Articles de revues : « Ukraine – Economic conditions – 1991-2007 »

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Шауренко, Анна. « ДОБРОБУТ СЕЛЯН У ПОСТРАДЯНСЬКИЙ ПЕРІОД ». Уманська старовина, n^o 8 (30 décembre 2021) : 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2519-2035.8.2021.249930.

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Ключові слова. побут, селянство, матеріальний добробут, інфраструктура, медицина, культура, освіта. Анотація У статті розглянуто особливості добробуту сільського населення у пострадянський період. Акцентується увага на забезпеченості населення необхідними для життя матеріальними благам. Насамперед, продуктами харчування, промисловими товарами, послугами та умовами, що задовольняють певну потребу людини і відповідають її інтересам. У не найкращому стані перебувала соціальна сфера, комунальне господарство і медицина. Кризові явища, якими супроводжувалися трансформаційні процеси в економіці, завдали відчутних збитків матеріальному забезпеченню селян. За результатами зібраних матеріалів доведено, що економічна криза, швидкі темпи інфляції, проблема дефіциту товарів, затримка коштів для виплати заробітної плати в 90-х рр. ХХ ст. ускладнювали матеріальне становище сільського населення України. Посилання Bakhovskyi, 2003 ‑ Bakhovskyi V. Tsiny na prodovolchi tovary i riven zhyttia naselennia [Food prices and living standards]. // Ekonomika APK. 2003. №12 S.81-87. [in Ukrainian]. Balanovska, 2000 – Balanovska T. Silskyi sektor Ukrainy na rubezhi tysiacholit [Ukraine's rural sector at the turn of the millennium]. T.1. : Potentsial silskoho sektora. Kyiv : Instytut ekonomiky NAN Ukrainy, 2000. 396 s. [in Ukrainian]. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy, 1992‑2001 ‑ Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy: statystychna informatsiia [State Statistics Service of Ukraine: statistical information]. URL: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ (data zvernennia 25.11.2021) [in Ukrainian]. Ihnatenko, 2009 ‑ Ihnatenko M. Ukrainske selianstvo: pobutova ta kulturno-osvitnia sfera (1991‑1997 rr.) [Ukrainian peasantry: household and cultural-educational sphere (1991–1997)]. // Osvita, nauka i kultura na Podilli: zb. naukovykh prats, prysviachenyi 90-richchiu Kamianetskoi doby UNR. Kamianets-Podilskyi : Opiium, 2009. T. 13. S. 386-394. [in Ukrainian]. Kasianov, 2008 ‑ Kasianov H. Ukraina 1999 – 2007: narysy novitnoi istorii [Ukraine 1999–2007: Essays on Recent History].Kyiv : Nash chas, 2008. 432 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kovpak, 2003 ‑ Kovpak L. V. Sotsialno-pobutovi umovy zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy v druhii polovyni KhKh st. (1945–2000 rr.) [Socio-living conditions of the population of Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century (1945–2000)] Kyiv : Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy, 2003. 250 s. [in Ukrainian]. Prokopa, 1996. ‑ Prokopa I. V. Sotsialna infrastruktura sela: formuvannia novoho mekhanizmu rozvytku [Social infrastructure of the village: formation of a new mechanism of development]. Kyiv : NAN Ukrainy, Instytut ekonomiky, 1996. 172 s. [in Ukrainian]. Riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy, 2006 ‑ Riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy [The standard of living of the population of Ukraine]. / za red. L. M. Cherenko. Kyiv : TOV «Vydavnytstvo «Konsultant», 2006. 428 s. [in Ukrainian]. Riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy, 2006 Derzhavnyi komitet statystyky Ukrainy: riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy [State Statistics Committee of Ukraine: living standards of the population of Ukraine]. URL: https://idss.org.ua/monografii/riven_juttya_naselennya%20krainu.pdf (data zvernennia 25.11.2021) [in Ukrainian]. Sabluk, 2002 ‑ Sabluka P. T., Orlatyi M. K. Materialnyi dobrobut silskykh zhyteliv [Material well-being of rural residents]. Kyiv : Instytut ahrarnoi ekonomiky UAAN, 2002. 369 s. [in Ukrainian]. Smolii, 2006 ‑ Smolii V. A. Istoriia ukrainskoho selianstva: narysy: v 2 t. [History of the Ukrainian peasantry: essays in 2 volumes]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 2006. T. 2. 653 s. [in Ukrainian]. Statystychnyi shchorichnyk Ukrainy, 2010 ‑ Statystychnyi shchorichnyk Ukrainy 2009 rik [Statistical Yearbook of Ukraine 2009]. / za red. O.H. Osaulenka. Kyiv : Derzhkomstat Ukrainy, 2010. 567 s. [in Ukrainian]. Statystychnyi zbirnyk, 1997 ‑ Sotsialno-ekonomichne stanovyshche silskykh naselenykh punktiv Ukrainy: statystychnyi zbirnyk [Socio-economic situation of rural settlements of Ukraine: statistical collection]. Kyiv : Derzhkomstat Ukrainy, 1997. 175 s. [in Ukrainian]. Zavalniuk, 2004 ‑ Zavalniuk O., Rybak I. Novitnia ahrarna istoriia Ukrainy [Recent agrarian history of Ukraine]. Kamianets-Podilskyi : Abetka-NOVA, 2004. 288 s. [in Ukrainian].

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Kozak, Kateryna B. « Dynamics of agro-industrial production in Ukraine : challenges of sustainable economic development ». Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, n^o 6(146) (2020) : 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-6-2.

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The article addresses the analysis of the dynamics of agro-industrial production in the context of the prospects and risks of implementing the model of sustainable economic development. The statistical research method is used as the main method. Its application allowed to conclude that there is a significant potential to overcome the negative trend of perception of Ukraine as a raw material appendage in the structure of the international labor division based on the implementation of sustainable economic development in agro-industrial production. The inhomogeneous structure of the agro-industrial complex based on the separation of export-oriented and import-dependent sectors is revealed. The first group includes the agricultural sector with a predominance of crop production, as well as the food processing industry. The markets of fertilizers and protection of plants and animals, seeding material, the market of packaging the industrial cattle-breeding enterprises in Ukraine with highly productive animals belong to the second group. The application of the method of combining historical and logical has resulted in the chronology of the food processing industry development in Ukraine. The essential characteristics of such stages as the transformational recession (1991-1998), partial stabilization (1998-2007), economic downturn (2007-2010), stable growth, the recurrence of the crisis (2014-2016), and the search for a vector of sustainable economic development (2016 - current time) are revealed. The consequences of the export orientation of agro-industrial enterprises on the market of the European Union are analyzed. The dual nature of the latter is shown. Firstly, there is a process of risk factors generation depending on the conditions of the highly competitive market of the European Union, which is dynamic and responds to not only economic but also political factors. Secondly, the pressure of the European Union is an external factor influencing the strategy of Ukrainian enterprises in the high standards of product quality and environmental friendliness, and thus the inclusion in the overall implementation of the components of sustainable economic development.

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Ivanov, Andrii. « FEATURES OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM ». Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 77, n^o 4 (2021) : 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2021-4-141-157.

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The article examines the features of the management of the tourism sector in Ukraine in the historical period from the time of its independence to the present day. Tourism as a sphere of the economic complex of Ukraine began to develop only in 1991. Until 1991, tourism was not included in either the production or non-production sphere of activity, but was defined as a type of activity that provides the consumer with intangible benefits. Since 1991, the role and place of tourism in the structure of the economic complex has changed more than once.On the basis of the generally accepted world models of tourism management and the countries most characteristic of these models, it was revealed that the most characteristic and effective model for Ukraine at the present stage is a model similar to the French, when a profile ministry is involved in state regulation, which includes a profile Agency, and management at the regional level is included in the competence of tourism departments established by local authorities and tourism departments at the OTG level.Most tourism and hospitality associations and agencies are ineffective and should be reformed to improve the effectiveness of managerial influence.In the context of the administrative-territorial reform that is taking place in Ukraine, the positive and negative components of its influence on the development of the tourism sector at the level of the united territorial communities have been identified. Most of the OTGs do not understand their role and the possibility of effectively influencing tourism management, thereby preventing the development of either individual tourist sites or the sphere in general. Recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of tourism management as a sphere of the economic complex of Ukraine, taking into account the existing administrative-territorial reform, which can radically affect the development of tourism and provoke very high risks.The ways of effective tourism management at the level of united territorial communities are proposed.A model for managing the tourism sector has been developed, which includes state bodies of direct and indirect influence, as well as non-state bodies of influence, as well as a new non-existing structural management unit, united territorial communities. The model includes state and local authorities, tourism enterprises and public organizations of all forms of ownership of direct and indirect influence, uniting all components into a single whole.Keywords: tourism, tourism management, management model, administrative-territorial reform, UTG, tourist magnet.

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Martseniuk, Ruslana. « Military Cooperation of Ukraine and the Baltic States (1991-2017) ». European Historical Studies, n^o 8 (2017) : 165–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.08.165-220.

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The article analyzes the main stages of military cooperation between Ukraine and the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) from the establishment of diplomatic relations after the collapse of the USSR and to this day. The reasons for the activation of the mentioned cooperation in the conditions of the crisis of the international security system, which is connected with Russian aggression and violation of international security agreements. Today, in order to counteract the armed aggression in the militarization of the Russian Federation, one of the most urgent areas for ensuring Ukraine’s military security is the following: effective use of bilateral and multilateral cooperation with partners and allies in the military sphere; implementation of standards and principles of NATO member states; involvement of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the international operations of NATO and the EU. So today in the conditions of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation towards Ukraine and the threat of security and tranquility in Europe, the Baltic countries provide Ukraine with military and economic assistance both within NATO and on a bilateral basis. This is the supply of ammunition that the Ukrainian Armed Forces needs in the forefront and assistance in the treatment and rehabilitation of our wounded soldiers and active assistance in providing professional advisers for military affairs and tactical medicine. The security dimension of relations between our countries is also the creation of a unique international military formation of LITPOLUKRBRIG, which practically allows us to work out our military interoperability and compatibility and is one of the largest and ambitious military cooperation projects.

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Mingazutdinova, Galyna. « Basic Directions of the Contemporary Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations (1991 – 2018) ». European Historical Studies, n^o 10 (2018) : 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2018.10.116-138.

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The year 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the Ukrainian-Bulgarian diplomatic relations’ establishment. The independent shape of bilateral relations between the two countries founded back in 1918 and fruitfully developed both under the rule of the People’s Republic of Ukraine and Pavlo Skoropadskiy’s Ukrainian State has been dramatically interrupted by the Russian Soviet takeover of Ukraine. The present article touches upon the various aspects of contemporary Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations in the following spheres: that of politics and international relations, that of economic cooperation and that of social and cultural coexistence. The article as well outlines the following newly emerged elements of cooperation between Bulgaria and Ukraine under conditions of the Russian aggression against the latter: humanitarian collaboration, social reintegration and rehabilitation of the Ukrainian military and those living in the temporarily occupied territories. The article also accentuates of the external menace to the Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations, i.e. the national minorities’ harassment and the attempts at the quote unquote “People’s Republics” formation. It is concluded that the most fruitful and comprehensive sphere of collaboration between Ukraine and Bulgaria in 1991 – 2018 has been concentrated in the domains of economy (investments, trading goods and services) and of the social and cultural life. On the other hand, it is the national and cultural identity issues of Bulgarians in Ukraine that might bring about the internal unrest in Ukraine should the Russian Federation decide to “rock the boat” and make a point of the “self-determination of Bessarabia”.

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Bukhtiarova, Alina, Arsen Hayriyan et Nataliia Vynokurova. « Level of shadow economy in Ukraine : reasons and ways to overcome ». Public and Municipal Finance 7, n^o 1 (30 mai 2018) : 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.07(1).2018.01.

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The article offers an investigation of the level of the shadow economy in Ukraine in the period 2007–2016, the structure of the shadow (“grey”) economy in the sectoral section, Ukraine’s place in world rankings in terms of economic freedom, corruption, favorable business conditions, and competitiveness. The main reasons of high level of shadow sector of the national economy are considered, and several measures regarding the reduction of the shadow economy in Ukraine and improvement of its economic situation are presented.

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Rizhniak, Renat Ya. « АНАЛІЗ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОЮ ТЕХНІКОЮ ТЕХНІЧНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ УКРАЇНИ ПРОТЯГОМ 1991–2011 РОКІВ ». Information Technologies and Learning Tools 60, n^o 4 (30 septembre 2017) : 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v60i4.1748.

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The article (that is based on the economic-statistical analysis of time series, which characterize the dynamics of the computer technology acquisition of technical higher educational institutions of Ukraine) defines the basic laws of development of computer software provision of the technical universities of Ukraine in the economic conditions that were typical for our country during 1991-2011. The conclusions are formulated: on the dynamics of average indicators of the technical equipment the of technical universities with computer technology for 100 students, on the average indicators of the variations of such availability during the specified period and the indicators of variations for the individual institutions, on the detection of the presence of correlation between time series, describing the complete set of technical universities with computer technology, on the distribution of technical universities into clusters according to the revealed trends in computer security dynamics.

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Boyko, Zoya V., Natalia A. Horozhankina, Viktor V. Hrushka, Maxim V. Korneyev et Natalia A. Nebaba. « Analysis of the market of international tourist services of Ukraine (for the period 2007-2017) ». Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, n^o 4 (22 décembre 2020) : 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112058.

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The state of development of the tourism industry in Ukraine for the period 2007- 2017 is analyzed. It is established that it does not correspond to the existing potential of tourist resources, and the economic efficiency of the tourism industry is low. One of the main reasons for this situation is the lack of theoretical understanding of the socio-economic nature of tourism as a social phenomenon and its economic significance as a profitable industry. The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy. This increases the competitiveness of countries and regions, creating new jobs and improving living standards. It is proved that self-regulation of the tourist market is a necessary condition for its functioning. The dynamics of export-import of tourist services of Ukraine is analyzed. There is a tendency to a slight increase in the cost of services in the last years of the study period. In the interaction “government regulation - market” the primary link is the market, and government regulation is a tool that provides the general conditions of its existence, equalizes the conditions of the start of its subjects and eliminates, if possible, the negative manifestations of the market element. The activities of the tourism industry in Ukraine are analyzed. There is a tendency to reduce the number of enterprises in the tourism industry in recent years of the study period. The rating of tour operators by the number of served tourists and by the reviews of tourists is analyzed. The place and role of the Ukrainian tourism business in the world market of tourist services has been identified. The situation on the world market of tourist services of Ukraine is considered and it is concluded that one of the favorable conditions for tourism development in Ukraine was the adoption of visa-free regime with EU countries, the tourist market gradually recovered after the crisis of 2014, and Ukrainians begin to conquer Europe. 2017 can be called the year of tourism development in Ukraine: the flow increased rapidly, and the number of permits for sale, according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, increased by 36%. Citizens of Ukraine who went abroad formed the group that used the services of tourism entities the most. It was found that the largest number of tourism entities is concentrated in the city of Kyiv and in Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Odessa regions.

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Babets, I. « PROVIDING ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS ». ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, n^o 132 (2017) : 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.132.0.125-137.

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In the article the major trends in the energy sector of Ukraine in modern geopolitical conditions are investigated. The status and dynamics of energy security of Ukraine during 2007–2015 years are evaluated. The main factors strengthening the energy security of Ukraine in 2015 – the decrease of energy intensity of GDP and improving of the diversification of supply sources and kinds of energy resources are detected. The impact of key threats caused by geopolitical changes on the level of energy security of Ukraine is determined. The probability and preconditions of implementation of optimistic, basic, pessimistic scenarios of changes in such key factors of energy security, as energy intensity of GDP and the share of the dominant fuel in total energy consumption are substantiated. Directions of strengthening the energy security of Ukraine in terms of geopolitical transformations, comprehensive reforms of the production and import of energy production, distribution and the use of electricity; further reducing of energy intensity of GDP through economic restructuring and increasing the share of services and high-tech industries in GDP, energy efficiency enterprises of old industrial areas and their technical modernization.

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Загуменна, Ю. О., et В. В. Лазарєв. « Formation and development of local self-government agencies in Ukraine (1991–2019) ». Law and Safety 77, n^o 2 (24 juin 2020) : 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2020.2.15.

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Local self-government is an integral part of a democratic society, since it actively influ-ences the political and socio-economic conditions for the development of civil society, and becomes an important prerequisite for the creation of a democratic and legal state. The de-velopment of legislative principles of local self-government in the Ukrainian state is influ-enced by the experience of Western standards of local self-government, the practice of state building in Eastern European and other countries. An important factor for the devel-opment of self-government institutions is the process of globalization, which significantly changes socio-political relations, changes the principles of interaction of territorial com-munities, political organizations and local self-government agencies. The authors of the ar-ticle study the current theoretical and methodological, legal and practical aspects of local self-government in Ukraine. The historical regularities of the formation and development of local self-government in Ukraine (1991–2019) are studied. The stages of the formation and reform of local self-government and territorial organization of public power in Ukraine are determined, namely the authors have distinguished three stages: 1990-1996 (formation of the institution of local self-government of independent Ukraine before the adoption of the Constitution); 1996–2014 (development of the Constitutional principles of local self-government); from 2014 to the present day (reform of local self-government of Ukraine, decentralization). The current problems of ensuring the effective functioning of local self-government agencies are studied.

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Perih, M. D., D. P. Perih et Yu V. Kovalskyi. « State and prospects of sheep breeding development in the western region of Ukraine ». Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, n^o 94 (7 avril 2021) : 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9413.

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Sheep farming is considered a powerful source of lamb production. The analysis of the current state of sheep breeding in the western region of Ukraine and the changes that have occurred since 1991 in this industry have been analyzed. The work was performed on the basis of generalization, analysis, synthesis and comparison of data of the State Statistics Committee for the period 1991–2019, surveys of owners of farms and farms that raise sheep, scientific publications, including online publications and web pages. The article outlines the priority areas of industry development and ways to implement them. It is noted that today sheep breeding in Ukraine is characterized by the zonal principle of placement. The main factor in this process is natural climatic and economic conditions. Analysis of statistical data shows that since 1992 the number of sheep in Ukraine, including farms of the western region, has significantly decreased, namely from 7896.2 thousand (1991) as of January 1, 2019 in all categories of farms Ukraine's sheep population decreased to 698.5 thousand or 11.3 times, and in the regions of the western region – from 848.6 thousand to 180.7 thousand or 4.7 times. It is noted that currently the bulk of the sheep population both in Ukraine and in its West (75.3 and 86.6 %, respectively) is concentrated in households, while at agricultural enterprises this figure is at the level of 24.7 and 13.4 %, respectively. The main shortcomings in the field of sheep breeding in the western region of Ukraine are reflected and possible ways to eliminate them are outlined. Sheep farms should take the following important measures: genetic improvement of meat and wool breeds and types available in the region by purebred breeding and crossing of local low-yielding uterine livestock with breeders of specialized imported meat breeds; creation of new zonal genotypes of meat and wool animals with high productive and reproductive qualities; introduction of the newest modern industrial technologies of keeping and fattening of sheep for lamb production; creation of a network of specialized slaughterhouses capable of slaughtering sheep, assessment and varietal cutting of carcasses in accordance with the requirements of international standards and specific consumers; improving the market for finished products.

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Nykyforuk, O. I., et U. B. Berezhnytska. « Transformation of institutional environment of small and medium enterprises development ». Ukrainian Society 79, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2021) : 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.064.

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Theoretical and historical perspectives study the logic and dynamics of institutional changes in the deregulation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). The paper specifically considers the conditionally and nature of institutional changes in socio-economic systems in the context of leading trends and challenges of our time. These processes are designed for SME development policy. The methods of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, deductive technique, complex evaluation, graphics, and others are used. Based on the definition of relationships between the basic categories of institutionalism under the influence of economic changes and the clarification of the functional purpose of the institutional environment to create a favourable “microclimate”, appropriate conditions for activity and development, the process of the institutional environment of SME development formation during the 30 years in Ukraine is generalized. The process mentioned above is divided into three periods: the 1st – since 1991, the intensification of institutional changes in SME development policy when the State Committee of Ukraine for Regulatory Policy and Entrepreneurship Development and the Ukrainian Entrepreneurship Support Fund were established; the 2nd – since 1998, when the SME support system was formed and developed directly during 2000–2011; and the 3rd period – since 2014, when there was stagnation and decline of the constructed SMEs development support system, but there were some isolated, unfortunately, chaotic institutional initiatives during 2018–2020. The scientific novelty lies in the reflection of economic changes in the institutional environment of SME development in Ukraine under the influence of the most fundamental structural socio-economic transformations and global factors: globalization, internationalization (1991–1997), innovative development, socialization, intellectualization of the economy (1998–2013), sustainable development, digitalization (2014–2021). The presented scheme of influence allowed generalizing the tendencies under the influence of which the institutional environment of SME development formed and gave the chance of predicting at the expense of what components and from what sources institutional changes can be expected. Practical significance: the recommendations can be used in forming and implementing of the national and regional targeted programs for SME support and development in Ukraine.

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BEZENA, Ivan. « HISTORICAL PROCEDURES OF ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF UKRAINE (1991–2022) ». Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series : Public Management and Administration, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022) (31 août 2022) : 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54891/2786-6998-2022-1-1.

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Our study analyzes the historical aspects of Ukraine’s European integration processes, new concepts of public policy and regional practices, the results of the transformation procedure: the structure, content of regional and local authorities. In addition, the processes of influence of regional authorities on the sustainable socio-economic development of the territory and the satisfaction of human social needs are considered. It was noted that the key issues of development of state regional policy were overcoming the negative effects of authoritarian methods of governance and the first attempts to build new models of democratic foundations of administration, working out new mechanisms for effective cooperation of regional authorities, local governments, public institutions, city and village dwellers. The study considered the historical aspects of building the administrative-territorial structure which are aimed at providing critical infrastructure, socio-cultural facilities and strategies for their development and transformation into new conditions and needs of the community. The outlined regional processes took place in the context of building public administration in accordance with the ideology of the European community. The policy of democratization and decentralization became the basis of state policy, which was aimed at redistribution of power «from the center to the region», democratization of processes in the territories, the formation of responsible regional governance, restoring public confidence in government and human involvement in government and community. The new structural and functional system of the state regional administration was normatively established and implemented by the Constitution of Ukraine, which was adopted on June 28, 1996. General trends in the development of the strategy for building partnerships between government and public institutions, economic entities, which aims to build an effective, successful territory capable of overcoming the crisis of socio-economic development of the region are indicators of regional government development practices.

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Oksana Zakharova. « TRENDS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE ». Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, n^o 59 (30 décembre 2020) : 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.1.59.2020.222098.

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The article is devoted to the characteristics of trends in the accumulation of human capital in Ukraine over the period of independence. The purpose of the article is to study the key factors that caused the existing trends in the accumulation of human capital during the period of independence of Ukraine. The novelty of the study lies in the application of a systematic approach to establishing the influence of the main factors on the accumulation of human capital in the country over the past twenty years.The expediency of the study of factors that directly affect the course of the processes of accumulating human capital at regional and national levels has been substantiated. The relationship between the quality of life of the population, the socio-economic development of the country and the volume of human capital has been established.The conditions (the number and structure of the current population; the number of live births and deaths per year and per 1000 people of the population; natural population decline, the number of marriages registered per year; total annual fertility rate, average life expectancy at birth), typical for Ukraine at the time of its independence in 1991, in the dynamics of demographic and socio-economic processes in Ukraine during the period of its independence have been analyzed.The tendencies that have been achieved by Ukraine in the nineteen years of independence in the field of socio-economic development, such as: the annual decline in the population and the total fertility rate; an increase in the mortality rate of the population; drop in GDP per capita and human development index are established. The key aspects of stabilizing the situation in the field of human capital accumulation in Ukraine, which should be based on the intensive development of the business environment, improving the quality of education, and comprehensive social protection of the population, have been substantiated.

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Yurii, Shemshuchenko, et Skrypniuk Oleksandr. « Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine : Historical Significance and Challenges for the Present (to the 30th Anniversary of the Declaration) ». Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, n^o 31 (2020) : 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-3-14.

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Introduction. 30 years after the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine, its relevance and socio-political interest have not diminished. The potential of its importance and the impact on state-building processes in Ukraine are not fully understood and used to build a modern, modern independent state in Ukraine. All this encourages scientists to re-analyze one of the main acts of our country. Of particular importance for the further progress and development of Ukraine is the analysis of the ascending legal principles that laid the foundations for the revival of national sovereign statehood in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to understand the basic principles of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine, their importance for the development of modern state-making process, its deepening, which will contribute to building a European democratic, legal, social state in Ukraine, solving problems of securing state sovereignty of Ukraine in modern conditions violating its territoriality . The aim of the article. The article raises the problem of conceptual essence of the main provisions of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine, the problems of their realization in the legal, political, economic spheres, national security and protection of statehood, implementation of foreign policy and European orientation of Ukraine, and their influence on the development of the state-making process and the sovereignty of Ukraine. Results. The factors of acceptance of the Declaration on the Proclamation of Ukraine's Sovereignty, the doctrinal principles of state sovereignty and their implementation in the state-making practice of Ukraine in the main spheres of state and public life before the proclamation of independence on August 24, 1991 are revealed in the article. The generator of ideas of sovereignty and the driving force behind the adoption of the Declaration were national-democratic forces. The declaration was adopted by more than a constitutional majority, which confirmed the nationwide support for the ideas of Ukraine's sovereignty. Conclusions. The Declaration became a fundamental act, which had the meaning of a constitutional act. It was a revolutionary document that declared a radical change in worldviews and values for society and defined the ways of its development and strategic directions of building a sovereign state in Ukraine. The Declaration laid the legal foundations of statehood: the rule of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, its right to its own Armed Forces, security bodies, inviolability of its territory, right to its own citizenship, right to free national and spiritual development of the nation, independently determine the economic status and pursue foreign policy, etc. It marked the birth of modern constitutionalism in Ukraine and became the basis for the development and adoption of a new democratic Constitution. It was a strategic document that embodied the conceptual foundations of state-building, the construction of civil society and their purpose.

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Vovk, V. Y., Yu V. Zhezherun, V. G. Kostohryz et V. О. Maliarova. « DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE SPACE OF FORMATION OF DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISES : ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS ». BULLETIN 389, n^o 1 (10 février 2021) : 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.19.

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The article examines the impact of globalization on the development of the world and national economic systems. The high probability of a global economic recession due to the coronavirus outbreak is projected to have significant consequences for both the global economy and the economy of Ukraine. Due to the probable change in the structure of the world economy and logistics, there is a growing need to study the risks of the national banking system, which demonstrates a high dependence on global financial markets. The peculiarities of the manifestation of financial and economic crises in the conditions of turbulence of the international financial markets and strengthening of financial instability have been considered. The causes and consequences of crises in the banking sector of Ukraine have been studied. The analysis of macroeconomic indicators of economic development of Ukraine during 2006-2019 with identifying of crisis periods has been carried out. Particular attention has been paid to the study of the preconditions for the emergence and consequences of the global financial and economic crisis for the economy of Ukraine in general and the banking sector in particular. Indicators that characterize the degree of penetration of the banking system into the economy of Ukraine have been analyzed, that will determine the features of crises at different stages of socio-economic development and conduct a comparative assessment of anti-crisis measures of the NBU aimed at stabilizing the banking sector. Taking into account the fact that the causes of financial and economic crises are not identical, measures used during the Global Financial and Economic Crisis of 2007-2011 cannot be taken to overcome the negative consequences of the Coronacrisis of 2020. Regulatory aspects of the banking system in times of crisis have been systematized. An attempt to predict the possible development of events in the domestic banking sector in the context of the Coronacrisis of 2020 has been made. The purpose of the article is to study the development trends of the banking sector of Ukraine in the space of formation of the destructive consequences of the global financial and economic crises and to determine the main directions of anti-crisis regulation of banking.

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Zhorova, Iryna. « The Development of the School’s Economical Education in Ukraine (the end of the 20th- the beginning of the 21th centuries) ». Professional Education : Methodology, Theory and Technologies, n^o 9 (28 février 2019) : 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2415-3729-2019-9-70-86.

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The article clarifies the main tendencies of the school economic education development in Ukraine from the end of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century. The stages of the economic disciplines’ implementation in the educational process of secondary education establishments are revealed as: the first stage (it was between 1991 – 1993) was a period of the search of content, forms and methods of teaching economics; the second stage (between 1994-2000) was the period of formation and updating of the school economic education content; the third stage (2001-2004) was the period of mass introduction of economy in general educational establishments; the fourth stage (since 2005) was the period of the formation of continuous economic education. It was revealed that the socio-political and socio-economic changes taken place in the early 1990s with the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence actualized the issue of providing the high level of the younger generation economic competence. That is why, since the middle of the 90’s, the optional classes in economics are opened in schools, and later ‒ the economics and entrepreneurship classes. In the process of the research it has been found out that the beginning of the 21st century was marked by the adoption of a number of state acts proclaiming general trends in the development of education in Ukraine and identified the peculiarities of school educational management including economic (the inclusion of economic education in the invariant and variation part of the curriculum, introduction of the economic profile of the social and humanitarian direction, the expansion and differentiation of the content of economic education, the improvement of the quality of personnel and logistics of teaching disciplines and economic direction). It is emphasized that the quality of secondary education is ensured through the implementation of the invariant and variation parts of the curriculum. The corresponding disciplines are presented as those that form the students’ outlook, economic culture and entrepreneurship. It was indicated that a positive step towards the reforming of secondary education was the introduction of profile education in secondary schools, which included the economic profile of the social and humanitarian direction. It was stated that at the beginning of the XXI century, in the conditions of permanent changes in society, integration into the world educational space, a school economic education also sustains a constant modernization on the way of upgrading the content and finding the effective forms of the students’ economic competence development.

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Georgieva, Mariia. « Public Administration of the Agricultural Sector of the Bulgarian Economy in the Conditions of Implementation of European Standards (1989-2007) ». European Historical Studies, n^o 15 (2020) : 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.15.2.

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Given the current state of European integration processes in Ukraine, a comprehensive study of the historical conditions of the reform processes in agriculture that took place in Bulgaria is urgent, which will help analyze the problems and determine the prospects for its development on the path to integration into the European economic space. In this paper, a systematic approach is applied, which consists in a comprehensive study of the mechanism of state regulation of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy as a whole with the harmonized functioning of all its components. In addition, the methods used at the empirical and theoretical levels were applied, namely: comparative analysis – to study the methodological approaches, concepts, developments and proposals of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the features of state regulation of the development of the agrarian sector of the Bulgarian economy. After more than ten years of participation in the European agricultural community, Bulgarian agriculture continued to seek its place in this country in the conditions of increasing competitive environment and dynamic conditions. According to the available statistics, it can be concluded that it has developed unbalanced, not taking into account the benefits that agriculture has in terms of natural and climatic conditions, namely soil and climate, and relying primarily on financial support from European funds. Thus, Bulgarian agriculture did not live up to the expectations of European investors who were emerging in the production of quality agricultural products, limiting the process of depopulation in the regions and ensuring employment (major or additional) of the Bulgarian rural population.

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Dmytriieva, Viktoriia. « Efficiency of Ukraine Agriculture : a Comparative Analysis by Countries ». Modern Economics 26, n^o 1 (20 juin 2021) : 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v26(2021)-06.

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Abstract. Introduction. Agriculture plays prominent role to supply people with food and industry with raw. The development of this branch depends on as economic conjuncture as nature conditions. Ukraine agriculture have developed in two directions during the period of 1991-2018. After several years of declining this branch has started reviving since 2009. The question is how successful this process is flowing. Various investigations cover analysis of dynamics, structure, correlations between indicators, forecasting and juxtaposing with other economic branches. Studying experience of other economies that had downs, but then accumulated their strengths and made economical leap, is the example for own start in development. What caused the growth and what made countries prosperous? This experience must be studied and implemented by scientists, government, and farmers. Most nowadays successful countries started from revision of existing styles of agricultural management and farm holding. They initiated reforms and adopted laws that had to support development of farms. Some of countries, that have been under influence of Soviet Union's style of management, being independent now are in the category of countries with middle or high world level of income. In contrary, Ukraine during almost thirty years of independence is fighting problems in economic development caused by negative factors including crises. To study features of countries’ growth and eliminate influence of inflation or incomparable indicators on results of analysis it is reasonable to investigate the same indicators for the similar period in determined currency. This article presents comparison results made for Ukraine Poland, Belarus, Moldova, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia despite their size and political preferences. Information for analysis used in this exploration is on the World Bank official site. Data cover the period of 1995-2019 years. Purpose. The main aim of this article is to compare indicators of agriculture development in Ukraine with other countries in order to find how successful and sufficient economic efforts of Ukraine are to raise agriculture sector on the higher level of development. Results. Conducted analysis revealed that other countries compared with Ukraine get bigger value added per worker or per unit of agriculture land. Moreover, they not only feed own country, but also sell their production abroad. Conclusions. Ukraine has the biggest soils squares to plant crops, vegetable, fruit, but it gets the least amount of profit from land usage. Ukraine has positive tendency in agriculture development, but as comparison with other countries proved the existing way of land using or cultivation, farm holding, and agriculture management is insufficient to become a prosperous country. Crop and livestock production need to be investigated deeper.

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Manzhos, Svetlana. « The Situation of Bank Lending in Ukraine : Current Problems and Prospects of Recovery ». Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie 8, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2016) : 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2016-0027.

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Abstract The article investigates the state of bank lending in Ukraine, identifies the source of the severe banking crisis, that broke out in Ukraine in 2014-2015. Additionally, it suggests recommendations for the enhancement of the role of bank lending in the process of expanded incentives for investments in order to facilitate the exit from the economy crisis towards the economic growth. Using the general scientific methods of empirical and theoretical research, the dynamics of bank lending in Ukraine in 2003- 2014 was analysed and the following periods were distinguished: 2003-2007, which is the period of the rise of a strong banking system and the increase of bank lending; 2008-2009, when the crisis and post-crisis recovery processes have been attempted, and 2014-2015, which is the period of an unprecedented crisis and a wave of bank failures. The analysis revealed the following main factors constraining the lending to the economy of Ukraine in today’s conditions: a slowdown in the economic growth, increasing economic and political risks of inflation and devaluation expectations, rapid fluctuations of exchange rate, a high cost and the lack of credit because of insufficient domestic resources and the mismatch of terms and conditions of bank loans with the aim to attract resources, a significant credit risk and imperfect methods of management, the lack of clear mechanisms for loan repayment applicable to insolvent borrowers, and inadequate protection of the rights of lenders and borrowers. The article substantiates that the stimulation of the lending process should be based on the following: the improvement of the investment climate in Ukraine, using stricter lending criteria, ensuring effective mechanisms for provisioning for credit risks, and the improvement of measures for the protection of rights of lenders and borrowers. The state should focus on new projects stimulating - international investments by introducing the European standards on domestic enterprises, including joint investment projects in strategic sectors; the promotion of investment projects in support of small and medium enterprises; and intensified efforts to stimulate foreign banks to open credit lines for small and medium-sized businesses to implement energy efficiency projects under the state guarantee.

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Ayvazyan, Diana. « Сurrent Trends in the Interaction Between the Black Sea Littoral States ». Contemporary Europe 107, n^o 7 (31 décembre 2021) : 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope720213949.

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The paper deals with the сurrent peculiarities of the relations between the Black Sea littoral states (Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Georgia and Turkey) with the consideration of the coronavirus pandemic that to some extent has changed the ways of the external interaction. The author analyses the role of the Black Sea region in the political discourse of each littoral state and defines the trends of the economic and military-political interaction between the Black Sea states. It is shown that the pandemic has not led to the alleviation of the confrontation between the littoral states amidst the new common challenge. Neither has it stimulated them to reassess the current challenges and threats to maritime security. On the contrary, during the fight against the pandemic the conflicting nature of their interaction exacerbated under the conditions of the absence of the united strategic basis developed by the littoral states for their policy in the Black Sea region since the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The aspiration of Ukraine and Georgia to obtain military-political advantages in the Black Sea area prevailed with the support of the non-regional actors ‒ the United States, NATO and the EU.

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Demydenko, Viktor, Oksana Rudenko et Oleksandr Serhienko. « AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION POSITIONING STRATEGY ». Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, n^o 60 (19 avril 2021) : 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.1.60.2021.229188.

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The article is devoted to the strategy of positioning of agricultural products of Ukrainian enterprises during the period of its independence. The aim of the article is to study the key factors, mechanisms of positioning of agricultural products during the period of independence of Ukraine and the factors that have led to the competitiveness of agriculture and industrial processing. The novelty of the study is a comprehensive and systematic analysis of these issues, taking into account sectoral characteristics of the agricultural sector of Cherkasy region. The constituent elements of the mechanism of formation of strategic vision are determined, the system of indicators, which reflect the effectiveness of positioning and determine the place and role of a certain product on the market and at the same time in the economic portfolio of the enterprise, is substantiated. The result of the study is the conclusion substantiated by the authors that economic conditions of functioning of agricultural enterprises significantly affect the mechanism of formation of their strategic priorities. The proposed methodological approaches can be used by agricultural enterprises in the formation of market strategies for positioning their products, which determines their practical value. The expediency of studying the factors that directly affect the strategy of positioning of agricultural products at the regional and national levels is substantiated. The relationship between the number of agricultural products of Ukrainian producers and indices of agricultural products of Ukraine is established. The sown area of agricultural crops for 1991–2019 is specified. The dynamics of the volume of sown areas of agricultural crops carried out in Ukraine during the period of its independence is analyzed. SWOT-analysis of the agro-food sector of Cherkasy region and rural areas summarizes the most important strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, determines the long-term concept of agricultural development of Ukraine and rural areas based on the assessment. The key aspects of the strategy of positioning of agricultural products in Ukraine, which should be based on production potential, export orientation, infrastructure and investments, are substantiated.

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Voropayeva, Tetiana. « THE MAIN CHALLENGES, THREATS AND DANGERS FOR MODERN UKRAINIANNESS ». Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n^o 27 (2020) : 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2020.27.8.

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The article is devoted to the study of the biggest challenges, threats and dangers for modern Ukrainianness. The issue of challenges, threats and dangers facing Ukraine and Ukrainianness since 1991 is very relevant today. Scientists who work in the field of crisisology distinguish the concepts of «challenges», «threats», «dangers», «crises», «risks», «catastrophes», «collapse», «wreck», etc. The theoretical and methodological basis of our study is a combination of scientific potential of crisisology, conflictology and Ukrainian studies. Crisisology, conflictology and Ukrainian studies face the task of transdisciplinary understanding of the essence and severity of these challenges, threats and dangers, which are relevant in many areas such as military-defense, geopolitical, demographic, state-building, spiritual worldview, ecological, economics, energy, information, cultural and artistic, linguistic, moral and ethical, scientific, nation-building, educational, political and legal, social, territorial, technological, financial, etc. To these are added threats and dangers: 1) large-scale war with Russia; 2) total spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine; 3) the implementation of a new geostrategic course in Russia (called «geopolitical revenge»); 4) spreading the ideology of the «Russian world», intensifying new attempts by the Russian Federation to dismember Ukraine, supporting separatization and federalization of Ukraine; 5) possible escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian and Armenian-Azerbaijani conflicts, which could lead to a new global confrontation and even a world war; 6) ineffective fight against corruption in Ukraine; 7) the lack of a proper response from the authorities to the need to immediately end Russia’s information and psychological war against Ukraine; 8) destruction of small and medium business and further financial and economic stratification of Ukrainian society; 9) procrastination with the solution of the poverty problem (in conditions when about 60% of Ukrainians are below the poverty line); 10) possible man-made disasters in Ukraine; 11) possible transformation of Ukraine from a subject into an object of international relations; 12) possible rejection of European integration; 13) discrediting the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity, in order to spread Russian narratives about the coup in Ukraine; 14) intensification of interfaith conflicts in Ukraine; 15) inadequate decision-making by incompetent authorities (threat of economic decline and large-scale financial crisis in Ukraine, possible change in Ukraine’s vector of development, threat of capitulation, refusal of the authorities to resolve the «Ukrainian crisis» (which began after Russia’s aggression and has become a factor influencing the security of Europe and the world) from the standpoint of Ukraine as a subject, not an object); 16) refusal to solve the problems of internally displaced persons; 17) possible «freezing» of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict in order to further destabilize Ukraine; 18) strengthening of geopolitical and geoeconomic instability, intensification of intercivilizational and geopolitical confrontation in the world; 19) possible decline of democracy and rise of authoritarianism in Ukraine; 20) expansion of the border with Russia (in case of its absorption of Belarus); 21) possible disintegration of Ukrainian society and world Ukrainiannes; 22) further violation of international law by the Russian Federation; 23) exacerbation of the economic and migration crisis in Europe; 24) radicalization of part of the Islamic world; 25) due to the collapse of the USSR. The challenges, threats and dangers facing Ukrainians can unfold at the global, continental and national levels. Ukrainians must find adequate answers to modern challenges and mechanisms to minimize threats and dangers; ensure stable economic growth; to create a powerful system of national security, army and defense-industrial complex; find ways to ensure national interests in the current crisis; to develop optimal models for resolving the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict, reintegrating the population of the occupied territories and restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine.

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VASYLEVSKA, Halyna, et Iryna NOVOSAD. « PECULIARITIES OF THE INTERACTION OF THE FISCAL SPACE COMPONENTS OF UKRAINE ». WORLD OF FINANCE, n^o 1(66) (2021) : 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2021.01.112.

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Introduction. Modern transformations of economic processes, taking place on the basis of intensive globalization and the need for stable development of socially oriented market economy, and hence, providing economic growth in Ukraine, require a comprehensive study of the functioning of fiscal space to ensure its effective evolution. By forming an appropriate resource base, provided it is used rationally and there exist civilized legal relations, the government of the country can create and implement effective instruments of state regulation, as well as influence the relevant processes within the society as well as provide optimal conditions for its development and self-improvement. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study and substantiate the interaction of the components of the fiscal space of the state to ensure the effectiveness of their interaction in the future. Results. The article examines the peculiarities of the interaction of components of the fiscal space of Ukraine, a detailed analysis of factors influencing the formation and functioning of the fiscal environment has been carried out and the correlative dependence between the main items of revenues and expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine in 2007-2020 has been determined. Based on the analysis, the existence of four components of the fiscal space has been identified and substantiated: political, economic, social and financial, in the context of their interaction and improvement. Conclusions. The functioning and interdependent influence of the components of the fiscal space of the state are interconnected by a number of factors that affect social development systematically though in a different manner. The dominant concept of this process is the detailing and thorough examination of these components for their interaction and mutual influence in the overall system of functioning and further evolution. The dominant concept of this process is detailing and thorough examination of these components for their interaction and mutual influence in the overall system of functioning and further evolution. Obviously, the key factor of such interaction of any of the presented spheres (political, economic, social, financial) is nothing but resource provision, which is not always regulated by fiscal methods (customs and tax instruments, preferences or other incentives, etc.), but is nevertheless provided by a proficiently arranged system of social-state communications, with the understanding that any touch points following the “state-society” model arise in the plane of the sphere of service provision. Therefore, an important aspect in this context is the issue of restoring social trust towards public authorities: legislative, executive and judicial, as well as providing quality parity conditions for the organization of co-functioning, cooperation, communication and provision of relevant services to citizens.

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Lomonosov, Anatolii, Oksana Lomonosova et Iryna Nadtochii. « SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES MARKET IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF UKRAINE ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n^o 2 (13 mai 2019) : 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-104-116.

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When considering the problems of the educational services market formation and functioning in higher education, most authors attribute the emergence of this market to fundamental political and economic changes in Ukraine in the early 1990s and its transition to a market economy. This approach is limited as the market for educational services has existed before. In the process of market expansion into public spheres in Ukraine in the last decade of the 20th century, it got a generally completed form, although its formation has not yet ended and continues to transform. Over the past hundred and fifty years, the socio-economic system in Ukraine has changed three times: the second half of the 19th century – the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the beginning of the 20th century – the transition from capitalism to socialism, the beginning of the 21st century – the reverse transition from socialism to capitalism. The educational services market is one of the components of a market system of the country as a whole. The nature of socio-economic relations, of course, influenced the formation and functioning of the educational services market in higher education, which was under various factors affecting it in different socio-economic and institutional conditions. Therefore, this study considers three main historical stages of the formation of this market, each corresponding to a certain socio-economic system: - development of the educational services market in higher education of Ukraine in the late 19th-early 20th centuries at the stage of formation and rise of capitalism; - functioning of the deformed educational services market in higher education of the Ukrainian SSR after the victory of the socialist revolution and in the Soviet Union era; - widescale introduction of market relations in higher education of modern Ukraine during the period of democratic transformations, changes in the socio-economic and political system, the abandonment of socialism and the return to the capitalist system. This approach, unlike most of those presented in modern Ukrainian economic literature, covers the entire historical period, in which there was a market for educational services in Ukraine’s higher education. To ascertain the peculiarities and the characteristics of the market, at each stage the presence and development of its main elements should be determined. Those elements, as a rule, include goods, demand, supply, competition, and prices for goods or services. At all stages, the principal stimulator for the formation of the educational services market in higher education in Ukraine was the chronic underfunding of state higher education institutions. The dissatisfied demand of the population for higher education was also a significant factor in the formation and development of the educational services market. The market for educational services in higher education became developed after Ukraine had gained independence. Commercialization of educational services in higher education, the creation of private higher education institutions, the corresponding institutional transformations, and the legislative framework formation were typical for this stage. As a general scientific basis of the research, a dialectical method of analysis of socio-economic processes was applied. For the theoretical part of the study, historical-logical and abstract-logical methods were used, which allowed determining the key factors that caused the emergence of the educational services market in higher education of Ukraine, as well as to study the evolution of ideas about it. As the information base of the study, a set of legislative and normative acts of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as well as some research works of domestic and foreign scientists concerning various aspects of the formation of the educational services market in higher education were used. For quantitative assessment of the market relations spread in higher education, statistical methods were used to process both complete and selective information. The basis of our research was the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (from 1991 to 2017).

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Holovchenko, Volodymyr. « THE ORIGINS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIPLOMACY : ERA OF KYIV RUS’ ». ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, n^o 128 (2016) : 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.128.0.17-27.

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Many Western political analysts viewed Ukraine declared its independence on August 24, 1991 as one of the major geopolitical events in the twentieth century. This is for a fate of Europe to have the same meaning and impact on the situation in the region, as well as German reunification a year earlier. Modern Ukrainian diplomacy deduced in the world of independent state in a much more favourable conditions of complete the cold war and relatively peaceful collapse of the Soviet Union, after more than 40 years, though largely formal, but still physical presence of the Ukrainian SSR in structures and forums UN state as its founders. Today Ukraine claimed their place in the hierarchical structure of the international system, its position is essential for the formation of the system architecture, not only regionally but also at the global level. Especially important to the Foreign Ministry of our country is to take into account critically national historical experience and ability to make its the necessary structural principled position, that in general holds all the modern civilized world: in an independent and self-sufficient state no permanent friends but only permanent interests. Without the critical study and taking into account Ukrainian’s own interests and historical lessons of state development – geopolitical, civilzational, socio-economic – can not be understand the fundamental fact, that the current development of Ukraine as a sovereign state – the natural and logical outcome of its previous path.

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Susulovska, S., A. Susulovsky et F. W. Kornobis. « Morphometrical and molecular data on plant parasitic nematodes Longidorus attenuatus Hooper, 1961 and L. danuvii Barsi et al., 2007 (Nematoda : Longidoridae) reported from Ukraine for the first time ». Helminthologia 53, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0040.

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Summary Genus Longidorus Micoletzky, 1927 consists of obligatory plant root ectoparasites. Some of the genus species are of economic importance as pests of agricultural plants. This paper presents first records of Longidorus attenuatus Hooper, 1961 and L. danuvii Barsi et al., 2007 from Ukraine. Data on morphometrics and D2-D3 28S rDNA region sequence are provided. Additionally, a D2-D3 28S rDNA sequence from a population described previously from Poland was included. For the first time L. danuvii has been found with plants of agricultural importance (Malus domestica Borkh., Pyrus sp. and Rubus idaeus L.). Additionally, this nematode species has been found for the first time in localities with relatively dry conditions (on the tops of the hills), which are distant from banks of rivers – biotopes from which it has been recorded previously.

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Salamin, O. S., et S. I. Poperechny. « Actual problems of formation priority directions of state regulation in agriculture ». Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, n^o 86 (26 février 2018) : 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8612.

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The problems of agriculture state regulation in Ukraine are analyzed. The Approaches to the implementation of state regulatory influence on economic entities, including extreme positions – from non-interference policy to strengthening direct administrative influence on economic entities are compared. The neglect of the need for state influence on economic processes, the use of «shock therapy» in the hope that all problems will be solved by market leverage, which operate automatically in the first half of 90 years of the last century, only exacerbated these problems. Due to the significant number of influencing factors the direction of the state regulatory policy, universal approaches to its development and implementation can not be offered. Therefore, it is unacceptable to use borrowed in foreign publications schemes of state regulation. The international obligations of Ukraine in the process of gaining membership in the WTO and concluding an agreement on the association of Ukraine with the EU can not be the arguments of such application. These agreements regulate only the obligations regarding integration processes, and internal problems are solved by the development of an acceptable regulatory policy. Taking into account the fact that the regulatory influence on economic entities has levers of the market mechanism, in particular the price, the state influence of the agricultural management bodies is proposed to direct the formation of the infrastructure of the agrarian market, the main function of which is market generation of prices and their stabilization. All the ways of state regulation prices of agricultural products that were used in Ukraine after 1991 were unsuccessful. The indexation prices was offset by the increase in the cost price of products in the conditions of high inflation, the neutralization of the negative influence of inflationary processes was completely neutralized, but it increased the burden on the state budget and weakened the implementation of the prices of regulatory and stimulating functions. Limitations on the level of profitability to calculate the mass of profit included in the price, limited monopoly influence on the price of certain structures, provided access to socially significant food products. However, the continued limitation of profitability prompted an increase in current costs, as well as a reduction in production volumes, its deficit and the subsequent rapid rise in prices. Acceptable is the direct state support of the formation and development integrated formations, in which prices are agreed without government intervention and products are competitive on the domestic and foreign markets.

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Tararico, Yu O., Yu V. Soroka et R. V. Saidak. « Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone ». Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", n^o 2 (21 décembre 2020) : 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202002-256.

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Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016 the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

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Ruban, M., et V. Ponomarenko. « The development and construction of narrow-gauge locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant (1969–1991) ». Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 29, n^o 2 (6 janvier 2021) : 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/272026.

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The article attempts to investigate the historical circumstances of the development and serial construction of narrow-gauge electric locomotives at the Dnepropetrovsk Electric Locomotive Plant based on a comprehensive analysis of sources and scientific literature. It is determined that during the 1960s and 1990s the staff of the Special Design and Technology Bureau of the Dnipropetrovsk Plant, having a strong research and production potential, developed and created projects of unique narrow-gauge electric locomotives of PEU 1 series (IELNG1 – industrial narrow-gauge electric locomotive type 1) and PEU 2 (IELNG2 – industrial narrow-gauge electric locomotive type 2) to meet the needs of the Soviet mining industry in the complex mining and geological conditions of Central Asia with modern high-tech electric vehicles. The development of the research and production base of the machine-building enterprise is traced, the production nomenclature of which, originally represented exclusively by electric locomotives and traction units for industrial purposes, was expanded to the production of main traction rolling stock and special repair equipment. It was found that due to the economic crisis of the CIS countries in the first half of the 1990s, the rupture of economic ties of the former Soviet republics and the lack of need for such equipment on electrified access roads of narrow-gauge Ukrainian mining enterprises all work on designing promising projects and serial production of narrow-gauge electric locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk Electric Locomotive Plant were stopped, and the Special Design and Technology Bureau of the enterprise, having received a state order, was reorganized into the Ukrainian Research Design Institute of Electric Locomotive Construction and focused on the development of main wide-gauge locomotive fleet of the railway network of Ukraine. Despite the fact that the Ukrainian Research Design Institute of Electric Locomotive has been liquidated and the Dnipropetrovsk plant is in decline, taking into account the historical experience of electric locomotive building in Ukraine is of fundamental importance in the general perspective of Ukrainian transport engineering and the domestic railway industry in particular. Further study of the history of Dnipropetrovsk Electric Locomotive Plant requires analysis of the historical circumstances of the institutionalization of the Special Design and Technology Bureau of the enterprise from the creation of shunting electric locomotives and traction units for industrial purposes to the development and re-equipment of main traction rolling stock and specialized repair equipment within the state enterprise «Ukrainian Research Design Institute of Electric Locomotive Engineering» under the leadership of Academician Victor Bratash.

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Sinyushko, Dmytro. « PREREVOLUTIONARY PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION AGAINST CRIME IN THE FIELD OF FOREST FUND ». Law Journal of Donbass 75, n^o 2 (2021) : 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-75-2-105-113.

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The article, based on historical and legal analysis, examines the evolutionary development of criminal law support for combating crime in the field of forest resources in modern Ukraine. The author identifies trends in the historical and legal development of criminal law counteraction to forest violations in Ukraine, which were associated with the peculiarities of land ownership, political and socio-economic status of society. The study found that criminal law counteraction to forest violations in independent Ukraine is characterized by the search for an effective model, which should largely include historical experience. Generalizations were made, recommendations were given to improve the fight against crimes in the field of forest resources. The study of historical and legal literature makes it possible to conclude that the history of Ukrainian criminal law in the field of forest protection covers three chronological periods: the first period (pre-revolutionary) – from the times of «Ruska Pravda» and until 1917; second period (Soviet) – from 1917 to 1991; third period (post-Soviet) – since 1991. It is important to note that natural conditions have developed so that the boundary between the forest and the steppe was not clearly expressed. The location of settlements has solved a number of important issues. First, the forest served as an object of crafts, hunting, boarding. Secondly, the trees were cut down, cocturns for expansion of agricultural areas, pastures for grazing livestock, meadows for harvesting hay. Thirdly, in the woods could always be hiding from raids of nomads. So іn addition, can conclude that the historical experience of the formulation of norms regulating the responsibility for criminal offices is now relevant: by introducing in the norm of such elements, which maximally motivate the foresters to hold from criminal encroachments and cause moral condemnation of such acts; use of stimulating the rails to conscientious forest use, even in the case of committing a violation, by reporting it and the inclusion of an enhanced punishment for concealing such a violation; by differentiation of responsibility, depending on the degree of fire hazard in forests; introduction to the signs of a crime committed by destroying or damaging forest plantations, the location of such acts near settlements.

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Grytsay, Оlga, et I. Hrytsai. « SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ZAKARPATTIA REGION ». Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 5, n^o 1 (1 juin 2021) : 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2021.01.030.

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Purpose. The study’s purpose is a socio-economic analysis of the Zakarpattia region’s current state of development to determine the factors that affect the current situation and priority areas for improving the territorial organization Zakarpattia region, which will ensure sustainable regional development. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, the authors used the literature review method to identify the state of research on socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine and to justify the importance of separate consideration of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators. As a result of the analysis of scientific literature sources on the issue of socio-economic development of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, it was revealed that empirical studies of statistical data are insufficiently presented. Based on the comparative method, system analysis, and synthesis, the leading statistical indicators of the Zakarpattia region are studied: gross regional product (GRP), inflation, the economic activity of the population, unemployment, level of consumer prices, capital investments, foreign economic activity, household expenditures, level of wages and incomes of the people for 2007–2019, the dynamics of which reflects two crisis periods: 2008 and 2014–2015. Economic development dynamics in conditions of political instability and rapid changes in the external environment show positive macroeconomic changes reflected in GDP growth, wage growth, increasing exports, and the excess of exports over imports. Findings. The hypothesis that the focus of achieving the most efficient use of the region’s potential and its balanced development is possible only based on coordination of economic, social, and environmental interests, both at the regional and national levels. In particular, the study of GRP of the Zakarpattia region during 2007–2019 shows a stable growth of the area's nominal GRP. However, the real GRP at the same time, although fluctuating abruptly and in general, remains virtually unchanged. A study of the share of the Zakarpattia region’s economically active population in the structure of the economically active population of Ukraine allows us to conclude that it has changed unevenly and has tended to decrease. The border location of the Zakarpattia region facilitated emigration. In 2020, the share of the economically active population was declining, and unemployment is rising due to the loss of many people of their jobs due to the pandemic, which directly impacts reducing real and nominal GRP. Today’s economic recovery is taking place without significant changes in domestic enterprises’ quantitative structure by industry and is not accompanied by an increase in foreign investment. Practical implications. The results of this research are of interest to scientists and students of educational institutions, employees of research institutions that study the development trends of the regions of Ukraine. Besides, the results can help employees of public authorities of the Zakarpattia region shape the area’s development strategy. Originality/value. This study highlights the strengthening of globalization processes at the present stage of development of our state puts before its regions the main requirement – to maintain and streng then the positive growth of vital socio-economic indicators through the introduction of administrative, legal, tax, financial and other measures in the interests of the population and the state as a whole. The main factors influencing the socio-economic development of the Zakarpattia region are identified. Thus, based on the analysis, we can conclude that the Zakarpattia region’s socio-economic development will depend on the dynamics of production and consumption and improve the results of foreign economic activity. Priority areas for improving the Zakarpattia region’s territorial organization, which will ensure regional development sustainability, have been identified. The unique geopolitical location of Zakarpattia region and its agricultural orientation and tourism are decisive factors in overcoming crises and reviving its socio-economic development.

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Nesenenko, Pavеl P. « RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF STATE REGULATION OF THE AGRARIAN SPHERE OF UKRAINE ». Economies' Horizons, n^o 2(20) (30 juin 2022) : 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.2(20).2022.262240.

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The article is devoted to determining the stages of formation of the existing system of state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. The work issues Ukrainian scientists on distinguishing the periods of formation of the agrarian sector of the state, land law, and land reform. The author's vision of the system of government regulation of economic policy in agricultural production is substantiated. It studies periods of transformation in the agricultural sector. The stage of "formation" is highlighted (from 1992 to 1994); the 'development' stage (from 1995 to 1999); 'evolutionary' stage (from 2000 to 2007); 'integration' stage (since 2008). The separation of the stage of reformatting following the transformations carried out in the state regulation of the agrarian sphere since 2015. Changes have been studied related to deregulation in the economic sphere, which simplifies the conduct of business in many sectors of the economy due to the abolition of means of state regulation and the reduction of the administrative burden on enterprises. It is considered how the implementation and combination of legislation with EU norms is carried out. It was assessed how the changes made to the special regime for payment of value-added tax in agriculture affected the economic indicators of the state's development. The unevenness of the budget financing of support revealed for the agricultural sector of Ukraine from 2012-2018 was. During 2020-2021was analyzed the state financing support programs for the agricultural sector. The presented step-by-step review of the state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine shows that the tools used are the result of the adaptation of the agricultural industry to the real conditions of the functioning of the national economy in different periods of its transformation. Notably, the formation of an optimal system of state regulation of the development of the agrarian sphere has not yet been completed.

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Dnistrianska, Iryna. « Scientific research of geography of Ukrainian rural settlements : the evolution of methodological approaches in context of actual challenges ». Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (18 décembre 2019) : 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10662.

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In this article, the history of studying the geography of the Ukrainian rural settlements is reviewed. The stages of research in view the exploration level of the rural locality in human geography are highlighted within such time limits: XV – the first half XIX cent., the secondary half XIX – the beginning of XX cent., the beginning of XX – till 1991, from 1991. At each of the stages is characterized the main scientific paradigms and explorations which was dedicated to the subject of the rural settlements. Paradigms and methods of studying exactly rural settlements evolved and developed under the influence of historical conditions: from purposefully-descriptive, statistical-descriptive, sectoral-statistical, ethnographic, anthropogeographic, demogeographic to an integral socio-geographical. During the research, it was concluded that geographical exploring of the rural settlements actually was fragmentary until the XX century. Simultaneously, the scientific achievements of the previous periods laid down to definite some methodological basis and source base for further research in this area. Closer to the middle of the XX century, the biggest explorations of Ukrainian rural settlements were conducted by V. Kubiyovych. Later, for ideological reasons, the issue of rural settlement geography was not the focus of attention among Ukrainian geographers of that time until Ukraine gained independence. The topic of the research of the Ukrainian village in scientific circles has risen to a new level and it’s geography according to the scientific centres in Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa, Chernivtsi, Kharkiv and Ternopil since 1991. Modern crisis of the demographic, social, economic state of the rural areas causes the necessity of interdisciplinary further exploration of this problem. Despite the social development and nowadays challenges in this article the main tasks and directions for future research of Ukrainian village are highlighted. Key words: the history of Ukrainian geography, rural settlements, rural population, methodology of geographical research.

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Semenovska, L. « IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA OF POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION AS INNOVATIVE DIRECTION OF SCHOOL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE ». Pedagogical Sciences, n^o 72 (16 août 2019) : 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2018.72.176125.

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The degree and basic trends in the elaboration of the problem researched have been analyzed (imperial stage, before 1917, trends being – philosophic-pedagogical, historical-educative; the Soviet stage, 1917 – 1990, trends being – historical-narrative, scientific proper, scientific-methodical; post-Soviet stage, 1991 – the beginning of the XXI-st cent., trends being – methodological-theoretic, historical-pedagogical, general didactic). The socioeconomic factors and organizational-pedagogic prerequisites of polytechnic education idea genesis have been determined; its legislative and regulatory framework has been examined. The phased process of polytechnic education idea realization in the national school education of the XX-th century has been substantiated and characterized by its regularity, conceptualism variance, contradiction, instability, periodicity of ascension and decline.Its consecutive stages have been established: I (1901-1918) – search-empirical (polytechical illiteracy elimination as a prerequisite of socio-economic development); II (1919-1933) – experimental-innovative (school polytechnization in connection with the implementation of compulsory elementary education); III (1934-1957) – theoretic-analytical (pupils’ polytechnic training during the period of compulsory 7-year-long education implementation); IV (1958-1983) – professional-manufacturing (specific sectoral and practical orientation of polytechnism on the stage of transition to the compulsory secondary education); V (1984-1999) – economic-reformist (polytechnic education idea modification in the context of general secondary education modernization on the basis of market model, shifting the emphasis on the pupils’ educational work). The regularities, contradictions and the leading tendencies in the process of polytechnic education idea realization have been revealed. Its specificity has been characterized as reflected in preserving labor traditions (1901-1918); carrying out the industrialization and agronomization (1919-1933); scientific fundamentalization and singling out polytechnic grounds of school subjects (1934-1957); professional bias and mechanization (1958-1983); automation and striving for labor intellectualization (1984-1999). The stages (initial, sufficient, high and advanced) and conditions of the process of polytechnic education idea realization have been determined; the progressive achievements of the XX-th cent. polytechnism in current conditions have been actualized (pedagogically expedient use of polytechnic individual and socially oriented potential of all secondary school subjects, especially general technical subjects, different labor types, class and out-of-class activities; establishing close cooperation of school and production on the terms of voluntariness and state support; involving pupils in real social and labor, cost accounting relations; joint efforts of school, family and the public in pupils’ labor training and education etc.).

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SHAROV, Oleksandr. « LOST IN TRANSLATION» OR EXISTING APPROACHES TO COOPERATION WITH THE IMF AND REAL OPPORTUNITIES ». Economy of Ukraine 2019, n^o 5 (11 juin 2019) : 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.05.019.

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Ukraine became a member of the IMF in September 1992, shortly after the proclamation of independence in 1991. But in reality, the path to the IMF was much longer, since it began with the creation of the IMF as a specialized agency of the United Nations (taking into account that Ukraine was also the founder of the UN). During the membership period, Ukraine repeatedly turned to the International Monetary Fund for various assistance programs – both technical and financial ones. Nevertheless, in Ukraine there is a lack of understanding of the tasks and order of the functioning of the Fund (both among ordinary citizens and politicians), which requires an explanation in order to destroy certain myths on this issue. The first of the myths is that the IMF acts as a global «shadow government» while it is actually a mutual organization in which all members (including Ukraine) could and should play an appropriate role. In this regard, the role of economic diplomacy for the establishing of relations with the IMF and with its individual members is growing significantly. At the same time, the IMF is not an «international bank», which seeks to obtain from the countries high interest rates, but rather the international «mutual fund» of solidarity, which one needs to know how to use by. At the same time, the lack of the IMF credit programs with a member country is not necessarily a bad signal for it. Many countries have successfully reformed their economies without receiving financial assistance from the IMF. It is important to understand that the IMF does not impose its lending conditions, but takes note of the program that actually is designed (at least used to be designed) by a government of the recipient country. Finally, the IMF cooperates not only with governments of member states, but also with civil society institutions. Of course, if they are able to put pressure on their governments. Thus, a true understanding of the rules of the IMF – which are fixed in numerous documents – could help significantly improve the effectiveness of Ukraine’s relations with the International Monetary Fund.

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Bublyk, Yevhen, Oleksandra Kurbet et Roman Yukhymets. « Price convergence on the national gas markets of the Eastern European region ». Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2022) : 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.47.

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Establishing institutional arrangements for regulating gas markets toward price convergence is one of the crucial integrational factors. The strategy of the firm and economic development management depends on it. The paper aims to assess the characteristics of price convergence on the natural gas markets of the Eastern European region. This region is relevant for Ukraine in a number of parameters. The assessment was made based on Eurostat data for different groups of consumers, excluding taxes, using the standard deviation detection method of price convergence for 15 countries in 2007–2020. Despite the revealed generally positive price convergence on the natural gas markets in the considered countries after 2014, obtained results showed three points that highlight the heterogeneous structure of the process. First, an even movement toward a single price is detected in groups of large households (the standard price deviation of the price decreased in 2014–2020 from 2.7 to 1.9 euro per Giga Joule or 1.5 times) and medium industrial enterprises (the standard deviation decreased from 1.0-1.7 to 0.6-1.1 or 1.5-1.8 times). Second, the prices for the largest industrial enterprises in considered countries approached the fastest (the deviation decreased from 2.0 to 0.5). Third, in the segment of small enterprises, the deviation even increased from 2.1 to 2.2 (1.05 times). This result highlights the gap in the institutional mechanisms of European integration and sources of uncertainty for the small firms’ management. AcknowledgmentThe paper was funded as a part of the “Determination of institutional conditions for the development of the exchange segment of the gas market” research project (No. 0122U002205), conducted at the State Institution Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the NAS of Ukraine.

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Horobets, О. О. « A Statistical Analysis of Book Publishing Industry in Ukraine : 1917–2017 ». Statistics of Ukraine 85, n^o 2 (22 août 2019) : 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2(85)2019.02.01.

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A broad statistical analysis of the book publishing industry over 1917–2017 is performed, with focus on the dynamics of industry indicators in 1991–2017. It is shown that throughout this period the average annual growth in the number of books and brochures produced by the book publishing industry made 620 units, or 5.13%. But the circulation had overall negative dynamics: its average annual decline made 3310 thousand, or 3.9%. The largest absolute decline in the circulation is recorded in 1993, 1999, and 2015. It is revealed that the per capita output in the industry was 1.5 books in 2013, 0.8 in 2015, and 1.1 in 2017. It is stressed that because books constitute a culture component and contribute in the moral enrichment of the society and book reading enhance the education level of a nation, the book supply of the population observed throughout the period of the Ukraine’s independence is unacceptable. A fact raising concern is that reading ranks fifth as a way of recreation in the Ukrainian society. It is demonstrated that the assumption about minor significance of a printed book in the digital era is fallacious and ungrounded. Transformations in science and technology, politics or economy have been persisting in Ukraine, but its people remain to be book readers. A book may change the format or production methods and materials, but a book is an integral attribute of the humanity. The events in Ukraine, both positive and negative, had strong impact on the development and change of socio-economic paradigms, which had implications for the book publishing industry. The development of any industry cannot be considered in isolation, by taking its dynamics off the context of socio-political processes and phenomena. It is shown that in the present-day conditions, when the living standards of the population are largely dependent on the salary rate or the household income, the need to purchase books had lower priority than meeting vital necessities of daily life. The importance of a further in-depth study of the external factors with impact on the industry development is stressed.

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Konończuk, Wojciech. « Regime-sanctioned oligarchs ». Sprawy Międzynarodowe 74, n^o 2 (8 décembre 2021) : 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2021.74.2.09.

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No oligarchic system, similar to those in Ukraine or Russia, developed in Belarus after 1991, but the formation of a group of prominent regime-linked businessmen has accelerated in recent years. They owe their influence to informal concessions from the regime to do business in selected sectors of the economy. They often do not take over state property but act as intermediaries, earning a hefty commission for doing so. They also operate in the criminal sphere, primarily involving the large-scale smuggling of goods into Russia and the European Union. This article aims to show the evolution and specifics of big business in Belarus. The growing capital potential of big Belarusian businessmen, estimated at a dozen or so, and their rising influence on the economic decisions made by the authorities while maintaining total political loyalty, make it justified to call at least some of them oligarchs. The system emerging in Belarus bears certain similarities to some post-Soviet oligarchic systems while having its own distinctive features. The accumulated capital and contacts give at least some of the emerging Belarusian oligarchs a good starting position for taking a front seat in a possible future political transformation, should the conditions arise for that to begin.

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Korol, Maryna, Olena Bazhenova, Ihor Korol, Grygoriy Starchenko, Volodymyr Bazhenov et Oksana Banna. « REALITIES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UKRAINIAN BANKING SYSTEM ». Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 3, n^o 44 (10 juillet 2022) : 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.3.44.2022.3766.

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The paper deals with the analysis of the banking system of Ukraine. It is shown that for Ukraine the frequency and depth of crisis phenomena in the banking sector are exacerbated by the raw material orientation of the economy, underdeveloped domestic market and the circulation of foreign currency (dollarization of the economy). It should be noted that in the pre-crisis during 2006-2007, excessive mortgage lending created a "bubble" in the real estate market, which, comparing its devastating effects, corresponded to this phenomenon in the real estate market in the United States. Although the crisis of 2008-2009 demonstrated the vulnerability of the Ukrainian banking system to numerous economic and political upheavals, no significant changes in banking supervision took place to minimize systemic risks. Restoration of the banking system of Ukraine in 2015-2016 is generally in line with post-crisis trends to streamline the banking system and increase its efficiency in the world. At the same time, the weakness of the institutional environment makes it impossible to use both administrative tools and state development banks to increase productive lending in Ukraine. On the other hand, commercial banks will use refinancing loans instead of private-sector savings to lend. In this case, the probability of the need for financial support from banks increases, which will lead to a significant increase in public debt.Moreover, a system of vector autoregression models has been developed to research the impact of crisis periods on the performance of commercial banks in Ukraine. The simulation results (mainly the analysis of impulse response functions) allow concluding that interbank lending in post-crisis conditions recovers relatively rapidly (with a lag of two years). Lending to non-financial corporations and non-residents showed a decline and recovery only within four years after the crisis. Lending to the general government sector is growing every year, but at the same time loans to other resident sectors are declining. In addition, during the year after the crisis, the volume of deposits in the banking system is demonstrating a decrease. Other variables do not show any response to the crisis.

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Zinchenko, V. « New standards of tour service as a factor of Ukraine’s European integration ». Вісник Київського національного лінгвістичного університету. Серія Історія, економіка, філософія, n^o 25 (14 septembre 2022) : 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2412-9321.25.2020.264352.

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The article analyses one of the key factors of tourist services, which is quality of service. This issue has a particular relevance in connection with the process of guiding the tourism industry to global standards, which in turn is an integral part of the general European integration processes of Ukraine, especially in view of granting it the status of a candidate country for EU accession. It is obvious that tourism has become almost the first stage of the European level of service standards for our compatriots.Novelty of the research is systematization of the main periods in achievement of service quality in the conditions of independent Ukraine and new economic relations. The author used and analyzed the system of tourist enterprises “Sputnik”, historically one of the leading founders of modern hospitality industry. An important component of the article is a characteristic of service quality evaluation methods. Given today’s topical issues, an analysis of the main trends in the tourism industry due to the restrictive effects caused by the worldwide coronavirus pandemic, and recommendations for preserving service quality in these conditions are worthy of attention. Of particular value are the conclusions on the preservation of tourism service standards under wartime conditions. Russia’s widespread aggression against Ukraine, has made the tourism industry in our country a global challenge, comprehension of the consequences of which requires a comprehensive analysis and scientific and practical comprehension. Relevance. The key problem of Ukraine’s European integration processes has been and remains the quality of goods (services) produced in our country. The processes of improving it and bringing it in line with global standards is a prerequisite for European integration, as evidenced by the directives of the European Parliament and the EU Council, as well as relevant agreements between the Ukrainian government and the European Commission and decisions to grant Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession.Statement of the Problem. As a consequence, the problem statement of this study is extremely relevant and significant, since it is devoted to quality issues as one of the most important in European integration processes.Research objective. With this research the author makes an attempt to contribute to scientific and theoretical comprehension of tourist services quality factor as an important component on the way to comprehensive European integration of Ukraine. At the same time, practical aspects of this research are important, highlighting the experience of existing tourist structures, formation of certain recommendations to improve quality in the hospitality industry, especially in conditions of force majeure processes.Methodology. To disclose the problem different methods of scientific research are involved, namely analysis, observation, comparison, which are used in the main part of the work.The quality of goods (in the process of its research) is the tourist service) devoted to the works and scientific and methodological publications of a considerable number of scientists and specialists in the field of hospitality industry: Y. Alekseev (features of modern Ukrainian ethnopolitics in the context of European integration issues), N. Alyoshugina (problems of creating a tourist image of Ukraine), R. Gischuk (determination of tourism impact on development and management of hospitality infrastructure in a crisis period), V. Kifiak (advantages and problems of development of hotel infrastructure in Ukraine), V. Zinchenko, E. Dubczak (problems of force majeure impact on the hospitality industry).However, despite the large number of works, the issue of quality, and tourism services in particular, in today’s realities, especially in relation to the restrictive measures triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and the actual state of war remains extremely relevant and requires further scientific reflection.It is the need for additional scientific understanding of the concept of quality of tourism services as a factor of European integration processes that led to the results of the work in part:− systematization of the main periods of service quality development under conditions of independent Ukraine and new economic relations, which became possible in the period after 1991;− forming characteristics of modern trends in tourism and key concepts of quality, their relationship to international standards;− To analyze ways of preserving the quality of tourism services in connection with the restrictive effects caused by the world pandemic coronavirus and a state of war.Prospects for further research. Taking into account that the declared topic on the quality of tourist services is a rather broad concept, it would be reasonable to study separately the quality of its components, namely hotel service and catering, transport service, excursion component.All this could be the subject of separate studies.Taking the criteria of the EU countries’ achievements in these issues, it would be appropriate to use a comparative research method and focus on the characterization of the quality issue.

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Markovska, O., M. Maliarchuk et V. Maliarchuk. « Modelling of humus balance under different systems of basic tillage and soil fertilization in crop rotations ». Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, n^o 5 (20 octobre 2020) : 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_246.

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Over the course of 2007-2015, the department of the irrigated agriculture had been conducting research in the area of the Ingulets irrigation system on the experimental fields of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS), which were established in 1996, with the aim to develop and scientifically substantiate agroecological and technological methods for crop rotations on the irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine that will ensure soil fertility, increase crop productivity, economic and energetic efficiency. In 2007-2010, studies were conducted to substantiate the systems of basic tillage using different ploughing tools. The 4-field grain-row crop rotation 1 included winter wheat with post-harvest cultivation of millet, corn, soybeans and spring rape. Five studied systems of basic tillage differed in methods, techniques and the depth of soil loosening. In 2011-2015, grain-row crop rotation 2 entailed soybeans, instead of spring rape seed, and winter barley with post-harvest cultivation of millet, instead of winter wheat. Five studied systems of basic tillage differed in the depth of soil loosening and non-renewable energy costs for their implementation. Experiments were performed under conditions of two organo-mineral fertilizer systems using by-products of crop rotation, fertilizer application in doses of N75P60; N97, 5P60 and inoculation of soybeans with microbial compounds. Following crop rotations 1 and 2, a decrease in humus content within the 0-40 cm soil layer to the level of 1976, 110.2-114.4 t/ha, was observed. To prevent further decline in humus content, an optimization model was developed by capping specific weight of soybeans in short-term crop rotation 25%, stubble plowing the stem and leaf mass of crops as well as applying fertilizer quantities corresponding to the expected yields. With the help of mathematical modelling, it was determined that the retention of post-harvest plant remains in soil and the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased humus content in soil used for growing rape by 0.3%, winter wheat – by 0.7%, and corn – by 0.9%.

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Bilenko, Yuriy. « ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BETWEEN TWO GLOBAL CRISES AND BEYOND ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, n^o 4 (30 novembre 2022) : 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-4-8-18.

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The aim of the article is to assess the factors of economic growth of the CEE countries over the 30-year history, the productivity of capital and human resources, the resilience of these countries to the negative impact of the global financial crisis. Methodology. The Solow growth model was used to estimate the growth rates of capital, labor and total factor productivity (TFP). The impact of macroeconomic indicators on GDP and TFP growth is assessed. The group of Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union was chosen for the analysis: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, as well as post-Soviet European countries: Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Moldova and Albania in the period from 1991 to 2019. Results. TFP makes a significant contribution to the economic growth of CEE countries. During the period of market reforms, TFP significantly decreased, and during the boom of 2000-2008 it fully ensured the growth of the CEE economies, after the crisis of 2008, the contribution of TFP decreased by 2 times. In the conditions of recovery, TFP growth is positively influenced by inflation, negative CA balance, and unemployment reduction. In the post-crisis period, a decrease in inflation, a positive CA balance, and an increase in unemployment had a positive impact on TFP growth. During a depression, the influence of capital becomes dominant. Restrictive monetary policy contributes to the efficiency of CEE economies. In the short run, unemployment increases, but in the long run it decreases significantly due to the growth of investment and exports. Practical implications. The analysis makes it possible to identify effective macroeconomic policies to stimulate the productivity of the economies of Central and Eastern Europe during the period of economic recovery and depression. Value/originality. A long-term study of the economic performance of CEE countries using the Solow methodology has revealed the behavior of total factor productivity in different periods of modern economic history and its contribution to economic growth.

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Ianovska, S. « The development of Ukrainian entrepreneurs way of life : personal vector ». Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 27, n^o 3 (29 juin 2018) : 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.3.02.

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The definition of lifestyle in psychology is traditionally associated with various aspects of the development of personality and social groups. The way of life depends not only on objective social factors, but also on a person himself, on what external and internal activity he represents in the objective process of life. Thus, the formation and development of personality is reflected in his activity increasing in preserving or transforming own way of life. One of the main features of the present is the existence of such social group as entrepreneurs. The development of this social group is connected with the formation of the independence of our state and the activation of a certain social stratum of the development of entrepreneurial way of life. Entrepreneurship in Ukraine has been developing ever since 1991. During the years of independence in Ukraine, the socio-economic situation has changed significantly. Favorable socio-economic conditions of the early 2000s have increased the activity of people to transform their own way of life and the realization of entrepreneurial activity. We were interested in how this was reflected in the development of socio-psychological qualities of an individual. The purpose of our research is to determine the socio-psychological peculiarities of the individual in the making a way of life for entrepreneurs at different stages of small business development in independent Ukraine (in the 1990s and in the period from 2010 to 2014). The following methods and techniques were used. 16 PF Kettell (Form C) adaptation A. G. Shmelev, V. I. Pohilko, A. S. Solovaychik, the method of personal differentiation (V. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golinkina, A. M. Etkind), the method of determining the level of subjective control (V. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golinkina, A. M. Etkind), the method of graphical scaling D. Guilford for determining the level of risk, the test-questionnaire for the diagnosis of the presence and severity degree of the main psychological barriers for entrepreneurship (O. P. Ermolaeva), the method of pair comparisons of L. Terstoun, methods "Self-Cost" and "New social status" O. M. Laktionov, the method of determining the severity of entrepreneurial activity indicators of S. G. Ianovska. Mathematical-statistical processing of results was carried out using a number of mathematical statistics methods (Mann-Whitney U-criterion, Student's t-criterion). A comparative analysis of the socio-psychological qualities of entrepreneur’s personality at different stages of small business development in Ukraine revealed that the transformation that has occurred over the time is manifested in the following features: increasing the role of the communicative unit of a personality profile of an entrepreneurial entity, increasing the internal locus of control and the value of economic wealth values in regulating the entrepreneurial activity. The role of the professional component of entrepreneurial professional activity is changing: the importance of professional knowledge and special training in running business is growing. The results of the study were used to create a training program for the development of entrepreneurial activity, which was implemented during the last year in work with internal immigrants and start-uppers.

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Havryliuk, Oleksii. « Differential and non-differential urbanization in Ukraine during the soviet and post-soviet era ». Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, n^o 55 (1 décembre 2021) : 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-55-11.

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Formulation of the problem. To date, there are several concepts for the phased development of urban systems of various scales. But most of these urban development models are created in Western scientific schools of human geography. These models help to identify the stages of urban development in the socio-economic and political conditions of these countries. However, these models often cannot cleanly identify the stages of urban development in post-socialist and post-Soviet countries, and especially in their previous socialist or Soviet periods. Since the 1990s, Ukraine has been in a demographic crisis, which significantly distorts the perception of researchers about the processes of urbanization in its territory. Therefore, it is important to study the trends of urbanization in Ukraine through the prism of the concepts of stage-cyclical urban development. The comparison of the results with international trends and cases is also of high relevance. Based on these motives, this article tests the differential urbanization model as one of the key models of stage-evolutionary development of urban systems of higher hierarchical levels. The purpose of the article: (1) to investigate the peculiarities of the development of urbanization processes in Ukraine during 1959-2019; (2) to rethink the conceptual basis of the differential urbanization model and methodological approaches to its testing in Ukraine; (3) to identify Soviet and post-Soviet patterns of urban development in Ukraine based on the results of identification of stages of the differential urbanization model; (4) to compare the results of testing the differential urbanization model in Ukraine with the cases from other countries. Methodology. Based on the theory of the differential urbanization model and the experience of testing this model in other countries, certain methodological approaches were elaborated to test this concept at the national scale in Ukraine, namely (a) fixed sizes of urban centres, (b) two types of demographic indicators (rate of population growth and net migration rate) are used to identify the stages of differential urbanization, (c) calculations are based on official census data in Ukraine and inter-census estimates of migration and population. Results. Empirical results indicate that urban development in Ukraine during 1959-2019, within the differential urbanization model, had several restarts, due to crisis processes of deconcentration of the population and crisis patterns of non-differential urbanization. The great or the first cycle of differential urbanization has been recorded since 1959, after the Second World War, as in 1959-1970 the initial stage of urbanization was identified. In 1970-1979, urban development entered the advanced stage of urbanization, which lasted until 1989. In 1989-1992, the initial stage of polarization reversal was observed in Ukraine. The crisis stage of non-differential urbanization started after 1992, when all categories of urban centres began to rapidly lose their population (for example, the same situation was observed in Estonia in the 1990s). Unfortunately, it was not possible to record migration trends in 1992-2002 due to the lack of a quality statistical base, and for this reason the end of the crisis stage cannot be clearly identified. Starting from 2002-2004, there was a restart of the advanced stage of urbanization, which prevailed until 2005-2007. During the World Economic Crisis (2008-2010), a crisis stage of counter-urbanization was recorded, which indicates a certain crisis deconcentration of the population of urban centres (for example, the same situation was recorded in the former West Germany and Russia during the socio-political and military crises of the first half XX century). A new restart of Ukrainian urbanization within the framework of the differential urbanization model took place in 2011-2013, when the advanced stage of large urban centres was identified. However, since 2014 in Ukraine the crisis pattern of non-differential urbanization has been fixed due to the aggravation of crisis processes in the socio-economical life of the country and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war in Donbas. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Based on the results of previous research, a hybrid methodological approach to testing the differential urbanization model at the national scale was created, which was tested in Ukraine. The results of testing the differential urbanization model using the hybrid methodological approach indicate the temporary extramodelity and diversity of urban development in Ukraine. In general, with stable economic and political systems, administrative-territorial integrity, and open access to demographic data, the differential urbanization model can be used for certain forecasting and further programming of urban development both at the national level and at the level of polycentric urban regions.

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Shadurski, Victor. « Три десятилетия суверенитета Республики Беларусь (1991–2021) : точка невозврата не пройдена ». Wschodnioznawstwo 16 (20 décembre 2022) : 395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20827695wsc.22.023.16772.

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W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono zarys analizy rozwoju Białorusi po uzyskaniu suwerenności państwowej. Po ostatecznym rozpadzie ZSRR (XII 1991) Białoruś miała możliwość samodzielnego kształtowania swojej polityki wewnętrznej i zagranicznej. Młode państwo, zyskując szybkie międzynarodowe uznanie, zaczęło realizować zasadę trójpodziału władzy, angażować aktywnych obywateli w dyskusję na temat perspektyw rozwoju kraju. Autor podejmuje próbę wyjaśnienia przyczyn transformacji Białorusi z republiki parlamentarnej w państwo autorytarne. W przedstawionych rozważaniach stwierdza się, że stopniowe wprowadzanie autorytarnych metod rządzenia na początkowym etapie było popierane przez znaczną część społeczeństwa. W warunkach niskiej kultury politycznej w kraju, niepokojące procesy autorytaryzmu uznawane były za czasowe trudności etapu przejściowego od spadku totalitarnego do demokracji. Ustanowienie na Białorusi dyktatury osobistej doprowadziło do stopniowej degradacji wiodących struktur państwowych. Spośród przyczyn chęci przywrócenia sowieckiego ustroju przez liczną część społeczeństwa białoruskiego wyróżnić należy słabe zaangażowanie Białorusinów w odbudowę państwa narodowego, podziały tożsamościowe, brak strategii jednoczącej społeczeństwo przed współczesnymi wyzwaniami. W artykule postawiono tezę, że negatywną rolę w rozwoju Białorusi odgrywały rosyjskie elity polityczne, które w rzeczywistości nie uznawały suwerenności państwa białoruskiego, negowały tożsamość Białorusinów, języka białoruskiego, kultury i narracje historyczne. Prosowieckie i prorosyjskie poglądy Łukaszenki zachęcały Kreml do ustanowienia kontroli nad państwem białoruskim. W lutym 2022 r. Moskwa wykorzystała terytorium Białorusi do inwazji na Ukrainę, kwestionując niepodległość państwa ościennego. Masowe protesty na Białorusi przeciwko rażącemu fałszowaniu wyborów prezydenckich (VIII 2020) pokazały, że białoruskie społeczeństwo odrzuca autorytarny reżim, a także prowadzoną dotychczas politykę wewnętrzną i zagraniczną. Władza Łukaszenki dążąc do wyjścia z głębokiego kryzysu, położyła główny nacisk na brutalne represje wobec protestujących obywateli. Obecna strategia władz naraża państwo białoruskie na całkowitą utratę suwerenności. Three decades of sovereignty of the Republic of Belarus (1991–2021): the point of no return not passed The presented publication provides a brief analysis of the development of Belarus after the gaining of state sovereignty. After the final collapse of the USSR (XII 1991), Belarus had the opportunity to independently shape its domestic and foreign policy. The young state, having received rapid international recognition, began to put into practice the division of branches of government, to involve active citizens in a discussion about the prospects for the the country. The author tries to find out the reasons for the transformation of Belarus from a parliamentary republic to an authoritarian state that began after the first presidential elections (VII 1994). It is argued that this transition at the initial stage enjoyed the support of the majority of the population, who, in conditions of low political culture, associated the socio-economic difficulties of the transition stage with democratic transformations. The establishment of a personal dictatorship in Belarus has led to the gradual degradation of the main state structures. The researcher sees the main reason for the desire of many Belarusians to return to the Soviet order in the incompleteness of the Belarusian nation-building, in the split of society into several identity groups, in the absence of a collective strategy for finding answers to the challenges of the time. The article emphasizes the thesis that the Russian leadership played a negative role in the development of Belarus, which in practice did not recognize the independence of the post-Soviet state, denied the uniqueness of the Belarusian language, culture and historical narratives. Lukashenko’s pro-Soviet and pro-Russian views were supported by the Kremlin, which, under the guise of various support, sought to establish control over the Belarusian regime. In February 2022, Moscow used the territory of Belarus to invade Ukraine, greatly questioning the sovereignty of the neighboring country. Mass protests in Belarus against the gross falsification of the presidential elections (VIII 2020) demonstrated that the Belarusian society rejects the authoritarian regime, its domestic and foreign policy. The regime, in its actions to get out of the deep crisis, placed the main emphasis on brutal repression against dissent. This makes the future of the Belarusian state poorly predictable, makes it dependent on many internal and external circumstances.

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Georgiieva, Mariia. « Transformation of Production Relations in the Agricultural Sector of the Economy of Bulgaria in the Euro-Integration Conditions ». European Historical Studies, n^o 13 (2019) : 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.13.8-24.

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On the basis of archival sources and studies of Bulgarian historians, the peculiarities of changes in production relations and productivity of the agrarian sector of the Bulgarian economy in the context of European integration are revealed. It is analyzed which sectors of agriculture developed, and which, on the contrary, were in a state of stagnation. In the process of Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union, the agrarian sector of the economy needed modernization of the management system and the reform of production relations.In the Bulgarian countryside, during the period of 1990-2007, a process of reforming agricultural production relations was taking place, accompanied by the conditions of European integration, which, in turn, led to the need for transformation of all spheres of agriculture in the country. One of the most important was the agrarian sphere. During the period of 1944 – 1989, the transformation in the agrarian sector of agricultural commodity production was rather controversial: the imperfection of land reform, namely land privatization, intensive process of agricultural co-operation, led to the creation of gaps in the development of all spheres of the agrarian sector. With the integration of Bulgaria into the European Union, the issue of harmonization of the agricultural production sector with the requirements of the European Union in the field of intensification of agricultural development and promotion of trade with the European Union with agrarian products became important. Given the current state of European integration processes in Ukraine, a comprehensive study of the historical conditions of the agricultural reforms in agriculture, which will allow us to analyze the problems and determine the prospects for its development on the path of integration into the European economic space, is relevant.

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Skyrda, Tetiana. « FORMATION OF ACADEMIC MOBILITY FOR FUTURE BACHELORS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS : THE CONTEXT OF BOLOGNA'S REFORMS ». Educational Discourse : collection of scientific papers, n^o 17(10) (25 novembre 2019) : 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.17(10)-5.

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Among the peculiarities of the professional training of future bachelors in international relations in NAU are the following: a focus on a high level of fundamental and practical training; formation of general and specific competences of a future specialist in the field of international economic, legal and information activity; providing up-to-date knowledge of the basic principles and norms of international business and law; providing deep knowledge of the theory and practice of international relations, acquiring the skills to successful advancement into the world markets with the competitive national products, analysis of market conditions, formation of foreign language competence. Analysis of the documents of the Bologna process, including the Bologna Joint Declaration (Italy, 1999), the Copenhagen Declaration (Denmark, 2001), the Bergen Communiqué (Norway, 2005), the London Communiqué (United Kingdom, 2007), the Leuven Communiqué (Belgium, 2009), Budapest The Vienna Declaration (Hungary Austria, 2010), the materials of the Bucharest Conference and the Third Bologna Forum (Romania, 2012), the Paris Communiqué (France, 2018), indicate that mobility is one of its important goals and tools. The documents of the Bologna Process, as well as the legislative and legal support of Ukraine, create the basis for the formation of academic mobility of NAU students, including bachelors in international relations.

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Osiyevska, Olena. « Scientific Study of Metropolitanate of Kyiv Documents in the Synodal Period as an Information Source ». Ukrainian Journal on Library and Information Science, n^o 10 (28 décembre 2022) : 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7654.10.2022.269472.

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Nowadays, archival materials related to functioning of Metropolitanate of Kyiv form a significant part of the entire National Archival Fund of Ukraine. They contain information considering not only purely church life, but also matters of cultural, social, economic and political nature. This article examines the process of implementing Metropolitanate of Kyiv documents into scientific circulation, as well as highlights hindrances faced by scientists in different periods – imperial, Soviet, modern. The aim of the article is to reveal the process of scientists’ research of Metropolitanate of Kyiv documents as an information source during the 19th and the early 21st cent. The research methodology grounds on the application of general and special methods. Among the general methods, the most effective are dialectical and logical ones, which are used to clarify the connection between social processes and scientific studies. Among the special methods, the historical and comparative ones are chosen, which give the opportunity to track the process of studying Metropolitanate of Kyiv documents as an information source and achievements in this direction during different chronological periods. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt to generalise and clarify conditions and peculiarities of researching the documents informational potential of Metropolitanate of Kyiv in the Synodal period. Conclusions. There can be singled out three main periods during which, to one degree or another, researchers paid attention to and actualised the informational potential of mentioned above archival sources. The first period – from the end of the 18th cent. to the beginning of the 20th cent. – had the character of initial studying and implementing into scientific circulation some certain documents, to a lesser extent these were document complexes of Metropolitanate of Kyiv. The second period was already the time of the Soviet power system functioning in 1920– 1991. The third period of studying these documents as an information source dates back to the times of Ukrainian Independence after the USSR collapse, since 1991.

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Demko, Valentyna. « Prerequisites for the development of green tourism : global, national and regional dimensions ». Regional Economy, n^o 2(92) (2019) : 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2019-2-10.

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The article dwells on generalization of object estimation of green tourism development in the system of its complex analysis. Objective assessment covers the economic, social and cultural aspects of the analysis and involves taking into account the impact of global and national trends in tourism development. The specifics and advantages of green tourism development as a sphere of employment, realization of business potential, use of resource and ethno-cultural features of territories are determined. The analysis of global trends of tourism development, which forms the general tendencies in the market of tourist services, is carried out. There is a significant increase in the number of international tourists in the world: if in 1950 their share in the total world population was 1.0%, then in 2017 it reached 17.5%. The state of the tourism industry in Ukraine from the point of view of possibilities of green tourism development is analyzed. The dynamics of tourism development at the national level shows that the growth of the number of arrivals of foreign tourists for the period of 2000-2017 was 2.2 times, with the peak values of the indicator observed in the “pre-crisis” 2008 and 2013, and for the number of tourists leaving Ukraine – 2.0 times with even stronger dynamics and slight contraction in the periods 2007-2008 and 2013-2014. The dynamics of inbound tourism clearly demonstrates the sensitivity of the industry in the international market before the crisis. In this regard, the potential development of specific types of tourism, as green, with a reference point for a foreign consumer, is possible under conditions of stable financial, economic and political situation. The paper shows that the declining dynamics of domestic tourists in the context of the prospects for the development of green tourism can be considered from two points: as a flaw - reducing the number of domestic tourists reduces the demand for tourism services and complicates the development of green tourism with the offer of a specific tourist product; as a challenge - with a decrease in the number of domestic tourists the market is at the stage of cyclical development, which allows, under the condition of stimulating green tourism, to occupy a significant niche in the formation of a national (regional) tourism product specialized in the relevant services. The regional peculiarities of tourism development in Ukraine with the prospect of regionalization of the industry regulation and targeted support of green tourism are revealed. According to official statistics, the leading regions for the main indicators of tourism development are Kyiv, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv regions. The differentiation of the market for tourist services determines the need for regionalization of tourism development in Ukraine. Stimulating the development of green tourism should be based on regional and local specifics.

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