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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Urban techniques »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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1

S., Srnivas. « Language Teaching Techniques at Primary Level in Urban and Rural Areas ». International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no 5 (20 avril 2020) : 2435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201941.

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Lo, Hong K., et S. C. Wong. « Emerging Techniques for Urban Transportation Planning ». Journal of Urban Planning and Development 130, no 1 (mars 2004) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9488(2004)130:1(1).

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Al-Saaidy, Haider Jasim Essa. « Urban Morphological Studies (Concepts, Techniques, and Methods) ». Journal of Engineering 26, no 8 (1 août 2020) : 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.08.08.

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Urban morphological approach (concepts and practices) plays a significant role in forming our cities not only in terms of theoretical perspective but also in how to practice and experience the urban form structures over time. Urban morphology has been focused on studying the processes of formation and transformation of urban form based on its historical development. The main purpose of this study is to explore and describe the existing literature of this approach and thus aiming to summarize the most important studies that put into understanding the city form. In this regard, there were three schools of urban morphological studies, namely: the British, the Italian, and the French School. A reflective comparison between the three schools has been conducted in order to recognize the main critical points among them. Therefore, a theoretical framework is derived.
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Kelley, M. « Collaborative Digital Techniques and Urban Neighborhood Revitalization ». Social Work 56, no 2 (1 avril 2011) : 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/56.2.185.

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Allen, Julian, Michael Browne et Tom Cherrett. « Survey Techniques in Urban Freight Transport Studies ». Transport Reviews 32, no 3 (mai 2012) : 287–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2012.665949.

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Bielli, Maurizio, Giorgio Ambrosino, Marco Boero et Marco Mastretta. « Artificial intelligence techniques for urban traffic control ». Transportation Research Part A : General 25, no 5 (septembre 1991) : 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(91)90147-i.

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Bridges, Christopher A. « Applying Spatial Analysis Techniques to Assess Tennessee Urban Forests ». Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no 4 (1 novembre 2008) : 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.4.184.

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Abstract Although the social, economic, and ecological benefits of urban forests have been well-documented, fewer efforts have been made to conduct landscape level assessments of urban forest canopy. This technical note describes how spatial analysis techniques were used to evaluate urban forest canopy cover in 133 municipal urban areas across Tennessee. Municipalities were compared based on participation in the Tree City USA program. Although urban forests vary greatly, results indicated that cities participating in this community forestry initiative exhibit higher levels of urban forest canopy cover. The integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing data presents new opportunities for community foresters to efficiently and effectively monitor urban ecosystems and formulate appropriate policy responses that can help to ensure forest sustainability across the urban–rural interface.
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Jiang, Boyu. « Analysis of urban waterlogging causes and LID techniques ». Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 5 (7 juillet 2022) : 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v5i.749.

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Global climate has been changing a lot in the past decades. Also extreme weather is more frequent. It results that severe urban waterlogging events happened in more and more region around the world in resent years. It killed so much people and caused tremendous poverty damage on different countries. More attention was paid on causes of urban waterlogging by many researchers. Urban waterlogging is caused by two main factors, meteorological and geological factor and urbanization factors. This review firstly analyzes the factors caused urban waterlogging, which contains meteorological and geological factor and urbanization factor. For meteorological and geological factor, global climate change have been causing more extreme precipitation events. It becomes a great challenge for urban drainage system. Also, people ignored the state of underlying surface, river portion and water storage capacity in urbanization. Those factors caused surface infiltration reducing, runoff increasing and water storage capacity reduction. Therefore, it exacerbates urban waterlogging. In order to solve urban waterlogging, many researches figured out a variety of Low Impact Development techniques (LID). Those techniques were divided into two types: infiltration-based technique and retention-based technique. For the infiltration-based technique, it aims to help city recharging subsurface flow and groundwater. For the retention-based technique, it is an approach that retain rainwater to reduce outflow. Comparing to retention-based technique, infiltration-based technique requires more fund and combination of techniques, but it is more sustainable than retention-based technique. Moreover, the review believe the implementation of the combination with two techniques would solve urban waterlogging more effectively in future. However, there still are some challenges people need to overcome, which contains requirement of substantial funding and unknown costs of maintenance, lack of performance data, and lack of understanding and close cooperation. This review also expects to reduce loss and damage loss of urban waterlogging as far as possible and to achieve combination a variety of those techniques to solve urban waterlogging in future.
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Bakaeva, Natalia, Maria Suvorova, Roman Sheps et Alexandra Kormina. « Adaptation techniques of an urban planning due to climate change ». E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021) : 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305013.

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In this paper there is reviewed a concept of adaptation of an urban planning to the changing climate conditions. The statements of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN FCCC, which are actively discussed these days in conditions of new challenges, determine a necessity of applying scientifically reasoned approaches to the landscape development and city transformation considering the climate change in the urban environment. There are discussed statements of climate change adapted concept of the urban planning and are reviewed examples of urban solutions corresponding to these statements. The authors are convinced that problem solving of the climate change adapted urban planning requires an interdisciplinary approach, embracing multiple scientific directions such as ecological, urban, social, technical and technological. In this aspect the concept of adaptation the urban planning to volatile climate conditions represent a long-term strategy of the urban development, which is, first of all, requires a preparation of a roadmap and then decision making, which would conduce to forming a fully comfortable and safe urban environment.
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D. Dorathi Jayaseeli, J., D. Malathi, Sarvesh Karandikar, Aditi Singh et Gopika S. « Road Extraction using Connected Component Techniques ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, no 4.10 (2 octobre 2018) : 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.26126.

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Extraction of Roads, Rivers and other map objects is an important step in many military and civilian applications. In this process the information is extracted which possess high efficiency and accuracy and is fed into GIS (Geographical Information System). In this paper, we have explored different algorithms with better efficiency and accuracy. Road extraction can take place for two kinds of roads namely: urban and non-urban roads. Urban roads are more complex to analyze because of their architectural complexity, occlusions created by trees, heavy traffic and extensive network, whereas non-urban roads are easier to analyze because of less structural complexity. The proposed algorithm exploits the properties of road segments to develop customized operators to accurately derive the road segments. The customized operators include directional morphological enhancement, directional segmentation and thinning. The proposed algorithm is systematically evaluated on the basis of variety of images and compared with other algorithms (Canny, Sobel, Roberts, and Morphological Segmentation). The results demonstrate that the algorithm proposed is both accurate and efficient. The data and performance measures such as completeness and correctness are calculated together with other parameters which are Peak Signal to Noise ratio, Normalized Cross Correlation, Structural Content and a statistical analysis of the comparison is presented.
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Zoraghein, Hamidreza, et Stefan Leyk. « Estimating changes in urban land and urban population using refined areal interpolation techniques ». Proceedings of the ICA 1 (16 mai 2018) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-130-2018.

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The analysis of changes in urban land and population is important because the majority of future population growth will take place in urban areas. U.S. Census historically classifies urban land using population density and various land-use criteria. This study analyzes the reliability of census-defined urban lands for delineating the spatial distribution of urban population and estimating its changes over time. To overcome the problem of incompatible enumeration units between censuses, regular areal interpolation methods including Areal Weighting (AW) and Target Density Weighting (TDW), with and without spatial refinement, are implemented. The goal in this study is to estimate urban population in Massachusetts in 1990 and 2000 (source zones), within tract boundaries of the 2010 census (target zones), respectively, to create a consistent time series of comparable urban population estimates from 1990 to 2010. Spatial refinement is done using ancillary variables such as census-defined urban areas, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) as well as different combinations of them. The study results suggest that census-defined urban areas alone are not necessarily the most meaningful delineation of urban land. Instead, it appears that alternative combinations of the above-mentioned ancillary variables can better depict the spatial distribution of urban land, and thus make it possible to reduce the estimation error in transferring the urban population from source zones to target zones when running spatially-refined temporal areal interpolation.
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Szymanowski, M., et M. Kryza. « GIS-based techniques for urban heat island spatialization ». Climate Research 38 (10 février 2009) : 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00780.

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Osama, Manal, Morad Abdelkader et Ahmed khaled. « Water Efficiency Techniques in Urban Projects in Egypt ». Engineering Research Journal - Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra) 49, no 1 (1 juillet 2021) : 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2021.227526.

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van Dijk, E., J. van der Meulen, J. Kluck et J. H. M. Straatman. « Comparing modelling techniques for analysing urban pluvial flooding ». Water Science and Technology 69, no 2 (24 octobre 2013) : 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.699.

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Short peak rainfall intensities cause sewer systems to overflow leading to flooding of streets and houses. Due to climate change and densification of urban areas, this is expected to occur more often in the future. Hence, next to their minor (i.e. sewer) system, municipalities have to analyse their major (i.e. surface) system in order to anticipate urban flooding during extreme rainfall. Urban flood modelling techniques are powerful tools in both public and internal communications and transparently support design processes. To provide more insight into the (im)possibilities of different urban flood modelling techniques, simulation results have been compared for an extreme rainfall event. The results show that, although modelling software is tending to evolve towards coupled one-dimensional (1D)–two-dimensional (2D) simulation models, surface flow models, using an accurate digital elevation model, prove to be an easy and fast alternative to identify vulnerable locations in hilly and flat areas. In areas at the transition between hilly and flat, however, coupled 1D–2D simulation models give better results since catchments of major and minor systems can differ strongly in these areas. During the decision making process, surface flow models can provide a first insight that can be complemented with complex simulation models for critical locations.
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Acevedo, William, et Penny Masuoka. « Time-series animation techniques for visualizing urban growth ». Computers & ; Geosciences 23, no 4 (mai 1997) : 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(97)00006-x.

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Haack, Barry, David Craven et Susan McDonald Jampoler. « Processing techniques for mapping urban growth : Kathmandu, Nepal ». Geocarto International 12, no 1 (mars 1997) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049709354569.

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Curiel-Esparza, J., et J. Canto-Perello. « Selecting utilities placement techniques in urban underground engineering ». Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 13, no 2 (juin 2013) : 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2013.02.001.

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Gosling, David. « Techniques of analysis and communication in urban design ». Landscape and Urban Planning 26, no 1-4 (octobre 1993) : 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(93)90018-9.

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Stolfi, Daniel H., et Enrique Alba. « Generating realistic urban traffic flows with evolutionary techniques ». Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 75 (octobre 2018) : 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2018.07.009.

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Elshater, Abeer, et Hisham Abusaada. « Developing Process for Selecting Research Techniques in Urban Planning and Urban Design with a PRISMA-Compliant Review ». Social Sciences 11, no 10 (13 octobre 2022) : 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100471.

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Choosing the proper research methods can pose a challenge for novice urban planners and designers. This study aimed to develop a more effective process for assisting urban planners and designers in selecting appropriate research techniques. The study used bibliometrics, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and storytelling techniques as examples of urban planning and urban design research techniques. The results of this study provide techniques and procedures that can help urban planners and designers to conduct research reviews and follow the previous documented works published in the field. By utilizing suggested techniques and procedures, conclusive conclusions in urban planning and design research can be formed on the basis of compelling evidence. This study recommends developing a further innovative research methodology based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses by improving documentation and dissemination of research reviews.
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Torres, Haroldo Da Gama, et Eduardo Cesar Marques. « Reflexões sobre a hiperperiferia : novas e velhas faces da pobreza no entorno municipal ». Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no 4 (31 mai 2001) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2001n4p49.

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O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar os principais resultados analíticos de uma aplicação de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica ao planejamento urbano. O trabalho centra-se na apresentação de diversas cartografias exploratórias relacionadas a variáveis demográficas, de risco urbano e de acesso a políticas públicas. Os resultados apontam para a superposição, em determinados setores censitários do município, de condições de extrema pobreza e risco urbanos, indicando a presença de fortes efeitos cumulativos de riscos urbanos e precariedade socioeconômica. Essa cumulatividade parece ser mais grave do que a indicada pela literatura: identificamos uma periferia mais heterogênea do que se considera comumente, incluindo espaços bem servidos e inseridos na malha urbana, e outros cuja população está submetida a condições talvez mais adversas do que a das periferias das décadas passadas.Palavras-chave: espaço urbano; condições de vida; periferia; população e meio ambiente; risco ambiental; segregação socioespacial. Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the main analytical findings of the application of GIS techniques to urban planning in Mauá, São Paulo. The paper is centre on several types of exploratory cartography related to demography, urban risk and accessibility to public policies in the 1990s. In certain census sectors of the municipality, the results show a superimposition of extreme poverty and urban risk conditions, pointing to the existence of very strong cumulative effects of urban risk and precarious socio-economic conditions. This cumulative effect seems to be more important than that indicated by the academic literature: a much more heterogeneous urban periphery than is commonly considered was identified, including areas that are very well served and included in social and urban terms, as well as others in which the population is submitted to more adverse conditions than those that characterised the metropolitan peripheries of previous decades. Keywords: urban space; living conditions; urban periphery; population and environment environmental risk; socio-spatial segregation.
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Denis, Max, Samba Gaye, Lirane Mandjoupa, Dorian Davis, Justin An, Wagdy Mahmoud et lei wang. « Sound field reconstruction in urban environments : Application to enhance mapping of urban microspaces ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no 4 (octobre 2022) : A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015612.

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In this work, reconstruction techniques for the spatial interpolation and extrapolation of sound fields in urban environments are presented. Gaussian processes are generally used for sound field reconstruction from limitedly observations of isotropic acoustic fields. However, this model is often not applicable for the anisotropic urban environments including urban street canyons and enclosed spaces, when the complexity of the sound field is high in the mid-frequency regime, unless diffusely reflecting boundaries are assumed. Two different techniques are compared for reconstructing the sound field: the least-squared method and the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation method. Of particular interest is the reconstruction of the sound field with a minimal number of irregularly and arbitrarily distributed microphone measurements. Therefore, the techniques will not require knowledge of the microphone positions. A successive series approximation approach is presented to enhance the microscale prediction of the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation method. The sound field reconstruction results from limited urban environment observations for both methods are presented and discussed.
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Cerezo Ibarrondo, Alvaro. « La actuación sobre el medio urbano de regeneración y renovación integrada. El nuevo paradigma de la gestión urbanística en suelo urbanizado = The integrated regeneration and renovation in the urban intervention. The new paradigm of city planning management ». Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, no 130 (30 juin 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2020.130.4446.

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ResumenLa actuación sobre el medio urbano de regeneración y renovación integrada (aMU-RRi) configura el nuevo paradigma de la intervención urbana, la preservación urbana con carácter conjunto e integrado. Para ello redefine la viabilidad económica, afecta el deber de conservación del derecho de propiedad a la actuación y articula un modelo de equidistribución de reparto de costes que supera las pautas del urbanismo que hemos conocido.El presente artículo constituye un breve recorrido histórico por los instrumentos y técnicas que ha dispuesto el urbanismo español para la preservación urbana: desde inviable e insostenible modelo clásico del urbanismo, pasando por el modelo de la sostenibilidad que incorporó la sostenibilidad plena y el régimen estatutario del derecho de propiedad, pero que estableció un régimen general de intervención sobre el suelo urbanizado inviable y dejó un hueco falto de regulación para la preservación de la ciudad; para alcanzar la definición de la aMU-RRi con la legislación del modelo por la ciudad y sus adaptaciones autonómicas de medio urbano y que ayudará a la formación del nuevo paradigma urbanístico, basado en la función social del derecho de propiedad que nos hemos dado para la preservación urbana conjunta e integrada de eso que llamamos, la ciudad.AbstractThe integrated urban regeneration and renewal intervention (aMU-RRi) configures the new paradigm of urban intervention, with its joint and integrated character for urban preservation. To this end, it redefines the economic viability, affects the duty of preservation of the right of property and articulates a model of equistribution of distribution of costs that surpasses the urban planning guidelines that we have known.This paper constitutes a brief historical journey through the instruments and techniques that Spanish urban planning has provided for urban preservation: from an unviable and unsustainable classic urban planning model, through the sustainability model that it incorporated full sustainability and the statutory property rights regime, but that established an unviable general intervention regime in the existing city areas and also left a gap due to the lack of regulation for the preservation of the city; and finally up to the definition of the aMU-RRi with city preserving legislation and its regional adaptations and that will help the formation of the new urban paradigm, based on the social function of property rights that we have been given for the joint and integrated urban preservation of what we call, the city.
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Middya, Asif Iqbal, et Sarbani Roy. « Spatial Interpolation Techniques on Participatory Sensing Data ». ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems 7, no 3 (7 juin 2021) : 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457609.

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Spatial distributions of data of natural phenomena can be estimated by using different spatial interpolation techniques. These techniques can be used for the purpose of developing urban noise pollution monitoring applications, so they can truly describe the actual urban noise pollution scenario of any region of interest to make effective and informed decisions. In this context, our aim is to use IoT-cloud based framework to generate dynamic (i.e., changes in terms of time and space) noise maps as a service with the help of spatial interpolation techniques. Noise map generation is an effective method for visualizing and assessing urban noise pollution. In this article, we have proposed three spatial interpolation techniques (GLIDW, I-GLIDW, GLIDW-OK) that work on participatory sensing-based noise pollution data collected using smartphones as IoT devices to generate dynamic noise maps. Proposed techniques can address diverse scenarios such as sparse datasets , high accuracy , better response time , and so on. Depending on the situation, we can choose an appropriate technique. We evaluate our proposed methods based on a real-world urban noise pollution dataset collected by participants over a period of two years in an urban area of the city Kolkata. The results are compared with inverse distance weighting (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) methods. The method GLIDW is proposed for a dense dataset. The results validate that in the case of a dense dataset GLIDW dominates over other methods. But, when the data sparsity level is medium, I-GLIDW performs well. However, if the dataset is very sparse, then GLIDW-OK dominates in terms of predictive accuracy. The results also show that Relative Improvement (RI) of I-GLIDW and GLIDW-OK is always positive compared to baseline methods IDW and OK.
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Li, Yanxia, Chao Wang, Sijie Zhu, Junyan Yang, Shen Wei, Xinkai Zhang et Xing Shi. « A Comparison of Various Bottom-Up Urban Energy Simulation Methods Using a Case Study in Hangzhou, China ». Energies 13, no 18 (14 septembre 2020) : 4781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184781.

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Urban energy simulation can provide valuable information to urban planning, urban energy management, and urban emission reduction. Therefore, urban energy simulation has become an active research discipline. Various urban energy simulation methods and techniques have been developed and applied to cities on different scales. A review is conducted to categorize these methods and techniques and to analyze their pros and cons. Several representative methods and techniques are compared for their data inputs, suitable scales, accuracy, and computing speeds. Hangzhou South Railway Station area, which contains 522 buildings, is used as the case to evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of different urban energy simulation methods.
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Davis, Dorian, Samba Gaye, Lirane Mandjoupa, Justin An, Wagdy Mahmoud, Lei Wang et Max Denis. « Locating impulsive sound sources in microscale urban spaces ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no 4 (octobre 2022) : A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015529.

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In this work, techniques for localizing impulsive acoustic sources in an urban environment are presented. Of particular interest is the localization of sources in urban street canyons and enclosed urban areas. Sound propagation in an urban environment is strongly influenced by multiple reflections. In urban street canyons, multiple reflections tend to amplify with decreasing canyon width. A numerical investigation is performed to study the role multiple reflections on time difference of arrival (TDOA) and beamforming source localization techniques. Results of various urban street canyon and enclosed space geometries are investigated. The results and limitations of the TDOA and beamforming techniques for estimating source position in urban environments are discussed.
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Forsyth, Ann. « The Urban Design Handbook : Techniques and Working Methods(2nd ed.), by Urban Design Associates ». Journal of the American Planning Association 80, no 4 (2 octobre 2014) : 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2014.998135.

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Perona Alonso, María. « Integración de los servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación urbana : los ríos urbanos ». Territorios en formación, no 12 (19 décembre 2017) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2017.12.3649.

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ResumenEsta investigación parte de la necesidad de poner el foco en los servicios que los ecosistemas pueden llegar a ofrecer en las áreas urbanas tomando en este caso, a los ríos como elemento clave en la planificación urbana. Desde este enfoque, se propone un análisis general de la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los ciudadanos, a través de las estrategias y técnicas de gestión de los entornos fluviales urbanos, los servicios ecosistémicos y el bienestar humano. Asimilando de este modo conceptos propios de la ecología y el urbanismo, y traduciéndolos a un lenguaje común y simplificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la integración es la hoja de ruta a seguir en el camino hacia la ciudad habitable. Palabras clave Servicios ecosistémicos, ecosistema urbano, río urbano, estrategia hidráulica, estrategia ambiental, bienestar humanoAbstractThis part of the investigation of the need to focus on the services that ecosystems can reach urban areas, taking in this case urban rivers as an important element in urban planning. From this approach, a general analysis of the relationship between the river, the city and the citizens is proposed, through the strategies and techniques of management of urban river environments, ecosystem services and human welfare. Assimilating, in this way, concepts proper to Ecology and Urbanism, and translating them into a common and simplified language. The results obtained from the integration of the road map to follow on the way to the habitable city. KeywordsEcosystem services, urban ecosystem, urban river, hydraulic strategy, environmental strategy, human welfare
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Magalhães, Ivo Augusto Lopes, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Junior et Alexandre Rosa dos Santos. « ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE TÉCNICAS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PARA MENSURAÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO URBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ALEGRE, ES ». Revista Cerrados 15, no 01 (17 mars 2020) : 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v15n12017p156a177.

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Objetivou-se com este estudo, comparar os resultados obtidos por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto orbital, no intuito de mensurar a vegetação arbórea no município de Alegre, ES. Utilizou-se uma imagem de alta resolução espacial do satélite GeoEye-1 e determinou-se a fotointerpretação da vegetação como técnica modelo a ser comparada perante os índices de vegetação NDVI, SAVI e classificadores de imagens por Distância Euclidiana e Isoseg. Os Índices de Vegetação e os classificadores foram fatiados em três classes; vegetação urbana, pastagem e áreas urbanas. Por meio da fotointerpretação a vegetação urbana foi mensurada em 68 ha. Já por meio do índice de vegetação SAVI com fator de ajuste L 0,25 obteve 66,46 ha, correspondendo a 11,73% do perímetro urbano, entretanto, o índice NDVI subestimou a vegetação urbana em 19,13 ha quando comparado à área mapeada com o SAVI 0,25. Para a região em estudo o índice SAVI com fator de ajuste ao solo 0,25 e o classificador Isoseg podem ser usados para substituir a fotointerpretação, pois apresentaram áreas de vegetação urbana mensurada com valores aproximados, além de serem menos onerosos para obtenção do mapeamento da vegetação. Palavras-chave: Geoprocessamento; fotointerpretação; mapeamento urbano. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN TECHNIQUES OF REMOTE SENSING IN MEASUREMENT OF VEGETATION URBAN IN MUNICIPALITY OF ALEGRE, ES Abstract The objective of the study was to compare the results obtained by means of orbital remote sensing techniques, in order to measure the arboreal vegetation in municipality of Alegre, ES. A high spatial resolution image of the GeoEye-1 satellite was used and the vegetation photointerpretation was determined as a model technique to be compared to NDVI, SAVI vegetation indexes and Euclidian Distance and Isoseg image classifiers.The Vegetation Indexes and the classifiers were sliced ​​into three classes; Urban vegetation, pasture and urban areas. Through the photointerpretation the urban vegetation was measured in 68 ha. However, the SAVI vegetation index with adjustment factor L 0.25 obtained 66.46 ha, corresponding to 11.73% of the urban perimeter, however, the NDVI index underestimated the urban vegetation by 19.13 ha when compared to the area Mapped with SAVI 0.25. For the study area, the SAVI index with soil adjustment factor 0.25 and the Isoseg classifier can be used to replace the photointerpretation, since they presented areas of urban vegetation measured with approximate values, besides being less expensive to obtain the mapping of the vegetation. Keywords: Geoprocessing; photointerpretation; urban mapping. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO ENTRE LAS TÉCNICAS DE TELEDETECCIÓN PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE LA VEGETACIÓN EN URBAN ALEGRE, ES Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados obtenidos por medio de técnicas de teledetección con el fin de medir la vegetación arbórea en la ciudad de Alegre, ES. Se utilizó una imagen de alta resolución espacial GeoEye-1 vía satélite y determinó la fotointerpretación de técnica de modelado de la vegetación que se compara con las imágenes de NDVI, SAVI y clasificadores de distancia euclídea y Isoseg. El índice de vegetación y clasificadores se cortaron en tres clases; la vegetación urbana, pastos y áreas urbanas. A través de la interpretación de fotografías vegetación urbana se midió en 68 ha. Ya través del índice de vegetación SAVI con factor de ajuste L obtenido 66,46 0,25 ha, que corresponde al 11,73% de la zona urbana, sin embargo, el índice NDVI subestimar la vegetación urbana en 19.13 ha, frente a la zona mapeada con el SAVI 0,25. Para la región en estudio el factor de ajuste del índice suelo SAVI 0,25 y clasificador Isoseg se pueden utilizar para reemplazar la interpretación de fotografías, como áreas presentados de la vegetación urbana medidos con valores aproximados, y son menos costosos de obtener el mapeo la vegetación. Palavras clave: Geoprocesamiento; fotointerpretación; la cartografía urbana.
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Gandhi, S. Indhira, et Dr V. Madha Suresh. « Prediction of Urban Sprawl in Hyderabad City using Spatial Model, Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques ». International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no 2 (1 juin 2012) : 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jul2012/25.

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Hardy, C. H., et A. L. Nel. « Data and techniques for studying the urban heat island effect in Johannesburg ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (28 avril 2015) : 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-203-2015.

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The city of Johannesburg contains over 10 million trees and is often referred to as an urban forest. The intra-urban spatial variability of the levels of vegetation across Johannesburg’s residential regions has an influence on the urban heat island effect within the city. Residential areas with high levels of vegetation benefit from cooling due to evapo-transpirative processes and thus exhibit weaker heat island effects; while their impoverished counterparts are not so fortunate. The urban heat island effect describes a phenomenon where some urban areas exhibit temperatures that are warmer than that of surrounding areas. The factors influencing the urban heat island effect include the high density of people and buildings and low levels of vegetative cover within populated urban areas. This paper describes the remote sensing data sets and the processing techniques employed to study the heat island effect within Johannesburg. In particular we consider the use of multi-sensorial multi-temporal remote sensing data towards a predictive model, based on the analysis of influencing factors.
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Kim, Bo Ram, Chan Hee Lee et Ou Bae Sim. « A Study on Urban Planning Flood Management Techniques Connected to Flood Risk : The Urban Regeneration Projects around Rivers ». Crisis and Emergency Management : Theory and Praxis 18, no 2 (28 février 2022) : 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.2.49.

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Since the urban regeneration project area is a declining city, it is very vulnerable to disasters. However, they do not take disaster seriously when planning or promoting the urban regeneration project. In this study, a technique that can be used as a reference for urban regeneration projects was developed with a focus on floods that occur frequently in Korea. Through research, 25 urban planning flood management techniques were developed by reflecting the characteristics of urban regeneration projects around rivers. In addition, the techniques were applied to the Usan-dong urban regeneration project and seven complementary points (creation of buffer zones around rivers, trench installations on roads, etc.) were derived. These techniques can be applied to urban regeneration projects near rivers and will be helpful in developing cities that are safe from flooding.
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Abdel-Moneim, Nancy M., et Ahmed I. El Seddawy. « Towards a Better Urban Design in Respect to Environmental Behavior Using Knowledge Discovery ». Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no 3 (30 juin 2021) : 619–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.50.

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Urbanization growth is creeping, and the number of cities will increase each day more than before. Predictions say that approximately 70% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. Hence, new approaches must be considered while designing/upgrading/enhancing urban places. This article describes a new theoretical model to enhance the urban design process through Knowledge Discovery techniques based on Artificial Intelligence, data mining, machine learning, 5G, and Micro-World. The research findings enable assessing the whole process of Urban Design phases by proposing new techniques using the Knowledge Discovery by combining the traditional research methods used frequently in the Urban Design Process with the Knowledge Discovery Techniques. Through reviewing and analyzing the urban design and its relation to urban behavior, the authors deduct the correlations between the urban design process and the knowledge discovery techniques that can build solutions based on objective output, not only the traditional subjective ones. The new research results explain the exact application relevant to each step in the urban design process. Also, the research will supplement and improve urban studies to understand the profound relationship between Urban Environmental Psychology and Artificial Intelligence. It can serve the urban designers and planners by using the knowledge discovery to enhance urban practice by providing a more comprehensive range of solutions.
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Deidda, M., et G. Sanna. « INTEGRATION OF GEOMATIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE URBAN CAVITY SURVEY ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W1 (30 juillet 2013) : 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w1-91-2013.

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Akiyama, Takamasa, et Masayuki Katagiri. « Evaluation Techniques of Urban Expressway Networks through Colour Image ». INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 12 (1995) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.12.77.

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Azzout, Y., S. Barraud, F. N. Cres et E. Alfakih. « Decision aids for alternative techniques in urban storm management ». Water Science and Technology 32, no 1 (1 juillet 1995) : 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0011.

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The choice of alternative techniques in urban stormwater drainage (infiltration and detention systems), in the course of a project, is most often made with a poor understanding of site constraints, and the possibilities afforded by these techniques. This gives rise to extra costs and also subsequent malfunctioning. To arrive at feasible choices, we have formalised the decision-making process, taking account of the multiple criteria and the large number of partners involved. At present, we are developing a decision-making tool for alternative techniques in urban stormwater management at the preliminary study stage. The first phase makes it possible to eliminate solutions which are unworkable (elimination phase). It is aimed at the designer. Work on the next phase (the decision-making phase), which is more complex, is in progress. It will make it possible, in collaboration with all the partners involved, to choose a stormwater drainage strategy which will best suit the objectives and the wishes of the partners. It uses multi-criteria methods.
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Fasolino, Isidoro, et Michele Grimaldi. « The urban planning efficiency of settlements. Techniques and actions ». ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no 127 (juin 2020) : 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2020-127-s1001.

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PADMANABHAMURTY, B., et RN GUPTA. « An urban diffusion model for Delhi using computer techniques ». MAUSAM 37, no 1 (1 janvier 1986) : 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v37i1.2152.

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A source oriented urban diffusion model for Delhi with area, elevated point and moving sources, based on the model developed by Hanna is utilised in obtaining spatial and temporal variations of SO2 concentrations, Average and maximum concentrations computed by the model fairly agreed with the monitored values.
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MURAYAMA, AKITO, HIDEKI KOIZUMI et JUNICHIRO OKATA. « Techniques of Leading Spatial Solution in Urban Spatial Planning ». Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 38 (2003) : 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/cpij1.38.0.139.0.

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Murayama, Akito, Hideki Koizumi et Junichiro Okata. « Techniques of Leading Spatial Solution in Urban Spatial Planning ». Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 38.3 (2003) : 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.38.3.829.

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Mohamed El-Sayed Embaby. « Assessing urban sprawl by remote sensing and GIS techniques ». Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no 3 (30 juin 2021) : 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.3.0088.

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In the context of mega sustainable urban development projects, this research was commenced with the impartial of assessing urban sprawl (i.e., land use versus land cover variations) during 2000-2016 by remote sensing and GIS techniques, where GCR “Greater Cairo Region” was taken as a case study. Primarily, literature in the field of remote sensing and GIS technologies were assembled and scrutinized. In addition, data regarding build zones, agricultural areas and bare soil regions so as water were assembled from different resources (i.e., Ministry of Agriculture). Remote sensing and GIS techniques were implemented. Results were obtained and analyzed. Finally, conclusions were deduced and recommendations were suggested. The research flagged-out that the GCR designated a drastic agriculture land loss of 10%. In addition, the research confirmed that built-up areas increased by 10% during 2000-2016. On the other hand, the results indicated that Giza and Qalyubia Governorates recorded the largest agriculture land loss by 8.72 and 7.88%, respectively, which is equivalent to 47 and 77 km2, respectively. The research prioritized the importance of defining the most affected zones within Giza and Qalyubia Governorates by correlating GIS data versus governmental files, where a difference of 50% was designated. The research portrayed the priority of modifying the government assessment approach in order to control urban sprawl.
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Satashia, Avinash. « Study of Urban Land Management Techniques Followed in India ». International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 03, no 09 (15 septembre 2014) : 16037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijirset.2014.0309037.

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Sen, Dipankar, Al Tauriac, Ron Tarabetz, Rob vandenberg, Devin Mody, Keiron Nawbatt, Jae Abel et K. McKenzie. « Development Of Simple Stream Rehabilitation Techniques for Urban Watersheds ». Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no 16 (1 janvier 2008) : 915–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788735060.

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Kim, Oh Seok. « Identifying Urban Areas using Time-Series Remote Sensing Techniques ». Korean Cartographic Association 14, no 2 (30 août 2014) : 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.16879/jkca.2014.14.2.119.

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Odins, Joe. « Guest Editorial : Geophysical Techniques in Urban and Industrial Environments ». Exploration Geophysics 23, no 4 (septembre 1992) : 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg992529.

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Baldauf, Matthias, Peter Fröhlich, Kathrin Masuch et Thomas Grechenig. « Comparing viewing and filtering techniques for mobile urban exploration ». Journal of Location Based Services 5, no 1 (4 janvier 2011) : 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2010.541161.

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Özkan, C., et F. Sunar Erbek. « Comparing feature extraction techniques for urban land‐use classification ». International Journal of Remote Sensing 26, no 4 (février 2005) : 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160512331316793.

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Bottema, Marcel, et Patrice G. Mestayer. « Urban roughness mapping – validation techniques and some first results ». Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 74-76 (avril 1998) : 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(98)00014-2.

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Jelili, Musibau. « Application of quantitative techniques in urban and regional studies ». Quality & ; Quantity 48, no 6 (7 novembre 2013) : 3209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9951-0.

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Zacharias, John. « Urban design reclaimed : Tools, techniques, and strategies for planners ». URBAN DESIGN International 15, no 4 (26 octobre 2010) : 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/udi.2010.12.

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