Thèses : « Urban public action »

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Almirall, Catherine. « Collective action for public goods provision in low-income groups : a model and evidence from Peru ». Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117539.

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¿Bajo qué circunstancias aparece la acción colectiva? ¿Cuáles son los factores que le dan mayoresposibilidades de éxito? ¿En qué medida las comunidades pobres tienen capacidad para organizarsecon el objetivo de mejorar sus condiciones de vida? Estas preguntas no son nuevas y se hanhecho muchas investigaciones, pero usualmente para el mundo rural. La investigación sobre laacción colectiva en el mundo urbano parece estar más desarrollada en la ciencia política que en laeconomía. La pregunta fundamental se mantiene: ¿cómo se producen y se mantienen los bienespúblicos en comunidades urbanas pobres?Este artículo presenta un conjunto de hipótesis sobre los determinantes de la acción colectiva. La accióncolectiva en barrios urbanos pobres enfrentan tres restricciones básicas: el problema olsoniano,el problema de Maslow y el problema de la exclusión. La parte empírica del artículo utiliza datosrecolectados en barrios marginales de Lima, Perú, en seis tipos de organizaciones comunales. -- Under what circumstances does collective action arise? What contributes to the likelihood that aparticular collective initiative will succeed? To what extent are poor communities capable of organizingthemselves to improve their quality of life? These questions are not new, and economic researchershave studied a number of models in rural settings. Yet the research on collective action in urban areasseems to be more in the political sciences, and an economic model is still lacking. The fundamentalquestion remains: How are public goods produced and maintained by poor urban communities?This paper presents a set of hypotheses on collective action determinants. Collective action in poorneighborhoods faces three key barriers to success: the Olsonian free-rider problem, the Maslowianproblem, and the exclusion problem. The empirical portion of this paper uses data collected inpoor urban and peri-urban areas of Lima, Peru, in six types of community organizations.

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Breyer, Merle. « Owning by doing : In Search of the Urban Commons ». Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149736.

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In cities we generally distinguish between public and private space. This thesis tackles the distinction between public and private property and searches for the urban commons where property is determined by collective action and thus creates a greater spatial justice. A case study analyzes the Urban Garden Project “Trädgård på spåret” in Stockholm and shows how unconventional arrangements can generate a lively place in the urban fabric. The final discussion interprets the concept of urban commons and contemplates its classification within the planning discipline.
I städer skiljer vi generellt mellan offentligt och privat utrymme. Denna avhandlingförsöker att nyansera den enkla distinktionen mellan offentlig och privat mark ochgår på jakt efter de urbana allmänningar (urban commons) vilkas ägande bestämsav kollektivism och som skapar spatiell rättvisa (spatial justice). En fallstudieanalyserar Urban Garden-projektet «Trädgård på Spåret» i Stockholm och visarhur okonventionella arrangemang har gett upphov till en livlig plats, som går långtutöver trädgårdens traditionella gränser. I den avslutande diskussionen tolkar vibegreppet urbana allmänningar och betraktar dess placering i planeringsämnet.
In Städten unterscheiden wir generell zwischen öffentlichem und privatem Raum.Diese Thesis versucht die simple Unterscheidung zwischen öffentlichem undprivatem Grundeigentum aufzubrechen und begibt sich auf die Suche nach der‚urbanen Allmende’ (urban commons) in der Eigentum durch Kollektivismus bestimmtwird und somit räumliche Gerechtigkeit (spatial justice) schafft. Eine Fallstudieanalysiert das urbane Gartenprojekt „Trädgård på spåret“ in Stockholm und zeigtauf wie durch unkonventionelle Regelungen ein lebhafter Ort entstanden ist, dersich in die Stadt verwurzelt hat und weit über die Grenzen des Gärtners hinausgeht.In der abschließenden Diskussion wird der Begriff der urbanen Allmendeinterpretiert und dessen Einordnung in die Planungsdisziplin betrachtet.
Urban Form and Social Behavior

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Fernández, Mendoza Joan Manuel. « Environmental optimization of the public space of cities Action on urban pavements and elements to support sustainable mobility ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283543.

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El planeamiento urbano empieza a estar fuertemente focalizado en la provisión de redes adecuadas de infraestructuras que estimulen el desarrollo de una movilidad sostenible. Sin embargo, la integración de criterios ambientales en el diseño y gestión de las infraestructuras necesarias para el sustento de la movilidad urbana es mínima. Teniendo en cuenta la enorme extensión y la creciente inversión global en el despliegue de nuevas infraestructuras urbanas para el sustento de la movilidad sostenible, la carga ambiental aportada al espacio público de las ciudades puede ser significativa. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la caracterización del comportamiento ambiental del ciclo de vida de diseños convencionales de aceras de hormigón, asfalto y granito e instalaciones para la recarga de vehículos eléctricos de dos ruedas. Las aceras son pavimentos urbanos básicos implementados para el sustento de la actividad peatonal y ciclista como los modos de movilidad urbana más limpios. A su vez, las aceras son la matriz sobre la cual se distribuye un abanico diverso de elementos urbanos relacionados con el soporte de la movilidad sostenible. Las instalaciones para la recarga de vehículos eléctricos son un elemento urbano que se está implementando masivamente en las ciudades para promover la electrificación del parque de vehículos urbanos como una estrategia prometedora para reducir significativamente el consumo de petróleo y las emisiones contaminantes de la movilidad motorizada. A través de la aplicación de la metodología de Análisis del Ciclo de Vida se identifican los diseños ambientalmente más óptimos para reducir la carga ambiental aportada al espacio público y contribuir a incrementar el valor ambiental de promover la movilidad sostenible en las ciudades. Asimismo, la tesis busca identificar soluciones para mejorar el comportamiento ambiental de aquellos elementos que presentan un alto impacto con el fin de incrementar las ventajas ambientales alcanzadas en la escala urbana. Por un lado, se analiza desde una perspectiva de Ecología Industrial el potencial de producción limpia de losas de granito utilizadas en construcción. Por otro lado, se aplican principios de ecodiseño en la conceptualización de una eco-pergola (mobiliario urbano) que puede contribuir a sustentar una movilidad urbana multimodal (peatonal y bicicleta eléctrica). Como resultado del desarrollo de la tesis doctoral, se proveen inventarios completos y desagregados de los recursos movilizados (energía, agua y materiales) e impactos ambientales asociados a cada elemento objeto de estudio, se identifican puntos críticos y se definen una serie de criterios y buenas prácticas para la toma de decisiones que conlleven a optimizar el comportamiento del espacio público de las ciudades.
Urban planning starts to be heavily focused on the provision of adequate networks of urban infrastructures to stimulate a shift towards sustainable mobility in order to alleviate resource consumption and environmental impacts in cities. Nevertheless, the integration of life cycle environmental criteria in the design and management of the urban infrastructures required to support sustainable mobility is usually missing. Given the vast span and increasing global investment in the deployment of new infrastructure, the environmental burden imposed to the urban public space can be significant. This dissertation concentrates on the characterization of the life-cycle environmental performance of conventional designs of (concrete, asphalt and granite) sidewalks and charging facilities for electric vehicles (two-wheelers). Sidewalks are basic urban pavements implemented to support walking and cycling as the cleanest modes of urban mobility. Sidewalks also represent the matrix for the layout of different urban elements required to support sustainable mobility. Charging facilities for electric vehicles represent one urban element being heavily implemented in cities to encourage the electricification of the urban vehicle fleet as a promising strategy to cut oil consumption and pollutant emissions from motorized mobility. Life Cycle Assessment is applied in order to identify the most environmentally-friendly solutions and best practices to minimize the environmental burden imposed to the urban public space, thereby increasing the value of greening urban mobility. The dissertation also looks for solutions to improve the environmental performance of those product systems with high environmental footprint in order to achieve major environmental improvements at the urban scale. On the one hand, the potential for cleaner industrial production of granite tiles used in construction is analyzed from an Industrial Ecology approach (technological improvement, rainwater harvesting and by-product synergies). On the other hand, ecodesign principles are applied in the conceptualization of an eco-pergola (street furniture) that can contribute to support multimodal (pedestrian and e-bike) mobility. As a result, this dissertation provides complete and disaggregated inventory data of the mobilized resources (energy, water, materials) and environmental impacts of the life cycle of each product system, identifies the most relevant hot-spots for environmental improvement and defines a set of criteria and best-practices for sustainability-based decision-making to minimize the environmental burden of the urban public space.

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Bissou, William II Paulin. « Approche par les instruments de l’action publique au Cameroun : le cas de la planification urbaine des villes de Douala et Yaoundé ». Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMD003.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur les instruments d’action publique de planification urbaine dans les villes de Douala et Yaoundé. Elle s’inscrit dans la dynamique des recherches sur le politique en Afrique. Elle interroge la trajectoire de l’Etat à travers son déploiement dans un domaine concret de politique publique qui est la planification urbaine.Deux cadres géographiques ont été mobilisés pour mener cette étude à savoir Douala la capitale économique du pays et Yaoundé la capitale politique.46 entretiens, le recueil des documents d’archives et de travail, ainsi que l’observation non participante ont servi à construire une analyse de sociologie politique reposant sur les rapports gouvernants/gouvernés. Les principaux résultats de l’étude montrent une forme de réappropriation des instruments d’action publique et une contextualisation de la planification urbaine influencées par les dynamiques propres à chaque territoire. L’élaboration des instruments d’action publique ainsi que leur mobilisation dans le cadre de la planification évoluent en fonction de la nature de l’Etat. Cette approche par les instruments permet d’avoir une vue globale sur le secteur de l’urbanisme et les politiques de développement élaborées par le Cameroun depuis l’époque coloniale jusque nos jours. Cette politique de planification urbaine qui émerge dans le contexte colonial se veut d’abord territoriale avant de se sectoriser avec la mise en place des plans FIDES. L’Etat post-indépendant va hériter de cette orientation sectorielle. Face aux difficultés récurrentes et au vu des défis contemporains de la gouvernance urbaine, la tendance est désormais à une (re)territorialisation de cette action publique
This Phd thesis focuses on public policy instruments for urban planning in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. It is part of the dynamics of political research in Africa. It questions the trajectory of the state through its deployment in a concrete area of public policy, which is urban planning.Two geographical locations were mobilized to carry out this study, namely Douala the economic capital of the country and Yaounde the political capital.46 interviews, the collection of archival and working documents, as well as the non-participant observation were used to build an analysis of the political sociology based on the relations between the rulers and the ruled. The main results of the study concern a form of reappropriation of public action instruments and a contextualization of urban planning based on the specific realities of each territory. The development of public policy instruments as well as their mobilization within the framework of planning evolves according to the nature of the state. This instrument-based approach provides a comprehensive view of the urban planning sector and the development policies developed by Cameroon from the colonial era till date. This urban planning policy, which emerges in the colonial context, is primarily a territorial before becoming sectored policy with the establishment of the FIDES plans. The post-independent state will inherit this sector orientation. Faced with recurrent difficulties and considering the contemporary challenges of urban governance, the trend is now towards a (re) territorialization of this public action

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Baticle, Johana. « Espaces publics et action artistique à Montpellier : de nouveaux enjeux culturels pour la ville contemporaine ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30040.

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Cherchant à croiser projets urbain et culturel notre position critique met en avant les tendances principalesqui articulent enjeux culturels et enjeux urbains. Les arts et la culture servent le discours urbain plus qu'ils ne cofabriquentle projet de ville. Aujourd'hui l'art dans la ville se territorialise en un espace qui devient événement. Nousnous appuyons sur l'analyse de situations concrètes, où l'art investit la ville et où les pratiques culturelles migrentdes lieux dédiés (musées, théâtres) vers l'espace public. Notre étude de cas porte sur les pratiques culturelles de etdans l'espace public avec les Zones Artistiques Temporaires (Zat) à Montpellier de 2010 à 2015. D'une part, nousobservons la spatialité et la matérialité de neuf quartiers investis par les Zat, d'autre part, nous qualifions le temps, lemouvement ct l'action en étudiant comment les thèmes artistiques interrogent la ville concrète, l'imagibililé urbaineou encore la ville pratiquée. Enfin nous observons les transformations des espaces publics investis. En mettant enrésonance le projet culturel des Zat ct le projet urbain pour Montpellier il l'horizon 2040 nous cherchons ilproblémariser la possible transformation concrète du milieu urbain par l'action artistique. En imaginant unealternative pour le futur nous cherchons à faire mieux avec moins pour favoriser les expressions de l'art et de laculture mais aussi à agir sur la qualité des espaces à vivre de la ville. Dans l'idée d'une écologie culturelle, la thèsevise un potentiel de requalification des espaces publics en mettant en évidence les leviers d'une diffusion plus largede la culture dans la ville. Nous menons une réflexion sur les supports de cette diffusion autour des espaces pour lesarts et la culture à l'intérieur du projet urbain, mais aussi à travers diverses temporalités, le durable, le temporaire etl'éphémère. Dans un territoire qui révèle de trop grandes disparités, la question de la diffusion culturelle dans unformat d'éducation populaire cherche à atteindre tous les publics. Les pratiques culturelles s'appuient alors sur unespace public média de sa propre constitution ct des spécificités locales mais aussi sur une action artistique qui agitcomme médiateur sur l'altérité des lieux. A la recherche de valeurs symboliques, dans un projet urbain spatial ctsocial, les dimensions éphémère et temporaire sont susceptibles de répondre d'une plus large diffusion culturellemais aussi d'une plus grande acceptabilité grâce à la mobilité et au nomadisme envisagés par les dispositifs. Laquestion du vivre-ensemble est alors entendue au travers des possibilités de communautés éphémères pourintensifier l'urbanité. L'action artistique doit être en mesure de proposer des dispositifs multi-sensoriels visant àinduire des pratiques dans l'espace public. Au travers d'un art de j'espace dans l'espace, avec des esthétiques quipeuvent être temporaires voire éphémères mais surtout qui induisent des pratiques sensibles, il s'agit de proposer descentralités temporaires ct mobiles au travers d'un espace public plus muable
Seeking to cross urban and cultural projects our critical position highlights the key trends that articulatecultural and urban issues. Arts and culture serve the urban discourse more than they co-produce the city project.Today art in the city temtorializes itself in a space that becomes an event. We rely on the analysis of concretesituations, in which art inveslS the town and cultural practices migrate from dedicated places (museums, theaters) tothe public space. Our case study focuses on cultural practices in the public space as shown by the Temporary ArtisticZones (Zat) in Montpellier from 2010 to 2015. On the one hand, we observe the spatiality and materiality of ninedistricts Ï.nvested by these Zat; on the other hand, we qualify time, movement and action by analyzing how artisticthemes question the concrete city, urban imageabilily, or the practiced city. Finally wc watch the transformation ofthe public spaces investigated. By attuning the Zat cultural project to the urban project for MontpeUier in 2040, weseek to question a possible real transformation of urban environment through artistic action. By imagining analternative for the future we aim to do more witb less in order to encourage expressions of art and culture but also toact on the quality of the city's Uving spaces. Bearing in mind a cultural ecology, the thesis ai ms to the potentialredevelopment of public spaces by highlighting levers ofa wider dissemination of culture in the city. Wc conduct areflection on the supports of this dissemination around spaces for arts and culture within the urban project, but alsothrough various time frames, sustainable, temporary and ephemeral. ln a territory wbich reveals significantdisparities, the issue of cultural diffusion in a popular education format endeavors to reach ail audiences. Culturalpractices are then based on a media public space of its own constitution and local specificities but also on an artisticaction which acts as a mediator on the otherness of places. Searching for symbolical values in a spatial and socialurban project, the ephemeral and temporary dimensions are likely to ensure a wider cultural diffusion but alsogreater acceptability through the mobility and nomadism imagined through these devices. The question of livingtogether is then tacklcd through the possibilities of ephemeral communities aiming to intensify urbanity. Artisticaction must be able to offer multi-sensory devices capable of inducing practices in the public space. Through an artof space inside space, witb aesthetics that can be temporary or even ephemeral but above ail that induce sensitivepractices, it offers temporary and mobile centralities through a public space that is more mutable. ET

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Hernandez, Pulgarin Jose Gregorio. « Renaissance" à Montpellier et "refondation" à Pereira : invocations mythiques et conceptions du temps dans des opérations d'urbanisme en France et en Colombie ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1101.

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Montpellier en France et Pereira en Colombie sont deux villes intermédiaires où se sont réalisées depuis la fin du XXe siècle des opérations d’urbanisme d’une grande envergure. À Montpellier, l’opération de développement urbain Port Marianne, et à Pereira, l’opération de rénovation urbaine Ciudad Victoria, se sont construites dans le but de résoudre certains problèmes en matière d’urbanisme mais aussi avec l’espoir de transformer radicalement l’économie des villes. Dans cette thèse, je propose d’analyser la manière dont ces opérations sont présentées comme légitimes par ceux qui construisent la ville matériellement à partir de représentations, les concepteurs de la ville : les élus, les techniciens à l’urbanisme, les architectes, la presse, etc. Or, je ne m’occupe pas des raisons techniques, économiques ou politiques, mais d’analyser certains dispositifs culturels qui sont mobilisés afin de montrer ces opérations comme nécessaires, voire indispensables. Ces dispositifs culturels abordés sont de deux types. D’un côté, apparaissent les discours de nature mythique, idéologique et identitaire qui sont mobilisés pour montrer que les opérations doivent se réaliser. Ainsi, par exemple, une opération peut être conçue comme la source d’une redéfinition de l’identité des villes qui est en accord avec les attentes idéologiques d’attractivité ou de compétitivité entre elles-mêmes. D’un autre côté, j’analyse les conceptions du temps passé, présent et futur, les temporalités, qui sont présentées discursivement comme des sources de légitimité des opérations. Ainsi, certaines notions temporelles comme celles de tradition, de crise de la ville, de développement, de progrès ou de modernité sont mises en récit par les concepteurs des villes afin de montrer que les opérations doivent se réaliser, car elles sont inscrites dans le sens du temps des villes et répondent aux attentes de développement. La comparaison des fictions opératoires, créées par les discours concernant ces dispositifs de légitimation culturelle et temporelle, est réalisée en recourant à une perspective plutôt anthropologique au niveau des outils d’analyse et en incluant une perspective méthodologique éclectique
Montpellier (France) and Pereira (Colombia) are two intermediate cities where large scale urbanism operations have taken place since the mid-twentieth century. In Montpellier, the urban development operation called Port Marianne, and Pereira the urban renewal operation called Ciudad Victoria, were made with the objective of solving certain urban problems, but also with the hope of radically transforming the economy of both cities. In this research, I propose to analyze the way in which these urban operations are presented as legitimate realizations by those who build the cities both materially and through representatives, that is, the city producers: city administrators, urbanists, architects, the press, etc. However, I do not intend to deal with technical, political or economic reasons that might legitimize these operations. I propose to analyze certain cultural devices that are put to work in order to demonstrate that these operations are necessary, or even more, indispensable. The devices analyzed here are two kinds. On one hand are the mythic, ideological, and identity devices that are put to work in order to demonstrate that the operation must take place. For example, an urban operation might be thought of as a source for the redefinition of the city identity that is consistent with the ideological expectations around interurban competitiveness. On the other hand, I propose to analyze the concepts of past, present and future time, the temporalities that are presented throughout the discourse as sources of legitimacy of urban operations. In this way, certain notions relative to time like those related to tradition, city crises, development, progress, or modernity, are used by the city producers to demonstrate that the operations must be done because they are consistent with the historic and temporal sense of the city and because they respond to the expectations of development. The comparison of the fictions created by the legitimation discourse of a cultural or temporal nature is done by using an analysis perspective that is close to Anthropology in conceptual terms, and an eclectic perspective of methodologies

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Ferguson, Yann. « Politiser l'action publique : une approche par les instruments : le cas du programme Constellation ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20026/document.

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Les grands projets urbains sont devenus des éléments indispensables des stratégies de développement local, dans un contexte de compétition entre les territoires. Leur pilotage nécessite souvent une remise en question des formes organisationnelles convenues de l'action publique. Ainsi, le programme Constellation, opération toulousaine réunissant une zone industrielle et deux éco-quartiers, a été l’occasion de ré-instruire les connaissances et les pratiques urbaines locales. Ce processus se matérialise dans des instruments d’action délibérément mobilisés pour domestiquer l’incertitude générée par la mise à distance du fonctionnement traditionnel du système de fabrication de la ville. Ces instruments, qui peuvent être des chartes, des équipes-projets, des procédures de désignation d’urbanistes ou d’architectes, des normes qualité ou des bases-vie de chantier, mobilisent de nouveaux acteurs et de nouvelles formes managériales. Les usagers leur attribuent une capacité à transformer la culture du projet urbain. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment les acteurs instrumentent leur action en situation d’incertitude. Elle montre que l’action instrumentée active quatre types de médiation, pragmatique, épistémique, interactive et symbolique, dont les combinaisons produisent quatre mécanismes de confinement des problèmes : la socialisation et la communalisation, la sélection et la socialisation. L’ensemble rend compte d’une politisation de l’action, dans la mesure où les instruments transforment la nature des échanges, passant d’échanges économiques à des échanges politiques
Large urban projects have come to play an indispensible part in local development strategies, in the context of competition between areas. Their successful conduct often requires calling into question conventional ways of organizing public action. The Constellation project in Toulouse, including an industrial zone and two eco-neighborhoods, provides an occasion to re-examine local urban knowledge and practices. This process is seen in the tools used deliberately to calm the incertitude caused by departures from traditional ways of building cities. They can include charters, team projects, procedural designations of urbanists and architects, drawing up of quality standards and managing on-site locales. They mobilize new participants and new forms of management. Users of the site accredit them with an ability to transform an urban project’s culture. This doctoral thesis intends to provide an understanding of how participants use these tools in a situation of uncertainty. It shows how action involves four types of mediation: pragmatic, epistemic, interactive, and symbolic. Combinations of these produce four mechanisms for delimiting problems: association and community building, selection and socialization. The whole gives an account of the politicization of action insofar as the tools transform the nature of exchanges, from economic to political ones

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Modula, Michael Vincent. « Trust, Knowledge, and Legitimacy as Precursors to Building Resident Participation Capacity in Public Land-Use Decisions ». The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420761351.

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Modula, Michael Vincent. « Trust, Knowledge, and Legitimacy as Precursors to Building Resident Participation Capacity in Public Land-Use Decisions ». The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420761351.

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Kelly, Janet, et janet kelly@flinders edu au. « Moving Forward Together in Aboriginal Womens Health : A Participatory Action Research Exploring Knowledge Sharing, Working Together and Addressing Issues Collaboratively in Urban Primary Health Care Settings ». Flinders University. School of Nursing & ; Midwifery, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090324.084222.

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This collaborative qualitative research explored ways of improving Aboriginal womens health and well-being in an urban Adelaide primary health care setting. This involved respectful knowledge sharing, working effectively together and addressing issues related to colonisation, discrimination and exclusion. It was identified that while Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal professionals are committed to Closing the Gap in health disparities, many have questioned how best to do so within the current health system. Therefore, this research focused on filling gaps in knowledge about the spaces where Aboriginal community women, and Aboriginal and non Aboriginal health professionals can work collaboratively regardful and regardless of health system polices, programs and practices. A strong commitment to local community preferences and national Aboriginal health research ethics enabled Aboriginal community women and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal heath professional co-researchers to be actively and meaningfully involved with me in both the research processes and outcomes. A modified Participatory Action Research (PAR), with repeated cycles of Look and Listen, Think and Discuss and Take Action emerged as an effective model of collaborative practice, suitable for health care and research. Four unique yet interconnected areas of collaboration developed, each highlighting particular aspects of culturally safe knowledge sharing and collaboration in health care. The first involved working with Aboriginal community women, acknowledging and addressing their most health and well-being priorities related to high levels of stress in their lives. Collaborative action involved creating a womens friendship group, seeking and accessing a range of services, and co-presenting our findings at conferences The second Collaboration Area offers insights into the practicalities and difficulties experienced by staff as they tried to provide health services for Aboriginal women in a newly developing Aboriginal health organisation. The third Collaboration Area focused on the challenges and benefits of collaboration between sectors, in particular a local high school and the Aboriginal health service. We explored effective ways to work across sectors and engage young Aboriginal women in health programs. The ongoing impact of discrimination, exclusion and colonisation for this next generation of Aboriginal women was highlighted. The fourth Collaboration Area involved wider collaboration and road testing our collaborative methodology in a broader environment. A diverse group of co-researchers came together to plan, implement and evaluate a de-colonising national action research action learning conference embedded in Aboriginal preferred ways of knowing and doing. Findings are discussed under the three central themes of knowledge sharing, working together and addressing health care access and colonisation and key recommendations for the future are proposed. This research has reinforced the need identified in Aboriginal health documents for policy, program and practice commitment to holistic and collaborative approaches such as comprehensive primary health care and participatory action research. While the National Apology and Close the Gap campaign have provided opportunities for change, these need to be followed by tangible action at all levels of health care.

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Meireles, Renata Nadalin. « Interação público-privada no ambiente urbano : uma análise dos instrumentos jurídicos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-21012015-083549/.

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A tão conhecida segmentação dos direitos em público e privado, marcante nos sistemas jurídicos romanísticos, têm sido alvo de questionamentos em razão de sua insuficiência para explicar fenômenos que não mais se reconduzem a uma ou outra rubrica. Tem-se, dessa forma, que os setores público e privado estão cada vez mais imbricados, o que demanda do jurista e dos legisladores a criação de novas categorias e instrumentos, ou mesmo um câmbio de interpretação no tocante a categorias antigas. O Urbanismo, a sua vez, é fértil em oferecer exemplos de imbricação entre público e privado, uma vez que o ambiente da urbe é prenhe de manifestação dos mais diversos interesses que, mais e mais, têm sido objeto de acolhimento pelo ordenamento jurídico. Nesse quadro, a dissertação propõe-se a demonstrar como o ambiente urbano constantemente desafia a divisão rígida entre público e privado, para, na sequência, se dedicar à análise: (i) dos mecanismos de participação na concertação público-privada, com foco, sobretudo, na definição das políticas públicas de cunho urbanístico; (ii) e dos instrumentos contratuais entendidos de forma ampla cada vez mais utilizados na formatação das operações urbanísticas
The well known division between public and private law, classical in romanistic legal systems, has suffered considerable challenges due to its insufficiency to explain issues that may not be included in one or another side. As a consequence, private and public are more and more integrated which demands from jurists and legislators the creation of new categories and instruments or even the change of interpretation of old conceptions. Urbanism, on its turn, is a fertile soil in offering examples of the integration between private and public, since the environment of the city is rich in manifestations of the most diverse interests, which, more and more, are being accepted and considered by the legal orders. In this scenario, this essay aims at demonstrating how the urban environment frequently challenges the rigid division between public and private and thus will be dedicated to analyze (i) the mechanisms of joint participation of public and private players in the definition of public policies of urban issues; and (ii) the contractual instruments understood broadly widely used to the implementation of urban projects.

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Alexander, Serena E. « From Planning to Action : An Evaluation of State Level Climate Action Plans ». Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1470908879.

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Serbulo, Leanne Claire. « "Whose streets ? Our streets!" Urban social movements and the transformation of everyday life in Pacific Northwest cities, 1990-1999 ». PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/737.

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This project returns to the questions that were once at the center of the urban studies debate over social movements. What are urban social movements, and what impacts do they leave on the cities where they occur? Urban protests in Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington are used as the foundation for exploring the following research questions: What urban social movements occurred in the Pacific Northwest during 1990s? What goals were these movements struggling for? What impacts did urban social movements have on daily life in Portland and Seattle? While this project has continuity with earlier attempts to identify, describe, and assess the role that urban social movements play in cities, it also represents a significant departure from the established ways of understanding this phenomenon. Manuel Castells' (1983) theory on urban social movements considered local activism ineffectual, if it could not produce serious revolutionary change. A different portrait of urban social movements emerged in this project. Pacific Northwest urban protests challenged existing social relationships in neighborhoods, at work, in public services, in the construction and use of urban space, and in the imagination of the city. These protests grew out of the everyday life experiences of their participants and sought to transform the patterns and relationships of daily life. Since urban social movements arise from everyday life, their impacts will be evident in a community's use of time, construction of space, development of social relationships, and sense of possibility. The ability of urban social movements to radically alter the everyday lives of their participants and communities of interest is, in and of itself, significant. As these changes reverberate beyond the boundaries of these directly impacted communities, they have the potential to create broader citywide changes. It is these transformations that are the building blocks for the active construction of our urban cultures, spaces, and communities.

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Svensson, Lotten. « A Resource-based View on Collaboration between Firms and Local Partners in a Non-urban Swedish Context ». Doctoral thesis, University of Twente, The Netherlands, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13278.

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Is it feasible to stimulate informal collaboration among non-urban firms and local public- and other private-sector actors, whereby they jointly strengthen the competitiveness of these firms? To answer this question, firms’ collaboration with local partner’s actors were examined. Most of the studied firms in this thesis are embedded in a regional “ecosystem” of a country (Sweden), with the usual set of public- and third-sector (not-for-profit) actors. Firms that “exploit” all their local external actors do create additional resources for themselves. This thesis argues that such fuller use is feasible and perhaps necessary in a non-urban Swedish context. The Resource-Based Theory (RBT) considers mainly internal firm resources to achieve superior performance. In order to extend this theory in the context of a non-urban area, collaborative excellence is advocated through informal public-private collaboration that can help firms to flourish economically. The collaboration between the public and the private sectors can also enhance a common spirit or identity of a place. Action Design Research (ADR) Methodology is invoked in this thesis, together with other supporting methods, such as interviews and observations as well as archival data analysis. The intervention was held as a set of workshops and has been used as a key research method at the same time. The results capture, amongst others, views from municipal management, private companies, and community (not-for-profit) associations. The essential aim of this research was to enhance the quality of the interactions among the key individuals from these organizations in their efforts to strengthen productive cooperation between the public and the private sectors. Informal public-private collaboration is important. Thus, more understanding of how such collaboration can be used effectively is paramount. This thesis shows that it is feasible to develop collaboration in a specific Swedish non-urban context when successful private firms and a municipality work well together with relevant, not-for-profit organizations that are also located in, and concerned with, the same region. Therefore, when addressing the competitive potential of a location, the quality of the informal public-private collaboration, should be considered. The abductive research approach of this study aims to offer an understanding of how informal collaboration between firms and local, non-commercial partners may take place, aiming for firms to flourish

Nederländernas examen är endast doctor

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Gardesse, Camille. « La "concertation" citoyenne dans le projet de réaménagement du quartier des Halles de Paris (2002-2010) : les formes de la démocratisation de l'action publique en urbanisme et ses obstacles ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1138/document.

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Dans un contexte national d'injonctions réglementaires répétées visant à faire davantage participer les habitants-citoyens à l'action publique, et dans un contexte municipal marqué par une volonté de rupture avec les modes de gouvernance des mandatures précédentes, la Mairie de Paris a, de 2002 à 2010, organisé une « concertation » ambitieuse pour le projet de réaménagement du quartier des Halles. Cette thèse a pour objet d'analyser les conditions de mise en place d'une démarche participative dans le cadre particulier d'un grand projet d'urbanisme. Elle s'intéresse aux possibilités d'articulation entre processus de projet urbain et processus participatif. Elle propose à cette occasion des éléments de méthode et d'analyse concernant la prise en compte des habitants-citoyens dans la fabrication du projet. Pour cela, les diverses modalités et temporalités de la démarche de projet et des dispositifs participatifs sont précisément étudiées. Ces derniers sont passés au crible de définitions de degrés d'implication d'une part et de critères d'évaluation de la participation et de la délibération d'autre part. S'il est difficile de qualifier de façon uniforme le niveau d'intensité de l'implication citoyenne dans un projet d'urbanisme étudié dans sa durée, il ressort de l'analyse que, globalement, les dispositifs appelés « concertation » par la Mairie de Paris n'ont pas véritablement mis en négociation la définition du projet dans ses principes majeurs. De ce fait, la plupart du temps, le processus participatif est resté cantonné à un niveau consultatif. Les postures des acteurs en charge du projet urbain et leurs représentations de la place de l'habitant-citoyen dans la démarche de projet expliquent en grande partie le caractère relativement limité de la « concertation » quant à ses effets sur le projet, mais aussi en termes d'ouverture aux différents publics concernés. Néanmoins les obstacles à la démocratisation de l'action publique en urbanisme trouvent également leurs sources dans les manières de concevoir et de mener la démarche de projet. Pour autant, le projet de réaménagement du quartier des Halles a été source de changements voire d'innovations pour la Ville. Etudier le processus participatif en tant qu'expérience permet de montrer ses effets sur les acteurs impliqués, notamment au travers de logiques d'apprentissages, ainsi que les évolutions possibles, dans le contexte municipal parisien, des pratiques participatives dans la conception urbaine
In a national context of repeated lawful injunctions to increase the inhabitant-citizen participation in the public action, and a local context of break with the previous forms of governorship, the Paris Mayor Office organised from 2002 to 2010 an ambitious « concertation» around the urban redevelopment project of the central district Les Halles. This research is dedicated to the analysis of the setting-up conditions of a participative approach in the specific framework of a great urban planning project. The aim is to demonstrate the link between the project process and the participative process. Elements of method and analysis concerning the consideration of the inhabitant-citizen in the project are exposed. For this purpose, the various methods and temporalities of the project's approach and participative devices are precisely studied, using definitions of participation levels and standards of the participation and deliberation process. Assuming that it is pretty difficult to qualify evenly the intensity level of the citizen implication concerning an urban project studied in its duration, the analysis obviously shows that on the whole, the devices called « concertation» by the Mayor Office did not really impact the negotiation of the project in its main principles. In fact, the participative process remained most of the time confined to an advisory level (consultation). The position of the actors in charge of the urban project and their representations of the inhabitant-citizen status in the project process are a major explanation for the limited impact of the « concertation» in the project itself, but also in its attempt to appeal to the concerned public. However, obstacles to public action democratization in urban planning also result from the way the projects are conceived and realized. Nevertheless, the urban redevelopment of the district Les Halles has launched changes, even innovations in the City. Studying the participative process as an experiment allows to show its effects on the people involved, especially in terms of learning processes, as well as the possible evolutions, in the Parisian local context, of participative practices in urban planning

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Boutemedjet, Anissa. « Imagerie et quartier, entre pratiques des populations et action publique : le cas de la ville d'Annaba en Algérie ». Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1501.

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L’efficience des représentations à l’oeuvre dans les dynamiques sociospatiales et leur cristallisation à travers une forte imagerie constituent à notre sens un objet de recherche fécond pour comprendre le fait urbain. Notre réflexion porte sur l’imagerie de deux quartiers à Annaba, Kouba et Les Allemands, respectivement représentatifs des ensembles collectifs réalisés dans le cadre du Plan de Constantine en 1958 et des ZHUN dans les années 1980. Les constructions identitaires qui y sont attachées sont largement liées à l’histoire urbaine et aux conditions de leur peuplement, le premier abrite majoritairement des cadres, des techniciens, le second reflète une sorte de proximité spatiale entre le même type de population et des sinistrés provenant des bidonvilles et de la médina. Ainsi, nous considérons que saisir l’imagerie contrastée caractérisant ces espaces, permettrait d’accéder aux logiques à la base, tant des actions urbaines initiées par les pouvoirs publics, que des modes d’appropriation des populations de ces quartiers, à travers leur itinéraire résidentiel, leurs mobilités, leurs usages, leurs interactions sociales et leurs relations à la ville
The efficiency of the representations to work in the dynamic socio-space ones and their crystallization through a strong imagery constitute with our direction a fertile object of research to understand the urban fact. Our reflection relates to the imagery of two districts to Annaba, Kouba and the Allemands, respectively representative of the collective units carried out within the framework of the Plan of Constantine in 1958 and the ZHUN in the years 1980. Identity constructions which are attached there are largely related to the urban history and in the conditions of their settlement, the first shelters mainly executives, technicians, the second reflects a kind of space proximity between the same type of population and the disaster victim coming from the slums and medina. Thus, we consider that to seize the contrasted imagery characterizing these spaces, would give access logics the base, as well of the urban actions initiated by the authorities, as modes of appropriation of the populations of these districts through their residential route, their mobilities, their uses, their social interactions and their relations at the city

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Knapp, Sandra V. « Does GRID Alternatives Impact Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Targets in Central Coast Climate Action Plans ? » DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1613.

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As of March 2016, GRID Alternatives’ 179 solar electric system installations on low-income housing contributed 103 metric tons of carbon (MT CO2e) emissions reduction for the climate action plans’ Energy or Renewable Energy climate action measures that pertain to solar electric installations in the cities of: Arroyo Grande, Atascadero, Paso Robles, and San Luis Obispo and San Luis Obispo County. In 2007, the San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (APCD) created a team of government agencies to design climate action plans (CAP) that met the emission reduction goals set out by AB 32 and the 2008 Climate Change Scoping Plan (Rincon Consultants, 2014, p. 1-2). Each CAP outlines its greenhouse gas (GHG) baseline emissions and GHG emissions reduction targets in metric tons of carbon (MT CO2e) and identifies climate action measures to reach GHG emissions reduction targets. The climate action measure that pertains to Energy or Renewable Energy, specifically solar electric system installations, is examined in this study. GRID Alternatives, a non-profit solar installer that implements its Solar Affordable Housing Program, was selected by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) in 2008, to serve as the statewide program manager for the California Solar Initiative’s $108 million incentive program called the Single-family Affordable Solar Homes (SASH) program, which is the country's first dedicated solar rebate program for low-income families (GRID, 2016a, p. 2). In 2010, GRID Alternatives opened its Central Coast office in Atascadero to serve five central coast counties and tracks CO2 emission reductions for each installation. My objective is to determine the impact that GRID Alternatives’ solar electric installations in the cities of Arroyo Grande, Atascadero, Paso Robles, and San Luis Obispo and in San Luis Obispo County have on their respective CAPs’ GHG emissions reduction targets for the Energy or Renewable Energy climate action measure that pertains to solar electric installations.

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Filardo, Giuseppe. « Reciprocity : where art meets the community : action research in response to artistic encounters and relationships ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30153/1/Giuseppe_Filardo_Thesis.pdf.

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This practice-led research project examines some of the factors and issues facing artists working in the public domain who wish to engage with the community as audience. Using the methodology of action research, the three major creative projects in this study use art as a socio-political tool with the aim of providing an effective vehicle for broadening awareness, understanding forms of social protest and increasing tolerance for diversity. The three projects: Floodline November 7, 2004, Look in, Look out, and The Urban Terrorist Project, dealt with issues of marginalisation of communities, audiences and graffiti artists respectively. The artist/researcher is outlined as both creator and collaborator in the work. Processes included ephemeral elements, such as temporary installation and performance, as well as interactive elements that encouraged direct audience involvement as part of the work. In addition to the roles of creator and collaborator, both of which included audience as well as artist, the presence of an outside entity was evident. Whether local, legal authorities or prevailing attitudes, outside entities had an unavoidable impact on the processes and outcomes of the work. Each project elicited a range of responses from their respective audiences; however, the overarching concept of reciprocity was seen to be the crucial factor in conception, artistic methods and outcomes.

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Filardo, Giuseppe. « Reciprocity : where art meets the community : action research in response to artistic encounters and relationships ». Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30153/.

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This practice-led research project examines some of the factors and issues facing artists working in the public domain who wish to engage with the community as audience. Using the methodology of action research, the three major creative projects in this study use art as a socio-political tool with the aim of providing an effective vehicle for broadening awareness, understanding forms of social protest and increasing tolerance for diversity. The three projects: Floodline November 7, 2004, Look in, Look out, and The Urban Terrorist Project, dealt with issues of marginalisation of communities, audiences and graffiti artists respectively. The artist/researcher is outlined as both creator and collaborator in the work. Processes included ephemeral elements, such as temporary installation and performance, as well as interactive elements that encouraged direct audience involvement as part of the work. In addition to the roles of creator and collaborator, both of which included audience as well as artist, the presence of an outside entity was evident. Whether local, legal authorities or prevailing attitudes, outside entities had an unavoidable impact on the processes and outcomes of the work. Each project elicited a range of responses from their respective audiences; however, the overarching concept of reciprocity was seen to be the crucial factor in conception, artistic methods and outcomes.

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Laugaa, Manon. « En orbite de la ville numérique. Sociologie politique des cabinets de conseil satellites dans l'action publique urbaine ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04651325.

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Cette thèse analyse le rôle des cabinets de conseil dans le déploiement de la ville numérique et les effets de leurs activités sur la recomposition de la gouvernance et de l’action publique urbaines. Elle propose une sociologie politique des cabinets spécialisés dans l’action publique numérique (données, smart city, etc.) en interrogeant à la fois le fonctionnement interne de ces organisations et leurs effets sur l’action publique. Cette approche permet de questionner la diversité du monde du conseil au public et la variabilité des pratiques professionnelles des consultants. Elle repose sur une enquête ethnographique de 4 ans dans un cabinet de conseil, sur l’observation participante de cinq missions auprès d’acteurs publics, sur l’analyse des productions des cabinets de conseil et sur 30 entretiens menés avec les consultants de ce cabinet, des fondateurs de cabinets concurrents et des clients publics. La thèse associe l’analyse des discours et des représentations des consultants avec celle de leurs pratiques. Le parti-pris de cette enquête est de prendre au sérieux les « valeurs » revendiquées par les cabinets de conseil en interrogeant les effets de ces valeurs sur les pratiques commerciales et professionnelles. Cette thèse documente la transformation de la ville numérique à travers l’analyse d’acteurs intermédiaires se positionnant entre acteurs publics urbains et entreprises privées et légitimant leur position par la menace que fait peser le capitalisme numérique sur la « souveraineté » des acteurs publics urbains. Bénéficiant de ressources d’expertises, de reconnaissance et/ou de réseau dans le monde de l’action publique urbaine, ces acteurs influencent le cadrage de l’action publique numérique. Ils participent notamment à instituer les données comme un enjeu politique à part entière pour les gouvernements urbains. Tout en défendant un rôle de moralisation et d’encadrement du marché de la ville numérique, les cabinets participent in fine à la dynamique de numérisation de l’action publique urbaine
This thesis analyzes the role of consulting firms in the unfolding of the digital city and the effects of their activities on the reconfiguration of urban governance and public action. It offer a political sociology of consulting firms specialized in digital public action (data, smart city, etc.) by examining both the functioning of these organizations and their effects on public action. This approach allows questioning the diversity of the consulting field for the public sector and the variability of consultants’ professional practices.It is based on a four-year ethnographic study in a consulting firm, participant observation of five missions with public actors, analysis of consulting firms’ production and 30 interviews conducted with consultants from this firms, founders of competing firms, and public clients. The thesis combines the analysis of consultants’ discourses and representations with their practices. It takes seriously the “values” claimed by consulting firms by examining the effects of theses values on commercial and professional practices.This thesis reports on the transformation of the digital city through the analysis of intermediary actors positioning themselves between urban public actors and private companies, legitimizing their position by the threat posed by digital capitalism to the “sovereignty” of urban public actors. Benefiting from expertise, recognition and/or networks in the field of urban public action, these actors influence the framing of digital public action. They notably contribute to establishing data as a full-fledged political issue for urban governments. While advocating for a role in moralizing and regulating the digital city market, consulting firms ultimately contribute to the digitalization dynamic of urban public action

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Nahum, Noemie Nelly. « Projeto urbano : instrumento de di?logo ? » Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/979.

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Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T13:52:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NOEMIE NELLY NAHUM.pdf: 14077034 bytes, checksum: a3277c9c8afeb7275c61c84726af0d28 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T13:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NOEMIE NELLY NAHUM.pdf: 14077034 bytes, checksum: a3277c9c8afeb7275c61c84726af0d28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30
Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas
It is proposed to reflect the research from the point of view of theory and practice, considering them inseparably related to the process of methodological reconstruction in the applied social sciences, especially in the area of architecture and urbanism. The discussion involves the development of an urban projectc in the Village neighborhood in Campinas, S?o Paulo, understanding it as a political and technical vehicle for dialogue among the social agents involved in it. Urban regeneration of public spaces is privileged, taking into account that, under dialogical conditions, the collective subject can guide the treatment of daily territory.
Prop?e-se refletir a pesquisa do ponto de vista da teoria e da pr?tica, considerando-as indissociavelmente relacionadas ao processo de reconstru??o metodol?gica nas ci?ncias sociais aplicadas, especialmente na ?rea de arquitetura e urbanismo. A discuss?o envolve o desenvolvimento de um projeto urbano no bairro Village em Campinas, S?o Paulo, compreendendo-o como ve?culo pol?tico e t?cnico de di?logo entre os agentes sociais nele envolvidos. Privilegia-se a requalifica??o urbana dos espa?os livres p?blicos, levando em conta que, sob condi??es dial?gicas, o sujeito coletivo possa orientar o tratamento do territ?rio cotidiano.

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Emery, David Austin. « Lost in Translation : Where Are the Planners ? A Study of K-12 Public Schools in Hamilton County, Ohio ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243367131.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: Christopher Auffrey. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: communicative action; communicative planning; consensus planning; information use in planning; Ohio public schools; school funding. Includes bibliographical references.

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Zanetti, Thomas. « Une ville et sa multinationale, une multinationale et sa ville : emprise spatiale, organisation sociale, fonction économique et régulation politique du « territoire Michelin » à Clermont-Ferrand (fin XIXe à nos jours) ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20099/document.

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Michelin est une firme multinationale présente sur tous les continents, elle détient près de 70 sites à travers le monde, qui emploient au total 108 000 salariés. En ce sens, l’entreprise a la capacité de valoriser divers territoires d’implantation dans le cadre de la mondialisation de ses activités, en s’émancipant des contraintes spatiales pour répondre à une consommation globale. Or, la multinationale du pneumatique a toujours maintenu son siège social dans la ville où l’entreprise industrielle est née à la fin du XIXème siècle, Clermont-Ferrand, signe qu’un degré élevé de mondialisation peut coexister avec un ancrage territorial centenaire. Il convient alors de s’interroger sur les ressorts, nécessairement évolutifs, de l’enracinement clermontois de Michelin. De la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu’à la Seconde guerre mondiale, l’entreprise a mis en place à Clermont-Ferrand un système paternaliste d’encadrement social de la force de travail qui accompagnait l’existence de l’ouvrier du « berceau à la tombe ». Cités-jardins, écoles, équipements médicaux, sportifs, œuvres sociales, etc. ont ainsi été conçues pour attirer, fidéliser et finalement assujettir une main-d’œuvre généralement issue du milieu rural auvergnat. S’ajoutant à l’emprise spatiale des sites industriels, tous localisés sur la commune de Clermont-Ferrand et composant un « espace Michelin » s’étalant entre les centres anciens de Clermont et de Montferrand, l’ensemble des équipements du système paternaliste dessine un « monde Michelin », défini comme une entité socio-spatiale autonome par rapport au reste de la société urbaine locale.Cette organisation sociale spécifique a une finalité essentiellement productive. Confrontée à l’absence de tradition industrielle qui caractérise la région clermontoise au début du XXème siècle, la firme façonne un milieu économique progressivement soumis à la croissance d’une mono-industrie, celle du caoutchouc, puis à une seule entreprise, Michelin. Cette dernière devient alors le principal moteur de l’économie locale, le puissant leader d’un bassin qui s’industrialise brutalement.Enfin, les relations de l’entreprise avec les pouvoirs publics locaux sont déterminantes pour comprendre comment un acteur privé a pu conformer une ville à ses logiques économiques. En effet, le déploiement d’une initiative sur l’espace ne se peut se réaliser sans lien avec le pouvoir institutionnalisé des élites politiques, celles-ci maîtrisant des ressources réglementaires indispensables à la mise en œuvre de l’aménagement urbain. Le concours de Michelin à la fabrique de la ville est ainsi indissociable des initiatives publiques, menées notamment par la municipalité de Clermont-Ferrand. Au final, on peut considérer qu’on assiste, dans la première moitié du XXème siècle, à la construction, par une entreprise, d’un territoire formé de quatre dimensions interdépendantes : une emprise spatiale, une organisation sociale, une fonction économique et une régulation politique. Une fois posées les modalités de la constitution de ce « territoire Michelin », l’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser comment cette construction territoriale évolue dans le temps, selon un cycle de « territorialisation / déterritorialisation / reterritorialisation » qui renouvelle les conditions de l’ancrage territorial d’une firme mondiale et renseigne sur la dialectique entre local et global, le territoire pouvant alors être considéré comme une clé de lecture du capitalisme et de ses conséquences sur l’évolution des sociétés urbaines
Michelin is a multinational presents on all the continents, it holds 70 sites worldwide, which employ all in all 108 000 employees. This way, the company has the capacity to value diverse territories within the framework of the globalization of its activities, by becoming emancipated spatial constraints to answer a global consumption. Yet, the multinational of the tire always maintained its head office in the city where the industrial company was born at the end of the XIXth century, Clermont-Ferrand, sign when a high degree of globalization can coexist with a hundred-years-old territorial anchoring. It is then advisable to wonder about reasons, inevitably evolutionary, of the presence of Michelin in Clermont-Ferrand.From the end of the XIXth century to the Second World War, the company set up in Clermont-Ferrand a paternalistic system of social frame of the working strength which accompanied the existence of the worker of the "cradle in the grave". Garden cities, schools, medical, sports equipments, charitable works, etc. were so designed to attract, develop loyalty and finally subject a workforce generally stemming from the rural environment from Auvergne. Being added to the spatial influence of the industrial sites, all located on the municipality of Clermont-Ferrand and composing a "space Michelin" spreading out between the old centers of Clermont and Montferrand, all the equipments of the paternalistic system draws a "world Michelin", defined as an autonomous socio-spatial entity, compared with the rest of the local urban society.This specific social organization has an essentially productive purpose. Confronted with the absence of industrial tradition which characterizes the clermontoise region at the beginning of the XXth century, the firm shapes an economic environment gradually subjected to the growth of a mono-industry, that some rubber, then to the single company, Michelin. The latter becomes then the main engine of the local economy, the powerful leader of a pond which becomes industrialized brutally.Finally, the relations of the company with the local public authorities are determining to understand how a private actor was able to shape a city to his economic logics. Indeed, the deployment of an initiative on the space cannot come true without link with the power institutionalized by the political elites, these mastering statutory resources indispensable to the implementation of the urban planning. The participation of Michelin to the urbanization is so inseparable public initiatives, led in particular by the municipality of Clermont-Ferrand. In the end, we can consider that we attend, in the first half of the XXth century, in the construction, by a company, of a territory structured by four interdependent dimensions: a spatial influence, a social organization, an economic function and a political regulation. Once put the modalities of the constitution of this "territory Michelin", the objective of this work is to analyze how this territorial construction evolves during the history, according to a cycle of "territorialization / deterritorialization / reterritorialization" which renews the conditions of the territorial anchoring of a world firm and informs about the dialectic between local and global, the territory which can then be considered as a key of reading of the capitalism and its consequences on the evolution of the urban societies

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Gomes, Pedro Manuel Serrano. « Vivacidade. A animação do espaço público como estado e como acção municipal ». Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4058.

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Tese de Mestrado em Estudos do Espaço e do Habitar em Arquitectura.
No seio do debate em torno de uma alegada crise do espaço e da vida publica contemporâneos, o termo animação surge com alguma frequência, dando conta de dinâmicas de utilização dos espaços, de um tipo de intervenção sobre o espaço publico e, também, como objectivo da actuação sobre o mesmo. E por esta polissemia do termo, significando simultaneamente um estado (a intensidade da vida social e das suas manifestações) e uma acção (de animar, de dar vida), que a presente investigação parte do pressuposto de que a animação do espaço publico constitui uma legitima preocupação dos municípios. No entanto, reconhece, igualmente, que os contornos imprecisos da expressão animação do espaço publico dificultam a sua afirmação enquanto desígnio aglutinador de parte da intervenção municipal sobre o espaço publico. Por conseguinte, busca delimitar o campo de actuação municipal na animação dos espaços públicos, para tal apresentando uma concepção normativa de espaço publico animado, concretizada num conjunto de indicadores; os factores que potenciam a sua existência; e a forma como a administração urbanística e a acção cultural e recreativa podem ser empregues para a sua promoção.
Abstract - The word “animation” appears on occasion within the debate around an alleged crisis of both public life and public spaces in contemporary cities, referring to the dynamics of public space use, to interventions in public space and to the purpose of those interventions.Given the word’s polysemy, meaning both a state (the intensity of social life and of its manifestations) and an action (of animating, of enlivening), this piece of research assumes that public space animation is a legitimate concern of municipalities. However, it also acknowledges that the phrase’s imprecise contours pose an obstacle to boosting public space animation as a policy domain bringing together part of the municipal intervention on public spaces. Consequently, this dissertation seeks to establish the scope of municipal actions of public space animation. To do so, it puts forward a normative conception of animated public space, given shape in a set of indicators; the factors underlying it; and the ways urban administration and cultural and recreational action can be deployed to promote it.

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Labat, Didier. « Le paysage, levier d'action dans la planification territoriale. Essai d'évaluation de la politique paysagère du SCOT de l’aire métropolitaine de Bordeaux ». Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0045/document.

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La construction du projet de territoire dans les documents d’urbanisme procède d’une instrumentation de l’action publique pour répondre à des problématiques locales et systémiques. L’élaboration d’un schéma de cohérence territoriale métropolitain met en tension des rivalités d’intérêts. Pour mener à bien le projet, la recherche du consensus est la règle et limite ainsi sa dimension opérationnelle. Dans ce cadre d’interprétation, nous posons comme hypothèse que les politiques paysagères dans les documents d’urbanisme, ne sont pas le plus souvent suffisamment définies pour être mises en œuvre avec efficacité et atteindre leurs objectifs. En adoptant une démarche d’évaluation de la politique paysagère comme outil d’analyse de l’action publique, nous proposons d’analyser l’intervention du SYSDAU dans son schéma directeur de 2001. Cette évaluation suit quatre étapes : une analyse historique, une reconstitution des théories d’action, l’analyse de la compatibilité entre le schéma directeur et trois plans locaux d’urbanisme, et enfin, l’identification de la perception paysagère des populations. Les résultats permettent d’identifier l’efficacité des orientations paysagères, mais également leurs limites. La démarche d’évaluation vise non seulement à traduire l’impact de la politique paysagère du schéma directeur de 2001, mais également à comprendre les mécanismes de réussite ou d’échec des orientations. Les résultats montrent que le paysage constitue un outil de mobilisation et de légitimation de l’action publique, et révèle l’importance de la démarche paysagère dans les documents d’urbanisme. Nous pouvons ainsi proposer aux acteurs une évaluation de leur politique paysagère selon une démarche ex-post, pour identifier des leviers ou des pistes d’action et améliorer la formulation des politiques paysagères des SCOT à venir
The design of the territory project within urban plans comes from a public action instrumentation. The construction of a metropolitan master plan is the source of conflicting interests. In order to succeed in the project, seeking consensus is the rule, to the detriment of its operational aspects. In this context of interpretation, we have for hypothesis that the landscape policies in the urban plan’s aren’t enough defined for an efficient implementation to reach their objectives. Adopting a landscape policy assessment as a tool for the public action analysis, we propose to analyse the SYSDAU’s intervention in his 2001 urban plan. We have experienced a 4-step approach: a historical analysis, a reconstitution of the action theories, the compatibility analysis between the master plan and three different land use plans, and finally, the analysis of the way the population perceive the landscape. The results from this approach help in identifying the efficiency of the landscape scheme, but also its limits. The assessment aims at, not only explaining the impacts of landscape public policy in 2001, but also understanding their mechanisms, that lead to success or failure. The results show how important the landscape is in building a territory program, and it reveals the strength of a landscaped approach in any urban planning. So, we can now offer to the different actors an evaluation of their land policy following an “ex-post” approach, and thus, identify the leverages or the possible ways to improve the wording of the landscape policy of the SCOT to come

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Daniau, Anaïs. « L'animation politique des marchés : le management commercial au service de la gestion des centres urbains ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20088.

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Depuis les années 1970, l’organisation du commerce urbain s’est imposée comme un enjeu central pour les collectivités locales. La mise à l’agenda de situations problématiques impliquant le commerce a encouragé l’émergence de nouveaux métiers et de politiques publiques visant à prendre en charge ces problématiques. Cette thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser l’émergence et le rôle de nouveaux professionnels chargés d’organiser l’offre commerciale des centres-villes : les managers de centre-ville. Au croisement de la sociologie des marchés et des analyses de l’action publique, la thèse analyse les dynamiques professionnelles, marchandes, urbaines et politiques sous-jacentes à l’organisation du commerce urbain. La première partie de la thèse retrace l’histoire de la régulation du commerce urbain et révèle les controverses que de telles interventions suscitent. La deuxième partie porte sur le processus de professionnalisation du métier de manager de centre-ville afin de montrer comment ce métier, promu par le secteur privé, fut petit à petit récupéré par les collectivités locales comme un outil de gouvernement des acteurs économiques. À partir d’une étude de cas menée sur la politique de Toulouse, la troisième partie de la thèse expose les conditions dans lesquelles cette politique a pu se déployer et se maintenir dans un contexte d’alternance politique. L’observation réalisée auprès du manager de centre-ville montre ensuite les différences facettes de son pouvoir et les objectifs qu’il poursuit. Dans la même optique, l’analyse d’une opération municipale d’acquisition de boutiques sur deux quartiers populaires du centre-ville, dévoile que l’objectif de diversification commerciale affiché par les élus locaux masque des ambitions de contrôle social des espaces publics et privés. En conclusion, cette thèse contribue à documenter les liens existants entre animation des marchés et production urbaine par l’étude du travail politique et marchand des managers de centre-ville
Since the 1970s, the organization of urban shopping has emerged as a central issue for local authorities. Putting problematic situations involving retail trade one the policy agenda has encouraged the emergence of new professions and public policies aimed at shaping the retail offer of cities. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the emergence and role of new professionals in charge of organizing the commercial offer of city centres: city centre managers. At the crossroads of economic sociology and the sociology of public policies, this thesis analyzes the professional, market, urban and political dynamics that regulate urban shopping organization. The first part of the thesis relates how public interventions tried to control retail development for decades and reveals the controversies that such operations could generate. The second part deals with the process of professionalization of city centre managers and shows how local authorities gradually invested in this profession created by private sector. Then, the third part describes a case study of Toulouse’s retail policy. It sets out the conditions under which this policy was set up and maintained in a context of political changeover. The shadowing method carried out with the city centre manager highlights the different facets of his power and the goals he pursues. In the same vein, the last part analyzes municipal acquisition of shops in two popular downtown districts and shows that the formel goal of retail diversification hides ambitions of social control on public and private spaces. In conclusion, this research contribues to documenting the links between market animation and urban production by studying the political and commercial work of town centre managers

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Stair, Charissa Ruth. « Using Brownfields to Think Green : Investigating Factors that Influence Community Decision-Making and Participation ». PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/584.

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Brownfield restoration and remediation is a growing concern across the United States. Brownfields are vacant or abandoned properties with real or perceived contamination. Successfully restoring these properties requires strong stakeholder collaboration, including the local community. The purpose of this study was to explore the complexities of creating a community garden on a residential brownfield site located in a low-income, high-minority neighborhood and to gain a better understanding of how a community based project develops and impacts individuals from the community. Specifically, the study investigated who chose to participate in the project, what motivated individuals to become involved and remain committed, and how individual's understanding of the project's risks and plans changed throughout his/her involvement. The case study followed 17 participants through the first year of the Emerson Street Garden, a brownfield restoration project in the King Neighborhood of northeast Portland, Oregon. Findings showed that individuals were attracted to different styles of outreach materials based on their own personality and preferences. The desire to improve the community was an important motivation for all the participants but personal motivation was not connected to knowledge retention. While the Emerson Working Group was successful at distributing knowledge to all its members, individual's flexibility to new ideas was critical for continued involvement in the working group. In conclusion, the study found that a "one-size-fits-all" method for engaging community members in urban restoration and renewal projects does not exist; however, there are best practices that can be applied to most situations. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.

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Codron, Émilia. « Entre accompagnement et activation des personnes éloignées de l'emploi issues des quartiers prioritaires : le cas du dispositif "Mobilisation Orientation vers l'Emploi" (MOVE) à Marseille ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0601.

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En se focalisant sur le dispositif Mobilisation orientation vers l’emploi (MOVE) déployé à Marseille, cette thèse s’attache à analyser le traitement institutionnel des personnes dites éloignées de l’emploi issues des quartiers prioritaires de la politique de la Ville (QPV). À partir d’une approche ethnographique couplée à des traitements statistiques, elle analyse ce que le dispositif produit, par-delà son objectif prescrit visant à faire le lien entre les personnes éloignées de l’emploi et le service public de l’emploi (SPE). La première partie replace le dispositif dans son contexte socio-historique. Conçu initialement par des centres sociaux soucieux de répondre à un besoin alors mal couvert, il est ensuite repris en main par les pouvoirs publics en vue de s’inscrire dans leurs interventions en matière d’insertion et d’emploi destinées aux QPV. La deuxième partie interroge les catégorisations du public cible, en les confrontant aux caractéristiques sociales des personnes effectivement reçues, qui cumulent les difficultés d’accès à l’emploi. Le recours au dispositif MOVE apparait comme le pendant d’un usage partiel et intermittent du SPE.La troisième partie analyse les valeurs et les pratiques des animateurs MOVE, en charge de la mise en œuvre du dispositif. Relevant de l'éducation populaire, ils les opposent fréquemment à celles des conseillers en insertion du SPE, alors même que l'observation révèle des situations de travail partenarial. Finalement, le dispositif MOVE permet de lutter contre le non-recours au SPE mais aussi d’œuvrer à l’extension du droit à un accompagnement plus adapté aux personnes reçues qui s’avèrent être bien souvent très vulnérables
Focusing on the MOVE program (Mobilization Orientation toward Employment) implemented in Marseille, this thesis analyzes the institutional treatment of people called “distant from employment” living in disadvantaged areas. Using an ethnographic method mixed with statistical analysis, it strives for understanding what the program produces, beyond its prescribed objective which is connecting people called “distant from employment” to the Employment Public Service. The first section contextualizes the program MOVE. Initially designed by community centers, then it is taken over by the institutions in charge of “politique de la Ville” and reframed in order to match with their own devices. Nevertheless, the program remains flexible, multi-stakeholder, and is able to adapt to local specificities. The second section questions the categorizations of the program’s target group, confronting them with the social characteristics of people who effectively use the program. It emerges that the use of the MOVE device is the counterpart of a partial and intermittent use of the public employment service.The third section analyzes the values and the practices of the facilitators in charge of implementing the program. They refer to values of “popular education”, and oppose them to those of the Employment Public Service’s counselors. The observation of their work in progress reveals in fact partnership practices. Ultimately, the MOVE program allows to struggle against non-recourse to Employment Public Service, but also to extend the right to a more adapted guidance for people who generally are vulnerable

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PIRES, VILAS BOAS VIOLETA. « Artistic actions in public spaces : towards an artistic urban practice ». Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/282362.

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Joubert, Didier. « Libertés, Droit, Désordres : les violences émeutières dans l'espace urbain, dynamique des phénomènes et organisation de la réponse sociale ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3021.

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L’objet de la recherche consiste à mettre en évidence que la prise en compte des violences émeutières requiert une évolution de l’environnement juridique et des méthodes de maintien de la paix publique hérités de notre histoire. Notre dispositif de gestion de l’ordre public est particulièrement adapté au modèle français de manifestation. C’est considérable et exemplaire à beaucoup d’égards mais cela ne peut clore le débat sur les formes de la réaction sociale nécessaires pour répondre aux différentes formes du répertoire de la protestation en particulier à la dynamique complexe des désordres émeutiers.Alors que la manifestation, son encadrement par les forces de sécurité intérieure et son environnement juridique ressortissent à la culture de l’organisation et de l’ordre, les violences émeutières relèvent, quant à elles, de comportements colériques naturels. Elles constituent un objet et un enjeu différents que traduisent notamment la récurrence des crises en milieu urbain et la difficulté d’y faire face de façon satisfaisante.Sur le plan opérationnel comme sur le plan juridique, l’éventail de la réponse aux désordres est particulièrement large, mais il traduit également un double embarras :• Les violences émeutières sont le plus souvent des violences d’expression. Qu’ils en soient conscients ou non, face à ces comportements, le juge et le politique se sont montrés fréquemment indulgents dans un contexte juridique où la liberté d’expression est un droit fondamental et la manifestation une conquête sans équivalent dans notre pays. Les réponses sociale et judiciaire se caractérisent donc par une mansuétude parfois légitime, parfois inadaptée mais souvent mal comprise.• Les modes d’action policiers et les outils du Droit façonnés par l’environnement juridique et la culture de la manifestation, peuvent se révéler inadaptés pour répondre aux émeutes urbaines et conduire à des évolutions aussi variées qu’inappropriées comme la banalisation du recours à des régimes juridiques d’exception et la sédimentation d’une culture d’affrontement entre police et population.Le concept retentissement / identification et l’analyse des colères rebelles et insoumises ouvrent la voie à une adaptation du droit et de la réponse sociale conciliant le respect des droits fondamentaux et le maintien de la paix publique dans l’espace urbain. Tel est l’enjeu de la dialectique « Libertés - Droit - désordres »
The object of the research is to highlight that rioting violence cannot be dealt with without an evolution of the legal framework and public-order policing inherited from our History. Our way to manage public-order policing is particularly suitable to our French traditional demonstration pattern. It is significant and exemplary in many respects but that alone cannot close the debate about the forms of social reaction that would be necessary to answer the various forms of the repertoire of protest especially the complex dynamics of rioting disorders.Even though the demonstration, its framing by the police and its legal framework are both an order issue and a cultural issue, rioting acts of violence are a natural irascible behaviour of the human nature. Riots are an object and an issue which translate into in recurring urban crises and the difficulty to satisfactorily deal with them.From an operational point of view and from a judicial one, there is a wide range of answers to the disorders but this results in a double embarrassment:• Riots are very often a means of expression. Consciously or not, the judge and the policy-maker have frequently been indulgent with these behaviours in a legal context in which freedom of expression is a fundamental human right and demonstrating a conquest without equivalent in our country. Social and judicial answers are characterized by indulgence, sometimes legitimate, sometimes inadequate and often ill-understood.• Policing and the tools of the law that were shaped by the legal framework and the culture of demonstration can prove to be inadequate to cope with urban riots and they can result in various as well as inappropriate answers like the trivialization of emergency legal schemes and the sedimentation of a culture of clash between people and the police.The repercussion and identification concept and the analysis of the rebel and unsubdued bouts of anger pave the way to an adaptation of the law and the social response aiming at balancing both the expression of the basic rights and the preservation of public peace in urban areas. This is what is at stake with the dialectics « Liberties – Law – Disorder »

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Guillon, Vincent. « Mondes de coopération et gouvernance culturelle dans les villes : une comparaison des recompositions de l'action publique culturelle à Lille, Lyon, Saint Etienne et Montréal ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675684.

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La culture se retrouve au coeur de stratégies de villes comme ressource mobilisée et articulée au sein de projets urbains, économiques et sociaux. Ainsi de nouveaux modèles et concepts apparaissent-ils, véhiculant un discours sur ses vertus territoriales : le cultural planning, la ville créative, la métropole culturelle, le quartier artistique, etc. La culture est alors considérée comme une dimension du développement territorial, faisant perdre au " secteur culturel " une partie de son autonomie. Ces recompositions de l'action publique culturelle sont directement liées à la formation de modes de gouvernance fondés sur une logique politique du territoire. Les principes conventionnels qu'ils génèrent mettent à l'épreuve les acteurs locaux et les équilibres préexistants. Du gouvernement de la culture à la gouvernance culturelle des villes, ce sont les mécanismes d'émergence et d'institutionnalisation de mondes de coopération spécifiques à Lille, Lyon, Saint-Étienne et Montréal qui sont ici observés. Cette thèse entend contribuer au débat sur la constitution des villes en acteurs collectifs, tel qu'il se configure à partir de l'action culturelle

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Oliveira, Lya Cynthia Porto de. « Redes, ideias e ação pública na agricultura urbana : São Paulo, Montreal e Toronto ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18224.

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This thesis deals with an analysis of different Urban Agriculture (UA) models of public action. The theoretical model adopted is the cognitive analysis of public action, based on Pierre Muller and Yves Surel, and the actor-network theory by Bruno Latour. The purpose of the thesis is to understand the relationship dynamics between ideas, organizations, networks of action and results in the field of UA public action. The results are understood as basic services for Urban Agriculture, that were defined according to the literature analysis in this field, and it can be offered by state and/or civil society organizations. Based on the literature review of 21 different cities, four different types of public action were identified. These types are formed by the intersection of modes of action of civil society and local government, and they have been termed as 'Marginal', 'Emerging', 'Society-driven', and 'State-driven'. To further understand each type of Urban Agriculture public action, it was carried out a multiple case study with three units of analysis, based on different types of public action. The municipality of São Paulo was selected to further understand the 'Emergent' type, to understand more broadly the 'Society-driven' type, it was selected the City of Montreal and, finally, the municipality of Toronto was chosen to better understand the 'State-driven' type. The research methodology is qualitative and more than 80 semi-structured interviews were carried out, besides document analysis, field visits and participant observation in gardens, political and social meetings of Urban Agriculture. The research demonstrates that, although UA started from different ideas and actions in each municipality, they have become increasingly similar and have mobilized actions in different sectors: community, social, economic and state. The forms of institutionalization of these ideas have also become more homogeneous and tend to be directed to the model of Toronto, where there is greater state support for Urban Agriculture. The results of public action, however, depend on both government actions and civil society. Thus, the municipalities of Montreal and Toronto have good structures for basic services directed to UA. Montreal achieved it due to its strong civil society, and Toronto due to its combination of governmental and non-governmental actions. However, while the city of Montreal needs better planning for this field, Toronto's public management needs to step up some actions to increase food productivity. The city of São Paulo has institutions and civil society under construction, and, although it has increased the structures for basic services directed to Urban Agriculture, it still presents different failures in some specific services.
Esta tese de doutorado trata de uma análise de diferentes modelos de ação pública de Agricultura Urbana (AU) em contextos distintos. O modelo teórico utilizado é a análise cognitiva da ação pública, de Pierre Muller e Yves Surel, e a teoria do ator-rede de Bruno Latour. O objetivo é compreender as dinâmicas da relação entre ideias, organizações, redes de ação e resultados no campo da ação pública de AU. Os resultados são compreendidos como serviços básicos para a Agricultura Urbana, definidos de acordo com uma análise da literatura do campo, podendo ser oferecidos por organizações estatais e/ou da sociedade civil. Com base na revisão da literatura de 21 cidades diferentes, foram identificados quatro tipos de ação pública distintos. Esses tipos são formados por meio da combinação dos modos de ação da sociedade civil e do governo local, e foram denominados como 'Marginal', 'Emergente', 'Societal' e 'Estatal'. Com o objetivo de aprofundar a compreensão de cada tipo de ação pública de Agricultura Urbana, foi realizado um estudo de caso múltiplo com três unidades de análise, que seguem tipos de ação pública diferentes. O município de São Paulo foi selecionado para aprofundar o tipo 'Emergente', o município de Montreal para aprofundar o tipo 'Societal' e o município de Toronto para compreender em melhor profundidade o tipo 'Estatal'. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa e ao todo foram realizadas mais de 80 entrevistas semiestruturadas, além de análise de documentos, visitas de campo e observação participante em hortas, encontros políticos e sociais de Agricultura Urbana. A pesquisa demonstra que, embora a AU tenha partido de ideias e ações distintas em cada município, elas têm se tornado cada vez mais homogêneas e têm mobilizado ações em rede em diferentes setores: comunitário, social, econômico e estatal. As formas de institucionalização dessas ideias também têm se tornado mais semelhantes e tendem a ser direcionadas ao modelo do município de Toronto, onde há maior apoio estatal para a Agricultura Urbana. Os resultados da ação pública, porém, dependem tanto de ações governamentais como da sociedade civil. Assim, os municípios de Montreal e Toronto têm boas estruturas de serviços básicos para AU. Montreal pelo fato de ter fortes ações da sociedade civil e Toronto pela combinação entre ações governamentais e não-governamentais. Porém, enquanto o município de Montreal necessita de melhores planejamentos para esse campo, a gestão pública de Toronto necessita intensificar suas ações para aumentar a produtividade de alimentos na cidade. Já o município de São Paulo, pelo fato de ter instituições e sociedade civil em construção, ascendeu muito nas estruturas de serviços básicos para a Agricultura Urbana, porém ainda apresenta muitas falhas em alguns serviços específicos.

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Vacchelli, Elena. « Appropriating Urban Publics : Spatial Politics and Women's Collective Action in Milan (1968-2008) ». Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518363.

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Delage, Aurelie. « La gare, assurance métropolitaine de la ville post-industrielle. : Le retournement de valeur dans les projets urbains de quartiers de gare, à Saint-Étienne Châteaucreux et Liège Guillemins (Belgique) ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20016.

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Construction socio-spatiale héritée du XIXe siècle ayant connu un déclin dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, les quartiers de gare centrale dans les villes occidentales sont un support récent et privilégié de l’action collective urbaine. Les projets urbains que ces gares cristallisent présentent des programmations récurrentes reposant sur la mixité fonctionnelle et une orientation tertiaire affirmée. Cette thèse interroge le retournement de valeur symbolique et économique de ces espaces autrefois dévalorisés et aujourd’hui prisés. Quelles sont les modalités de la fabrique urbaine, comment se noue l’interaction nécessaire entre des acteurs publics ne pouvant intervenir seuls sur ces secteurs fortement contraints (notamment techniquement), et des acteurs privés parfois réticents à s’engager sur des marchés qu’ils jugent risqués ? En adoptant une approche inductive et qualitative, ce travail de recherche analyse la conception et la mise en œuvre de deux projets urbains aux avancements contrastés en raison de leviers d’action ou, au contraire, de points de blocages différents, dans deux anciennes villes minières devant négocier le tournant de la désindustrialisation (Saint-Étienne et Liège). Au terme de l’analyse, l’hypothèse d’une valeur assurantielle de la gare dans ces projets urbains est validée : en tant que ferment métropolitain vecteur de fortes potentialités, la gare centrale desservie par un train à grande vitesse est la condition de possibilité permettant d’enclencher non seulement la décision des acteurs publics mais aussi celle des acteurs privés, au premier rang desquels les promoteurs immobiliers, acteurs clés à l’interface entre l’action publique et l’investissement privé
The railway station areas of the 19th Century were a reflection of the Industrial revolution. Following a period of decay after the Second World War, the urban renewal of these areas is now one of the main concerns of local governments in European cities. In addition to a new railway station served by high speed trains, these urban projects are often based on functional diversity, including a business district.This thesis addresses the reversal of urban value in these specific urban areas, exploring how they have moved from repelling to attractive places. How do public and private actors interact, when the former cannot act alone in places constrained by physical barriers due to a lack of funding, and the latter are not inclined to invest in what they consider to be risky places?Our approach is both inductive and qualitative. The comparison of two projects in French and Belgian shrinking cities (Saint-Etienne, near Lyons, and Liège, near Brussels) allows us to understand what the levers for action are, and conversely what the bottlenecks are that slow down the implementation of the urban project around the station.As the result of our analysis, the railway station appears to be a positive and necessary factor for the reversal of urban value in these areas. It is a kind of insurance – in the same way as metropolitan areas create potentiality in the productive economy – both for public actors, as the railway station facilitates their mobilisation, and private ones, especially property developers, who are key elements in the relationship between public action and private investment

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Vaslin, Julie. « Esthétique propre : la mise en administration des graffitis à Paris : 1977-2017 ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2096.

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Dans cette thèse, le graffiti désigne, négativement, toute pratique d’inscription murale qui contribue à altérer l’« ordre esthétique » d’une ville, produit par les pouvoirs publics. Cette expression permet de désigner d’un côté l’ordre, c’est-à-dire le pouvoir politique, que l’inscription d’un graffiti sur un mur vient troubler. De l’autre la dimension esthétique de ce pouvoir, c’est-à-dire quelque chose qui dépasse la simple régulation de l’expression politique et s’inscrit, plus largement, dans le gouvernement des espaces publics. Ainsi défini, le graffiti n’est pas seulement analysé comme un message, une déviance, un dommage aux biens, une pratique culturelle ou un art, mais il devient un concept opératoire pour la science politique. Cette définition en termes de « désordre esthétique » permet d’interroger les dispositifs d’action publique qui contribuent à produire l’ordre esthétique propre à la ville. Elle permet aussi de questionner les catégorisations, les problèmes véhiculés par ces dispositifs ainsi que leurs effets sur la construction du sens commun, sur les représentations associées au graffiti, et surtout sur l’aspect physique, matériel, et donc esthétique de la ville.Inscrite dans la perspective d’une socio-histoire de l’action publique, cette thèse retrace l’histoire de la « mise en administration » du graffiti à Paris, la production d’un « ordre esthétique » dans cette ville de 1977 à 2017. À Paris, la municipalité administre ces peintures comme des « souillures » à travers des dispositifs d’effacement portés par les politiques de propreté, mais aussi comme des objets culturels à travers des dispositifs d’encadrement culturel, portés par différents domaines d’action publique (aménagement, culture, tourisme). En retraçant la genèse des dispositifs de répression et de promotion des graffitis au sein de l’administration parisienne, cette thèse propose de comprendre la manière dont s’articulent plusieurs domaines d’action publique et d’analyser la construction municipale d’un problème du graffiti. Dommage aux biens, nuisance visuelle, facteur du sentiment d’insécurité, culture populaire ou art urbain symbole de la vitalité artistique de Paris, le graffiti est un problème public qui, de 1977 à 2017, connaît plusieurs redéfinitions dans lesquelles les acteurs publics municipaux jouent des rôles variables. S’appuyant sur des archives, des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations et des photographies, ce travail s’attache à rendre compte de la variété de ces rôles, des conditions de la redéfinition du problème et ses mises à l’agenda successives. Au cœur de cette socio-histoire de la « mise en administration » du graffiti, une hypothèse : la saisie du graffiti par les acteurs municipaux est révélatrice de l’ambition municipale de monopoliser la définition légitime du « bel » espace public, de l’image de la Ville, au propre comme au figuré. L’enjeu de la thèse est alors de mettre en lumière les conditions historiques, sociales et politiques de la construction de cette légitimité.La démonstration s’organise en deux parties qui retracent chronologiquement la genèse des deux facettes du problème public qui se construit autour du graffiti. Dans la première partie, on montre la manière dont les pouvoirs publics norment l’esthétique des espaces urbains à travers les politiques de propreté qui font du graffiti le résultat d’un acte déviant, une source de désordre. La seconde partie analyse la manière dont différentes actions culturelles promeuvent progressivement certaines formes de graffitis et opèrent ainsi une normalisation de l’esthétique urbaine. Il s’agit finalement de montrer quels comment les acteurs urbains organisent le contrôle de l’esthétique urbaine, quels sont les enjeux sociaux et politiques contenus dans la production d’un certain « ordre esthétique »
In this PhD, the “graffiti” refers negatively to every practice of wall/mural inscription, which contributes to degrade the “aesthetic order of a city produced by the public authorities. This expression encompasses both the notion of order, that is the political power which is troubled by any graffiti and the aesthetic dimension of this power, something that overtakes the only public expression regulation and is part of the broader government of public spaces. With such a definition, graffiti refers not only to a message, a deviance, a degradation, a cultural practice or even an art, but it also becomes an operating concept for a political science study. This definition as an « aesthetic disorder » leads us to examine the public policies measures which contribute to produce an aesthetic order proper to the city. This reflection also allows to question categorisations, public problems and their effects on common sense constructions, graffiti representations and on the physical, material, aesthetic aspect of the city.As a socio-historical study on public policies, this PhD traces the history of the graffitis’ “administrativisation” in Paris, the production of an aesthetic order in this city from 1977 to 2017. The local council of Paris regulates those paintings as stains, through cleaning policies, with erasure measures, but it also regulates graffitis as cultural objects, through many cultural measures, carried by different sectors of the administration (urban planning, cultural and touristic policies). Tracing the genesis of those measures in the public local administration, we try to understand how the coherence between several administration areas is built, and we show how the graffiti becomes a public problem in this context. Degradation, visual pollution, source of insecurity, popular culture or urban art: from 1977 to 2017, the public problem of “graffiti” has been built around several definitions by local actors. Based on archives, interviews, observations and photographs, this work attempts to outline the diversity of the public local actors’ roles, the problem redefinition’s conditions and its successive agenda settings. In this socio-history of the graffiti’s “administrativisation”, our hypothesis is the following: the graffiti seizure by local authorities is revealing their ambition to monopolise a legitim definition of “the beautiful” public space, a legitim city image. The aim of this PhD is then to identify this legitimacy construction, its historical, social and political conditions of appearance. The demonstration is built on two parts, tracing chronologically the history of two aspects of the graffiti public problem. First, we clarify how local public authorities try to standardize (to norm) the aesthetic of public spaces through cleaning policies that tag the graffiti as a deviance, a source of disorder. Secondly, this analyse will focus on how different public cultural measures progressively promote some forms of graffitis and lead to a normalisation of the urban aesthetic. Finally, we show how urban actors organise the control of urban aesthetic, and which are the social and political issues hold into the production of a certain aesthetic order

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Bonneval, Émilie Catherine Marie de. « Contribution à une sociologie politique de la jeunesse : jeunes, ordre politique et contestation au Burkina Faso ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40016/document.

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Malgré leur position défavorable dans les hiérarchies du pouvoir, les jeunesjouent un rôle majeur dans les processus de changement sociopolitique qui ontcours dans la société burkinabè. Ce groupe social semble alors constituer un outilefficace d’analyse du politique et, plus précisément, des rapports de contestation etde domination qui sont à l’oeuvre au Burkina Faso. En effet, les jeunes développentde multiples stratégies d’inscription dans l’espace public qui constituent, à desdegrés et selon des modalités différentes, des formes de contestation de l’ordrepolitique. Ainsi, en nous appuyant sur trois catégories de jeunesse (les étudiantssyndiqués, les jeunes des rues et les jeunes rappeurs ou adeptes de hip-hop), nousavons cherché à interroger, dans une perspective diachronique, la nature desrapports de domination à l’oeuvre dans la société burkinabè. Nous constatons quela portée limitée de ces formes de contestation de l’ordre établi s’explique engrande partie par le contexte hégémonique dans lequel elles s’inscrivent. Ainsi, lesressorts de la domination caractéristiques de l’ordre politique actuel reposent,selon nous, sur une « politique de la médiation » et sur une stratégie de« cooptation néo-patrimoniale » qui permettent le désamorçage des tensions et lerèglement des conflits, selon des procédures bien précises, avec pour objectif lapréservation de l’image consensuelle de l’ordre politique. Ces deux dimensionsconstituent, selon nous, les piliers d’une « culture politique » qui irradie unemultitude d’espaces sociaux et qui permet un échange médiatisé et permanent entredirigeants et dirigés
In spite of their unfavourable position in the hierarchies of power, youngpeople play a major role in the processes of social political change, which occur inthe Burkina Faso society. Hence, this social group seems to be a good instrumentto efficiently analyse policy, and moreover the processes of contestation anddomination at work in Burkina Faso. Indeed, young people develop numerousstrategies carried out in public places, which to varying degrees and termsconstitute forms of contestation against the political order. Thus by relying onthree categories of youth (unionised students, street youth, and young rappers orfollowers of the hip-hop movement), we sought to examine in a diachronicperspective, the nature of relationships of dominance at work in the Burkina Fasosociety. We find that the limited impact of these forms of contestations against theestablished order can be largely explained by the hegemonic context in which theyarise. Therefore, in our mind, the characteristic domination of the current politicalorder are based on “the strategies of mediation” and “neo-patrimonial cooptation”,which diffuse tensions and regulate conflicts, according to very precise procedures,with the aim to preserve the consensual image of the political culture. In ouropinion, these two dimensions constitute the pillars of a “political culture”, whichspreads out from a multitude of social spaces and creates a permanent, mediatisedexchange between rulers and those who are ruled

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Steinmetz, Hélène. « Produire des petits propriétaires ? Les HLM et l’accession à la propriété, 1953-2010 ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20099.

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Aujourd’hui, le terme de logement social est généralement associé en France à l’activité de construction et de gestion locative réalisée par les organismes HLM. Depuis l’invention des Habitations à Bon Marché à la fin du 19ème siècle, le contenu de cette catégorie n’a cependant cessé d’évoluer. La diversité des acteurs qui sont à l’origine de l’émergence du logement social et la multiplicité des causes qu’ils défendent ont été étudiées par les travaux portant sur les « réformateurs sociaux » au tournant du 20ème siècle. Mais ces questions sont peu traitées par les recherches historiques et sociologiques qui portent sur le mouvement HLM depuis les années 1950. Cette thèse entend donc examiner la recomposition des frontières du secteur du logement social depuis cette date en se penchant sur la diversité interne du mouvement HLM et sur les rapports de force qui le traversent. Pour cela, elle prend pour objet principal des acteurs minoritaires parmi les élites dirigeantes de ce mouvement : les promoteurs et spécialistes de l’accession dite « sociale » à la propriété. Elle analyse les processus qui rendent cette activité plus ou moins légitime selon les périodes, qui font évoluer son cadre juridique, et modifient les pratiques économiques auxquelles renvoie ce terme. A partir d’un travail réalisé à partir de sources écrites (dépouillement d’archives publiques et de publications du mouvement HLM), d’une enquête de terrain menée auprès de responsables nationaux de fédérations professionnelles ainsi que de dirigeants d’organismes, complétée par des sources statistiques, cette thèse cherche ainsi à rompre avec une vision homogénéisante du secteur du logement social, comme institution et groupe d’acteurs aux intérêts et aux positions unifiées
Social housing is a term usually associated in France with the building and the management of rental housing by the organisations of « Habitations à Loyer modéré » in France. However, since the creation of these institutions at the end of the 19th century, the meaning of the term « social housing » as kept evolving. The diversity of the actors who contributed to the institutionnalisation of a social housing sector, and of their discording views on the form it shoud take, has been thoroughly studied by research on social reformers at the turn of the 20th century. By contrast, these questions have been little studied by sociological or historical research on social housing since the 1950’s. This research aims at analyzing how the frontiers of the social housing sector have evolved since then, taking into account the inner diversity of the HLM movement, and the power struggles which characterizes this institution. To that purpose, it focuses on a specific category of actors, which hold a minority situation in the HLM movement, the promoters of « social » home-ownership. It analyzes the processes through which this specific activity gains or loses legitimacy in this institution, the evolution of its legal framework and of its economic content. Relying on a the study of public archives, on a fieldwork conducted on the political and economic elites of the HLM movement, and on the use of statistical data, this research aims at breaking with the homogeneous image which is often given of this institution, too often seen as a unified interest group

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Ulriksen, Moretti Constanza. « L’action publique en faveur des quartiers défavorisés au Chili (2006-2010) : généalogie et développement des nouvelles approches territoriale et participative ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20123/document.

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Une des priorités des gouvernements chiliens entre 1990 et 2005 était la réduction du déficit de logements. Les progrès ont été significatifs sur le plan quantitatif mais pas sur le qualitatif. Dans ce contexte, la première administration Bachelet a mis en place la Nouvelle politique du logement et d’amélioration de la qualité et l'intégration sociale, qui comprend le premier programme de réhabilitation des quartiers vulnérables, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). Une première étape d’étude reconstruit la généalogie et formulation du PQMB et une deuxième examine le développement, notamment à partir d’une étude de cas de deux quartiers. Les résultats indiquent qu’une intégration sociale à l’intérieur des territoires a primé sur une intégration sociale urbaine des quartiers par rapport au reste de la ville. PQMB apparaît comme un programme participatif d’amélioration d’espaces publiques, résultat qui renferme un processus dialectique provenant des décisions et des pratiques de tous les acteurs impliqués. PQMB a toutefois réussi à changer le référentiel des politiques de logement, de la satisfaction de la quantité à la considération de standards de qualité, ainsi qu’à introduire la participation comme un processus indispensable. Plutôt qu’une approche territoriale globale on observe une territorialisation des dépenses publiques, n’étant jamais suffisante pour répondre à la complexité du problème. Nous identifions ainsi trois impératifs pour la réhabilitation chilienne des quartiers défavorisés : le développement d’un système d’appui institutionnel collaboratif, riche et varié, un véritable travail interdisciplinaire, et une pratique d’échanges permanents entre chercheurs et praticiens
One of the Chilean governments priorities between 1990 and 2005 was the reduction of the housing deficit. Progress has been significant quantitatively, but not qualitatively. In this context, the first Bachelet administration has implemented New housing policy of quality improvement and social integration, which includes the first rehabilitation program for distressed neighborhoods, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). A first research stage reconstructs the genealogy and formulation of the PQMB, and a second examines its development, in particular through a case study of two neighborhoods. The results show that a social integration within the territories took precedence over an urban social integration of the neighborhoods in relation to the rest of the city. PQMB appears as a participatory program to improve public spaces, which contains a dialectical process coming from the decisions and practices of all actors involved. However, PQMB has achieved a paradigm shift from quantity to quality in terms of Chilean housing policies, as well as the introduction of citizen participation as an indispensable process. Rather than a comprehensive territorial approach, a territorialization of public spending is observed, which is nonetheless never sufficient to tackle the complexity of the problem. We thus identify three imperatives for the Chilean rehabilitation of disadvantaged neighborhoods: the development of a collaborative institutional support system, rich and varied; a real interdisciplinary work; and a permanent exchange between researchers and practitioners
Una de las prioridades de los gobiernos chilenos entre 1990 y 2005 fue la reducción del déficit habitacional. Los progresos han sido significativos en el plano cuantitativo, pero no así en el cualitativo. En este contexto, la primera administración de Bachelet implementó la Nueva Política Habitacional de Mejoramiento de la Calidad y la Integración Social, que incluye el primer programa de recuperación de barrios vulnerables, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). Una primera etapa de investigación reconstruye la genealogía y formulación del PQMB, y una segunda examina su desarrollo, particularmente a partir de un estudio de caso de dos barrios. Los resultados indican que una integración social al interior de los territorios primó por sobre una integración social urbana de los barrios respecto al resto de la ciudad. El PQMB aparece como un programa participativo de mejoramiento de espacios públicos, resultado que encierra un proceso dialéctico derivado de las decisiones y prácticas de todos los actores implicados. No obstante, el PQMB logró cambiar el referencial de las políticas habitacionales, de la satisfacción de la cantidad a la consideración de estándares de calidad, así como también introducir la participación como un proceso indispensable. En lugar de un enfoque territorial integral, se observa una territorialización del gasto público que nunca es suficiente para satisfacer la complejidad del problema. La tesis identifica tres imperativos para la recuperación de barrios vulnerables en Chile: el desarrollo de un sistema de apoyo institucional y de colaboración, rico y variado, un auténtico trabajo interdisciplinario, y una práctica de intercambio permanente entre investigadores y profesionales ejecutores

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McIntosh, Tera Lynn. « Show and Tell : Using Restorative Practices and Asset Based Community Development to Address Issues of Safety and Violence ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1355253798.

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Hamidi, Fatemeh. « REVITALISING URBAN SPACE, AN ANT-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THREE REDESIGNED PUBLIC SPACES IN ROSENGÅRD ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23104.

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Public space functions are essential for society to function because they can support social exchanges and building public life. This master thesis is a study of public life that unfolds in the setting of three redesigned public spaces in Rosengård, including Bokalerna, Rosens Röda Matta, and Rosengård Centrum. Drawing on a conceptual toolbox developed from a territorial actor-network theory (ANT) I examine the socio-material exchanges that take place because of the redesigned materialities of space and explore their impact on the quality of the selected public places. I employ qualitative methods - visual ethnography and interviews - to address the questions of 1) how material topographies mediate social exchange and 2) What actors or events are important for assembling everyday sociality in the selected three public spaces.I made use of six operative concepts of anchors, base camps, multicore and monocore spaces, tickets and rides, ladders, and finally punctiform, linear and field seating to explore their impact on the quality of the selected public places in terms of affording or hindering social exchanges. My field observations of the three sites and interviews indicate that the Rosengård Centrum accommodate a more pronounced public life compared the other, and perhaps the most popular one in the district. The programmed materialities and multiple points of organised activities allow space to facilitate heterogeneous clusterings of humans and non-human entities and the formation of a diverse collective. Moreover, the organization of a mixture of monocore and multicore space in combination with sheltered anchor spots appears to be essential for assembling and stabilising human collectives and everyday sociality in Rosengård.My findings suggest that, while many of the discussions in the literature concentrate on centres of cities or large metropolitan areas, much could still be learned from a thorough study of public spaces at a finer scale and neighbourhood level.

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Kim, Kyungwoo. « Effects of Disasters on Local Climate Actions : Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Actions ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062866/.

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This dissertation investigates the effects of natural disasters and political institutions on municipalities' climate change policies. Although most theoretical frameworks on policy adoption highlight the roles of extreme events as exogenous factors influencing policy change, most studies tend to focus on the effects of extreme events on policy change at the national level. Additionally, the existing theoretical frameworks explaining local policy adoption and public service provision do not pay attention to the roles of extreme events in local governments' policy choices. To fill those gaps, this dissertation explores the roles of natural disasters and political institutions on municipal governments' climate change policies. It does this by applying the theory of focusing events to local climate mitigation and adaptation actions. Based on the policy change framework, the political market model, and the institutional collective action frameworks, this dissertation develops and tests hypotheses to examine the effects of natural disasters and political institutions on municipalities' climate mitigation and adaptation policies. The dissertation uses 2010 National League of Cities (NLC) sustainability surveys and the 2010 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) sustainability survey to test the hypotheses. Analytical results show that floods and droughts influence local climate change policies and suggest that local governments can take advantage of extreme events when initiating a policy change. The results also suggest that political institutions can shape the effects of natural disasters on municipalities' climate mitigation and adaptation actions.

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Silva, Débora Bernardo da. « A conviccção política e a responsabilidade técnica no governo da administração popular : um estudo sobre as divergências, inovações e desafios no planejamento urbano de Porto Alegre ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72486.

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Esta tese analisa a existência ou não de consenso que os técnicos, ligados à Secretaria de Planejamento Municipal, e os políticos, com cargo de confiança pelo Governo da Administração Popular, demonstraram ter nas ações de planejamento urbano, durante os dezesseis anos (1989 -2004), nos quais a cidade de Porto Alegre foi governada por esta administração. Adotando a teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas, a tese pretende, através do entendimento dos próprios atores envolvidos, analisar a mudança nos rumos do planejamento urbano que, até então, havia se caracterizado como uma ação físico-territorial e de controle urbano. A pesquisa analisa as principais políticas urbanas que este Governo realizou: o Orçamento Participativo, a regularização fundiária nos setores informais da cidade, o processo de formulação do 2º PDDUA e as respectivas ações de planejamento urbano. O estudo investiga também as motivações políticas e ideológicas e a possibilidade de entendimento intersubjetivo entre os atores. A pesquisa identificou que, somente através do diálogo-consenso entre a tradição técnica em urbanismo e planejamento urbano, de um lado, e a opção pela participação popular e a prioridade de investimentos urbanos nos setores carentes de infraestrutura urbana, de outro, foi possível avançar em práticas realmente participativas e justas de planejamento urbano em Porto Alegre.
This thesis analyzes the existence or not of a consensus held by technicians working for the Department of City Planning and politicians in positions of trust in the Popular Administration Government during the development of urban planning actions in the sixteen years (1989-2004) of Popular Administration rule in Porto Alegre. Using Haberma‟s Theory of Communicative Action, this thesis intends to analyze the changes in urban planning policy, which up until then had been characterized by physical-territorial action and urban control, through the understanding of the individuals involved in the making of such policies. This research analyzes the main urban policies adopted by the government: Participatory Budgeting, the regularization of informal sectors, the development of the 2nd PDDUA and urban planning actions. The study also investigates the political and ideological motivations behind such actions, as well as the possibility of intersubjective understanding between players. The research identified that only through a consensus dialogue between the technical part of urban planning, popular participation and the focus on investments in urban sectors that lack appropriate infrastructure was it possible to develop practices for urban planning in Porto Alegre that were participatory and fair.

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Schuchter, Joseph. « Enabling Healthy Urban Planning in Northern Kentucky : The Case of School Siting ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276978380.

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Crane, Melanie. « Evaluation of the impact of new bicycle infrastructure on the quality of life of urban communities ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16302.

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Cycling infrastructure, separated from road traffic, may encourage greater uptake of bicycle commuting in the population. It is not yet known if and how the provision of bicycle paths might impact not only individual health, but community wellbeing more broadly. The opportunity arose to evaluate a new urban cycleway in inner Sydney, Australia as part of the Sydney Travel and Health Study (STAHS). Subjective quality of life (QoL) and other health and transport outcomes were evaluated using a quasi-experimental design. Residents living in the intervention and comparison area were surveyed at baseline, 4 and 16 months post-construction. A mixed methods approach, including before-and-after interviews and intercept survey was used to explore the causal pathway. Cycling, at least weekly for any purpose was positively associated with better physical and psychological outcomes. Evaluation of the new cycleway revealed positive outcomes in terms of greater cycling frequency and improved social capital in the short-term; changes in QoL and physical activity were not observed. The behavioural change process provides some explanation for these findings, primarily, that community acceptance of new urban bicycle infrastructure take time to develop before bicycle commuting is adopted. Quality of life is a long-term outcome, and also takes time to manifest. In conclusion, new bicycle infrastructure has potential to affect QoL and other health outcomes. The association between cycling and QoL is clear, and the benefits of frequent cycling, such as commuting to work by bicycle, have an unequivocal positive impact on our wellbeing. Bicycle infrastructure has an important place in encouraging cycling in the population, yet before this translates to community health benefit, negative attitudes toward cycling need to be overcome, supportive transport policies implemented and network of cycleways constructed.

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Wicher, Neto Hélio. « O polo gerador de tráfego : a política do automóvel em São Paulo por meio da análise de um instrumento da ação pública ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Silvana Maria Zioni
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2016.
Com objetivo de contribuir com as explicações que tratam do estágio das condições de mobilidade urbana de São Paulo, esta pesquisa teve como objeto um instrumento de ação pública da política de mobilidade urbana da Prefeitura de São Paulo: o Polo Gerador de Tráfego (PGT). Os achados permitem argumentar que os mecanismos presentes no instrumento, com filiação na abordagem tradicional da engenharia de transportes, reforçam e incentivam o uso do automóvel como padrão normativo de deslocamento ao promover a construção de vagas de estacionamento e solicitar medidas que visam dar fluidez ao trânsito, indo de encontro aos objetivos declarados do instrumento. Tais mecanismos, contudo, são encontrados em outras searas da política urbana de São Paulo, como nos requisitos mínimos de garagem presentes na legislação urbanística de uso e ocupação do solo, indicando que as ideias e os legados que se estruturam a partir da chegada do automóvel na cidade tiveram repercussões para além das burocracias que cuidam do trânsito (CET) e do transporte (SPTrans). Tais evidências foram, então, abordadas a partir das ideias por trás da ação estatal para acomodar o carro na cidade a transição operada no conceito de mobilidade ¿, revela a dimensão da política de mobilidade voltada para o automóvel. Em seguida, a trajetória da política é refeita a partir dos planos urbanísticos e de transportes que marcaram a história da política de mobilidade de São Paulo, buscando revelar a política do automóvel que subjaz às decisões e não decisões das burocracias e atores políticos à frente do Estado e de seus legados. O PGT é, nesse sentido, devidamente contextualizado no arco de mudanças e permanências da política de mobilidade e seu papel é objeto de reflexão a partir da análise das normas que o regulamentam, seus mecanismos de funcionamento e sua aplicação.
In order to contribute to the explanations that deal with the stage of urban mobility conditions of São Paulo, the research came from an analysis of a public action instrument of São Paulo municipality urban mobility policy - the Polo Traffic Generator (PGT). The findings can argue that the mechanisms present in the instrument, with membership in the traditional approach to transportation engineering, reinforce and encourage the use of the automobile as a normative standard to offset once it promotes the construction of parking spaces and require measures to improve transit fluidity, opposing to the declared objectives of the instrument. Such mechanisms, however, are found in other fields of urban policy in São Paulo, as the minimum requirements garage present in the urban legislation of land use and occupation, which indicates that the ideas and legacy structured from the car arrival in the city had repercussions beyond the bureaucracies that take care of the traffic (CET) and transport (SPTrans). Such evidence, then, were approached from the ideas behind the state action to fit the car in the city - the transition in mobility concept reveals the dimension of the mobility policy for the automobile. Then the trajectory of the policy is resumed from urban plans and transportation that have marked the history of mobility policy in São Paulo, seeking to reveal the auto policy that underlies the decisions and non-decisions of bureaucracies and political actors ahead of State and his legacy. The PGT is then properly contextualized in the arc of change and continuities of mobility policy and its role is the object of reflection from a careful analysis of the rules that regulate, its operating mechanisms and the instrument application.

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Gama, Maria Ana Correia de Oliveira. « Envelhecimento activo em áreas periurbanas. Aplicação de uma metodologia participativa com vista a maximizar o contributo da Arquitectura Paisagista na melhor adaptação do espaço público às necessidades da população idosa ». Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11161.

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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
This master thesis draws a contribution to evaluate the use of public spaces by the elderly population in peri-urban areas in order to plan and design public spaces better suited to the needs of its users and thus contribute to active aging. This study allows Landscape Architecture to work for the community by developing a methodology that has combined several methods. Information about the physical component of a place as well as its users, activities and the perception of themselves was gathered. The Parish of Moita, included in the category of peri-urban areas presenting a high rate of aging, was chosen as a case study. The potential and the framework of the parish within the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon were also considered in the selection process. The developed methodology allows the achieved outcomes to become recommendations taking into account users needs. It is also presented a proposal for intervention to one of the public spaces whose solutions aimed at increasing the quality of the space, resulting in the well-being and greater life satisfaction of the elderly population

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Galhardo, Jacques. « Effets et usages du patrimoine urbain. Processus de territorialisation et actions publiques dans le quartier de la Mouraria (Lisbonne) ». Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR1501/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l’analyse des processus de patrimonialisation et des différentes transactions entre un ensemble d’acteurs publics, dans le cadre d’une intervention municipale. Celle-ci s’est déroulée entre 2010 et 2014 dans une partie du centre ancien de Lisbonne désigné par « quartier de la Mouraria ». Il s’agit de comprendre comment une action publique patrimoniale trouve dans l’échelle d’un quartier populaire ancien les ressources nécessaires à des arrangements entre les acteurs publics. Mais c’est aussi l’occasion de comprendre comment, dans une « scène publique » traversée par les controverses et les conflits entre ces mêmes acteurs, ces derniers participent simultanément à la construction de formes variées d’engagement et de partenariat autour d’un projet complexe de réhabilitation/requalification. L’analyse des usages des ressources mémorielles et patrimoniales permet à la fois de comprendre la construction d’une territorialité spécifique et son intégration dans les normes et les stratégies urbaines. La recherche permet aussi de saisir les effets réflexifs de cette forme de territorialisation sur la fabrique de la ville
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyse the process of heritage policy and the different exchanges between public actors, within the framework of a town council intervention. The latter occurred between 2010 and 2014 in part of the old Lisbon city centre known as “the Mouraria neighbourhood”. The purpose is to understand how a public policy for heritage finds the necessary resources for arrangements between the public players at the level of an old popular neighbourhood. But this is also an opportunity to know how those very same players take part in the building of various forms of commitment and partnership around a challenging project of rehabilitation / requalification on a “public” stage swept by controversies and conflicts between them. Not only does analysing the use of heritage and memories resources enable to understand how to build a specific territoriality but also how to integrate it into the norms of urban strategies. This research also enables to grasp the reflexive effects of this form of territorialisation on the making of cities

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Omeragic, Ena, Amanda Vogiatzi et Nikki Danielsson. « 4,8 miljoner kronor : ur ett verksamhetsteoretiskt perspektiv ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45157.

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Sammanfattning Enligt Migrationsverket har andelen invandrare i Sverige ökat avsevärt de senaste åren vilket har lett till att vissa stadsområden fått ekonomiska och sociala problem. För att förbättra utsatta stadsområden slöt regeringen år 2007 ett avtal med nio kommuner i landet. Växjö kommun var en av dem som ingick i avtalet och år 2013 blev kommunen tilldelad 4,8 miljoner kronor i prestationsbaserade medel. Araby är en utsatt stadsdel i Växjö där alltfler blir bidragsberoende och behöver jobb. För att stärka arabybornas levnadsvillkor driver kommunen ett stadsutvecklingsarbete. De 4,8 miljoner kronorna som Växjö kommun blev tilldelade beslutades att gå till projekt riktade mot arabyborna med Växjö kommun som samordnare. Syftet med uppsatsen var att genom användandet av verksamhetsteorins modell, öka förståelsen av hur en offentlig samordnare av ett utvecklingsarbete påverkar de projekt som är involverade. För att uppfylla vårt syfte hade vi först en ostrukturerad intervju där vi också fick tillgång till dokument för att få övergripande förförståelse av Araby stadsutvecklingsarbete. Därefter genomfördes fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fyra av de projektledare som blev tilldelade pengar av de 4,8 miljonerna. Resultatet vi fick fram visar på att Växjö kommun som offentliga samordnare av Araby stadsutvecklingsarbete påverkar projekten på olika sätt, bland annat genom att de satte riktlinjerna i form av övergripande mål för arbetet som skulle genomföras av projekten, mängden pengar varje projekt blir tilldelade, regler i form av krav och kriterier samt hur samarbetet ska gå till mellan Växjö kommun och projekten. Vår uppsats speglar en studie där projektledarna anser att Växjö kommun endast har haft en liten påverkan på dem och deras arbete, något som varit väldigt uppskattat ur projektledarnas synvinkel. I och med det visar denna uppsats hur offentliga aktörers påverkan på projekten varit positivt enligt projektledarna.
The proportion of immigrants in Sweden has increased considerably in recent years and as a result some districts have economic and social problems. To improve the vulnerable urban areas with these issues, the government signed an agreement back in 2007 with nine municipalities of Sweden. One of the municipalities that signed that agreement was Växjö. In the year of 2014 Växjö was allocated 4.8 million Swedish crowns in performance-based funding by the government. Araby is a district in Växjö municipality where more and more people have become dependent on subsidy and in need of jobs. In order to strengthen the residents' living conditions in Araby, the municipality has an urban development work. The 4.8 million crowns that Växjö were assigned, was decided to go to projects targeting the residents of Araby with Växjö Municipality as a coordinator. The purpose of this paper is through the use of the activity theory model, increase the understanding of how a public coordinator of an urban development work affects the projects involved. In order to fulfill our purpose we have had an unstructured interview and access to documents in order to obtain comprehensive understanding of the Araby urban development work. This was followed by four structured interviews with four of the project managers that were assigned funds of the 4.8 million crowns. The interview questions were based on the activity theory. The results we concluded show that the municipality of Växjö as a public coordinator of Araby urban development work affects the projects in various ways. The municipality of Växjö has affected the projects through setting guidelines in terms of overall objectives for the work to be carried out of the projects the amount of money each project is assigned, rules in terms of requirements and criteria, just to name a few. Our essay shows a case in which the projects considers that the municipality of Växjö only has a small impact on them and their work, something that has been highly appreciated among the project managers. This shows how public actors influence on the projects has been positive according to the project managers.

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Cardoso, Sandro Ouriques. « Ações-dispositivo : estratégias de intervenção política no espaço público ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133187.

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A presente pesquisa se estabelece junto a um processo investigativo que inter-relaciona prática artística e produção textual. Consiste na reflexão produzida a partir da realização de três proposições no campo da intervenção urbana desenvolvidas entre 2013 e 2015 nas cidades de Porto Alegre/RS, Juazeiro do Norte/CE e Caxias do Sul/RS. Toma como fio condutor a análise de trabalhos instaurados a partir de e em relação a monumentos públicos e equipamentos urbanos associados a imagens e objetos cotidianos. Ao se inscreverem no espaço público, essas práticas artísticas evidenciam problemáticas específicas desse lugar atravessado por diversos agenciamentos e tensões e que demanda constantes reelaborações de métodos e de posicionamentos pelo artista-pesquisador. Compreendidos como ações-dispositivo, esses trabalhos se propõem como ações políticas ao evidenciar a importância das formas de inserção contextual e das relações estabelecidas entre público e obra em práticas de intervenção urbana. Como desdobramento, a análise aborda questões relacionadas ao estatuto da imagem fotográfica enquanto registro processual que articula noções de obra e documento.
This research is established as an investigation process that relates artistic practice and textual production. It consists of a reflection upon three propositions on the field of urban intervention that were developed between 2013 and 2015 in the cities of Porto Alegre/RS, Juazeiro do Norte/CE and Caxias do Sul/RS. Its core is the analysis of works that are made on and in relation to public monuments and urban equipments associated to images and everyday objects. When inscribed in the public space, these artistic practices make evident some specific typical problems of this space, which is crossed by various kinds of intermediations and tensions. It demands, therefore, constant changes in methods and position takings by the artist-researcher. Understood as device-actions, these works are political actions for their capacity of making evident the importance of contextual insertion ways and of the relations established between the public and works in urban interventions. As a consequence, the analysis brings up questions related to the statute of the image as a processual register that links the notions of work and document.

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Markou, Efstathia-Efi. « La décentralisation industrielle en France dans le premier XXe siècle : du mot d’ordre réformateur à l’aménagement du territoire ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0023.

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Cette thèse analyse les enjeux, les logiques et les modalités de la construction de la décentralisation industrielle comme objet de réforme et d’action publique. La période d’étude s’étend du renouveau des débats à l’aube du XXe siècle jusqu’à l’institutionnalisation de cette action au tournant des années 1950, mobilisant plusieurs fonds d’archives et sources imprimées. Pour suivre les reconfigurations de la « décentralisation industrielle » tout au long d’un demi-siècle, cette recherche prend en compte l’ensemble des discours postulant le déplacement de l’industrie (décentralisation, transfert, dispersion…), émis par des acteurs appartenant à différents champs professionnels (hauts fonctionnaires, hommes politiques, urbanistes, ingénieurs, militaires, géographes, économistes…). Au tournant du XXe siècle, la décentralisation industrielle était pensée en fonction de l’opposition entre villes (notamment Paris) et campagnes, afin de favoriser le retour à la terre et de répondre à la fois à la désertion des campagnes et à la question urbaine. Ces préoccupations anciennes se reformulaient aux marges du champ réformateur, bénéficiant de l’ouverture d’un nouveau répertoire d’action, la réforme urbaine, et de la pratique professionnelle qui a pris corps à sa suite, l’aménagement des villes. La croyance en un possible inversement du mouvement industriel centripète était revivifiée par les progrès des transports et de l’énergie électrique. Les propositions s’organisaient autour de trois paradigmes : le paradigme ruraliste situait l’industrie dans la campagne, réduisant la taille des établissements et aspirant à revivifier les petits ateliers ; le paradigme régional visait l’industrialisation soit des zones géographiques particulières, comme les vallées, soit des périmètres plus vastes, dépendants des grandes villes ; enfin, le paradigme aménageur mettait la priorité non pas à la désindustrialisation des grandes villes mais à l’aménagement des zones industrielles dans leurs banlieues. Au cours des années 1920, la menace de bombardements aériens sur les industries stratégiques pour l’armée française et sur les villes fait de la défense nationale un nouvel enjeu de la décentralisation. Elle a déclenché la première politique, appliquée, au début des années 1930, aux industries aéronautiques puis aux autres industries de guerre, appelées à s’éloigner de la partie Nord-Est de la France et notamment de la région parisienne. Les considérations militaires s’appropriaient les débats antérieurs en matière de décentralisation tout en se greffant à des questions économiques majeures de leur époque, comme la modernisation de la production ou le chômage, et en se confrontant aux aspects pratiques des opérations, comme la disponibilité ou le logement de la main-d’œuvre.Le réformisme et le dirigisme du gouvernement de Vichy ont donné une nouvelle impulsion à la décentralisation industrielle, portée par les courants modernistes du régime. Son administration de la planification a entrepris, au moyen d’une ample étude, poursuivie après la Libération, de fixer les principes d’une action publique en la matière qui, tout en atténuant les effets de la centralisation, favoriserait la poursuite de l’industrialisation. Cependant, en même temps que ces velléités se heurtaient aux conditions de réalisation de la reconstruction et de la planification économique, la décentralisation industrielle perdait son autonomie pour devenir l’outil privilégié de l’aménagement du territoire, promu, à la fin des années 1940, par le ministère de la Reconstruction et de l’Urbanisme. Cette thèse montre la dynamique historique des réappropriations et des resémantisations continuelles opérées par des groupes d’acteurs aux prises avec des questions sociales, économiques ou urbaines. Elle contribue ainsi à la sociologie des rapports entre action publique, champ savant et pratiques professionnelles, mais aussi à l’histoire de la genèse de l’aménagement du territoire
This thesis analyses the stakes, logic and modalities of the construction of industrial decentralization as an object of reform and public action. The period of study extends from the renewal of debates at the dawn of the 20th century to the institutionalization of this action at the turn of the 1950s, involving several archival and printed sources. To follow the reconfigurations of "industrial decentralization" over the course of half a century, this research takes into account all the discourses postulating the displacement of industry (decentralization, transfer, dispersion...), issued by actors belonging to different professional fields (senior officials, politicians, urban planners, engineers, military, geographers, economists...). At the turn of the 20th century, industrial decentralization was conceived in terms of the opposition between cities (particularly Paris) and the countryside, in order to promote the return to the land, and to respond both to the abandonment of rural areas and to the urban question. These old concerns were being reformulated at the margins of the reform field, benefiting from the opening of a new repertoire of action, urban reform, and the professional practice that took shape as a result, urban planning. The belief in a possible reversal of the centripetal industrial movement was revived by advances in transport and electrical energy. The proposals were organized around three paradigms: the rural paradigm located industry in the countryside, reducing the size of settlements and aspiring to revitalize small workshops; the regional paradigm aimed at industrialization either of particular geographical areas, such as valleys, or of larger areas, dependent on large cities; and finally, the planning paradigm gave priority not to the deindustrialization of large cities but to the development of industrial areas in their suburbs. In the 1920s, the threat of aerial bombardments on strategic industries for the French army and on cities made national defence a new challenge for decentralization. It triggered the first policy, applied in the early 1930s to the aeronautical industries and then to other war industries, which were called upon to move away from the north-eastern part of France and from the Paris region in particular. Military considerations took over previous debates on decentralization, while adding to the major economic issues of their time, such as the modernization of production or unemployment, and confronting the practical aspects of operations, such as the availability or the housing of the labour force.The reformism and dirigisme of the Vichy government gave a new impetus to industrial decentralization, driven by the regime's modernist currents. Its planning administration undertook, by means of an extensive study, continued after the Liberation, to establish the principles of public action in this field which, while mitigating the effects of centralisation, would encourage further industrialisation. However, at the same time as these attempts were hampered by the conditions for carrying out reconstruction and economic planning, industrial decentralization lost its autonomy to become the main tool for country planning (aménagement du territoire), promoted in the late 1940s by the Ministry of Reconstruction and Town Planning. This thesis shows the historical dynamics of the continuous re-appropriation and re-semanticization by groups of actors grappling with social, economic or urban issues. It thus contributes to the sociology of the relationship between public action, the scholarly field and professional practices, but also to the history of the genesis of country planning

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Thèses sur le sujet « Urban public action »

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