Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Urban poor – Italy »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Urban poor – Italy"
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LeBlanc, Robin M. « Designing a beautifully poor public : postgrowth community in Italy and Japan ». Journal of Political Ecology 24, no 1 (27 septembre 2017) : 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20883.
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Abstract This paper examines images of desirable postgrowth communities pursued by activist architects in Bologna and Tokyo. Their visions are differently shaped by the distinct architectural and cultural environments in their respective cities. Nonetheless, they share an anti-growth, "beautifully poor" aesthetic that seems to challenge the dominant political values of liberal nations in the post-World War II era, redefining the democratic public in terms of spontaneity and conviviality. Conceptions of successful communities in rich countries have been shaped around the presumption that they must sustain citizens' material wellbeing by sustaining economic growth. But given the global environmental and social justice problems that have resulted from a single-minded focus on growth, we need new imaginaries of communities that can thrive without economic growth, especially in the global north. Decades of low to zero growth and demographic decline in Italy and Japan are forcing community stakeholders from elected officials to urban planners to confront the question of how to maintain good communities even where material affluence is irrevocably diminished. Keywords: degrowth, public space, urban planning, architecture, political ecology
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Bettencourt, Luís M. A., et José Lobo. « Urban scaling in Europe ». Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no 116 (mars 2016) : 20160005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0005.
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Over the last few decades, in disciplines as diverse as economics, geography and complex systems, a perspective has arisen proposing that many properties of cities are quantitatively predictable due to agglomeration or scaling effects. Using new harmonized definitions for functional urban areas, we examine to what extent these ideas apply to European cities. We show that while most large urban systems in Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) approximately agree with theoretical expectations, the small number of cities in each nation and their natural variability preclude drawing strong conclusions. We demonstrate how this problem can be overcome so that cities from different urban systems can be pooled together to construct larger datasets. This leads to a simple statistical procedure to identify urban scaling relations, which then clearly emerge as a property of European cities. We compare the predictions of urban scaling to Zipf's law for the size distribution of cities and show that while the former holds well the latter is a poor descriptor of European cities. We conclude with scenarios for the size and properties of future pan-European megacities and their implications for the economic productivity, technological sophistication and regional inequalities of an integrated European urban system.
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Pigliautile, Ilaria, Guido Marseglia et Anna Laura Pisello. « Investigation of CO2 Variation and Mapping Through Wearable Sensing Techniques for Measuring Pedestrians’ Exposure in Urban Areas ». Sustainability 12, no 9 (11 mai 2020) : 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093936.
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Citizens’ wellbeing is mainly threatened by poor air quality and local overheating due to human-activity concentration and land-cover/surface modification in urban areas. Peculiar morphology and metabolism of urban areas lead to the well-known urban-heat-island effect, characterized by higher air temperature in cities than in their surroundings. The environmental mapping of the urban outdoors at the pedestrian height could be a key tool to identify risky areas for humans in terms of both poor-air-quality exposure and thermal comfort. This study proposes urban environment investigation through a wearable miniaturized weather station to get the spatial distribution of key parameters according to the citizens’ perspective. The innovative system monitors and traces the field values of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, such as air temperature and wind-speed values, which have been demonstrated to be related to outdoor wellbeing. The presented monitoring campaign focused on a two-way, two-lane road in Rome (Italy) during traffic rush hours on both working days and weekends. Collected data were analyzed with respect to timing and position, and possible correlations among different variables were examined. Results demonstrated the wearable system capability to catch pedestrian-exposure variability in terms of CO2 concentration and local overheating due to urban structure, highlighting potentials in the citizens’ involvement as observation vectors to extensively monitor urban environmental quality.
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Zullo, Francesco, Alessandro Marucci, Lorena Fiorini et Bernardino Romano. « The Italian Apennines between earthquakes, high naturalness and urban growth ». Environment and Planning B : Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no 4 (10 octobre 2018) : 716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318802326.
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This paper sets out the results of a study conducted in the inland areas in central Italy on certain phenomena that, for decades, have evolved separately: urban and socio-economic growth, environmental and cultural conservation and the curbing of seismic risk. The study was carried out by analysing the urban conversion of land in the Italian Apennines over the past 50 years, focusing on areas of varying seismic hazard. Our analysis highlights that territorial planning has failed to tackle this risk in an integrated manner, implementing entirely uncoordinated actions that have produced poor results. Thus, our main goal is to study urban development and its effects on the Apennine system and devise possible strategies to mitigate the seismic risk in this area of significant worth, but made extremely vulnerable by policies and solutions that have never been “nature-based”.
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Maiolo, Mario, et Daniela Pantusa. « A proposal for multiple reuse of urban wastewater ». Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 8, no 4 (21 février 2017) : 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2017.144.
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Abstract The present paper describes a proposal of multiple reuse of wastewater for the town of Camigliatello Silano, in the province of Cosenza, Italy. Camigliatello Silano is a locality devoted to agriculture and to both winter and summer tourism. There are several issues related to the management of water resources of the locality, including the lack of regularization of the discharge of urban wastewater with Italian and European regulations, poor availability of the resource for the irrigation sector, and necessary improvements in winter tourism. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a possible solution for the management of the water resources of the locality, through the reuse of wastewater. The proposed solution provides the reuse for agricultural purposes during the irrigation period and an innovative reuse for the production of artificial snow in the winter season. The reuse for irrigation allows the increase of water resources in agriculture, while the reuse for the production of artificial snow allows a longer skiing period. The proposed solution also solves the problem of regularization of wastewater discharge with positive effects on the environment and water resources.
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Carpentieri, Gerardo, Carmen Guida et Houshmand E. Masoumi. « Multimodal Accessibility to Primary Health Services for the Elderly : A Case Study of Naples, Italy ». Sustainability 12, no 3 (21 janvier 2020) : 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030781.
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In Europe, the share of people aged 65 years and above is expected to increase exponentially, and in 2050, for the first time in human history, the number of older people will be larger than the number of children under the age of 15. Aging is associated with increased vulnerability and dependence on medical care services. For these reasons, providing access to health services to people aged 65 years and over is crucial. From the perspective of social equity, everyone should have the opportunity to access healthcare services equally, but due to economic and geographical issues, achieving this level of equity is challenging. The aim of this study was to fill the gap between scientific and actual practices using an accessibility measure to evaluate urban accessibility to primary healthcare services and to support decision-makers to better allocate resources in local restructuring of welfare policies. The accessibility measure was designed considering both the land use and the transportation components, the local healthcare supply system, and a multimodal transportation network. The methodology was applied to the city of Naples considering Local Health Agency (ASL) healthcare services to the elderly. The ASL is the largest health agency in Europe, consisting of 17 buildings serving nearly 200,000 elderly. The results show that the entire elderly neighborhood population suffers from poor accessibility to primary health services, especially in the city suburbs, and that the methodology could be effectively applied to urban planning strategies to achieve a high quality of life for elderly people. Due to poor dialogue between the authorities, this could help to improve the decision-making process through the lens of social equity.
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Geraldi, Juliano. « Subsidiariedade e planejamento urbano em contextos comparados : uma análise entre Portugal, Itália e Brasil ». Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 15, no 2 (30 novembre 2013) : 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2013v15n2p139.
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O presente ensaio tem como objetivo compreender como o conceito de subsidiariedade opera os instrumentos de planejamento urbano em contextos comparados. Entendemos que o que se deve estabelecer como ponto de partida não é uma simples análise do grau de descentralização e participação dos países escolhidos, mas sim de como se dá a relação entre Estado e sociedade no planejamento urbano. A escolha de Portugal, Itália e Brasil para a análise comparada se dá por representarem as três formas de organização vertical do Poder: unitária, regional e federativa. Para a interpretação dos casos decidiu-se por diferenciar subsidiariedade vertical de subsidiariedade horizontal na utilização dos parâmetros de análise, nomeadamente: os sujeitos, os objetos e as asserções normativas.Palavras-chave: subsidiariedade; planejamento urbano; Portugal; Itália; Brasil. Abstract: A principal way of accessing housing for the urban poor in Buenos Aires is through the illegal occupation of land, thereby creating informal settlements. This article examines the development of informality, patterns of social mobility and residential trajectories within and between informal settlements in Argentina’s capital in recent decades. Using survey and interview data among residents in a variety of informal settlements complemented with field observation and secondary data, it is shown that there is much variation in dwellers’ perspectives and the strategies they employ to secure their tenure and livelihoods. Furthermore, it is shown how government policy and law condition not only the emergence of informality, but also the particular shape it takes. Keywords: subsidiarity; urban planning; Portugal; Italy; Brazil.
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Bertolino, Maria Anna. « Post-Urban Life in the Italian Alps during a Pandemic ». Exchanges : The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 9, no 2 (27 avril 2022) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v9i2.831.
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In the twentieth century, depopulation in the Italian Alps was the result of the vision of a mountain world as isolated and of the persistence of stereotypes such as that of the 'poor mountain dweller'. At the same time, mountains were exploited by cities in order to be transformed into a place of leisure for mass tourism. Consequently, the agro-pastoral activities related to this world were neglected as a symbol of backwardness. However, over the past decade, the Alps have been affected by return migrations. The interest in rural world comes from the redefinition of the urban-rural gap and the leaving behind of the urbanism paradigm. Although this phenomenon is not new to social scientists, with the onset of COVID-19 it is assuming unexpected dimensions and accelerated developments. Images of escape from cities, when lockdown was announced in Italy on February 2020, clearly demonstrate that new visions of rural territories were emerging in the Western World. This article aims to inquire about the contemporary perception of the Italian Alps and their rediscovery during these pandemic times, to ask ourselves about the nature of this rediscovery, to what extent the representations are affected by a nostalgic attitude and how they can contribute, if well managed, to the development of a new post-urban living model.
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Alghisi, Marianna, et Ludovico Biagi. « Positioning with GNSS and 5G : Analysis of Geometric Accuracy in Urban Scenarios ». Sensors 23, no 4 (15 février 2023) : 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042181.
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GNSS positioning in urban scenarios suffers for the scarce visibility of satellites. Integration with 5G services for positioning could improve this situation. In this paper, the digital surface models (DSMs) relevant to different urban scenarios, namely residential streets and urban canyons, are simulated around one observer in northern Italy (Milano) for one day of the year chosen as an example. The time series of the number of in-view GNSS satellites, their geometry and the derived quality indexes (position dilution of precision (PDOP)) are computed and analyzed. As expected, in urban canyons, a significant number of epochs does not provide four satellites within view, and many more epochs present really mediocre PDOPs. In residential streets, the situation is always quite fair. Different geometric configurations of 5G base stations are simulated around the observer. The availability of 5G times of arrival (ToAs) and their differences (TDoAs) is hypothesized, and the integration of these observations with GNSS pseudoranges is analyzed, again in terms of the PDOPs. In residential streets, 5G availability improves the positioning. In urban canyons, the optimal configuration of 5G base stations (five base stations around the observer) completely solves the positioning problem for all the epochs of the day. Less favorable configurations (four and three base stations) improve epochs with poor PDOPs in a GNSS-only configuration. They allow the positioning of epochs with few satellites but cannot completely replace the GNSS.
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Sciulli, Nick, Giuseppe D'Onza et Giulio Greco. « Building a resilient local council : evidence from flood disasters in Italy ». International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, no 6 (10 août 2015) : 430–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-11-2014-0139.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate resilience to extreme weather events (EWE) in a sample of Italian local councils (LCs), impacted by flood disasters. Whether resilience as a concept is adopted by the affected councils and factors that promote or inhibit LC resilience are explored. Design/methodology/approach – Using semi-structured interviews, the authors investigate seven Italian LCs that were severely impacted by the flood event. An interview protocol was developed and background information collected. A number of themes were drawn from the interview transcripts and relationships with the relevant literature were examined. Findings – The findings highlight that the adoption of the concept of resilience is at an early stage in the LCs decision and policy making. The authors find that the financial resources and the external relations management with other public entities, NGOs and local communities, promote the LCs resilience during and after an EWE. By contrast, bureaucratic constraints and poor urban planning restrain resilience. The findings suggest that LCs resilience needs to be distinguished from local community resilience. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the literature on public sector management and investigates the under-researched area of resilience within the context of the public sector, vis-à-vis, local government. In particular the realization that EWE are not the realm only of emergency personnel, but that local government managers have an integral role placed upon them during and especially after the EWE.
Thèses sur le sujet "Urban poor – Italy"
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Graham, Emma-Jayne. « Death, disposal and the destitute : the burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420782.
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Park, Jungyoon. « Les stratégies et projets urbains pour l’attractivité territoriale : rôle, place, et signification des nouveaux espaces de consommation urbaine ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3026.
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L’objectif principal de notre travail consiste à interroger le rôle des espaces de consommation dans les stratégies pour l’attractivité des territoires. Comment la notion de consommation s’inscrit-elle dans la dynamique de développement territorial, en particulier, à travers la relation « image – marketing - attractivité »? Il s’agit de comprendre « le concept d’espace de consommation nouveau » tel qu’il est employé aujourd’hui par les territoires qui cherchent à renforcer leur attractivité. Pour mettre en évidence l’importance des espaces de consommation dans les politiques pour l’attractivité, nous illustrerons trois expériences territoriales suite à une partie théorique développant le thème de l’attractivité territoriale et celui de l’espace de consommation : 1. La ZAC de Paris Bercy et son espace de consommation, Bercy Village : On choisit comme exemple, le quartier de « Bercy Village » créé dans le cadre de la ZAC Paris Bercy à la fin des années 90. 2. Les projets et stratégies de régénération urbaine de Turin (Italie) : La ville de Turin est en quête d’attractivité en renforçant les domaines de la culture, des loisirs et du tourisme. L’importance de l’attraction du méga-évènement et de l’élaboration des démarches stratégiques globales pour la ville (en occurrence, le projet de Spina Centrale et le Plan Stratégique de Turin) est particulièrement soulignée dans cet exemple 3. Le projet de restauration de la rivière Cheonggye (Séoul, Corée du Sud) : La ville de Séoul, en restaurant une rivière oubliée dans un quartier commercial souffrant de l’encombrement du trafic et de la pollution, a réussi à créer une nouvelle promenade fluviale très attractive pour les citadinsThe principal aim of our work consists of questioning the role of consumption activities and spaces in local strategies for attractiveness. How is the concept of consumption involved in the dynamics of territorial development, in particular, in terms of the relation among “image,” “marketing” and “attractiveness”? How can we understand “the concept of new consumption space” such as it is employed by the cities that desire to reinforce their attractiveness? To emphasize the importance of consumption spaces in policies for local attractiveness, following a theoretical discussion (part one), we present three case studies (part two) exploring the questions of territorial attractiveness and consumption space: 1. Our first example is “Bercy Village,” a new Parisian consumption space created within the framework of the ZAC Paris Bercy at the end of the 1990s. 2. Second, we examine projects and strategies of urban regeneration in Turin, Italy. Turin is in search of attractiveness by reinforcing the aspects of culture, leisure and tourism. The importance of the attraction of mega-events and the development of global urban strategies (the Spina Centrale project and Turin’s Strategic Plan) is particularly stressed in this example. 3. Finally, we turn to the restoration project of the Cheonggye river (Cheonggyecheon). Seoul, the capital of South Korea, recently restored a forgotten river in an old commercial district, notorious for traffic jams and pollution. Through this project, Seoul was able to create a new attractive riverwalk for city users
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GUINEA, MARTIN Daniel. « Morals and gifts : varieties of care provision to the poor in an Italian city (1999-2001) ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5137.
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Defence date: 16 December 2005Examining board: Prof. Gianfranco Poggi, University of Trent and former EUI, Supervisor ; Prof. Peter Wagner, EUI, Co-supervisor ; Prof. Miriam Glucksmann, University of Essex ; Prof. Luisa Leonini, University of Milan
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Livres sur le sujet "Urban poor – Italy"
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International, Conference on Urban Poverty (1997 Florence Italy). Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Poverty : 9-13 November 1997, Florence, Italy. [Nairobi] : United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1998.
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Pullan, Brian S. Poverty and charity : Europe, Italy, Venice, 1400-1700. Aldershot, Hampshire : Variorum, 1994.
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The burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Roman republic and early empire. Oxford : Archeopress, 2006.
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Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Poverty : 9-13 November 1997, Florence, Italy. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1998.
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Brasher, Sally Mayall. « Reform and consolidation ». Dans Hospitals and Charity. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119285.003.0007.
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Chapter six traces the reform efforts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which eventually led to the consolidation of small independent hospitals into large civic institutions that became increasingly medicalized. Health boards created after the Black Death led to secularization of health care and poor relief. These social service institutions evolved over the early decades of the century and were a gradual response to the evolving needs and challenges of the population and the end of the communal era. This unification and institutionalization of civic oriented hospital care, resulted in one large Ospedale Maggiore, which was duplicated in towns and cities throughout Italy in the mid fifteenth century. It signified the end of the small, independent hospital movement that had so transformed the landscape of urban society earlier in the Middle Ages. The process of centralization that swept hospitals up in its wake was a universal feature of Italian state-formation in the age of the Renaissance
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Hartrich, Eliza. « Conclusion ». Dans Politics and the Urban Sector in Fifteenth-Century England, 1413-1471, 225–30. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844426.003.0006.
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By studying the urban political sector—a framework within which towns and the people who lived in them could pool their collective resources to influence national politics, and in which the internal governance and political experiences of different individual towns could influence those of others within the sector—it becomes possible to write a history of late medieval English politics that is not focused exclusively on aristocratic landholders. An urban sector model allows for the political might of smaller towns in a centralized monarchy (such as was the case in fifteenth-century England) to be compared more profitably to that exercised by the more celebrated towns and urban leagues of Northern Italy and Flanders. Also, this book’s emphasis on frequent fluctuations in the nature of the English urban sector, rather than long-term trajectories, serves to question evolutionary narratives concerning the transition from the ‘medieval’ to ‘early modern’ English town.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Urban poor – Italy"
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Mincolelli, Giuseppe, Gian Andrea Giacobone et Michele Marchi. « PLEINAIR project : participatory methodologies to validate and integrate product concepts with young users ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001868.
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This contribution describes the final part of the development process of PLEINAIR (Free and Inclusive Parks in Networks for Recreational and Physical Intergenerational Activity), a two-years multidisciplinary research project financed by the POR FESR 2014-2020 program regulated by Emilia Romagna Region in Italy.The PLEINAIR project aims to develop a smart outdoor park, specifically designed for encouraging positive socio-recreational interactions among different generations and for promoting the adoption of active lifestyles for all and at any stage of their life.This is because, according to WHO, sedentary lifestyle is increasing worldwide and it risks to produce more cardiovascular diseases compared to the past, but also because most of the urban parks nowadays are composed of arbitrary and selective areas that do not stimulate interaction between different generations.The purpose of PLEINAIR is to provide real solutions through operational products called OSOs (Outdoor Smart Objects). Monitoring a series of parameters – through an IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) infrastructure – related to people’s motor or ludic activities, the OSOs aim to find the most suitable and customizable motivational strategies to stimulate a positive health lifestyle for any user at any age.PLEINAIR is based on a Human-Centered Design approach and it utilizes participative Co-Design techniques to discover and satisfy the real needs of people.Due to the COVID-19, the first part of the needs analysis was conducted remotely. Despite there were no chances to interact with users in person, the on-line activities collected many insights to develop the early concepts of the OSOs.When the Italians lockdown restrictions in public education were temporally less severe, two Co-Design workshops were organized involving two schools in Province of Bologna, Italy, to collaboratively validate and refine the concept ideas with young users.Considering this, the paper describes two Co-Design activities performed in both schools.The first workshop collaborated with an elementary school and it was divided in two parts: the first stage collected the children’s and expectations about the OSOs’ early concepts through a visual questionnaire; the second stage used free drawing to collect children’s ideas, dreams and expectations about their personal concepts of PLEINAIR outdoor park.The second workshop involved an high school and it was divided in three main round tables, each one focused on a specific aspect of the PLAINAIR IoTM system: the first table co-designed the graphical interface and the navigation system of PLAINAIR application; the second table co-designed and co-validated the motivational strategies that the app uses to encourage people to improve their health conditions; the third table co-designed digital and analogic interactions for dialoguing with the OSOs. The activities were based on an open debate and free drawing session because they let young users free to express themselves around the three themes of the workshop. The final results produced qualitative data that were difficult to collect during the remote activities and they were used, as guidelines, to improve many aspects of the User Experience of the PLEINAIR IoTM system.