Bibliographies thématiques / UN Office on Drugs and Crime

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « UN Office on Drugs and Crime »

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Publié le 26 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "UN Office on Drugs and Crime"

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Blaustein, Jarrett, Tom Chodor et Nathan W. Pino. « Making Crime a Sustainable Development Issue : From ‘Drugs and Thugs’ to ‘Peaceful and Inclusive Societies’ ». British Journal of Criminology 60, no 1 (26 septembre 2019) : 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz050.

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Abstract Development has long featured on the United Nations (UN) crime policy agenda; however, crime was only officially recognized by the international community as a global development priority following the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Adopting a sociological institutionalist perspective, this article sets out to account for how this recognition was achieved. We draw on interviews with senior UN crime policy insiders and documentary sources to analyse the efforts of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to amplify awareness of the crime-development link following the omission of this issue from the Millenium Development Goals and amidst significant institutional and material pressures to strengthen its ties to the wider UN system. The article accounts for the political construction of the crime-development nexus and the important role that UNODC has historically played in facilitating global governance in this emergent and increasingly expansive sphere of policy and practice.
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Varela Rodríguez, Adrián. « TIPOLOGÍA DELICUENCIAL INTERNACIONAL Y ANÁLISIS DE LOS PROTOCOLOS DE SEGURIDAD DE LA ONU / INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TYPE AND ANALYSIS PROTOCOLS UN SECURITY ». REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 3, no 4 (31 mai 2016) : 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.3.n.4.2016.18381.

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En este trabajo se aborda desde un punto de vista descriptivo los distintos tipos de formas delictivas que se agrupan en un contexto internacional y globalizado. Después de abordar la problemática de la delincuencia transnacional desde cada una de las principales figuras delictivas, se desarrolla de manera específica y analítica los diferentes protocolos y políticas de seguridad que establece una organización internacional como la ONU ante estas amenazas. Para cada figura delictiva se establecen diferentes tipos de estrategias de seguridad. A modo de conclusión, se estudiarán políticas de seguridad que complementen a las existentes para combatir figuras delictivas como el terrorismo y el crimen organizado. The aim of this work through its various sections is to explore and study the concept of security from a multidisciplinary way and explain in detail the several strategies and security protocols that the UN takes in all kinds of fields. This Project develops two main sections such as organized crime and terrorism. It described several institutions of the UN, dedicated to reducing international crime such as the Office of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime "UNODC" as well as the different types Convention and methods used for its eradication. It is necessary to implement new strategies to fight this threat.
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Borgstede, Greg. « Cultural Property, the Palermo Convention, and Transnational Organized Crime ». International Journal of Cultural Property 21, no 3 (août 2014) : 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739114000125.

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Abstract:The international community is concerned about criminal activity involving cultural property and is promoting the use of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to combat looting and trafficking of cultural property. This article discusses how the Convention may be applied, outlines some of the intentions of UN member states with regard to cultural property crime, and the role of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. It is suggested that cultural property stakeholders should scrutinize this developing effort, particularly in the areas of UNTOC application to specific cultural property cases and the collection and analysis of data specifically to address the connections between cultural property and transnational organized crime.
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Huh, Koungmi. « Crime Prevention Strategies in Rural Areas of an Aging Society ». Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no 5 (31 mai 2022) : 651–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.5.44.5.651.

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Huh Koungmi(Keimyung University) The purpose of this study was to examine the crime prevention strategies developed and implemented by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the United States in line with the aging and depopulation of rural areas, and to find ways to supplement and apply them to rural areas in Korea. As a crime prevention strategy in rural areas, the UN Secretariat for Drug Crimes presented local-based crime prevention strategies, life development crime prevention strategies, situational crime prevention strategies, and reintegration strategies as action strategies. In the case of the United States, the federal government, each state government, criminal justice agencies, including local police departments, and regional researchers developed various rural crime prevention strategies together, complementing each other and disseminating it. Representative rural crime prevention strategies include hotspot policing strategy, problemoriented policing, ACTION, Police-Mental Health Provider Co-Responder Model, outreach using social media, and support for criminal recovery through Offender Review Board. This study can be used as a security policy to promote the safety of rural residents, and is expected to trigger follow-up research in related fields.
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Matskevich, Igor M. « The Experience of the International Cooperation in Organized Crime Combating ». Legal education and science 11 (19 novembre 2020) : 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1190-2020-11-4-8.

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Purpose. Explore the experience of international cooperation against organized crime and identify key positions for improving Russia’s interaction with other countries in this area. Methodology: the basic method of the presented scientific research was the comparative legal method, within the framework of which a diachronic and synchronous, normative and functional comparison of the experience of cooperation in the fight against organized crime was carried out. Conclusions. 1. Without international cooperation, success in the fight against organized crime is impossible. 2. The legal basis for international cooperation in the fight against organized crime is the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of November 15, 2000. 3. An important component of international cooperation in this area is the relevant international organizations: a) UN Office on Drugs and Crime; b) Interpol; c) Europol. 4. Proposals for international cooperation in combating organized crime, which are enshrined in the corresponding US Strategy, are of interest. 5. For Russian law enforcement agencies, the overall coordination of their efforts in international cooperation is of great importance. Scientific and practical significance. The conclusions contained in the article are of practical importance for analyzing the effectiveness of international cooperation in the fight against organized crime.
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Aliyeva, Zamina. « Innovation in healthcare management : drug decriminalization for reducing the health damage from crime ». Marketing and Management of Innovations 1, no 1 (2022) : 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.1-03.

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The article focuses on the positive impact of drug legalization on reducing crime and violence's impact on health. The authors considered the potential of an innovative approach to crime prevention and health care improvement. Criminalization may reduce drug harm, but the current criminal-justice approach to drugs is not working enough. Drug use is still widespread, public. The personal harms are significantly large. There are a lot of short- and long-term health effects from crime and violence. The World Health Organization affirms that rates of drug use are unrelated to how effectively drug laws are enforced. Thus, it is actually to find new possibilities and develop new methods to reduce crime level and its negative influence. Drug decriminalization is one of such important issues. This article aims to investigate drug decriminalization for reducing the health damage from crime in the context of innovation in healthcare management. There is a comparative analysis of some drug legalization policies: decriminalization of the use and possession of all illicit drugs (with the control of their legal supply) or legalization of the use and supply of cannabis etc. The dynamic analysis of data for different types of crime, such as unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors, intentional homicide, assault, kidnapping, sexual assault, and other violent crime both in two groups of countries – with criminal-justice and innovation health care (including drug decriminalization) approaches were taken. Portugal, Switzerland, Netherlands, Czechia are among the countries of the second group, which have decriminalized drug use and possession for personal use and have invested in harm reduction programs. The research consists of data for 25 European countries for 2008-2018 (the time limit of 2018 is determined by available statistics of the statistical service of the European Union, World Health Organization, UN Office on Drugs & Crime Databases, etc.). Based on the correlation and regression analysis, it is substantiated that drug decriminalization is an important factor in reducing the health damage from crime.
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Pozdniakova, M. E., et V. V. Bryuno. « Drug trafficking in Russia and in the world during the pandemic COVID-19 ». Sociology and Law 14, no 2 (28 juin 2022) : 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2022-2-140-154.

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The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of the main changes in the global and domestic drug business during the spread of coronavirus infection. A review of data from the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, documents of the state anti-drug committee of the Russian Federation, statistical materials of law enforcement agencies and the main department for combating smuggling of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation is presented. It is considered how the pandemic and the temporary closure of borders have affected the main drug markets, the usual routes for the delivery of drugs from country to country and the structure of drugs, and the international import of drugs into Russia. It is shown that criminal drug groups have proved to be quite resistant to the changes associated with COVID-19, and quickly formed new strategies for the sale of drugs aimed at overcoming the obstacles that have arisen. A comparison is made of the involvement of some countries in the international drug trade. An analysis of the dynamics of drug crime in Russia showed that against the backdrop of a general decrease in drug trafficking crimes over the past few years, there are a number of negative trends that have worsened with the onset of the spread of coronavirus infection in Russia. A significant increase in the role of the Internet and social networks in drug trafficking during the pandemic has been revealed. It is shown that, despite the positive trend of recent years to reduce various indicators of drug addiction, the pandemic has created new conditions for a possible explosive growth of drug problems in the near future.
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Хабриева, Талия, et Taliya Khabriyeva. « THE UN ANTI-CORRUPTION CONFERENCE IN 2015 IN RUSSIA : NEW APPROACHES AND IDEAS ». Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no 6 (7 février 2016) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17172.

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The present article is devoted to the analysis of the main approaches and ideas in the field of partnership between the state and business in countering corruption pronounced at the side-event of VI session of the United Nations Anti-Corruption Conference which took place on November 2—6, 2015 in St. Petersburg. The side-event was co-organized by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation which performs functions of coordinating scientific and methodological support in fighting corruption. Participants of the side-event elaborated decisions which determine the trajectory of international and national efforts in the sphere of corruption and criminalization of corruption offenses’ prevention, recovery of stolen assets and rendering anti-corruption technical assistance.
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Martiukhina, N. O. « Activities of the United Nations in combating gender-based crimes ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 2, no 80 (20 janvier 2024) : 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.55.

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The article is dedicated to the issue of the United Nations activities in preventing and eradicating gender-based crimes. It is indicated that gender-based violence and gender-motivated killings can be classified as hate crimes motivated by intolerance towards certain groups of the population. It is noted that an important contribution to combating gender-based crimes was made by the General Assembly, the Secretary-General, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences, and other bodies, institutions and structures of the Organization. In particular, the UN General Assembly has adopted a number of resolutions in this area, including Resolution 68/191, which set out recommendations to Member States and UN bodies, agencies and institutions on measures against gender-related killing of women and girls. In pursuance of this recommendation, an open-ended intergovernmental expert group meeting was convened to review promising practices and formulate a number of practical recommendations on ways and measures to improve the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and investigate gender-related killings. It is indicated that since 2019, UNODC has been implementing the Global Programme on Strengthening Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Responses to Violence against Women, providing specific solutions that complement existing UN joint programmes and country projects. It is noted that the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has played an important role in combating gender-based crimes. In particular, in its concluding observations on the periodic reports of States parties and in the context of relevant follow-up procedures, the Committee consistently condemns gender-based violence. In addition, the Committee provides clarification of the standards related to the elimination of such violence and the related obligations of States parties. The article also focuses on the work of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences in this area.
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Lang, Anthony F. « Constructing Universal Values ? A Practical Approach ». Ethics & ; International Affairs 34, no 3 (2020) : 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679420000453.

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AbstractThis essay explores the possibility of universal values. Universal values do not exist as Platonic ideals nor do they exist in clearly defined lists of rules or laws. Rather, universal ethical claims are constructed through the actions of individual political leaders, scholars, and activists. This essay explores how such normative constructions take place. It uses an initiative undertaken by the UN Office of Drugs and Crime to further education around corruption as an example of how such universal values come into existence. The initiative focused on developing teaching materials for higher education. The essay focuses on two particular modules, both their content and the process by which they were written.
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Thèses sur le sujet "UN Office on Drugs and Crime"

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Kopp, Bianca, Leo Antonino De et Marco Teixeira. « Translation Builds Bridges : Acknowledgement Ceremony for Centrad by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ». Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652178.

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Bianca Kopp, global coordinator of the tertiary component of the Education for Justice (E4J) initiative at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Antonino De Leo, representante de UNODC para Perú y Ecuador Marco Teixeira, jefe del Programa Global de Doha
Professors and students of the Centro de Servicios de Traducción of the UPC (Centrad) were involved in the translation of E4J university modules into Spanish. Centrad students are given recognition for their contribution to the translation of various university modules of the UNODC Education for Justice Program.
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Martin, Benoît. « La production des statistiques internationales : le cas de l'Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC) ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0030.

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Comment les organisations internationales produisent-elles leurs statistiques ? Cette thèse dévoile ces activités singulières à partir du cas de l’Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC). La démonstration suit une double approche sociologique (des relations internationales et des quantifications) en s’appuyant sur des entretiens menés au siège (à Vienne, en Autriche), la littérature méthodologique (interne et publiée) et les documents onusiens (normatifs et analytiques). Quantifier à l’échelle internationale consiste en un processus complexe organisé en étapes successives : accord d’un mandat, définition d’une méthode, collecte puis traitement et validation des données et, enfin, publication d’un rapport mondial. L’entreprise s’avère collective, impliquant le secrétariat de l’UNODC, les États-membres et des experts. En revanche, la tâche est inégalement répartie, les fonctionnaires internationaux réalisent ou coordonnent l’essentiel ; tout comme les interactions entre les acteurs sont asymétriques, l’UNODC dépend de ses États-membres à plusieurs égards et sans véritable pouvoir de les contraindre. Enjeux bureaucratiques, politiques, financiers, voire autocensure affectent alors le travail statistique routinier. De plus, les sources nationales officielles mais administratives – aux biais pourtant documentés et délicats à surmonter – restent majoritairement utilisées car légitimes. Le recours aux images satellites et aux enquêtes sur le terrain fait figure d’exception. Élaborées dans de telles conditions, les statistiques onusiennes de la drogue et du crime fournissent davantage un inventaire international consensuel que le diagnostic mondial prétendu
How do international organizations produce their statistics? This thesis unveils these singular activities from the case of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The demon-stration follows a double sociological approach (of international relations and of quantification) based on interviews conducted at headquarters (in Vienna, Austria), methodological literature (internal and published) and UN documents (normative and analytical). Quantifying internationally is a complex process organized in successive steps: agreeing a mandate, defining a method, collecting and then processing and validating the data, and finally publishing a world report. The enterprise is collective, involving the UNODC secretariat, member states and experts. However, the task is unequally distributed, the international civil servants realizes or coordinates a large part of the work; just as the interactions between actors are asymmetrical, UNODC depends on its member states in many respects and has no real power to constrain them. Bureaucratic, political, financial and even self-censorship issues affect routine statistical work. In addition, official but administrative national sources – with their documented and delicate biases to overcome – remain mostly used because of their legitimacy. The use of satellite imagery and field surveys is an exception. Developed under such conditions, UN drug and crime statistics provide a more consensual international inventory than the so-called global diagnosis
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Livres sur le sujet "UN Office on Drugs and Crime"

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime et International Centre for the Prevention of Crime (Montréal, Québec), dir. Handbook on the crime prevention guidelines : Making them work / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. New York : United Nations, 2010.

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Zhang, Yishan. Review of management and administration in the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Geneva : United Nations, 2010.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, dir. Directory : Non-governmental organizations and drug abuse prevention, treatment and rehabilitation / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna. 4e éd. New York : United Nations, 2003.

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United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute., dir. La cooperación internacional en contra de la corrupción y el delito organizado transnacional : Balance y perspectivas : conclusiones de un seminario para los paises andinos Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Peru. [Rome, Italy] : UNICRI, 2007.

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Challenges facing today's federal prosecutors : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, September 13, 2006. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs. Leading the fight : The Violence against Women Office : hearing before the Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, April 16, 2002. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Kris, Hollington, dir. Crack house : The incredible true story of the man who took on London's crack gangs and won. London : Pocket, 2009.

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South African Institute of International Affairs., dir. Africa's pablos and political entrepreneurs : War, the State and criminal networks in West and Southern Africa. Johannesburg : SAIIA, 2006.

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Consensus Meeting on Drug Treatment in the Criminal-Justice System (1998 Washington, D.C.). Conference proceedings : Breaking the cycle with science-based policy : Consensus Meeting on Drug Treatment in the Criminal-Justice System : the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), March 23-25, 1998, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D.C. 20006. Washington, D.C : Office of National Drug Control Policy, 1998.

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Board, International Narcotics Control. Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 1995. New York : UN, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "UN Office on Drugs and Crime"

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Haughton, Suzette A. « United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ». Dans The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–6. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_149-1.

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Citaristi, Ileana. « United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime—UNODC ». Dans The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, 248–52. 24e éd. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292548-54.

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Canton, Helen. « United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime—UNODC ». Dans The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021, 240–44. 23e éd. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179900-33.

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Haughton, Suzette A. « United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ». Dans The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1507–12. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74319-6_149.

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Shimazaki, Yuko. « Considering the Effectiveness and Achievement of SDGs Towards Combating Human Trafficking ». Dans Sustainable Development Goals Series, 133–45. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4859-6_9.

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AbstractHuman trafficking needs to be addressed globally. It is designated as an important part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Human trafficking can be defined as a by-product of a negative circle caused by several social and economic problems that reciprocally affect each other in a complex manner. Global systematic exploitation, widening inequality, domestic or international social problems, and human rights issues lead to it. Considering the features of human trafficking, this chapter attempts to examine methods to reduce it using SDGs. This study mainly considers SDGs 5, 8, 10, 16, and 17 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This paper also tries to discuss it considering the goals and the following perspectives to propose possible solutions to the problems: First, the actions the international society has taken to eradicate the crime. Second, further understanding human trafficking. Finally, how SDGs can be adopted in the context of current human trafficking.
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Joseph, Lelliott. « Assistance to and Protection of Victims ». Dans UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192847522.003.0026.

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This chapter examines Article 25 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). It explains how the provision addresses the offences that involve harm to persons and the obligations of States Parties to provide victims with access to compensation and restitution. Article 25 reflects several key principles of justice for victims of crime, which include the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. The chapter acknowledges that the determination and identification of a victim are not defined in UNTOC, but the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime offered recourse to its definition. It also mentions the obligation of States Parties to facilitate the views and concerns of victims to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of criminal proceedings.
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Andreas, Schloenhardt. « Establishment of Criminal Record ». Dans UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192847522.003.0023.

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This chapter discusses Article 22 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). It explains how the article aims to assist criminal justice authorities in obtaining all the necessary information to gain the full possible picture of the alleged offender and their prior offence. Moreover, the provision suggests that States Parties adopt measures allowing them to make the offender’s previous convictions in another State cognizable in proceedings relating to an offence covered by UNTOC. The chapter explains that Article 22 has similar intentions to the provisions of the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. It also considers the article’s interpretation of its obligation and elements.
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Seatzu, Francesco. « Introductory Note ». Dans The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2022, 691–96. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197752265.003.0035.

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Abstract The year 2021 was for the international administrative courts and tribunals largely characterised by the following four elements: the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT)’s delivery of the judgment in the case Banaj v. Secretary-General of the United Nations, reviewing the lawfulness of a decision of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime to temporarily reassign the applicant; the decision in the case Gharagozloo Pakkala v. Secretary-General of the United Nations, where the UNDT approached the issue concerning the revision of a decision imposing administrative sanctions on the applicant; the decision in the case Paul Ories v. Secretary-General of the United Nations, where the UNDT held that there is no UN staff rule mandating a right to reassignment on medical grounds; and the decision in the case G. (Nos. 7) and V. (No. 8) v. EPO, where the ILOAT focused on the unlawful limitations of the right to strike of IOs staff.
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Beckett, Katherine. « From Crime to Drugs-and Back Again ». Dans Making Crime Pay, 44–61. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136265.003.0004.

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Abstract The salience of the crime and drug issues declined dramatically following President Richard Nixon’s departure from office. Neither President Gerald Ford nor President Jimmy Carter mentioned crime­ related issues in their State of the Union addresses or took much legislative action on those issues. During and after the 1980 election campaign, however, the crime issue once again assumed a central place on the national political agenda. Like conservatives before him, candidate and President Ronald Reagan paid particular attention to the problem of street crime and promised to enhance the federal government’s role in combating it. Once in office, however, the institutional difficulties associated with this project led the Reagan administration to shift its attention from street crime to street drugs. Political and public concern about the drug problem increased throughout the 1980s; by August 1989 President George Bush characterized drug use as “the most pressing problem facing the nation.” Shortly thereafter, a New York Times/CBS News Poll reported that 64% of those polled-the highest percentage ever recorded-thought that drugs were the most significant problem in the United States.
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Andreas, Schloenhardt. « Depositary and Languages ». Dans UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192847522.003.0042.

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This chapter explores the correlation between depositary and languages, according to Article 41 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). The first paragraph of Article 41 assigns the Secretary-General of the United Nations as the depositary of the Convention. On the other hand, the second paragraph focuses on the six authentic languages of the Convention: Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish languages. The chapter explains how both clauses are common to most multilateral treaties. It also elaborates on the negotiating history of Article 41 which involved the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "UN Office on Drugs and Crime"

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Pinson, Lauren. Addressing the Linkages Between Illicit Arms, Organized Crime and Armed Conflict. UNIDIR, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/22/pacav/10.

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Illicit arms and ammunition link conflict to crime as well as crime to conflict. Illicit arms can both enable and fuel an armed conflict, while different conflict phases provide opportunities for the diversion of arms and a potentially lucrative income source for organized arms trafficking networks. To date, there has been limited research examining the linkages between all three of these security challenges. In response to this knowledge gap, this issue brief – produced in collaboration with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) – explores the multiple connections between illicit arms, organized crime and armed conflict in relation to (1) the source of illicit arms supply, (2) the process of illicit arms acquisition, and (3) shifts in the dynamics of armed conflict and organized crime. It also provides key considerations to help inform responses to address these interrelated challenges by integrating conventional arms control measures, conflict prevention strategies, and criminal justice responses.
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