Articles de revues : « Unconventional grout »

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Sai, Kolluru Venkata, V. V. N. Prabhakara Rao et V. Mallikarjuna. « A Review on the Utilisation of Silica Fume and Metakaolin as Novel Grout Materials ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1130, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2023) : 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012009.

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Abstract One of the approaches for solving challenges related to foundations, open cut excavations, landslides, rock slopes, fractured rocks and tunnelling is enhancement of soil via grouting. Two main components of soil enhancement are reduced permeability and increase in strength. To overcome reduced strength and permeability in soils and rock fissures, it has always depended on cement and lime treatment. To replace cement and lime, chemical and ultra-fine cementitious grouts are often employed to break through highly fissured rocks or fine sands. This document gives a censorious evaluation of chosen studies that used unconventional cementitious grouts in order to assist practicing engineers and promote best practice. In sand and cohesive soils, sodium silicate, colloidal silica, metakaolin, silica fume, fly ash, resins, polymers, and microfine substitutes were evaluated as grouting material. The intent of the article is to procure effective data for consultants and contractors who will be building injection works that use non-cementitious fluids in the future.

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Pikłowska, Anna. « Rheological properties of cement slurries modified by silica nanostructures applied in drilling industry ». E3S Web of Conferences 71 (2018) : 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187100012.

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The most important purpose of cementing boreholes is to counteract the inflow of deep-seated waters into productive levels of oil and gas-bearing rocks. The increasing requirements regarding the properties of cement grout and cement stone enforces the search for unconventional solutions and materials that will provide a resolved improvement in their properties and resistance to temperature and chemical factors in difficult geological and reservoir conditions. Therefore, the number of binding materials that have been improved by various types of structures is growing rapidly. Materials with the properties needed to meet the above challenges are close to the technology of nanomaterials, which are still used in the oil industry to a very small extent. The comparative analysis conducted by the author showed that using appropriate amounts of SiO2 nanoparticles it will be possible to design a cement paste with good rheological parameters, high strength and, at the same time, characterized by low filtration.

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Selvakumar, R. « Unconventional construction of DNA codes : Group Homomorphism ». Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography 17, n^o 3 (4 mai 2014) : 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720529.2013.858476.

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Niecke, Edgar, et Dietrich Gudat. « Iminophosphanes : Unconventional Compounds of Main Group Elements ». Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 30, n^o 3 (mars 1991) : 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199102173.

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Knight, D. P. « Unconventional collagens ». Journal of Cell Science 113, n^o 23 (1 décembre 2000) : 4141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.23.4141.

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Unconventional Collagens Types VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XIV, XVI and XIX by S. Ricard-Blum, B. Dublet and M. van der Rest Oxford University Press (2000) pp.155. ISBN 0–19-850545-0 35.00 This thoroughly researched monograph in Oxford University Press's ‘Protein Profile Series’ reviews substantially all the significant literature on this interesting and highly important group of proteins. The authors use the term ‘Unconventional Collagens’ for the collagens of higher vertebrate connective tissues which do not, of themselves, form classical fibrils with a 68 nm banding pattern. The authors chose to omit type IV collagen as this, they claim, would have almost doubled the size of the volume. The monograph represents a very considerable achievement in three respects. Firstly it comprehensively reviews the literature on the sequence, structure, expression, post-translational modification, genetics, physiological function and pathology of each separate unconventional collagen. The thoroughness of this review is indicated by the fact that the bibliography contains no fewer than 1196 references. Secondly, the monograph identifies the modular domain structure for each collagen, clearly demonstrating that these proteins are block co-polymers mainly derived in evolution from a small number of ancestral genes. Thirdly, it starts to identify the way in which the different modules of these sticky molecules interact with each other and with other connective tissue components. This is an important start if we are to understand their vital role in the self-assembly processes which occur in embryology, tissue repair and the major degenerative and collagen gene diseases The clearly written and well set out text is supported by excellent micrographs of rotary shadowed molecules and molecular aggregates and a wealth of diagrams and tables. The book has, in my view, three minor shortcomings: a short summary chapter on type IV would enable the non-specialist reader to relate this collagen to the other non-conventional collagens. Concise summaries at the ends of each chapter would orient newcomers to the field. More significantly, apart from the brief introduction, the book lacks an overall synthesis which pulls together the findings of the separate chapters. These slight limitations aside, this book is essential reading for those engaged in connective tissue research and will do much to stimulate further activity in this area. It will also be of considerable interest to tissue engineers, pathologists and embryologists.

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NIECKE, E., et D. GUDAT. « ChemInform Abstract : Iminophosphanes : Unconventional Compounds of Main Group Elements ». ChemInform 22, n^o 20 (23 août 2010) : no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199120306.

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Oliveira Júnior, Waldemar Mendes de, et Carmita Helena Najjar Abdo. « Unconventional sexual behaviors and their associations with physical, mental and sexual health parameters : a study in 18 large Brazilian cities ». Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 32, n^o 3 (25 juin 2010) : 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462010005000013.

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OBJECTIVE: There have been many studies investigating paraphilias and sexual compulsion, but thus far little data about prevalence of unusual sexual practices that are subthreshold for these diagnoses. The associations between unconventional sexual behavior and sociodemographic and health parameters were investigated. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 7,022 individuals (45.4% of women) was carried out using a selfadministered questionnaire that compared individuals carrying at least one reference of unconventional sexual behavior (group 1) with individuals without such reference (group 2). RESULTS: Women's mean age was 35.0 vs. 35.9 years (p < 0.05) and men's mean age was 36.5 vs. 37.8 years (p < 0.05) being lower in group 1 than in group 2, respectively. More men (52.3%) than women (30.4%) (p < 0.001) presented unconventional sexual behavior. Fetishism (13.4%) and voyeuristic behavior (13.0%) were more frequent. Unconventional sexual behavior was associated with male gender, single or separated marital status, black or mulatto race, elementary and high school educational level, history of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment, alcohol dependence, emergency contraception, difficulty at the beginning of sexual life, sexual violence, bisexuality, and performance of anal or oral intercourse. CONCLUSION: Unconventional sexual behaviors are important because they are associated with poorer health status and lower educational levels.

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SiguA, Badri Valerievich, Vyacheslav Petrovich Zemlyanoy, Evgeny Alekseevich Zakharov, Malkhaz Yurievich Tsikoridze et Anatoliy Nikolaevich Napalkov. « Unconventional Technique of Terminolateral Pancreatojejunostomy Formation ». Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 14, n^o 1 (12 janvier 2021) : 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2021-14-1-25-32.

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Backgraund. Pancreatoduodenal resection (PDR) is the only radical treatment for malignant tumors of the periampullary zone. The development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common complication of PDR. The main risk factors for the development of POPF are the narrow main pancreatic duct and the soft, "juicy" pancreatic parenchyma. Thus, it is the stage of formation of a pancretodigestive anastomosis that is of decisive importance for the course of the postoperative period.The aim of the study was to improve immediate surgical treatment outcomes of patients suffering from oncological diseases of the periampullary zone with a soft pancreas and a narrow pancreatic duct.Methods. A novel method to form terminolateral reservoir invagination pancreatojejunostomy has been developed and introduced into clinical practice. The results of treatment of 94 patients with tumors of the periampullary zone were analyzed. Based on preoperative radiological diagnosis and intraoperative findings, such factors of a high risk of POPF development as a soft pancreas and a narrow major pancreatic duct ( 3 mm) were detected in 23 patients (24.4%). In 11 patients who were treated in 2018-2019, a novel method of pancreato-jejunoanastomosis formation was applied. The comparison group consisted of 12 patients who received treatment in 2014-2017; a differentiated approach to the formation of a pancreatodigestive anastomosis was not applied.Results. In patients of the main group, there was a tendency to an increase in the proportion of pylorus-saving PDRs. The only statistically significant difference was the use of reservoir terminolateral pancreatojejunostomy at the reconstructive stage of surgery. Complicated postoperative course was observed in 7 (63.6%) patients of the main group and in all patients of the comparison group (p 0.05). There was also a decrease in the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas from 66.6 to 18.2% (p 0.05) in the study group. Repeated surgery was required in 3 (27.2%) patients of the main group and 7 (58.3%) patients in the comparison group (p 0.05). The lethal outcome was recorded in 2 (18.2%) patients of the main group and in 3 (25%) in the comparison group (p 0.05).Conclusion. A soft, loose pancreas and a narrow main pancreatic duct are the most significant risk factors for complications in the postoperative period. Management of this condition requires a differentiated approach to the treatment option of pancreatodigestive anastomosis formation, depending on the characteristics of the pancreas of an individual patient. The proposed technique for the reservoir terminolateral pancreatojejunoanastomosis formation allowed statistically significantly reducing the incidence of complications from 100 to 63.6% and the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas from 66.6 to 18.2% in high-risk patients..

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Liotta, Luigi, Federica Litrenta, Vincenzo Lo Turco, Angela Giorgia Potortì, Vincenzo Lopreiato, Vincenzo Nava, Arianna Bionda et Giuseppa Di Bella. « Evaluation of Chemical Contaminants in Conventional and Unconventional Ragusana Provola Cheese ». Foods 11, n^o 23 (26 novembre 2022) : 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233817.

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Organic contaminants belonging to various classes (plasticizers, bisphenols, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs,) were analyzed in samples of provola cheese produced from Friesian dairy cows fed with a conventional diet (group CTR), and an unconventional diet (group BIO) enriched with olive cake (OC). The results show that for most determined contaminants, the differences between the two diets were very slight, indicating that the contamination does not depend on the olive cake integrated in the unconventional diet. The results also indicate that the minimal contamination could result from environmental contamination or the production process. It can be concluded that unconventional provola is as safe for the consumer as conventional provola.

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Wilson, Adam. « Group To Examine Potential Health Effects From Producing Unconventional Resources ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 66, n^o 08 (1 août 2014) : 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0814-0128-jpt.

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Fu Pingping, Wu Chong et Tang Jie. « Unconventional Emergency Management Based on Intelligent Group Decision-making Methodology ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 4, n^o 7 (30 avril 2012) : 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol4.issue7.24.

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Matsumoto, Masashige, et Mikito Koga. « Numerical Renormalization Group Study of Kondo Effect in Unconventional Superconductors ». Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 70, n^o 10 (octobre 2001) : 2860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.70.2860.

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Jakobsson, Jimmy Erik, Gaute Grønnevik, Waqas Rafique, Karoline Hartvig et Patrick Johannes Riss. « Formamide as an Unconventional Amine Protecting Group for PET Radiochemistry ». European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2018, n^o 27-28 (19 juillet 2018) : 3701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201800554.

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Yang, Yi, Qinghai Zhou, Junjie Cai, Teng Xue, Yingle Liu, Yan Jiang, Yumei Su, Lungwa Chung et David A. Vicic. « Exploiting the trifluoroethyl group as a precatalyst ligand in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylations ». Chemical Science 10, n^o 20 (2019) : 5275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00554d.

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MILLEV, Y. T. « QUENCHED RANDOMNESS IN UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS ». Modern Physics Letters B 04, n^o 22 (décembre 1990) : 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984990001768.

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The renormalisation-group analysis is used to study the influence of quenched disorder of the random-Tc type upon the critical properties of unconventional superconductors to first order in ε. Several new fixed points of the flow equations are located. The analysis of their stability shows that quenched randomness in models of unconventional superconductors does not change the first-order character of the transition which has been found to be the rule in pure unconventional superconductors.

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KORUTCHEVA, ELKA R., et YONKO T. MILLEV. « FLUCTUATION EFFECTS AND ANISOTROPY IN UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS ». Modern Physics Letters B 03, n^o 18 (décembre 1989) : 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984989002132.

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The renormalization group procedure is used to study the interacting-fluctuations regime of an m-component complex order-parameter field with a cubic anisotropy of the type recently discussed group-theoretically in search for an explanation of superconductivity in heavy-fermion systems as well as in high-T c superconductors. The intrinsic magnetic fluctuations are also taken into consideration. The main scaling and the corrections to the scaling laws are completely elucidated. The cross-coupling between the real and the imaginary parts in the cubic term modifies significantly the renormalization-group flow equations in comparison with the real φ4-model with a cubic anisotropy. We find that anisotropy acts to 'stiffen' the first-order character of the transition (the Halperin-Lubensky-Ma effect).

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Dunkel, Michael. « Unconventional Plays : Water Management’s Evolution and Forecast ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, n^o 01 (1 janvier 2023) : 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0123-0038-jpt.

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_ Prior to 2012, water management for unconventional oil and gas plays was in its infancy and was trying to keep up with operations. Questions about the scale of the unconventionals, water-sourcing limitations, economics of water reuse, infrastructure needs, and sustainability were already being considered. Industry volatility, seismicity, and regulatory challenges were major factors continuously during this evolution. Today, many of the initial challenges have been resolved but new challenges persist. Regional water management variations and challenges are apparent. What does the future hold for water in the US onshore unconventional plays? Water Management 10 Years Ago Water management for the US onshore unconventionals has come a long way in 10 years. In the 2011–2012 timeframe, it was still not clear which shale plays would be most viable. Some plays like the Barnett and Haynesville have come, gone, and come back again. In the Permian 10 years ago, operators were asking where they would get the water to complete thousands of wells. Produced water reuse was mostly being evaluated in pilot tests by producers such as Apache, Devon, and Pioneer, but was not considered viable due to the high cost of treatment and transportation by truck. Much of Texas and the West was experiencing a significant drought that also raised concerns about water sourcing for hydraulic fracturing. Despite these challenges, sustainability was considered a factor in these new development areas, but usually was not sufficient to override cost differences. Ten years ago, it was apparent that each basin had unique water management considerations. Some basins such as the Bakken and Marcellus had significant surface water sources available, whereas Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico were regularly quite dry. Most areas had good formations available for disposal, with Pennsylvania and West Virginia being the exceptions. A third area of difference was how much produced water flowed from the new wells. The wells in the Permian stood out as having the highest water/oil ratio seen in US onshore production. All of these differences impacted how each region was best able to manage its water challenges. In 2012, the water management strategy to build out water pipeline networks to move large volumes of water was not yet seriously considered by most operators. Earthquakes were not a significant factor in any of the US basins. However, some of the water management issues were changing. For example, the historically independent nature of producing companies began to change as water challenges became viewed as shared problems. Regional water groups were established as companies began to share ideas pertaining to water management. The Energy Water Initiative (EWI) was formed as a group of oil and gas companies trying to improve water practices. Their 2015 report on water management case studies broke new ground for industry collaboration. The EWI report documented seven trends including the ability to use non-freshwater sources and technology innovations making produced water reuse more feasible. Water Management 5 Years Ago Jumping ahead 5 years to around 2017, several macroeconomic events impacted water management for unconventionals. Perhaps most notable was the dramatic oil price collapse in late 2014 from roughly $100 to about $50/bbl. The increase in US onshore oil and gas production impacted global oil prices. The lower commodity pricing resulted in substantial pressure on costs, including water sourcing and disposal. At the same time, producers were increasing the length of horizontal wells and the volume of water required to complete the well.

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Xu, Yejun, Wancheng Zhang et Huimin Wang. « A conflict-eliminating approach for emergency group decision of unconventional incidents ». Knowledge-Based Systems 83 (juillet 2015) : 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.03.013.

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Huttner, Gottfried. « Unconventional multiple bonds : coordination compounds of unstable Vth main group ligands ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 58, n^o 4 (1 janvier 1986) : 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198658040585.

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Janus, Jakub. « The transmission mechanism of unconventional monetary policy ». Oeconomia Copernicana 7, n^o 1 (31 mars 2016) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2016.001.

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The implementation of unconventional (nonstandard) monetary policy instruments by the leading central banks at the wake of the financial and economic crisis was the most significant shift in the practice of central banking in the recent years. Evaluation of their effects is not feasible without a thorough recognition of the transmission mechanism of various balance-sheet policies, such as quantitative easing. The transmission channels of a standard interest-rate policy are based on a group of theories that are relatively coherent and well-documented. On the contrary, identification of similar framework for unconventional measures proved to be a complicated task. The aim of this paper is to extract and evaluate the theoretical efficiency of particular channels of unconventional monetary policy. This goal requires references to at least several, to some extent mutually exclusive, theories. It is also inevitable to draw one’s attention to the relative significance of identified channels, depending on the nature of used unconventional tools, as well as on reactions of financial institutions and other economic agents to undertaken actions. This paper discusses three broad channel of the unconventional policies transmission mechanism: the signaling channel, the liquidity channel, and the portfolio-balance channel.

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Hakemulder, Jèmeljan. « Tracing foregrounding in responses to film ». Language and Literature : International Journal of Stylistics 16, n^o 2 (mai 2007) : 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947007075980.

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Though foregrounding theory was developed to understand responses to both literature and film, empirical research concentrated exclusively on reader response, until now. The present article examines whether `literariness' in film causes the same effects as those established for literature. In two experiments participants were shown one scene from Shakespeare film adaptations, either low or high in foregrounded elements. It was expected that showing these materials twice would reveal differences in levels of foregrounding effects. It was found that seeing high-foregrounding scenes twice was more enjoyable and made spectators perceive more significant aspects than the low-foregrounding versions of the same scenes did. A third experiment examined the extent to which a foregrounding effect requires spectators' awareness of a `background'. Participants in the experimental group were shown a conventional dinner scene (background) before they saw an unconventional one. The control group saw the same unconventional scene but first a (conventional) shootout scene. Results showed that the unconventional scene was considered more interesting and drew participants' attention more in the experimental group than in the control group. Also, the first group concentrated more on form aspects of the scene than the control group. These results present strong evidence that deviation leaves clear traces of foregrounding effects in spectators' responses.

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Fu, Yu-dong, Baochang Wang, Yue Teng, Xiao-shuo Zhu, Xiao-xue Feng, Mu-fu Yan, Pavel Korzhavyi et Weiwei Sun. « The role of group III, IV elements in Nb4AC3MAX phases (A = Al, Si, Ga, Ge) and the unusual anisotropic behavior of the electronic and optical properties ». Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, n^o 23 (2017) : 15471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01375b.

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Xie, Kefan, Jia Liu, Gang Chen, Pan Wang et Sohail S. Chaudhry. « Group decision-making in an unconventional emergency situation using agile Delphi approach ». Information Technology and Management 13, n^o 4 (4 mai 2012) : 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10799-012-0122-0.

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Herrer, I. Lucia, Ali K. Ismael, David C. Milán, Andrea Vezzoli, Santiago Martín, Alejandro González-Orive, Iain Grace et al. « Unconventional Single-Molecule Conductance Behavior for a New Heterocyclic Anchoring Group : Pyrazolyl ». Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9, n^o 18 (30 août 2018) : 5364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02051.

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Johnson, R. L., Jr, C. W. Hopkins et M. D. Zuber. « TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS RESOURCES IN AUSTRALIA ». APPEA Journal 40, n^o 1 (2000) : 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99026.

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Unconventional gas resources, defined as low- permeability sandstone, coal seam and naturally- fractured shale gas reservoirs, represent a huge potential resource for future natural gas supply in Australia and around the world. Because low individual well-production rates are often the norm, unconventional reservoir development may involve the drilling of hundreds of wells to make the economics attractive. Thus, careful planning, sound development strategies and cost control are critical for project success.Virtually all unconventional gas resources must be stimulated to be economic; stimulation costs are often the most significant amount of the total well expenditure. Thus, a cost-effective method for reservoir characterisation and fracture treatment optimisation is required. Because of marginal economics, techniques used to analyse the process and results are often oversimplified; this can lead to confusing or inadequate descriptions of the complex behavior of a hydraulically-fractured, low- permeability reservoir and in some cases bad development decisions. Detailed data collection programs and fracture treatment optimisation strategies are essential to adequately address the technical issues involved in unconventional reservoir development.Besides the technical challenges associated with unconventional gas development, good forethought is necessary as to the planning and execution of the overall project. The development scenarios for coal seam and low-permeability sandstone gas resources are highly statistical and succeed or fail based on the average performance of the group of wells within the project. Following proven guidelines and methods during development while integrating key technologies into the planning and optimisation process are essential for success in unconventional reservoir development.

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Karl, Katherine, Joy Van Eck Peluchette et Leda McIntyre Hall. « Employee beliefs regarding the impact of unconventional appearance on customers in Mexico and Turkey ». Employee Relations 38, n^o 2 (8 février 2016) : 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-05-2015-0083.

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Purpose – The increasing prevalence of unconventional appearance attributes (e.g. tattoos, piercings, unnatural hair color, alternative clothing) is a concern among employers as these appearance attributes are often viewed negatively. Because much of the existing employee appearance research has been conducted in the USA, the purpose of this paper is to examine employee beliefs regarding the impact of unconventional employee appearance on customer perceptions of service quality in Mexico and Turkey. The authors also examine the impact of gender, age, and position level. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 295 white collar employees in various service industries in Turkey and Mexico. Respondents reported how they thought eight employee appearance factors (tattoos, facial piercings, unconventional hair color, unconventional hair styles, sweat pants, clothing with rips or tears, clothing that bears midriffs, belly-buttons, or cleavage, and uniforms) would affect customer perceptions of service quality. Findings – Employees in both Mexico and Turkey indicated that uniforms would have a positive impact on customer perceptions of service quality and all seven unconventional employee appearance attributes would have a negative impact. Significant differences for country, gender, age, and position level were also found. Research limitations/implications – Future research including a more diverse group of countries and cultures is needed. Future research should also attempt to control for differences in type of organization, organizational culture, and job type. Practical implications – Alternative fashion and appearance styles may be trendy but there are risks in how these might be perceived by customers and by colleagues at work. Originality/value – This study examines employee beliefs regarding the impact of a variety of unconventional employee appearance attributes on customers’ perceptions of service quality in Mexico and Turkey.

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Liu, Haidong, Lifang Tian, Hui Wang, Zhi-Qiang Li, Chi Zhang, Fei Xue et Chao Feng. « A novel type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane with fluorine as the donor : (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with carbonyls ». Chemical Science 13, n^o 9 (2022) : 2686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sc00302c.

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A new type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane with gem-difluorine as an unconventional donor group undergoes (3 + 2)-cycloadditions with various aldehydes/ketones, affording densely functionalized gem-difluorotetrahydrofurans.

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Ding, Xue-Feng, Li-Xia Zhu, Mei-Shun Lu, Qi Wang et Yi-Qi Feng. « A Novel Linguistic Z-Number QUALIFLEX Method and Its Application to Large Group Emergency Decision Making ». Scientific Programming 2020 (26 juin 2020) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1631869.

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After an unconventional emergency event occurs, a reasonable and effective emergency decision should be made within a short time period. In the emergency decision making process, decision makers’ opinions are often uncertain and imprecise, and determining the optimal solution to respond to an emergency event is a complex group decision making problem. In this study, a novel large group emergency decision making method, called the linguistic Z-QUALIFLEX method, is developed by extending the QUALIFLEX method using linguistic Z-numbers. The evaluations of decision makers on the alternative solutions are first expressed as linguistic Z-numbers, and the group decision matrix is then constructed by aggregating the evaluations of all subgroups. The QUALIFLEX method is used to rank the alternative solutions for the unconventional emergency event. Besides, a real-life example of emergency decision making is presented, and a comparison with existing methods is performed to validate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed linguistic Z-QUALIFLEX can accurately express the evaluations of the decision makers and obtain a more reasonable ranking result of solutions for emergency decision making.

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Liu, Yang. « Remote Sensing of Forest Structural Changes Due to the Recent Boom of Unconventional Shale Gas Extraction Activities in Appalachian Ohio ». Remote Sensing 13, n^o 8 (9 avril 2021) : 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081453.

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Dense unconventional shale gas extraction activities have occurred in Appalachian Ohio since 2010 and they have caused various landcover changes and forest fragmentation issues. This research investigated the most recent boom of unconventional shale gas extraction activities and their impacts on the landcover changes and forest structural changes in the Muskingum River Watershed in Appalachian Ohio. Triple-temporal high-resolution natural-color aerial images from 2006 to 2017 and a group of ancillary geographic information system (GIS) data were first used to digitize the landcover changes due to the recent boom of these unconventional shale gas extraction activities. Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) was then employed to form forest patches as image objects and to accurately quantify the forest connectivity. Lastly, the initial and updated forest image objects were used to quantify the loss of core forest as the two-dimensional (2D) forest structural changes, and initial and updated canopy height models (CHMs) derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds were used to quantify the loss of forest volume as three-dimensional (3D) forest structural changes. The results indicate a consistent format but uneven spatiotemporal development of these unconventional shale gas extraction activities. Dense unconventional shale gas extraction activities formed two apparent hotspots. Two-thirds of the well pad facilities and half of the pipeline right-of-way (ROW) corridors were constructed during the raising phase of the boom. At the end of the boom, significant forest fragmentation already occurred in both hotspots of these active unconventional shale gas extraction activities, and the areal loss of core forest reached up to 14.60% in the densest concentrated regions of these activities. These results call for attention to the ecological studies targeted on the forest fragmentation in the Muskingum River Watershed and the broader Appalachian Ohio regions.

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de Lucía Finkel, Pablo, Wenjing Xia et Wilfred A. Jefferies. « Beyond Unconventional : What Do We Really Know about Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells ? » Journal of Immunology 206, n^o 7 (22 mars 2021) : 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000812.

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Rupasov, Valery I. « Exactly solvable models of unconventional magnetic alloys : Bethe ansatz versus renormalization-group method ». Physical Review B 58, n^o 18 (1 novembre 1998) : R11845—R11848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.r11845.

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Ganesh, Munuswamy Ramanujam, Jothi Arunachalam, Anand Krithika et Sundarajan Sundar Rajan. « Selective Deacetylation of Zaluzanin D Using Transformed Escherichia coli Cultures ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, n^o 7-8 (1 août 2005) : 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-7-813.

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The use of conventional and unconventional reaction methodology for the hydrolysis of the acetate group in zaluzanin D (1) resulted in hydration of the 11,13 exocyclic bond along with deacetylation. But the microorganism E. coli selectively cleaved the acetate group to yield zaluzanin C (4).

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Lo Presti, Elena, Andrea De Gaetano, Giovanni Pioggia et Sebastiano Gangemi. « Comprehensive Analysis of the ILCs and Unconventional T Cells in Virus Infection : Profiling and Dynamics Associated with COVID-19 Disease for a Future Monitoring System and Therapeutic Opportunities ». Cells 11, n^o 3 (4 février 2022) : 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030542.

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This review is a comprehensive analysis of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). COVID-19 affected patients show dysregulation of their adaptive immune systems, but many questions remain unsolved on the behavior of Unconventional cells and ILCs during infection, considering their role in maintaining homeostasis in tissue. Therefore, we highlight the differences that exist among the studies in cohorts of patients who in general were categorized considering symptoms and hospitalization. Moreover, we make a critical analysis of the presence of particular clusters of cells that express activation and exhausted markers for each group in order to bring out potential diagnostic factors unconsidered before now. We also focus our attention on studies that take into consideration recovered patients. Indeed, it could be useful to determine Unconventional T cells’ and ILCs’ frequencies and functions in longitudinal studies because it could represent a way to monitor the immune status of SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Possible changes in cell frequencies or activation profiles could be potentially useful as prognostic biomarkers and for future therapy. Currently, there are no efficacious therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but deep studies on involvement of Unconventional T cells and ILCs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 could be promising for targeted therapies.

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Hall, Lisa, Tony Hill, Liuqi Wang, Dianne Edwards, Tehani Kuske, Alison Troup et Chris Boreham. « Unconventional gas prospectivity of the Cooper Basin ». APPEA Journal 55, n^o 2 (2015) : 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14063.

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The Cooper Basin is an Upper Carboniferous–Middle Triassic intracratonic basin in northeast SA and southwest Queensland. The basin is Australia's premier onshore hydrocarbon-producing province and is nationally significant due to its provision of domestic gas for the east coast gas market. Exploration activity in the region has recently expanded with numerous explorers pursuing newly identified unconventional hydrocarbon plays. While conventional gas and oil prospects can usually be identified by 3D seismic, the definition and extent of the undiscovered unconventional gas resources in the basin remain poorly understood. This extended abstract reviews the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Cooper Basin with a focus on unconventional gas resources. Regional basin architecture, characterised through source rock distribution and quality, demonstrates the abundance of viable source rocks across the basin. Petroleum system modelling, incorporating new compositional kinetics, source quality and total organic carbon (TOC) map, highlight the variability in burial, thermal and hydrocarbon generation histories between depocentres. The study documents the extent of a number of unconventional gas play types, including the extensive basin-centred and tight gas accumulations in the Gidgealpa Group, deep-dry coal gas associated with the Patchawarra and Toolachee formations, as well as the less extensive shale gas plays in the Murteree and Roseneath shales.

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Gogolin, D. V., I. A. Gulidov, K. E. Medvedeva, Y. A. Ragulin, Y. S. Mardinsky, I. N. Ivanova, L. V. Kursova, I. I. Kotuhov et A. Y. Buksha. « UNCONVENTIONAL FRACTIONATION RADIOTHERAPY REGIMENS IN TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE LUNG CANCER ». Siberian journal of oncology 18, n^o 4 (1 septembre 2019) : 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2019-18-4-21-26.

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The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated versus hyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with inoperable lung cancer.Material and Methods. Patients with inoperable lung cancer, who were treated between 2014 and 2017, were assigned to undergo radiotherapy in two arms: accelerated hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy arm with 70 patients (60 Gy in 25 fractions, with 2.4 Gy per fraction) and accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with 49 patients (60–70 Gy with 1–1.5 Gy per fraction). At the same time, platinum-based chemotherapy was applied.Results. The rates of partial response, complete response, stable disease and progressive disease were 44.3, 7.2, 38.5 and 10.0 %, respectively in patients with hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy arm. The corresponding values were 71.4, 6.1, 16.4 and 6.1 %, respectively in patients with hyperfractionated radiotherapy arm. The 2-year overall survival rate was 62.8 % for the hypofractionated group and 58.1 % for the hyperfractionated group. Esophagitis III grade was observed in 4 (5.7 %) patients of the hypofractionated group and in 3 (6.5 %) patients of the hypofractionated group. Pneumonitis III grade was reported in 2 (2.9 %) patients in the hypofractionated radiotherapy arm and in 4 (8.7 %) patients in the hyperfractionated radiotherapy arm.Conclusion. Results of the study showed that 3D-conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy resulted no in severe radiation-induced complications, and demonstrated satisfactory short-and long-term treatment outcomes.

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Gismatulina, Yulia, Anna Korchagina, Vera Budaeva et Gennady Sakovich. « Highly soluble cellulose nitrates from unconventional feedstocks ». MATEC Web of Conferences 243 (2018) : 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824300005.

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Celluloses isolated by the nitric-acid process from domestic unconventional feedstocks such as Miscanthus, oat hulls, and intermediate flax straw were used herein to produce cellulose nitrates (CNs) with a high solubility. For the synthesis of CNs, a commercial technique was employed that involves nitration of cellulose with mixed acid containing 14 wt.% water followed by high-temperature treatment of the nitration product in acidic, alkaline, and neutral environments. The obtained CNs are similar in physicochemical attributes: 12.04–12.26% mass fraction of nitrogen, 10–14 mPa·s viscosity, and 98% solubility in alcohol– ester mixture. FTIR spectra of CNs had absorption bands (2559–2557, 1646–1631, 1277–1271, 825–812, 747–744, 683–680 cm-1) typical of nitro group vibrations. 13C NMR spectra showed chemical shifts representative of 6-mononitrocellulose, 2,6-dinitrocellulose, 3,6-dinitrocellulose, and 2,3,6-trinitrocellulose. DSC revealed that the resultant CNs were highly chemically pure with an exothermic peak at 209–212°С. The CNs obtained from the said unconventional feedstocks were compared with a commercial, highviscosity, lacquer-grade Colloxylin derived from cotton cellulose, as well as with other commercial Colloxylins, to show that the experimental CNs meet the requirements for comercial grades. Thus, the CNs obtained from the unconventional feedstocks are promising candidates as the component of composite explosives.

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Chernogradskaya, N. M., R. L. Sharvadze, M. F. Grigorev et A. I. Grigoreva. « Growth and development, meat pig productivity at use in their diets unconventional feed additives in Yakutia ». Agrarian science, n^o 5 (17 juillet 2020) : 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-338-5-40-44.

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Relevance. The article presents data on the influence of unconventional feed additives of the Suntar zeolite on growth and development, physiological parameters, as well as meat productivity of fattening pigs in Yakutia.Methods. For the experiments, 3 groups of animals were formed with 15 animals each. The rations of the experimental animals were identical, except for additional feeding of unconventional feed additives in the experimental groups.Results. The use of Suntar zeolite in experimental groups of pigs allowed to improve the growth and development of animals by 3.02% and 6.68%, respectively. At the same time, in terms of average daily growth, the control group of pigs yielded to experimental groups of animals by 7.42% and 15.17%. During the experiments, a difference was found in the indices of the morphological composition of fattening young pigs. The control group of young animals by the number of red blood cells yielded to experimental groups of pigs by 2.00% and 4.00%. By the number of leukocytes, the control group of the group lost 1.02% and 1.16% to the experimental groups of animals. At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of animals was carried out. Qualitative differences were established between the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group in terms of carcass weight by 5.25% and 1.98%, by internal fat yield by 0.71% and 0.64%, slaughter yield by 0.71% and 0.64 %, according to the meat content by 0.9% and 2.97%, as well as the share of fat 0.54% and 0.74%. Thus, the use of unconventional feed additives of the Suntar zeolite in the fattening of young pigs has shown effectiveness.

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Kameda-Smith, MM, H. Zhu, E. Luo, C. Venugopal, K. Brown, BA Yee, S. Xing et al. « C.5 Musashi-1 is a master regulator of aberrant translation in MYC-amplified Group 3 medulloblastoma ». Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 48, s3 (novembre 2021) : S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.281.

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Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid malignant pediatric brain neoplasm. Group 3 (G3) MB, particularly MYC amplified G3 MB, is the most aggressive subgroup with the highest frequency of children presenting with metastatic disease, and is associated with a poor prognosis. To further our understanding of the role of MSI1 in MYC amplified G3 MB, we performed an unbiased integrative analysis of eCLIP binding sites, with changes observed at the transcriptome, the translatome, and the proteome after shMSI1 inhibition. Methods: Primary human pediatric MBs, SU_MB002 and HD-MB03 were kind gifts from Dr. Yoon-Jae Cho (Harvard, MS) and Dr. Till Milde (Heidelberg) and cultured for in vitro and in vivo experiments. eCLIP, RNA-seq, Polysome-seq, and TMT-MS were completed as previously described. Results:MSI1 is overexpressed in G3 MB. shRNA Msi1 interference resulted in a reduction in tumour burden conferring a survival advantage to mice injected with shMSI1 G3MB cells. Robust ranked multiomic analysis (RRA) identified an unconventional gene set directly perturbed by MSI1 in G3 MB. Conclusions: Our robust unbiased integrative analysis revealed a distinct role for MSI1 in the maintenance of the stem cell state in G3 MB through post-transcriptional modification of multiple pathways including identification of unconventional targets such as HIPK1.

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Li, Wen-Hong, Yu-Min Yin, Hao Chen, Zhang-Ru Rui, Yang Yuan, He Yun et Jin-Wen Wang. « Clinical research on individualized hemodialysis preventing unconventional hypotension in diabetic nephropathy patient ». International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, n^o 4 (30 octobre 2019) : 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398819882697.

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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized hemodialysis for unconventional hypotension in diabetic nephropathy patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients were selected and randomly divided into study group and control group. The control group used the standard dialysis model, while the study group used the individualized hemodialysis scheme, in which the dialysis was performed using an individualized dialysis machine temperature control, pattern of natrium, and pattern of step ultrafiltration in combination with dialysate-containing glucose. Results: The total occurrence rate of hypotension, dry weight standard-reaching rate, and blood quality during and after dialysis in the study group were superior to those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, the symptom scores in the study group (dizziness score, chest distress score, sweating score, muscle spasm score, gastrointestinal symptom score, and temporary mind change score) were lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). The serum sodium, potassium, and chloride concentration in these two groups after dialysis was not statistically different ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combined application of low temperature, pattern of natrium, pattern of step ultrafiltration, and dialysate-containing glucose individualization is safe and effective for preventing and controlling the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH), improve symptoms, and improve the dry weight standard-reaching rate.

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Łużny, Mateusz, Dagmara Kaczanowska, Barbara Gawdzik, Alicja Wzorek, Aleksandra Pawlak, Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz, Monika Dymarska, Ewa Kozłowska, Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow et Tomasz Janeczko. « Regiospecific Hydrogenation of Bromochalcone by Unconventional Yeast Strains ». Molecules 27, n^o 12 (8 juin 2022) : 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123681.

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This research aimed to select yeast strains capable of the biotransformation of selected 2′-hydroxybromochalcones. Small-scale biotransformations were carried out using four substrates obtained by chemical synthesis (2′-hydroxy-2″-bromochalcone, 2′-hydroxy-3″-bromochalcone, 2′-hydroxy-4″-bromochalcone and 2′-hydroxy-5′-bromochalcone) and eight strains of non-conventional yeasts. Screening allowed for the determination of the substrate specificity of selected microorganisms and the selection of biocatalysts that carried out the hydrogenation of tested compounds in the most effective way. It was found that the position of the bromine atom has a crucial influence on the degree of substrate conversion by the tested yeast strains. As a result of the biotransformation of the 2′-hydroxybromochalcones, the corresponding 2′-hydroxybromodihydrochalcones were obtained. The products obtained belong to the group of compounds with high potential as precursors of sweet substances.

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Skoczypiec, Sebastian, Marcin Grabowski et Adam Ruszaj. « Research on Unconventional Methods of Cylindrical Micro-Parts Shaping ». Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (février 2012) : 1225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1225.

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One can state that special place in group of micromanufacturing methods are connected with application of unconventional methods, such as electrochemical (EC) and electrodischarge (ED) micromilling, because of their high efficiency in shaping 3D structures. In the paper result of cylindrical tools manufacturing for EC and ED-micro milling process will be discussed. The special attention will be paid for electrochemical etching, electrodischarge turning and some hybrid methods application for micro-tools manufacturing

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Di Castro, C., R. Raimondi et S. Caprara. « Renormalization Group and Ward Identities in Quantum Liquid Phases and in Unconventional Critical Phenomena ». Journal of Statistical Physics 115, n^o 1/2 (avril 2004) : 91–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joss.0000019832.91097.0b.

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Mosharaf-Dehkordi, Mehdi, et Hamid Reza Ghafouri. « A numerical algorithm for group control of conventional/unconventional production wells in hydrocarbon reservoirs ». International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & ; Fluid Flow 28, n^o 11 (5 novembre 2018) : 2506–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-07-2017-0281.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present detailed algorithms for simulation of individual and group control of production wells in hydrocarbon reservoirs which are implemented in a finite volume-based reservoir simulator. Design/methodology/approach The algorithm for individual control is described for the multi-lateral multi-connection ones based on the multi-segment model considering cross-flow. Moreover, a general group control algorithm is proposed which can be coupled with any well model that can handle a constraint and returns the flow rates. The performance of oil production process based on the group control criteria is investigated and compared for various cases. Findings The proposed algorithm for group control of production wells is a non-optimization iterative scheme converging within a few number of iterations. The numerical results of many computer runs indicate that the nominal power of the production wells, in general, is the best group control criterion for the proposed algorithm. The production well group control with a proper criterion can generally improve the oil recovery process at negligible computational costs when compared with individual control of production wells. Research/limitations/implications Although the group control algorithm is implemented for both production and injection wells in the developed simulator, the numerical algorithm is here described only for production wells to provide more details. Practical/implications The proposed algorithm can be coupled with any well model providing the fluid flow rates and can be efficiently used for group control of production wells. In addition, the calculated flow rates of the production wells based on the group control algorithm can be used as candidate solutions for the optimizer in the simulation-optimization models. It may reduce the total number of iterations and consequently the computational cost of the simulation-optimization models for the well control problem. Originality/value A complete and detailed description of ingredients of an efficient well group control algorithm for the hydrocarbon reservoir is presented. Five group control criteria are extracted from the physical, geometrical and operating conditions of the wells/reservoir. These are the target rate, weighted potential, ultimate rate and introduced nominal power of the production wells. The performance of the group control of production wells with different group control criteria is compared in three different oil production scenarios from a black-oil and highly heterogeneous reservoir.

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Ibrahim, Mahmoud A. A., et Ebtisam M. Z. Telb. « A Computational Investigation of Unconventional Lone‐Pair Hole Interactions of Group V–VIII Elements ». ChemistrySelect 4, n^o 19 (17 mai 2019) : 5489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201900603.

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Smutný, Jaroslav, Dušan Janoštík et Viktor Nohál. « APPLICATION OF UNCONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR FREQUENCY ANALYSIS IN ACOUSTICS ». Akustika 36, n^o 36 (2020) : 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20203625.

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The goal of this study is to familiarize a wider professional public with not fully known procedures suitable for processing measured data in the frequency area. Described is the use of the so-called Multi-taper method to analyze the acoustic response. This transformation belongs to a group of nonparametric methods outgoing from discrete Fourier transform, and this study includes its mathematical analysis and description. In addition, the use of respective method in a specific application area and recommendations for practice are described.

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Jaskiernia, Klaudia. « Metody nauczania języka angielskiego ». Pedagogika Przedszkolna i Wczesnoszkolna, n^o 2 (18) (2021) : 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23537159ppw.21.015.15175.

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Methods of teaching English in early childhood education The aim of this work is to present and discuss the methods used in teaching English in 1–3 grades in primary school and the frequency of their use by teachers during classes. We have unconventional and conventional methods. The first group of methods includes: Total Physical Response, The Silent Way, Community Language Learning, Natural Method, Sugestopedia and Communicative Language Teaching. Teachers also use the second group of methods, in which we have: direct method, grammatical-translation method, audiolingual method and cognitive method. The research was conducted using a diagnostic survey in primary schools among of English teachers in early childhood education. The research show that teachers often use these methods in 1–3 grades in primary school. Connecting unconventional and conventional methods allows teachers to diversify their activities and adapting issues to the children during the lessons.

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Nord, D., et B. M. Sjoberg. « Unconventional GIY-YIG homing endonuclease encoded in group I introns in closely related strains of the Bacillus cereus group ». Nucleic Acids Research 36, n^o 1 (13 novembre 2007) : 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm1016.

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Wee, Kenneth. « Encouraging traditional owner participation in onshore unconventional projects ». APPEA Journal 55, n^o 2 (2015) : 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14073.

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Australia has significant unconventional energy resources that can be tapped to bolster energy security needs and increase contributions to the global energy supply mix—fuelling both domestic and international economic growth. A key factor underpinning the success of developing onshore unconventional resources is the security of land and tenure access, which allows project proponents to sustainably engage in the exploration, appraisal and development of unconventional gas deposits spread across extensive geographical areas. These activities occur in areas that are vested in traditional landowners and indigenous native title holders, and have the potential to significantly impact their cultural heritage and their quality and way of life. It is, therefore, critical, on a number of levels, for project proponents to have the support of this key stakeholder group in ensuring the long-term viability of developing onshore gas resources. Alignment between the project’s proponents and the diverse range of traditional/indigenous landowners who influence—and are influenced by—their operations, however, is not easy to achieve due to competing interests and motivations. This extended abstract explores: alternative participation models for traditional land owners in onshore unconventional gas projects, including production payment and equity-based ownership models; examples of co-existence arrangements between project proponents and traditional owners; the impact of fiscal policy on the economic viability of alternative traditional owner participation and co-existence models; and, the role of state and federal governments in giving incentives to and fostering greater collaboration between project proponents and traditional owner groups.

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María Gómez-Jiménez, Eva. « ‘oride lesgo eckshun’ : Spelling foregrounding in the experimental poetry of E. E. Cummings ». Language and Literature : International Journal of Stylistics 24, n^o 4 (novembre 2015) : 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015586117.

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Unconventional linguistic features in E. E. Cummings’ poetic style have long been a focus of study. Linguists have researched this aspect of this poet’s technique mainly in connection to grammar, lexis and morphology; however, few approaches have looked at graphology in depth and even fewer at spelling. The present paper addresses this by analysing the use of lettering in E. E. Cummings’ experimental poetry. More concretely, two research questions are posed here: Which foregrounding devices are involved in E. E. Cummings’ unconventional use of spelling? And also, which effects are achieved by means of this particular use of lettering? To answer these questions, I first selected a group of 66 experimental poems displaying features of misspelling. After identifying and classifying the devices employed by Cummings for spelling foregrounding, I determined the meaning implications and functions produced through those misspellings. The research on these poems reveals that substitution, transposition, insertion and omission are the four basic patterns that permit such an unconventional use, and that this practice allows Cummings to reproduce linguistic varieties, create plays on words, control the reading process, indicate interruptions and create iconic effects.

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Lago, Oliva, Purificación Rodríguez, Ana Escudero, Cristina Dopico et Ileana Enesco. « Children’s learning from others : Conformity to unconventional counting ». International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, n^o 2 (9 janvier 2019) : 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418820639.

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The current study investigated whether children’s conformity to a majority testimony influenced their willingness to revise their own erroneous counting knowledge. The content of the testimonies focused on conventional rules of counting, by means of pseudoerrors (i.e., unconventional counts) occurring during a detection task. In this work measurements were taken at two different time points. At time 1 children aged 5 to 7 years ( N = 88) first made independent judgments on the correctness of unconventional counting procedures presented by means of a computerized detection task. Subsequently, they watched a video in which four teachers (unanimous majority) or three (non-unanimous majority) made correct claims about the counts and children had to decide whether the informants were right or not, and justify their answers. Our participants conformed significantly more when the correct testimony was provided by a unanimous majority than by a non-unanimous majority. In addition, in two of the three pseudoerrors presented, there was no difference in the children’s tendency to conform to unconventional counts as age increased. At time 2, which was taken to test whether the effect of the testimony was maintained over time, the responses of the 32 children (16 from each age group) who had endorsed the claims of the unanimous majority at time 1 revealed that teachers’ testimonies only had a lasting influence on elementary school children’s understanding of conventional counting rules.

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