Articles de revues : « United States. Centennial Board of Finance »

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Biles, George E., Alfred A. Bolton et Bernadette M. DiRe. « Herman Hollerith : Inventor, Manager, Entrepreneur—A Centennial Remembrance ». Journal of Management 15, n^o 4 (décembre 1989) : 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920638901500409.

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Herman Hollerith developed electric tabulating machines to be used in compiling, aggregating, and totaling data itemsfor the 1890 United States census. Hollerith's innovative genius and success with the electric tabulation of complex data laid the foundation for the computer industry and contributed to the development of management information systems.

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Filatotchev, Igor, Salim Chahine et Garry D. Bruton. « Board Interlocks and Initial Public Offering Performance in the United States and the United Kingdom : An Institutional Perspective ». Journal of Management 44, n^o 4 (27 janvier 2016) : 1620–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315621145.

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Building on the institutional perspective on capital markets, we examine the process of legitimation that underpins investor valuation of initial public offerings in the context of institutional polycentricism. We focus on the impact of board interlocks of the CEO and internal and external board members on investor perceptions of initial public offering firms in the United States and United Kingdom. We find that the extent of board members’ interlocks relates positively to the extent of the CEO’s interlocks, but this relationship is stronger in the United Kingdom than in the United States. More extensive interlocks lead to higher valuations in the United Kingdom than in the United States. This is the result of differences in institutional confluences that underpin corporate governance in the two culturally related countries.

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Lee, Hye Seung (Grace), Albert L. Nagy et Aleksandra B. Zimmerman. « Audit Partner Assignments and Audit Quality in the United States ». Accounting Review 94, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2018) : 297–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52218.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines the demand- and supply-side factors associated with audit partner selection and assignment in the United States. First, we examine whether audit partner gender and experience are associated with board and management gender and experience. Second, we investigate whether engagement audit quality varies with audit partner gender and experience, controlling for selection effects. The results indicate that companies with more gender-diverse boards of directors and top management teams are more likely to have a female lead audit partner. In addition, the experience of the client's board is positively associated with the experience of the lead audit partner. In terms of audit quality, we find that higher audit fees are positively associated with female and more experienced audit partners. Our results shed light on the important role that partner characteristics play in the demand and supply sides of audit quality.

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Padilla, Jose Luis Castro. « Before Brown v. Board of Education : Paul J. McCormick, the Mendez v. Westminster Decision, and its Religious-Social Context ». U.S. Catholic Historian 41, n^o 4 (septembre 2023) : 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cht.2023.a914865.

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Abstract: Paul J. McCormick (1879–1960), judge of the United States District Court of Los Angeles, rendered in 1945 the most impactful decision of his career. His decision in Mendez v. Westminster was the prelude to the civil rights movement in the United States. McCormick's Catholic faith and his relationship with the immigrant community in Los Angeles influenced his opinion. Nearly a decade before Brown v. Board of Education , McCormick delivered a verdict favoring Mexican families seeking equality in education. His decision favoring the desegregation of schools in southern California marked the beginning of the end of school segregation throughout the United States. This study of the decision's religious and social contexts shows how Mendez v. Westminster complicates the historical narrative of racial desegregation.

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Kurtz, David L., et Louis E. Boone. « Rating Marketing Faculties on the Basis of Editorial Review Board Memberships ». Journal of Marketing Education 10, n^o 1 (mars 1988) : 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027347538801000110.

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This article presents an alternative approach to evaluating marketing faculties in colleges and universities throughout the United States. The authors have made this assessment on the basis of editorial review board memberships rather than the more traditional approach of counting the number of academic publications by faculty members. This evaluative technique, originally presented in the finance literature, provides an interesting contrast to existing studies.

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Mahmood, Rafel. « Islamic Governance, Capital Structure, and Equity Finance : Examining the Possibilities of American Financial Sharī'ah Boards ». International Journal of Legal Information 37, n^o 1 (2009) : 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003437.

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AbstractIn this world of misinformation and predatory ideologies, a basic economic connection may be the difference between the success and failure of American foreign policy in the Middle East. In times of conflict, establishing the commonality of shared financial values can be the best way to build trust. It is remarkable then that the world's largest and most advanced economy has failed to develop the simple financial mechanisms—using Islamic finance and Sharī'ah boards—to connect with Muslims across the globe. Even if the United States’ central focus remains combating terrorism, it is clear that the more financial information the United States can gather, the better equipped it will be to fight the war on terror. Along with the enhanced information capital made possible through Islamic finance and Sharī'ah boards are significant reputational advantages that the United States would not otherwise have. For instance, an Islamic-American humanitarian institution could be certified by multiple clerics in Iraq, thus offering new momentum to the organization's humanitarian mission by preventing numerous belligerent attacks that terrorists might subject upon a purely American institution that lacks the legitimacy conferred through such Islamic ties.Currently, The United States' continuing domestic failure to develop a compatible framework for Islamic finance verges on negligence. This failure is strongly contrary to broader American commercial interests. Consider that economists estimate the outflow of Sharī'ah capital from Gulf countries to be approximately $1 trillion, growing at 20% per annum. Additionally, Gulf countries are currently set to spend upwards of $10 trillion on new infrastructure over the next decade using Sharī'ah compliant financing vehicles. The world currently has roughly two billion Muslims, many of which will one day demand, or at least prefer, Sharī'ah compliant financial products. If the United States does not develop the administrative and legal framework to serve this market, other foreign financial institutions surely will. In fact, economists currently value the Islamic finance industry in the United Kingdom at $12 billion. In stark contrast, in the United States this same market comprises a mere $150 million in assets. This article will examine the necessary mechanics of establishing an Islamic-American corporation in Delaware for the purposes of conducting transactions with the Middle East, and analyze in detail the essential Islamic financial governance structure-the Shari'ah board.

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Vural, Gamze, et Emel Bacha Simoes. « The nonlinear effects of ownership concentration and board structure on bank performance ». Panoeconomicus, n^o 00 (2022) : 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan190404002v.

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This study looks into the relationships between the banks? ownership structures, the characteristics of their boards, and their performance. A bank's performance varies depending on a series of different factors. In recent years, the evaluation of performance in the context of corporate governance practices has gained importance. This study considers the issue from the perspective of developed nations, looking at the examples of the United States and the United Kingdom. The findings demonstrate that adopting certain corporate governance practices improves a bank's performance levels over previous periods. Having a duality in the board structure and increasing its proportion of nonexecutive board members improve a bank's performance. In contrast, a statistically significant negative relationship was found between bank performance and board size, board members appointed for their specific skills, and the number of board meetings. It was also discovered that there is no linear relationship between the proportion of strictly independent board members on a board of directors and performance. A nonlinear relationship was found between bank ownership concentration and their performance. The discovery of a nonlinear relationship between performance and increasing concentration in a bank's ownership structure and the proportion of strictly independent board members on its board is a sign that there is an optimal level for these variables.

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RICHARDSON, GARY. « Records of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Record Group 82 at the National Archives of the United States ». Financial History Review 13, n^o 1 (31 mars 2006) : 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565006000084.

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Bolton, Brian, et Jing Zhao. « Busy Boards, Entrenched Directors and Corporate Innovation ». International Journal of Financial Studies 10, n^o 4 (21 septembre 2022) : 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10040083.

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We provide a comprehensive study of how different corporate governance mechanisms influence corporate innovation. Using panel data regression analysis across a sample of more than 13,600 firm-years for firms based in the United States between 1996–2010, we find that entrenched boards, though commonly associated with lower firm value, actually generate substantial innovation. We find that busy boards hinder innovation unless they also have interlocking relationships. Conversely, interlocked directors enhance innovation, unless they are busy. Directors who are CEOs or Board Chairs at other companies hinder innovation. Interestingly, despite being significant determinants of firm value in other studies, director experience, independence and ownership are not related to innovation. In order to be innovative, firms should appoint directors to leverage their professional relationships and directors must have a long-term perspective.

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Britton, Andrew. « Lessons from America ». National Institute Economic Review 152 (mai 1995) : 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019515200102.

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In addition to our coverage of the United States as part of the world economy programme, four recent or current projects at the Institute involve comparisons between Britain and America. The main focus is on labour market institutions, productivity, training and education. This note draws on this work, and also on a recent visit to Washington to meet both policy makers and independent economists. It has benefited from discussion with the editorial board, but consists nevertheless of my own personal reflections.

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Goodwin, Barry K., Matthew T. Holt et Jeffrey P. Prestemon. « Nonlinear exchange rate pass-through in timber products : The case of oriented strand board in Canada and the United States ». North American Journal of Economics and Finance 50 (novembre 2019) : 100989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.100989.

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Chang, Edward, George Swales et John Bowdidge. « Forget Foreign Relations. Consider China Strictly from the Viewpoint of Finance ». Journal of Finance Issues 5, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2007) : 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v5i2.2628.

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This abstract was created post-production by the JFI Editorial Board. This study is an attempt to focus strictly upon matters of finance in considering relations between the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. The study examines the huge U.S. trade deficit with China, the remaining low value of the Chinese Yuan in relation to the U.S. dollar, the very high level of purchasing of U.S. Treasury securities by the Government of China, and a continuing piracy in China of American intellectual properties. Perhaps at some point, a Chinese-American Presidential Summit Meeting could deal with these four finance challenges. So far as the Western media can determine, such a summit in April, 2006 did not touch on any of the foregoing topics. Maybe next time!

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Sullivan, Richard J. « The Origins and Economic Impact of the First Bank of the United States, 1791–1797. By David Jack Cowen. New York : Garland Publishing Inc., 2000. Pp. xxix, 323. $70.00. » Journal of Economic History 61, n^o 4 (décembre 2001) : 1149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005848.

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David Jack Cowen aims to clarify the economic history of early America by increasing our understanding of the “premier financial institution of the day, the First Bank of the United States” (p. 235). Cowen exploits archival material on the Bank of the United States (BUS), including new information about BUS balance sheets. He examines actions of the BUS through analysis of its balance sheets and ties this evidence to recent research that has generated information about securities (bond) prices. He also reviews contemporary correspondence as well as the minutes of BUS board meetings to glean information about motivation behind BUS activities. These bits and pieces are used to support Cowen's major interpretation of BUS actions in this era: that the BUS acted as an agent for the U.S. Treasury and, at the direction of various Treasury secretaries, acted as a central bank.

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Park, Susan. « The African Development Bank and the Accountability Policy Norm ». Global Governance : A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 29, n^o 1 (15 mars 2023) : 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02901003.

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Abstract Established as a multilateral development bank (MDB) funded by African states, the African Development Bank (AfDB) is one of many similar international organizations (IO s) comprising the development finance regime complex. Arguably, states and policy elites recreate similar IO s that enable “norm conformance” within the complex. This is demonstrated through the AfDB’s adoption of the Independent Recourse Mechanism (IRM) in 2004. Despite no need or demand, the relatively insulated AfDB agreed to provide recourse for people adversely affected by AfDB-financed projects. This article argues that consensus among state and nonstate actors around an accountability policy norm led the AfDB to conform. Nonregional Member States, particularly the United States, used typical norm diffusion mechanisms: financial incentives, normative suasion, and voting on the AfDB’s Board. The concept of norm conformance highlights how behavioral expectations and organizational practices change based on what is socially appropriate.

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Khatib, Saleh F. A., Hamzeh Al Amosh et Husam Ananzeh. « Board Compensation in Financial Sectors : A Systematic Review of Twenty-Four Years of Research ». International Journal of Financial Studies 11, n^o 3 (24 juillet 2023) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11030092.

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We aim to provide a comprehensive systematic analysis of scholarly publications in the field of board compensation in financial sectors extending through the years 1987 to 2021. Hence, the most notable themes, theories, and contributions to the literature are identified, and research developments over time are evaluated. With the identification of a final sample of 87 research papers indexed in Scopus, we identify research gaps to provide insight into future research following a systematic method. The results revealed that the United States of America received the broadest research interest, along with cross-country research. While the literature lacked to provide investigations for other countries of the world. Although the effect of compensation on organizational outcomes (performance and grow) is still unclear in the literature, several factors have been introduced as key drivers of the compensation, including the country’s level of development, the development of equity markets, the development of banking system, its dependence on foreign capital, collective rights empowering labor, the strength of a country’s welfare institutions, employment market forces, and social order and authority relations. On a theoretical level, agency theory has been most popular in the literature, along with providing multiple theoretical frameworks with agency theory as a slack resources theory, managerial talent theory, and managerial power theory. This is the first research to our knowledge that used a systematic review (SR) of literature to give a complete and comprehensive evaluation of the literature on board compensation in the financial sector. The current study documents the flow of literature on the board’s compensation in the financial sectors over 24 years and establishes future research opportunities.

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Colaco, Hugh M. J., Paul Myers et Mindell Reiss Nitkin. « Pathways to leadership : Board independence, diversity and the emerging pipeline in the United States for women directors ». International Journal of Disclosure and Governance 8, n^o 2 (1 avril 2011) : 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jdg.2011.1.

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Raley, J. « Colonizationism versus Abolitionism in the Antebellum North : The Anti-Slavery Society of Hanover College and Indiana Theological Seminary (1836) versus the Hanover College Officers, Board of Trustees, and Faculty ». Midwest Social Sciences Journal 23 (1 novembre 2020) : 80–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0796.231.1030.

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In March 1836, nine Hanover College and Indiana Theological Seminary students, almost certainly including Benjamin Franklin Templeton, a former slave enrolled in the seminary, formed an antislavery society. The society’s Preamble and Constitution set forth abolitionist ideals demanding an immediate emancipation of Southern slaves with rights of citizenship and “without expatriation.” Thus they encountered the ire of Hanover’s Presbyterian trustees—colonizationists who believed instead that free blacks and educated slaves, gradually and voluntarily emancipated by their owners, should leave the United States and relocate to Liberia, where they would experience greater opportunity, equality, and justice than was possible here in the United States and simultaneously exercise a civilizing and Christianizing influence on indigenous West Africans. By separating the races on two different continents with an ocean between them, America’s race problem would be solved. The efforts of the colonizationists failed, in part because of a lack of sufficient resources to transport and resettle three million African Americans. Then, too, few Southern slaveholders were willing to emancipate their slaves and finance those former slaves’ voyages, and most free blacks refused to leave the country of their birth. In Liberia, left largely to their own resources, colonists encountered disease, the enmity of local tribes, the threat of slavers, and difficulties in farming that left these former slaves struggling for existence, even if free blacks who engaged in mercantile trade there fared well. In the United States, the trustees’ conviction that American society was racist beyond reform, together with their refusal to confront the system of slavery in the South in hope of preserving the Union and their refusal to allow even discussion of the subject of slavery on the Hanover campus, left their central question unanswered: Would it ever be possible for people of color and whites to reside together in the United States peaceably and equitably? The trustees’ decision exerted another long-term impact as well. Although today the campus is integrated, Hanover College would not admit an African American student until 1948.

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Balsas, Carlos J. L., Anthony Swingruber et Yen-Fu Lin. « Evaluating local workforce development programs in Upstate New York, USA ». Local Economy : The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, n^o 4 (juin 2018) : 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218777805.

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Workforce development programs in the United States have increasingly focused on two critical approaches: Learning at work and experience as education. Workforce development programs are increasingly aimed at making territories more competitive by strengthening labor markets and helping to meet the needs of employers in significant sectors of the economy. Workforce development in Upstate New York is an important step forward in preventing the region from lagging behind other regions in the country. In this paper, we examine the role of the Capital Region Workforce Investment Board, a local workforce improvement board under the supervision of the New York State Workforce Investment Board. Specifically, we evaluate the impacts of the new Capital Region Workforce Investment Board’s Program on the federally funded Workforce Investment Act of 1998 Adult Program priorities. Before-and-after analysis comparing the program outcomes in two four year periods, 2006–2009 and 2010–2013 are presented. The results of the new plan are mixed across several key performance indicators. Evidence shows that the new focuses increased the average earnings of program participants in a situation where employment rates decreased slightly. Significant industries for 2012–2022 are also reviewed.

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Ellis, Robin Ann. « Performance-Based Funding : Equity Analysis of Funding Distribution among State Universities ». Journal of Educational Issues 1, n^o 2 (16 juillet 2015) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v1i2.7412.

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How to finance higher education remains controversial among policy makers and constituencies across the United States. Texas is not exempt from the controversy. With increasingly strained state finances, institutions of higher education and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) have come under pressure to increase performance accountability, efficiency, and competitiveness. In Texas, House Bill 9 (H.B. 9) was enacted in 2011 to dedicate a portion of state funding to public colleges and universities that meet specific performance-based standards. Although H.B. 9 has been passed and signed into law, it still has not been determined how funding will be distributed or how effective it will be. This paper analyzes data from several states with similar performance-based funding standards to help bring to light to the possible effects H.B. 9 will have on Texas’ public four-year universities.

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Carcello, Joseph V., et Chan Li. « Costs and Benefits of Requiring an Engagement Partner Signature : Recent Experience in the United Kingdom ». Accounting Review 88, n^o 5 (1 mars 2013) : 1511–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50450.

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ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the effects on audit quality and audit fees of requiring the engagement partner to sign the audit report in the United Kingdom (U.K.). The effect of requiring the engagement partner to sign the audit report is timely since the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) is considering mandating a similar requirement in the United States (U.S.). In the first year after the introduction of the signature requirement, we find a significant decline in abnormal accruals and the propensity to meet an earnings threshold, and we find a significant increase in the incidence of qualified audit reports and in earnings informativeness. In addition, audit fees are significantly higher in the post-signature period than in the pre-signature period. Moreover, we compare U.K. firms with a matched sample of U.S. firms and firms in other European countries in periods both before and after the U.K. adopted a signature requirement. Our results are generally consistent with the argument of improved audit quality in U.K. firms after the signature requirement is adopted. Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the text.

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Lane, Suzanne, Joseph Astrachan, Andrew Keyt et Kristi McMillan. « Guidelines for Family Business Boards of Directors ». Family Business Review 19, n^o 2 (juin 2006) : 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00052.x.

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Governance reform of publicly held corporations is an important topic these days, but a critical subtext has been missing from this often searing debate. Namely, what is the significance of these governance reforms, de jure and de facto, for the publicly held corporation's distant, smaller, but economically robust brethren—namely, the closely held, family-owned business? Should these family-owned entities be held to the same governance guidelines and standards that apply to those firms making up the ranks of the Fortune 500, for example? To put it another way, does one size fit all? We caution that many of the most popularized corporate governance practices may be detrimental to family businesses. Many of these recommendations may harm family unity or might be too complex for private firms, and many are applicable only to very large, public companies with dispersed ownership. Popular corporate governance practices are focused toward a market model of corporate governance, found prevalently in the United States and United Kingdom, which involves companies with a widely dispersed shareholder base and a majority of independent, outside board members. In contrast, the typical family-owned business exhibits characteristics of the control model of corporate governance, found prevalently in continental Europe, Latin America, and Asia, which involves companies with a concentrated shareholder base and family member “insiders” active in management and the board. As a result of these differences, many of the new laws and recommendations may actually be harmful to family-owned businesses.

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Owusu, Andrews. « Editorial : Implications of different corporate governance models in emerging and developing economies ». Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, n^o 1, special issue (2022) : 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i1sieditorial.

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On behalf of the editorial team, I am extremely honoured to introduce you to the Special Issue of Volume 11 (2022) of the Journal of Governance and Regulation. As you may be aware, a number of corporate governance regulations have been implemented around the world including the principles-based approach to corporate governance in the United Kingdom (UK) and the rules-based approach to corporate governance in the United States (USA). In Continental Europe, the two-tier board model is dominant while the Japanese business network model and the Asian family-based model contribute to the list (Larcker & Tayan, 2021; Farag, Mallin, & Ow-Yong, 2018; Mallin, 2018; Judge, 2010). However, the effectiveness of these different corporate governance regulations in ensuring accountability is not yet clear in emerging and developing economies.

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Crumbley, D. Larry, Donald L. Ariail et Amine Khayati. « How Should Cryptocurrencies Be Defined and Reported ? An Exploratory Study of Accounting Professor Opinions ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, n^o 1 (20 décembre 2023) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17010003.

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Crypto assets have upset the pillars of regulatory and centralized monetary policy, and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has been slow in developing a position on how to account for cryptocurrencies. Currently, there are many accounting, finance, and tax meanings of cryptocurrencies. The purpose of this study is to show the path FASB has taken to develop accounting standards for more than 20,000 crypto assets, outline the positions other authorities and agencies have taken, and discuss Central Bank Digital Currencies since the United States and other countries are considering replacing their fiat currency with a digital currency. Furthermore, the study presents insights from an exploratory survey of accounting faculty opinions on cryptocurrencies. The discussion of virtual currency regulatory and accounting treatments informs the development of a regulatory framework.

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Loang, Ooi Kok. « The Road to Sustainable Investing : Corporate Governance, Sustainable Development Goals, and the Financial Market ». Jurnal Institutions and Economies 15, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2023) : 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol15no3.2.

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This study investigates the impact of corporate governance (CG) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) practices on financial markets and company performance in Malaysia compared to developed countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Singapore. The study uses panel data regression models to analyse the impact of CG and SDG adoption on stock return, volatility, investor sentiment, profitability, liquidity, and solvency from 2017 to 2021. The findings show that CG and SDG practices have a positive impact on financial market and company performance in both developed and developing countries. However, the strength and specific variables of the relationship differ depending on the country context. In developed countries, board responsibilities, remuneration, engagement with stakeholders, SDG4 (Quality Education), and SDG10 (Reduce Inequalities) are positively associated with stock return. In contrast, audit committee effectiveness and SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG13 (Climate Action) are significant in Malaysia and Singapore. The study emphasizes the significance of context-specific factors in determining the effect of CG and SDG practices on financial market and company performance. It recommends Malaysia learn from developed countries’ best practices and adopt a tailored approach to implementation based on its country context.

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Ruiz Mercado, Ángel Luis. « Direct and indirect impact of federal transfer to individuals and to the government of Puerto Rico. » Revista Finanzas y Política Económica 5, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2013) : 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v5.n2.2013.441.

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The Puerto Rico Planning Board classifies individual transfer payments into two categories: “earned transfers” and “granted” transfers. The purpose of this work is to estimate the direct and indirect economic effects of federal and other transfer payments to Puerto Rico using two input-output models and two vectors of employment and income coefficients base on tables for years 1992 and 2002. The economic impacts were estimated for three economic indicators namely, gross output, direct and indirect employment and direct and indirect wage income. The results presented in this work shows that the argument that Puerto Ricans enjoy relatively generous income supplements and retirement benefits without imposing heavy tax burdens on highly compensated workers failed to distinguish that most of the transfer payments to individuals were in the category of earned transfers. It is doubtful that this type of transfer “impose heavy tax burdens” to American taxpayers. Since we are an open economy most of the income generated by transfer to individuals is spent of goods and services a substantial amount of which comes from United States. It is also doubtful that earned transfer to individuals (especially transfers in the form of pensions and payments to veterans) have any significant impact on the labor force participation rate or the incentives to work.

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Almeida, Daniel Pereira de, Thiago Borges Renault, Gerd Brantes Angelkorte, Marcus Vinicius de Araujo Fonseca et Sérgio Yates. « Particularities in financing tools : A case study of an Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil ». Revista de Administração, Sociedade e Inovação 6, n^o 2 (19 mai 2020) : 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20401/rasi.6.2.438.

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Abstract: This work aims to analyze the objectives and interactions of innovation financing tools from a point of view of a technology, research and innovation foundation. It brings as subject the case of the Technology, Research and Innovation Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and its incorporation of a Technology Board. Working side by side with a Scientific Board, it faces the challenge of interact, finance, and boost innovation, whereas the Foundation carries more than 40 years of basic research funding (1980 until 2019) the financing of innovation activities was incorporated in 2002. With the R&D activities in Brazil centered on public University, Research Institutes and only a small presence in companies (only 5% of the innovative companies perform R&D), FAPERJ’s faces the challenge of create financing tools that improves the interaction between these actors. The sample analyzed in this study relates the eligibility criteria used in the FAPERJ’s Technological Development Support (ADT) with similar and inspiring program, the United States of America Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR). As result, we have found the lack of incentives for interaction between universities and business sector, showing that only a small part of the projects financed by FAPERJ can reach the commercialization.

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Marquez, Jaime. « Stylized Facts of the FOMC’s Longer-Run Forecasts ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, n^o 3 (24 février 2023) : 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16030152.

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Conventional explanations of monetary policy decisions in the United States assume that the longer-run Federal funds rate is determined by a representative central banker (i.e., the Fed) using longer-term forecasts of economic activity and unemployment. This assumption is inconsistent with the federalist structure of the Federal Reserve in which the Federal funds rate is determined by a committee made up of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Banks. This inconsistency would be irrelevant if differences in the Fed participants’ longer-run projections were small or constant, but they are not: disparities in these longer-run projections are large and volatile. This finding raises several questions: Are FOMC participants relying on the same forecasting framework (i.e., model or rules of thumb) but using different values for the forecast drivers? Or are these participants using the same forecast drivers but relying on different frameworks?

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Mulyadi, Martin, et Yunita Anwar. « Machine learning in accounting : Insight from the March 2023 bank failures ». Risk Governance and Control : Financial Markets & ; Institutions 13, n^o 2 (2023) : 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv13i2p3.

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This research investigates the bank failures in the United States in March 2023, concentrating on the impact of held-to-maturity debt instruments in the event and the implications for accounting methods. Our research deciphers the alleged “accounting loophole” (Farrell, 2023) associated with these securities and provides an in-depth analysis of the associated accounting treatment. We analyze the accounting treatment using the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Furthermore, our study employs automated machine learning techniques and the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) method to identify key accounting features that could explain bank failures. The research identifies five essential accounting aspects, two of which are related to held-to-maturity assets. The findings underscore the importance of these accounting features in evaluating financial institutions, thereby providing valuable insights for stakeholders, decision-makers, and future research. Our research also advocates for increased transparency and accuracy in accounting practices, via ASC 825 (Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB], n.d.-a), particularly related to the fair value of held-to-maturity securities.

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Rossouw, Willem, et Jacobus Young. « Effectiveness of the management of price risk methodologies for the corn market based on trading signals ». Risk Governance and Control : Financial Markets and Institutions 3, n^o 1 (2013) : 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i1art1.

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Corn production is scattered geographically over various continents, but most of it is grown in the United States. As such, the world price of corn futures contracts is largely dominated by North American corn prices as traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. In recent years, this market has been characterised by an increase in price volatility and magnitude of price movement as a result of decreasing stock levels. The development and implementation of an effective and successful derivative price risk management strategy based on the Chicago Board of Trade corn futures contract will therefore be of inestimable value to market stakeholders worldwide. The research focused on the efficient market hypothesis and the possibility of contesting this phenomenon through an application of a derivative price risk management methodology. The methodology is based on a combination of an analysis of market trends and technical oscillators with the objective of generating returns superior to that of a market benchmark. The study found that market participants are currently unable to exploit price movement in a manner which results in returns that contest the notion of efficient markets. The methodology proposed, however, does allow the user to consistently achieve returns superior to that of a predetermined market benchmark. The benchmark price for the purposes of this study was the average price offered by the market over the contract lifetime, and as such, the efficient market hypothesis was successfully contested.

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Almeida, Luís. « Risk and Bankruptcy Research : Mapping the State of the Art ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, n^o 8 (2 août 2023) : 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080361.

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This article presents a bibliometric study on different types of risk and bankruptcy, aiming to contribute to academic knowledge in this area. We used the bibliometrix tools in R and VOSviewer, following the main laws of bibliometrics (Bradford’s law, Lotka’s law, and Zipf’s law). We analyzed 7163 relevant academic publications retrieved from the WOS database between 1995 and 2023. The characterization of the literature identified trends, importance, and scientific relevance of works, journals, and authors. This allows for promoting collaborations among researchers and provides insights for strategic decision making, advancing knowledge in the field. The most relevant journal was the “Journal of Banking and Finance”, with Edward Altman as the prominent author. The United States and China were the most active countries in research. The current research highlights terms such as “board size”, “CRS”, “responsibility”, and “governance”, which are commonly found in recent works. The themes of greatest centrality include risk, model, and debt. The bibliometric review revealed gaps in knowledge and research, indicating a growing trend of studies in this area. This article provides valuable information for researchers and managers, supporting decision making in risk management and bankruptcy.

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Miglietta, Nicola, et Enrico Battisti. « Financial System and Corporate Governance Around the World. Lessons for Emerging Markets ». Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN : 2073-0438 7, n^o 1 (26 avril 2013) : 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.7.1.2013.59-70.

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Authors: Nicola Miglietta Enrico Battisti This work explores the main features of the models of Corporate Governance around the world. The goal is to verify the existence of an optimal model of Corporate Governance that could be a datum point for Emerging Markets. Corporate Governance is deeply tied to different Financial Systems. Usually a Corporation is a kind of partnership amongst managers – employees who operate the firm and commit human resource instead of financial capital – and outside investors. Its financial objective is to maximize shareholders’ value. According to United States and United Kingdom Corporation Law, managers are legally required to act in the interests of the shareholders. In this sense, the Board of Directors is supposed to represent shareholders’ interest, however laws and traditions differ from country to country and it is common to distinguish in between market-based and bank-based systems.We could divide the article in two parts. The first part explores the relations between Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance. The second one examines the Developed Markets’ Corporate Governance Models (Anglo-Saxon Countries, Germany, Japan, Italy) and the Emerging one (most notably Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) in order to identify if the differences between countries can be regarded as more or less relevant. In conclusion, the work highlights the key elements of a Corporate Governance pointing out social and company’ benefits and it identifies in a system of Network Governance, founded on a more active involvement of all stakeholders, a reference point for the Emerging Markets.

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Hopt, Klaus J. « Internal Investigations, Whistleblowing and External Monitoring ». European Company and Financial Law Review 18, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2021) : 863–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2021-0036.

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Internal investigations, whistleblowing and external monitoring are three information and enforcement channels that belong to corporate compliance. They are a task of the management and/or the board of directors. The board is legally bound to see that the compliance obligations are met, but it has broad entrepreneurial discretion (business judgment) in terms of deciding how this should be done. These standards have established themselves in large companies in a typical sequence of a stages and steps: (1) Indication of an incident: plausibility assessment, preparation, possible ad hoc measures, investigation; (2) Legal assessment of the interim result based on the facts at hand, data analysis and interviews; (3) Result and reporting: measures, tracking, follow-up and identification of lessons learned. In the case of listed companies, the establishment of a whistleblower organization is considered to be a part of good corporate governance and may now also legally be part of the organizational compliance obligation that is already required for them. The EU Whistleblower Directive of 7 October 2019 only concerns disclosures about violations of European legal provisions, it is not yet sure whether the Member States will introduce a whistleblower system for national legal provisions too. In the case of external monitoring, a distinction must be made between monitors that are used by the supervisory authority itself, usually through an administrative act, for example in accordance with banking law, and those installed by the company itself, albeit often in an international context and under pressure from a foreign supervisory authority. There is broad and detailed body of comparative legal experiences from the USA, the United Kingdom and Switzerland on internal investigations, whistleblowing and external monitoring, which can also be relevant in other countries for legislation, case law and scholarship. Empirical studies on all three information and enforcement channels are available, but they seem to be scarce. Conversely there are now many important findings and experience from national and international corporate law practice that are particularly relevant for external monitoring, which is still less well known in many countries. These findings not only offer suggestions but in some cases already represent good corporate governance standards. In parts and over the long term they can form legal obligations for the corporate board.

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Chen, Yiwen. « Global Financial Crisis : Unravelling Corporate Governance Failures ». Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 13, n^o 1 (23 janvier 2024) : 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/xcwn2c72.

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The global financial crisis of 2007-2008, stemming from the United States subprime mortgage crisis, was a profound and widespread calamity with far-reaching implications for economies, enterprises, and investors worldwide. This essay posits that the root cause of this crisis lies in the failure of corporate governance, asserting that the outbreak unfolded through three stages: the accumulation, amplification, and outbreak of governance risks. Crucially, the first stage reveals a convergence of internal and external governance failures, marking the conjunction of internal governance lapses—specifically in risk management, executive compensation, board operations, and information disclosure—and external governance deficiencies in government regulation, legal requirements, and social accountability. The multifaceted impact of the crisis, leading to the bankruptcy of prominent financial institutions globally and unprecedented government interventions, underscored the urgency of addressing governance issues. Scholars and researchers globally have since dissected the crisis, identifying lessons and recommending reforms. This essay examines the intricate balance between internal and external governance, emphasizing the imperative of effective interaction. Proposals for improvement include enhancing board structures, implementing substantive disclosure rules, fortifying government regulation, and fostering international cooperation. The aftermath of the crisis, while posing challenges, also presents an opportunity for corporate governance reform. The lessons learned highlight the indispensability of robust governance mechanisms in protecting investor and shareholder interests. Effectively navigating the evolving landscape requires staying abreast of contemporary needs and embracing reforms that align with the dynamic nature of global finance. Ultimately, the financial crisis underscores the pivotal role of effective corporate governance in mitigating risks, fostering sustainable development, and safeguarding societal interests.

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Evelyn, Angelia. « Reviewer Acknowledgements ». Applied Finance and Accounting 3, n^o 2 (27 juillet 2017) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v3i2.2557.

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Applied Finance and Accounting [AFA] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AFA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 2 Adina Criste, “Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaAmira Houaneb, University Ibn Khaldoun, TunisiaAnastasia Kopaneli, University of Patras, GreeceAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelDesti Kannaiah, James Cook University, SingaporeFabio Rizzato, University of Turin, ItalyFeng Jui Hsu, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, TaiwanFlorin Peci, University of Peja, KosovoGheorghe Morosan, Stefan Cel Mare University Suceava Romania, RomaniaIoan Bogdan ROBU, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, RomaniaIulia Lupu, “Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaIzidin El Kalak, Kent University, UKJózsef Móczár, Corvinus University of Budapest, HungaryLuca Sensini, University of Salerno, ItalyLuo Yongli, United StatesMarco Muscettola, Independent researcher, ItalyMawih Kareem AL ANI, Dhofar University, OmanMazurina Mohd Ali, Universiti Teknologi Mara, MalaysiaMohamed Jalloh, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), NigeriaMojeed Idowu John Odumeso-Jimoh, Noble Integrated Resources & Management, NigeriaNicoleta Radneantu, Romanian – American University, RomanianVineet Chouhan, Sir Padampat Singhania University, IndiaVolodymyr Vysochansky, Uzhhorod National University, UkraineWei-Bin Zhang, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, JapanWilson E. Herbert, Bingham University, NigeriaYu Peng Lin, University of Detroit Mercy, USA Angelia EvelynEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Finance and AccountingRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail: afa@redfame.comURL: http://afa.redfame.com

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Shoup, Laurence H. « 'Dangerous Circumstances' : The Council on Foreign Relations Proposes a New Grand Strategy Towards China ». Monthly Review 67, n^o 4 (2 septembre 2015) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-04-2015-08_2.

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The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is the think tank of monopoly-finance capital, Wall Street's think tank. It is also a membership organization: the ultimate networking, socializing, strategic-planning, and consensus-forming institution of the dominant sector of the U.S. capitalist class.… It is the world's most powerful private organization, the "high command" body of the U.S. plutocracy. The Council has an almost century-long history of forming study groups to plan the United States' overall "grand" strategic policies. It sets the agenda for debate, builds consensus among both the powerful and attentive publics, and then inserts its own network of people into public office to implement its favored doctrines in the real world. One of its latest efforts, a study group on U.S. grand strategy toward China, completed its work and issued a report in March 2015—approved by the CFR board of directors—entitled Revising U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China.<a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-4" title="Vol. 67, No. 4: September 2015" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.</a>

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Giannarakis, Grigoris, George Konteos, Eleni Zafeiriou et Xanthi Partalidou. « The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance ». Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, n^o 3 (23 septembre 2016) : 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-1).2016.03.

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This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects the financial performance of the United States (US) companies. In particular, the impact of CSR on financial performance is investigated in terms of involvement in socially responsible initiatives instead of outcome. The Environmental, Social and Governance disclosure score as calculated by Bloomberg is used as a proxy for corporate involvement in socially responsible initiatives. Fixed effects regression is employed to estimate the relationship between the extent of corporate social disclosure (CSD) and financial performance using the data of listed companies on the Standard &amp; Poor’s 500 during the period 2009-2013. The results suggest that the involvement in socially responsible initiatives has a significantly positive effect on financial performance. In addition, the control variables, such as total compensation to directors, CEO duality and women presence on board are statistically significant to financial performance. It is important to incorporate a longer period in order to validate the positive relationship between CSR and financial performance, whilst the sample is focused on large in size US companies. This study chose to approach the topic from a different angle in order to provide an alternate perspective on this issue taking into account the involvement of socially responsible initiatives via CSD. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, disclosure, financial performance. JEL Classification: M140, M410, Q00

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Filipovich, I. I. « HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE USA ». Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2017) : 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-4-96-102.

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The aim of the article is to analyze the system of Higher Education in the USA. It reviews the kinds of educational institutions and types of education which they provide. The system of Higher education in the United States of America is made up of two levels or stages. The first level is undergraduate education and when students complete it they usually become Bachelors of Art or Bachelors of Science. The second level is called postgraduate education which is completed with acquiring Master or Ph.D. degrees. There are several types of higher educational institutions such as colleges, universities, 2-year community colleges, conservatories, art schools, military academies and others. To be admitted in each level of higher education students have to take some certain standardized tests and prove their ability to manage the educational program. The article describes the system of funding of the USA higher education. The educational institutions can be categorized into public, private and for-profit schools. Private and for-profit colleges and universities are the most expensive schools. Students pay for tuition, room and board with their own money. There is a system of educational loans, scholarships and grants which you can take or receive if you do not have enough of your own finance. Americans are willing to pay for the education of their children as well as their own. It has to do with their belief that education will enable them to achieve success and financial stability. Many Americans follow the lifelong learning for professional growth, new knowledge and skills.

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Gibbs, Nikki. « Reviewer Acknowledgements ». Applied Economics and Finance 4, n^o 6 (2 novembre 2017) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v4i6.2756.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 6Aaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaAli Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanDyah Wulan Sari, Airlangga University, IndonesiaErdal Gumus, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyEyup Kadioglu, Capital Markets Board, TurkeyGeorge Theocharides, Cyprus International Institute of Management, CyprusGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineJin Yong Yang, Hankook University of Foreign Studies, KoreaKembo Bwana, College of Business Education, TanzaniaLuca Giordano, IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions), ItalyMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandMahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMohammed Al-Mahish, King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaMurad Harasheh, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkrainePatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaTaro Abe, Nagoya Gakuin University, JapanVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaWoodrow Clark II, Clark Strategic Partners, United States, USAZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USANikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Gibbs, Nikki. « Reviewer Acknowledgements ». Applied Economics and Finance 6, n^o 5 (29 août 2019) : 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i5.4496.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 5Ali Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDyah Wulan Sari, Airlangga University, IndonesiaFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, PakistanGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaHedieh Shadmani, Fairfield University, USAIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKIulia Lupu, Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaKembo Bwana, College of Business Education, TanzaniaMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandMahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptMarco Mele, University of Teramo, ItalyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyOltiana Muharremi Pelari, University of Vlora, AlbaniaPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSebastian Schich, Organisation for Economic Coopertaion and Development (OECD), FranceSzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaWoodrow Clark II, Clark Strategic Partners, United States, USAY. Saidi, M’sila University, AlgeriaZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USAZuzana Janko, San Francisco State University, USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Nuryani, Nunung. « PENGARUH BIAYA AUDIT TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DAN DETERMINAN BIAYA AUDIT ». Jurnal Akuntansi 9, n^o 2 (15 août 2020) : 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/ja.v9i2.760.

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Financial information is one of the important information in decision making. However, many cases of fraud committed by management so that the information in the financial statements cannot be relied upon in decision making. Therefore, the auditor's job is to ensure that the company's financial statements are represented correctly (faithful representation) so that financial statement information becomes more quality and useful in making decisions. So this study aims to examine the effect of audit fee on audit quality. In addition, this study also examines important determinants of audit costs, namely company size, profitability, audit risk, complexity, and firm size. By using the purposive sampling method, samples of the financial and manufacturing industry in 2010-2017 used are 39 firms per year. This sample is used to examine the effect of audit fee on audit quality and the determinant of audit fee using simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The result of this research shows that audit fees have a significant positive effect on audit quality. In addition, this study shows that firm size, complexity, and firm size are important determinants that determine audit fee. However, profitability and audit risk have not been proven to explain audit fees. Keywords: Audit Quality, Audit Fee, Firm Size, Profitability, Audit Risk, Complexity, Auditor Size Referencens: Al-Harshani, Meshari O. (2008), The pricing of audit services: Evidence from Kuwait. Managerial Auditing Journal, 23(7), 685â€“696. Al-Thuneibat, Ali. Abedalqader, Ream Tawfiq Ibrahim Al Issa, & Rana Ahmad Ata Baker, (2011), Do audit tenure and firm size contribute to audit quality? Empirical evidence from Jordan. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(4), 317â€“334. Arens, Alvin A., Randal J. Elder,. Mark S. Beasley (2014), Auditing and Assurance Services: An Integrated Approach. United States: Pearson Education, Inc. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2018), Report to the Nations: 2018 Global Study on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, United States: ACFE. Bhandari, L. C. (1988), Debt/Equity Ratio and Expected Common Stock Returnsâ€¯: Empirical Evidence. The Journal of Finance, 43(2), 507â€“528. Bowerman, Bruce L., Richard T. O'Connell, Emily S. Murphree (2017), Business Statistics in Practice, Eighth Edition, New York: McGraw Hill Education. Brealey, Richard A., Myers, Stewart C. (2000), Principles of Corporate Finance, Boston: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Carey, P. J. (2008), The Benefits of Services Provided by External Accountants to Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Carey, P., & Simnett, R. (2006), Audit partner tenure and audit quality. Accounting Review, 81(3), 653â€“676. Castro, Walther Bottaro de Lima, Ivam Ricardo Peleias, & Glauco Peres da Silva (2015), Determinants of Audit Fees: A Study in the Companies Listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, Brasil. Revista Contabilidade & FinanÃ§as, 26(69), 261â€“273. Chen, C. (2008), Audit Partner Tenure , Audit Firm Tenure , and Discretionary Accrualsâ€¯: Does Long Auditor Tenure Impair Earnings Qualityâ€¯?, 25(2), 415â€“445. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014), Business Research Methods (Twelfth Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. DeAngelo, L. E. (1981), Auditor size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3(3), 183â€“199. Dechow, Patricia. M., Richard. G. Sloan, & Amy P. Sweeney (1995), Detecting Earnings Management. The Accounting Review. DeFond, M., & Zhang, J. (2014), A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2â€“3), 275â€“326. Deis, Donald R., & Gary Giroux (1996), The effect of auditor changes on audit fees, audit hours, and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 15(1), 55â€“76. Eilifsen, Aasmund, Jr William F Messier, Steven M Glover, Douglas F Prawitt (2014), Auditing & Assurance Services, Third Edition, London: McGraw-Hill. Ettredge, Michael., Elizabeth Emeigh Fuerherm, & Chan Li (2014), Fee pressure and audit quality. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39(4), 247â€“263. Ferri, Michael G., & Wesley H. Jones (1979), Determinants of financial structure: a new methodological approach. The Journal of Finance, 34(3), 631â€“643. Francis, Jere. R. (2011), A Framework For Understanding And Researching Audit Quality. Auditing, 30(2), 125â€“152. Ghozali, H. Imam (2016), Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete dengan Program IBM SPSS 23, Edisi ke-8, Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Gitman, Lawrence J., Chad J. Zutter (2012), Principles Of Managerial Finance (Thirteenth). United States: Lawrence J. Gitman. Hoitash, Rani., Ariel Markelevich, & Charles A. Barragato (2007), Auditor fees and audit quality. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), 761â€“786. Horngren, Charles T., L. Sundem, John A. Elliott (1999), Introduction to Financial Accounting, Seventh Edition, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,Inc. Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia (2017), Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK), Jakarta: IAI International Accounting Standard Board (2018), The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018. London : IASB. Jan, Chyan Long (2018), An effective financial statements fraud detection model for the sustainable development of financial markets: Evidence from Taiwan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2). Jensen, Michael C., & William H. Meckling (1976), Theory Of The Firmâ€¯: Managerial Behavior , Agency Costs And Ownership Structure, 3, 305â€“360. Joshi, P. L., & Hasan AL-bastaki (2000), Determinants of Audit Feesâ€¯: Evidence from the Companies Listed in Bahrain, 138(November 1999), 129â€“138. Jubb. (1996), Audit fee determinants: The plural nature of risk. Managerial Auditing Journal, 11(3), 25â€“40. Kieso, Donald E., Jerry J. Weygandt, & Paul D. Kimmel (2013), Financial Accounting IFRS Edition. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kieso, Donald E, Jerry J Weygandt, Terry D Warfield (2018), Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition Third Edition, United States: John Willey & Sons, Inc. Kikhia, Hassan Yahia (2014), Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Jordan. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(1), 42â€“53. Knechel, Robert W., & Ann Vanstraelen (2007), The Relationship between Auditor Tenure and Audit Quality Implied by Going Concern Opinions. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 26(May), 113â€“131. Knechel, W. Robert, Gopal V. Krishnan, Mikhail Pevzner, Lori B Shefchik, & Uma K. Velury (2013), Audit quality: Insights from the academic literature. Auditing, 32(SUPPL.1), 385â€“421. Konrath, Larry F. (2002), Auditing A Risk Analysis Approach, Fifth Edition, South Western. Kusharyanti (2013), Analysis of the Factors Determining the Audit Fee. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy | Ventura, 16(1), 147â€“160. Lennox, C. (1999), Are large auditors more accurate than small auditors? Accounting and Business Research, 29(3), 217â€“227. Lennox, C. S. (1999) Audit quality and auditor size: An evaluation of reputation and deep pockets hypotheses. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 26(7â€“8), 789â€“805. Liu, Siheng. (2017), An Empirical Study: Auditorsâ€™ Characteristics and Audit Fee. Open Journal of Accounting, 06(02), 52â€“70. Lobo, Gerald, & Yuping Zhao (2013), Relation between Audit Effort and Financial Report Misstatements: Evidence from Quarterly and Annual Restatements. Journal of International Accounting Research, 90(4), 1395â€“1435. Manry, David L, Theodore J. Mock, & Jerry L. Turner (2008), Does increased audit partner tenure reduce audit quality? Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 23(4), 553â€“572. Mohammed, Nishtiman Hashim, & Abdullah Saeed Barwari (2018), Determinants of Audit Feesâ€¯: Evidence from UK Alternative Investment Market. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 7(3), 34â€“47. Musah, A. (2017), Determinants of Audit fees in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(11). Newton, Nathan J., Dechun Wang, & Michael S. Wilkins (2013), Does a lack of choice lead to lower quality? evidence from auditor competition and client restatements. Auditing, 32(3), 31â€“67. Nikkinen, J., & Petri SahlstrÃ¶m (2004), Does Agency Theory Provide a General Framework for Audit Pricingâ€¯? International Journal of Auditing, 8, 253â€“262. Ohidoa, T., & Okun, O. O. (2018), Firms Attributes and Audit Fees in Nigeria Quoted Firms. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3), 685â€“699. Pham, Ngoc Kim, Hung Nguyen Duong, Tin Pham Quang, & Nga Ho Thi Thuy (2017), Audit Firm Size, Audit Fee, Audit Reputation and Audit Quality: The Case of Listed Companies in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 9(1), 429. Rahman, Dr Onaolapo Adekunle Abdul, Ajulo Olajide Benjamin, Onifade Hakeem Olayinka (2017), Effect of Audit Fees on Audit Quality: Evidence from Cement Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. Effect of Audit Fees on Audit Quality: Evidence from Cement Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria., 5(1), 6â€“17. Rahmina, Listya Yuniastuti, & Sukrisno Agoes (2015), Influence of Auditor Independence, Audit Tenure, and Audit Fee on Audit Quality of Members of Capital Market Accountant Forum in Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164(August), 324â€“331. Republik Indonesia (2008), Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah. Sandra, & Patrick. (1996), The Deteminants of Audit Fees in HongKong: An Empirical Study. Asian Review of Accounting, 4(2), 32â€“50. Scott, William R (2015), Financial Accounting Theory, Seventh Edition, United States: Pearson Canada Inc. Shibano, T. (1990), Assessing Audit Risk from Errors and Irregularities. Journal of Accounting Research, 28(1990), 110. Sivathaasan, N., R. Tharanika, M. Sinthuja, V. Hanitha (2013), Factors determining Profitability: A Study of Selected Manufacturing Companies listed on Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(27), 99-107â€“107. Subramanyam, K. R. (2014), Financial Statement Analysis, Eleventh Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Sun, Jerry, & Guoping Liu (2011), Client-specific litigation risk and audit quality differentiation. Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(4), 300â€“316. Tritschler, Jonas (2013), Audit Quality: Association Between Published Reporting Errors and Audit Firm Characteristics. Vu, Dinh Ha Thu Vu (2012), Determinants of audit fees for Swedish listed non-financial firms in NASDAQ OMX Stockholm. Whittington, Ray & Kurt Pany (2004), Principles of Auditing and Other Assurance Services, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Williams, David D. (1988), The Potential Determinants of Auditor Change. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 15(2), 243â€“261. Wooten, T. C. (2003), Research About Audit Quality. Wu, Shu-Hsing, Tsung-Che Wu, & Kun-Lin Yang (2017), Fair Value Information, Audit fees and Audit Committee in Taiwan. International Journal of Financial Research, 8(2), 124. Xu, Jiabing (2017), Analysis on the Relationship between Audit Fee Management and Audit Quality in China, 53(ICEM 2017), 530â€“533.

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Gibbs, Nikki. « Reviewer Acknowledgements ». Applied Economics and Finance 6, n^o 2 (21 mars 2019) : 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i2.4165.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Mahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineGeorge Theocharides, Cyprus International Institute of Management, CyprusRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineSteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USAMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaJolita Vveinhardt, Lithuanian Sports University, LithuaniaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyY. Saidi, M’sila University, AlgeriaSorin Gabriel Anton, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaAaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, Quetta – Pakistan. , PakistanHichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaLuca Giordano, CONSOB, ItalyRomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSebastian Schich, Organisation for Economic Coopertaion and Development (OECD), FranceNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USAAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkraineHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptDimitrios Koumparoulis, University of the People, USARajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, InidaZuzana Janko, San Francisco State University, USAKaveh Dalvand, University of Delaware, United States Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Barnett, William A., et Robert Solow. « AN INTERVIEW WITH FRANCO MODIGLIANI ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 4, n^o 2 (juin 2000) : 222–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100500015042.

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Franco Modigliani's contributions in economics and finance have transformed both fields. Although many other major contributions in those fields have come and gone, Modigliani's contributions seem to grow in importance with time. His famous 1944 article on liquidity preference has not only remained required reading for generations of Keynesian economists but has become part of the vocabulary of all economists. The implications of the life-cycle hypothesis of consumption and saving provided the primary motivation for the incorporation of finite lifetime models into macroeconomics and had a seminal role in the growth in macroeconomics of the overlapping generations approach to modeling of Allais, Samuelson, and Diamond. Modigliani and Miller's work on the cost of capital transformed corporate finance and deeply influenced subsequent research on investment, capital asset pricing, and recent research on derivatives. Modigliani received the Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics in 1985.In macroeconomic policy, Modigliani has remained influential on two continents. In the United States, he played a central role in the creation of a the Federal Reserve System's large-scale quarterly macroeconometric model, and he frequently participated in the semiannual meetings of academic consultants to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in Washington, D.C. His visibility in European policy matters is most evident in Italy, where nearly everyone seems to know him as a celebrity, from his frequent appearances in the media. In the rest of Europe, his visibility has been enhanced by his publication, with a group of distinguished European and American economists, of “An Economists' Manifesto on Unemployment in the European Union,” which was signed by a number of famous economists and endorsed by several others.This interview was conducted in two parts on different dates in two different locations, and later unified. The initial interview was conducted by Robert Solow at Modigliani's vacation home in Martha's Vineyard. Following the transcription of the tape from that interview, the rest of the interview was conducted by William Barnett in Modigliani's apartment on the top floor of a high-rise building overlooking the Charles River near Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Those concluding parts of the interview in Cambridge continued for the two days of November 5–6, 1999 with breaks for lunch and for the excellent espresso coffee prepared by Modigliani in an elaborate machine that would be owned only by someone who takes fine coffee seriously.Although the impact that Modigliani has had on the economics and finance professions is clear to all members of those professions, only his students can understand the inspiration that he has provided to them. However, that may have been adequately reflected by Robert Shiller at Yale University in correspondence regarding this interview, when he referred to Modigliani as: “my hero.”

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Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson. « Preface to the Volume 2 Issue 2 of Indian Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance ». Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 2, n^o 2 (1 avril 2018) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2018.2.2.44.

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It is a great pleasure to introduce the second volume second issue of our journal into the global community yearning for high-quality, impactful papers. IPJAF continues to seek and provide readers throughout the world with technology supported peer-reviewed scholarly articles on a broad range of established and emergent areas of accounting, finance, business, economics, and social sciences. I am resolute to maintain the high-quality standard of research and publication which is anchored on the exemplary service and dedication of our editorial board, editorial review and the editorial office. This volume 2, issue 2 comprises five manuscripts dealing with financial accounting, taxation, and auditing. The first article entitled “Examining the independent audit committee, managerial ownership, independent board member and audit quality in listed banks” by Dr. Hisar Pangaribuana (Adventist University of Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia), Dr. Jenny Sihombinga (Adventist University of Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia), and Dr. Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia) examines the effects of the independent audit committee on the relationship between managerial ownership and independent board member on audit quality in the Indonesian listed banks. The unit of analysis is companies carrying on the banking business and listed on the Indonesian stock exchange (IDX) between the period of 2010 to 2015. This study is explanatory (i.e., causal predictive), and uses the second generation structural equation modelling statistical analysis tools, PLS-SEM and PROCESS Partial Least Square for hypotheses testing. The results show that the independent board member has a significant impact on the independent audit committee and the audit quality. The study reveals that managerial ownership does not influence audit quality. The adoption of the independent audit committee with a long tenure of years can be potentially risky and less creative. As a result, their oversight functions may be in jeopardy, impaired or reduced performances. The research findings reveal no significant indirect effects of the independent audit committee on the relationship between managerial ownership, independent board member and audit quality in the banks listed in IDX. Independent board members need to renew the appointment of the independent audit committee members to improve the quality of the oversight functions undertaken by the audit committee, and hence, enhance audit quality. The authors suggest further research on the ideal level of managerial ownership and number of an independent board member to produce a good audit quality in the Indonesian listed banks. The second article titled “Salaried taxpayers’ internal states and assessment performance under self-assessment system: a quasi-experimental evaluation” by Dr. Noraza Mat Udin (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia) takes a look at the first reform that impacts taxpayers, that is, the implementation of self-assessment system (SAS) to replace the old assessment system in 2004. The perception is that SAS had entirely changed the taxpayers’ responsibilities from being assessed by the tax authority to a person who is responsible for assessing own income tax liability. Her study explores the public fora debates on whether taxpayers can perform their responsibilities that were previously handled by trained tax personnel in Malaysia. Her paper reports the findings of a quasi-experimental evaluation of salaried individual taxpayers’ in the early stage of SAS implementation. She argues that a lot needs to be done, notwithstanding SAS had been implemented for more than a decade, the problem of taxpayer performance is continuing due to the dynamic nature of taxation in reality. The data were collected using a quasi-experimental method known as posttest-only no-treatment control group design. The sample comprised post-graduate students, who were actual taxpayers. Among the elements of the taxpayer’s internal states considered in this study, tax knowledge was found to have a significant relationship with assessment performance. Further analysis was conducted which showed that the majority of tax knowledge dimensions had a significant relationship with taxpayer assessment performance. The findings of this study have contributed to the body of knowledge because there is a general dearth of published research, particularly in Malaysia that investigates taxpayer assessment performance especially using an experimental approach. The third article with a caption, “Working capital management and firm performance: lessons learnt during and after the financial crisis of 2007-2008 in Nigeria” by Mr. Sunday Simon (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Dr. Norfaiezah Sawandi (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Prof. Dr. Mohamad Ali Abdul-Hamid (Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirate) examines the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance during and after the financial crisis of 2007-2008 in Nigeria. The authors argue that the financial crisis could be attributable to the deterioration and ultimate failure of WCM performance that affected many Nigerian firms. During the crisis, lending conditions were deeply affected, and financing operations became challenging for firms. Although research findings on the causes and effects of the crisis on the economy are known, what remains unknown is whether the financial crisis had a significant impact on WCM performance. The differences between the two periods, the crisis period and then after the crisis period, is operationalised through two analyses. The findings indicate that WCM variables have more explanatory power (R2) in the period after the crisis than during the crisis. Also, the results of the Cramer Z-statistic, which examined between sample comparisons of the R2, revealed that the Z-scores are significant, implying that a significant difference existed between the two periods. It suffices to say that WCM was affected during the financial crisis and led to low profitability, whereas, during the after-crisis period, WCM associates with higher profitability. These findings have implications for managers and policymakers because access to financing has become a global problem and adequate WCM management increases a company’s resilience to financial and external shocks. The fourth article entitled “The Influence of Technology Readiness on Information Technology Competencies and Civil Conflict Environment” by Prof. Dr. Kamil Md. Idris (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Associate Prof. Dr. Akilah Abdullah (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Haetham H. Kasem Alkhaffaf (OYA Graduate School of Business, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Al-Hasan Al-Aidaros (Islamic Business School, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia). Their study confirms prior findings that the Technology Readiness scale can capture the association among technology readiness and technology usage behaviours. The study also expands earlier research by investigating the impact of technology readiness on individual competency among accountants to using IT in a workplace under the intensity of civil conflict in Iraqi environment. The result shows that there is a positive significant relationship between technology readiness and the IT competencies of Iraqi accountants. It implies that the technology readiness regarding willingness, enthusiasm, and motivation of accountants using IT has an impact on their IT competencies. In other words, the higher the readiness of the accountants in making use of technology, the higher their competence in the use of IT. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in terms of theory, method and practice in Iraq especially and developing countries in general. The fifth article titled “Mediating effect of Quality-differentiated Auditor on the relationship between Managerial ownership and Monitoring mechanisms” and authored by Dr. Rachael Oluyemisi Arowolo (Chrisland University, Nigeria), Prof. Dr. Ayoib Che-Ahmad (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia), Dr. Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola (Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia) and Dr. Hisar Pangaribuana (Adventist University of Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia) examines the relationship between Managerial Ownership (MO) and MMs with quality-differentiated auditors (QDA) as the channel for the relationship. Over the past decade, most studies in corporate governance and audit market emphasised the importance of monitoring mechanisms (MM), especially after the global economic meltdown resulting from the Enron saga. The literature on MM continues growing as many countries especially the Sub-Saharan Africa are still struggling to come out of the effect of the economic meltdown and businesses continues to fail or merge. The study used data from non-financial listed companies in Nigeria providing empirical supports that MO significantly associates with MMs in the right direction. Likewise, QDA also influences the MMs in the right direction suggesting that QDA is necessarily required to enhance adequate MMs. The findings of this study provide support for the association of MO and MMs with the intervention of QDA for solutions to agency problems. Companies should, therefore, motivate the management to own shares within the reasonable range that aligns the interest of the management with that of the shareholders. This paper adds to knowledge especially in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa by examining a mediating effect to depict the relationship between MO and MM, which are not evident in prior studies It is my conviction that in the coming year, the vision of IPJAF to publish high-quality manuscripts in the established and emergent areas of accounting and finance from academic and professional researchers will be sustained and appreciated. As you read throughout this volume 2, issue 2 of IPJAF, I would like to remind you that the success of our journal depends on you, your friends and colleagues as stakeholder through the submission of high-quality articles for review and publication. Once again, I acknowledge with gratitude your continued support as we strive to make IPJAF the most authoritative journal on accounting and finance for the community of academic, professional, industry, society and government. Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson Popoola, PhD Editor-in-Chief popoola@omjpalpha.com

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Vastine, J. Robert. « Services Negotiations in the Doha Round : Promise and Reality ». Global Economy Journal 5, n^o 4 (7 décembre 2005) : 1850059. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1146.

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The paper analyzes the state of play in the negotiations and the challenges facing meaningful services trade liberalization in the Doha Round. In tracing the treatment of services in the WTO, the reasons are examined for the success of the 1997 financial and telecommunications services negotiations and how those negotiations marked the entry of services companies and associations as advocates for services liberalization in the WTO. High expectations for substantial reductions in barriers to services trade emerged from the 1997 negotiations, but thus far remain unfulfilled. In the Doha Round the quality of offers has been poor and little progress has been made primarily because many WTO Members cannot perceive the economic benefits of trade liberalization. It is argued that this Round’s success is contingent upon the ability of the developed countries to respond to the legitimate concerns of the developing countries. However, too much attention has been given to trying to find a formula for services liberalization and not enough on hard bilateral bargaining. After analyzing various proposals put forth to jumpstart the talks, the paper suggests grouping key WTO Members and identifying “incentives that will motivate those groups.” The countries of greatest interest to the United States can be divided into three groups. Offers in agriculture, temporary entry, and emergency safeguards would appeal to each of these and provide a basis for progress. It is concluded that “a Doha Round that does not contain substantial benefits for services is a Round that will have failed” and will not have industry support if it is to be implemented by the US Congress. J. Robert Vastine is the President of US Coalition of Service Industries (CSI) in Washington, DC. Prior to joining the CSI, he served as President of the Congressional Economic Leadership Institute, a bi-partisan, non-profit foundation that helps educate Congress on issues affecting US economic competitiveness. His extensive Capitol Hill experience includes posts as Staff Director of the Senate Republican Conference, Minority Staff Director of the Senate Committee on Government Affairs; Legislative Director for Senator John H. Chafee of Rhode Island; and Legislative Assistant for Congressman Thomas B. Curtis of Missouri. His Executive Branch experience includes service as Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Trade and Raw Materials Policy and Vice President of the Oversight Board of the Resolution Trust Corporation, which was chaired by Secretaries of the Treasury Brady and Bentsen, and he has had extensive private-sector experience. Vastine is Chairman of the official Industry Trade Advisory Committee for International Trade in Services (ITAC 10), which advises the US Trade Representative. He was a fellow of the Institute of Politics of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has written a number of articles on US trade policy. Vastine is a graduate of Haverford College and the Johns Hopkins University School for Advanced International Studies.

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Johnson, Craig L. « Environmental Finance : Sowing Intellectual Seeds to Cultivate a New Field/EcoCenter Chicago Board of Trade/Environmental Finance Program United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Chief Financial Officer/Financing Change : The Financial Community, Eco-Efficiency, and Sustainable Development Stephan Schmidheiny and Federico Zorraquin/Greening Financial Markets : Report of the UNEP Round-Table Meeting on Commercial Banks and the Environment Scott Vaughan, Editor ». Journal of Public Affairs Education 6, n^o 2 (avril 2000) : 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2000.12023466.

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Tharakan, Elizabeth. « SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF THE WHITENESS OF WEALTH ». International Journal of Law, Ethics, and Technology 2023, n^o 2 (28 août 2023) : 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55574/klul2225.

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Peggy McIntosh details “white privilege” 1as including: being in the company of people of her own race; renting or purchasing affordable housing in a desirable area; having pleasant neighbors; shopping alone without being harassed or followed; and turning on the TV or opening the newspaper to see heavy representation of people of her own race. 2 The history of slavery is one major source of wealth disparity: four generations ago, African-Americans were a form of wealth as slaves and even before that, Africans in Africa were seen as primitive. The socioeconomic disadvantages to African-Americans and finding solutions to this problem, especially solutions through funding HBCU’s, targeted debt relief, and increased Black representation in the media, are the aims of this paper on the black-white wealth gap. The average per capita wealth of White Americans was $338,093 in 2019 but only $60,126 for Black Americans. 3 On average between 1950 and 2010, Black households held about 7 percent of their wealth in stock equity; among White households, it was 18 percent. According to the 2016 General Social Survey, a 55% majority of white Republicans agree with the statement that black Americans are worse off financially “because most just don’t have the motivation or willpower to pull themselves up out of poverty.” 4 42% of white Republicans thought black Americans were lazier than white Americans and 26% rated black Americans as less intelligent. 5 The history of the black-white wealth gap is entrenched in slavery and its after-effects. These effects include the Jim Crow rules, the sharecropping landownership system, discrimination, Congress passing unfair tax laws, the tenfold wealth gap, and attempts to fix it with affirmative action. One solution is the benefit of educating black students at historically black colleges and universities such as Howard, Morehouse, and Spelman: Wealthy philanthropists like Mackenzie Scott, the ex-wife of Jeff Bezos, making massive donations to HBCU’s so that Black universities can offer more scholarships to deserving Black students. Robert Smith, the wealthiest black man in the United States, promised to pay off the debts of the Morehouse College class of 2019. Therefore, enabling black students to afford college and allowing them to face fewer obstacles to graduating college are worthwhile, positive aspects of the HBCUs. The best solution to the black-white wealth gap is targeted debt relief, as opposed to blanket debt relief. Scholars argue for increasing Pell Grants so that they cover tuition, room, board and course materials to help more Blacks graduate debt-free. 6 Black students have less access to generational wealth and are the most likely to rely on debt to finance their educations. In this way, targeted debt relief would dramatically help Black students and college graduates. Another solution is more favorable representation of Blacks in the media. Stuart Hall argued that the solution to negative representations of Blacks were favorable portrayals of Blacks.

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Bagchi, Shantanu. « Means testing and Social Security in the United States ». International Studies of Economics, 14 septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ise3.67.

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AbstractThis paper uses a heterogeneous‐agent overlapping‐generations model to examine the fiscal and distributional consequences of introducing a means test in US Social Security. I find that a means test, that is, conditioning benefit payments on a household's earnings or assets, leads to a higher implicit tax on old‐age resources, but has desirable distributional effects. A 75% cut in the benefits to households with earnings of more than 200% of the median leads to a 2.3% reduction in the overall size of Social Security, but has almost no effect on average dollar benefits. In contrast, a fiscally comparable payroll tax cut leads to an across‐the‐board decline of 2% in the average dollar benefits, despite an increase in capital and labor. A fiscally comparable delay in the benefit eligibility age increases benefits for all, but negatively affects capital and labor. Finally, an asset‐based means test causes a decline of 1% in the average dollar benefits, but has a large negative effect on capital and the accidental bequests left behind by deceased households.

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Liao, Qunfeng, Bin Srinidhi et Ke Wang. « Do Family Firms Issue More Readable Annual Reports ? Evidence From the United States ». Journal of Accounting, Auditing & ; Finance, 30 septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x231198894.

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Using a sample of 22,442 firm-year observations for 3,721 U.S. listed firms, we show that family firms, on average, issue annual reports with higher readability than non-family firms. Higher readability could occur due to lower obfuscation or less information conveyance. By controlling complexity and choosing readability measures linked to obfuscation, we attribute the higher readability to lower obfuscation. Our investigation into the heterogeneity in family firms shows that the positive effect of family control on reporting readability exists for eponymous family firms but not for non-eponymous family firms. We also find that family firms managed by founders or heirs issue more readable 10-K reports than non-family firms, but family firms managed by outsiders do not exhibit such a difference. Cross-sectional analyses show that the difference in readability between family and non-family firms diminishes for firms with more earnings manipulation, weaker board governance, and dual-class shares. Further, we find that investors perceive family firms’ annual reports with higher readability to be more informative. Finally, we use state-level succession tax cuts as an exogenous shock to link the higher readability to family insiders’ incentives and preferences. Our findings are consistent with the view that family insiders’ incentive to maintain family reputation contributes to lower obfuscation in 10-K narrative disclosures.

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Lee, Jae Min, et Yoon G. Lee. « Multidimensional credit attitude and credit card debt behavior in the United States ». Review of Behavioral Finance ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (15 février 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-09-2020-0239.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to construct composite index variables of credit attitude using six attitudinal variables. This study also examines the relationship between consumer credit attitude and credit card debt behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the pooled dataset of the 2010 and 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) released by the Federal Reserve Board. A total of 8,417 households were used as our analytic sample. The credit card indices were constructed using factor analysis with polychoric correlations. Factors of the credit card debt behaviors were estimated using hierarchical logistic regression models.FindingsThe results of factor analysis identified two credit attitude indices (wants and needs). The results of hierarchical logistic regression analyses show that the credit attitude indices have a positive influence on payment behaviors; households with more favorable attitudes about credit use for non-necessities (wants) were more likely to hold an outstanding credit card balance, have irregular payment practice and pay a revolving charge.Originality/valueAlthough there is ample documentation in the literature of credit behavior, the current literature is deficient in some areas for not addressing unobserved consumer attitudinal dispositions. Further, the separate treatment of selected survey items or an additive scale of survey items has been widely used; however, this approach cannot capture multidimensional characteristics among attitudinal items if credit attitude is not necessarily unidimensional. In response to the shortfall in the extant literature on credit card behavior, this study examined multidimensional aspects of credit attitude as a determinant of credit card debt behavior through methodological justification. Implications for future research and practitioners are provided.

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Wiersema, Margarethe F., et Marie Louise Mors. « Women Directors and Board Dynamics : Qualitative Insights from the Boardroom ». Journal of Management, 4 juin 2023, 014920632311734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01492063231173421.

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Despite increasing attention to gender diversity on corporate boards, we have only limited understanding of what occurs within the boardroom when women are present. Prior empirical research has used various theories to infer how board gender diversity may influence firm outcomes, but without identifying the theoretical mechanisms underlying women directors’ influence on the board. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with women and men who have collectively served as directors with over 200 publicly listed companies in the United States and Europe. While prior research has suggested that the diverse cognitive perspectives women directors bring influence board decision-making, our study reveals novel insights as to the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we contribute to the board gender diversity literature with the finding that women behave in ways contrary to existing board norms. By coming to board meetings highly prepared, being willing to acknowledge that they do not know something, asking questions, and getting things on the table, women impact the dialogue and interactions in the boardroom. Thus, our study sheds light on how the presence of women influences board dynamics, which has implications for corporate governance. Our findings also challenge prevailing gender theories as to how women are likely to behave, in that we do not find that women conform to gender stereotypes. Yet, we also find impediments to women directors’ ability to gain influence, in that men directors may not always acknowledge them or afford them respect as equal board members.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « United States. Centennial Board of Finance »

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