Articles de revues : « Upanas »

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Fifiyanti, Debby, Arvela Firsta Henriques et Pniel Gandyanto Andhika Putra. « The Effectiveness of Use of Upanat in Supporting Sustainable Tourism at Borobudur Temple ». JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DAN KELUARGA 15, n^o 02 (31 décembre 2023) : 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jpk/vol15-iss02/1278.

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The Upanat is a special type of footwear designed specifically for climbing the structure of the Borobudur Temple. The design of the Upanat focuses on sponge-type footwear, material resistance to physical and chemical processes, and wearing comfort. The primary purpose of using Upanat is to minimize the friction between the temple stones and footwear, thus preventing wear and tear and maintaining the structure of the Borobudur Temple. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using Upanat at the Borobudur Temple, and a descriptive qualitative approach was used to collect data through direct interviews, observations, and documentation. The determination of the effectiveness of Upanat use at the Borobudur Temple was carried out in three stages: reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that Upanat is highly effective in reducing wear and tear on the stairs and floors of the Borobudur Temple, as it uses materials that cause minimal friction.

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Sulakshana, Jaybhaye, Zerikunthe Swapna et Kendre Manchak. « CHATURMAS UPAVAS (FASTING) – A SCIENTIFIC REVIEW ». International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, n^o 9 (23 septembre 2020) : 4493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3108092020.

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Chaturmas Upvas is as old as human being. Maharshi Vyas transcribed first time regarding various rituals. Chaturmas means four months. It is a holy period from July to October. Upvas is withdrawal of senses from materialistic world as well as going back from misconduct and living quality life at all level. It is prac-ticed for spiritual upgrading as well as to worship the God. It is ‘willful refrainment from eating all or some kind of food or drink or total abstinence from all kinds of food for definite period of time’ but it is much more than simply not eating, it is for overall well-being and to acquire divine grace. It contributes in purifi-cation of body as well as mind and improves overall health which is mainstay of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha for which human is supposed to borne. In this article, Chaturmas Upvas and its contribution in physical, spiritual and mental health is reviewed scientifically.

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Curino, Alejandro C., Lars H. Engelholm, Susan S. Yamada, Kenn Holmbeck, Leif R. Lund, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Niels Behrendt, Boye Schnack Nielsen et Thomas H. Bugge. « Intracellular collagen degradation mediated by uPARAP/Endo180 is a major pathway of extracellular matrix turnover during malignancy ». Journal of Cell Biology 169, n^o 6 (20 juin 2005) : 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200411153.

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We recently reported that uPARAP/Endo180 can mediate the cellular uptake and lysosomal degradation of collagen by cultured fibroblasts. Here, we show that uPARAP/Endo180 has a key role in the degradation of collagen during mammary carcinoma progression. In the normal murine mammary gland, uPARAP/Endo180 is widely expressed in periductal fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells that line mammary epithelial cells. This pattern of uPARAP/Endo180 expression is preserved during polyomavirus middle T–induced mammary carcinogenesis, with strong uPARAP/Endo180 expression by mesenchymal cells embedded within the collagenous stroma surrounding nests of uPARAP/Endo180-negative tumor cells. Genetic ablation of uPARAP/Endo180 impaired collagen turnover that is critical to tumor expansion, as evidenced by the abrogation of cellular collagen uptake, tumor fibrosis, and blunted tumor growth. These studies identify uPARAP/Endo180 as a key mediator of collagen turnover in a pathophysiological context.

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Rathod, Dr Sanjay, et Dilip Jhadav. « Ramkrishna Mishra Ke Upanaso Me Rajnetaik Chetavni ». Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, n^o 5 (1 octobre 2011) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2012/48.

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Sharma, Dr Sneh Harshinder. « (Upanyas - Jansi ki Rani Laxmibai (vrundavanlal varma) ». Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, n^o 9 (1 octobre 2011) : 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jun2012/46.

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., Rakhi. « Godan Upanyas Mein Chitrit Bharatiya Krushak Samaj ». RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 5, n^o 10 (15 octobre 2020) : 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2020.v05.i10.024.

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Singh, Kartar, et Kantidevi Meena. « Adivasi Sahitya, Sanskruti Evan Upanyas : Samanya Avlokan ». RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 7, n^o 12 (5 décembre 2020) : 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2020.v07i12.010.

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Sharma, Shivali. « Aakhiri Chhalang' Upanyas mein Chitrit Krushak Jeevan ». RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 6, n^o 9 (15 septembre 2021) : 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2021.v06.i09.017.

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Çakılkaya, Pınar, Rikke Raagaard Sørensen, Henrik Jessen Jürgensen, Oliver Krigslund, Henrik Gårdsvoll, Christoffer F. Nielsen, Eric Santoni-Rugiu, Niels Behrendt et Lars H. Engelholm. « The Collagen Receptor uPARAP in Malignant Mesothelioma : A Potential Diagnostic Marker and Therapeutic Target ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n^o 21 (23 octobre 2021) : 11452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111452.

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Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive cancer with limited therapeutic options. We have previously shown that the endocytic collagen receptor, uPARAP, is upregulated in certain cancers and can be therapeutically targeted. Public RNA expression data display uPARAP overexpression in MM. Thus, to evaluate its potential use in diagnostics and therapy, we quantified uPARAP expression by immunohistochemical H-score in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bioptic/surgical human tissue samples and tissue microarrays. We detected pronounced upregulation of uPARAP in the three main MM subtypes compared to non-malignant reactive mesothelial proliferations, with higher expression in sarcomatoid and biphasic than in epithelioid MM. The upregulation appeared to be independent of patients’ asbestos exposure and unaffected after chemotherapy. Using immunoblotting, we demonstrated high expression of uPARAP in MM cell lines and no expression in a non-malignant mesothelial cell line. Moreover, we showed the specific internalization of an anti-uPARAP monoclonal antibody by the MM cell lines using flow cytometry-based assays and confocal microscopy. Finally, we demonstrated the sensitivity of these cells towards sub-nanomolar concentrations of an antibody-drug conjugate formed with the uPARAP-directed antibody and a potent cytotoxin that led to efficient, uPARAP-specific eradication of the MM cells. Further studies on patient cohorts and functional preclinical models will fully reveal whether uPARAP could be exploited in diagnostics and therapeutic targeting of MM.

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Fivian, Emily, Manoj Parida, Helen Harris-Fry, Satyanarayan Mohanty, Shibanath Padhan, Ronali Pradhan, Pranay Das et al. « Feasibility, acceptability and equity of a mobile intervention for Upscaling Participatory Action and Videos for Agriculture and Nutrition (m-UPAVAN) in rural Odisha, India ». PLOS Global Public Health 4, n^o 5 (14 mai 2024) : e0003206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003206.

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Addressing undernutrition requires strategies that remove barriers to health for all. We adapted an intervention from the ‘UPAVAN’ trial to a mobile intervention (m-UPAVAN) during the COVID-19 pandemic in rural Odisha, India. In UPAVAN, women’s groups viewed and discussed participatory videos on nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive agricultural (NSA) topics. In m-UPAVAN, weekly videos and audios on the same topics were disseminated via WhatsApp and an interactive voice response system. We assessed feasibility, acceptability, and equity of m-UPAVAN using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. m-UPAVAN ran from Mar-Sept 2021 in 133 UPAVAN villages. In Feb-Mar 2021, we invited 1000 mothers of children aged 0–23 months to participate in a sociodemographic phone survey. Of those, we randomly sampled 200 mothers each month for five months for phone surveys to monitor progress against targets. Feasibility targets were met if >70% received videos/audios and >50% watched/listened at least once. Acceptability targets were met if >75% of those watching/listening liked the videos/audios and <20% opted out of the intervention. We investigated mothers’ experiences of the intervention, including preferences for m-UPAVAN versus UPAVAN, using in-person, semi-structured interviews (n = 38). Of the 810 mothers we reached, 666 provided monitoring data at least once. Among these mothers, feasibility and acceptability targets were achieved. m-UPAVAN engaged whole families, which facilitated family-level discussions around promoted practices. Women valued the ability to access m-UPAVAN content on demand. This advantage did not apply to many mothers with limited phone access. Mothers highlighted that the UPAVAN interventions’ in-person participatory approaches and longer videos were more conducive to learning and inclusive, and that mobile approaches provide important complementarity. We conclude that mobile NSA interventions are feasible and acceptable, can engage families, and reinforce learning. However, in-person participatory approaches remain essential for improving equity of NSA interventions. Investments are needed in developing and testing hybrid NSA interventions.

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Barkholt, Pernille, Agnieszka Wozniak, Chao-Chi Wang, Che-Jui Lee, Lore De Kock, Lars H. Engelholm, Carmel Lynch, Dominik Mumberg et Patrick Schöffski. « Abstract 1547 : The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP) is an attractive target for the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for treatment of mesenchymal malignancies ». Cancer Research 83, n^o 7_Supplement (4 avril 2023) : 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1547.

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Abstract Background: Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a complex family of rare malignancies with high unmet medical need. uPARAP is an endocytic receptor expressed at low levels on selected mesenchymal cell types, which internalizes fragments of collagen and transfers them to the lysosome for degradation. Besides its physiological role, uPARAP is considered a critical modulator of the tumor microenvironment. Here, for the first time, we explored the molecular epidemiology of uPARAP in sarcoma tissue to validate this receptor as target for the development of ADCs in this indication. Methods: uPARAP expression was assessed in STS-specific tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from more than three hundred individual donors. Stainings were assessed by histopathologic scoring and grouped into high, medium and low expressing subgroups. Results: uPARAP was found to be strongly over-expressed in a high percentage of cases of common STS, with variations in terms of incidence and level of expression between histological subtypes. High uPARAP expression was found in fibro- (86% of cases), synovial (84%), dedifferentiated lipo- (68%), pleomorphic lipo- (65%), myxofibro- (59%), leiomyo- (49%), and myxoid liposarcoma (24%). Work is ongoing in additional sarcoma subtypes. Conclusions: Based on protein expression uPARAP is an attractive emerging therapeutic target for the development of uPARAP-binding ADCs in a broad range of mesenchymal malignancies. In addition, expression of uPARAP in STS may serve as a potential marker for patient selection in early clinical studies with uPARAP-targeting ADCs. Citation Format: Pernille Barkholt, Agnieszka Wozniak, Chao-Chi Wang, Che-Jui Lee, Lore De Kock, Lars H. Engelholm, Carmel Lynch, Dominik Mumberg, Patrick Schöffski. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP) is an attractive target for the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for treatment of mesenchymal malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1547.

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O, Dharshana Krishnan, et Praveen BS. « A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY ON TILA UPANAHA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SANDHIGATA VATA ». International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, n^o 5 (15 octobre 2022) : 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1305122.

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Introduction: Sandhigata vata is one of the vata vyadhi. Snehana and svedana are the commonly prescribed treatments for this. Upanaha sveda is a variety of svedana especially indicated in managing various vata vyadhi with pain and stiffness as presenting symptoms. A previous study on Atasi (Linum usitatissimum) upanaha in managing knee osteoarthritis showed an encouraging outcome. Tila (Sesamum indicum Linn) is a variety of svedopaga dravya, and tila taila (sesamum oil) is considered best in managing vata diseases. Aim: This clinical study will evaluate the efficacy of tila upanaha and atasi upanaha to ascertain the better. Materials and methods: 20 patients fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria of either sex was selected in each group. Upanaha was done for seven days. Findings were recorded in research performa on the 4th day and 7th day. Follow-up was done on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days. Results: Tila upanaha sveda showed a highly significant

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Sucheta, Desai, Desai Ananta et Borannavar Shaila. « TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF UPANAHA SWEDA IN JANUSANDHIGATA VATA WITH VACHADI AND KOLADI YOGAS A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ». International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, n^o 8 (15 août 2021) : 1675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj1209082021.

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The present scenario of lifestyle is prone to cause many lives deteriorating conditions. Sandhigatavata is one among the Vatavyadhi and the commonest articular disorder affecting the middle-aged, obese, and elderly population. The advancement in working pattern, lifestyle & age-factor, all together have become a prime cause for aggravation of Vata, which accelerates Dhatukshaya (depletion of tissues). Sandhigatavata can be correlated with osteoarthritis (OA) which is one such chronic, degenerative, inflammatory disease that has a great impact on the quality of the life of an individual. OA poses a huge hindrance in the day-to-day activities of the sufferer like walking, dressing, bathing etc. As per Ayurveda, it is caused due to localized accumulation of aggravated Vata in joints, which leads to Shula, Sotha, Vatapoornadritisparsha and functional disability of affected Sandhis. If not treated in time, the disease makes man disable. According to epidemiology the prevalence of osteoarthritis in India is 22-39%. Different treatment modalities like Snehana, Swedana, Lepa, Bandhana, Agni Karma and Raktamokshana are emphasized in Ayurveda to provide better relief from the pain and swelling and restore mobility; for the management of these symptoms, Swedana is the most convenient & best procedure. So, the present study was aimed to assess clinically the effect of Upanaha Swedas in the management of Janusandhigatavata. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Vachadi Upanaha Sweda and Koladi Upanaha Sweda in the management of Janusandhigatavata. Materials and Methods: It was a randomized comparative clinical study; total 40 patients were divided into 2 groups as 20 in each. In Group A, patients were treated with only Vachadi Upanaha Sweda and other group patients were treated with Koladi Upanaha Sweda. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that both the interventions wereeffective in reducing all the signs and symptoms of Janusandhigatavata, however in parameters Shotha, tenderness and walking distance, Koladi Upanaha Sweda showed better response than Vachadi Upanaha Sweda. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of Koladi Upanaha Sweda over Vachadi Upanaha Sweda in Janusandhigatavata both clinically and statistically. Keywords: Janusandhigatavata, knee osteoarthritis, Koladi Upanaha, Vachadi Upanaha, Swedana.

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Jürgensen, Henrik J., Kirstine S. Nørregaard, Megan M. Sibree, Eric Santoni-Rugiu, Daniel H. Madsen, Katharina Wassilew, Dorrit Krustrup et al. « Immune regulation by fibroblasts in tissue injury depends on uPARAP-mediated uptake of collectins ». Journal of Cell Biology 218, n^o 1 (26 octobre 2018) : 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201802148.

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Collectins such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) become temporarily deposited in extravascular compartments after tissue injury and perform immune-stimulatory or inflammation-limiting functions. However, their turnover mechanisms, necessary to prevent excessive tissue damage, are virtually unknown. In this study, we show that fibroblasts in injured tissues undertake the clearance of collectins by using the endocytic collagen receptor uPARAP. In cellular assays, several types of collectins were endocytosed in a highly specific uPARAP-dependent process, not shared by the closely related receptor MR/CD206. When introduced into dermis or bleomycin-injured lungs of mice, collectins MBL and SP-D were endocytosed and routed for lysosomal degradation by uPARAP-positive fibroblasts. Fibroblast-specific expression of uPARAP governed endogenous SP-D levels and overall survival after lung injury. In lung tissue from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, a strong up-regulation of uPARAP was observed in fibroblasts adjacent to regions with SP-D secretion. This study demonstrates a novel immune-regulatory function of fibroblasts and identifies uPARAP as an endocytic receptor in immunity.

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Bühnemann, Gudrun. « The Vallabheśa-Upaniad ». Indo-Iranian Journal 30, n^o 4 (1987) : 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000087790083044.

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Yuan, Cai, Joy He Huang, Min Liu et Mingdong Huang. « Expression and crystallographic studies of the ligand-binding region of the human endocytic collagen receptor uPARAP ». Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, n^o 11 (30 octobre 2015) : 1442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x15018944.

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Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP) is an endocytic receptor that internalizes collagen for lysosomal degradation and plays an important role in matrix remodelling. Previous recombinant protein production of uPARAP inPichia pastorisgenerated protein with highly heterogeneous glycans that was prone to proteolytic degradation, resulting in highly twinned crystals. In this study, the uPARAP ligand-binding region was expressed in stably transfectedDrosophilaS2 insect cells. The recombinant protein was homogeneous after purification by metal-affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. Crystals were obtained at two different pH values (5.3 and 7.4) and diffracted to 2.44 and 3.13 Å resolution, respectively. A model of the ligand-binding region of uPARAP was obtained by molecular replacement combined with autobuilding. As the first multidomain crystal structure of the mannose receptor family, structural characterization of the uPARAP ligand-binding region will provide insight into the pH-induced conformational rearrangements of the mannose receptor family.

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Noor Hidayati. « Nilai-Nilai dalam Permainan Tradisional Banjar “Ba-u-upauan” sebagai Sumber Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial ». ENTITA : Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 3, n^o 2 (11 décembre 2021) : 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ejpis.v3i2.5202.

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Keberhasilan pendidikan mejadikan peserta didik lebih baik dari pada sebelumnya. Faktor penentu dalam keberhasilan pendidikan didukung dengan kepribadian peserta didik. Kepribadian didapat dengan nilai karakter yang ditanamkan melalui proses pembelajaran. Melalui sumber belajar untuk inilah permainan Tradisional “Ba-u-upauan” dianggap mampu membentuk kepribadian dan menumbuhkan nilai-nilai positif peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) Permainan Tradisional Banjar “Ba-u-upauan” (2) Nilai-nilai permainan tradisional “Ba-u-upauan” sebagai sumber belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah Kepala Sekolah, Wakasek, Pendidik dan Peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data menggunakan analis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan permainan tradisional Banjar “Ba-u-upauan” dengan tahapan permainan dimulai dengan persiapan, proses dan penutup. Permainan tradisional Banjar “Ba-u-upauan” terdapat kemandirian dan kebersamaan akhirnya memunculkan nilai-nilai karakter adalah nilai jujur, nilai religius,nilai tanggungjawab, nilai mandiri, nilai kerjasama, nilai rasa ingin tahu, nilai kerja keras, nilai demokratis, nilai komunikatif dan nilai cinta damai yang bisa dijadikan acuan dalam sumber belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial pada jenjang sekolah dasar.

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Wang, Yifei, Wendong Zhang, Zhongting Zhang, Xiangjun Tian, Rossana Lazcano, Pooja Hingorani, Michael Roth et al. « Abstract 2016 : Preclinical evaluation of uPARAP (MRC2) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCE-003,010,011) in osteosarcoma pdx models ». Cancer Research 82, n^o 12_Supplement (15 juin 2022) : 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2016.

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Abstract Introduction: Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs) targeting differentially expressed tumor cell-surface antigens show robust clinical activity in several solid tumor cancers, but none is yet available for osteosarcoma. Due to the high unmet medical need in this indication, there is an urgent requirement to identify respective osteosarcoma cell-surface antigens and evaluate the antitumor activity of an ADC that can deliver tailored cytotoxic payloads to osteosarcoma tumors expressing these targets. Methods: We used an integrated proteomic and transcriptomic surfaceome profiling approach to identify cell-surface proteins that are highly expressed in osteosarcoma but minimally expressed on normal tissues. uPARAP (MRC2) was found to be enriched in osteosarcoma at both protein and mRNA levels. The cell-surface expression of uPARAP (MRC2) was further validated by IHC and flow cytometry with osteosarcoma cell lines, PDX models, and patient tumor tissue microarray. As a proof of concept, three MRC2 targeted ADCs with different Microtubulin- and alkylating agent types of payloads were tested in 8 osteosarcoma PDX models. uPARAP (MRC2) ADC, control ADC, or vehicle control was administered IV to mice harboring flank tumors at a dose of 3mg/kg, weekly X 3 (ADCE-003), 2mg/kg on Day 1 (ADCE-010), and 10mg/kg weekly X 2 (ADCE-011). EFS for treatment (T) and control (C) groups, minimum relative tumor volume (minRTV), and objective response measures were analyzed. Results: Western blotting confirmed the expression of uPARAP (MRC2) in 8 osteosarcoma cell lines and 8 PDX models. Flow cytometry further validated cell-surface localization and expression levels of uPARAP (MRC2) in 7 osteosarcoma cell lines. We then performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining using an osteosarcoma tissue microarray from 37 patients and 19 PDX models. uPARAP (MRC2) was expressed in 97% of the patient samples and 95% of the PDXs. 51% of the patient samples and 39% of the PDXs had an overall H-score of 100 or higher. Mice tolerated ADCs well with minimal toxicity. All 3 ADCs significantly prolonged EFS in 6/8 osteosarcoma models. Complete response (CR) or maintained CR were observed in 2 models in ADCE-010 and ADCE-011 groups, respectively. Conclusions: uPARAP (MRC2) is highly expressed in most osteosarcoma samples, which makes it a viable target for respective antigen targeting ADC therapies. Three uPARAP (MRC2) targeting ADCs showed antitumor activities in osteosarcoma preclinical models which warrant further investigation of uPARAP targeting ADC therapies for osteosarcoma. Citation Format: Yifei Wang, Wendong Zhang, Zhongting Zhang, Xiangjun Tian, Rossana Lazcano, Pooja Hingorani, Michael Roth, Jonathan Gill, Douglas Harrison, Zhaohui Xu, Jing Wang, Niels Behrendt, Christoffer F. Nielsen, Lars H. Engelholm, Richard Gorlick. Preclinical evaluation of uPARAP (MRC2) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCE-003,010,011) in osteosarcoma pdx models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2016.

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Vail, Lise F. « Ascetic Masquerade in the Sam*nya¯sa Upanis*ads ». South Asia : Journal of South Asian Studies 26, n^o 2 (1 août 2003) : 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856400309237.

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Gregersen, Ida, Cecillie R. Løkke, Jette B. Lange, Pernille Barkholt, Christophé Côme, Tina Broberg, Marianne M. Petersen et al. « Abstract 6355 : Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP) is overexpressed in human glioblastomas and is a therapeutic target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) ». Cancer Research 84, n^o 6_Supplement (22 mars 2024) : 6355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6355.

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Abstract Background: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), primarily arising in the brain's frontal and temporal lobes, is a devastating malignancy originating from astrocytes. Despite treatment advancements, the prognosis remains bleak, with a median survival of 15-18 months and a 10% five-year survival rate.Our study explored a novel targeted approach to combat this challenge. uPARAP is an endocytic receptor expressed at low levels on selected mesenchymal cell types but highly overexpressed on the majority of Soft-Tissue- and Bone Sarcomas. It internalizes fragments of collagen and transfers them to the lysosome for degradation. Methods & Results: First, we analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors from GBM patients through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Interestingly, a majority of the samples showed strong but varying uPARAP expression. In parallel, we detected and quantified uPARAP receptor expression in GBM cell lines by flow cytometry, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target.Next, we generated an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) linked to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a potent antimitotic agent. Confocal microscopy showed rapid internalization of the ADC in several GBM cell lines in vitro. Cellular cytotoxicity was demonstrated in Incucyte and Alamar Blue in vitro assays. Finally, anti-tumor activity of the uPARAP-ADC was studied in a GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in vivo, where it resulted in significant tumor regression with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 92 and 97% at 3 and 6 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings show that uPARAP is overexpressed on GBM tumors and that a uPARAP-targeted ADC has anti-tumor activity in a PDX model of GBM. This research provides initial evidence that uPARAP-ADCs could become a novel treatment option for this highly aggressive disease. Citation Format: Ida Gregersen, Cecillie R. Løkke, Jette B. Lange, Pernille Barkholt, Christophé Côme, Tina Broberg, Marianne M. Petersen, Carmel M. Lynch, Dominik Mumberg, Niels Behrendt, Lars H. Engelholm. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP) is overexpressed in human glioblastomas and is a therapeutic target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6355.

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Vipinsha R.S., Bibin K.B. et Amritha Thilak. « A comprehensive guide to Andopanaha - A modified Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma in various forms ». Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, n^o 12 (1 février 2024) : 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.12.27.

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Introduction: The Upanaha Sweda and Anda Pinda Sweda have wide levels of application in Ayurveda practice. Upanaha Sweda is mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Niragni Sweda type. Whereas, other classics like Susruta Samhita and Astanga Hrudaya mention it in the Sagni Sweda variety. So, combining both the views of Acharyas, we can interpret that there are 2 types of Upanaha i.e., Sagni Upanaha & Niragni Upanaha. Anda Pinda Sweda is a type of Snigdha Sankara Sweda. These two classically mentioned therapies are less utilized in many institutions due to various reasons. Here in this study, we are trying the sort out the practical difficulties and find the possible modifications of these classical procedures for their utilization in the modern era. Methodology: With the main intention of developing a Snigdha Swedana procedure having both the benefits of Anda Pinda Sweda and Upanaha Sweda, the Andopanaha is designed. Here in this new method, the Dhanya Dravya is replaced by the (Kukkuta Anda) egg white, which is also a good binding agent. Observations: Compared to the Anda Pinda Sweda procedure the contact of Egg proteins with the skin is more in the Andopanaha procedure. Which helps is more analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory effects of the egg proteins. Discussion: The paper is prepared by authors with the intention that procedures and standards of care must be updated with modern tools and technologies without violating the basic principles of Ayurveda. If the old procedures need any changes according to the modern era they must be followed for their propagation in the public.

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Hedžet Tóth, Cvetka. « Prednost upanja pred spoznanjem ». Ars & ; Humanitas 6, n^o 2 (14 décembre 2012) : 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.6.2.141-152.

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Hedžet Tóth, Cvetka. « Prednost upanja pred spoznanjem ». Ars & ; Humanitas 6, n^o 2 (14 décembre 2012) : 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.6.2.141-152.

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Leslie, Mitch. « uPAR's signaling two step ». Journal of Cell Biology 177, n^o 5 (4 juin 2007) : 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1775iti2.

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Engelholm, Lars H., Karin List, Sarah Netzel-Arnett, Edna Cukierman, David J. Mitola, Hannah Aaronson, Lars Kjøller et al. « uPARAP/Endo180 is essential for cellular uptake of collagen and promotes fibroblast collagen adhesion ». Journal of Cell Biology 160, n^o 7 (31 mars 2003) : 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200211091.

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The uptake and lysosomal degradation of collagen by fibroblasts constitute a major pathway in the turnover of connective tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this pathway are poorly understood. Here, we show that the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor–associated protein (uPARAP)/Endo180, a novel mesenchymally expressed member of the macrophage mannose receptor family of endocytic receptors, is a key player in this process. Fibroblasts from mice with a targeted deletion in the uPARAP/Endo180 gene displayed a near to complete abrogation of collagen endocytosis. Furthermore, these cells had diminished initial adhesion to a range of different collagens, as well as impaired migration on fibrillar collagen. These studies identify a central function of uPARAP/Endo180 in cellular collagen interactions.

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Rajani, Ami, MaheshKumar Vyas et HiteshA Vyas. « Comparative study of Upavasa and Upavasa with Pachana in the management of Agnisada ». AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 31, n^o 3 (2010) : 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.77166.

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Sharma, Shruti. « Yadavendra Sharma 'Chandra' Ke Upanyas 'Dholan Kunjkali' Mein Nihit Sanvedana ». RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 8, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2021) : 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2021.v08i01.016.

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लामिछाने Lamichhane, यादवप्रकाश Yadavprakash, et गीता Geeta लामिछाने Lamichhane. « डायस्पोरिक कोणबाट एटलान्टिक स्ट्रिट उपन्यास Dayasporik Konbata Atlantic Street Upanyas ». AMC Journal 1, n^o 1 (14 décembre 2020) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/amcj.v1i1.33387.

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उपन्यास विश्लेषणका लागि प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा राजवको ‘एटलान्टिक स्ट्रिट’ लाई लिइएकोछ । द्वितीयक सामग्री स्रोतका रूपमा विवेच्य उपन्यासलाई डायस्पोरिक दृष्टिबाट तयार पारिएकोशोधपत्र र विभिन्न पत्रपत्रिकामा प्रकाशित समालोचनात्मक लेख र पुस्तकहरूलाई आधार मानिएको छ । डायस्पोरिक उपन्यास विश्लेषणका सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारलाई आधार सामग्री मानी गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचामा तयार पारिएको प्रस्तुत लेख पुख्र्यौली भूमि र इच्छित भूमि, द्वैध मानसिकता, एकान्तिकता, अतीतप्रति स्मरण, सीमान्तकृत हुनुको पीडा, परादेशीय हुनुको रोमाञ्च र चिन्ता, कहाली लाग्दो भूत र अनिश्चित भविष्य, मनोवैज्ञानिक दासता, पुस्तान्तरिक द्वन्द्व, स्तरपरिवर्तन र स्तर गुम्नुजस्ता पर्याधारको उपयोग गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । त्यस्तै चेतनप्रवाह शैली, अभिघात अभिव्यक्ति, द्वैध सांस्कृतिकता, आस्तित्विक चेतनाको प्रबलता तथा एकसूत्रताको खोजी र कोडमिश्रणलाई हेर्ने काम भएको छ । यसमा बाध्यता वा रहरका कारणले पुख्र्यौली भूमि छाडी इच्छित भूमिमा पुगेपछि वर्षौँसम्म पनि जन्मभूमि फर्कन नसकेको पीडा रहेको छ भने घर–परिवारका लागि खर्चको व्यवस्था गरे पनि पारिवारिक मिलन, भेटघाट र त्यसबाट प्राप्त हुने हार्दिक तथा आत्मिक भावबाट टाढिने स्थिति भने टड्कारो देखिएको छ । प्रारम्भिक दिनमा जागिरको खोजी, अपार्टमेन्टको व्यवस्थापन, मूलधारबाट आपूm र आफ्नो समुदायलाई लत्याइएको तीतो अनुभूति, सहयोगी मित्रको अभाव, बिरानो ठाउँमा आपूmलाई अपरिचित ठान्नु, जताततै असुरक्षित महसुस गर्नु तथा भय र त्रासको भावना विकास हुनुले डायस्पोरिक जीवन कष्टकर रहेको पुष्टि हुन्छ । यसरी डर, त्रास तथा अज्ञात भयको भूमरीभित्र बाँच्ने चाहना राख्दाराख्दै र पारिवारिक सदस्यको सुन्दर भविष्यको सुनिश्चितताको कामना गर्दा गर्दै जीवन व्यतीत हुने सन्दर्भको उल्लेख गरिएको यो डायस्पोरिक उपन्यास महइभ्वपूर्ण उपलब्धिका रूपमा स्थापित भएको छ ।

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Yuan, Cai, Henrik J. Jürgensen, Lars H. Engelholm, Rui Li, Min Liu, Longguang Jiang, Zhipu Luo, Niels Behrendt et Mingdong Huang. « Crystal structures of the ligand-binding region of uPARAP : effect of calcium ion binding ». Biochemical Journal 473, n^o 15 (28 juillet 2016) : 2359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160276.

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The proteins of the mannose receptor (MR) family share a common domain organization and have a broad range of biological functions. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP) (or Endo180) is a member of this family and plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodelling through interaction with its ligands, including collagens and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). We report the crystal structures of the first four domains of uPARAP (also named the ligand-binding region, LBR) at pH 7.4 in Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free forms. The first domain (cysteine-rich or CysR domain) folds into a new and unique conformation different from the β-trefoil fold of typical CysR domains. The so-called long loop regions (LLRs) of the C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) 1 and 2 (the third and fourth domain) mediate the direct contacts between these domains. These LLRs undergo a Ca2+-dependent conformational change, and this is likely to be the key structural determinant affecting the overall conformation of uPARAP. Our results provide a molecular mechanism to support the structural flexibility of uPARAP, and shed light on the structural flexibility of other members of the MR family.

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Nørregaard, Kirstine Sandal, Oliver Krigslund, Niels Behrendt, Lars H. Engelholm et Henrik Jessen Jürgensen. « The collagen receptor uPARAP/Endo180 regulates collectins through unique structural elements in its FNII domain ». Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, n^o 27 (18 mai 2020) : 9157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013710.

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C-type lectins that contain collagen-like domains are known as collectins. These proteins are present both in the circulation and in extravascular compartments and are central players of the innate immune system, contributing to first-line defenses against viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. The collectins mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) are regulated by tissue fibroblasts at extravascular sites via an endocytic mechanism governed by urokinase plasminogen activator receptor–associated protein (uPARAP or Endo180), which is also a collagen receptor. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that drive the uPARAP-mediated cellular uptake of MBL and SP-D. We found that the uptake depends on residues within a protruding loop in the fibronectin type-II (FNII) domain of uPARAP that are also critical for collagen uptake. Importantly, however, we also identified FNII domain residues having an exclusive role in collectin uptake. We noted that these residues are absent in the related collagen receptor, the mannose receptor (MR or CD206), which consistently does not interact with collectins. We also show that the second C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD2) is critical for the uptake of SP-D, but not MBL, indicating an additional level of complexity in the interactions between collectins and uPARAP. Finally, we demonstrate that the same molecular mechanisms enable uPARAP to engage MBL immobilized on the surface of pathogens, thereby expanding the potential biological implications of this interaction. Our study reveals molecular details of the receptor-mediated cellular regulation of collectins and offers critical clues for future investigations into collectin biology and pathology.

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Engelholm, Lars, H. « The collagen receptor uPARAP/Endo180 ». Frontiers in Bioscience Volume, n^o 14 (2009) : 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/3365.

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MOUSAVI, Seyed Ali, Mitsuru SATO, Marita SPORSTØL, Baard SMEDSRØD, Trond BERG, Naosuke KOJIMA et Haruki SENOO. « Uptake of denatured collagen into hepatic stellate cells : evidence for the involvement of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein/Endo180 ». Biochemical Journal 387, n^o 1 (22 mars 2005) : 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040966.

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Tissue remodelling is dependent on the integration of signals that control turnover of ECM (extracellular matrix). Breakdown and endocytosis of collagen, a major component of the ECM, is central to this process. Whereas controlled secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes (such as matrix metalloproteinases) has long been known to mediate ECM breakdown, it is becoming clear that uPARAP/Endo180 (where uPARAP stands for urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein) serves as a receptor that mediates endocytosis of collagen by several types of cells. In the liver, the stellate cells play a major role in turnover of ECM including collagens. These cells synthesize various collagens and also produce matrix metalloproteinases. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of rat hepatic stellate cells to endocytose and degrade 125I-labelled heat-denatured collagen I. It was found that the collagen is efficiently taken up and degraded by these cells. Degradation was inhibited by inhibitors of lysosomal proteases (leupeptin and E-64d) and the vacuolar proton pump (concanamycin A), indicating that it takes place in lysosomes. Furthermore, endocytosed FITC-labelled collagen was shown to reach late endocytic compartments in which it colocalized with LysoTracker (a marker of late endocytic compartments). Competition experiments showed that uPA and unlabelled collagen are capable of inhibiting binding and uptake of [125I]collagen in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Western-blot analysis of cell lysate (using a polyclonal rabbit human-Endo180 antiserum) revealed a single band at 180 kDa. In addition, the antiserum was capable of reducing [125I]collagen binding to the cell surface. Finally, using two primers designed from the human uPARAP/Endo180 mRNA sequence, the expression of uPARAP/Endo180 mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase–PCR. These results together suggest that uPARAP/Endo180 mediates endocytosis of collagen in rat liver stellate cells.

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PK, Reshmi, Sudarshan A et Jeejo Chandran. « A comparative clinical study of the effect of Upanaha Sweda by using Kottamchukkadi Churna and Grihadhumadi Churna in Janusandhigata Vata w.s.r. to Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint ». Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) 5, n^o 04 (25 août 2020) : 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.4.19.

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As per Ayurveda, Janusandhigata Vata is one among Vatavyadhi and can be compared with Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint in Modern Medicine with respect to the similarity of symptoms. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effect of Grihadhumadi and Kottamchukkadi Upanaha in Janusandhigata Vata. Methods: Single blind randomized comparative clinical study allocated into 2 equal groups as A and B. Procedure: In Group A, Grihadhumadi Upanaha Sweda done for 7 days and in Group B, Kottamchukkadi Upanaha Sweda done for 7 days. Patients were examined as per the assessment criteria on 1st day before treatment, 8th day after completion of the treatment and 15th day as part of follow up. Observations and Results: Group A showed statistically highly significant effect in most of the criteria’s like Swelling, Stiffness, Tenderness, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Range Of Movements (ROM) and WOMAC INDEX. Group B showed statistically highly significant effect in Pain and Crepitation.

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Borkar, Dr Susmita. « Efficacy of Mashadi Upanaha Sweda in Niramavastha of Janusandhigata Vata- A Review ». International Journal of Ayurveda and Herbal Research (IJAHR) 1, n^o 1 (2023) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/ijahr.v1i1.1.

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Sandhigata Vata is form of Vata vyadhi mainly affecting knee joint (Janusandhi), because it is weight bearing organ of body. Due to day- to- day sedentary life style and Vata prakop causes Doshavaigunya and Dhatuvaigunya. When the vitiated Vata aggravates in Janusandhi called as Janusandhigata vata. In Janusandhigata vata Shoola (pain), Shotha (swelling), Akunchana Prasaranayoho Savedana Pravrutti (pain during movements), Vatapurna druti sparsha (crepitus) of the joint are common clinical features. In Niramavastha of Sandhigata vata, dhatukshaya is a major event. Upanaha sweda or poultice application is one of the chikitsa described in the management of Sandhigatavata under samanya chikitsa sutra of swedana. Mashadi Upanaha sweda is of Guru, Snigdha, Brumhana, Vataghna by property, mixed with Masha,Godhuma, Devodar choorna,Kanji, Tilataila, Godugdha, Saindhava decrease vitiated Vata dosha and gives strength to the joints. This article is an initiation to study its efficacy of Mashadi Upanaha sweda in the management of Janusandhigatavata Niramavastha.

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Suganda, Erik, Wahiruddin Wadin et Parlan Parlan. « UPAYAH UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN KERAJINAN TANGAN ». Journal Of Lifelong Learning 3, n^o 1 (13 juillet 2020) : 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joll.3.1.35-44.

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The purpose of this research is to describe understanding by new students of nonformal education at Bengkulu University about nonformal education. As for the scope studied in this research was students understanding about the scope nonformal education which consist of understanding , characteristics , goals , roles, programs , institution and education facilities . Furthermore , reviewing the understanding of students at bengkulu university about the graduate competence and employment opportunity of S1 non formal education. The design of this research was descriptive quantitatif research, this method carried out with the main goal to make an idea of situation objectively , the respondents of this research were new students of non formal education study program at Bengkulu University. The result and discussion of this research that understanding of new students of non formal study program at Bengkulu University about scope of informal education was high enough with percentage 69.4% , understanding about the graduate competence of S1 non formal education was sufficient with percentage 51% and understanding about employment opportunity of S1 non formal education was highwith percentage 67.5% Key words : understanding , eldery work

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Korshunova, E. M., et A. I. Vishnivetskaya. « Current problems of built-upareas` development ». Вестник гражданских инженеров 15, n^o 2 (2018) : 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-2-258-263.

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Rohani, Maryam G., Yu-Hua Chow, Maria V. Razumova, Samuel Ash, Chi F. Hung et Lynn M. Schnapp. « uPARAP Function in Cutaneous Wound Repair ». PLoS ONE 9, n^o 3 (24 mars 2014) : e92660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092660.

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Smith, Leah, Teresa E. Wagner, Isham Huizar et Lynn M. Schnapp. « uPARAP expression during murine lung development ». Gene Expression Patterns 8, n^o 7-8 (septembre 2008) : 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gep.2008.06.006.

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Brereton, Joel P. « Cosmographic images in the Bhadārayaka Upaniad ». Indo-Iranian Journal 34, n^o 1 (1991) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000091790083490.

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शर्मा Sharma, अमृता Amrita देवी Devi. « रातो आकाश उपन्यास जनयुद्धजन्य यथार्थको उदात्तीकरण Rato Aakash Upanyas Janayuddhajanya Yatharthako Udattikaran ». NUTA Journal 5, n^o 1-2 (31 décembre 2018) : 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v5i1-2.23469.

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श्रेष्ठ Shrestha, जीवनकुमार jeevankumar. « विमलकुमार सुवेदीको रोसा उपन्यास : मिथकहरूको पुनर्लेखन Bimalkumar Subediko Rosa Upanyas : Mithakharuko Punarlekhan ». Tribhuvan University Journal 33, n^o 1 (30 juin 2019) : 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v33i1.28697.

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विगतका रचनाकृतिहरूलाई वर्तमान समयमा पुनः लेख्नु पुनर्लेखन हो । यसमा पूर्वकृतिका पात्र र घटनाहरूलाई वर्तमान सन्दर्भसँग जोडेर नवीन किसिमले प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ । विगतमा रचना गरिएका कृतिहरू वर्तमान समयमा सान्दर्भिक नहुने भएकाले त्यसप्रति आलोचनात्मक दृष्टि प्रस्तुत गर्दै नवीनताको खोजी गर्नु यसको विशेषता भएकाले उत्तरआधुनिकतवादी लेखनले यसलाई महत्त्वपूर्ण ‘टेक्निक’का रुपमा उपयोग गरेको छ । उपन्यासकार विमलकुमार सुवेदीको ‘रोसा’ उपन्यासमा पूर्वीय परम्परामा प्रचलित मिथकहरूको पुनर्लेखन गरी पाश्चात्य जगत्मा विकसित उत्तरआधुनिकतावादी चिन्तन प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । सत्य शाश्वत र निरपेक्ष हुँदैन, यो समयानुसार परिमार्जित हुन्छ । समग्रताको अध्ययनबाट मात्र सत्यको नजिक पुग्न सकिन्छ तर मावन जीवनको निश्चित समयले समग्रतालाई बोध गर्न नसक्ने भएकाले मानवीय ज्ञान अपूर्ण रहेको छ भन्ने उत्तरआधुनिकतवादी दृष्टिको अभिव्यक्तिका निम्ति यस उपन्यासमा सिद्धार्थ गौतमको गृहत्याग, गङ्गा नदीको पृथ्वी अवतरण र कृष्ण–अर्जुन संवादको पुनर्लेखन गरिएको छ । यसमा परम्परागत मूल्य र मान्यताको आलोचना गर्दै त्यसलाई वर्तमान सन्दर्भानुसार परिमार्जन गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने विचारका साथै सामाजिक, राजनीतिक तथा प्रशासनिक क्षेत्रमा देखापरेका विकृत प्रवृत्तिप्रति व्यङ्ग्य प्रहार गर्न पनि मिथकहरूको पुनर्लेखन गरिएको छ ।

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Dhaded, Rajani, Rekha Sakkari et Vinod Ullegaddi. « A Comprehensive Study of Sushrutokta Upamas with Special Reference to Sharira Sthana ». International Journal of Research and Review 10, n^o 11 (28 novembre 2023) : 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231141.

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Ayurveda is the very ancient science of Life. The science of Ayurveda is the divine gift to mankind. Acquiring knowledge with some analogous examples or similar known descriptions is termed as Upamana Pramana. It is the source of our knowledge regarding the relationship between names and the things to be named. The base of knowledge is the resemblance or similarities and dissimilarities between two objects and their comparison to obtaining knowledge about unknown phenomena. It has immense utility in the field of medicine. Sushruta explained this as a separate tool for learning. It also helps in easy comprehension of the subject enabling the lay persons or beginners to understand the same. Keywords: Ayurveda, Upamana, Analogy, Upama, Sharira Sthana.

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K, Ravali, Sachin Chandra B, Praveen K. Madikonda et Johar B. « Role of Sheeta Upanaha in the Management of Vipadika – A Case Study ». International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 15, n^o 1 (1 avril 2024) : 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v15i1.4502.

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Skin is the mirror which reflects the harmony of Internal functions of body. Psoriasis is a non-infective inflammatory, Proliferative, Chronic skin disease in which there are scaly papules and plaques that can involve any part of body. Palmoplantar psoriasis refers to psoriasis that develops on palms and soles. Vipadika is included in Kshudra kusta having sign and symptoms similar to Palmoplantar psoriasis. In this case study, A 65-year-old male patient a known case of Palmoplantar psoriasis approached with symptoms of Scales and fissures over both palms and soles with Pain, Severe itching and burning sensation for the past 1year. After clinical examination and history of the patient he was advised, Deepana & Pachana, Shamana Snehapana and Seetha Upanaha as module of treatment. Even though treatment principles such as Deepana, Pachana, Shamana Snehapana might have helped in the overall result, but it was Seetha Upanaha Chikitsa observed to be quite significant in this case, as patient started feeling better after starting of Seetha upanaha. After implementation of treatment plan patient has become completely symptom free and there was no recurrence even after six months.

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MIZUNO, Yoshifumi. « Upama : Dandin and Keavavdas ». JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 41, n^o 2 (1993) : 1162–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.41.1162.

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WADA, Yugen. « On the upama-dosa : ». Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 62, n^o 1 (2013) : 281–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.62.1_281.

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Van den Broeck, Jef. « Ten Years of UPATs ». disP - The Planning Review 52, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2016) : 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2016.1171063.

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Rashmi, T. M., et H. S. Sathish. « Upama – Analogies in Ayurveda ». Breast 54 (décembre 2020) : 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2020.10.009.

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T K, Dhanasree, et Shaiju Krishnan. « NIRAGNI UPANAHA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VATAKANTAKA : A CASE STUDY ». International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, n^o 5 (15 octobre 2021) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1205131.

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Vatakantaka is one among the Aseethi Vata vikaras explained as a painful condition of the heel caused by its improper placement of the foot on the ground. Vatakantaka is seen as a common disease condition during these days and affects approximately 10% of the population. It is a condition that hinders day to day activities of the patient due to thorny pain in the foot. A diagnosed case of Vatakantaka came with complaints of pain within the heel and sides of the heel of the right foot for 5 months. There was no history of falls or trauma and other systemic illness. Positive family history was noted. Vatakantaka is a Sweda Sadhya Vyadhi and Upanaha is one among the classical line of treatment mentioned by Acharya Susrutha when Vata is vitiated in Snayu Sandi and Asthi. Vata getting localized in the Gulpha (ankle joint) and produces pain in the heel region. So Niragni Upanaha with Godhumadi yoga is administered continuous 7 days. Duration is 12 hours. The clinical features like heel pain and stiffness got relieved markedly on the 4th day itself. After the treatment, the patient got significant relief from symptoms. Upanaha is a type of Ekanga Sweda, and it induces sweating and brings Doshavilayana. It helps in reducing Vata dosha, Shoola, and Stambha

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Lotti, Marina, Anna Tramontano, Sonia Longhi, Fabrizia Fusetti, Stefania Brocca, Elisabetta Pizzi et Lilia Alberghina. « Variability within the Candida rugosa Upases family ». "Protein Engineering, Design and Selection" 7, n^o 4 (1994) : 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/7.4.531.

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Palit, Silvester Magnus Loogman, et Tumian Lian Daya Purba. « KEDUDUKAN TENAGA KERJA UPAHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN ». Jurnal Ius Publicum 3, n^o 1 (30 novembre 2022) : 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55551/jip.v3i1.46.

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Upah menjadi tujuan utama setiap tenaga kerja, yaitu balas jasa yang didapat tenaga kerja dari pemberi kerja dalam hubungan kerja yang tertuang dalam suatu perjanjian kerja. Pemberi kerja dalam memberikan upah harus memperhatikan tiga aspek antara lain aspek teknis, aspek ekonomis dan aspek hukum. Semua aspek ini harus saling berkaitan dalam pemberian upah kepada tenaga kerja tidak satupun boleh dihilangkan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode yurudis empiris dengan mewawancarai beberapa tenaga kerja kontrak yang dibawa dari daerah luar Papua untuk di pekerjakan di Papua. Juga dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan dalam pengumpulan bahan, materi dan data yang berkaitan dangan pengupahan tenaga kerja. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa apabila tenaga kerja yang digunakan pemberi kerja dari luar daerah tempat kerjanya misalnya dari daerah Sumatera ke Papua maka seharusnya pemberi kerja memberikan upah sesuai dengan ketentuan upah minimum daerah tempat tujuan kerja tenaga kerja tersebut. Sistem diperlukan agar penetapan upah berada di atas kebutuhan hidup minimum tenaga kerja. Pemberlakuan upah minimum melalui sistem pengupahan juga diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja, meningkatkan produktivitas, dan mengupayakan pemerataan pendapatan dalam rangka menciptakan keadilan sosial.

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