Articles de revues : « Utilities valuation »

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Kharroubi, Samer A. « Modeling SF-6D Health Utilities : Is Bayesian Approach Appropriate ? » International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 16 (9 août 2021) : 8409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168409.

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Background: Valuation studies of preference-based health measures like SF6D have been conducted in many countries. However, the cost of conducting such studies in countries with small populations or low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be prohibitive. There is potential to use results from readily available countries’ valuations to produce better valuation estimates. Methods: Data from Lebanon and UK SF-6D value sets were analyzed, where values for 49 and 249 health states were extracted from samples of Lebanon and UK populations, respectively, using standard gamble techniques. A nonparametric Bayesian model was used to estimate a Lebanon value set using the UK data as informative priors. The resulting estimates were then compared to a Lebanon value set obtained using Lebanon data by itself via various prediction criterions. Results: The findings permit the UK evidence to contribute potential prior information to the Lebanon analysis by producing more precise valuation estimates than analyzing Lebanon data only under all criterions used. Conclusions: The positive findings suggest that existing valuation studies can be merged with a small valuation set in another country to produce value sets, thereby making own country value sets more attainable for LMICs.

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Tilles, William I. « Interpreting Electric Utilities’ Numbers and Equity Valuation ». AIMR Conference Proceedings 1997, n^o 5 (juillet 1997) : 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cp.v1997.n5.5.

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Blacconiere, Walter G., Marilyn F. Johnson et Mark S. Johnson. « Market valuation and deregulation of electric utilities ». Journal of Accounting and Economics 29, n^o 2 (avril 2000) : 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(00)00021-5.

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Spiegel, Elizabeth, Kathryn C. Nesbit, Ketly Altenor, Hoa Thi Nguyen, Ly Tran, Angela Quiñonez Hermosa, Holly Martin, Julia von Oettingen, Emily Treleaven et John Colin Partridge. « Valuation of Life With Disability : An International Comparison Study in Vietnam, Peru, and Haiti ». Journal of Child Neurology 36, n^o 7 (12 janvier 2021) : 556–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073820983262.

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The authors measured perceived quality of life for 4 disabilities among 450 adults in 3 resource-limited countries, measuring mean utilities using time trade-off, and surveying participants on 35 sociocultural characteristics to compare utilities for disabilities by country and examine associated sociocultural characteristics. Mean utilities were >0 for mild and moderate, but <0 for severe and profound. Utilities differed across countries ( P = .007, .000, .017, .000 for mild, moderate, severe, profound, respectively). Vietnamese utilities correlated with residence ( P = .03, moderate), education ( P = .03, severe), and number of children ( P = .03, moderate). Peruvian utilities correlated with education ( P = .05, mild; P = .05, severe), experience with disability ( P = .001, mild), gender ( P = .04, moderate; P = .03, profound), number of hospitalizations ( P = .04, severe). In Haiti, the only correlate was rejection ( P = .02, moderate). Culture-specific variables differentially shape perceptions of disability in developing countries, thereby affecting cost-effectiveness calculations. Given substantially negative perceptions, reducing major disability would improve cost-effectiveness of health-policy decisions more than reducing mortality.

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Aziz, Haris. « Achieving Envy-freeness and Equitability with Monetary Transfers ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n^o 6 (18 mai 2021) : 5102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i6.16645.

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When allocating indivisible resources or tasks, an envy-free allocation or equitable allocation may not exist. We present a sufficient condition and an algorithm to achieve envy-freeness and equitability when monetary transfers are allowed. The approach works for any agent valuation functions (positive or negative) as long as they satisfy superadditivity. For the case of additive utilities, we present a characterization of allocations that can simultaneously be made equitable and envy-free via payments. Our study shows that superadditive valuations constitute the largest class of valuations for which an envy-free and equitable outcome exists for all instances. We then present a distributed algorithm to compute an approximately envy-free outcome for any class of valuations.

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Hansen, Tonya Moen, Knut Stavem et Kim Rand. « Time trade-off with someone to live for : impact of having significant others on time trade-off valuations of hypothetical health states ». Quality of Life Research 31, n^o 4 (30 octobre 2021) : 1199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-03026-6.

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Abstract Background The TTO task involves giving up life years, i.e. living a shorter life, to avoid an undesirable health state. Despite being a hypothetical task, some respondents take other life factors into account when completing the task. This study explored the effect of having children and/or a partner on TTO valuations of hypothetical EQ-5D-5L health states in a valuation study of the general population. Methods The study used TTO data collected in a Norwegian EQ-5D-5L valuation study in 2019–2020, by one-to-one pc-assisted interviews following the EQ-VT protocol. We used regression modelling to determine the effect of significant others (having children or a partner) on disutility per health state from the TTO valuations. Results 430 respondents were included [mean age 43.8 (SD 15.9) years, 58% female, 48% with children, 68% with a partner, 25% with neither children nor partner]. Having children and/or a partner was associated with lowered willingness to trade life years translating to higher elicited health state utilities (p < 0.01). Conclusion Having significant others, or the lack of having significant others, was associated with respondents’ valuation of hypothetical health states using TTO, more so than traditional sampling variables such as age and sex. Inadequate representativeness in terms of having significant others could bias health state preference values in valuation studies.

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Spiegel, Elizabeth, Sunil Jondhale, Ivana Brajkovic, Kathryn C. Nesbit, Isabel E. Allen, Vinod Bhutani, Praveen Kumar et John Colin Partridge. « Valuation of Quality of Life in Pediatric Disability in a Developing Country ». Journal of Child Neurology 33, n^o 9 (29 mai 2018) : 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818773941.

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This article assessed how Indian providers and mothers value quality of life in pediatric disabilities, hypothesizing lower values with increasing disability, lower values among providers than mothers, and lower values among mothers with versus mothers without a disabled child. We asked 175 participants: “If born tomorrow, how many years of a disabled life ( y) would you trade to avoid life-long disability” for 4 hypothetical disabilities, calculating “utility” scores as: (life span – y) / life span, where death = 0 and full life without disability = 1. Providers’ utilities were 0.67 (mild), 0.18 (moderate), –0.70 (severe), and –0.60 (profound); 0.67, 0, –0.77, and –0.88 for mothers without and 0.38, –0.49, –0.86, and –0.87 for mothers with a disabled child. Mothers without reported lower utilities than providers (severe and profound disability [ P ≤ .03]), and higher utilities than mothers (for mild and moderate disability [ P < .001]). Major disability is valued as a fate worse than death in India.

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BELANGER-BISHINGA, CLEMENT, COLIN PARTRIDGE, EDDY JEAN BAPTISTE, MARIE-NANCY CHARLES LARCO, PHILIPPE LARCO, JULIA E. VON OETTINGEN et KETLY ALTENOR. « 870-P : Utilities to Measure Valuation of Diabetes in Haiti ». Diabetes 68, Supplement 1 (juin 2019) : 870—P. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db19-870-p.

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Waudby-Smith, Ian, A. Simon Pickard, Feng Xie et Eleanor M. Pullenayegum. « Using Both Time Tradeoff and Discrete Choice Experiments in Valuing the EQ-5D : Impact of Model Misspecification on Value Sets ». Medical Decision Making 40, n^o 4 (mai 2020) : 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x20924019.

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Introduction. The EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol contains both time tradeoff (TTO) tasks and discrete choice experiments (DCE), raising the question of how to best use these in creating a value set. The hybrid model, which combines TTO and DCE data, has emerged as a commonly used approach. However, this model assumes independence among responses from the same individual, a linear relationship between TTO and DCE utilities, and, in many implementations, homoscedastic residuals. The aims of this study are to examine alternatives to these assumptions and determine the impact of misspecification on value sets. Methods. We performed a simulation study, parameterized using the US EQ-5D-5L valuation study, to assess the impact of model misspecification. We simulated TTO and DCE data with nonlinear relationships between TTO and DCE utilities, heteroscedastic errors, and correlated responses. Simulated data were analyzed using hybrid models with and without heteroscedasticity, Tobit models with and without heteroscedasticity, a latent class model, and a mixed model. Results. Mean absolute errors (MAEs) for correctly specified models were <0.05, whereas models that incorrectly assumed a linear relationship between TTO and DCE utilities or homoscedasticity of TTO responses featured states with an MAE >0.1. When a linear relationship between TTO and DCE utilities held, using both TTO and DCE data under correct specification yielded smaller MAEs compared with using TTO data alone but yielded larger MAEs when a linear relationship did not hold. Mistakenly assuming homoscedasticity led to increased MAEs, whereas ignoring dependence did not. Conclusions. Because heteroscedasticity in TTO utilities and nonlinear associations between DCE and TTO utilities have been noted, we recommend careful assessment of scedasticity and linearity to ascertain the suitability of a hybrid model.

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Czyżewski, Bazyli, et Adam Majchrzak. « Mechanisms of valuation of public goods on the agricultural land market - considerations in the context of sustainable development ». Management 17, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2013) : 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2013-0072.

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Summary Mechanisms of valuation of public goods on the agricultural land market - considerations in the context of sustainable development Since the beginning of human civilization, the land has been creating certain utilities which satisfy human needs. When the dangerous side effects of industrial agriculture have occurred intrinsic land utilities are being discovered anew. They have a nature of public goods and constitute a hard core of the sustainable agriculture paradigm. Despite irreversible accumulation of capital in the anthropogenic environment many new utilities of the land come into existence without additional capital and labour outlay. Since they are public goods, they are paid from taxes in great measure. This way an intrinsic land utility takes a form of a financial product and can be called „intrinsic productivity” of land. The aim of the elaboration is to identify the mechanism that make intrinsic land utility transforms into productivity in monetary units. A conducted research consists in deriving a land rent capitalized in land prices and estimating its share in land value in comparison with the share of lease fees in the different regions of Poland in years 2000-2009. In the authors’ opinion since accession of Poland to the UE a market valorizes intrinsic utilities of land, whereas the new role of capital and labour is distribution of those utilities for consumers.

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Jones, Colin, et Neil Dunse. « The valuation of an airport as a commercial enterprise ». Journal of Property Investment & ; Finance 33, n^o 6 (7 septembre 2015) : 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-07-2015-0048.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to question whether traditional cost approaches apply to the valuation of an airport now that they are no longer public utilities but very much commercial enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – The research discusses the business model, the ownership and the importance of non-aviation business for an airport. It examines the principles of company valuation and International Accounting Standards in determining an airport’s value. Findings – The paper argues that an airport can be viewed as a specialist property company. A key issue is the role of separability of these assets. The paper concludes that previous research has taken a too restrictive view of this concept. An airport’s value is therefore based on the valuation of its component assets according to common property valuation methods. Practical implications – The paper challenges the traditional view of airport valuation. Originality/value – The paper rethinks the way airports should be valued.

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Pinto, Jo Ann M. « Equity valuation in a changing institutional climate : evidence from multinational utilities ». Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 12, n^o 1 (janvier 2003) : 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1061-9518(03)00004-1.

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Stolk, EA, et JJV Busschbach. « PMW2 : THE VALUATION OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION : CONVERTING CLINICAL OUTCOMES INTO UTILITIES ». Value in Health 2, n^o 5 (septembre 1999) : 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)75880-0.

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Henderson, B. Charlene, et K. E. Hughes. « Valuation implications of regulatory climate for utilities facing future environmental costs ». Advances in Accounting 26, n^o 1 (juin 2010) : 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2010.02.005.

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KARKI, NAVA RAJ, AJIT KUMAR VERMA, RAJESH KARKI et ARBIND KUMAR MISHRA. « RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS' OUTAGE COST ANALYSIS FOR URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN AREAS IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY ». International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 16, n^o 06 (décembre 2009) : 581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539309003599.

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This paper discusses cost of unreliability of electricity supply to the residential customers. Electricity supply outage cost is evaluated by customers' survey technique for urban and semi-urban residential areas of a developing country. The energy consumption pattern of urban and sub-urban areas is determined. Electricity supply outage cost is evaluated using both preparatory action approach and contingent valuation method. A detailed breakdown of customer's average outages costs for a entire day based on 8 three-hourly time durations are obtained that give easily understandable figures to the utilities. The power consumption pattern obtained are in close agreement with the utility's load curve. A MATLAB based computer program using Least Square Error Approximation is used to evaluate the outage cost.

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Kjærland, Frode. « Simple valuation of electric utilities – a comparison of the residual income model and a real options approach ». Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, n^o 2 (3 juin 2016) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.06.

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Since deregulation of the energy market in Norway, there has been a number of mergers and acquisitions of electric utilities. In all these transactions, the companies have been valued. Many of the transactions have sparked significant controversy (by politicians, consultants and others) who claim that the companies have been sold too cheaply, especially concerning hydropower generating companies. How can business valuation of these enterprises be explained? Real option theory is, in this study, applied in order to explain the value beyond a traditional approach. The residual income model proposed by Feltham and Ohlson (1995) is considered. The empirical analysis shows that an enhancement in explanatory power of 100% is brought about through the introduction of independent variables based on real option theory. This supports the use of real options in helping to explain values in this industry

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Huang, Zhehao, Zhenghui Li et Zhenzhen Wang. « Utility Indifference Valuation for Defaultable Corporate Bond with Credit Rating Migration ». Mathematics 8, n^o 11 (15 novembre 2020) : 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8112033.

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Credit risk modeling by debt pricing has been a popular theme in both academia and practice since the subprime crisis. In this paper, we devote our study to the indifferent price of a corporate bond with credit risk involving both default risk and credit rating migration risk in an incomplete market. The firm’s stock and a financial index on the market as tradable assets are introduced to hedge the credit risk, and the bond price is determined by the indifference of investors’ utilities with and without holding the bond. The models are established under the structural framework and result in Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) systems regarding utilities subject to default boundary and multiple migration boundaries. According to dynamic programming theory, closed-form solutions for pricing formulas are derived by implementing an inverted iteration program to overcome the joint effect of default and multiple credit rating migration. Therefore, with the derived explicit pricing formulas for the corporate bond, the models can be easily applied in practice, and investors can generate their strategies of hedging the credit risk by easily analyzing the impacts of the parameters on the bond price.

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Kharroubi, Samer A., Yara Beyh, Esmail Abdul Fattah et Tracey Young. « The Importance of Accounting for Parameter Uncertainty in SF-6D Value Sets and Its Impact on Studies that Use the SF-6D to Measure Health Utility ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 11 (2 juin 2020) : 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113949.

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Background: The parameter uncertainty in the six-dimensional health state short form (SF-6D) value sets is commonly ignored. There are two sources of parameter uncertainty: uncertainty around the estimated regression coefficients and uncertainty around the model’s specification. This study explores these two sources of parameter uncertainty in the value sets using probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and a Bayesian approach. Methods: We used data from the original UK/SF-6D valuation study to evaluate the extent of parameter uncertainty in the value set. First, we re-estimated the Brazier model to replicate the published estimated coefficients. Second, we estimated standard errors around the predicted utility of each SF-6D state to assess the impact of parameter uncertainty on these estimated utilities. Third, we used Monte Carlo simulation technique to account for the uncertainty on these estimates. Finally, we used a Bayesian approach to quantifying parameter uncertainty in the value sets. The extent of parameter uncertainty in SF-6D value sets was assessed using data from the Hong Kong valuation study. Results: Including parameter uncertainty results in wider confidence/credible intervals and improved coverage probability using both approaches. Using PSA, the mean 95% confidence intervals widths for the mean utilities were 0.1394 (range: 0.0565–0.2239) and 0.0989 (0.0048–0.1252) with and without parameter uncertainty whilst, using the Bayesian approach, this was 0.1478 (0.053–0.1665). Upon evaluating the impact of parameter uncertainty on estimates of a population’s mean utility, the true standard error was underestimated by 79.1% (PSA) and 86.15% (Bayesian) when parameter uncertainty was ignored. Conclusions: Parameter uncertainty around the SF-6D value set has a large impact on the predicted utilities and estimated confidence intervals. This uncertainty should be accounted for when using SF-6D utilities in economic evaluations. Ignoring this additional information could impact misleadingly on policy decisions.

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Grout, Paul A., Andrew Jenkins et Anna Zalewska. « Regulatory valuation of public utilities : A case study of the twentieth century ». Business History 56, n^o 6 (19 novembre 2013) : 936–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2013.848340.

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Manson, SC, P. van Hanswijck de Jonge, A. Palsgrove et PB Gorelick. « PCV107 VALUATION OF HEALTH STATE UTILITIES RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION WITH ASPIRIN ». Value in Health 13, n^o 7 (novembre 2010) : A361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(11)72449-4.

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Hajdu, Miklós, et István Hajnal. « Market Evaluation of Museum Buildings ». Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 49, n^o 1 (29 juin 2018) : 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.12736.

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One of the less explored areas in the profession of property valuation is the assessment of the market value of publicly owned or used properties (such as roads, public utilities, parks or prisons). In particular, the “quasi-market” segment, which partly operates according to market mechanisms, is the most challenging point. Hospitals, theatres and museums are examples of such “quasi-market” public properties. Those projects have some market revenues; however, these are not enough to provide a return on the invested capital. Advanced methods of decision-support and analysis have been developed regarding public investments, and the modern technical literature studies the measurement of consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) intensively. Adopting these foundations for a museum building, authors proposes a framework which follows the logic of market valuation and facilitates the Market Value appraisal of “quasi-market” properties based on uniform principles. This is an extended version of article titled as “Model for the market valuation of public, “quasi-market” properties, using the valuation of a museum building as an example”, presented at Creative Construction Conference 2017, CCC 2017, 19-22 June 2017, Primosten, Croatia.

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Kwon, Joseph, Sung Wook Kim, Wendy J. Ungar, Kate Tsiplova, Jason Madan et Stavros Petrou. « Patterns, trends and methodological associations in the measurement and valuation of childhood health utilities ». Quality of Life Research 28, n^o 7 (19 février 2019) : 1705–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02121-z.

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Hurlimann, A., et J. McKay. « Contingent valuation by the community of indirect benefits of using recycled water : an Australian case study ». Water Supply 5, n^o 3-4 (1 novembre 2005) : 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0088.

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Contingent valuation (CV) was used to survey an Australian community who will soon be using recycled water for non-potable purposes. Willingness to pay (WTP) for four indirect, non-market utilities of recycled water were investigated: a decreased amount of sewage going into the ocean; exemption form water restrictions; a continuously green appearance of public open space; and wetlands located in close proximity to dwellings. WTP trends were found across demographic variables (gender, age, income and education), with some significant differences between groups. Strong concern for the environment was found to influence WTP. An improved methodology for further research is suggested.

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Gundle, Kenneth R., Amy M. Cizik, Stephanie E. W. Punt, Ernest U. Conrad et Darin J. Davidson. « Validation of the SF-6D Health State Utilities Measure in Lower Extremity Sarcoma ». Sarcoma 2014 (2014) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/450902.

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Aim. Health state utilities measures are preference-weighted patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments that facilitate comparative effectiveness research. One such measure, the SF-6D, is generated from the Short Form 36 (SF-36). This report describes a psychometric evaluation of the SF-6D in a cross-sectional population of lower extremity sarcoma patients.Methods. Patients with lower extremity sarcoma from a prospective database who had completed the SF-36 and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) were eligible for inclusion. Computed SF-6D health states were given preference weights based on a prior valuation. The primary outcome was correlation between the SF-6D and TESS.Results. In 63 pairs of surveys in a lower extremity sarcoma population, the mean preference-weighted SF-6D score was 0.59 (95% CI 0.4–0.81). The distribution of SF-6D scores approximated a normal curve (skewness = 0.11). There was a positive correlation between the SF-6D and TESS (r=0.75,P<0.01). Respondents who reported walking aid use had lower SF-6D scores (0.53 versus 0.61,P=0.03). Five respondents underwent amputation, with lower SF-6D scores that approached significance (0.48 versus 0.6,P=0.06).Conclusions. The SF-6D health state utilities measure demonstrated convergent validity without evidence of ceiling or floor effects. The SF-6D is a health state utilities measure suitable for further research in sarcoma patients.

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Boyer, Tracy A., D. Harshanee W. Jayasekera et Justin Q. Moss. « An Assessment of Oklahoma City Commercial Businesses’ Willingness to Adopt Irrigation Water Conservation Methods ». HortTechnology 26, n^o 6 (décembre 2016) : 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03433-16.

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Outdoor irrigation water conservation in the commercial sector has rarely been studied. Periodic drought stress in Oklahoma has forced utilities departments, including the City of Oklahoma City, to seek ways of conserving water in both the residential and nonresidential sectors. Most of these efforts largely targeted the residential sector. In this study, we determined the willingness of commercial businesses in the Oklahoma City metro area to participate in water conservation methods, such as installing soil moisture sensors (SMCs), installing smart irrigation controllers (SICs) for their businesses, and participating in voluntary landscape irrigation assessments (LIA). We conducted a mail survey of 3000 commercial customers in which we used contingent valuation (CV) questions to elicit the financial savings that would induce participation in an LIA or adoption of SIC [n = 381 (13.7% response)]. A subsample experimental group received detailed information about future block rate water increases. Results of the study indicate that at current water utilities rates, commercial businesses are unlikely to adopt these conservation methods, but including information about future rate hikes may induce a subset of individuals to participate.

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Jakubczyk, M., et D. Golicki. « A Modified Time Trade-Off Experiment In EQ-5D-3L Valuation With Fuzzy Health States Utilities ». Value in Health 20, n^o 9 (octobre 2017) : A755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.08.2124.

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Bosch, Johanna L., James K. Hammitt, Milton C. Weinstein et Maria G. M. Hunink. « Estimating General-population Utilities Using One Binary-gamble Question per Respondent ». Medical Decision Making 18, n^o 4 (octobre 1998) : 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9801800405.

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This study used a single binary-gamble question per health state per respondent to obtain societal preferences for the health states intermittent claudication and major amputation and compare those with Health Utilities Indices obtained from patients, to test the feasibility of this method, and to investigate whether the utility depends on the presentation of a vignette as generic vs disease-specific. A random sample of the general U.S. population (n = 1,003) was randomly divided into ten subgroups. In tel ephone interviews, subjects answered one binary-gamble question in a standard-gam ble format for each of two health states. The risks of death varied across subgroups but not between health states. Mean utility was estimated by the area above the pro portional distribution of responses indicating acceptance of the gamble. The method is based on the binary-choice method used in contingent-valuation studies of willing ness to pay. The health states were alternatively described by generic and disease- specific vignettes in two subsamples. The results suggest that the binary-gamble ques tion can be used to obtain societal preferences for health states, and that disease-specific descriptions yield lower utilities compared with generic descriptions of health states. Key words: peripheral arterial occlusive disease, intermittent claudica tion ; quality of life; standard gamble; utility assessment. (Med Decis Making 1998;18: 381-390)

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Klink, Jeroen, Vanessa Lucena Empinotti et Marcelo Aversa. « On contested water governance and the making of urban financialisation : Exploring the case of metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil ». Urban Studies 57, n^o 8 (26 juin 2019) : 1676–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019844390.

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The literature on urban financialisation has prioritised the analysis of what finance does in the context of industrialised countries. This paper contributes to an understanding of what it is, and specifically how it emerges from the entanglements between the accumulation of intergovernmental debt, pricing and valuation practices – involving state and municipal utilities, regulatory agencies and consultancies – in the gradual transformation of shared into shareholder water governance in Brazilian metropolitan areas. Moreover, we provide a first illustration of how a more articulate approach between political economics and social studies of finance might contribute to an understanding of the making of urban financialisation, with a particular relevance for a context of less developed capital markets.

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Roudijk, Bram, A. Rogier T. Donders, Peep F. M. Stalmeier, Nan Luo, Rosalie Viney, Monica Viegas Andrade, Claire Gudex et al. « Cultural Values : Can They Explain Differences in Health Utilities between Countries ? » Medical Decision Making 39, n^o 5 (juillet 2019) : 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19841587.

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Introduction. Health utilities are widely used in health care. The distributions of utilities differ between countries; some countries more often report worse than dead health states, while mild states are valued more or less the same. We hypothesize that cultural values explain these country-related utility differences. Research Question. What is the effect of sociodemographic background, methodological factors, and cultural values on differences in health utilities? Methods and Analyses. Time tradeoff data from 28 EQ-5D valuation studies were analyzed, together with their sociodemographic variables. The dependent variable was [Formula: see text], the utility difference between mild and severe states. Country-specific cultural variables were taken from the World Values Survey. Multilevel models were used to analyze the effect of sociodemographic background, methodology (3L v. 5L), and cultural values on [Formula: see text]. Intraclass correlation (ICC) for country variation was used to assess the impact of the predicting variables on the variation between countries. Results. Substantial variation in [Formula: see text] was found between countries. Adding cultural values did not reduce ICCs for country variation. Sociodemographic background variables were only weakly associated with [Formula: see text] and did not affect the ICC. [Formula: see text] was 0.118 smaller for EQ-5D-5L studies. Discussion. [Formula: see text] varies between countries. These differences were not explained by national cultural values. In conclusion, despite correction for various variables, utility differences between countries remain substantial and unexplained. This justifies the use of country-specific value sets for instruments such as the EQ-5D.

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Chen, Yong, et Karen Xie. « Consumer valuation of Airbnb listings : a hedonic pricing approach ». International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29, n^o 9 (11 septembre 2017) : 2405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2016-0606.

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Purpose This paper aims to identify a wide array of utility-based attributes of Airbnb listings and measures the effects of these attributes on consumers’ valuation of Airbnb listings. Design/methodology/approach A hedonic price model was developed to test the effects of a group of utility-based attributes on the price of Airbnb listings, including the characteristics of Airbnb listings, attributes of hosts, reputation of listings and market competition. The authors examined attributes as they relate to the price of Airbnb listings and, therefore, estimated consumers’ willingness to pay for the specific attributes. The model was tested by using a dataset of 5,779 Airbnb listings managed by 4,602 hosts in 41 census tracts of Austin, Texas in the USA over a period from Airbnb’s launch in Texas up until November 2015. Findings The authors found that the functional characteristics of Airbnb listings were significantly associated to the price of the listings, and that three of five behavioral attributes of hosts were statistically significant. However, the effect of reputation of listings on the price of Airbnb listings was weak. Originality/value This study inspires what they call a factor-endowment valuation of Airbnb listings. It shows that the intrinsic attributes that an Airbnb listing endows are the primary source of consumer utilities, and thus consumer valuation of the listing is grounded on its functionality as an accommodation. This conclusion can shed light on the examination of competition between Airbnb and hotel accommodations that are built on the same or similar intrinsic attributes.

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Al-Saidi, Mohammad, et Sudeh Dehnavi. « Comparative Scorecard Assessment of Urban Water Pricing Policies—The Case of Jordan and Iran ». Water 11, n^o 4 (5 avril 2019) : 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040704.

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Urban water pricing is becoming increasingly important due to the rapid rate of urbanization and the expansion of water reclamation and reuse. The mounting evidence of failures of current pricing schemes makes analyzing their performance essential for understanding the adequacy of economic and sustainability policies in water management. However, urban water pricing policies are complex, serve multiple objectives, and vary widely across regions and countries. This paper presents an assessment framework for urban water pricing policies based on common conditions advocated for well-functioning pricing policies. Using a simplified scorecard, it compares the performance of urban water pricing policies in Jordan and Iran, two countries under growing scarcity pressure. Both countries show serious deficiencies with regard to the economic valuation of water services and the cost recovery of utilities. Public policies are rather oriented towards access and affordability, with Jordan showing a higher level of transparency and competition in tariff-setting. The assessment tool indicates a high potential for experience-sharing in future reforms, which should promote water as a scarce good. Such reforms need to prioritize full cost valuation, participation, and scientifically based designs of local and regional water tariffs.

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Vanhaute, O. A., R. Peleman et L. Annemans. « PRM42 Valuation of HR-QoL Utilities by the EQ-5D in a Group of Chronically Ill Patients ». Value in Health 14, n^o 7 (novembre 2011) : A428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.1073.

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Zhang, YuHang, et Ying Wang. « Supply Chain Decisions Considering Heterogeneous Consumer Greenness Preference and Reservation Utilities ». International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 12, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2019010101.

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This article focuses on how the prices set by supply chains and the product greenness level changes when there exists a difference for consumers in both their greenness preference and their reservation utility for the common product with minimal greenness, based on a two-dimensional model which is built and the market is partitioned into four groups. In this study, the authors use the Stackelberg game model to analyze the decisions of a two-stage supply chain, providing environmentally friendly products affected by a consumer greenness preference which is represented by the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for product greenness. The authors found that manufacturers may lower the product greenness level with the decrease of the valuation of consumer's WTP for product greenness, but he may prefer keeping the same product greenness, he will even improve it, when there is a reduction in reservation utility for the traditional product. Moreover, this article shows that there is different impact for different combinations of both WTP for product greenness and product greenness level (different market segmentations) on price decisions of the manufacturer and retailer. In consideration of the asymmetric information about consumer's utility and willingness to pay between manufacturer and retailer, the authors introduce the bargaining power into the study, and then they conclude that during the different market segmentations, the wholesale price and retail price go down as a retailer strengthens his bargaining power, and increasing sales volume can improve profit to make up for a loss in retail price.

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Holmgård, Christoffer, Antonios Liapis, Julian Togelius et Georgios Yannakakis. « Monte-Carlo Tree Search for Persona Based Player Modeling ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 11, n^o 5 (24 juin 2021) : 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v11i5.12849.

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Is it possible to conduct player modeling without any players? In this paper we use Monte-Carlo Tree Search-controlled procedural personas to simulate a range of decision making styles in the puzzle game MiniDungeons 2. The purpose is to provide a method for synthetic play testing of game levels with synthetic players based on designer intuition and experience. Five personas are constructed, representing five different decision making styles archetypal for the game. The personas vary solely in the weights of decision-making utilities that describe their valuation of a set affordances in MiniDungeons 2. By configuring these weights using designer expert knowledge, and passing the configurations directly to the MCTS algorithm, we make the personas exhibit a number of distinct decision making and play styles.

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Chan, Kelvin K. W., Feng Xie, Andrew R. Willan et Eleanor M. Pullenayegum. « Underestimation of Variance of Predicted Health Utilities Derived from Multiattribute Utility Instruments ». Medical Decision Making 37, n^o 3 (10 juillet 2016) : 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16650181.

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Background. Parameter uncertainty in value sets of multiattribute utility-based instruments (MAUIs) has received little attention previously. This false precision leads to underestimation of the uncertainty of the results of cost-effectiveness analyses. The aim of this study is to examine the use of multiple imputation as a method to account for this uncertainty of MAUI scoring algorithms. Method. We fitted a Bayesian model with random effects for respondents and health states to the data from the original US EQ-5D-3L valuation study, thereby estimating the uncertainty in the EQ-5D-3L scoring algorithm. We applied these results to EQ-5D-3L data from the Commonwealth Fund (CWF) Survey for Sick Adults ( n = 3958), comparing the standard error of the estimated mean utility in the CWF population using the predictive distribution from the Bayesian mixed-effect model (i.e., incorporating parameter uncertainty in the value set) with the standard error of the estimated mean utilities based on multiple imputation and the standard error using the conventional approach of using MAUI (i.e., ignoring uncertainty in the value set). Result. The mean utility in the CWF population based on the predictive distribution of the Bayesian model was 0.827 with a standard error (SE) of 0.011. When utilities were derived using the conventional approach, the estimated mean utility was 0.827 with an SE of 0.003, which is only 25% of the SE based on the full predictive distribution of the mixed-effect model. Using multiple imputation with 20 imputed sets, the mean utility was 0.828 with an SE of 0.011, which is similar to the SE based on the full predictive distribution. Conclusion. Ignoring uncertainty of the predicted health utilities derived from MAUIs could lead to substantial underestimation of the variance of mean utilities. Multiple imputation corrects for this underestimation so that the results of cost-effectiveness analyses using MAUIs can report the correct degree of uncertainty.

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Torvinen, Saku, Susanne Bergius, Risto Roine, Leena Lodenius, Harri Sintonen et Kimmo Taari. « USE OF PATIENT ASSESSED HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENTS IN PROSTATE CANCER RESEARCH : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2002–15 ». International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 32, n^o 3 (2016) : 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462316000118.

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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify and qualitatively describe, in a systematic literature review, published studies that collected prostate cancer patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) estimates by using validated, generic instruments.Methods: Systematic searches of the literature were made using the Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases from 2002 to 2015.Results: The search identified 2,171 references, of which 237 were obtained for full-text assessment; thirty-three of these articles were deemed relevant and included in the systematic review. An indirect valuation method was used in 73 percent (n = 24) of the studies. The most commonly used HRQoL instrument with an indirect valuation method was the EuroQol (EQ-5D; n = 21), and the second most common was the 15D (n = 5). A direct valuation method was used in 48 percent (n = 16) of the studies. Of these, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was the most often used (n = 10), followed by the Time-Trade-Off (n = 6). HRQoL scores varied in localized and early stage disease between 0.63 and 0.91, and in advanced or metastatic disease stage between 0.50 and 0.87. There was also variance in the HRQoL instruments and study methods used, which explains the large variance in HRQoL scores between the various disease stages.Conclusions: Although utility and quality-adjusted life-years gained are considered important measures of effectiveness in health care, the number of studies in which utilities of prostate cancer patients have been estimated using generic HRQoL instruments, based on either direct or indirect measurement of HRQoL, is fairly small.

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Küpper, Hans-Ulrich, et Burkhard Pedell. « Which asset valuation and depreciation method should be used for regulated utilities ? An analytical and simulation-based comparison ». Utilities Policy 40 (juin 2016) : 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2016.05.001.

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Kim, Junhyung, Jinho Kim et Hwanmin Jeong. « Key Parameters for Economic Valuation of V2G Applied to Ancillary Service : Data-Driven Approach ». Energies 15, n^o 23 (22 novembre 2022) : 8815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238815.

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Global automakers are speeding up both the suspension of production of internal combustion engine vehicles and the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in order to respond to global goals to become carbon-free and energy-efficient. Recently, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology has reached the commercialization stage in Korea. Many studies have mostly discussed profits that an EV owner can make by participating in a regulation program. However, all the stakeholders who are involved with V2G service have not been sufficiently considered. Thus, we propose a novel framework for the economic valuation of V2G in ancillary service. Furthermore, to estimate the available capacity of V2G and find an optimal strategy in order for the V2G service to run, a data-driven approach is proposed in this research. Comprehensive simulation results show the optimal situation requiring the minimum financial support for the EV owner when the V2G-service operator aggregates AC chargers. In addition, promotions from government and public utilities can accelerate the V2G service into the ancillary service. As a final remark, given the flexibility of the proposed framework, it could be adapted to validate its performance in other countries, as part of future works.

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Kövesi, János, Zsuzsanna Tóth et Tamás Jónás. « How much is intellectual capital worth for the organization ? » Acta Oeconomica 62, n^o 1 (1 mars 2012) : 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.62.2012.1.5.

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The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the use of evaluator and utility functions in order to increase the reliability of scorecard based intellectual capital (IC) measurement methods and to express and aggregate the utility of IC components to an organization. The conducted field experiment integrates the results of interviews with 23 brand name customers by examining the customer satisfaction measuring practice of service provider companies. Our main finding is that adequately calibrated evaluator functions assign perceived customer satisfaction to its scorecard based measured values and reduce the distortions of scorecard based measurements. The originality of the research lies in expressing and aggregating the utilities of IC components to the organization by interpreting the evaluator function as a kind of utility function. This application allows the joint use of financial valuation and scorecard based measurement in the same performance management system.

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Kaczmarski, Jesse, Benjamin Jones et Janie Chermak. « Determinants of Demand Response Program Participation : Contingent Valuation Evidence from a Smart Thermostat Program ». Energies 15, n^o 2 (14 janvier 2022) : 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020590.

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As renewable electricity generation continues to increase in the United States (US), considerable effort goes into matching heterogeneous supply to demand at a subhour time-step. As a result, some electric providers offer incentive-based programs for residential consumers that aim to reduce electric demand during high-demand periods. There is little research into determinants of consumer response to incentive-based programs beyond typical sociodemographic characteristics. To add to this body of literature, this paper presents the findings of a dichotomous choice contingent valuation (CV) survey targeting US ratepayers’ participation in a direct-load-control scheme utilizing a smart thermostat designed to reallocate consumer electricity demand on summer days when grid stress is high. Our results show approximately 50% of respondents are willing to participate at a median willingness-to-accept (WTA) figure of USD 9.50 (95% CI: 3.74, 15.25) per month that lasts for one summer (June through August)—or slightly less than USD 30 per annum. Participation is significantly affected by a respondent’s attitudes and preferences surrounding various environmental and institutional perspectives, but not by sociodemographic characteristics. These findings suggest utilities designing direct-load-control programs may improve participation by designing incentives specific to customers’ attitudes and preferences.

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Stevens, Katherine J., Christopher J. McCabe et John E. Brazier. « Mapping between Visual Analogue Scale and Standard Gamble data ; results from the UK Health Utilities Index 2 valuation survey ». Health Economics 15, n^o 5 (2006) : 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.1076.

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Rojas-Gualdrón, D., J. C. Diaz-Coronado, D. Hernandez-Parra, Y. Durango-Durango, R. Pined et a. Tamayo. « AB0222 HEALTH STATE UTILITY VALUES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BY SEX, AGE AND DISEASE ACTIVITY : REFERENCE DATA FROM A COLOMBIAN COHORT OF 1,545 PATIENTS ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (juin 2020) : 1411.2–1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6256.

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Background:As the basis for quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) calculation, health state utilities are essential for health technology assessment and economic evaluation.Objectives:To provide a reference value set of health state utility for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,545 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Disease activity was evaluated with the DAS-28 score. Health state utility (HSU) was estimated with the EUROQOL-5D-3L, using as reference the Spanish-speaking Hispanic predicted preference weights for 243 EQ-5D health states. Mean HSU differences were analyzed with the generalized linear model. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Patients mean age was 58.2 years (SD = 12.5), 82.4% were female. Disease activity was high in 137 (8.9%), moderate in 305 (19.7%) and low in 231 (56.4%) patients; 872 (56.4%) patients were in remission. HSU differed significantly by sex age and disease activity. Figures 1a (women) and 1b (men) shows the HSU by age and disease activity.Figure 1.Health State utilities by sex, age and disease activityConclusion:The way patients value different health states according to their sex, age and disease activity must be considered in health technology assessment and economic evaluations of interventions for rheumatoid arthritis patients. We provide a reference set for Latin-American patients.References:[1]Zarate V, Kind P, Chuang L-H. Hispanic Valuation of the EQ-5D Health States: A Social Value Set for Latin Americans. Value in Health. 2008;11(7):1170-7.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Cugno, Sabrina, Sheila Sprague, Eric Duku et Achilleas Thoma. « Composite tissue allotransplantation of the face : Decision analysis model ». Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 15, n^o 3 (septembre 2007) : 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030701500304.

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Background Facial composite tissue allotransplantation is a potential reconstructive option for severe facial disfigurement. The purpose of the present investigation was to use decision analysis modelling to ascertain the expected quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained with face transplantation (versus remaining in a disfigured state) in an effort to assist surgeons with the decision of whether to adopt this procedure. Study Design The probabilities of potential complications associated with facial allotransplantation were identified by a comprehensive review of kidney and hand transplant literature. A decision analysis tree illustrating possible health states for face allotransplantation was then constructed. Utilities were obtained from 30 participants, using the standard gamble and time trade-off measures. The utilities were then translated into QALYs, and the expected QALYs gained with transplantation were computed. Results Severe facial deformity was associated with an average of 7.34 QALYs. Allotransplantation of the face imparted an expected gain in QALYs of between 16.2 and 27.3 years. Conclusions The current debate within the medical community surrounding facial composite tissue allotransplantation has centred on the issue of inducing a state of immunocompromise in a physically healthy individual for a non-life-saving procedure. However, the latter must be weighed against the potential social and psychological benefits that transplantation would confer. As demonstrated by a gain of 26.9 QALYs, participants' valuation of quality of life is notably greater for face transplantation with its side effects of immunosuppression than for a state of uncompromised physical health with severe facial disfigurement.

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Schütz Roungkvist, Jannik, Peter Enevoldsen et George Xydis. « High-Resolution Electricity Spot Price Forecast for the Danish Power Market ». Sustainability 12, n^o 10 (22 mai 2020) : 4267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104267.

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Energy markets with a high penetration of renewables are more likely to be challenged by price variations or volatility, which is partly due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy. The Danish electricity market (DK1) is a great example of such a market, as 49% of the power production in DK1 is based on wind power, conclusively challenging the electricity spot price forecast for the Danish power market. The energy industry and academia have tried to find the best practices for spot price forecasting in Denmark, by introducing everything from linear models to sophisticated machine-learning approaches. This paper presents a linear model for price forecasting—based on electricity consumption, thermal power production, wind production and previous electricity prices—to estimate long-term electricity prices in electricity markets with a high wind penetration levels, to help utilities and asset owners to develop risk management strategies and for asset valuation.

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Andrade, Monica Viegas, Kenya Valeria Micaela de Souza Noronha, Ana Carolina Maia et Paul Kind. « What matters most ? : evidence-based findings of health dimensions affecting the societal preferences for EQ-5D health states ». Cadernos de Saúde Pública 29, suppl 1 (2013) : s59—s72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00021113.

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This study analyzes how different health dimensions defined by the EQ-5D-3L instrument affect average individual preferences for health states. This analysis is an important benchmark for the incorporation of health technologies as it takes into consideration Brazilian population preferences in health resource allocation decisions. The EQ-5D instrument defines health in terms of five dimensions (mobility, daily activities, self-care activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) each divided into three levels of severity. Data came from a valuation study with 3,362 literate individuals aged between 18 and 64 living in urban areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The main results reveal that health utility decreases as the level of severity increases. With regard to health issues, mobility stands out as the most important EQ-5D dimension. Independently of severity levels of the other EQ-5D-3L dimensions, the highest decrements in utilities are associated with severe mobility problems.

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Tymoshchyk, Liliia. « Classification of Factors Influencing the Valuation of Real Estate During its Sale ». Modern Economics 23, n^o 1 (27 octobre 2020) : 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v23(2020)-34.

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Annotation. Introduction. The mechanism of property valuation in Ukraine at the present stage of its development deals with the formation of a database on the state and dynamics of changes in the real estate market and the development of methodological tools for property valuation. This article is devoted to the study of such a category of tools as factors influencing the valuation of real estate when selling it in Ukraine. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to consider the factors that affect the valuation of real estate when selling it, and their classification. Results. The task of property valuation depends on its purpose. Properly defined purpose of the assessment establishes the cost base (or its type). Depending on the goal, a number of factors have been formed, which are taken into account in the evaluation process and affect its size, and the approach to their interpretation. The article considers four groups of factors. Physical factors take into account the condition of the property, its location and the characteristics of the stage of the life cycle of the territory. Analysis of this group allows you to determine the prospects of the object in accordance with the general condition of the area in which it is located. Economic factors have been determined by the demand in the local real estate market, risks, construction costs and related factors related to its course, taxes, proximity to roads and utilities. Considerable attention is paid in the article to the assessment of the value of enterprises and such specific factors of influence as liquidity of assets and the nature of corporate governance. Social factors consist of changes in the number and employment of the population in the territory, gender and age characteristics of the population, income level and so on. For enterprises, this group of factors includes the social composition of employees. The last group of factors, administrative (political), has a global character – it is determined by the nature of public policy in the area related to real estate or construction. Conclusions. Drawing conclusions in the article, the author emphasizes the constant nature of changes in factors – both the emergence of new and reassessment of others. It can change even depending on who is conducting it, so the evaluation should be independent, and a number of recommendations should be implemented to improve its transparency. Keywords: property; property management; management efficiency; territorial community.

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Lloyd, Andrew, Natalia Piglowska, Thomas Ciulla, Sarah Pitluck, Scott Johnson, Marric Buessing et Thomas O’Connell. « Estimation of impact of RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease on quality of life and the potential benefits of gene therapy ». British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, n^o 11 (18 janvier 2019) : 1610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313089.

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Background/aimsIn rare diseases, health-related quality of life (HRQL) data can be difficult to capture. Given the ultrarare nature of RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease (IRD), it was not feasible to recruit a patient sample and collect HRQL data prospectively. The objectives of this study were to develop health state descriptions of RPE65-mediated IRD, and to estimate associated patient utilities.MethodsVignette descriptions of IRD states were developed and then assessed to elicit utilities. The vignettes ranged from moderate vision loss through to hand motion to no light perception (NLP). Six retina specialists with additional expertise in IRDs provided a proxy valuation of the vignettes using generic measures of health—the 5-level version of EQ-5D-5L and Health Utility Index 3 (HUI3). The data were then scored using standard methods for each instrument.ResultsWeights from both HRQL measures revealed a large decline in scores with vision loss. The EQ-5D-5L weights ranged from 0.709 for moderate vision loss to 0.152 for hand motion to NLP. The HUI3 weights ranged from 0.519 to − 0.039, respectively. A decline was seen on both measures, and the degree of decline from moderate vision loss to NLP was identical on both (−0.56).ConclusionThis is the first study to report HRQL weights (or utilities) for health states describing different levels of vision loss in patients with IRD, specifically those with RPE65-mediated disease. The parallel decline in scores from the EQ-5D and HUI3 corroborates the substantial impact of progressive vision loss on HRQL.

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McTaggart-Cowan, Helen, Madeleine T. King, Richard Norman, Daniel S. J. Costa, A. Simon Pickard, Dean A. Regier, Rosalie Viney et Stuart J. Peacock. « The EORTC QLU-C10D : The Canadian Valuation Study and Algorithm to Derive Cancer-Specific Utilities From the EORTC QLQ-C30 ». MDM Policy & ; Practice 4, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 238146831984253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468319842532.

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Objective. The EORTC QLQ-C30 is widely used for assessing quality of life in cancer. However, QLQ-C30 responses cannot be incorporated in cost-utility analysis because they are not based on general population’s preferences, or utilities. To overcome this limitation, the QLU-C10D, a cancer-specific utility algorithm, was derived from the QLQ-C30. The aim of this study was to obtain Canadian population utility weights for the QLU-C10D. Methods. Respondents from a Canadian research panel expressed their preferences for 16 choice sets in an online discrete choice experiment. Each choice set consisted of two health states described by the 10 QLU-C10D domains plus an attribute representing duration of survival. Using a conditional logit model, responses were converted into utility decrements by evaluating the marginal rate of substitution between each QLU-C10D domain level with respect to duration. Results. A total of 3,363 individuals were recruited. A total of 2,345 completed at least one choice set and 2,271 completed all choice sets. The largest utility decrements were associated with the worse levels of Physical Functioning (−0.24), Pain (−0.18), Role Functioning (−0.15), Emotional Functioning (−0.12), and Nausea (−0.12). The remaining domains and levels had decrements of −0.05 to −0.09. The utility of the worst possible health state was −0.15. Conclusion. Respondents from the general population were most concerned with generic health domains, but Nausea and Bowel Problems also had an impact on the individual’s utility. It is unclear as to whether cancer-specific domains will affect cost-utility analysis when evaluating cancer treatments; this will be tested in the next phase of the study.

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Jansen, Femke, Irma M. Verdonck-de Leeuw, Eva Gamper, Richard Norman, Bernhard Holzner, Madeleine King et Georg Kemmler. « Dutch utility weights for the EORTC cancer-specific utility instrument : the Dutch EORTC QLU-C10D ». Quality of Life Research 30, n^o 7 (29 janvier 2021) : 2009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02767-8.

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Abstract Purpose To measure utilities among cancer patients, a cancer-specific utility instrument called the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLU-C10D has been developed based on EORTC quality of life core module (QLQ-C30). This study aimed to provide Dutch utility weights for the QLU-C10D. Methods A cross-sectional valuation study was performed in 1017 participants representative in age and gender of the Dutch general population. The valuation method was a discrete choice experiment containing 960 choice sets, i.e. pairs of QLU-C10D health states, each health state described in terms of the 10 QLU-C10D domains and the duration of that health state. Each participant considered 16 choice sets, choosing their preferred health state from each pair. Utility scores were derived using generalized estimation equation models. Non-monotonic levels were combined. Results Utility decrements were generated for all 10 QLU-C10D domains, with largest decrements for pain (− 0.242), physical functioning (− 0.228), and role functioning (− 0.149). Non-monotonic levels of emotional functioning, pain, fatigue, sleep problems, and appetite loss were combined. No decrement in utility was seen in case of a little or quite a bit impairment in emotional functioning or a little pain. The mean QLU-C10D utility score of the participants was 0.85 (median = 0.91, interquartile range = 0.82 to 0.96). Conclusion Dutch utility decrements were generated for the QLU-C10D. These are important for evaluating the cost-utility of new cancer treatments and supportive care interventions. Further insight is warranted into the added value of the QLU-C10D alongside other utility instruments.

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Nassif, Alexandre B., Sean Ericson, Chad Abbey, Robert Jeffers, Eliza Hotchkiss et Shay Bahramirad. « Valuing Resilience Benefits of Microgrids for an Interconnected Island Distribution System ». Electronics 11, n^o 24 (16 décembre 2022) : 4206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244206.

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Extreme climate-driven events such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires are becoming more intense in areas exposed to these threats, requiring approaches to improve the resilience of the electrical infrastructure serving these communities. Long-duration outages caused by such high impact events propagate to economic, health, and social consequences for communities. As essential service providers, electric utilities are mandated to provide safe, economical and reliable electricity to their customers. The public is becoming less tolerant to these more frequent disruptions, especially in view of technological advances that are intended to improve power quality, reliability and resilience. One promising solution is state-of-the-art microgrids and the advanced controls employed therein. This paper presents and demonstrates an approach to technoeconomic analysis that can be used to value the avoided economic consequences of grid resilience investments, as applied to the islands of Vieques and Culebra in Puerto Rico. This valuation methodology can support policies to incorporate resilience value into any investment decision-making process, especially those which serve the public interest.

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