COV-2 EM AMOSTRAS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL ». Dans Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 25. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.5829.

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Objetivo: Declarada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em março de 2020, a pandemia da Covid-19 teve o surgimento das primeiras variantes descritas em setembro do mesmo ano. Novas variantes do Sars-CoV-2 foram descritas com características de maior transmissibilidade, evasão da resposta imune e/ou maior letalidade. Mutações relacionadas com a adsorção celular são compartilhadas entre as variantes, sugerindo que, sobre pressão seletiva, o vírus tende a desenvolver formas de escape da resposta imunológica e de maior afinidade ao receptor ACE2. Dessa forma, o monitoramento genômico de Sars-CoV-2 merece grande atenção. A descrição das variantes circulantes no Distrito Federal entre agosto de 2021 e maio de 2022 compõe o propósito deste trabalho. Método: A partir de amostras positivas para Sars-CoV-2, foram utilizados os kits de qPCR Allplex Variants I e Variants II Seegene® e o desenho in house de primers para sequenciamento de sanger em regiões do gene S do vírus, a fim de caracterizar o perfil de mutações que permitiram identificar as variantes de interesse e de preocupação. Conclusão: No início do período monitorado, foram identificadas infecções pelas variantes Alpha, Delta e Gamma; posteriormente, foi evidenciada a predominância da variante Delta, seguida do surgimento e predomínio da variante Omicron. Essa variante foi identificada pela primeira vez na penúltima semana de dezembro, poucos dias antes do pico de infecções por Sars-CoV-2, que ocorreu no início de janeiro. Esses dados permitiram caracterizar a dinâmica de circulação das variantes do Sars-CoV-2 no Distrito Federal. Referências: 1. Arya R, et al. Structural insights into SARS-CoV-2 proteins. J Mol Biol. 2021; 433(2): 166725. 2. Dawood FS, et al. Observations of the global epidemiology of COVID-19 from the prepandemic period using web-based surveillance: a cross-sectional analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20(11): 1255-62.
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« Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Omicron : Biological Features and Genomic Concern ». Dans International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/itrx2370.

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Abstract Corona virus infection is a worldwide health threat that has infected a substantial portion of the world's population and is caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is the natural tendency of a virus to change the genetic makeup through the point mutation, and such viruses are called the variant of the original virus. SARS-CoV-2 virus also undergoes such mutation (may be one or more and distinct from other) over time, and many genetically diverse variant has risen. Such variants might be of variants of concern (VOC) and variant of interest (VOI) based on the differences in virulence, transmissibility, pathogenicity, and vaccination efficacy. Omicron, a new VOC of SARS-CoV-2, has recently emerged as a global distress to more than 115 countries. The article provides a summary of the evolutionary, biological, and genomic aspects of different SARS-CoV-2 VOC with respect to Omicron and found that amino acid mutation in spike proteins such as A67V, Δ69-70, Q954H, N969K, L981F etc and other structural protein mutations such as D3G, Q19E, A63T in membrane protein, T9I in envelope protein and P13L, Δ31-33, R203K, G204R in nucleocapsid protein results major differences between different VOC/VOI of SARS-CoV-2. Further, effectiveness of the widely used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been reviewed specific to Omicron. The existing available COVID-19 vaccines developed and manufactured by Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, and Novavax show reduced efficacy against the latest VOC of SARS- CoV-2 Omicron. Based on the available literature of preliminary findings, people who get a booster shot or a third vaccine dosage may have better protected against Omicron. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Omicron, Variants of Concern, Variants of Interest, Mutation, Vaccine.
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Ajayi, Oluwaseyi, et Tarek Saadawi. « Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 variants Research with Blockchain Architecture ». Dans 2022 IEEE International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference (IEMTRONICS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemtronics55184.2022.9795830.

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Smatti, Maria K., Yasser Al-Sarraj, Omar Albagha et Hadi M. Yassine. « Host Genetic Variants Potentially Associated with SARS-Cov-2 : A Multi-Population Analysis ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0298.

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Background: Clinical outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) showed enormous inter-individual and interpopulation differences, possibly due to host genetics differences. Earlier studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SARS-CoV-1 in Eastern Asian (EAS) populations. In this report, we aimed at exploring the frequency of a set of genetic polymorphisms that could affect SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility or severity, including those that were previously associated with SARS-CoV-1. Methods: We extracted the list of SNPs that could potentially modulate SARS-CoV-2 from the genome wide association studies (GWAS) on SARS-CoV-1 and other viruses. We also collected the expression data of these SNPs from the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) databases. Sequences from Qatar Genome Programme (QGP, n=6,054) and 1000Genome project were used to calculate and compare allelic frequencies (AF). Results: A total of 74 SNPs, located in 10 genes: ICAM3, IFN-γ, CCL2, CCL5, AHSG, MBL, Furin, TMPRSS2, IL4, and CD209 promoter, were identified. Analysis of Qatari genomes revealed significantly lower AF of risk variants linked to SARS-CoV-1 severity (CCL2, MBL, CCL5, AHSG, and IL4) compared to that of 1000Genome and/or the EAS population (up to 25-fold change). Conversely, SNPs in TMPRSS2, IFN-γ, ICAM3, and Furin were more common among Qataris (average 2-fold change). Inter-population analysis showed that the distribution of risk alleles among Europeans differs substantially from Africans and EASs. Remarkably, Africans seem to carry extremely lower frequencies of SARS-CoV-1 susceptibility alleles, reaching to 32-fold decrease compared to other populations. Conclusion: Multiple genetic variants, which could potentially modulate SARS-CoV-2 infection, are significantly variable between populations, with the lowest frequency observed among Africans. Our results highlight the importance of exploring population genetics to understand and predict COVID-19 outcomes. Indeed, further studies are needed to validate these findings as well as to identify new genetic determinants linked to SARS-CoV-2.
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Solodkov, P. P., T. N. Belovezhets, A. N. Chikaev, K. O. Baranov, S. V. Kulemzin, A. A. Gorchakov, S. V. Guselnikov et al. « SINGLE DOMAIN LLAMA ANTIBODIES BROADLY NEUTRALIZING SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS ». Dans X Международная конференция молодых ученых : биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-127.

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The late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic is marked by the appearance of mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2 that can escape the immunity against the Wuhan virus. In this work, we report on the development of a panel of antiviral agents — single-domain antibodies that recognize independent epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Four antibodies from this panel neutralize a wide range of virus variants, including the most common ones at present: XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16.
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Dias, Brenda, Andrea Silva, Ariane Souza, Luma Moura, Nathália Alves, Vanessa Rocha, Ana Argondizzo, Sheila Lima, Helena Toma et Adriana Azevedo. « Neutralizing antibodies and igg avidity against SARS-CoV-2 variants ». Dans International Symposium on Immunobiologicals. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.2023_58035.

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Zainutdinov, S. S., G. A. Kudrov, A. V. Shipovalov, Yu A. Merkuleva et I. S. Shulgina. « VECTOR SYSTEM BASED ON THE SENDAI VIRUS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTRANASAL VACCINES AGAINST RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS USING THE EXAMPLE OF COVID-19 ». Dans OpenBio-2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-248.

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A system for obtaining recombinant variants of the Sendai virus of the Moscow strain carrying transgenes of protectively significant proteins of infectious agents was designed. On its basis, the Sen-RBDdelta(M) variant was obtained, expressing the secreted form of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor-binding domain, which showed immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the BALB/c mouse model after a single intranasal injection.
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Benslimane, Fatiha M., Hebah Al Khatib, Dana Albatesh, Ola Al-Jamal, Sonia Boughattas, Asmaa A. Althani et Hadi M. Yassine. « Nanopore Sequencing SARS-CoV-2 Genome in Qatar ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0289.

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Background: The current pandemic, COVID-19, is cause by an RNA Coronavirus that was recently identified as SARS-CoV-2. RNA viruses tend to have a high mutation rate; the rate is around a million times greater than that of their hosts. The mutagenic potential of the virus depends on many factors, including the fidelity of nucleic acid-replicating viral enzymes, such as SARSCoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The rate of mutation drives viral evolution and genome variability, consequently allowing viruses to escape the immunity of the host and develop resistance to drugs. Therefore, the characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants might lead to implement better therapeutics treatments, vaccines design and identify new diagnostics approaches. Aim: The aim of this study was to establish a fast sequencing method to identify SARS-CoV-2 mutations in Qatar. This will help to assess if there are new viral variants that are spreading in country. Methods: RNA was isolated from samples collected from Qatar COVID-19 positive patients. The Artic Network V3 primer scheme and Oxford Nanopore ligation sequencing kit were used to prepare the sequencing libraries. Libraries were loaded on to R9.4.1 flow cells and ran on a GridION. Bioinformatics analysis was done following the Artic Network SARA-CoV-2 bioinformatics tools. Results: Genome coverage of sequenced samples was >80% and the depth was average at 200x. The coverage was highly dependable on sample viral load; samples of CT value lower than 30 resulted in better sequence coverage. The sequenced genomes were deposited in GISAID and were mainly clustering with genomes deposited from the UK. Sequences were compared to Illumina and sanger sequences and they showed compatible results. Conclusion: The use of ONT to sequence SARA-CoV-2 is a quick, affordable, and reliable technique to determine viral mutation. Using this technique, the first sequences from Qatar were deposited in to GISAID. Up to date, 700 genomes have been sequenced from Qatari samples.
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Lopez, Edgar Clyde R. « Structure-Based Screening of Potential Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Variants ». Dans The 4th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences. Basel Switzerland : MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asec2023-15536.

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Bhattacharya, Debarpan, Debottam Dutta, Neeraj Sharma, Srikanth Raj Chetupalli, Pravin Mote, Sriram Ganapathy, Chandrakiran C et al. « Analyzing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on respiratory sound signals ». Dans Interspeech 2022. ISCA : ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2022-10389.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Variants du SARS-CoV-2"

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Vagnoni, Cristiana. Which SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce the effectiveness of vaccines ? Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr65.

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New SARS-CoV-2 variants identified around the world could have an impact on current vaccination programmes. What is the latest evidence on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines used in the UK on new variants? How quickly can these vaccines be updated and approved? What alternative strategies can be used?
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Border, Peter. SARS-CoV-2 virus variants : a year into the COVID-19 pandemic. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr58.

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In recent months several new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been detected in various countries around the world. This article examines how these variants arise, how genetic variation might affect the characteristics of the virus, and the possible impact that these new variants might have on the course of the pandemic.
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Tuite, Ashleigh R., David N. Fisman, Ayodele Odutayo, Pavlos Bobos, Vanessa Allen, Isaac I. Bogoch, Adalsteinn D. Brown et al. COVID-19 Hospitalizations, ICU Admissions and Deaths Associated with the New Variants of Concern. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.18.1.0.

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New variants of concern (VOCs) now account for 67% of all Ontario SARS-CoV-2 infections. Compared with early variants of SARS-CoV-2, VOCs are associated with a 63% increased risk of hospitalization, a 103% increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and a 56% increased risk of death due to COVID-19. VOCs are having a substantial impact on Ontario’s healthcare system. On March 28, 2021, the daily number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ontario reached the daily number of cases observed near the height of the second wave, at the start of the province-wide lockdown, on December 26, 2020. The number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 is now 21% higher than at the start of the province-wide lockdown, while ICU occupancy is 28% higher (Figure 1). The percentage of COVID-19 patients in ICUs who are younger than 60 years is about 50% higher now than it was prior to the start of the province-wide lockdown. Because the increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, ICU admission and death with VOCs is most pronounced 14 to 28 days after diagnosis, there will be significant delays until the full burden to the health care system becomes apparent.
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Bunn, Sarah. COVID-19 : Omicron, recent developments, and the likely impact of future variants on the pandemic. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr78.

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The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been found across the world since it was first detected in early November 2021. This article describes the characteristics of the variant and its health impacts. It also discusses vaccine effectiveness against the variant and the medium and long-term outlook for the future course of the pandemic.
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Desveaux, Laura, Rhiannon Mosher, Judy L. Buchan, Rachel Burns, Kimberly M. Corace, Gerald A. Evans, Leandre R. Fabrigar et al. Behavioural Science Principles for Enhancing Adherence to Public Health Measures. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.24.1.0.

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The science of getting people to start something new is different from the science of getting them to continue positive behaviours. Amid rising rates of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, Ontario needs a refreshed approach to maintaining and enhancing adherence to public health measures. Promising strategies to increase effective masking and physical distancing include persuasion, enablement, modelling the behaviour, and clear education.
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Betancur Ortiz, Idabely, Cristian Arbey Velarde et Celeny Ortiz Restrepo. Situación epidemiológica de las variantes del virus SARS-CoV-2 detectadas en Antioquia, de diciembre 2020 a enero 2022. Instituto Nacional de Salud, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2022v4n1a4.

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Introducción: la secuenciación genómica es una herramienta que permite identificar variantes del SARSCoV-2. La red de vigilancia genómica de Antioquia, viene trabajando en la caracterización de las variantes circulantes en el territorio, con el propósito de aportar evidencia científica a los tomadores de decisiones en el marco de la pandemia. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir la situación epidemiológica de las variantes de SARSCoV-2 detectadas en Antioquia desde diciembre de 2020 a enero de 2022. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Las muestras secuenciadas hicieron parte de los muestreos probabilísticos y rutinarios del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). Para la secuenciación se usó la plataforma de Oxford nanopor, además se emplearon las bases de datos del Sivigila y de reporte de casos COVID-19 del INS para los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. La identificación de los linajes y score de calidad de las secuencias se llevó a cabo en Nextclade y Pangolin. Resultados: en Antioquia se identificaron variantes circulantes de SARS-CoV-2 en 2 675 muestras. Dentro de las variantes y/o linajes identificados los Delta, Mu y Gamma comprendieron la mayor proporción, aportando el 39 %, 27 % y 14 % respectivamente, sin embargo, la variante Ómicron desde su identificación (10 diciembre de 2021) presentó una amplia distribución en el departamento. Discusión: la determinación de los linajes ha permitido evidenciar la diversidad genética viral que circula en la región mostrando una prevalencia diferencial espacio-temporal con respecto al contexto nacional. La vigilancia genómica se fortalecerá con el objetivo de monitorear el comportamiento en virtud a variables sociodemográficas.
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Bunn, Sarah. COVID-19 : The Omicron Variant. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr75.

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The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has been found across the world since it was first detected in early November 2021. This article describes the characteristics of the variant, why scientists are concerned, and the possible impact that it might have on the course of the pandemic.
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Moreno, Viviana Carolina, Ximena Castro, Claudia Marcela Muñoz et Giomar Sichaca Ávila. Situación de salud pública y migración en tiempos de pandemia, Necoclí, Antioquia, 2021. Instituto Nacional de Salud, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2022v4n1a1.

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Introducción: Necoclí es un municipio del departamento de Antioquía, ubicado en la costa Atlántica, con 70 824 habitantes. Desde junio de 2021 se identificó represamiento de migrantes de Suramérica y África. En este artículo se presentan algunos factores que pueden favorecer la ocurrencia de eventos de interés en salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la situación de salud pública y migración en Necoclí. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, para conocer la situación epidemiológica se priorizaron eventos de interés en salud pública y se identificaron comportamientos inusuales. Se realizó búsqueda activa institucional, PCR en tiempo real para detección SARS-CoV-2, vigilancia genómica y georreferenciación de asentamientos de migrantes. Se realizaron canales endémicos, distribución de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión y cálculo de positividad para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: se identificaron aproximadamente 14 500 migrantes en condiciones de hacinamiento, los principales puntos de ubicación fueron el barrio Caribe y Simón Bolívar. Se observaron comportamientos inusuales para malaria, dengue, infección respiratoria aguda (poisson=0.00) y variación >30 %. Se identificaron 98 casos sin notificar al sistema de vigilancia. Se identificó un brote de malaria con 91 casos. Se tomaron 299 muestras para COVID-19, mediana de edad 40 años (RIQ: 29 - 51), se confirmaron 14 casos de COVID-19 (positividad de 4,7 %), se secuenciaron variantes de interés Mu (B.1.621) y preocupación Gamma (P.1.7). Se establecieron acciones para abordar problemas sanitarios como deficiencia de agua potable, manejo de residuos y hacinamiento; también se apoyó el fortalecimiento de la vigilancia y las estrategias para agilizar paso de migrantes. Conclusiones: se identificó represamiento de migrantes, deficiencia en las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, brote de COVID-19 y malaria. Se requiere continuar realizando acciones integrales a nivel nacional, departamental y municipal con participación de la comunidad.
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Plans for SARS-CoV-2 variant assessment and response. Public Health Scotland, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52487/96298.

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