Thèses : « User categories »

1

He, Miao. "Assigning related categories to user queries." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Turilin, Mikhail. "Radical innovation of user experience : how high tech companies create new categories of products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59142.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2010. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-85). In the last 15 years, several high tech companies successfully developed revolutionary products that were not based on completely new base technology. Instead, the companies used existing technologies to create products with attractive user experiences. The products appealed to customers and made their manufacturers leaders in their corresponding market segments. The approach to innovation taken by these companies could be called the "radical innovation of user experience." In this work, I will look for common patterns in customer research, product development, and the organizational management of successful user-experience innovation companies. As a result, I will create an asset of recommendations that could be used by product managers and general managers of technology companies to assess their innovation strategy. by Mikhail Turilin. S.M.

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Nawaz, Ather. "The role of culture in the structure of categories of application between Denmark and China." Thesis, Stockholm : KTH. Computer and Systems Sciences, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:134361/FULLTEXT01.

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Morton, Ashley. "Heating use in UK homes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25523.

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Within the UK, space heating accounts for 66% of the total domestic energy used. New heating controls may offer a means to reduce this figure and help meet the UK s target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. However these technologies will only save energy if occupants are able to use them effectively. Currently, little is known about how occupants interact with their heating systems, in particular how they use the heating within their home and the reasons behind why it is used a specific way. To investigate further, this thesis presents research which used both qualitative and quantitative methods over two separate studies to uncover why and how households heat their homes and how people use their heating system following the installation of new heating controls. The results identify key drivers which impact how people heat their homes and highlight numerous issues preventing them from using their heating how they wish to. A taxonomy of heating use is presented based on the factors influencing heating use in homes and how those factors impact the use and control of the heating system. Occupants use of new heating controls over a ten month period is presented. Manual interaction with controls is separated from programmed heating schedules showing increased manual use over winter and a reliance on heating schedules during shoulder months. The analysis of measured heating use showed similar findings to larger scale studies, however the demanded set-point temperatures were varied and occupants regularly changed heating schedules throughout winter, indicating some of this complexity may be lost by studies inferring heating use patterns from internal temperature measurements alone. The research presented within this thesis is novel, in developing heating characters based on the factors which influence occupants heating behaviours, by presenting measured heating use, which included measured set-point temperatures, heating schedules and heating use duration. The thesis also presented the complexity of heating use within homes uncovered through use of mixed methods.

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Koprulu, Secil. "Relevancy Of Bipolar Word Pairs Across Product Categories: A Comparative Study Between Automobiles And The Iphone." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612828/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates human product interaction with a focus on the physical experience provided by products. The differences of users&#039 perceptions are discussed according to the differences of bodily experiences served by products. The interaction with products is taken as a holistic experience phenomenon, and in order to assess users&#039 understandings and evaluations about the experience with products perceived pragmatic qualities, perceived hedonic qualities and elicited emotional reactions are analyzed. The research is conducted by means of surveys in order to compare users&#039 perceptual differences in relation to two different product groups: automobiles and the iPhone, which differ in content of interaction, namely one serves a more physical (bodily) experience while the other a more virtual one. In order to find out the perceptual differences, verbal descriptions of perceived qualities and emotional states are used as measurement tools. A list consisting of bipolar word pairs in relation with pragmatic qualities, hedonic qualities and emotional reactions has been composed, and perceptual differences are investigated through the bipolar word pairs&#039 relevancy levels according to the product. In addition, in order to show that meaning associations related to the same verbal description are context dependent, the meanings that are associated with the same word pairs for both products are investigated. Apparent differences between the relevant word pairs of the two different product groups have been observed, in addition with pragmatic qualities&#039 higher relevancy scores compared to hedonic qualities and emotional reactions in defining users&#039 interactions with products.

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Johansson, Carina. "I gatuplanet. Namnbrukarperspektiv på gatunamn i Stockholm." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Scandinavian Onomastics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8281.

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The purpose of this thesis is to apply a name user perspective to the street names of Stockholm, with a focus on knowledge and views about names among the city’s inhabitants. On the basis of interview surveys, a picture is presented of the knowledge and views of Stockholmers regarding their city’s street names and the semantic or thematic name categories to which many of them belong; that is, the study seeks to identify general features of the ways in which the people of the city relate to their street names. Surveys were carried out in seven districts: Hedvig Eleonora parish, Hjorthagen, Fredhäll, Norra Ängby, Årsta, Fruängen and Akalla. A separate survey studied the range and associative properties of street names among Stockholmers not living in the vicinity of the streets in question.General findings emerging from the surveys are that people are very familiar with the names in their local area; that knowledge about these names contributes to their well-being and sense of identity and belonging; that name categories are appreciated and considered to have an orientating function; that names which are seen as elegant or distinguished are regarded as enhancing the image and perceptions of the environment in which they occur; that long names and those made up of several words may be regarded as unwieldy in practical use; and that people need and create names for more limited park and recreational areas, while formally adopted names for larger green spaces are not used or are felt to be unclear in their reference.

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Mikulski, George Robert. "Use of Abstract Categories in Data Clustering Algorithms." NSUWorks, 2008. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/726.

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This research was motivated to address the problem of solving the difficulty of distinguishing data anomalies and patterns of information within the enormous volume of data generated in audit logs, and to approach or achieve real-time analysis of audit log data in applications and operating systems. The research question was if the employment of data clustering techniques that reduce the volume of audit data, would enable data analysts to approach or achieve real time intrusion detection due to the reduction in audit data. The approach used in this study was to use data mining clustering techniques to develop abstract categories from the audit log data that can be used with the pattern matching techniques already in use or under experimental development. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the suffix tree algorithm is the fastest in terms of real time processing speed, the most accurate, in terms of producing the fewest false positives, and the best at reducing audit data file size. The objectives of this research were to identify and test a group of algorithms for speed and accuracy in searching audit log data, as well as to determine their ability to distinguish anomalies and patterns. While researchers have developed a number of different algorithms for intrusion detection and pattern matching in databases, the approaches used in these algorithms have not been previously tested to determine their comparability in terms of speed of processing and the accuracy of the results. The methodology that was used in this study involves the assessment of data mining clustering techniques to develop abstract categories from the audit log data that can be used with pattern matching techniques already in existence. The methodology established criteria for the selection of cluster algorithms, resulting in the selection of K-Means, Single Pass, Fuzzy c-means, and Suffix Tree clustering algorithms for analysis. The test procedure was to measure the execution time of the algorithms in clustering datasets. The number of the false positives in the answer for the query is compared against the execution time. The findings determined which of the algorithms produced the greatest accuracy in the shortest amount of time, which indicates which approach is most effective and advanced. A superiority of the suffix tree algorithm was found, followed by the k-means, single pass, and fuzzy c-means.

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Peterson, Richard Garvin. "The construction and use of categories of Neolithic pottery from Wales." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43762/.

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The thesis examines the Neolithic pottery from Wales and attempts to write a history of practices concerned with its construction and use. This work is undertaken from the standpoint that contingency, that is the constraints and possibilities of the history of objects, has a major role in their construction and use. The thesis begins with an examination of some ideas about contingency and history in archaeology, biological science, material culture studies, and philosophy to build a pragmatic methodology for the study of the material. This methodology is particularly based upon the ideas of Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Rorty. A discussion of the evidence for the Neolithic period in Wales is then followed by the application of this methodology to five regional study areas within Wales. Localised narratives about the construction and use of Neolithic pottery are produced for each region. The methodology is then applied to the study of the material from Wales as a whole to produce a more general narrative. This narrative is then related to the discussion of the period as a whole, and to previous categorisations of the Neolithic and the Neolithic in Wales. The thesis allows to addition of more precise chronological resolution and some social interpretation to a body of evidence which has previously been marginalized within British Neolithic studies.

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Alencar, JosÃ Jonhson Alves. "Analysis of the Marshall-Lerner condition and J-curve by use categories in Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11455.

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nÃo hÃ The aim of this work is investigate the presence of Marshal-Lerner condition (CML) and the J curve for categories of use of goods and services. To do this, will be used two methodologies: a Johansenâs cointegration test, to analyze the long run effects, and an Impulse Response Function, to obtain the short run impacts. The novelty of this work is the concern with sectorial analyses of trade balance and their impacts due changes in exchange rates. Four categories will be studied: durable goods, non-durable goods, intermediate goods and capital goods. The results appointed that the CML is accepted for all goods. About the J curve, only durable and non-durable goods showed adjustment problems. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar a presenÃa da condiÃÃo de Marshall-Lerner (CML) e da curva J para as categorias de uso dos bens e serviÃos. Para tanto, foi realizado um teste de cointegraÃÃo de Johansen com fito de verificar a existÃncia de relaÃÃes de longo prazo positivas sobre a balanÃa comercial desses bens na presenÃa de uma desvalorizaÃÃo cambial. Para a curva J, foi estimado as funÃÃes impulso resposta e se valeu das relaÃÃes de curto prazo entre as variÃveis. A grande novidade deste trabalho estÃ na consideraÃÃo de impactos setoriais sobre a balanÃa comercial devido a variaÃÃes na taxa de cÃmbio real regional. Quatro categorias de bens foram analisadas segundo sua utilizaÃÃo: bens de consumo durÃvel, bens de consumo nÃo durÃvel, bens intermediÃrios e bens de capital. Dos resultados, foi constatado que a CML Ã vÃlida para todos os tipos de bens. E a curva J Ã verificada para bens de consumo durÃvel e nÃo durÃvel.

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Ellingson, Nicole. "Gauging Categories of Municipal Water Use Spatially Across North Dakota in Different Size Municipalities." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29210.

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Little is known about municipal water use in the state of North Dakota. Typically, the only water use information reported to the North Dakota State Water Commission is the amount of water withdrawn as part of a municipal water permit. The goal of this study was to expand current knowledge on municipal water use in the state. Two questionnaires were developed and administered to all cities with populations greater than 1,000 residents that were willing to participate. Questions focused on who is in charge of water-use data, how the data are recorded and stored, and if municipalities try to conserve water through various measures. Additionally, the project attempted to classify water-use data into categories and sub-categories of similar water using entities to develop per capita coefficients and normal commerce for different size cities. Results of the study will aid researchers and water managers in future water planning. North Dakota State Water Commission Geological Survey (U.S.)

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Barakat, Rahaf. "Automated Framework to Improve User?s Awareness and to Categorize Friends on Online Social Networks." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25239.

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The popularity of online social networks has brought up new privacy threats. These threats often arise after users willingly, but unwittingly reveal their information to a wider group of people than they actually intended. Moreover, the well adapted ?friends-based? privacy control has proven to be ill-equipped to prevent dynamic information disclosure, such as in user text posts. Ironically, it fails to capture the dynamic nature of this data by reducing the problem to manual privacy management which is time-consuming, tiresome and error-prone task. This dissertation identifies an important problem with posting on social networks and proposes a unique two phase approach to the problem. First, we suggest an additional layer of security be added to social networking sites. This layer includes a framework for natural language to automatically check texts to be posted by the user and detect dangerous information disclosure so it warns the user. A set of detection rules have been developed for this purpose and tested with over 16,000 Facebook posts to confirm the detection quality. The results showed that our approach has an 85% detection rate which outperforms other existing approaches. Second, we propose utilizing trust between friends as currency to access dangerous posts. The unique feature of our approach is that the trust value is related to the absence of interaction on the given topic. To approach our goal, we defined trust metrics that can be used to determine trustworthy friends in terms of the given topic. In addition, we built a tool which calculates the metrics automatically, and then generates a list of trusted friends. Our experiments show that our approach has reasonably acceptable performance in terms of predicting friends? interactions for the given posts. Finally, we performed some data analysis on a small set of user interaction records on Facebook to show that friends? interaction could be triggered by certain topics.

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Sandin, David. "From De Beauvoir to Butler : How gendered categories have been used in five classical texts on gender." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6416.

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The focus of this thesis is to investigate how gender related concepts have used in practice from Simone De Beauvoir’s “The second sex”, to Judith Butler’s “Bodies that matters”. The other texts used are “the traffic in women” by Gayle Rubin, “Gender: an ethnomethodological approach” by Suzanne Kessler and Wendy McKenna and “Gender and power” by Robert Connell. In my theoretical part I use the idea that categories are human inventions, that no categories including those important to the gender issue are more correct than any other and that the usefulness of categories can only be measured by the usefulness of the theories attached to them. I am also inspired by the theory of critical realism that claims that research must focus on the internal mechanisms that causes the effects that we are observing. The method used is an adaptation of philosophical conceptual analysis where I have analyzed how gender related concepts such as “men” and “women” are used in my empirical material. The focus was to create an understanding of how gender categories where used in the texts that I where analyzing. There is also a metatheoretical approach where the empirical material is used in order to get an understanding on how to create new theories. The conclusions of this thesis is that the theoretical concept of gender has developed from a description of how social forces affected people in the category “women” different from those in the category “men” to a more and more intricate philosophical and theoretical discussion of how to understand and analyze this difference. The second conclusion is that all the authors of my material are struggling with how the relation between the sexed\gendered bodies and the social characteristics of men and women should be explained. This leads to a number of problematic conclusions that I claim can be solved by not using specific theories about gender but instead focusing on general social theories based on causality and internal relations that explains the phenomena that are studied.

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Oliveira, Catia Gomes de. "Breve análise da categoria de satisfação na obra de Donabedian." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 1992. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1940.

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Como pesquisadora do Departamento de Planejamento do Instituto de Medicina Social da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tive acesso a bibliografia acerca da avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de saúde pela ótica do usuário. Estes estudos, paradigmáticos na área, são (em sua grande maioria) pautados por uma abordagem funcionalista que nos deixam entreabertas questões conceituais que priorizamos. Como incorporar instrumentais elaborados em e para realidades distintas da brasileira sem prévia redefinição teórica, portanto política? Neste estudo, o objeto privilegiado de nossas reflexões é a obra de Avédis Donabedian, autor que ha mais de vinte anos estuda e pesquisa Avaliação da Qualidade dos Serviços de Saúde. Utilizando a metodologia da análise de discurso abordamos, no capitulo II, as principais idéias com as quais o autor sistematiza seu Modelo Normativo, priorizando o entendimento da satisfação do paciente enquanto uma das medidas da avaliação da qualidade da atenção prestada. As a researcher in the Department of Planning of the Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, had access to literature on the assessment of quality of health services from the perspective of the user. These studies, paradigmatic in the area are (mostly) guided by a functionalist approach that let us ajar conceptual issues we prioritize. How to incorporate in instrumental elaborate and distinct realities of Brazil without prior theoretical reset, so political? In this study, the privileged object of our reflections is the work of Avedis Donabedian, author ha over twenty years studying and researching Quality Assessment Health Services Using the methodology of discourse analysis approach, in Chapter II, the main ideas with which the author systematizes its Normative Model, emphasizing the understanding of patient satisfaction as one of the measures of assessing the quality of care provided.

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Hughes, Paul. "Job placement strategies used by community rehabilitation programs and client employment outcomes a study of three diagnostic categories /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002hughesp.pdf.

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Adeogun, Oluseun. "Informatics for devices within telehealth systems for monitoring chronic diseases." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6493.

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Preliminary investigation at the beginning of this research showed that informatics on point-of-care (POC) devices was limited to basic data generation and processing. This thesis is based on publications of several studies during the course of the research. The aim of the research is to model and analyse information generation and exchange in telehealth systems and to identify and analyse the capabilities of these systems in managing chronic diseases which utilise point-of-care devices. The objectives to meet the aim are as follows: (i) to review the state-of-the-art in informatics and decision support on point-of-care devices. (ii) to assess the current level of servitization of POC devices used within the home environment. (iii) to identify current models of information generation and exchange for POC devices using a telehealth perspective. (iv) to identify the capabilities of telehealth systems. (v) to evaluate key components of telehealth systems (i.e. POC devices and intermediate devices). (vi) to analyse the capabilities of telehealth systems as enablers to a healthcare policy. The literature review showed that data transfer from devices is an important part of generating information. The implication of this is that future designs of devices should have efficient ways of transferring data to minimise the errors that may be introduced through manual data entry/transfer. The full impact of a servitized model for point-of-care devices is possible within a telehealth system, since capabilities of interpreting data for the patient will be offered as a service (c.f. NHS Direct). This research helped to deduce components of telehealth systems which are important in supporting informatics and decision making for actors of the system. These included actors and devices. Telehealth systems also help facilitate the exchange of data to help decision making to be faster for all actors concerned. This research has shown that a large number of capability categories existed for the patients and health professionals. There were no capabilities related to the caregiver that had a direct impact on the patient and health professional. This was not surprising since the numbers of caregivers in current telehealth systems was low. Two types of intermediate devices were identified in telehealth systems: generic and proprietary. Patients and caregivers used both types, while health professionals only used generic devices. However, there was a higher incidence of proprietary devices used by patients. Proprietary devices possess features to support patients better thus promoting their independence in managing their chronic condition. This research developed a six-step methodology for working from government objectives to appropriate telehealth capability categories. This helped to determine objectives for which a telehealth system is suitable.

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Weitzel, Simone da Rocha. "Os repositórios de e-prints como nova forma de organização da produção científica: o caso da área das Ciências da Comunicação no Brasil." Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://eprints.rclis.org/10714/1/tese_Weitzel_USP.pdf.

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The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way scientists communicate their research results increasing the power to disseminate and to access scientific production. This fact was responsible to restructure the scientific information flow that has incorporated its own characteristics from the digital culture. The Open Archives Initiative constituted the infrastructure that supports this restructuring. It was also responsible for the institutionalization of a model called e-prints repositories (ER), that stores, disseminates and promotes scientific production, published or not, in a place managed by the scientific community itself, that allows the inclusion of their public commmentaries about contents of that production. The hypothesis of this work suggests that the adherence to this model by the scientific communities depends on the level of understanding and acceptance, of the profile of the field interfering with the adoption of the innovation and its legitimation. Through a case study of Brazilian researchers from the Communication Sciences field it had been carried out the electronic focus group technique among 18 researchers, whose profile was formed by researches leaders registered at CNPq with backgroung in the field. The exploratory study identified many questions present in the dynamics of scientific communication of the field leading to proof of the hypothesis. From among results, distinguish low perception of that this model optimized the scientific information flow and strong tendency to not accept the model becauce of field profile. In conclusion, the level of adherence to the model is inserted in a medium to low scale.

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Xie, Haiyan. "The inhibitory activities of constituents of the three main categorites in ginkgo biloba towards amyloidi-ß peptide aggregation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/68.

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The standard extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGb761) is being clinically used in Europe for the treatment of impaired cerebral function in primary degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia. The abnormal production and aggregation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and the deposition of fibrils in the brain is considered as key steps in the onset of AD. For this reason, the inhibition of Aβ aggregation and the destabilization of preformed fibrils have been identified as effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of AD. EGb761 mainly contains three categories of components: flavonol glycosides (FGs), terpene trilactones (TTLs), and catechins and procyanidins. Among them, only TTLs have been evaluated for the inhibition towards Aβ aggregation, and the effects were much weaker than that of the extract. It was suggested that EGb761 should contain several other compounds that are responsible for this activity. In the current study, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of the generally chemical and bioactive properties of the compounds belonging to all three of the major component categories present in EGb761. We aimed to identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory activity exhibited by EGb761 towards Aβ42 aggregation and the destabilization of preformed fibrils. The results can be summarized as follows. Seven major FGs were isolated from EGb761 and determined to be quercetin 3-O-α-(6′′′-p-coumaroyl glucopyranosyl-β-1,2-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-α-(6′′′-p-coumaroyl glucopyranosyl-β-1,2-rhamnopyranoside) (2), quercetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside (3), quercetin 3-O-α-L-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside (6), and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1,2)-rhamnopyranoside (7) by structural analysis. Four catechins and two procyanidins were also found in EGb761 and identified as catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, procyanidins B1 and B3. The inhibitory activities of these compounds and four major TTLs (i.e., ginkgolides A, B, and C and bilobalide) towards Aβ42 aggregation were evaluated using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The results revealed that catechins and procyanidins compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 3-16 μM, and those of the procyanidins were stronger. Three of the FGs (FG1, FG3 and FG4) showed moderate inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 30-70 μM, whereas the other four FGs (i.e., FG2, FG5, FG6 and FG7) and the four TTLs showed much weaker activity. The catechins and procyanidins also showed potent activities towards the destabilization of preformed Aβ fibrils. Based on these results, we established several structure-activity relationships (SARs) that specific structural groups, as well as the number and position of hydroxyl groups, the linking sequences of the sugar moieties, and the three dimensional conformations of the compounds were important to their inhibitory activity. We also established quantitative analysis of all these tested compounds and simultaneously determined their contents in the Ginkgo extracts. In addition, total FGs, total TTLs, and total catechins and procyanidins were prepared by column chromatography. Similarly, they were also quantitatively analyzed and their inhibitory activities towards Aβ42 aggregation were evaluated. The results showed that total catechins and procyanidins exerted much stronger activity than total FGs and total TTLs. Comprehensive assessment of their activities and contents in the extract indicated that the contribution of the FGs was almost twice that of the catechins and procyanidins, which indicated that they played an important role in the effect of the extract. TTLs alone could barely contribute to the EGb’ effect and probably exerted their influence through the synergistic effect with FGs, which was speculated from the study. In conclusion, the current study has shown that the catechins and procyanidins present in EGb761 possessed potent ability to inhibit Aβ aggregation and destabilize preformed fibrils. FGs made a significant contribution to EGb761’s inhibitory activity towards Aβ aggregation and its neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, the SAR study provide evidences for further research and development of Ginkgo products and drugs designed to target Aβ aggregation or the destabilization of preformed fibrils. Despite their low contents in EGb761 and related products, catechins and procyanidins, and even proanthocyanidins deserve further study because of their potent effects towards Aβ aggregation and the destabilization of preformed fibrils, which could have a significant impact on the quality control of Ginkgo leaves and Ginkgo products.

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Imidio, Andreza Messias. "Germinação de sementes e aspectos etnobotânicos de Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff no estado de Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4230.

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The Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff is a specie belonging to the Cactaceae family, endemic in Brazil and typical of the Restinga ecosystem on the Brazilian coast. Popularly known as the head of the monk, in Sergipe is one of the most recorded species in the Restinga of the state, but its status is vulnerable (VU) according to international criteria of Union for Nature Conservation due to the strong utilitarianism and fragmentation of its species occurs. Allied to these factors is the vegetative phase of the very long species, a decade until it begins to produce fruits, which further aggravates its vulnerability. The objective of this work was to identify the Melocactus violaceus in its habitat and its importance in the state of Sergipe through bibliographic review, germination tests in substrate and in vitro aiming the production of seedlings, and to develop ethnobotanical study. For the germination tests, the evaluated variables were the germination speed index (IVG) and the percentage of germination. The experiments of germination in substrate were carried out in laboratory and greenhouse. The substrate used was washed sand and 1: 1 vegetable soil with seeds previously soaked in different time intervals. In the laboratory, there were significant differences in IVG values and percentage of germination. In the greenhouse, there was a significant difference only for the IVG variable. For in vitro germination, the basic medium used was composed of the Murashige & Skoog salts formulation. This experiment was composed of two imbibition treatments: seeds imbibed in distilled water (T1) and seeds embedded in gibberellin (T2) at concentrations of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mgL-1. In the results obtained in treatment 1 there were significant differences in Germination Percentage and IVG, however, in treatment 2 there was a significant difference only in IVG according to the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance. The substrate germination treatments for the M. violaceus seeds in the greenhouse showed better results in the germination percentage and in the IVG, with periods of imbibition of more than 30 minutes. The treatments with germination in vitro were efficient and reached more than 40% of germinated seeds, but in the treatments with gibberellin the evaluated concentrations of the phytorregulator did not present significant difference on the percentage of germination. The ethnobotanical study was developed with 60 people in the County of Pacatuba, Pirambu and Aracaju, on the knowledge and uses of M. violaceus. In each municipality, 20 people were interviewed through a semi-structured road map. The profiles of the interviewed population, the way of knowledge was divided in the communities, as well as the categories of use were identified. The categories of use identified were ornamental, medicinal, mystical and food. O Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff é uma espécie pertencente à família Cactaceae, endêmica no Brasil e típica do ecossistema Restinga no litoral brasileiro. Conhecida popularmente como cabeça-de-frade, em Sergipe é uma das espécies mais registradas nas Restinga do estado, porém encontra-se com status de vulnerável (VU) segundo critérios da União Internacional de Conservação da Natureza devido ao forte utilitarismo e fragmentação de seu habitat nos locais onde a espécie ocorre. Aliada a esses fatores está a fase vegetativa da espécie muito longa, uma década até começar a produzir frutos, o que agrava ainda mais sua vulnerabilidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivos identificar o Melocactus violaceus em seu habitat e sua importância no estado de Sergipe através de revisão bibliográfica, realização de testes de germinação em substrato e in vitro visando à produção de mudas, e desenvolver estudo etnobotânico. Para os testes de germinação, as variáveis avaliadas foram o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e o Percentual de germinação. Os experimentos de germinação em substrato foram realizados em laboratório e casa-de-vegetação. O substrato utilizado foi composto por areia lavada e terra vegetal na proporção de 1:1 com sementes previamente embebidas em diferentes intervalos de tempo. Em laboratório, houve diferenças significativas nos valores de IVG e na porcentagem de germinação. Em casa-de-vegetação, houve diferença significativa apenas para a variável IVG. Para a germinação in vitro, o meio básico utilizado foi composto pela formulação de sais de Murashige & Skoog. Este experimento foi composto por dois tratamentos de embebição: sementes embebidas em água destilada (T1) e sementes embebidas em giberelina (T2) nas concentrações de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mgL-1. Nos resultados obtidos no tratamento 1 houve diferenças significativas nos valores de Porcentagem de Germinação e IVG, entretanto, no tratamento 2 houve diferença significativa somente no IVG de acordo com o teste Scott-Knott a 5% de significância. Os tratamentos de germinação em substrato para as sementes de M. violaceus na casa-de-vegetação apresentaram melhores resultados na porcentagem de germinação e no IVG, com períodos de embebição superiores a 30 minutos. Os tratamentos com germinação in vitro mostraram-se eficientes e alcançaram mais de 40% de sementes germinadas, porém nos tratamentos com giberelina as concentrações avaliadas do fitorregulador não apresentaram diferença significativa sobre a porcentagem de germinação. O estudo etnobotânico foi desenvolvido com 60 pessoas nos municípios de Pacatuba, Pirambu e Aracaju, sobre o conhecimento e usos do M. violaceus. Em cada município foram entrevistadas 20 pessoas através de um roteiro semiestruturado. Foram identificados os perfis da população entrevistada, a forma como o conhecimento está dividido nas comunidades, assim como as categorias de uso. As categorias de uso identificadas foram ornamental, medicinal, místico e alimentício.

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Putrenko, Alex, and Philip Oppor. "Framing Within Tech Crowdfunding Campaigns : How does the use of different cognitive framing categories influence the crowdfunding success of technology startups?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388724.

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This study explores the relationship between the use of framing within crowdfundingcampaigns of technology startup companies and the funding outcomes of these campaigns.We examine how the presence of cognitive framing categories of opportunity, threat, noveltyand commonality within crowdfunding pitches of technology startups affect the chance ofsuccessfully receiving funding. In order to examine the effect of framing on the funding outcomes of crowdfundingcampaigns, a qualitative, explorative research approach is employed. With the use of anexisting framing framework, we identify, categorize and analyze the content of crowdfundingcampaigns. The data sample we analyze is comprised of publicly available technologycompany crowdfunding campaigns collected from Kickstarter, a crowdfunding platform. The results suggest that the presence of novelty and opportunity framing withincrowdfunding campaigns is most closely associated with successful funding. We alsodiscover that several other campaign components, both prose and non-prose, which did notconform into the framing cognitive categories outlined, may also be important for thesuccessful funding of campaigns.

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Majambo, K. "On interlingual interference in the use of tense and some related aspectual and 'aktionsart' categories by Ciluba-French speakers learning English in Zaire." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383331.

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Cudney, Thomas Wayne. "Kant's Use of Transcendental Arguments." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/62.

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Kant is famous for his use of transcendental arguments in the transcendental deduction. This thesis examines how such a transcendental argument is used within Kant’s methodological framework. Following the work of Henrich and Walker, the paper asks whether transcendental arguments in the Critique of Pure Reason are compatible with Kant’s methodology in general. We find that these arguments and Kant’s methodology are compatible, and that transcendental arguments are indeed very weak arguments by Walker’s standards. However, the entire transcendental deduction should be understood as a deduction writing that uses transcendental arguments particularly effectively according to Kant’s own methodological standards.

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Rodrigues, Marcus VinÃcius Sousa. "AvaliaÃÃo do desempenho da cobranÃa da Ãgua bruta por categoria de uso nas Bacias do Estado do CearÃ utilizando a anÃlise por envoltÃria de dados." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12513.

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nÃo hÃ A escassez de recursos hÃdricos pode causar sÃrios conflitos de interesse devido aos seus mÃltiplos usos. A gestÃo dos recursos hÃdricos em uma bacia hidrogrÃfica Ã a forma mais segura de garantir esses usos mÃltiplos, por meio da adoÃÃo de instrumentos, tais como a cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua. A cobranÃa tem sido implementada de uma forma muito lenta no Brasil, mesmo tendo o respaldo na Lei nÂ 9.433/97 e nas PolÃticas Estaduais de Recursos HÃdricos. A cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua bruta no CearÃ teve inÃcio em 1996, tendo a Companhia de GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do CearÃ â COGERH, como o ÃrgÃo responsÃvel pelo seu cÃlculo e sua efetivaÃÃo. AtÃ a presente data nenhum trabalho foi feito com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho desse instrumento por categoria de uso nas bacias hidrogrÃficas do Estado do CearÃ. O objetivo principal deste trabalho de doutorado Ã propor uma metodologia, por meio da anÃlise por envoltÃria de dados, que avalie o desempenho do instrumento da cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua bruta aplicada as principais categorias de uso (indÃstria, abastecimento pÃblico e irrigaÃÃo) nas bacias hidrogrÃficas do Estado do CearÃ. O modelo proposto para a anÃlise do desempenho foi composto por seis variÃveis (sendo quatro inputs e dois outputs) e o mÃtodo usado foi o DEA-BCC, com orientaÃÃo a output, utilizando como ferramenta computacional o software DEA-Solver, professional version 7.0. Ao todo foram analisadas 33 DMUs de todas as bacias hidrogrÃficas cearenses. Dessas unidades, treze foram classificadas como eficientes e consequentemente vinte foram classificadas como ineficientes. O conjunto das 33 DMUs apresentou uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 64,80%. O setor que se mostrou com maior eficiÃncia em todo o Estado foi a indÃstria, com uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 97,97%, seguido pelo setor do abastecimento pÃblico com uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 68,17%. O setor da irrigaÃÃo foi o setor mais ineficiente de todo o Estado, com uma medida de eficiÃncia mÃdia igual a aproximadamente 28,25%. Ao todo oito DMUs da irrigaÃÃo se apresentaram com baixÃssimas eficiÃncias, medidas abaixo de 6,5%, se destacando, negativamente, a DMU24 (bacia do AcaraÃ), como sendo a unidade mais ineficiente de todo o conjunto analisado, com uma eficiÃncia relativa de aproximadamente 0,08%. Dentre os critÃrios usados para anÃlise se destacam os inputs IUO (Ãndice de usuÃrios outorgados) e IBH (Ãndice de balanÃo hÃdrico), e os outputs IFVC (Ãndice de faturamento por volume consumido) e TMF (taxa mÃdia de faturamento). Em relaÃÃo aos critÃrios propostos neste trabalho, podem-se observar usuÃrios de recursos hÃdricos que se apresentam em desacordo com as legislaÃÃes vigentes no Estado em relaÃÃo aos recursos hÃdricos, como usuÃrios faturados que nÃo possuem outorgas ou usuÃrios que apresentam consumos superiores as suas outorgas. The scarcity of water resources can cause serious conflicts of interest due to its multiple uses. The management of water resources in a watershed is the safest way to ensure these multiple uses, through the adoption of instruments, such as charging for water use. The collection has been implemented very slowly in Brazil, even though the trust of the Law No. 9433/97 and State Policies on Water Resources. The charge for the use of raw water in CearÃ began in 1996 and the Water Resources Management Company of CearÃ - COGERH, as the agency responsible for its calculation and its implementation. To date no work has been done in order to evaluate the performance of this instrument by use category in the watersheds of the State of CearÃ. The main objective of this doctoral work is to propose a methodology through data envelopment analysis, to evaluate the performance of the instrument of charging for the use of raw water applied the main use categories (industrial, public supply and irrigation) in the basins river of CearÃ. The proposed performance analysis model was composed of six variables (with four inputs and two outputs) and the method used was the DEA-BCC, with the output orientation, as computational tool using the DEA-Solver, professional version 7.0 software. Altogether 33 DMUs of all CearÃ basins were analyzed. These units, thirteen were classified as efficient and consequently twenty were classified as inefficient. The set of 33 DMUs showed an average efficiency of approximately 64.80%. The sector that has proved more efficiently throughout the state was the industry with an average efficiency of about 97.97%, followed by public supply sector with an average efficiency of approximately 68.17%. The irrigation sector was the most inefficient industry throughout the state, with an average efficiency measure equal to approximately 28.25%. Altogether eight DMUs irrigation presented with very low efficiencies, measures below 6.5%, highlighting negatively to DMU24 (AcaraÃ basin), as the most inefficient unit all analyzed together with a relative efficiency of approximately 0.08%. Among the criteria used for analysis stand out iuo index (granted users) and IBH index (water balance) inputs, and outputs IFVC (billing index volume consumed) and TMF (average billing rate). In relation to the criteria proposed in this paper, we can observe water users which are in disagreement with the laws in force in the State in relation to water resources, billed as users who do not have licenses or users who have higher intakes their grants.

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Marroquín, Maritza Chirinos. "Adequação às condições brasileiras de modelo de caracterização para a categoria de impacto uso do solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-10072014-164910/.

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O uso intensivo de áreas do solo provoca alterações na sua qualidade, tornando-se necessária a criação de métodos de avaliação e monitoramento. A técnica de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma importante ferramenta para o cálculo de impactos ambientais, relativos a um sistema de produto com fronteiras delimitadas, sendo o Uso do Solo uma das categorias de impacto avaliada. Na ACV este impacto é avaliado, a partir de fatores de caracterização, os quais utilizam indicadores que quantificam as consequências de modificações na estrutura do solo, levando em consideração a realidade e as características morfológicas de cada país ou região. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar adequações relacionadas às condições brasileiras do modelo para a caracterização de impactos provocados pelo uso do solo, a partir da adaptação de fatores de caracterização. De acordo com a pesquisa bibliográfica acerca dos métodos de avaliação do uso do solo na ACV, dois grupos são avaliados a Biodiversidade e as Funções de Suporte de Vida (FSV). Neste estudo foram identificados diferentes métodos que avaliam os impactos nas FSV e a partir de alguns critérios adotados foram posteriormente submetidos a uma análise, a fim de se determinar o método de maior relevância para as condições brasileiras. O método escolhido utiliza como indicador a Matéria Orgânica do Solo (MOS), porém devido à ausência de dados em algumas regiões, podem ser utilizados valores de Carbono Orgânico do Solo (COS), componente essencial da MOS. Os valores para o COS no estado natural foram atribuídos segundo dados de literatura para o bioma Amazônia, os quais foram posteriormente adaptados para se obter o COS para os tipos de uso de solo considerados neste estudo, segundo a realidade brasileira. The intensive use of land areas cause changes in its quality, making it necessary to create methods for assessing and monitoring. The technique of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an important tool for the calculation of environmental impacts related to a product system with defined borders, and the Land Use category of impact assessed. In this LCA impacts are assessed from factors characterization using indicators that quantify the effects of changes in soil structure, taking into account the reality and the morphological characteristics of each country or region. This study aims to present adjustments related to the Brazilian model for characterizing impacts caused by land use, based on the calculation of characterization factors. In accordance with the literature of the LCA methods, two groups contribute to this category Biodiversity and Life Support Functions (FSV). In this study were discussed and evaluated different methods to calculate (FSV), from some criteria adopted, these were subjected to a comparative analysis, to the method of greatest relevance to Brazilian conditions. The method chosen to use as an indicator of Soil Organic Matter (SOM), but due to lack of data in some regions, can be used values of Soil Organic Carbon (COS) essential component of SOM. The values for COS in the natural state were assigned according to the literature data of the Amazon biome, which were adapted to obtain the COS for the types of land use considered in this study according to the Brazilian reality.

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Rauscher, Willem Johannes. "The technological knowledge used by technology education students in capability tasks." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09242009-224216.

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Wilkens, Rodrigo Souza. "A study of the use of natural language processing for conversational agents." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142158.

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linguagem é uma marca da humanidade e da consciência, sendo a conversação (ou diálogo) uma das maneiras de comunicacão mais fundamentais que aprendemos quando crianças. Por isso uma forma de fazer um computador mais atrativo para interação com usuários é usando linguagem natural. Dos sistemas com algum grau de capacidade de linguagem desenvolvidos, o chatterbot Eliza é, provavelmente, o primeiro sistema com foco em diálogo. Com o objetivo de tornar a interação mais interessante e útil para o usuário há outras aplicações alem de chatterbots, como agentes conversacionais. Estes agentes geralmente possuem, em algum grau, propriedades como: corpo (com estados cognitivos, incluindo crenças, desejos e intenções ou objetivos); incorporação interativa no mundo real ou virtual (incluindo percepções de eventos, comunicação, habilidade de manipular o mundo e comunicar com outros agentes); e comportamento similar ao humano (incluindo habilidades afetivas). Este tipo de agente tem sido chamado de diversos nomes como agentes animados ou agentes conversacionais incorporados. Um sistema de diálogo possui seis componentes básicos. (1) O componente de reconhecimento de fala que é responsável por traduzir a fala do usuário em texto. (2) O componente de entendimento de linguagem natural que produz uma representação semântica adequada para diálogos, normalmente utilizando gramáticas e ontologias. (3) O gerenciador de tarefa que escolhe os conceitos a serem expressos ao usuário. (4) O componente de geração de linguagem natural que define como expressar estes conceitos em palavras. (5) O gerenciador de diálogo controla a estrutura do diálogo. (6) O sintetizador de voz é responsável por traduzir a resposta do agente em fala. No entanto, não há consenso sobre os recursos necessários para desenvolver agentes conversacionais e a dificuldade envolvida nisso (especialmente em línguas com poucos recursos disponíveis). Este trabalho foca na influência dos componentes de linguagem natural (entendimento e gerência de diálogo) e analisa em especial o uso de sistemas de análise sintática (parser) como parte do desenvolvimento de agentes conversacionais com habilidades de linguagem mais flexível. Este trabalho analisa quais os recursos do analisador sintático contribuem para agentes conversacionais e aborda como os desenvolver, tendo como língua alvo o português (uma língua com poucos recursos disponíveis). Para isto, analisamos as abordagens de entendimento de linguagem natural e identificamos as abordagens de análise sintática que oferecem um bom desempenho. Baseados nesta análise, desenvolvemos um protótipo para avaliar o impacto do uso de analisador sintático em um agente conversacional. Language is a mark of humanity and conscience, with the conversation (or dialogue) as one of the most fundamental manners of communication that we learn as children. Therefore one way to make a computer more attractive for interaction with users is through the use of natural language. Among the systems with some degree of language capabilities developed, the Eliza chatterbot is probably the first with a focus on dialogue. In order to make the interaction more interesting and useful to the user there are other approaches besides chatterbots, like conversational agents. These agents generally have, to some degree, properties like: a body (with cognitive states, including beliefs, desires and intentions or objectives); an interactive incorporation in the real or virtual world (including perception of events, communication, ability to manipulate the world and communicate with others); and behavior similar to a human (including affective abilities). This type of agents has been called by several terms, including animated agents or embedded conversational agents (ECA). A dialogue system has six basic components. (1) The speech recognition component is responsible for translating the user’s speech into text. (2) The Natural Language Understanding component produces a semantic representation suitable for dialogues, usually using grammars and ontologies. (3) The Task Manager chooses the concepts to be expressed to the user. (4) The Natural Language Generation component defines how to express these concepts in words. (5) The dialog manager controls the structure of the dialogue. (6) The synthesizer is responsible for translating the agents answer into speech. However, there is no consensus about the necessary resources for developing conversational agents and the difficulties involved (especially in resource-poor languages). This work focuses on the influence of natural language components (dialogue understander and manager) and analyses, in particular the use of parsing systems as part of developing conversational agents with more flexible language capabilities. This work analyses what kind of parsing resources contributes to conversational agents and discusses how to develop them targeting Portuguese, which is a resource-poor language. To do so we analyze approaches to the understanding of natural language, and identify parsing approaches that offer good performance, based on which we develop a prototype to evaluate the impact of using a parser in a conversational agent.

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Enberg, Lisa. "Han, Hon, Hen : Hur kan attityderna till och användningen av hen förstås i det svenska språket och samhället?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69965.

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Two categories of sex are considered to not be enough and the use of a masculine pronoun in cases where gender is unknown is said to increase the gaps instead of bringing them together when it comes to gender equality. In 2015, the new word ze (in swedish: hen) was added to the Swedish Academic Glossary and since then the opinions regarding the linguistic change have gone apart. This study aims to provide in-depth knowledge of the gender neutral pronouns ze, the attitudes to and the use of the word in the Swedish language and society. Through a quantitative study with a survey as a method; 226 questionnaires were collected. Then they were analyzed based on the theoretical framework based on a sociolinguistic perspective and queertheory that focuses on normality and deviation. The results from the study show that more than half of the respondents have a positive attitude towards ze. It is primarily in writing that the gender neutral pronoun is used; almost half of the respondents state that they prefer the word in writing situations. Language usage in general affects a persons attitude to the word ze, the more linguistic change someone has accepted, the more likely it is that they start using a future one. The conclusion is that linguistic changes take time, but despite that, ze have been established in the Swedish language and society as a gender neutral pronoun but not as a third gender category.

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Le, Ngoc Luyen. "French language DRS parsing." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0202.

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Dans l’essor d’internet, les contenus générés par les utilisateurs à partir des services de réseaux sociaux deviennent une source géante d’informations qui peuvent être utile aux entreprises sur l’aspect où les utilisateurs sont considérés comme des clients ou des clients potentiels pour les entreprises. L’exploitation des textes générés par les utilisateurs peut aider à identifier leurs sentiments, leurs intentions, ou réduire l’effort des agents qui sont responsables de recueillir ou de recevoir des informations sur les services de réseaux sociaux. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, les contenues de textes tels que discours, énoncés, conversations issues de la communication interactive sur les plateformes de réseaux sociaux deviennent l’objet de données principales de notre étude. Nous approfondissons une analyse de structures et composants des phrases dans les textes sur la base de la Grammaire Catégoriel Combinatoire (GCC) et la théorie des représentations du discours. Nous proposons une méthode pour l’extraction d’un arbre de GCC à partir de l’arbre dépendante de la phrase, et une architecture générale pour construire un pont de relation entre les syntaxes et les sémantiques des phrases françaises. Par conséquent, notre étude obtient de la représentation de textes de la langue naturel sous une nouvelle forme de la logique du premier ordre ou la boîte de la structure des représentations du discours In the rise of the internet, user-generated content from social networking services is becoming a giant source of information that can be useful to businesses on the aspect where users are viewed as customers or potential customers for companies. Exploitation of user-generated texts can help identify their feelings, intentions, or reduce the effort of the agents who are responsible for collecting or receiving information on social networking services. As part of this thesis, the content of texts such as speeches, statements, conversations from interactive communication on social media platforms become the main data object of our study. We deepen an analysis of structures and components of sentences in texts on the basis of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) and the Discourse Representation Structure (DRS). We propose a method for extracting a CCG tree from the dependency structure of the sentence, and a general architecture to build a bridge of relationship between syntaxes and semantics of French sentences. As a result, our study achieves representations of natural language texts in a new form of first order logic or the box of DRS

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Chang, Jih-Wei, and 張日威. "Apply LDA with Topic Categories on Plurk and User Sentiment Analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33381126587496712883.

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碩士 國立雲林科技大學 資訊管理系 102 The Internet grew rapidly more than ever, people are used to transferring information by the Internet, however, some people like advertisers, enterprises or customers may be interested in these information, but it is the issue that how to digest a massive of information in the short time. Prior research is focus on the document summary, and in recent years the expand of the social networks, the document summary is no longer fit for it, especially in the microblog, typically each article is restricted in 140 words or less in the microblog, therefore people began to research on how to find the latent topic and user’s sentiment. In this research we use the most common microblog in Taiwan named Plurk as the dataset, via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to find out the related topics in each article, then combing sentiment analysis to classification the related topic in given polarity, so that the user can understand public’s preferences for the related topics quickly. After the experiment, in general case, most Plurk data are useless, but LDA can find meaningful topic if dataset contain clear issues, otherwise, the finding topic will be too vague, in addition LDA can categories the small text effectively, and the precision of sentiment classification is 60%.

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Sr-Kuei-Lyu and 呂世魁. "The Interface Design of MSN Messenger's user Defined Emoticons by Emotions categories." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51500895964649300086.

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碩士 國立交通大學 應用藝術研究所 96 Abstract This study aims to improve the emoticon interface of MSN messenger. Through the user observation and interview, the emoticon interface’s problems are defined. The classified emotions and simplified hierarchical levels are proposed to improve the emoticon interface. According to the analysis of MSN Messenger’s conversation record, there are 17 kinds of emotions discovered in the communication channel of MSN Messenger. Through Card sorting and Multi-Dimensional Scaling, these 17 kinds of emotions can be distribute into 6 genres. These emotion categories are listed as below: 1st: Vigor, Grateful, Admire, Delight, Lovely, Expect 2nd: Tired, No Choice, Sad, Lonely 3rd: Fear, Bored, Anxious. 4th: Anger, Disgust. 5th: Astonish. 6th: Shy. The 6genres/17kinds of emotions are applied on the simulated MSN Messenger’s emoticon interface, and then 100 user defined emoticons are selected and filled into this new interface. The evaluation of simulated interface shows better efficiency on usability. Keywords: MSN Messenger, Instant communication software, User Interface Design, Emotion, Emoticon.

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Mouzouridi, Stavri. "Το βιβλίο και τα παιδιά με νοητική υστέρηση". Thesis, 2010. http://eprints.rclis.org/14532/1/mouzouridi.pdf.

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Through this work, the definition of intelligence and its typeswas attempted, as well as the investigation of factors that affect it. It was described the way mental retardation influences the personʼs behavior, aiming at indicating the way a book can help persons with mental retardation form their personality and cope with the various everyday difficulties.

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Baker, Gavin R. "Appeals Under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act: Timing, Legal Assistance, and Requester Identities of Administrative Appeal Cases at Two Agencies." Thesis, 2015. http://eprints.rclis.org/25009/1/approved%20final%20thesis.pdf.

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This study examined administrative appeals under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) at two federal government agencies: the Department of the Army and the U.S. Forest Service. The study reviewed all provided case files for appeals received by the agencies in fiscal year 2012, which consisted of 105 appeals at the Army and 53 appeals at the Forest Service. The researcher coded each appeal with respect to the processing time of the initial request, whether a lawyer was involved in preparing the request or appeal, and the professional or situational identity of the requester (journalist, business, agency personnel, etc.). From initial request through initial decision, the median wait time was 31 calendar days at the Forest Service and 40 days at the Army. At both agencies, a person with legal expertise assisted with nearly one-third of appealed FOIA requests. Requests from agency personnel and their families constituted the largest group of the appeals filed at the Army, while at the Forest Service the largest group of appeals came from the "other" category of requesters, including members of the general public and unidentified requesters.

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Ren, Xiang. "Evaluating work zone strategies : matching rehabilitation categories with work strategies and evaluation of strategies for improving worker and user safety." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370129&T=F.

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Díaz, Souza Eddy. "Criterios metodológicos para la formulación de planes de fomento de la lectura desde la biblioteca pública." Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/10306/1/DiazSouza%2CEddy.CriteriosMetodologicosFomLect.pdf.

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The globalization has plotted the course of the humanity, towards the conformation of the society of the information and the knowledge. Nevertheless, the deficiencies in the matter of habits and reading understanding, combined to the changing Technologies of the Information and the Communication (TIC), deepen the inequalities between prosperous and developing countries and individuals of a same nation, which throws lamentable numbers of functional illiteracy, informational and technological. Before such situation, the public libraries, like institutions of social and cultural character, must contribute in the processes of rectification of these deficiencies, as well as to the formation and consolidation of the reading society. In this direction, the investigation assumes the compared study of an intentional sample of reading plans, designed by organisms and international, national and regional institutions of iberoamerican countries, with the purpose of presenting a set of methodologic criteria for the planning of promotion of the reading, that allows the active participation of the public library in the construction of the society of the shared knowledge.

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Mora, Redondo Nancy, Rojas Laura Moraga, Ríos Roset Murcia, Carmona Karol Porras, Herrera Wagner Quesada, and Sanchez Karla Solano. "El fomento de la lectura a nivel universitario: propuesta de un programa de alfabetización lectora para la Escuela de Estudios Generales de la Universidad de Costa Rica." Thesis, 2014. http://eprints.rclis.org/30096/1/Alfabetizacion%20lectora%20a%20nivel%20universitario.pdf.

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Final graduation submitted to the School of Library and Information Sciences at the University of Costa Rica, to qualify for the bachelor's degree in library and information science. A descriptive research was conducted to obtain a profile of readers of college freshmen characteristics. Based on the results a proposal for a program of reading literacy was developed for this population.

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Saurin-Parra, Julia. "Bibliotecas públicas y minorías culturales: métodos de intervención bibliotecaria para la comunidad gitana." Thesis, 2016. http://eprints.rclis.org/30832/1/TUZ_0890_saurin_bibliotecas.pdf.

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The main objective of this thesis is to develop some library intervention lines in relation to the Roma minority, analyzing different aspects as education, sociological matters, medical issues, etc. The specific objectives are: a) to review the existing library regulations and their suitability to minorities, especially gypsies; B) to observe the present function of the public library and especially its educational and social work; (c) to analyze and assess the different library services for the Roma minority in the European Union together with a range of library experiences in relation to minorities as a whole. The research process has been developed in three different stages of elaboration: first, around a theoretical foundation based on bibliographic searches. Secondly, an experimental work after consulting experts and institutions on the Roma minority alongside with the author's personal experience. At the same time, in comparing this information with that offered by the website of those libraries that are developing actuations with the Gypsy minority. Finally, in an analysis of results based on work parameters created for this purpose. Two types of results have been achieved: some practical ones which turn around a serie of guidelines (based on a multidisciplinary approach) and others of a formal nature, which act as tools in evaluating and organizing actions with minorities and whose final result is a set of tables that allow to collect all the specific information about the gypsy community, in order to analyze, compare and value any kind of library action with this group. The entire process has allowed us to conclude that as we live in a multicultural society, the public library must be able to reflect this reality and be able to cope with it. However, the current library regulations are very limited not only in relation to minorities as a whole but also in relation to the Roma minority in particular. On the other hand, the librarian initiatives seen in the European Union have been sporadic and isolated, and so, integral, systematic and holistic actions are needed from very different fields. At the national level, this group requires specific actions that can only be developed based on the knowledge and study of their own and particular characteristics as a community.

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"Characterizing Popularity Dynamics of User-generated Videos: A Category-based Study of YouTube." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-08-1163.

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Understanding the growth pattern of content popularity has become a subject of immense interest to Internet service providers, content makers and on-line advertisers. This understanding is also important for the sustainable development of content distribution systems. As an approach to comprehend the characteristics of this growth pattern, a significant amount of research has been done in analyzing the popularity growth patterns of YouTube videos. Unfortunately, no work has been done that intensively investigates the popularity patterns of YouTube videos based on video object category. In this thesis, an in-depth analysis of the popularity pattern of YouTube videos is performed, considering the categories of videos. Metadata and request patterns were collected by employing category-specific YouTube crawlers. The request patterns were observed for a period of five months. Results confirm that the time varying popularity of di fferent YouTube categories are conspicuously diff erent, in spite of having sets of categories with very similar viewing patterns. In particular, News and Sports exhibit similar growth curves, as do Music and Film. While for some categories views at early ages can be used to predict future popularity, for some others predicting future popularity is a challenging task and require more sophisticated techniques, e.g., time-series clustering. The outcomes of these analyses are instrumental towards designing a reliable workload generator, which can be further used to evaluate diff erent caching policies for YouTube and similar sites. In this thesis, workload generators for four of the YouTube categories are developed. Performance of these workload generators suggest that a complete category-specific workload generator can be developed using time-series clustering. Patterns of users' interaction with YouTube videos are also analyzed from a dataset collected in a local network. This shows the possible ways of improving the performance of Peer-to-Peer video distribution technique along with a new video recommendation method.

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Palà, Gemma. "Anàlisi de sèries infantils preescolars de Clan TVE: Dora La Exploradora, Peppa Pig i Pocoyó." Thesis, 2013. http://eprints.rclis.org/28355/1/TFG_GemmaPal%C3%A0.pdf.

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Hernández, Martínez José Luis. "Necesidades y búsqueda de información de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Bibliotecología modalidad presencial y a distancia en México." Thesis, 2016. http://eprints.rclis.org/34449/1/tesis%20final.pdf.

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Summary: In the Bibliotecologico field in current times, more and more lines are developing, Extensive research to be analyzed by the professional community of the Information, which focus on studying the issues that relate to the trinomial Library-user-information This, in order to provide answers to the Demanding demands from sources and resources that the user community has to serve. This work is not the exception since it was planned to conduct a study of users The same students in the discipline who study at any of the nine schools that They imparted the disciplines in librarianship, librarianship or information sciences In the country, with the intention of identifying the needs and behavior Students who attend the first and last year of studies, I mean, what are they looking for? How are you looking for him? Where are you looking for him? Among the questions asked, a Questionnaire with open and closed questions to be able to have the opinions of the Study population and thus have a current panorama of the race.

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Dürhammer, Agnes. "Kinder- und jugendliterarische Ankaufspolitik in öffentlichen Bibliotheken Österreichs." Thesis, 2006. http://eprints.rclis.org/7729/1/AC05370006.pdf.

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The goal of this thesis is to analyse the purchase of children's and young people's literature in public libraries in Austria, namely which sources librarians use for the selection of children's and young people's literature and which factors they take into consideration when selecting a book. The research methods have taken a combined approach that has included both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative data are collected by sending out an email-based questionnaire. First, the questionnaires are analysed, which then formed the basis for the guided interview. Afterwards, a guided interview with the librarians of the libraries in question was carried out to collect information about the purchase of children's and young people's literature. In conclusion, it was found that the purchase of children's and young people's literature is based mainly on assumed interests of the readers and not on pedagogical, literary, nor educational aspects. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that there is a link between the proportion of children’s and young people’s literature and the size of the library. It was found that mass media, for example radio and TV are seldomly used for selecting children’s and young people’s literature, while lists of recommendations, professional journals and recommendations on advanced training are often used as selection sources.

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Kern, Verena. "Bibliotheken in österreichischen Justizanstalten." Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/8165/1/AC06015083.pdf.

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Library work in prisons is regarded as social library work, which is viewed differently from country to country. This thesis is concerned with the status of prison libraries in Austria. The two aims of this thesis are firstly, to explore of prison library work in general and secondly, to create an overview on prison library work in Austria. Good-Practice examples are included in both parts of the thesis. The first part of the thesis develops a theoretical framework based on the IFLA recommendations for prison libraries and literature from the USA and Germany. In the first chapter, a short historical survey is given in order to illustrate the development of prison libraries over the years. Legal terms, especially where free information access according to the European Human Rights Convention is concerned, are analysed. As a result of a lack of Austrian literature a questionnaire is developed, the results of which provide recent information on the equipment of the libraries, the education of librarians and the reading behaviour of inmates. Resulting from the questionnaire it can be said that most of the Austrian prison libraries have been a consistent part of inmates’ leisure time for years and still are. Censorship is an issue, but it is restricted to materials that could endanger security in prison. All in all, prison libraries in Austria fulfil the duty of securing not only article 19 of the Human Rights Convention, but give inmates access to learning materials that can have positive influence on their time in and after prison.

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Laimer, Sabine. "Leseverhalten und Bibliotheksnutzung von hochbegabten Kindern : Eine Untersuchung anhand von Südtiroler Kindern mit besonderen sprachlichen Fähigkeiten." Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/10554/1/laimer.pdf.

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Gifted readers tend to have an outstanding reading competence. Accordingly, they show a great interest in books and read more (often) than their average peers. This thesis aims at identifying the reading interests of high ability readers. Additionally, there will be examined whether they follow their interest by using a library. If this is not the case, there will be shown how librarians can act in order to address this target group properly and how they can encourage these readers to become active library users. For this purpose concrete examples and advice will be given. First, a review of current literature is undertaken, in order to identify the state-of-the-art of the topic. The second part will address the results of qualitative interviews conducted with psychologists and gifted children. Psychologists have been questioned regarding ‚giftedness’. Furthermore they have been asked feedback on how to develop a survey on gifted children. The purpose of interviewing the children was to confirm what has been examined in the theoretical part about the reading of high ability readers and to answer the question whether these children are active users of the library. The main outcome of this thesis is that in fact there is a positive correlation between giftedness and reading, which means that high ability readers are inveterate readers and attach high value to reading. The findings suggest that no organised learning opportunity is more valuable than a library in the education of the gifted. By giving concrete examples, librarians are provided with recommendations on how to focus on this target group. Accordingly high ability readers themselves should benefit from the findings of this thesis.

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Muñoz, Alvarado Ma Daniela. "El agricultor de la mano con la información: experiencias y percepciones en la cultura de las necesidades de información de los agricultores participantes del proyecto Servicio de Información Agrícola de Tierra Blanca." Thesis, 2015. http://eprints.rclis.org/28169/1/Trabajo%20Final%20de%20Graduaci%C3%B3n%20-%20Daniela%20Mu%C3%B1oz%20%282015%29.pdf.

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Investigación teórica de índole cualitativa sobre la vivencia y experiencias de un grupo de agricultores de Tierra Blanca (Costa Rica), en torno a las necesidades de información en su ambiente agricultor.

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Mądro, Sylwia. "Wizerunek bibliotekarza w literaturze i filmie XX i XXI wieku." Thesis, 2012. http://eprints.rclis.org/24264/1/PRACA%20MGR%20-%20CA%C5%81O%C5%9A%C4%86.pdf.

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Håklev, Stian. "Mencerdaskan Bangsa : an inquiry into the phenomenon of Taman Bacaan in Indonesia." Thesis, 2008. http://eprints.rclis.org/12294/1/Mencerdaskan_Bangsa_-_Stian_Haklev.pdf.

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The thesis is originally written in English, and a full translated version in Indonesian is also available. Since 2001, a movement of individuals, neighbourhood and community organizations and NGOs starting and running their own libraries has emerged in Indonesia. Called Taman Bacaans (TBs) - reading gardens - these simple libraries, often hosted in somebody’s house, or in a community building, provide easy and informal access to books, as well as frequent literacy programming. This thesis traces the historical heritage of these TBs back to the early renting libraries of peranakan Chinese in the 19th century, through Balai Pustaka and the public library movement under Sukarno. The modern TB emerges in the 1980s, the government attempts a wide-scale implementation of TBs in the 1990s, and a community movement finally emerges in 2001. Using interviews with informants and newspaper articles, blogs, mailing lists, and NGO and government reports, I describe the process of how the TB movement emerges in Bandung and Yogyakarta. I also identify a number of factors that enabled and supported the movement: inspiring individual role-models, “best-case” libraries, networks and the roles of Islam and nationalism. Finally I provide an overview of the situation today, combining government statistics with the results of a survey conducted in Jakarta, and show that there are three kinds of TBs: those set-up by national, regional or local government (TBMs), those funded by large-scale donors, and independent TBs grounded in the local communities. I conclude with a number of recommendations for government and donors.

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Lewis, Andrew. "A user survey of the experiences of blind and visually impaired people using electronic information services, with regard to the practical implementation of these services in public libraries." Thesis, 2004. http://eprints.rclis.org/5584/1/2004-05-05_Andrew-lewis_MSc-Dissertation_SURVEY-BLIND-USERS-ELECTRONIC-SERVICES.pdf.

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The report outlines research with blind and partially sighted people using electronic information services in real-life situations, and specifically how their experiences might inform the planning of these services in UK public libraries. Based upon a full literature review, a survey was conducted of blind and partially sighted people who have some experience of using electronic information services, suitable for, but not restricted to use in, public libraries. The methodology outlines the creation of two electronic survey formats, designed to be accessible and usable for blind and visually impaired people, and the related issues of delivery for the study sample. The data collected is included, and a full analysis of the findings is presented. Correlation was found with other wider surveys in the specific fields of blind and visually impaired people, and electronic information services. The report concludes that the visually impaired and especially blind people surveyed feel that libraries are out of touch with their needs relating to electronic information services, that there is correlation between users’ personal preferences and the usability of services, and that diverse and varying services act as a barrier to use. Evidence was also found to support the idea that computer access technologies aimed at blind and visually impaired people may attract very little use in libraries, without significant investment in staff training. A case is made for greater investigation of remote access to electronic services that can be accessed by blind people with their own equipment. This is felt to have usability benefits such as users’ familiarity with their own systems, and the reduction of unnecessary travel. It was also concluded that there is a need for specific consultation with people who are blind, separate from those who are partially sighted, and early involvement of both groups in testing of new services.

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Tomaino, Valeria. "Biblioterapia : una propuesta innovadora en Mar del Plata para niños y adolescentes con cáncer." Thesis, 2008. http://eprints.rclis.org/18945/1/Tesis%20Valeria%20Tomaino.pdf.

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The present thesis develops the concept of bibliotherapy, their components and history. Highlights its importance as a resource to improve quality of life of children and adolescents with cancer assisted by Grupo de Extensión Universitaria PAANET. Detailed training on the Group volunteers, conducted with the objective of implementing the practice of bibliotherapy. Includes individual and collective conclusions address this possible implementation.

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Septiana, Ratri Indah. "Perkembangan perpustakaan berbasis komunitas : Studi kasus pada rumah cahaya, Melati taman baca dan Kedai baca Sanggar Barudak." Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/10557/1/Skripsi_Ratri_pdf.pdf.

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(The Growth of Community-based Library: a case study of Rumah Cahaya, Melati taman baca and Kedai baca Sanggar Barudak.) The title of this study is "The Growth of Community-based Library: a case study of Rumah Cahaya, Melati taman baca and Kedai baca Sanggar Barudak". This thesis is focused on the existence of community-based libraries that have developed more and more in the last five years, even though the government has already established public libraries for the people. The goal of this research is to describe the goals and reasons for setting up community-based libraries, including the background for setting them up, the function, values and norms which they are spreading in the community, and the obstacles that they have experienced. The kind of research used is descriptive research in the form of case studies, interviews and observation. A purposeful sample was determined, with 9 informants which were all the initiators of community libraries, volunteers and caretakers of community-based libraries, as well as users of community-based libraries. The research findings show that the existence of community-based libraries was caused by several factors, including disappointment towards the public libraries in terms of quantity and quality. The number of public libraries is not adequate for the number of inhabitants, the information needs of the community, and the quality of service is far from satisfactory. Apart from this factor, another factor which influences the development of community-based libraries is that they become a place to pursue the vision and mission of a certain community, so that there is teaching of values and norms in the library which is appropriate to the vision and mission of community in question. The development of community-based libraries today is quite a significant phenomenon, and this shows that the libraries are well received among the community. There are several positive effects shown both by the users and the volunteers in the library. Usually the obstacles or difficulties that the community-based libraries meet are the lack of money, human resources, and the difficulty of finding a strategic location for the library. The advice for community-based libraries is to work together with relevant government/city departments, as well as public libraries, increase the commitment of volunteers, and develop the libraries so that they can survive and increase the quality of the community through a program of development and empowerment of the community.

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Stefanek, Elisabeth. "Digital Divide : die Entwicklung eines Ablaufmodells zur Überwindung informationeller Ungleichheit." Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/10669/1/AC06412792.pdf.

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In a global context, social disparities are also noticeable in respect to the inequality of access and use of the information and communication technology (ICT). Many initiatives and dedicated projects aiming to close the gap between the “information rich” in the industrialized countries and the “information poor” in the so-called third world countries are implemented. However, most of these projects and programs face enormous difficulties in implementations and are far from reaching their objectives, to improve people’s life through ICT. The aim of the thesis is to determine factors, which lead to positive results of ICT projects and develop accordingly to these criteria a manual for effective and successful transaction of such projects in developing countries. First, a review of current literature is undertaken in order to identify critical factors for success of such projects. In a second step the identified main criteria of common models are put together in order to analyse four meaningful case studies. Finally, a scheme for a systematic approach for projects of information and technology transfer is developed. The results confirm the importance of human and social resources for the success of such projects. Furthermore, for the effective use of ICT it is essential that there is a need assessment beforehand to identify and meet the needs of the target group. Finally, it was shown that financial independence is crucial to the sustainability of the projects.

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Espen, Stranger-Johannessen. "Student Learning through a Rural Community Library: A case study from Uganda." Thesis, 2009. http://eprints.rclis.org/13127/1/Espen%27s_thesis_finished_1.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to explore and investigate the phenomenon of rural community libraries (RCLs) in Sub-Saharan Africa through an in-depth study of one such library located in Uganda. Specifically, it sets out to investigate the role of the RCL in relation to student learning. This is done by a thorough account of what the library offers, who the users are and what they do at the library. To approach the question of student learning through the library, the study includes two models on libraries‘ influence on student learning developed for a Western context. The methodology covers both quantitative and qualitative methods to produce rich and varied data, but the main emphasis is on the latter. In addition to traditional data collection techniques, the study includes a kind of improvised action research that contributed to the range of data collected. The library in question is above average in terms of materials and use, and its existence seems to increase the amount of reading, particularly the number of storybooks read by pupils. The secondary students, who are the focus of this study, mainly read their own notes, schoolbooks (pamphlets, textbooks and past papers) and to some extent fiction. This group does read more due to the library, it seems, especially schoolbooks, but the library‘s contribution to their learning beyond mere reading, such as study skills, use of reference works and co-operation, is somewhat limited. There are five conditions that work against the library having a full potential impact on student learning: the curriculum, the exams and the traditional way of teaching; lack of reading culture; lack of library tradition; limited resources; and the problems related to the language of instruction. Despite these limitations, by bringing books to a print-poor environment the library does make a difference.

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Abeiro, Marcela, Ana Bonomi, Sandra García-Rivadulla, and Natalia Olascoaga. "Alfabetización en información: ¿qué habilidades tienen los niños uruguayos?" Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/9884/1/alfin_uruguay.pdf.

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The society in which we live demands people able to use and evaluate information in different formats. Information literacy is now an essential requisite to become active citizens. It is crucial that this learning process begins in early stages of people’s development and continue through all their lives. The purpose of this research project was to assess what information skills Uruguayan children have, offering valuable insight on issues never studied before in Uruguay. A questionnaire was developed and applied to 250 children in 6th grade (11-12-year-old) in 7 public and 3 private schools (selected to represent different socioeconomic contexts) in Montevideo. This study was based primarily on the children point of view, but also explores librarians and teachers impressions, and it’s exploratory and descriptive in nature. Data analysis revealed that Uruguayan children have limited information skills and that there are significative differences between socioeconomic contexts. Teachers and school librarians who were interviewed had a lower assessment of children's skills than the children did of themselves. They also regarded the need to improve them as essential. It concludes with a reflection on the need to enhance these skills. Students, teachers and librarians´ understanding of the importance of information skills is fundamental for students having the lead of their own learning.

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