Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Urban analyses »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Urban analyses"
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García-Pérez, Sergio. « Diseño urbano y espacio público en contextos de regeneración urbana integrada : conceptos, marco institucional y experiencias recientes | Urban design and public space in integrated urban regeneration contexts : Concepts, institutional framework, and recent experiences ». ZARCH, no 8 (2 octobre 2017) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201782157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El interés institucional por la regeneración urbana integrada y la mejora de los tejidos urbanos obsoletos ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo uno de los procesos por los que apuesta la nueva agenda urbana. Al respecto, numerosos autores señalan el carácter sistémico de los problemas, de múltiples dimensiones y reconocen que la calidad de la forma y el diseño urbano son una condición que puede favorecer la correcta evolución de un área urbana. El objetivo de este texto es analizar en qué grado están presentes la necesidad de un buen diseño y una atención específica por las formas urbanas en los conceptos, el marco institucional y en determinadas prácticas que promueven la regeneración urbana. Para ello, el artículo comienza con una exploración evolutiva del concepto de regeneración urbana focalizada en la experiencia española. A continuación, se analiza el marco institucional que regula actualmente la regeneración urbana, así como las políticas de estímulo estatales que la promueven. Al encontrar en el escenario nacional (Plan Estatal 2013) algunas debilidades en torno al diseño urbano y espacio público, se compara con otro de reconocida influencia (Ley de Barrios 2004) con el fin de conocer el rol del diseño urbano en cada uno de ellos. Por último, el artículo analiza dos experiencias recientes realizadas en el marco de la Ley de Barrios –Santa Caterina i Sant Pere y Sant Ildefons, (en Barcelona y su área metropolitana)–, verificando la relevancia del diseño urbano en determinadas prácticas de regeneración.PALABRAS CLAVE: regeneración urbana, diseño urbano, espacio público, legislación urbanística, políticas de estímulo, BarcelonaThe institutional interest for integrated urban regeneration and the improvement of deprived urban fabric has increased in last years, being one of the main processes included in the new urban agenda. At this regard, many authors point out the systemic nature of the problems, of multiple dimensions, recognising in the quality of the form and the urban design a condition capable of favouring an urban area evolution. The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent the need for good design and specific attention to urban forms are present in concepts, institutional framework, and certain practices that urban regeneration promotes. To this end, the article begins with an evolutive exploration of urban regeneration concept, focusing on the Spanish experience. Next, the recent institutional framework is analysed, as well as the state policies that support urban regeneration. Finding in the national scenario (Plan Estatal 2013) some weaknesses around the urban design and public space, which it is compared with one of recognized influence (Ley de Barrios 2004), in order to know the role of urban design in each of them. Finally, the article analyses two recent experiences carried out within the ‘Ley de Barrios’ framework -Santa Caterina i Sant Pere and Sant Ildefons, (in Barcelona and its metropolitan area)-, verifying the urban design relevance in certain regeneration practices.KEYWORDS: urban regeneration, urban design, public space, planning law, stimulus policies, Barcelona
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Moschitz, Heidrun, Jan Landert, Christian Schader et Rebekka Frick. « From Urban Agriculture to Urban Food ». Nature and Culture 13, no 1 (1 mars 2018) : 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2018.130106.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Urban agriculture is embedded in an urban food system, and its full potential can only be understood by looking into the dynamics of the system. Involving a variety of actors from civil society, policy, and the market, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the food system of the city of Basel, Switzerland, including policy and actor analysis, analysis of perceptions on urban agriculture, food flow analysis, and a sustainability assessment. The article presents the results of these analyses and discusses how research can contribute to the societal debate on food systems transformation. We particularly reflect on how the research project became a boundary object in a dynamic process to develop new ideas and activities, as well as to create a space for future debates in the city’s food system.
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Deluka-Tibljaš, Aleksandra, Sanja Šurdonja, Sergije Babić et Marijana Cuculić. « Analyses of urban pavement surface temperatures ». Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no 3 (28 septembre 2015) : 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.30.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Heat islands are areas that have higher air temperatures than their surroundings. It has been proven that the use of certain types of pavement surface materials contributes to the occurrence of heat islands. The heat island effect is dominant in urban areas, mainly in city centres. To identify potentially favourable pavement surface materials that are suitable for the use on surfaces in urban areas, an extensive analysis of in-place material temperatures was conducted in the city centre of Rijeka (Croatia) during the summer of 2011 and 2012. The measurements included temperatures of pavement surfaces made of asphalt, concrete and stone. The analysis results identified local materials whose use help to reduce or mitigate the effect of additional heating in the urban environment caused by emission of heat from pavement surfaces. In terms of additional heating of urbanized areas, asphalt has proven to be significantly less favourable than other analysed materials. In addition to the materials selected for the use in wearing courses, their characteristics and the microclimates of the locations where they will be placed must be taken into consideration. Among the standard paving materials, in terms of heating and temperature, concrete is more favourable than asphalt because the differences between concrete surface temperatures and air temperatures are significantly smaller than between asphalt surface temperatures and air temperatures. Stone surfaces have proven to be the most favourable. The analysis results presented can be used to establish clear guidelines for using specific materials under specific conditions.
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Teramura, Hirofumi, et Takao Uno. « Spatial Analyses of Harappan Urban Settlements ». Ancient Asia 1 (1 décembre 2006) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aa.06108.
Texte intégral
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Karakayacı, Zuhal. « Regression Analysis for the Factor Affecting on Farm Land/Urban Land Value in Urban Sprawl ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no 10 (1 octobre 2018) : 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1357-1361.1886.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study, the factors affecting on land value in urban sprawl were analysed via regression analysis. In the analyse, the nominal value of land was taken to be dependent variable while factors affecting the value of the land in urban sprawl were considered to be independent variables. 9 factors that were thought to affect the value of the land were handled. In this study, 3 separate models were analyzed, and all models provided statistically significant results. The basic reason for applying three separate models is to be witness the effects by including the variables in different categories (environmental, social amenity and economical factors) separately to the model. As a result of these analyses, all of environmental, amenity and economic factors should be considered for valuation of urban sprawl.
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Steinberger, Marília. « A (re)construção de mitos sobre a (in)sustentabilidade do(no) espaço urbano ». Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no 4 (31 mai 2001) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2001n4p9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O trabalho parte de uma leitura do conhecimento produzido sobre meio ambiente, no âmbito dos Encontros da Anpur dos anos 90, para discutir a emergência do meio ambiente urbano como área de investigação que constrói e reconstrói mitos sobre a sustentabilidade ou insustentabilidade do espaço urbano. Para tanto, numa primeira seção, são analisados documentos que constituem o marco institucional da área e realiza-se um breve resgate de marcos teórico-conceituais estabelecidos em algumas disciplinas, sugerindo que eles devem ser desconstruídos, para que o meio ambiente urbano seja apreendido com um olhar baseado em uma racionalidade não-instrumental. Na seção seguinte, são discutidos os focos social-histórico e político-espacial de três pares de noções/conceitos: ambiente/meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável/sustentabilidade e território/urbanização, para se chegar a um entendimento sobre sustentabilidade urbana. Tais focos orientam as questões centrais que perpassam a área: qualidade ambiental urbana, instrumentos de gestão ambiental e conflito de interesses entre os atores. À guisa de conclusão, mostra-se que, embora a maioria dos discursos sobre o meio ambiente urbano considere o espaço urbano como insustentável, há caminhos que apontam para uma definição da área.Palavras-chave: meio ambiente; sustentabilidade; espaço urbano. Abstract: The work is based on a study of knowledge concerning the environment, within the scope of the 1990s ANPUR Meetings, which discussed the emergence of the urban environment as a field of inquiry that constructs and reconstructs myths concerning the sustainability or unsustainability of urban space. To this end, the first section analyses documents which constitute the institutional imprint of the field, followed by a brief recollection of theoretical-conceptual landmarks established in some disciplines. It is suggested that these be deconstructed, so that the urban environment may be understood through a perspective based on a non-instrumental rationality. In the following section, the socio-historical and politico-spatial focuses of three pairs of notions/concepts are discussed: ambient-environment, sustainable development-sustainability and territory-urbanization, in order to arrive at an understanding of urban sustainability. Such focuses guide the central issues that are related to the field: urban environmental quality, instruments of environmental management and the conflict of interests among actors. In conclusion it is shown that, although most of the discourse on the urban environment considers urban space to be unsustainable, there are paths that point to a definition of the field.Keywords: environment; sustainability; urban space.
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Fernández-García, Manuel, Clemente J. Navarro et Irene Gómez-Ramirez. « Evaluating Territorial Targets of European Integrated Urban Policy. The URBAN and URBANA Initiatives in Spain (1994–2013) ». Land 10, no 9 (9 septembre 2021) : 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090956.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the 1990s, the EU has promoted urban integrated programmes in vulnerable urban areas, combining top-down and bottom-up approaches to select the target areas. The bottom-up approach refers to selecting disadvantaged areas by municipalities, and the top-down approach deals with the eligibility criteria established by programmes. However, the level of compliance with these criteria among the areas selected is not usually evaluated. This study proposes a research strategy and analyses the URBAN and URBANA Initiatives in Spain (1994–2013). The objective is to evaluate the adequacy of selected areas through a methodology (effect size analysis) that assesses the level of vulnerability of urban areas defined in each city according to the criteria specified by the calls for proposals of the different urban regeneration programmes. According to the existing literature on the subject, a good selection of territorial targets is a fundamental element in the success of area-based interventions. The principal findings are that selected areas meet eligibility criteria, especially as regards urban fabric and unemployment. This article’s main contribution is to show that effect size analysis is an easy method to evaluate target selection in area-based policies from a methodological perspective. Together with centred measures of eligibility criteria (indicators), this methodological approach allows for comparisons between and within programmes and can be helpful to both practitioners or policy analysis scholars.
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Wang, Ling, Hao Zhong, Wangyue Huang et Wanjing Ma. « Pedestrian Spatial Violation Analyses for Urban Roadways ». Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A : Systems 146, no 11 (novembre 2020) : 04020125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000400.
Texte intégral
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Cao, Yin Gui, Zhen Zhou Du, Yuan Qing Lu et Xue Jiao Song. « Driving Force Differences of Urban Construction Land Changes among Urban Agglomerations ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (septembre 2013) : 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.867.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, the author compared the changes of urban construction land and driving forces in Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Peal River Delta urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2008, which was in order to find out the differences in changes laws and influential factors. The author introduced Correlation analysis, Co-integrated relationship and Granger causality test in metrology analyses to further research the relationship between urban construction land changes and driving forces.
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Marry, Solène. « Assessment of Urban Soundscapes ». Organised Sound 16, no 3 (15 novembre 2011) : 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771811000252.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article presents the different tools for assessing soundscapes within urban public spaces and develops in particular the use of the sonic mind map. We will successively define the notions of sonic perception and representation, and sonic and spatial evaluation; we will approach the concept of soundscape and finally give details about the sonic mind-map tool. Through this tool, the soundscape of urban public spaces can be understood, not through speech analysis, but through spatial representations of memorised sonic ambiances.Investigation results based among other things on sonic mind-map analyses explain the significance of sonic spatialisation and of the sound source distance in urban soundscape assessment. Using the sonic mind map to analyse the sonic representations associated with certain urban spaces seems to be relevant for researchers in space sciences or even for urban planners.
Thèses sur le sujet "Urban analyses"
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Samuelsson, Karl. « Spatial analyses of people's experiences in urban landscapes ». Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Limiting cities’ negative impact for global sustainability suggests compact city development. However, extensive and accessible urban nature is important for urban dwellers’ wellbeing. Aligning efforts to make cities locally and globally sustainable means resolving this conflict. This thesis applies spatial analysis of urban dwellers’ regularly occurring experiences, as these are important wellbeing indicators, looking specifically at Stockholm, Sweden. The aim is to contribute to a nuanced understanding of urban environments’ influence on urban dwellers’ experiences. Paper I investigates how accessibility to various environment features impact the probability that people have positive or negative experiences. Paper II applies resilience principles to investigate what experiences exist together in neighbourhoods. The environment have considerable influence on people’s experiences. Some common indicators in urban planning display weak relationships with experiential outcome, while other less common ones have larger effects. Neighbourhood compositions of experiences display consistent patterns, both spatially across Stockholm and with respect to resilience principles. Many neighbourhoods harbour diverse positive experiences, while a few are dominated by negative ones. The results suggest that human-environment relations should be given more consideration in urban discourse and urban planning. A relational approach could improve urban dweller’s experiences, and positively influence their wellbeing. For urban planning to be able to handle the complexity of such an approach, I suggest that resilience principles can be heuristics for an urban development that does not compromise people’s experiences. The methodological framework developed here can be applied in other cities, as it can identify specific places for transformation, but also increase knowledge of the interplay between urban environments and people’s experiences across different contexts.För att begränsa städers negativa påverkan på global hållbarhet förordas ofta kompakta stadsmiljöer. För att säkra stadsbors välbefinnande krävs emellertid stora och tillgängliga naturområden. Denna konflikt måste lösas för att nå en stadsutveckling som bidrar till både lokal och global hållbarhet. Denna avhandling består av två studier av Stockholm som tillämpar rumslig analys av människors upplevelser, då dessa är viktiga indikatorer för välbefinnande. Den undersöker hur tillgänglighet till olika miljöfaktorer är relaterade till positiva och negativa upplevelser. Vidare tillämpar den resiliensprinciper för att undersöka vilka upplevelser som samexisterar på områdesskala. Stadsmiljön har betydande påverkan på människors upplevelser. Vissa vanliga indikatorer inom stadsplanering visar svaga samband med upplevelser, medan andra mindre vanliga har större effekter. Sammansättningar av upplevelser på områdesskala uppvisar genomgående mönster, både rumsligt och i förhållande till resiliensprinciper. Många områden innehåller en mångfald av positiva upplevelser, medan ett fåtal domineras av negativa upplevelser. Resultaten visar att relationer mellan människa och miljö bör ta en mer central plats i stadsplaneringen, då detta erbjuder möjligheter att förbättra stadsbors upplevelser. Resiliensprinciper kan fungera som tumregler inom stadsplaneringen för en stadsutveckling som inte äventyrar människors upplevelser. Metoden som utvecklats här kan appliceras i andra städer, då den kan identifiera specifika platser för omvandling, men också leda till djupare förståelse för samspelet mellan stadsmiljöer och människors upplevelser i olika sammanhang.
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Lee, Nai Jia. « Panel data analyses of urban economics and housing markets ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55133.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-100).
The thesis looks three pertinent issues in Housing Market and Urban Economics literature with panel data- home sales and house price relationship, efficiency of housing market and commercial property taxation. For the first part, I examine the strong positive correlation that exists between the volume of housing sales and housing prices. I develop a simple model of these flows which suggests they generate a negative price-to-sales relationship. This runs contrary to a different literature on liquidity constraints and loss aversion. Our results from both are strong and robust. Higher sales "Granger cause" higher prices, but higher prices "Granger cause" both lower sales and a growing inventory of units-for-sale. These relationships together provide a more complete picture of the housing market - suggesting the strong positive correlation in the data results from frequent shifts in the negative price-to-sales schedule. For the second part, I tested the hypothesis whether the housing market is efficient and whether "bargains" can be found in the market or not. According to the User cost model, house price appreciation is positively correlated to price. Nevertheless, such correlation between price and appreciation can be caused by productivity differences, behavioral reasons or high transaction costs. Using 4 unique sets of panel data at zip code level, I am able to test the efficiency hypothesis without worrying about productivity reasons and transaction costs. In addition, I tested the efficiency hypothesis by removing influences caused by changes in buyers' preferences over time. The results show that appreciation and house price is positively correlated in San Diego, Boston and Phoenix.
(cont.) However, appreciation and house price is negatively correlated in Chicago. For the last part, I examine an unusual phenomenon in Massachusetts, where some municipals impose a high property tax on commercial properties and low tax on residential properties. Unlike past studies, we treat the tax on firms as an entrance fee or compensation for the negative externalities the firms generate. This approach fits our context better because we are dealing with municipals- most of the individuals don't work where they live, and the firms are unlikely to provide them employment or other benefits. I develop a simple model to capture the firms' location decision and residents' demand for services and aversion to firms. The model suggests that rich neighborhoods tend to impose high commercial and residential property tax, as they try to reduce their reliance on firms for services. In addition, the municipals will impose a high commercial property tax rate if the number of firms in municipal is large. I assembled a panel data base covering 351 municipals over a period from 1975-2007. The empirical results strongly support the model, suggesting rich municipals rely less on firms.
by Nai Jia Lee.
Ph.D.
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DHAMO, Sotir. « Specific realities and new hypotheses for urban analyses and urban design - Tirana as a case study ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2478773.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Questa ricerca è una riflessione su come si possono ancora pensare le città, attraverso l’osservazione,
l’analisi e quindi la trasformazione. Le città normalmente sviluppano delle caratteristiche uniche durante
la loro storia e di sovente tali caratteristiche sono semplificate o addirittura ignorate, poichè non
corrispondono alle nostre aspettative di osservatori e al mondo di preconcetti che può condizionare il
nostro modo di vedere. Su questo aspetto questa ricerca implica soprattutto lo sforzo di capire come
estrarre una specificità da una certa realtà, e come da essa, si possono ripensare concetti come la
rigenerazione e rivitalizzazione urbana. La ricerca è anche un’occasione per costruire un pensiero
diverso da quello che non considera i fenomeni organici e spontanei come parti essenziali della città,
lasciandoli inosservati e non considerandoli nemmeneo rispetto al loro potenziale. In questa ricerca le
osservazioni sono state fatte sulla città di Tirana cercando di identificare una serie di pattern principali, o
tipici, e parallelamente, di sviluppare anche una metodologia dell’osservazione. Tutto questo, al fine di
creare un potenziale creativo per l’urban design.
La ricerca si poggia fortemente su un principio di ricerca di completezza, relativo all’osservazione dei
fenomeni, per una comprensione profonda di essi in grado di spiegarne non solo la forma fisica ma
soprattutto i meccanismi sottostanti. Un’idea sviluppata consiste nell’aver usato la prospettiva
quantistica al fine di implicare una maggiore sensibilità nell’interpretare le latenze e le dimensioni
multiple che diversi insediamenti urbani comportano. Come affermano dicono Zohar e Marshal (1994, p.
54), l’interezza è in fondo una rete di relazioni interne sovrapposte, dove gli aspetti ondulatori della rete
danno luogo a nuovi sistemi con una nuova identità.
La prospettiva quantistica assume senso non appena si pensa che nel mondo quantico la nuova realtà
emergente non è la somma delle parti in quanto sono le interrelazioni alla base della sua creazione. Così
la ricerca considera gli schemi urbani come integrità ininterrotte nello spazio-tempo, suscitate da
relazioni presenti e precedenti, dalla natura materiale o non materiale. Questo significa che cose
apparentemente separate sono aspetti di un insieme più grande (Zohar and Marshal 1994 pp. 59-60), a
causa dell'effetto di eccitazione dei pattern interferenti provenienti da diversi spaz(i) e temp(i) che
influenzano l’ambiente temporale locale, poiché non esiste spazio e tempo tra di loro. In questa ricerca,
questa idea di rete ininterrotta appare sotto l'etichetta di continuum società-spazio-tempo (SST) (Arida,
2002, p. 157) come un campo energetico di eventi potenziali.
È proprio questo concetto che può mettere in relazione i diversi eventi nella storia specifica di Tirana, le
diverse culture antropologiche, i diversi luoghi o tempi in una rete che esiste al di là dell'SST locale. Sulla
base di questa logica possiamo raggiungere una comprensione più profonda dei modelli urbani e vedere
le loro qualità emergenti come orizzonti (territorialità) suscitati da diverse società del tempo nello
spazio, interferendo sia tra loro che con l'ambiente temporale locale. La qualità creata emerge
letteralmente da quella originale, ne ricalca delle similarità ma è diversa. Pertanto, i pattern identificati
nella ricerca sono considerati come manifestazione di territorialità (orizzonti) "catturati" nella rete SST.
Un’altro concetto usato al fine di esplorare la città e in particolare il carattere di certi insediamenti
urbani è quella della città frattale (Batty e Longley, 1994) e l’idea di complessità inerente (Mitchell,
2009). Secondo il primo approccio i pattern contengono al loro interno una struttura di relazioni
invisibile (sottostante). Quindi, il grado di ordine che osserviamo nella forma esterna in realtà implica
livelli più profondi e deriva da relazioni e gerarchie contenute nella forma interna che manifestano le
proprietà di un sistema con una propria struttura: con la sua statica intesa come aggregazione di
elementi nei sottoaggregati; e la sua dinamica, intesa come fenomeno a carattere ricorsivo, alla cui base
si osserva la natura ripetitiva delle irregolarità anche attraverso passaggi di scala. Questo
comportamento complesso coinvolge una vasta rete di singoli componenti che entrano in relazione
attraverso segnalazione e scambio di informazioni (Mitchell, 2009, pp. 12-13). Quindi, anche in questo
caso, l'interezza esibisce qualità (e identità) che nascono solo attraverso relazioni e interazioni spiegabili
in termini di auto-organizzazione e auto-regolamentazione.
Al fine di comprendere il modello statistico di questo complesso comportamento, la ricerca intraprende
un processo di osservazione e misurazione della forma-sistema (pattern) e analizza il contenuto
algoritmico di informazioni (Mitchell, 2009, p.111) osservabile al livello di regolarità ricorsive che
emergono secondo una gamma di forme tipiche delle qualità essenziali dello spazio. Questa
informazione consiste in un numero di passaggi in una sequenza di azioni che implicano ripetizione di
operazioni da eseguire e che sono poi state utilizzate come input per il processo di modellazione del
pattern attraverso tecniche parametriche. Pertanto, considerando i pattern come una struttura
invisibile di relazioni (Batty e Longley, 1994, p. 47) alla base della forma esterna, è stato cruciale
avvicinarsi alla loro dimensione olistica aggiungendo il significato derivante da approcci implicanti
modelli quantistici, frattalici e di complessità. Questo si riflette direttamente nel modo in cui vediamo
l'ordine e il caos, o pianificato / non pianificato, organico, ecc.
La ricerca inizia con analisi storiche e si conclude con un tentativo di organizzare i dati in un modello che
enfatizza le caratteristiche di una realtà specifica. La metodologia proposta si fonda sull’idea che i
modelli siano in grado di spiegare caratteristiche storiche e antropologiche, normalmente ignorate,
come quelle relative alle trasformazioni urbane organiche o spontanee (informale). Questioni relative
alle contraddizioni fra un sistema di regole apparentemente irrazionali all'interno di un sistema razionale
o quelle che implicano approcci top-down insieme a processi bottom-up, vengono affrontate
progressivamente. La ricerca è anche un tentativo di provare che le informazioni per la progettazione
della città e i suoi processi di autoregolamentazione siano contenute nella città stessa, tuttavia gli
approcci che uso enfatizzano la necessità di ampliare il dominio di osservazione al fine di cogliere tali
fenomeni in maniera completa. E questa è la mia posizione relativa alla domanda di ricerca. A ben
vedere propongo una metodologia in cui la natura algoritmica dei fenomeni urbani si accompagna
pienamente a quella storico-antropologica, ed esse non si escludeono a vicenda, ma al contrario, si
integrano nel web SST ininterrotto.This research is a reflection on how we think about cities, observe, analyze and transform them. Cities along their history develop unique characteristics. Often, these characteristics tend to be simplified or sterilized because they do not comply with our predisposition about how the world should be. In this concern, this research is an effort to explore on how to “extract” specifics from a given reality and how to regenerate and give them life, as an alternative to the city suffocated by the mechanic thinking and constant exclusion of the organic and natural phenomena. The underlying patterns of these phenomena are futile and may pass unseen or unobserved unless we change the way we see them. For this the research identifies the main urban patterns in Tirana and their essential qualities trying to outline a methodology for observing, analyzing and potentially designing the city. In this concern, the research calls to enlarge the focus of observation for a more profound and holistic understanding of the physical form and the underlying formative principles. The analytical process tries to interpret the meaning of parts and wholeness in the urban realm under the quantum perspective. This conceptual shift involves more sensitivity to interpret the latencies and multiple reality of a world where both/and is the rule. As Zohar and Marshal (1994, p. 54) say, this kind of wholeness is an unbroken web of overlapping internal relationships created by the wave aspects which give rise to new systems with a new corporate identity. It is in this sense that in the quantum world the new emergent reality is not the sum of its parts, because interrelationship is involved in its creation. In parallel to that, the research tries to see the urban patterns as an unbroken wholeness in time-space, aroused from relationships of present and previous elements, being those material or non-material (particle-wave). This means that apparently separated “things” are aspects of some larger whole (Zohar and Marshal 1994 pp. 59-60), because of the arousal effect of the interfering patterns from different space(s) and different time(s) that affect the local temporal environment, as no space and time between them exist. In this research, this kind of unbroken web appears under the label of society-space-time (SST) continuum (Arida, 2002 p. 157) as an energy field of potential events. It is this concept that correlates the different events in the specific history of Tirana, the different anthropological cultures, the different places, or the different times in a web of wholeness which exists beyond the local SST. Based on this logic we can reach a deeper understanding of the urban patterns and see their emergent qualities as horizons (territorialities) aroused from different space time societies, interfering with each other and the local temporal environment. The created emergent quality is similar but different from the original ones. Therefore, patterns are considered as manifestation of territorialities (horizons) “caught” in the SST web of wholeness. The research tries to explore the wholeness of urban patterns also under the concepts hired from fractal city (Batty and Longley, 1994) and complexity approaches (Mitchell, 2009). According to the former, patterns contain in their internal an invisible (underlying) structure of relations. Thus, the degree of order we see in the external form is deeper and comes out from relationships and hierarchy contained in the internal form that manifest properties of a system with structure: with its static, understood as aggregation of elements in subassemblies; and its dynamic, understood as recursive behavior at which base stays the repetitive nature of irregularities across scales.
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Hayes, Audrey A. « Analyses of coyote (canis latrans) consumption of anthropogenic material and dietary composition in urban and non-urban habitats ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1630436863238348.
Texte intégral
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Vanky, Anthony P. (Anthony Phong). « To and fro : digital data-driven analyses of pedestrian mobility in urban spaces ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111372.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Page 157 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-156).
Understanding how environmental attributes can influence the behavior of pedestrians is of concern for public health officials, transportation engineers, and urban planners. To what degree, if any, do these various environmental characteristics influence how much and for how long people walk? To answer these questions, this thesis analyzes large-scale spatiotemporal pedestrian activity records collected from the users of a mobile phone application in Greater Boston, Massachusetts and the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The dataset contains the locative traces of recreational and utilitarian pedestrian walking activities which include the GPS and temporal records of individuals. In sum, this dissertation considered over 2.2 million trips from 135,000 people. This thesis addresses the topic in three parts. The first study examines the impacts of climate and environment on active transportation trips, and finds varying effects of different types of weather. However, these associated effects are influenced by a trip's purpose, as well as by season and location. The second study analyzes the impact of built environment characteristics on walking activities at the urban scale. These characteristics are generally defined as components of the density, diversity, and design of urban spaces. The study finds that activity characteristics are moderated by the features of location, and that infrastructure for walking, transportation access, and destinations have a positive influence on walking volume. Walking durations are largely invariant to these factors. The third study explores the effects of urban attributes on the aggregated route choices of individuals through the use of revealed preferences. The study's findings suggest that pedestrians are sensitive to the presence of retail destinations and transit availability in their choice of path. Despite this, architectural and street-level design features have mixed effects. These analyses contribute a new approach to understanding the interrelationships between the built environment and pedestrian activity, and how those effects contribute to the walkability of communities. This thesis also tests the usefulness of passive, pervasive mobile devices in evaluating urban space, and considers their potential to aid in the development of human-centered urban design-from an analysis of the quantified self toward the understanding of the quantified community.
by Anthony P. Vanky.
Ph. D.
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Doussard, Claire. « Evaluer les éco-quartiers : analyses comparatives internationales ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H070/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les éco-quartiers contribuent, depuis la fin du XXe siècle, à l'essor d'un modèle de ville durable à travers le monde. Cependant, si les grands principes théoriques du développement durable font relativement consensus à l'échelle internationale, les modalités de leur application au niveau local sont multiples et diverses. Suite à ce constat, de nombreux acteurs déploient dès la fin des années 2000 des référentiels de suivi et d'évaluation des éco-quartiers. Ces derniers permettent d'orienter la conception et la construction des quartiers durables tout en justifiant les choix retenus, et ce grâce à la mesure de leur performance selon plusieurs critères consensuels et mesurables dans le temps. Ces référentiels, conçus à l'échelle locale et souvent standardisés, sont en outre susceptibles d'être exportés à l'international, indépendamment du milieu naturel et culturel dans lequel ils s'appliquent. Ceci représente un paradoxe vis à vis du concept de développement durable qui promeut l'intégration des projets à un territoire spécifique. Aussi, le travail de thèse interroge l'impact des référentiels d'évaluation sur l'intégration territoriale des éco-quartiers au travers de l'analyse de trois études de cas en France, aux Etats-Unis et au Brésil: Clichy Batignolles localisé à Paris et labellisé EcoQuartier, Melrose Commons développé à New York et certifié LEED-ND, et llha Pura construit à Rio de Janeiro à la fois certifié LEED-ND et AQUA -HQE-A. Notre étude examine également succinctement un quatrième cas, le quartier de Vinhomes Riverside ayant reçu le prix de l'architecture ve1te du Vietnam et construit à Hanoï, dont l'étude n'a pu être complètement aboutie faute d'accès à des données essentielles à notre analyse. Nous énonçons le postulat qu'il existe des divergences entre les objectifs de performance fixés par le référentiel, ceux exigés par les acteurs du projet menant à une évaluation donnée, et enfin la réalité de l'éco-quartier une fois construit au sein d'un territoire plus large. Ces divergences sont particulièrement fortes en cas d'export du référentiel. Elles sont en outre mesurables et témoignent de différences de niveau d'intégration. Aussi, notre recherche s'appuie sur la comparaison des cas selon trois phases à savoir: 1) le choix du référentiel 2) l'évaluation du projet d'éco-quartier par le référentiel dont il estime la performance, et enfin 3) le résultat opérationnel, c'est à dire l'écoquartier construit. La méthodologie de recherche est multidisciplinaire et déploie des outils associés aux statistiques, à l'ingénierie du territoire, à la géographie, mais aussi à l'analyse architecturale, urbaine et paysagère. Nous observons que les référentiels s'appuient sur diverses stratégies relatives à la sélection et à la mesure d'indicateurs permettant de planifier l'intégration du quartier au sein d'un territoire donné. Cette intégration est néanmoins extrêmement variable non seulement en fonction des critères et des échelles d'analyse choisis, mais aussi des jeux d'acteurs qui adaptent leur démarche aux spécificités d'un site. Les référentiels d'évaluation occultent alors la complexité, et sous-estiment la richesse de la diversité des éco-quartiers contemporainsSince the end of the 20th century, eco-neighborhoods have contributed to the international development of a sustainable city paradigm. However, while the concept of sustainable development is today the result of an international consensus, its urban applications at the local level are multiple and diverse. Following this observation, many stakeholders have designed neighborhood sustainability assessment tools (NSAT) in the past ten years. The latter contribute to the design and construction of sustainable neighborhoods while justifying stakeholders choices. Those tools also measure the eco-neighborhood performance, using several consensual and measurable criteria over time. Moreover, NSA T which are locally designed and often standardized, are likely to be exported internationally. However, internationally exporting a NSAT designed locally is paradoxical, in relation to sustainable development principles. Our research examines the impact of NSAT on eco-neighborhoods' territorial integration. It analyses three case studies located in France, the United States and Brazil. Clichy Batignolles was developed in Paris and received the EcoQuartier label. Melrose Commons was built in New York and is LEED-ND certified. Ilha Pura is located in Rio de Janeiro, and is both LEED-ND and AQUA-HQE-A certified. Our study also briefly examines a fow1h case. Vinhomes Riverside was built in Hanoi, and received the Vietnam Green Architecture Award. However, our analysis could not be completed due to the Jack of access to essential data. From the data we do have, we extrapolate that there are discrepancies between the objectives set by the NSA T, those requested by the project's stakeholders leading to a given assessment, and finally the reality of the built econeighborhood. These discrepancies are more important when the NSA T has been exported. They are also measurable, and enlighten different levels of projects' territorial integration. Our research is based on the comparison of the cases. This comparison is following three steps: 1) analyzing the chosen NSA T 2) studying the eco-neighborhood performance score and 3) analyzing the built project. Our methodology is multidisciplinary and uses tools related to statistics, territorial engineering, geography, and architectural, urban and landscape analysis. We conclude that NSAT use various strategies related to the selection and measurement of indicators to integrate a neighborhood within a given territory. However, this integration is extremely variable. This is not only due to criteria and scale selection, but also to stakeholders who adapt their strategies to their territory. Finally, NSAT conceals urban complexities, and underestimates the diversity of contemporary eco-neighborhoods
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Ozdemirli, Yelda. « An Institutional Analysis Of The Transformation Of Informal Housing Settlements In Turkey : A Case Study In The Sentepe Neighbourhood Of Ankara ». Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615047/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Transformation of informal housing settlements by urban renewal and redevelopment has become one of the major tasks of Turkish urban policy in the last decades. Nevertheless, in some cases urban redevelopment could not be facilitated due to low level of investmentsand moreover most of the transformed settlements are still problematic with added difficulties brought out by urban transformation itself such as lower levels of physical quality, gentrification or dislocation. Understanding the sources of these implications and incompetence would be an important step for developing more successful policy and planning tools. To serve this aim, hypothesizing that there would be available regulatory tools including planning besides policy options relying on finance for local and central authorities and planning institutions on the basis of their political and regulative power and resources to overcome most of these bottlenecks
I have carried out both a theoretical and an empirical research to discuss the relevancy of this hypothesis. First, I have developed an institutional model of urban transformation to unravel the constituent shaping factors and actors of the process. Secondly, I have implemented this model for the analyses of urban transformation in informal settlements in Turkey with a case study in Sentepe and carried out surveys with households and interviews with developers to focus more on household and developer perspectives in terms of their aims and the implications they have an impact upon and are subjected to. Thus, this thesis includes an institutional analysis of urban transformation in informal settlements of Turkey, outlines the major problems of implications, discusses the links between factors, actors, events and their implications and accordingly searches for clues of efficient policies and better practices in urban transformation with a case study in Sentepe Neighbourhood. The findings of the empirical study revealed that first and foremost, the problem of disinvestment and very low levels of transformation in the area have been solved dramatically by a new '
project'
by the local authority in 2005, after almost twenty years passed since the first redevelopment plans were prepared. Moreover, the results indicate that the Sentepe Transformation Project could also managed to avoid the well-known unintended or undesirable social outcomes of a typical redevelopment like dislocation of residents or social integration of initial and new residents. These findings of the research suggest that local authorities and planning institutions could avoid some but not all of the bottlenecks and drawbacks of market mechanism in urban redevelopment even by making minor changes in the institutional environment such as providing information flow, easing the procedures for investors and developers, changing subdivisions and planning additional green areas for increasing the attractiveness of investments by builders in that area, and adoption of more participative approaches for developers and households. On the other hand, if the complementary housing and non-housing policies for redevelopment
such as affordable housing, employment or rent assistance are lacking, some of the outlined problems remain hard to solve. For local authorities and planners, these findings suggest the importance of accommodating policies, which are more responsive to the locality, to the needs and perceptions of local residents, local developers and local economy as well as of considering vulnerable sections of the society. For central authorities, on the other hand, the findings underline the cruciality of upper scale policies both directly and indirectly related to housing such as affordable housing and employment in the overall success of any local urban redevelopment practice. Once we have the institutional model to imply on various urban renewal processes, it would be helpful to carry out comparative studies for future research to better understand and evaluate various policy tools.
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Lam, Shan-shan Vicky, et 林珊珊. « Network and urban form analyses : an approach to routing bus transit in geographic information systems ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4212850X.
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Månsson, Nina. « Substance flow analyses of metals and organic compounds in an urban environment : – the Stockholm example ». Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1450.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The intensified use of materials, products and goods in our time involves massive consumption of metals and organic compounds that can be released from society to the environment in the various stages of production, use and waste. Depending on the circumstances this may give rise to environmental risks, as metals in general and certain organic substances may be toxic in the short or long term. So where have those metals and organic substances been utilized? In which products or environments? Substance flow analysis (SFA) is a method to deal with these issues. The results from the analysis are quantifications of flows and stocks in a systematic way and within defined system boundaries.In this thesis four main research areas are identified, which need to be addressed. i) Application of SFA on substances that have not been studied in this respect before, which can give knowledge about flows and stocks related to consumption of goods. ii) Development of SFA to meet the needs in studies of trends for the substance cycles and studies of quantification of potential changes. iii) Assessment of which different agents and actions that induce the changes, such as chemical regulations, environmental objectives and aims. To what extent can these changes be related to substance flows? iv) Finally to assess, how can SFA be useful in environmental decisions? The specified aims focus on the metals antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) and the group of organic compounds alkylphenol/alkylphenol ethoxylates (AP/APEO), in urban environments, exemplified with case studies of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.This thesis is a result of five studies. Three were based mainly on the methodology of SFA (Paper I-III). It has also been important to develop the chemical analysis of metals in goods where there has been a lack of information (Paper IV). Furthermore, assessment of policy questions and chemical regulations involve qualitative approaches and discussions (Paper I and V).The results show urban flows and stocks of the metals Cd, Hg, Pb and Sb and the group of organic substances AP/APEO. The results confirm that goods are important for the release of the substances studied. For Sb, emissions from brake linings (96%) dominate, but there are small emissions from textiles, potential emissions from flame retarded goods and probably small point sources. For AP/APEO the textile emissions were previously underestimated and the SFA presented here included this and pose textiles and cleaning agents as major emission source to wastewater.To repeat studies and to compare results from different years was a development of the SFA-method, which showed that Cd and Hg are being phased out as the inflow and stocks show diminished amounts, whereas the emissions remain approximately constant when comparing 1995 with 2002/2003. For Pb it is possible to talk about a phase-out of some specific goods, but not in general for inflow and stock.The changes in urban metabolism could be related to environmental decisions, e.g. effects of local initiatives and in some cases voluntary initiatives, but also as result of prevailing chemicals regulation. The utility of SFAs for decision makers may be related to methodological issues, such as the accounting approach. However, the utility was also found to depend on the structure of the monitoring, that is screening in the environment and concentration in wastewaters and sewage sludge precede the source mapping conducted with SFA. Substance Flow Analysis will likely continue to serve as the broad information tool for one substance at a time, which will offer source characterization of diffuse emissions in urban environments.
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Lam, Shan-shan Vicky. « Network and urban form analyses : an approach to routing bus transit in geographic information systems / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4212850X.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Urban analyses"
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Transportation impact analyses for site development. Washington, D.C : Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2010.
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Véronique, Dupont, et Heuzé Djallal G, dir. La ville en Asie du Sud : Analyse et mise en perspective = Cities in South Asia : analyses and prospects. Paris : Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences, 2007.
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Inc, ebrary, dir. Built environment and car travel : Analyses of interdependencies. Delft, the Netherlands : Thesis Delft University of Technology, 2009.
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Ronald, Berkman, dir. In the national interest : The 1990 Urban Summit : with related analyses, transcript, and papers. New York : Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1992.
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Jens, Hesse Joachim, dir. Local government and urban affairs in international perspective : Analyses of twenty Western industrialised countries. Baden-Baden : Nomos, 1991.
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Furtado, Bernardo Alves. Modeling social heterogeneity, neighborhoods and local influences on urban real estate prices : Spatial dynamic analyses in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, Brazil. Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2009.
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Modeling social heterogeneity, neighborhoods and local influences on urban real estate prices : Spatial dynamic analyses in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, Brazil. Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2009.
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Basics urban analysis. Basel ; Boston : Birkhauser, 2009.
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Pacione, Michael. Urban problems : An applied urban analysis. London : Routledge, 1990.
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Baum, Scott, dir. Methods in Urban Analysis. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1677-8.
Texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Urban analyses"
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Rodríguez-García, María Jesús, Clemente J. Navarro Yáñez et María José Guerrero-Mayo. « The Nature and the Policy Added Value of EU Integrated Urban Initiatives : Research Issues and Strategies ». Dans EU Integrated Urban Initiatives, 33–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20885-0_2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractAfter reviewing the main research strategies applied to analyse urban initiatives promoted by the EU, this chapter proposes the ‘urban policy portfolio analysis’ (CUPPA) approach to perform comparative analyses at the level of local strategies. Previous exercises about EU urban initiatives have analysed their legal framework, applied the classical programme perspective (spending and other aspects) or studied specific case studies. These approaches study the urban dimension of the European Cohesion Policy or national applications as a whole or provide in-depth information about detailed local plans. However, these approaches do not provide systematic information to perform comparative analyses at the local strategies level. The CUPPA approach provided comparative methods to perform bottom-up analyses (from the local strategy level to policy frames) of design and implementation processes theoretically founded in previous research on urban policies. Therefore, this approach is aligned with the multi-level and complex character of integrated urban strategies promoted by the EU. And, therefore, allow for multi-scalar comparative analyses of strategies (at the local level) and the actual character of policy frames (regional, national, and EU levels) from a cross-time and cross-sectional perspective.
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Lane, Murray, et Les Dawes. « Carrying Capacity Dashboard Analyses—Australian Case Studies of Populations Scaled to Place ». Dans Urban Environment, 27–37. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7756-9_3.
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Raubal, Martin, Dominik Bucher et Henry Martin. « Geosmartness for Personalized and Sustainable Future Urban Mobility ». Dans Urban Informatics, 59–83. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractUrban mobility and the transport of people have been increasing in volume inexorably for decades. Despite the advantages and opportunities mobility has brought to our society, there are also severe drawbacks such as the transport sector’s role as one of the main contributors to greenhouse-gas emissions and traffic jams. In the future, an increasing number of people will be living in large urban settings, and therefore, these problems must be solved to assure livable environments. The rapid progress of information and communication, and geographic information technologies, has paved the way for urban informatics and smart cities, which allow for large-scale urban analytics as well as supporting people in their complex mobile decision making. This chapter demonstrates how geosmartness, a combination of novel spatial-data sources, computational methods, and geospatial technologies, provides opportunities for scientists to perform large-scale spatio-temporal analyses of mobility patterns as well as to investigate people’s mobile decision making. Mobility-pattern analysis is necessary for evaluating real-time situations and for making predictions regarding future states. These analyses can also help detect behavioral changes, such as the impact of people’s travel habits or novel travel options, possibly leading to more sustainable forms of transport. Mobile technologies provide novel ways of user support. Examples cover movement-data analysis within the context of multi-modal and energy-efficient mobility, as well as mobile decision-making support through gaze-based interaction.
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Navarro Yáñez, Clemente J., Manuel Fernández-García et Alicia Domínguez-González. « The Impact of the URBAN Initiative : On Residential Mobility and ‘Contextual Exposure’ to EU-Integrated Urban Development Strategies ». Dans EU Integrated Urban Initiatives, 131–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20885-0_8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractPrevious evaluations of integrated area-based initiatives have shown moderate effects on residents’ living conditions and, therefore, neighbourhood socioeconomic composition. This chapter sustains this could be explained by residential mobility in targeted neighbourhoods: according to the ‘neighbourhood revitalisation’ frame of policy analysed, impacts should be more evident among ‘stayers’ residents who have been exposed to the project implementation. This idea is studied by performing two analyses: all residents and only ‘stayers’ residents. Both apply a repeated measurement with control groups design to analyse the change in unemployment rates, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status in experimental and control neighbourhoods. The analysis controlling by contextual exposure, including only stayers residents, shows a better impact than the analysis including all residents. Therefore, in addition to contrafactual selection according to programme eligibility criteria, impact studies should consider residential mobility as a confounding factor regarding the impact of area-based policy actions on targeted territories providing policy evidence for the debate between urban revitalisation and state-led gentrification theses on area-based initiatives.
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Birkeland, Janis. « SMT Analyses for Physical Design ». Dans Net-Positive Design and Sustainable Urban Development, 155–80. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429290213-7.
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Birkeland, Janis. « SMT Analyses for Institutional Design ». Dans Net-Positive Design and Sustainable Urban Development, 181–200. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429290213-8.
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Husbands, Christopher T. « Aggregate-data analyses of urban racist voting ». Dans Reflections on the Extreme Right in Western Europe, 1990–2008, 224–44. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series : Fascism and the far right : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429060076-9.
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Gao, Song, Yu Liu, Yuhao Kang et Fan Zhang. « User-Generated Content : A Promising Data Source for Urban Informatics ». Dans Urban Informatics, 503–22. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_28.
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AbstractThis chapter summarizes different types of user-generated content (UGC) in urban informatics and then gives a systematic review of their data sources, methodologies, and applications. Case studies in three genres are interpreted to demonstrate the effectiveness of UGC. First, we use geotagged social media data, a type of single-sourced UGC, to extract citizen demographics, mobility patterns, and place semantics associated with various urban functional regions. Second, we bridge UGC and professional-generated content (PGC), in order to take advantage of both sides. The third application links multi-sourced UGC to uncover urban spatial structures and human dynamics. We suggest that UGC data contain rich information in diverse aspects. In addition, analysis of sentiment from geotagged texts and photos, along with the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence methods, is discussed to help understand the linkage between human emotions and surrounding environments. Drawing on the analyses, we summarize a number of future research areas that call for attention in urban informatics.
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Herrera-Gutiérrez, María Rosa, Lucía Muñoz-García et Enrique Pastor-Seller. « The Agenda of Urban Sustainable Development Initiatives : Challenges, Goals, and Actions Across Policy Areas ». Dans EU Integrated Urban Initiatives, 63–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20885-0_4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractProblems to solve, objectives, and policy actions are the main components of the policy agenda of local strategies. The European framework for sustainable urban development sustains that urban policy initiatives have to pay attention to five main policy sectors to promote sustainable urban development: physical space, economic development, social inclusion, environment, and governance. Applying the CUPPA approach, this chapter analyses the relevance of these five policy sectors as problems, objectives, and policy actions in local projects. Comparing URBAN and URBANA Initiatives, the chapter shows the growing importance of environmental and governance issues. Moreover, the comparison shows a change in the policy frame of URBAN and URBANA programmes from the classical ‘neighbourhood revitalisation’ (centred on physical space and social inclusion) to the current ‘sustainable neighbourhoods’ frame (more comprehensive portfolios across policy sectors and a more important role to community).
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Domínguez-González, Alicia, et Clemente J. Navarro Yáñez. « The Impact of EU-Integrated Urban Development Initiatives : Research Strategies Beyond ‘Good Practices’ ». Dans EU Integrated Urban Initiatives, 111–30. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20885-0_7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractAfter reviewing previous research strategies applied to evaluate the impacts of EU urban initiatives, and previous evaluative assessments of similar place-based initiatives, this chapter proposes the use of ‘controlled comparisons’ to perform this crucial task for the urban dimension of the European Cohesion Policy: analyses should compare changes before and after interventions between territorial targets and appropriate contrafactual. Previous studies on policy effectiveness have analysed programme outcomes or case studies, but their results do not provide information about initiatives’ impacts due to the lack of contrafactual comparison. Besides, urban initiatives establish some ‘eligibility criteria’ to select their territorial targets. Therefore, contrafactual should be chosen according to the criteria. Based on these ideas, this chapter applies propensity score matching to select appropriate experimental and control groups to evaluate the impact of EU urban initiatives in Spain. The following chapters use the chosen neighbourhoods (experimental and control groups) to perform impact analyses using different methodological approaches.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Urban analyses"
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Vorraa, T., et A. Brignone. « Modelling traffic in detail with mesoscopic models : opening powerful new possibilities for traffic analyses ». Dans URBAN TRANSPORT 2008. Southampton, UK : WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut080641.
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KHAN, MOHROSHAN, et SATYANARAYANA MURTY DASAKA. « APPLICATION OF RIGID-BODY NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR MODELLING WHEEL-RAIL CONTACT INTERACTIONS AND 3D MOVING LOAD ANALYSES ». Dans URBAN TRANSPORT 2017. Southampton UK : WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut170151.
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Nie, Linmei, Wolfgang Schilling, Ånund Killingtveit, Sveinung Sægrov et Ingrid Selseth. « GIS Based Urban Drainage Analyses and Their Preliminary Applications in Urban Stormwater Management ». Dans Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)117.
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Yuelong, Su, Yao Danya, Zhang Yi, Wei Zheng et Cheng Sihan. « Road User¿s Behavior Analyses of Urban Intersections ». Dans 2007 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2007.4357650.
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Fiorito, Stefano, Francesco Orsi, Francisco Manuel Serdoura et Victor Ferreira. « Data Extraction from Social Networks for Urban Analyses ». Dans eCAADe 2013 : Computation and Performance. eCAADe, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.439.
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Fiorito, Stefano, Francesco Orsi, Francisco Manuel Serdoura et Victor Ferreira. « Data Extraction from Social Networks for Urban Analyses ». Dans eCAADe 2013 : Computation and Performance. eCAADe, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.439.
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Erin, Irem, Alessandro Araldi, Giovanni Fusco et Ebru Cubukcu. « Quantitative Methods of Urban Morphology in Urban Design and Environmental Psychology ». Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5732.
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Irem Erin¹, Alessandro Araldi², Giovanni Fusco2, Ebru Cubukcu1, ¹City and Regional Planning Department. Dokuz Eylul University. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi-Mimarlık Fakültesi Tınaztepe Kampüsü, Doğuş Caddesi No:209, 35160 Buca- IZMIR, Turkey ²Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR ESPACE. 98 Bd Edouard Herriot, BP 3209 06204 NICE cedex 3, France E-mail: irem.erin@deu.edu.tr, alessandro.araldi@unice.fr, giovanni.fusco@unice.fr, ebru.cubukcu@deu.edu.trTelephone number: +905363341475 Keywords (3-5): Morphological analysis, quantitative methods, urban design, environmental psychology Urban morphology investigates “how cities are built and why, how cities should be built, what should be built and what has actually been built?” (Moudon 1997). Together with the qualitative analysis, the founding fathers of urban morphology also proposed quantitative measures of urban fabrics. Allain's methodological work (2004) presents an overview of these quantitative analyses of topological, dimensional and geometrical relations among form elements in urban fabrics. However, urban morphologists have traditionally resisted computer-based geoprocessing of urban form and their calculations were mainly carried out manually. Thanks to technological developments, the number of quantitative studies in urban morphology has increased and fully integrated geoprocessing. More sophisticated computer-aided analyses have increased the potential applications in urban design and in environmental psychology research. Space Syntax (Hillier 1998) and Multiple Centrality Assessment (Porta et al. 2006) are configurational, multi-scale approaches to the analysis of the urban street network, but miss the interplay between streets, building and parcels composing urban fabric. Space Matrix (Berghauser Pont and Haupt 2010) and, more recently, Multiple Fabric Assessment (Araldi and Fusco 2017) are geoprocessing quantitative approaches to the analysis of urban fabric morphology. This study has two aims; (1) classify quantitative urban morphology methods and (2) discuss how these methods could be applied in urban design and environmental psychology. First, the evolution of these methods along with the theories in urban morphology from qualitative to quantitative approaches will be discussed. Methods will be classified by combining their goals, as well as the morphological objects and the scales on which the analyses will focus. Finally, we will discuss how these methods could be combined and used in two different research perspectives: urban design and environmental psychology. References Allain, R (2004) Morphologie urbaine: géographie, aménagement et architecture de la ville, Paris, Armand Collin Araldi A., Fusco G. (2017) Decomposing and Recomposing Urban Fabric: the City from the Pedestrian Point of View, ICCSA 2017 Proceedings (in press) Berghauser Pont, M., Haupt, P. (2010). SPACEMATRIX, Space, Density and Urban Form. Rotterdam, NAi Publishers. Hillier, B. (1998) Space is the machine: A configurational Theory of Architecture, Cambridge University Press. Moudon, A. V. (1997). Urban morphology as an emerging. Urban morphology,1, 3-10. Porta S., Crucitti P., and Latora V. (2006) The network analysis of urban streets: a primal approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33(5):705-725.
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Xiao, Yan, Bingxin Wang et Hui Sun. « Quantitative analysis of the topologic morphology of urban street network based on system coupling theory ». Dans Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/eogp1958.
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Researchers are increasingly paying attention to urban morphology to address problems regarding urban form and to sustain the development of urban economy, society, and environments. A preliminary research framework was built to conduct coupling analyses on street form and block functions. These analyses are implemented using a planar graph method and using quantitative descriptions of the urban streets functions, but the coupling relation of street morphology and block function cannot be well defined, and it often cannot be analyzed in multi-level and multi-scale. Along with two proposed measuring parameters (connectivity and accessibility of coupling networks), the framework was used to quantitatively analyze the coupling coordination degree of the topologic morphology and functional structure of block samples for various urban streets. Through empirical research on different samples from Dalian, China, we validated the operability and urban street network coupling analysis in different spatial regions in built environments. This technique can be used to study the overall spatial morphology and design urban streets at different scales and scopes. Further, it helps recognize the space and cultural connotations of urban streets via spatial coupling, compare different urban textures, and predict design results to foster discussions on the optimization of urban planning design schemes.
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Tapias, Estefania, et Shubham Soni. « Building-up urban open spaces from shadow range analyses ». Dans eCAADe 2014 : Fusion. eCAADe, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.129.
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Solomko, M. N. « TENDENCIES OF URBAN DISTRICTS’ BUDGETS REGULATION ». Dans Problems and mechanisms of implementation of national priorities of socio-economic development of Russia. Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0740-0-2020-139-146.
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The view of practice of urban districts’ budgets regulation is presented. We have analyzed structure and dynamic of intergovernmental grants provided to budgets of urban districts. On the base of analyses results we have revealed common trends and regional differences and formulated some recommendation for budget regulation improvement
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Urban analyses"
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Bastian, Elizabeth, Natalie Myers, Charles Ehlschlaeger et Jeffrey Burkhalter. Quantifying uncertainty in population weighting of Twitter analyses for urban risk assessment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/34163.
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Roesler, Jeffery, Roberto Montemayor, John DeSantis et Prakhar Gupta. Evaluation of Premature Cracking in Urban Concrete Pavement. Illinois Center for Transportation, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-001.
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This study investigated the causes for premature, transverse cracking on urban jointed plain concrete pavements in Illinois. A field survey of 67 sections throughout Illinois coupled with ultrasonic evaluation was completed to synthesize the extent of premature cracking on urban JPCP. The visual survey showed some transverse and longitudinal cracks were a result of improper slab geometry (excessive slab length and width). Ultrasonic tests over the contraction joints determined some notched joints had not activated and adjacent transverse cracks were likely formed as a result. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses confirmed that cracking would not develop as a result of normal environmental factors and slab-base frictional restraint. The concrete mixture also did not appear to be a contributing factor to the premature cracks. Finally, the lack of lubrication on dowel bars was determined to potentially be a primary mechanism that could restrain the transverse contraction joints, produce excessive tensile stresses in the slab, and cause premature transverse cracks to develop.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. The Social Economic Impacts of Covid-19 in Informal Urban Settlements. Institute of Development Studies, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.008.
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The social economic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in informal urban settlements are widely discussed in the literature, as are the risk factors for particular social and economic groups in these areas. However, government responses and evidence of their impact do not appear to rise to the challenges posed by these studies. Pre-pandemic analyses of risk factors in informal urban settlements and newly collected evidence from different contexts are available to understand the unique and pressing challenges that the pandemic poses to wellbeing in informal urban settlements. In contrast, there is little evidence of effective policy and programme solutions to address these challenges, which is likely driven by the absence of targeted policies and programmes to support people living in informal urban settlements. As a result, many communities have had to rely on their own limited resources and support networks to respond to the crisis (Wilkinson, 2021). This report briefly summarises the range of available evidence on the social economic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in informal urban settlements and the intersectional differences in how different identity groups living in them have experienced the pandemic. Following a short introduction to the context of the Covid-19 crisis in these areas, the report outlines three thematic areas that have received significant attention in the literature and policy discourses – livelihoods and poverty, food security, and education. While not an exhaustive list, this range of topics is indicative of the range of evidence available and outstanding gaps. The remaining section details evidence of how different identity groups living in informal urban settlements have experienced the pandemic based on gender, disability, age, and migration status. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, with some opinion pieces and blogs also included given the ongoing nature of the pandemic.
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Innocenti, Charles W. Intelligence Analysis for Urban Combat. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403530.
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Eckert, Fabian, Sharat Ganapati et Conor Walsh. Urban-Biased Growth : A Macroeconomic Analysis. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30515.
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Singer, Mark R., et Caley R. Johnson. Jamaica Urban Transit Company Drive-Cycle Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1510427.
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Hochmair, Hartwig, Adam Benjamin, Daniel Gann, Levente Juhasz et Zhaohui Fu. Miami-Dade County Urban Tree Canopy Analysis. Florida International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/gis.009116.
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This assessment focuses on describing urban tree canopy (UTC) within the Urban Development Boundary of Miami-Dade County, as defined by the Miami-Dade County Transportation Planning Organization (Figure 1). The area (intracoastal water areas excluded) encompasses approximately 1147 km2 (443 mi2). A combination of remote sensing and publicly available vector data was used to classify the following land cover classes: tree canopy/shrubs, grass, bare ground, wetland, water, building, street/railroad, other impervious surfaces, and cropland.
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Yao, Yixin, Mingyuan Fan, Arnaud Heckmann et Corazon Posadas. Transformative Solutions and Green Finance in the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/xfvh2542.
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Asia has experienced widespread transformation and growth, accompanied by increased demographic pressure, greater intensification of agricultural production, industrialization, and urbanization. This economic growth has been very resource- and carbon-intensive, while climate change has triggered or exacerbated behaviors and defense mechanisms that have come at the expense of the natural environment. Therefore, we examine and compare three Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects in two member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: one in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and two in Mongolia that relate to sustainable green development and use innovative financial mechanisms, and behavior-changing nudges. We provide comparative analyses and aim to demonstrate effective, innovative, and sustainable green finance and green transformation approaches in these two countries to address these pressures. The ADB–PRC loan for the Anhui Huangshan Xin’an River Ecological Protection and Green Development project aims to help Huangshan municipality reduce water pollution in the Xin’an River Basin, which is part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The project is piloting innovative green financing mechanisms to reduce rural pollution and complement the ongoing interprovincial eco-compensation scheme while supporting green agroecological businesses through two interventions: the Green Investment Fund and the Green Incentive Mechanism. In Mongolia, ADB and the Government of Mongolia have developed two large-scale transformative projects using integrated design and innovative green financing mechanisms to leverage private sector investment: (i) Aimags and Soums Green Regional Development Investment Program, which aims to promote green urban–rural linkages, green agribusiness development, natural capital, rangeland regeneration, and soil carbon sequestration through the (ii) Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Project, which aims to transform Ulaanbaatar’s vulnerable and substandard peri-urban areas into low-carbon, resilient eco-districts that provide access to green affordable housing.
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Hepfinger, Lisa B. Analysis of Urban Terrain Data for Use in the Development of an Urban Camouflage Pattern. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada218626.
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Pradeep Kumar, Kaavya. Reporting in a Warming World : A Media Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/rwwmr08.2021.
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The media plays a critical role in terms of shaping public perceptions, but they have a task on their hands in terms of effectively communicating a subject as vast and complex as climate change. India is among the countries most affected and yet reporting on the subject has been episodic, with peaks around the time of climate summits and in the immediate aftermath of disasters such as cyclones, heatwaves and extreme rainfall events. Through a media review, undertaken as part of the Earth Journalism Network Asia-Pacific Media Grant, we sought to understand patterns of representation in news coverage about urban drought and extreme weather events – predicted to occur more frequently and intensely in a warming world. This report details the methodology we followed, our findings and analyses them in the context of other work done as part of the evolving field of climate change communication.