Bibliographies thématiques / United States. Maritime Sanitary Service

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « United States. Maritime Sanitary Service »

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Publié le 25 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "United States. Maritime Sanitary Service"

Harrington, Charles. « Maritime Boundaries on National Ocean Service Nautical Charts ». Cartographic Perspectives, n^o 14 (1 mars 1993) : 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp14.984.

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The National Ocean Service (NOS) is responsible for charting the Nation's coastal waters and, therefore, is the lead Agency for the portrayal of maritime limits of the United States of America. The 1958 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone states " ... the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low waterline along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal state." In 1976, NOS was requested to show various maritime limits on its regular issue of nautical charts. The paper presents the history of maritime boundaries on National Ocean Service (NOS) charts, methods used in constructing the various maritime limits, the definition of the limits, the push for lateral seaward boundaries, and the technical aspects of maritime limits.

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Trapara, Vladimir. « Entering “neomahanean” world : Contemporary maritime rivalry of China and the United States ». Medjunarodni problemi 72, n^o 1 (2020) : 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp2001037t.

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The author uses Mahan?s sea power concept in order to determine its contemporary geopolitical significance compared to land power. The main thesis of the paper is that international relations - after a century long dominance of land power - are entering a new era of primary significance of sea power, due a rivalry of China and the United States, which is predestined to be mostly maritime. This is the consequence of contemporary globalization, which made biggest world economies dependent on uninterrupted sea commerce, as well as of the unique geopolitical position of China, which neither faces important land challenges, nor can pose them. Arms race and changes in maritime strategies show that the competition at sea between the U.S. and China has already started. Which direction and tempo it shall take depends on whether the U.S. abandons its hegemonic policy in favour of a defensive one, and adequately uses sea power in service of the latter.

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Vakhitov, Sh M. « Public health : Role and place in the modern health care system ». Kazan medical journal 81, n^o 1 (2 février 2022) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96220.

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Public health has been around for a long time. Suffice it to recall one of the oldest government agencies in the United States - the Public Health Service, which emerged back in 1798 [4]. Public health at different times and in different countries meant different structures - from those responsible for monitoring the sanitary and epidemiological state of society to ministries responsible for organizing medical care and public health.

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Janlar Huseynova, Nurana. « THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTIGUOUS ZONE FOR THE COASTAL STATE ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, n^o 04 (23 avril 2021) : 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/333-336.

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The United Nation Convention on the law of the sea recognizes that the coastal states have the right to establish contiguous zone in which the coastal state may exercise the limited control necessary to prevent or punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitary laws and regulations that occurs within its territory or territorial sea. Under international law the maximum breadth of the contiguous zone is twenty-four nautical miles. Regulation of irregular migration, illegal traffic in drugs, environment, terrorism at sea or underwater cultural heritage increase the importance of the contiguous zone. Accordingly, the contiguous zone as a legal institution may be subject to future changes in the international maritime law. This article describes the importance of contiguous zone in the law of the sea. Key words: contiguous zone, coastal state, convention, control, punishment power, state’s interest

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Hicks, Micheal, Belay Demoz, Kevin Vermeesch et Dennis Atkinson. « Intercomparison of Mixing Layer Heights from the National Weather Service Ceilometer Test Sites and Collocated Radiosondes ». Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0058.1.

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AbstractA network of automated weather stations (AWS) with ceilometers can be used to detect sky conditions, aerosol dispersion, and mixing layer heights, in addition to the routine surface meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.). Currently, a dense network of AWSs that observe all of these parameters does not exist in the United States even though networks of them with ceilometers exist. These networks normally use ceilometers for determining only sky conditions. Updating AWS networks to obtain those nonstandard observations with ceilometers, especially mixing layer height, across the United States would provide valuable information for validating and improving weather/climate forecast models. In this respect, an aerosol-based mixing layer height detection method, called the combined-hybrid method, is developed and evaluated for its uncertainty characteristics for application in the United States. Four years of ceilometer data from the National Weather Service Ceilometer Proof of Concept Project taken in temperate, maritime polar, and hot/arid climate regimes are utilized in this evaluation. Overall, the method proved to be a strong candidate for estimating mixing layer heights with ceilometer data, with averaged uncertainties of 237 ± 398 m in all tested climate regimes and 69 ± 250 m when excluding the hot/arid climate regime.

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GIESBERG, JUDITH ANN. « In Service to the Fifth Wheel : Katharine Prescott Wormeley and Her Experiences in the United States Sanitary Commission ». Nursing History Review 3, n^o 1 (janvier 1995) : 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.3.1.43.

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Ward, N. « Monitoring the Integrity of GNSS ». Journal of Navigation 47, n^o 2 (mai 1994) : 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012108.

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The purpose of the study on which this paper is based was to establish whether there was a maritime requirement for a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrity monitoring and warning service in UK and Irish waters, and, if so, how best it could be established and operated.The scope of the study extended to all maritime users: merchant ships; fishing vessels; pleasure craft; and all aspects of the voyage: harbour/harbour approach; coastal and ocean passage.It has been assumed that the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) would be the system adopted, since it is the closest to an operational state. However, most of the technical considerations would apply equally to the Russian GLONASS or any future replacement system under international control.The views expressed are those of the author, and should not be taken to represent the policies of the Department of Transport or any of the other bodies mentioned.

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Enache, Gabriela Ioana. « Challenges to the supply chains in the context of COVID-19 pandemic ». Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, n^o 1 (1 août 2022) : 1429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0130.

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Abstract Global supply chains have been an important factor in changing the organization of the global goods production and global economy. The pandemic has also brought negative effects on global supply chains, as we have seen a shortage of workforce and transport systems (maritime, air, land), while demand for mandatory products, such as sanitary ones, was rising. The blocking of supply chains has also affected the process of economic recovery, unbalancing the production sector, and fueling inflation. During this time, the European Union’s reliance on the foreign imports it had both before the pandemic and after periods of trade imbalance, were brought to light, considerably amplified. Increasing autonomy has been a necessity of these conditions, and in order to optimize the resilience of its supply chains, the European Union is applying politics aimed at a wide diversification of suppliers, development of internal capabilities, support for a multilateral business environment based on a set of well-defined rules, and a good cooperation with the United States of America. The study carried out an in-depth analysis of relevant literature in order to identify the challenges for both the member-states of the European Union, and for other states such as Japan, the United States of America, South Korea, and Australia in terms of imbalances in the supply chains and dependencies on imports from China. We also identified the best practices and measures adopted during the pandemic that led to major trade imbalances. The research questions to which this study provides detailed answers to are: “How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected global supply chains?” and “What measures were taken globally in order to overcome the imbalances caused by the pandemic?” This study offers a clarification on the situation of global supply chains and brings, in the same analysis, a series of good practices and strategies to solve supply chain blockages and reducing the dependency on foreign exports that most states had before the pandemic.

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Alsip, D. H., J. M. Butler et J. T. Radice. « The Coast Guard's Differential GPS Programme ». Journal of Navigation 46, n^o 1 (janvier 1993) : 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300011334.

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The US Coast Guard has a project to provide a differential global positioning system service for harbour and harbour approach (HHA) areas of the coastal United States. The Great Lakes, Puerto Rico and most of Alaska and Hawaii will also be covered by the service. The Coast Guard's DGPS system will fulfil the 8–20 metre navigation accuracy requirement for HHA with an availability of up to 999 percent. The Coast Guard intends to provide this service to the general public and other government agencies, as well as use the system for its own missions. This capability is expected to enhance maritime safety in keeping with the National Transportation Policy by providing an all-weather radionavigation service to supplement existing radar and visual techniques, as well as a highly accurate position sensor for future electronic chart displays. This paper describes the Coast Guard's programme. Background and historical information on the development of pseudorange differential GPS is presented first, followed by a description of currently available technology. Various aspects of the Coast Guard's plan for implementing DGPS are then described, concluding with a rough project time line and a statement concerning Federal DGPS policy.

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Farrell, Alex, et Mark Glick. « Natural Gas as a Marine Propulsion Fuel : Energy and Environmental Benefits in Urban Ferry Service ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1738, n^o 1 (janvier 2000) : 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1738-09.

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Although transportation has major energy and environmental policy implications, not all sectors are treated equally, and ships often are overlooked. However, ships are a significant source of air pollution and account for a nontrivial portion of U.S. petroleum demand. Moderate emissions standards for new marine engines have been proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency, but these will take well over a decade to become effective once they are enacted, and there are no energy policy provisions for ships. Nonetheless, ships offer cost-effective options for both emissions reductions and the use of alternative fuels. Aware of these issues, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Transportation Technologies and the Gas Research Institute sponsored a study of the potential use of natural gas as the fuel for passenger ferries as part of their Natural Gas Vehicle Technology Initiative. The results of the study are discussed, with a focus on the energy and environmental issues related to maritime operations in the United States. The challenges and opportunities of a specific project to design, construct, and operate several natural gas-powered ferries in Boston Harbor are discussed. A significant reduction in air pollution and a large increase in the use of natural gas as a transportation fuel are expected from this project, but the greenhouse gas emission impacts are ambiguous. Further, an emissions monitoring and analysis program is described that would greatly improve the accuracy of maritime emissions inventories and would enable ships to take part in existing emissions trading programs in port cities around the country. Such a development would create significant economic incentives to encourage ferry owners to invest in clean fuel technologies, which could have major implications for energy and environmental policy.

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Thèses sur le sujet "United States. Maritime Sanitary Service"

Jones, Mark T. « The potential role of the United States Maritime Service (USMS) in supporting Ready Reserve Force vessel crewing needs ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA395870.

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« The rationale and problems of the round-the-world shipping service ». Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885620.

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Livres sur le sujet "United States. Maritime Sanitary Service"

Shellenbarger, Franklin F. The reminiscences of Captain Franklin F. Shellenbarger, U.S. Maritime Service (retired). Annapolis, Md : U.S. Naval Institute, 2003.

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Corps, United States Marine. Maritime prepositioning force operations. Washington, DC : Dept. of the Navy, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 2004.

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Administration, United States Maritime, dir. Project carrier service guide. Washington, D.C. (400 Seventh St., S.W., Washington 20590) : U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Maritime Administration, 1995.

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M, Hyson John. The United States Military Academy dental service : A history, 1825-1920. West Point, N.Y : United States Military Academy, United States Army, 1989.

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Administration, United States Maritime, dir. Project carrier service guide. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Maritime Administration, 1999.

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Administration, United States Maritime, dir. Project carrier service guide. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Maritime Administration, 1999.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation. President's fiscal year 2015 budget request for Coast Guard and maritime transportation programs : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, March 26, 2014. Washington : U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation. President's fiscal year 2014 budget request for Coast Guard and maritime transportation programs : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, April 16, 2013. Washington : U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation. Privatization of Coast Guard vessel traffic service systems : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, June 29, 1995. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Garrison, Nancy Scripture. With courage and delicacy : Civil War on the Peninsula : women and the U.S. Sanitary Commission. Mason City, IA : Savas Pub., 1999.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "United States. Maritime Sanitary Service"

Pastra, Aspasia, Thomas Klenum, Tafsir Matin Johansson, Mitchell Lennan, Sean Pribyl, Cody Warner, Damoulis Xydous et Frode Rødølen. « Lessons Learned from Maritime Nations Leading Autonomous Operations and Remote Inspection Techniques ». Dans Smart Ports and Robotic Systems, 363–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25296-9_19.

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AbstractThe chapter presents key findings from the “national comparative study” segment --- a work undertaken under the auspices of the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 project titled Autonomous Robotic Inspection and Maintenance on Ship Hulls and Storage Tanks (BUGWRIGHT2) under grant agreement no. 871260. It illustrates, using the case study of autonomous operations, as well as primary data collected through sixty (60) in-depth semi-structured interviews with maritime administrations, policy advisors, classification societies, service providers, and subject matter experts—lessons learned from ongoing developments and usage of remote inspection techniques (RIT) for hull inspection from six leading maritime nations: United States of America (US), Canada, the Republic of Singapore (Singapore), the People’s Republic of China (China), the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Netherlands), and the Kingdom of Norway (Norway).

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« Supplementary Arrangement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Panama for Support and Assistance from the United States Coast Guard for the National Maritime Service of the Ministry of Government and Justice ». Dans The Legal Order of the Oceans. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509955572.0049.

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« Amendment to the Supplementary Arrangement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Panama to the Arrangement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Panama for Support and Assistance from the United States Coast Guard for the National Maritime Service of the Ministry of Government and Justice ». Dans The Legal Order of the Oceans. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509955572.0050.

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« Arrangement between the Government of the United States and the Government of Panama for Support and Assistance from the US Coast Guard for the National Maritime Service of the Ministry of Government and Justice ». Dans The Legal Order of the Oceans. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509955572.0048.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "United States. Maritime Sanitary Service"

Sheinberg, Rubin, Christopher Cleary, Peter V. Minnick et Adam R. Ashley. « U.S. Coast Guard Great Lakes Icebreaker Replacement ». Dans SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-d03.

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The United States Coast Guard (USCG) Great Lakes Icebreaking Capability Replacement Project (GLIB) is a major acquisition program chartered to maintain heavy icebreaking on the Great Lakes. The state-of-the-art icebreaker being constructed under this program will replace the USCGC MACKINAW (WAGB 83), which has provided 60 years of continuous service to the region. The new multi-purpose vessel will provide heavy icebreaking services and maintain floating Aids-to-Navigation (AtoN) on the Great Lakes. In addition, the vessel will have secondary mission objectives of search and rescue, marine environmental response, and maritime law enforcement.

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Sheinberg, R., C. Cleary, F. DeBord, W. Thomas, R. Bachman, J. St. John et S. Minnich. « Operational Evaluation of Stern Boat Deployment Systems ». Dans SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2010-t05.

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Stern-ramp deployment of small boats is an essential feature of all new U.S. Coast Guard cutters. The first new cutter to enter service equipped with a stern-ramp is the USCGC BERTHOLF, the lead Maritime Security Cutter Large (WMSL). During the summer of 2009 a series of sea trials was completed aboard BERTHOLF to define safe operating conditions for stern launch and recovery, develop recommendations for system design improvements, and provide performance data for use during evaluation of future designs. This paper summarizes the results of the boat launch and recovery sea trials and provides recommendations for the design of future systems. Findings are compared to those given in a previous paper presented at the 2003 Annual Meeting (Sheinberg et al 2003) and revised design considerations are presented. These considerations include ramp geometry, limiting ship motions, small boat design features, and special systems such as well water flow management systems and boat capture mechanisms. Finally, the issue of predicting the performance of these systems using physical and numerical modeling techniques is revisited, design criteria are critically assessed, and the importance of operator training is discussed. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as representing the views or official policy of the Commandant or of the United States Coast Guard.

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Kierczynski, Orin K., James A. Towers et Kurtis A. Jankowski. « Evaluation of a Large Zero-Emission High-Speed Passenger Vessel ». Dans SNAME International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2021-036.

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With an increasing emphasis on emission restrictions and environmental impact of carbon-based energies, transportation industries are rapidly focusing on research, development, and implementation of zero-emission fuels and technologies. In the United States, the maritime industry provides key transportation services for people and goods. Immediate and future legislation at the state and federal levels are beginning to push passenger vessel operators to seek more carbon-neutral propulsion methods and begin the necessary transition towards a zero-emission future. Small high-speed, zero-emission vessel concepts are being introduced in the United States, most notably the SWITCH project of San Francisco. The SWITCH project aims to put the first hydrogen fuel cell e-ferry into service in 2021. To date, the zero-emission fast ferry efforts have focused on smaller passenger vessels. This paper examines the potential design elements and operating conditions required for a large (450 passengers) high-speed vessel to meet zero-emission standards. Key ferry metrics of speed and passenger capacity are studied with this concept hull to compare a zero-emission propulsion system against a more traditional carbon-based system. To account for major project decision factors, the economics/cost and regulatory restrictions of a hydrogen fuel cell system are considered for a high-speed passenger vessel of this scope. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the technological and performance gains necessary for fuel cell power to match the current capabilities of carbon-based powers. Future development of zero-emission technologies is discussed to evaluate the continually improving opportunities for such a large high-speed vessel.

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Raina, Pranav, Roy J. Primus, Vijayaselvan Jayakar, Dayanand T. Harish et Aravind Kalavara. « Development of an Empirical Model to Predict Sulfuric Acid Condensate Formation in Air Handling System of Medium Speed Diesel Engines ». Dans ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66547.

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One of the biggest challenges for engines used in Marine industry is to burn fuels of varied compositions, since the vessels often move from regions with highly regulated fuels to regions with no regulations, unlike their on-road and other stationary counterparts. This poses an enormous risk to the performance, reliability, durability and service life of engines that employ exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as a prime technology to meet stringent emission regulations, laid out by various regulating bodies across the globe like the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and International Maritime Organization (IMO). Operating on fuels with higher Sulfur content poses a risk of reduced engine component life, due to the formation of concentrated Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which, if not handled carefully, would lead to higher rates of corrosion on engine parts. Hence, the ability to predict the potential for H2SO4 formation as well its quantity to be handled is essential. This research paper focuses on the development of an empirical model to predict the amount of H2SO4 condensate that can be formed in the air handling system of medium speed diesel engines. The model utilizes a combination of fundamental physics, chemistry, thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. The H2SO4 prediction calculation employs basic measurable parameters from a running engine, such as engine speed, load, EGR flow rate, fuel flow rate, fuel Sulfur concentration to compute a molar balance of hydrocarbon fuel and combustion air quantities along the entire range of engine operation, providing the amount of H2SO4 condensate formed. This is done primarily at EGR cooler, where the recycled exhaust gas gets cooled primarily and the EGR mixer, where it gets cooled further after coming in contact with the charge air and are identified as critical locations.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "United States. Maritime Sanitary Service"

Boyle, Maxwell, et Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument : 2019 data summary. National Park Service, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.

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