Thèses sur le sujet « Valorisation de CO₂ »
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Elia, Nathalie. « Valorisation énergétique de CO₂ via la méthanation par voie catalytique ». Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0505/document.
Texte intégralThis study concerns the valorization of carbon dioxide by the methanation process. It aims to develop effectiv catalysts for this reaction. The active species is metallic nickel. Different supports have been studied such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, Y₂O₃ and CeO₂. These catalysts were prepared by the dry impregnation method. Initially, the different catalysts were characterized by different physicochemical techniques including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR-H₂), Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD-CO₂), nitrogen adsorption (BET method) and hydrogen chemisorption. In a second step, the various catalysts thus prepared were tested in the CO₂ methanation reaction. The Ni/CeO₂ catalysts has the best catalytic performance, among the systems studied. The addition of ruthenium improves the catalytic activity and the stability of the catalysts. The catalyst Ru(0.5%)-Ni(5%)/CeO₂ is the most efficient, it has good catalytic activity and good stability even as a pressure of 10 bar. This makes it advantageous for an industrial application
Chery, Déborah. « Approche prévisionnelle de la valorisation électrochimique du CO2 dans les carbonates fondus ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066697/document.
Texte intégralCarbon Dioxide is a greenhouse which can be valorised by means of electrochemical valorisation into carbon monoxide. The main goals of the thesis consist in the theoretical determination of the conductive conditions leading to this electrochemical valorisation in alkali molten carbonates along with the study of the feasability of this electrochemical reduction in binary and ternary eutectics under experimental condition. CO2 solubility has been determined by manometric measure and increase along with the temperature. CO2 electrochemical experimental feasibility into CO in eutectics on gold plate electrode and graphite carbon has been prooved by cyclic voltamperometry for temperatures exceeding 550°C , without gold plate electrode preatreatement and with gold plate preatreatement by an pre-electrolysis at potential sligthly negative as the CO2 reduction potential. A global approach of reactional mecanisms implied in CO2 reduction is proposed
Jammes, Christophe. « Co-valorisation d’effluents graisseux et de résidus lignocellulosiques : déshydratation mécanique et compostage ». Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c6f6c5f6-077b-4d55-8467-48a015bad2fd/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4002.pdf.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this project is to answer a double environmental problem, while allowing creating a new way of valorisation of fat sludge while reducing the important sawdust stock produces by forest industry in their bringing an added value. The study consists in dewatering greasy effluents on filter press with lignocellulosic residues like additive of filtration. Dewatering makes it possible to reduce sludge volume and to make solid of liquid fat sludge what facilitates their handling in particular during transport. The tests carried out on various types of greases underline the part played by the sawdust during filtration as well as the identification of the optimal characteristics of the lignocellulosic additive. The sludge dewatered were perforated mixes some with green waste. The mixture is facilitated by the solid structure of greases avoiding the phenomenon of percolation through the wind-row as well as the loss of grease in the leachate. The compost was analyzed in order to assess its qualities for an agricultural use. The purpose is to replace the current additives of filtration, expensive and less effective with fat sludge, by lignocellulosic residues thus allowing the launching of a natural additive of filtration facilitating agronomic valorisation
Flourat, Amandine. « Valorisation de co-produits de filières agroindustrielles, de la chimie verte aux applications ». Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS020.
Texte intégralThe need for a shift to a green economy is becoming increasingly urgent as confirmed by the recent IPCC report. In order to support the structuring of sustainable agro-industrial sectors for the production of energy or commodities, the parallel development of markets with smaller volumes but with a very high added value is necessary. Among these high-potential markets, the health and cosmetics sectors are particularly promising. Two developments related to plant chemistry will be addressed by the prism of co-products generated after a first transformation of renewable resource.In the first place, the paper industry, in crisis, generates large quantities of sawdust that can be converted by flash pyrolysis into levoglucosenone. This chiral, bi-cyclic (5 and 7-membered) molecule with numerous chemical functionalities (ketone, acetal, alkene) is a platform compound opening up a vast field of opportunities for biosourced chemistry. Obtaining chiral molecules from levoglucosenone opens up applications in the pharmaceutical field, in the bio-control sector and also in the food industry.On the other hand, para-hydroxycinnamic acids obtained from agricultural residues such as wheat bran, rapeseed or sunflower meal or mustard bran represent a source of phenolic compounds with high potential. These molecules are known to possess a certain number of physico-chemical (anti-radical, anti-UV) and biological (anticancer, anti-inflammatory) activities. Pathways of functionalization of these molecules by synthetic methods respecting the concepts of green chemistry will be explored in order to improve these properties, especially for the production of anti-UV
Tali, El'hadj. « Valorisation d'un co-produit issu de l'hydrolyse de l'amidon dans l'industrie du béton ». Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0083.
Texte intégralThe aim of the present research was the valorization of a by-product coming from the hydrolysis of starch as an admixture for mortars and concretes. The use of this by-product allowed an extended time of workability, a limited bleeding, and reduced plastic shrinkage and permeability. The mechanical strenghts at 16 hours were improved and those at 28 days remained constant. Moreover, it was shown that the formulation of the standard mortar is not adapted to caracterize the effect of a plasticizer on the time of workability. The water/cernent ratio is a dominant factor to ensure this workability. As bleeding can be prevented, the performances hardened concrete does not decrease
Provost, Margot. « Valorisation de la fraction protéique des co-produits de saumon : étude et optimisation ». Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0045.
Texte intégralBy-products are the not used parts and recoverable in the fish processing operations, such as heads, skins, bones or pulp. The processing industry of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) generates about 50% of co-products, which are a source of high quality protein. This work is part of Pesk&Co project, which gather four industrial partners (Meralliance-Thai Union Yslab, SPF-DIANA, AGH-SOCOFAG) and one academic partner (LEMAR UMR 6539, UBO) in order to extract and characterize high value ingredients from farmed Atlantic salmon by-products (Salmo salar). The first aim of the thesis was to develop a method for extracting collagen from salmon skins by the setting up of a non-conventional process at LEMAR and finally developed it at pilot and industrial scale. The collagen obtained was characterized by different analytical methods (FPLC-SEC, SDS-PAGE, FTIR, rheology, microscopy). Then, enzymatic cross-linking assays of collagen with a microbial transglutaminase led to obtain a collagen hydrogel. The second objective of this work was focused on the hydrolysis under controlled conditions of salmon heads to generate functional peptides for aquaculture. Two enzymatic hydrolysis protocols have been developed and transferred at pilot scale. The hydrolysates were incorporated into diets to be tested on bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax). Both ingredients developed during this work have for future use to be commercialized and different markets and applications are targeted
Lebbar, Salim. « Valorisation biologique de co-produits de l'extraction de l'agar issu du Gelidium sesquipedale ». Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0082.
Texte intégralThis work aims at promoting the bioactive molecules initially present in Gelidium sesquipedale. The rhodophycea agarophytes, including Gelidium sesquipedale, are used for industrial extraction of agar, a phycocolloid with gelling properties, which they contain in abundance. A multitude of co-products are generated during the extraction of the agar. These co-products have only been studied a little, hence not valued, while they constitute a significant source of molecules of interest. Firstly, the industrial agar extraction process was adapted on a laboratory scale, in order to recover these coproducts, which were subsequently subjected to an analysis, which revealed the presence of carbohydrates as major components. They were submitted to a fractionation process to obtain oligosaccharidic fractions, with a potential of elicitor activity, and a yield estimated at 15.7% of dry Gelidium sesquipedale. Also, a follow-up of co-products from batches of Gelidium sesquipedale harvested in different years from 2014 to 2016, enabled the comparison of the composition of the various co-products, depending on the year of the harvest, and thus to evaluate the variability of the initial resource. In addition, the impact of an extraction factor, being the sodium concentration, and the comparison with an industrial co-product produced by this process, were carried out. The retained fractions were characterized by GPC, ESI-MS, NMR and permethylation that allowed the elucidation of the structures of the oligosaccharides they contain, and revealed in particular the presence of floridoside derivatives including Gal2glycerol, Gal3glycerol and Gal4glycerol, which are original molecules in Gelidium sesquipedale, not described to date in red algae. A final part consisted in measuring the activity of these fractions as elicitor that could be estimated on tomato plants through measurements of biochemical markers relating to the expression of defense reactions in the plant. In conclusion, the co-products from agar extraction represent a source of pSDNs (phyto stimulator of natural defense in the plant) and give a new perspective to the agar industry
Burton, Tobias. « Synthèse de morpholine-2,5-diones et de (co)polydepsipeptides pour la valorisation d'acides aminés ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS110.
Texte intégralOver the course of this work, the elaboration and the organocatalysed polymerisation and copolymerisation of morpholine-2,5-diones, monomers derived from α-amino acids, was studied. Firstly, an experimental protocol was developed, allowing for the synthesis of morpholine-2,5-diones from different amino-acids. The latter was then used for the production of a mix of morpholine-2,5-diones from a blend of amino-acids. This mixture of morpholine-2,5-diones was subsequently copolymerised using different catalysts. Next, the ring-opening polymerisation of 3S-(isobutyl)morpholine-2,5-dione as well as its copolymerisation with lactide was investigated via organocatalysis using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and a thiourea co-catalyst. This catalytic system granted great control over the synthesis of polydepsipeptides and poly(depsipeptide-r-lactide) copolymers. Finally, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of the different reactions developed herein, mechanochemical and microwave-based procedures were investigated. Using these techniques, a range of morpholine-2,5-diones were successfully produced in a much simpler and faster manner whilst using considerably less solvent and energy. Mechanochemistry also proved successful for the organocatalysed ring-opening polymerisation of 3S-(isobutyl)morpholine-2,5-dione and its copolymerisation with lactide. This study grants access to the direct comparison between solution and mechanochemical based ROPs which is, to date, a mostly unexplored field
Gotico, Philipp. « Stratégies bio-inspirées pour la réduction catalytique et la valorisation du dioxyde de carbone ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS283/document.
Texte intégralThe criticality of global warming urges for the advancement of science to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the atmosphere. At the heart of this challenge is the development of sustainable catalysts that can help capture, activate, reduce, and eventually valorize CO₂. This PhD work tried to respond to this call by developing molecular mimics inspired by natural systems in the larger scheme of artificial photosynthesis. Firstly, it involved tracking the journey of a photon of visible light and how it is transformed to a reducing power able to reduce CO₂. Secondly, in search for more efficient and stable catalysts, new mimics were synthesized inspired by the exceptional performance of CO dehydrogenase enzymes (CODH) in reducing CO₂. Lastly, further understanding of CODH also led to a proof-of-concept that directly valorizes the photo-produced CO for the synthesis of isotopically-labelled amide bonds, a common motif in pharmaceutically-relevant drugs
Fromanger, Romain. « Etude des possibilités de valorisation des pentoses par fermentation alcoolique d'hydrolysats de paille de blé ». Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0038/document.
Texte intégralThe yeast Candida shehatae was the model microorganism of the study. This yeast canconvert xylose and glucose into ethanol, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae traditionally usedin industrial processes, which cannot convert xylose. Performance optimization of ethanolproduction from xylose is performed through maximization of the following three criteria:volumetric productivity, final ethanol titer and yield of ethanol over xylose. To direct thecarbon flux towards ethanol production, the major parameter which must be controlled is thelevel of oxygen limitation. Cultures are carried out in fed-batch in mineral medium andperformed in two phases: the first one is not limited in oxygen and the second one is oxygenrestricted. A mean value of qO2 equal to 1.19 mmolO2/gX/h maximizes the three criteria ofperformance on xylose: ethanol yield (0.327 gETOH/g-xylose), the maximum specificproductivity (0.22 gETOH/gX/h) and the final ethanol titer (48.81 g/L). For glucosefermentation, ethanol yield is the highest (0.411 gETOH/g-glucose) when qO2 is low as anaverage value of 0.30 mmolO2/gX/h, while the specific productivity and the ethanol final titerreach maximum values of 0.35 gETOH/gX/h and 54.19 g/L for respectively qO2 of 1.7 and2.5 mmolO2/gX/h.For the simultaneous consumption of the two substrates, a phenomenon of glucose repressionover xylose is observed in chemostat experiment with glucose pulse on xylose steady state.The presence of intracellular enzymes of the xylose pathway (XR and XDH) is not sufficientfor efficient co-consumption of both sugars and glucose is preferentially consumed.In order to structure the knowledge obtained on the metabolism of C. shehatae and tooptimize by simulation the co-culture C. shehatae / S. cerevisiae to produce ethanol fromxylose/ glucose mixtures, a kinetic model of C. shehatae is built. This model is validated withpure substrate cultures (xylose and glucose separated). A kinetic model of co-culture is thenbuilt in order to simulate several fermentation strategies to optimize the ethanol productionfrom xylose/glucose mixture similar to wheat straw hydrolysates
Lefranc-Morel, Sophie. « Valorisation de l’histoire et du patrimoine des coopératives agricoles : l’exemple de la Loire ». Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET2176/document.
Texte intégralBorn out of misery, agricultural co-operatives have been walking hand in hand with farrners through economie, political and societal changes since the beginning of the 20th century.. Economie tool designed tofulfill the development of their members and their territories, they never stopped proving their capacities to adapt. However, their political model involving members to the decision-making process had suffered from changes such as diversification, the establishment of subsidiaries, the opening to non-co-operative partners.The place of members has to be reassessed, their loyalty being an undeniable asset for the co-op.This study is based upon the analysis of the minutes of the general assemblies of five agricultural coops.It aims at making history an asset in the management of the members: by building knowledge, history can feed communication towards members. Finally, it is proposed to carry out this research in a co-operative way so as to pool resources
Liang, Yingjie. « Co-valorisation de sédiments et de sols fins par apport de liants et de fibres ». Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731611.
Texte intégralNguyen, Thi My Huong. « Valorisation de matières premières marines de faible valeur ajoutée : application aux co-produits de thon ». Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2087.
Texte intégralBernardo, Maria Manuel Serrano. « Study of the valorisation of the solid by-products obtained in the co-pyrolysis of different wastes ». Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10979.
Texte intégralBattisti, Martina. « Exploring new catalysts for the valorisation of carbon dioxide from biogas ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24373/.
Texte intégralLe, Bihan Estelle. « Valorisation des co-produits issus de la pêche des céphalopodes : applications à la seiche Sepia officinalis ». Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2043.
Texte intégralThe cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, is one of the main species capted in the Basse-Normandie fisheries. These animals are principally exportated in eviscerated and freezing form to Mediterranean countries and to Japan. Then, high quantities of co-products are available from factories transformation of cephalopods. Enzymological and biochemical studies on co-products demonstrated an elevated potential in the valorisation of viscera by silage technical. Two silages are developed in our laboratory: LBBMA4 and LBBMA25. Primary, they are studed in vitro as substrate for the culture of micro-organisms. This study established that silage LBBMA25 permit to obtain good growth kinetic and biomass, with comparable results to commercial peptone. Secondary, silages can be used as dietary complement. In this way, using silage LBBMA4 or LBBMA25 at low level in diet of post-larvae crustacean or juvenile mollusc and fish allowed to increase zootechnical parameters and to stimulate ontogenesis. Searching of bioactive molecules in silage show the presence of growth factors-like, digestion regulator and immunostimulator molecules. All data obtained during this study, demonstrated that our cuttlefish silage from co-products possess numerous applications
Carretier, Séverine. « Intérêts des procédés membranaires dans le post-traitement des digestats liquides et valorisation des co-produits ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20049/document.
Texte intégralIntense spreading of livestock wastes are recognized to be detrimental to the environment due to their content of organic matter and mineral fraction. Then, it would appear to be necessary to promote greens treatments processes. In fact, anaerobic digestion allows the production of biogas (extremely useful source of renewable energy), whilst digestate should be a highly valuable biofertilizer This work enters in this approach by proposing to complete anaerobic digestion steps by the use of perm-selective membrane separation process. The first step is a clarification step by ultrafiltration, following by a soluble mineral concentration step by nanofiltration, low pressure and/or high pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO, HPRO). The tests were performed in a laboratory-scale pilot unit using real digestates. For clarification step, a cross-flow mode separation is obligate in view of suspended solid concentrations and viscosity which appeared as a determining factor for the choice of operative protocol. In any case, the ultra-filtration operation allows a high organic retention rate (of 80 to 90%). Conversely, soluble mineral retention remained at negligible as expected. The cut-off of ultrafiltration membrane is not a determining factor for this retention. Despite the cross-flow mode separation filtration induces a compound accumulation on the membrane which decreases significantly the permeability of filtering media. This permeability drop appears greater when suspension presents a high COD concentration. This criterion appears as a limiting factor to achieve a high volumic concentration factor (VCF). Membrane surface to develop is then directly related to the membrane permeability which depends on the digestate origin and VCF. The operational cost is linked directly to the energy required to ensure cross-flow mode. The retention of soluble mineral compounds by HPRO exceeds 90% whatever the target ions or the origine of digestate are. However, for NF and LPRO steps, this rejection depends on the target ions or the origine of digestate. In any case, organic retention is important (more than 90%) which allows significant discoloration of permeate. The, the more the electronic conductivity (EC) is, the more permeability decreases of suspension is important, due to an osmotic pressure and soluble compound accumulation on the membrane that increases with EC. This conductivity depends on initial digestate and, of course, of the chosen VCF target, which appears as decisive parameter for unit dimensioning. On the efficient energy, energy linked to separation step chosen is dominant in the absence of cross-flow mode of retentate. This work has allowed to confirm the potential interest of membrane separation to (i) obtain a final effluent: named fresh or new water and (ii) and (ii) to allow the production of liquid fertilizers.This work is financially supported by the National French Agency (Bio-Energy Program 2010, DIVA Project) and by TRIMATEC competitiveness cluster
Hernandez, Pardo Mario Andres. « Hydrogen production from anaerobic co-digestion of coffee mucilage and swine manure ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778944.
Texte intégralThong, Deng Honda. « Extraction et mise en forme (en liposomes) de phospholipides issus d'un co-produit par voie supercritique ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14351/document.
Texte intégralThe demand in phospholipids is increasing because of their use in defferent domains, i.e. pharmaceutics, food industry, and cosmetics. Nowadays, the main sources of phospholipids come from soya and egg yolk classically extracted using organic solvents. The present work was undertaken in order to add value to waste products of fishery and to extract the lipids using a green technology. We developed an alternative green technique for lipid extraction based on the use of GRAS solvents as CO2 and ethanol. The extractions were carried out by flowing supercritical CO2. Varying the operating conditions (pressure, temperature, proportion and nature of the co-solvent, type of reactors) allowed obtaining extracts with different purities and contents in phospholipids. Finally, we explored the possibility of producing liposomes by coupling the phospholipid extraction using supercritical fluids and the vesicle formation in a continuous process
Décultot, Marie. « Intensification par pervaporation de la synthèse de carbonates organiques à partir d'alcools et de CO₂ Solubility of CO₂ in methanol, ethanol, 1,2-propanediol and glycerol from 283.15 K to 373.15 K and up to 6.0 MPa Organic carbonates synthesis improved by pervaporation for CO₂ utilisation ». Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR08.
Texte intégralCO₂ valorisation consists of using this greenhouse gas that is the most emitted into the atmosphere to produce molecules that are usually synthesized from oil. The combination of CO2 and alcohols produces organic carbonates with many applications. The equilibrium constants of the DEC (diethyl carbonate) and PC (propylene carbonate) synthesis reactions were experimentally evaluated for different operating conditions. A kinetic modelling was carried out based on mechanisms developed in the literature. The pervaporation of reaction mixtures models of DEC and PC allows effective dehydration that displaces the balance of the reaction. The experimental study of the reaction/pervaporation coupling made it possible to multiply by 8 the yields obtained without dehydration. According to the modelling, it is possible to significantly increase yields by improving reaction kinetics and pervaporation conditions
Bernardo, Maria Manuel Serrano. « Physico-chemical characterization of chars produced in the co-pyrolysis of wastes and possible routes of valorisation ». Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10213.
Texte intégralA presente dissertação tem como objectivo principal o estudo da valorização dos carvões obtidos na co-pirólise de resíduos de plásticos, pneus e biomassa florestal. Os carvões pirolíticos foram submetidos a um tratamento multietápico tendo em vista a obtenção de materiais carbonosos de valor acrescentado. Realizou-se uma caracterização físico-química dos carvões tratados tendo em vista o estudo de possíveis aplicações destes materiais, nomeadamente, a possibilidade de serem utilizados como adsorventes de poluentes. Os carvões pirolíticos brutos foram submetidos a uma extracção sequencial com solventes orgânicos de polaridade crescente seguida de uma desmineralização ácida. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o procedimento multietápico realizado garantiu uma descontaminação eficiente dos carvões, permitindo a recuperação de uma fracção significativa dos óleos da pirólise e/ou de subprodutos condensados que ficaram retidos nos carvões brutos, assim como uma redução significativa do seu conteúdo em cinzas. O procedimento de desmineralização ácida realizado permitiu também concluir que os metais pesados maioritários, assim como os mais tóxicos, estão significativamente imobilizados e retidos na matriz dos carvões, desde que não sejam aplicadas condições acídicas agressivas. A análise elementar aos carvões permitiu determinar heteroátomos como o oxigénio, enxofre e azoto, sendo este facto indicativo da presença de grupos funcionais na superfície dos carvões, o que representa um interesse acrescido relativamente à adsorção de poluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos específicos. As propriedades texturais e de adsorção dos carvões tratados foram determinadas e os resultados obtidos indicaram que estes carvões são predominantemente materiais meso e macroporosos, com capacidade para adsorver moléculas volumosas. O tratamento aplicado aos carvões permitiu obter materiais carbonáceos com qualidade suficiente para serem reutilizados como adsorventes ou como percursores de carvão activado.
Ferrer, Riera Pablo. « Valorisation of Mediterranean agroindustrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171747.
Texte intégral[ES] Actualmente, la sostenibilidad del sector porcino depende de su capacidad para responder a la elevada demanda de productos ganaderos derivada del crecimiento de la población, adaptándose a los cambios en los contextos económico y político, y mejorando su rendimiento medioambiental mediante la mitigación de su impacto ambiental. En este contexto, el uso de subproductos agroindustriales ofrece materias primas alternativas en producción animal, con una menor carga ambiental asociada, en forma de piensos para el ganado, fuente de compuestos bioactivos o materias primas útiles en la producción de bioenergía. Esta tesis doctoral pretende evaluar el uso de subproductos agroindustriales mediterráneos como ingredientes en piensos para el ganado porcino o como co-substratos para la producción de biogás. Con este objetivo, se diseñaron y realizaron cuatro ensayos para evaluar el uso de subproductos de la industria del aceite de oliva y del zumo de naranja en alimentación porcina, evaluando su valor nutricional y las consecuencias de su inclusión sobre el rendimiento y la salud de los animales, la calidad del producto final y las emisiones de gases de los purines. Además, se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de cuatro sustratos agrícolas sobre el potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP) en co-digestión anaerobia con purines. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los ensayos de valor nutricional indican que las tortas de aceituna y las pulpas de naranja ensayadas pueden ser incluidas en la dieta con cambios asociados en la excreción de nutrientes que conducen a modificaciones en las emisiones potenciales de amoníaco y BMP de los purines. En cuanto a los subproductos de la torta de aceituna, el ensayo de valor nutricional con tortas de aceituna crudas (COC) y parcialmente desgrasadas (PDOC) mostró que ambas tortas son fuentes apreciables de fibra insoluble, pero tienen un valor energético limitado (11.2 y 7.4 MJ/kg MS para COC y PDOC respectivamente) y un bajo valor como fuente de proteínas. En cambio, las pulpas de naranja deshidratadas (DOP) y ensilada secada al sol (ESDOP) ensayadas son una fuente de energía relevante (14.2 y 13.2 MJ/kg MS para DOP y ESDOP respectivamente) con valor añadido debido a su contenido en fibra soluble. En los ensayos de emisiones in vitro, los subproductos ensayados generaron una disminución en la excreción de N en la orina y, en el caso de la pulpa de aceituna, un aumento de la excreción de materia seca en heces. La emisión de amoniaco por kg de purín disminuyó con la inclusión de torta de aceituna y pulpa de naranja, mientras que el BMP por animal y día se vio negativamente afectado por la inclusión de torta de aceituna obteniendo un mayor BMP con estos subproductos. En cuanto a los ensayos de rendimientos productivos, la PDOC y la DOP pueden incluirse en la dieta hasta 120 y 240 g/kg respectivamente, sin efectos negativos en el caso de la PDOC y efectos menores para la DOP sobre los rendimientos productivos, la composición corporal y la calidad de la canal. La inclusión de PDOC y DOP no afectó a los recuentos microbianos ni al volumen, la composición y la emisión global de gases de los purines. Además, se observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre la grasa subcutánea con la inclusión de PDOC, mejorando su concentración en ácido oleico. La co-digestión anaerobia de subproductos agrícolas y purines mejora el BMP de la mezcla de sustratos en comparación con la digestión única de purines. Se obtuvieron mayores valores de BMP con la adición de los sustratos agrícolas, lo que confirma el mejor rendimiento de los sistemas en co-digestión a niveles de inclusión adecuados. Las combinaciones con tomate, pimiento y melocotón al nivel de inclusión 3 (50% de SV) alcanzaron el mayor BMP. Esto supuso un incremento del BMP del 41% con tomate, 44% con pimiento, 28% con melocotón y 12% con caqui. Los sustratos vegetales mostraron un mayor contenido en lípidos, prote
[CAT Actualment, la sostenibilitat del sector porcí depèn de la seua capacitat per a respondre a l'elevada demanda de productes ramaders derivada del creixement de la població, adaptant-se als canvis en els contextos econòmic i polític, i millorant el seu rendiment mediambiental mitjançant la mitigació del seu impacte ambiental. En aquest context, l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials ofereix matèries primeres alternatives en producció animal, amb una menor càrrega ambiental associada, en forma de pinsos per al bestiar, font de compostos bioactius o matèries primeres útils en la producció de bioenergia. Aquesta tesi doctoral pretén avaluar l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials mediterranis com a ingredients en pinsos per al bestiar porcí o com co-substrats per a la producció de biogàs. Amb aquest objectiu, es van dissenyar i realitzar quatre assajos per a avaluar l'ús de subproductes de la indústria de l'oli d'oliva i del suc de taronja en alimentació porcina, avaluant el seu valor nutricional i les conseqüències de la seua inclusió sobre el rendiment i la salut dels animals, la qualitat del producte final i les emissions de gasos dels purins. A més, es va realitzar un assaig per a avaluar l'efecte de quatre substrats agrícoles sobre el potencial bioquímic de metà (BMP) en co-digestió anaeròbia amb purins. Els resultats obtinguts a partir dels assajos de valor nutricional indiquen que les trotes d'oliva i les polpes de taronja assajades poden ser incloses en la dieta amb canvis associats en l'excreció de nutrients que condueixen a modificacions en les emissions potencials d'amoníac i BMP dels purins. Quant als subproductes de la torta d'oliva, l'assaig de valor nutricional amb tortes d'oliva crues (COC) i parcialment desengreixades (PDOC) va mostrar que totes dues coques són fonts apreciables de fibra insoluble, però tenen un valor energètic limitat (11.2 i 7.4 MJ/kg MS per a COC i PDOC respectivament) i un baix valor com a font de proteïnes. En canvi, les polpes de taronja deshidratades (DOP) i ensitjada assecada al sol (ESDOP) assajades són una font d'energia rellevant (14.2 i 13.2 MJ/kg MS per a DOP i ESDOP respectivament) amb valor afegit a causa del seu contingut en fibra soluble. Pel que fa als assajos d'emissions in vitro, els subproductes assajats van generar una disminució en l'excreció de N en l'orina i, en el cas de la polpa d'oliva, un augment de l'excreció de matèria seca en femtes. L'emissió d'amoníac per kg de purí va disminuir amb la inclusió de torta d'oliva i polpa de taronja, mentre que el BMP per animal i dia es va veure negativament afectat per la inclusió de torta d'oliva obtenint un major BMP amb aquests subproductes. Quant als assajos de rendiments productius, la PDOC i la DOP poden incloure's en la dieta fins a 120 i 240 g/kg respectivament, sense efectes negatius en el cas de la PDOC i efectes menors per a la DOP sobre els rendiments productius, la composició corporal i la qualitat de la canal. La inclusió de PDOC i DOP no va afectar els recomptes microbians ni al volum, la composició i l'emissió global de gasos dels purins. A més, es van observar efectes beneficiosos sobre el greix subcutani amb la inclusió de PDOC, millorant la seua concentració en àcid oleic. La co-digestió anaeròbia de subproductes agrícoles i purins millora el BMP de la mescla de substrats en comparació amb la digestió única de purins. Es van obtenir majors valors de BMP amb l'addició dels substrats agrícoles, la qual cosa confirma el millor rendiment dels sistemes en co-digestió a nivells d'inclusió adequats. Les combinacions amb tomaca, pimentó i bresquilla al nivell d'inclusió 3 (50% de SV) van aconseguir el major BMP. Això va suposar un increment del BMP del 41% amb tomaca, 44% amb pimentó, 28% amb bresquilla i 12% amb caqui. Els substrats vegetals van mostrar un major contingut en lípids, proteïnes, lignina i cel·lulosa que els substrats de fruita.
[EN] Nowadays the sustainability of the pig sector relies on its capability to respond to the increasing demands for livestock products that are arising from population growth, adapting to changes in the economic and policy contexts, and improving its environmental performance through the mitigation of its impact on climate. In this framework, the use of the agro-industrial by-products offers potential alternative raw materials for animal production with a lower associated environmental burden in the form of feedstuffs for livestock, source of bioactive compounds or raw materials useful in bioenergy production. This PhD thesis aims to evaluate the use of Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products as feed ingredients for pigs or co-substrates for biogas production. To fulfil these objectives, four trials were designed and conducted to evaluate the use of olive oil and orange juice industry by-products in swine nutrition, assessing its nutritional value and the consequences of its inclusion in the diet on animals' performance and health, final product quality traits and gas emissions associated to the pig slurry. Additionally, one more trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four agricultural substrates (tomato, pepper, peach and kaki) on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) in anaerobic co-digestion with pig slurry, focusing on the type of substrate and its inclusion level on the final substrate's mixture. The results presented in this PhD Thesis from the nutritional value assays indicate that the olive cakes and orange pulps tested can be potentially included in pig diets with associated changes in urine and faeces nutrients excretion that leads to modifications in the potential ammonia and BMP emissions from slurries. Concerning olive cake by-products, the nutritional value assay designed to test the crude (COC) and partially defatted (PDOC) olive cakes showed that they are appreciable sources of insoluble fibre but have limited energy value (11.2 and 7.4 MJ/kg DM for COC and PDOC respectively) and a low value as protein source. On the contrary, the dehydrated (DOP) and ensiled sun-dried (ESDOP) orange pulps tested are a relevant energy source (14.2 and 13.2 MJ/kg DM for DOP and ESDOP respectively) with added value in terms of SF concentration. With respect to the in vitro potential ammonia and BMP emissions assays, the by-products tested led to a decreased N excretion in urine and, in the case of the OC, increased DM excretion in faeces. The ammonia emission per kg of slurry decreased with the inclusion of olive cake and orange pulp, whereas the BMP per animal and per day was negatively affected by the inclusion of olive cake obtaining higher BMP with these by-products. Regarding the performance assays, the PDOC and the DOP may be included in balanced pig diets at rates of up to 120 and 240 g/kg respectively, without negative effects in the case of PDOC and minor effects for DOC on growth performance, body composition and carcass quality traits. Contrary to what was expected, the inclusion of PDOC and DOP did not affect microbial counts nor excreta volume, composition and global gas emission from the slurry. Additionally, beneficial effects on subcutaneous fat were observed with the inclusion of PDOC, improving its oleic acid concentration. The anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural by-products and pig slurry improves the BMP from the mixture compared to only pig slurry anaerobic digestion. Higher BMP values were obtained with increasing addition of agricultural substrate, confirming the better performance of co-digestion systems at adequate inclusion levels. In fact, combinations with tomato, pepper and peach at inclusion level 3 (50% of VS) achieved the highest BMP. This resulted in an increase in BMP of 41% with tomato, 44% with pepper, 28% with peach and 12% with kaki. Vegetable substrates (pepper and tomato) showed higher lipid, protein, lignin and cellulose content than fruit substrates (kaki and peach).
Ferrer Riera, P. (2021). Valorisation of Mediterranean agroindustrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171747
TESIS
Compendio
Sylla, Khalifa Serigne Babacar. « Valorisation de co-produits de la sole tropicale (Cynoglossus senegalensis) par hydrolyse enzymatique : application en nutrition animale ». Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS242.
Texte intégralThis scope of work relates to the valorization of the tongue sole (Cynoglossus senegalensis) by-products resulting from the processing chain in Senegal by the implementation of enzymatic hydrolysis in order to obtain high value proteins. The by-products (viscera and heads) of tongue sole, were hydrolized with a large spectra protease (Protamex®). It appears that the hydrolysis degree (DH) was influenced by the temperature of the proteolysis. Indeed a DH=19% is obtained at 50°C while it reaches up to 25% at 40°C after 3 hours of enzymatic action. Resulting hydrolysates appears to be rich in protein (up to 61%° with around 10% of minerals. The study of the molecular distribution size of the peptides reveals that they are below 1760Da. The effect of the water proportion to conduce hydrolsis was studied. It appears that 50% of water is enough in our conditions to solubilize of four different water ratio to hydrolyze sole by-products by using Protamex® were compared. It was found t60% of the initial proteins. Resulting hydrolysates have a great nutritional value for seting up table fowls because they have in big quantity nine essential amino acids for the animal feed. Feed trials were then carried out on 1200 chickens (cobb 500) with 14 days of age. The results showed that high nutritional value by-products proteins increase the growth of the birds. Indeed, the live weights at 6 weeks are 2369. 60 G (batch 1), 2189. 60 G (batch 2), 2298. 05 G (batch 3) against 2158. 20 G (witness batch), with respective average GMQ of 78. 20 G, 66. 72 G, 69. 89 G and 68. 30 G. The carcass weights are 2112. 43 G (batch 1), 1994. 67 G (batch 2), 2081. 75 G (batch 3) and 1989. 22 G (witness batch). Food consumption seems little influenced by the level and the nature of proteins. However, their presence decreased the consumption index during the end of the study; it is 2. 30 (batch 1), 2. 07 (batch 2), 2. 05 (batch 3) and 20. 8 (witness batch). To identify the future application of hydrolysates in human food, a preliminary sensory analysis was carried out. The sensory profile was established with a jury of 14 expert judges. 11 profiles were found by this panel. In addition, the aromatic characterization revealed that 57 molecules are responsible for these odours described in sensory analysis. The description of these aromatic compounds opens potential way of valorization of these hydrolysates in human consumption
Honegger, Jean-Luc. « Étude d'un échangeur à contact direct co-courant pour la valorisation thermodynamique de la géothermie moyenne enthalpie / ». Orléans : BRGM, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36620009r.
Texte intégralSaidi, Sami. « Valorisation des co-produits issus des industries de la pêche par hydrolyse enzymatique couplée au fractionnement par procédés membranaires : application aux co-produits de thon ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20014.
Texte intégralThis work is performed in the framework of up-grading of tuna by-products generated from processing and conditioning industries. The enzymatic hydrolysis combined with membrane separation processes in order to obtain the fraction of interest peptides and amino acids was studied. The optimal conditions during enzymatic hydrolysis were determined using the methodology of design of experiments in order to enrich the soluble phase in small peptides with interesting biological activities. The fractionation by Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration following a suitable combination was studied. For this, firstly, a small-scale fractionation was performed with membranes of different cut-off and different natures (organic and inorganic) to select the best membrane processes combination and to optimize the used conditions. Then, a validation study of the fractionation using the hydrolysate of tuna by-products produced during was performed. In this study, different modes of fractionation combination of concentration and diafiltration steps were tested to determine the best method for the recovery of large quantities of interesting peptide fractions. The originality of this PhD work is the enrichment of the tuna by-products hydrolysate with valuable compounds such as essential amino acids and peptides with a high biological activity
Boizi, Elloe Martin. « Co-valorisation de déchets lignocellulosiques en tant qu'adsorbants appliqués en dépollution aqueuse et production de chaleur par combustion ». Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1246.
Texte intégralRandriamahatody, Zo. « Valorisation biotechnologique des co-produits de crevette : utilisation de la protéolyse enzymatique pour des applications avicoles à Madagascar ». Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS220.
Texte intégralMarine by-products represent valuable biological resources able to generate molecules with biological and nutritional interests. The objective of the present study is to investigate nutritional potentials of hydrolysates from fished and farmed shrimp heads from Madagascar. Thus, 4 enzymes operational at extreme pH conditions were screened: Pepsin, Novozym 37020, Protex 6L and Delvolase. Pepsine was the most efficient enzyme conducing to the production of small-sized peptides with molecular weight inferior to 1 000 Da and the amelioration of amino acids profile, promoting the nutritional quality. Then, peptic hydrolysis was optimized by using different pH conditions and different enzyme inactivations. Introduction of resulting hydrolysates into traditional malagasy poultry feeding ameliorated the production, with weight gains 2,3 times higher. Some hydrolysates presented also growth inhibition activity again fishes pathogenic and food microorganisms. Two hours peptic hydrolysis at maintained pH seemed to be the most efficient condition in the 2 fields studied. It was also the most effective for chitin extraction by producing the poorest mineral and protein containing exoskeleton resides. Those results suggest the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of shrimp heads from Madagascar to ameliorate their nutritional quality, while allowing partially chitin extraction
Delvar, Alice. « Valorisation par bioraffinage des co-produits des fruits de la Passion et de Goyavier pour la mise en oeuvre de peintures écoconçues ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0047.
Texte intégralNatural paints, with lower environmental and health impacts, are an interesting alternative to solvent-based paints for some applications. The company Derivery has developed a range ofnatural paints called Natura in agreement with the criteria of the Pure ecological label. The binder of these paints consists of an emulsion based on vegetable oils. In order to develop a new range of eco-designed paints adapted especially to the overseas market, new local sources of tropical vegetable oils are needed. A natural biocide is also sought to replace the synthetic biocides currently used in emulsion paints. To meet these objectives of selecting new natural ingredients, the raw materials identified are co-products from the Reunion food industry, especially the one resulting from the production of passion fruit and red strawberry guava juices. These co-products, or these output gaps, are composed of seeds, pulp and shells, which are currently not valued. In this work, we showed the technical feasibility of processes with limited environmental impacts for the extraction of multifunctional ingredients. Thus, depending on the the co-product nature, the oil extractions were carried out by cold pressing, by maceration in ethanol or by SC-CO2 from the seeds and aqueous or ethanolic extracts of the pulps were studied. Vegetable oils obtained from the seeds of these two fruits have fatty acid compositions classifying them as semi-drying oils, with more than 70% of linoleic acid. Passion fruit oil is rich in carotenoids acting for better preservation. The guava oil has a high content of sterols, with emulsifying properties interesting for the paint formulation. The fractions obtained from the pulps have high levels of polyphenols associated with significant antioxidant activities, especially for the red strawberry guava. The ethanolic extracts of the two fruits also show an antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains and a fungal strain. Two alternative extraction methods based on a thermo-mechanical activation were implemented from the passion fruit, in accordance with a biorefinery approach. These methods make it possible to simultaneously carry out the extraction and the pre-formulation of emulsion, with a combined extraction of the different hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. The role of polyphenols and proteins in the emulsions stabilization was assessed by rheological measurements and by kinetic monitoring of creaming. New emulsions were prepared with the active molecules obtained and were tested as natural paint binders. The properties of the obtained formulations correspond to the industrial specifications thus validating the use of these new ingredients for the eco-design of natural paints. The microbiological tests carried out on the formulations showed the ability of the ethanolic extracts of both fruits to improve the resistance of the emulsified paints against microbial contamination
Duval, Johanna. « Eco-valorisation de la plante Kniphofia uvaria : de la plante à la galénique ». Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2045/document.
Texte intégralNowadays, green chemistry is a great challenge. It seeks innovation in the development of eco-efficient processes. The production of natural products from renewable materials by these new environmentally friendly processes is more and more used. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to develop an eco-valuation strategy to extract, characterize, produce and impregnate natural products onto a cosmetic support using sub/supercritical fluids. Consequently, we used oleaginous plant seeds from Kniphofia uvaria as a plant model, which was selected for its interesting cosmetic properties such as antioxidant or anti-ageing. Firstly, the SFC-MS hyphenation with the APCI as an ionization source was developed to screen bioactive molecules; responsible of cosmetic properties. This coupling was performed by the hybrid combination of (U)HPLC/SFC-HRMS. Various optimizations in terms of the solvent make-up (nature and proportion), modulation with SFC and MS parameters were carried out in order to improve sensitivity and selectivity of lipid analysis. Secondly, an enrichment strategy to concentrate bioactive compounds in the final extract was developed by SFE and CPC. Thus, in SFE, experimental parameters (temperature, pressure, nature/proportion of the modifier in the CO2 fluid) were optimized while in CPC, the injection optimization was realized. Methods for the selective fractionation of anthraquinones and triglycerides were obtained in CPC and SFE. Finally, an on-line sub/supercritical extraction-impregnation process was developed to extract and for simultaneously impregnating anthraquinones onto a cosmetic silica. Development and optimization of this process was realized on a laboratory scale. Consequently, this study demonstrated the feasibility of this concept and it presents a great interest to provide natural products as a galenic form, which could be used in the cosmetic formulation
Aamr, Daya El Habib. « Contribution à la valorisation de co-produits du lin, poussières obtenues par aspiration lors du teillage, dans une matrice cimentaire ». Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0411.
Texte intégralBenabbas, Rihab. « Valorisation d'un matériau bio-sourcé à usage pharmaceutique : étude de l'acide alginique et de sa fonctionnalité comme nouvel excipient pour compression directe ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG011.
Texte intégralAlginic acid and alginates are biosourced polysaccharides, whose biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity make them raw materials widely used in the medical field.The present study is devoted to the analysis and enhancement of the functional performance of alginic acid for pharmaceutical use as an excipient of new interest, and in particular, its application in the formulation of pharmaceutical tablets produced by direct compression process.Four research axes guided the progress of this work:1- Study of alginic acid in direct compression, by being interested, firstly in the proper behavior of this raw material when it is subjected to stress, then by associating it in a binary way with the main technological fillers/binders present in any pharmaceutical tablet formulation and available on the market.2- Identification of structure-functionality relationships of alginic acid in the formulation of tablets.3- Development of a new co-processed excipient based on alginic acid, which potentially owns the characteristics and performance of an excipient "for direct compression".4- Investigation of the technological and biopharmaceutical performance of this new composite material, by associating it with model active ingredients.The different results obtained through this study show the interest of alginic acid as a compression excipient and highlight the link between the functionalities and the physico-chemical properties of this polymer. They also present the different phenomena that govern the mechanical behavior of alginic acid powder in direct compression. The “co-processing” method designed and developed in this work, on a laboratory scale, and consisting on the association of alginic acid with microcrystalline cellulose by wet granulation, has successfully enhanced the functionality of alginic acid, yielding a material called "Cop AA-MCC" free of any chemical modification. Characterization, optimization and formulation work, carried out on this new co-processed excipient, in comparison to commercial excipients, revealed the importance of its use as a new high-performance excipient for direct compression
Martin-Dupont, Fabienne. « Valorisation chimique d'un co-produit de la filière bois : Approche théorique des capacités fixatrices en métaux lourds par les écorces forestières ». Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1475.
Texte intégralSumaya, Martinez Maria. « Valorisation d'hydrolysats de co-produits de crevettes : étude de l'activité antiradicalaire et antioxydante, fractionnement des substances actives et effet de la glycation ». Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2032.
Texte intégralThe objective of this work was to carry out the process of hydrolysis of shrimp by-product, to characterise molecules with antiradical and antioxidant properties, and to increase these activities by the glycation of hydrolysates. The conditions of hydrolysis by Alcalase 2. 4L, in order to obtain the highest antiradical activity, were defined. The experimental conditions (pH 9. 7, 66°C) and the heating treatment (20 min in boiling water) produce a chemical hydrolysis and favour the liberation of the compounds with antiradical activity. The increase in antioxidant activity ( -carotene test) in the hydrolysate was obtained in the presence of the Alcalase 2. 4 L. The fraction with the highest antiradical activity was inferior to 5 kDa; in this fraction, two aromatic compounds with the highest antiradical activity were partially characterised. We have defined the conditions of glycation at moderate temperature (55°C, 30 mg/ml of ribose, pH 6. 5, 0. 5 M phosphate buffer), which favours the formation of the Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) with the antiradical activity. After 17 hrs' heating, the antiradical activity of the shrimp by-product hydrolysate was multiplied by 25, the antioxidant activity was increased 3 times and the antiradical scavenging activity of superoxyde radical was enhanced in 70%. The antiradical activity of MRP was function of the evolution of the intermediate compounds < 1 kDa (principally, the 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2)-furanone, an important flavour compound), and fluorescent compounds > 1 kDa. The MRP do not exhibit cytotoxic effects at concentrations < 1000 µg/mL. These antioxidant/antiradical fractions may represent a viable alternative to current shrimp by-product upgrading
Soufi, Kechaou Emna. « Bioréacteur enzymatique couplé à l’ultrafiltration pour la valorisation des co-produits issus des industries de la pêche : application à la seiche Sepia officinalis ». Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2065.
Texte intégralThis work is conducted in the framework of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis by-products up-grading from conditioning industries. It concerns the implementation of the enzymatic hydrolysis and the membrane separation processes to obtain valuable compounds such as peptides and lipids. The techniques used in this study belong to « clean technologies », environmentally sound involving moderate investment and low energy consumption. Hydrolysis of cuttlefish viscera had been carried out in two steps. The first one had objective to determine the efficiency of the enzymes on the matrixes investigated as well as the study area. Once the enzyme had been chosen, the second step was to optimize enzymatic hydrolysis using experimental designs, in order to obtain the highest small peptides recoveries the soluble phase and an antimicrobial activity. The fractionation on the protein hydrolysate according to the charge upon ion exchanging columms allowed determining the ionic profile of the antimicrobial peptides. Membrane fractionation (ultrafiltration) was then used as a second lever to act (i) on size distribution of peptides and (ii) on the activity level of the hydrolysates. First, small-scale fractionation was carried out on polyethersulfone and regenerated cellulose membranes with molecular weight cut-offs ranging from 1000 to 100 000 Da. Then, an scaling-up methodology was investigated by ultrafiltration of the hydrolysate on a pre-industrial pilot plant. The originality of this PhD work is (i) the enrichement of cuttlefish viscera hydrolysates with valuable compounds such as essential amino acids and the enhancement of the antimicrobial activity and (ii) the possibility to up-scale enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration integrating them in the conception of a complete industrial process
Dumay, Justine. « Extraction de lipides en voie aqueuse par bioréacteur enzymatique combiné à l'ultrafiltration : application à la valorisation de co-produits de poisson (Sardina pilchardus) ». Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=46838cde-7c1f-4368-88fe-72e9950d0bf3.
Texte intégralTHE MAIN GOAL OF THIS WORK WAS TO UP-GRADE SARDINE (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) BY-PRODUCTS USING MILD PROCEDURE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN VALUABLE COMPOUNDS INVOLVING MODERATE INVESTMENT AND LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION. HYDROLYSIS AND ULTRAFILTRATION TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. FIRSTLY, SELECTED ENZYMES HAVE BEEN CALIBRATED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THEIR OPTIMAL CONDITIONS WITH A MODEL SUBSTRATE AND TO PERMIT THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THEM. THEN, HYDROLYSIS ON SARDINE HEAD AND VISCERA HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT IN TWO STEPS. THE FIRST ONE HAD THE OBJECTIVE TO DETERMINE THE ENZYME EFFICIENCY AND THE STUDY AREA. THE SECOND STEP WAS TO OPTIMISE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. THE AIM OF THIS SECOND STEP WAS TO OBTAIN THE HIGHEST LIPID RECOVERY IN THE LIQUID FRACTIONS USING THE VARIATION OF THE INFLUENTS HYDROLYSIS PARAMETERS SUCH AS TEMPERATURE, HYDROLYSIS TIME AND ENZYME CONCENTRATION. THE SOLUBLE PHASE OBTAINED AFTER THIS OPTIMISED STEP HAVE BEEN FILTERED USING ULTRAFILTRATION TECHNIQUE IN ORDER TO SEPARATE LIPIDS FROM PEPTIDES. LIPIDS FROM SARDINE BY-PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN MAINLY RECOVERED IN THE LIQUID FRACTIONS OF THE HYDROLYSATES. MOREOVER, AQUEOUS FRACTION HAS SHOWN A HIGH CONTENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS. W3 FATTY ACIDS REPRESENT AROUND 20% OF THE TOTAL FATTY ACIDS INTO THOSE FRACTIONS. REGARDING VISCERA, WHICH IS A HARDLY CRUSHING MATRIX, THE LIPID EXTRACTION YIELDS HAVE BEEN IMPROVED USING ENZYMATIC TREATMENT COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL EXTRACTION. THE ULTRAFILTRATION TREATMENT OF THE SOLUBLE PHASE HAS ALLOWED, AFTER THE DETERMINATION OF OPERATING CONDITIONS, TO SEPARATE LIPIDS FROM PEPTIDES AND TO CONCENTRATE THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE RETENTATE
Dumay, Justine Jaouen Pascal Bergé Jean-Pascal Barnathan Gilles. « Extraction de lipides en voie aqueuse par bioréacteur enzymatique combiné à l'ultrafiltration application à la valorisation de co-produits de poisson (Sardina pilchardus) / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=14796.
Texte intégralSeifi, Sahar. « Conception d'éco-liants et/ou éco-matériaux à partir de cendres volantes papetières et laitier moulu ». Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC287/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is the development of an eco-binder based on industrial co-products : a wastepapery ash and a ground granulated blast-furnace slag, for the manufacture of dry mortars. On the one hand,this eco-binder was developed to replace partially cement as a constituent of traditional materials, andon the other hand to recycle in large quantities one of these two industrial wastes ; wastepaper fly ashwith considering all the notions of circular economy and eco-design. From literature, there are numerousand relevant research works on the different types of ash and slag, highlighting the characteristics, themineralogy, the reactivity of the wastepaper fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slags in details.These two co-products with about 20 wt.% SiO2 and 50 wt.% CaO have a chemical composition veryclose to that of a cement and develop pozzolanic properties that can replace those of cement. Theirvalorization as a binder material is then possible. A complete knowledge of the physicochemical, structuraland mineralogical properties of wastepaper fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag led to anexploratory study of formulations for dry mortars. The mixtures containing 72 wt.% of wastepaper fly ashand 28 wt.% of ground granulated blast-furnace slag were investigated with reference to the formulationof a standard mortar to optimize the water content and compaction energy level. A specific equipment forcompacting prismatic specimens with dimensions 4x4x16 cm3 was used. The effect of adding three types ofactivators i.e. calcium chloride CaCl2, sodium metasilicate Na2O3Si and sodium carbonate Na2CO3, anda small amount of cement i.e. 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% was analyzed. The relation between mechanical strengthand the microstructure of the mixtures has been detailed and discussed. Two optimal formulations wereimplemented and, mineralogy, mechanical strength at 2, 7 and 28 days of curing, microstructure withSEM images, pore distributions and durability have been considered and analyzed. Taking into accountthe satisfactory results obtained, a semi-industrial approach to manufacture 15x15x15 cm3 blocks fromthe two selected formulations was conducted and discussed. The first results show a great interest in themanufacture of blocks of pavement and derived products for the construction of pedestrian or reducedtraffic areas
Balti, Rafik. « Valorisation des produits et co-produits de la seiche commune (Sepia officinalis) pour l'obtention de biomolécules à haute valeur ajoutée à usage alimentaire et nutraceutique ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10164/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this project was to improve the biotechnological exploitation of marine ressources to obtain value added products for food and nutraceutical applications. First, several digestives proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and cathepsin D) from the hepatopancreas of the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) were purified and characterized. In the second part, these digestive proteases and other microbial proteases were used to generate protein hydrolysates enriched in bioactive peptides. 23 novel ACE inhibitory peptides were isolated and identified. In addition, the antihypertensive effect in vivo of some peptides was confirmed. The influence of the degree of hydrolysis and enzyme type on functional and bioactive properties of protein hydrolysates from cuttlefish by-products (skin and viscera) and muscle of the same species was studied. Finally, gelatin from the skin of cuttlefish was extracted using protease-aided process. The characteristics, functional and textural properties of this protein were investigated and compared to those ofcommercial bovine gelatin
Bikoro, Bi Athomo Arsène. « Analyse et valorisation des coproduits de la transformation industrielle de l’Acajou du Gabon (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) ». Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3001.
Texte intégralThe Gabon forest covers more than 85% of country, so about 22 million hectares of forest, which represents a potential of more than 400 million m3 of exploitable wood. For more than 400 species listed as exploitable, about 80 are exploitable, but only 13 are exploited on an industrial scale. Solid wood from logging in the form of logs was, until 2009, mainly intended for export. However, since that date, the Gabonese State has decided to develop its industry by requiring loggers to carry out at least a first transformation in the country.This reform has led to an increase in local transformation of logs, and therefore an increase in the production of co-products. The latter represent approximately 50% of initial log mass for sawing and around 5% for peeling. The actors of the sectors thus found themselves with the problem of an excess of products derived from the local processing of wood.General objective of this thesis is to propose an approach that makes it possible to find recovery solutions for these by-products, 85% of which are burnt in the open air.Co-products of the industrial transformation of mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) from Gabon were thus studied in three phases. Initial work on the physicochemical characterization of bark, sapwood and heartwood of mahogany extracts has been carried out in general. We have particularly work on phenolic extracts, including tannins. Then, a way of valuing these compounds was studied: development of a tannin-based adhesive with mahogany tannins. Finally, another recovery avenue was explored: development of wood/ plastic composite with wood by-products and waste from plastic bottles.Results of various studies have shown that the mahogany tannins are rich in fisitinidin and gallocatechin monomers. The absence of free form of gallic acid was also noted. In addition, tannin-based adhesives of mahogany have shown good thermal characteristics. Furthermore, the composite has interesting physico-mechanical properties that would allow a possible valorization on a large scale
Tabet, Karim. « Valorisation de co-produits agro-industriels pour la production de charbons actifs végétaux : Applications à la décoloration de sirops de sucres et au traitement des eaux ». Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1481.
Texte intégralThe main objective of this work is the valorization and the minimization of agro-industrial byproducts of straw and bran for the manufacture of activated carbon (AC). After a lab-scale optimization allowing the selection of the activation/carbonization parameters, we have produced effective AC and specified the influence of the operating conditions on their porous structure. We used TGA to establish the role of the chemical agent in the development of porosity. While manufactliring AC in a pilot scale furnace, we established that the pyrolysis gases are essential to obtain well-developed porosity AC, and showed that CO2 is directly responsible for the development of porosity. Lastly, we established that sugar decolorization depends on the volume of the mesopores ranging between 4 nm and 12 Dm. By testing our AC in water treatment, we showed that the pesticides adsorption capacities are related to the microporous volume
Chamoun, Rita. « Elaboration de films catalytiques co-alumine par dépôt électrophorétique pour l'hydrolyse du NaBH4 : développement du procédé dans une perspective de valorisation d'argiles naturelles du Liban comme supports de catalyseurs ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10167.
Texte intégralNaBH4 hydrolysis reaction is slow in aqueous medium. Therefore, it can be accelerated by addition of a catalyst. In this work, catalytic films of Co supported over αAl2O3 have been synthesized since they are more convenient for applications requiring generation of H2 on demand. Co-αAl2O3 films were deposited on Cu plates by electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Furthermore, catalysts of Co supported over different types of natural clay (Kaolinite, Illite-A and Illite-B) provided from Lebanon were also synthesized.Co was deposited over αAl2O3 following six routes: 1. αAl2O3 film impregnation; 2. Co precipitation over αAl2O3 film; 3. Co electrodeposition over αAl2O3 film; 4. Coelectrodeposition of Co from CoCl2 and αAl2O3; 5. Coelectrodeposition of Co nanoparticles and αAl2O3 and 6. EPD of Co-αAl2O3. Route 6 was found to be the best one for the fabrication of homogeneous films of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-αAl2O3. A comparative study on the reactivity of Co-αAl2O3 films and powder catalysts was done and the kinetic study gave similar values of the apparent activation energies: 51.3 and 52.7 kJ mol-1, respectively. Moreover, Co was supported over clay with the same method used for Co-αAl2O3. 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-clay catalysts were tested for the hydrolysis reaction and the apparent activation energies obtained were as follows: 58.8, 51.5 and 58.1 kJ mol-1 for 15 wt.% Co-Kaolinite, (Illite-A) and (Illite-B) respectively. Homogeneous films of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-Kaolinite were successfully deposited over Inox substrate by EPD. It was concluded from this work that natural clays can be used as potential supports for Co catalysts in the hydrolysis of NaBH4
Gbogouri, Grodji Albarin. « Co-valorisation des protéines et des lipides riches en lécithine et en acides gras polyinsaturés oméga 3 à partir de têtes de saumon (Salmo salar) par hydrolyse enzymatique ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_GBOGOURI_G_A.pdf.
Texte intégralA new process for the extraction of lipids and proteins from salmon (Salmo salar) heads was performed by enzymatic treatment. In the first part of this work, proteolysis assisted with Alcalase® 2. 4 L was performed. The use of Response Surface Methodology allowed optimization of temperature, enzyme / substrate ratio and pH leading to various hydrolysates (10. 8 % - 17. 3 % degree of hydrolysis) and protein recovery ranging from 47 % to 71 %. The functional properties of protein hydrolysates were improved. In the second part, the enzymatic extraction of oil yielded 19. 6 % and was comparable to solvent extraction (21. 5 %). The oil fractions resulting from the proteolysis were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and their individual fatty acid composition was similar to total lipids extracted by solvent method. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) constituted predominant fatty acids among total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The sludge lipids contained most of phospholipids (up to 55 %) with high content of phosphatidylcholine (around 55 % of phospholipids). This process might be extended to any source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are sensitive to drastic conditions
Gbogouri, Grodji Albarin Fanni Jacques. « Co-valorisation des protéines et des lipides riches en lécithine et en acides gras polyinsaturés oméga 3 à partir de têtes de saumon (Salmo salar) par hydrolyse enzymatique ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2005. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2005_GBOGOURI_G_A.pdf.
Texte intégralBelhaj, Nabila. « Nano-émulsion naturelle de phospholipides marins, issus d’un complexe phospholipopeptidique provenant d’un procédé de valorisation de co-produits de saumon, et applications à la vectorisation de molécules faiblement biodisponibles ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL080N/document.
Texte intégralThe benefits of omega 3 fatty acids, mainly EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3) are well understood in the literature. They indeed play an essential role in the prevention of many neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are mostly found in marine sources. In this context, we were interested on the effects of phospholipopeptidic complex from the enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon heads on anxiety and oxidative stress using a behavioural study (mouse model). On the other hand, we have developed a double vectorization operating nanoemulsions, to increase the bioavailability of two hydrophobic and bioactive molecules (conenzyme Q10 and curcumine) by total lipids (phospholipids and triacylglycerols) from the phospholipopeptidic complex rich in EPA and DHA. The results of this study showed that the CPLP, its lipid and peptide fractions have an anxiolytic effect at a dose of 600 mg of CPLP / day for 14 days of treatment. It was also demonstrated that the peptide’s hydrolyzate ingested at double dose decreases significantly the oxidative stress by lowering the endogenous level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. For therapeutic uses, the bioavailability of CoQ10 increased up to 38 times compared to referential formulation when verctorized at high dose in the oily formulation composed of CPLP’s total lipids. Regarding conventional CoQ10 supplementation as a dietary supplement, the emulsified formulation has a better availability at single dose, with plasma concentrations two times higher than the reference formulation. Although the anti-cancer activity of curcumine is highlighted, its low solubility and hence its low bioavailability, are factors limiting its use. The formulation of nanoemulsified curcumine allows a significant reduction in the proliferation of cancer cells (MCF7)
Krausova, Rambure Katerina. « Vers de nouvelles matrices minérales pour l’immobilisation et la valorisation des déchets ultimes de l’incinération des déchets ménagers ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1118/document.
Texte intégralThe overall objective of this thesis is to transform ultimate and hazardous waste containing heavy metals, into chemically stable mineral materials. The increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is a problem ranging to global concern. Among various MSW treatment methods, incineration is a technology, which may provide an efficient and environmental friendly solution. Problem of this treatment is the production of fly ash. Fly ash may contain large amounts of toxic metal compounds and is considered as hazardous waste with obligation of final disposal into specialized landfills. Three types of materials for immobilization of lead and cadmium have been investigated: glass ceramics, sintered ceramics and geopolymers. We manage to synthetize a glass-ceramic based purely on the incinerated ashes and to decrease the volatilization during its production. Promising results have been obtained for Ca-Mg-Si-O bearing glass-ceramic with high sustainable incorporation of cadmium into crystalline structures and lead into an amorphous structure. Crystalline structure was evaluated being more resistant against acid attack because of its embedding into a glass matrix that generates a double protection. The future research should be done on possibility obtaining this phase by addition of commercial oxides into fly ash. Sintered ceramic investigated was based on Ba-Mg-Ti-O system. We obtained three mineral phases presented in SYNROC (hollandite, perovskite and rutile) where cadmium substituted the site of magnesium while lead occupied the site belonging to barium. The sintered ceramic is satisfactory in terms of toxic elements incorporation and of chemical and mechanical resistance. For production of resistant geopolymer from fly ashes, it is favorable to use ratio L/S =1.2 and drying at room temperature. It was observed that sintering affects the rate of structural reorganization with apparition of sodalite phase (Na4Si3Al3O12Cl), which consists of tunnels where heavy metals can be incorporated. Lead and cadmium stay mainly below the limit of TCLP standards. The heat treatment over 500°C increases density of the sample. When fly ash mixed with other types of waste such as bottom ash or waste glass powder, it is possible to obtain a more resistant. It was found that all three matrices are a good prospect for a stabilization technique with respect to the major pollutants lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)
Yammine, Sami. « Extraction des molécules à haute valeur ajoutée par eau sous critique et fractionnement par procédés membranaires : Valorisation des co-produits de la vigne et du vin par des procédés éco-innovants ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0056/document.
Texte intégralThis work has dealt with extraction of natural substances from winery by-products using "green" processes such as extraction by subcritical water and purification by membrane processes. These processes are an alternative to solvent extraction traditionally used in the natural products industry. Main part of the work was done on different grape pomace, extraction was optimized and compared in terms of yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of extracts. Dunkelfelder extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and comparison of chemical compositions of the different extracts indicated. Furthermore this Dunkelfelder grape pomace was used as model in order to optimize the different process parameters such as temperature, pressure and hydraulic retention time. After the subcritical water extraction, extracts produced were found to be rich in several families of molecules. An essential purification step of target compounds prior to industrial use was indispensable. Coupling the subcritical water with membrane processes offers an innovative solution for the purification of these extracts. Thereby, the extract was assayed in a cross-flow apparatus against eleven membranes of ultrafiltration (100 to 2 kDa) and nine membranes of nanofiltration (1000 to 150 Da). The monitoring of the process was carried out by determining performance parameters and retention coefficients of different families of macro and micromolecules. The results obtained have demonstrated that the use of membrane technologies could bring innovative changes in the recovery of bioactive compounds for future industries
Le, Delliou Benjamin. « Design of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) based films for flexible food packaging in contact with fatty food and under frozen conditions ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB033.
Texte intégralThe main objective of the present thesis is to design a bio-based and biodegradable packaging material suitable for frozen French fries using the by-products of their fabrication. Two strategies were investigated. The first strategy was the fabrication of polymer blends based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), which could be obtained by fermentation of by-products. PHBV-poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) blends were designed with the aim to increase the processability and ductility of PHBV. Both polymers are immiscible, therefore the interfacial compatibility needed to be optimized. Reactive compatibilization using dicumyle peroxide (DCP) was successful and allowed the fabrication of PHBV/PBSA films by film blowing extrusion at the laboratory scale. The effect of DCP on morphological, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties was evaluated in the aim to optimize the composition at laboratory scale. To improve the mechanical properties of the films, the plasticizer acetyl tri-butyl citrate (ATBC) was used. The improved melt strength and extensional viscosity of the optimized blends allowed to perform a successful film blowing scale-up experiment to the small pilot scale using ATBC and an alternative organic peroxide LUPEROX® 101, both molecules being admitted for food contact materials. The second strategy was the direct use of waste starch and potato peels. For that, the biochemical characterization of potato peels was carried out, and the potential of extraction of high added value molecules coming was assessed. The possibility to produce potato peels and starch-based materials suitable for the fabrication of items with very short service life was investigated
Rakotoniaina, Volana Astérie. « Co-méthanisation des déchets fermiers et alimentaires : expérimentation et modélisation ». Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0013/document.
Texte intégralThe two main objectives of this thesis are to develop theoretical and experimental aspects of the anaerobic co-digestion of farm wastes associated with food. Our general studies have for objectives the elimination as much as possible the maximum of organic waste into non-hazardous landfills, reduce pollution of natural environments (water, soil, air) by the effluent livestock, sewage sludge, and dispose of energy via the produced biogas.Firstly, we carried out experiments on the anaerobic co-digestion of the liquid effluents association (pig slurry, sewage sludge, vinasse effluents) and the mixture of animal slurries, manures, and food waste. The aim of these experiments was to follow the evolution of the reactor behavior according to the component of the co-digested mixture.Secondly, BMP tests of mixture of association several types of organic waste under different physical condition (liquid, semi liquid, pasty, solid) were carried out. We have been tried to know, which proportion of each mono-substrate will give the best BMP among waste to mix? We used a statistical tool, the mixture design to define the mixtures to be tested. For a mixture with 3 components (cow dung, pig slurry, food waste), the optimum number of experiments to realize was 13.The realization of the mixture design, i.e. the experiment series on the anaerobic co-digestion of the 13 proposed mixtures enabled us to observe that the BMP of a mixture firstly depends on its texture (physical state) at the entry of the process. A mixture containing a maximum in proportion in liquid substrate (pig slurry) associated with food waste gave us the best biogas and methane potential. This observation was confirmed by the conversion rate of dry matter to volatile solid (VS) of the mixture. These results were proven by the activity (synergism, antagonism) of mixtures components influencing to BMP tests.The empiric law defined to predict the BMP of a mixture must to account the rate of VS/DM of a mixture, and the interactions between components of the mixture. This law must also include the positive effect (synergism) and negative (antagonism) between components of the mixture. This law has been defined in order to predict the potential methane mixtures of cow dung, pig slurry and food wastes and being within the experimental domain defined by the limits on minimum and maximum proportions of each component of the mixture. However, this definite law is applicable only to the mixtures of cow dung, pig slurry and food waste. The definite law is limited for prediction of mixtures BMP. However, this empiric law can not be used to follow reactor process. Model with three stages (hydrolysis of soluble substrate, acidogenic production stage and methanogenic stage) was used to predict daily and cumulative of biogas and methane production of anaerobic digestion of farm waste associated with vegetable waste. This model must be adapted with substrate type used and experimentations conditions (batch and mesophilic conditions). An adjustment of the model equations describing hydrolysis polymers stage was necessary in order to take into account of the concentration of polymers in particulate forms contained in complex substrates such as manure, slurry, and vegetable food waste. This adapted model was called model of Coupling. Indeed, a calibration of the most influential parameters of the model of Coupling, on the output must be carried out in order to validate the model.Daily and cumulative predictions of biogas and methane production of anaerobic digestion of farm waste associated with food waste were obtained by using adapted dynamical model. Model parameters values depend on the substrate type using in experimentation processes. Moreover, parameters values must be verified, needing further work
Koçi, Rromir. « Valorisation d'un co-produit d'extraction de l'agar à partir de l'algue rouge Gelidium sesquipedale en tant que stimulateur de défenses de plantes. Caractérisation chimique et évaluation de ses propriétés en vue d'applications en biocontrôle ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0007.
Texte intégralThe industrial by-products of the first step of agar extraction (from red alga Gelidium sesquipedale) constitute large volumes at SETEXAM company that might be valorized. The objective of this work is to prove that they can be used as elicitor, or plant defense stimulator (PDS). Firstly, the elemental composition of the alkaline by-product revealed a mineral content of 44% (Na, K major components) with heavy metal traces, but under authorized limits. The principal organic components detected are carbohydrates (12.5%) and a fraction rich in floridoside was obtained. This molecule was identified with an original method, through GC-MS. The alkaline by-product, recycled through the industrial process, has its carbohydrate content diminished as the number of cycles increases. These by-products, applied on tomato plants grown in greenhouse under biotic stress, are capable of stimulating defense responses (enzymatic activities, gene expression). The optimal dose (50 mg.L-1) was determined together with the application conditions and time span of responses. In field, the by-products were tested on grapevine and on tomato, for their capacity to reduce downy mildew, or leaf mold symptoms. Promising results were obtained compared to already commercialized elicitors, for moderate disease pressure. The by-product obtained from the first step of industrial agar extraction showed a PDS activity and can be a solution for culture defense allowing a reduction of pesticides for a durable and environmentally friendly agriculture. This work is a base for a homologation file of the product that would transform these by-products from cost to resource for the company
Babau, Maud. « Croissance et accumulation lipidique de Rhodotorula glutinis (rhodosporidium toruloides) sur glucose, xylose et glycérol : vers la valorisation des coproduits agricoles et industriels pour la production de lipides à usages énergétiques ». Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0027/document.
Texte intégralRhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) is an oleaginous yeast. The micro-organism has demonstrated high lipid accumulation when utilizing glucose as a substrate, and has become a model for oil production. Glycerol and xylose are interesting as substrates for production of oil from renewable resources, but the capacity of R. glutinis to utilize glycerol and xylose as substrates has not been characterized well. Fermentation strategies were designed to quantify growth and lipid accumulation dynamics of R. glutinis when utilizing glycerol and xylose - either as pure substrates, or as co-substrates with glucose. Several original results have been found, including: - Co-consumption of xylose or glycerol along with glucose was observed, without carbon substrate accumulation or byproduct formation, when the carbon feed rate was carefully controlled. The specific carbon consumption rate decreases when the proportion of the second substrate (glycerol or xylose) increases in the feed, relative to glucose. - Growth capacities were characterized on pure xylose and pure glycerol in terms of growth rate and carbon yields: on xylose μmax= 0.034h-1 and RS/X= 0.28 Cmolx.Cmolxylose-1; on glycerol μmax=0.04h-1 RS/X=0.31Cmolx.Cmolglycerol-1. - specific production rate of lipid production and substrate to product carbon conversion yields from xylose or glycerol as single or cosubstrate with glucose were determinated: 20%xylose-80%glucose : qp=0.065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.3CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 100%xylose : qp=0.035065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.31CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1, 25% glycerol-75%glucose : qp=0.07065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.25CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 , 100% glycerol : qp=0.03065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P= 0.29CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1. - Substrate diversification slightly impacts Rhodotorula glutinis´s lipid profile: xylose leads to an overproduction of C16:0 and C18:3 and glycerol increases C18:0 accumulation