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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Tyrol (Austria) – History – 19th century"
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Kerschner, Hanns. « Statistical modelling of equilibrium-line altitudes of Hintereisferner, central Alps, Austria, 1859–present ». Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997) : 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) are reconstructed for Hintereisferner, Tyrol, Austria, using temperature and precipitation records for the period from 1859 to the present. The basic idea is to calibrate simple statistical models using observations of the ELA over the period 1964–92. Results are compared with those of Kuhn’s glacial–meteorological model of ELA fluctuations. Correlation coefficients between observed and predicted ELAs arc 0.91 for the glacial–meteorological model and 0.98 for the multiple regression model. The calibrated model allows backward extrapolation of the ELA from the longer climatic records (‘Austrian Temperature Series” since 1775; precipitation at Marienberg, South Tyrol, since 1858). ELAs after the glacier maximum of the 1850s were rather high until the 1870s, when they show a trend towards lower values. The lowest values, about 200 m lower than the “1850” average, were finally reached in 1912–14. During the years 1907–26, the ELA of Hintereisferner was lower than the “1850” average in 13 out of 20 years. This led to the widespread glacier advance of the 1920s in the Alps. After this, the ELA rose constantly, reaching its highest value in 1947. From the early 1950s until 1980 there was a trend towards lower ELAs again, which has been succeeded by a period of very high ELAs. The period from the late 1920s to the early 1960s was the longest period of almost constantly high ELAs since the middle of the 19th century.
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Kerschner, Hanns. « Statistical modelling of equilibrium-line altitudes of Hintereisferner, central Alps, Austria, 1859–present ». Annals of Glaciology 24 (1997) : 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) are reconstructed for Hintereisferner, Tyrol, Austria, using temperature and precipitation records for the period from 1859 to the present. The basic idea is to calibrate simple statistical models using observations of the ELA over the period 1964–92. Results are compared with those of Kuhn’s glacial–meteorological model of ELA fluctuations. Correlation coefficients between observed and predicted ELAs arc 0.91 for the glacial–meteorological model and 0.98 for the multiple regression model. The calibrated model allows backward extrapolation of the ELA from the longer climatic records (‘Austrian Temperature Series” since 1775; precipitation at Marienberg, South Tyrol, since 1858). ELAs after the glacier maximum of the 1850s were rather high until the 1870s, when they show a trend towards lower values. The lowest values, about 200 m lower than the “1850” average, were finally reached in 1912–14. During the years 1907–26, the ELA of Hintereisferner was lower than the “1850” average in 13 out of 20 years. This led to the widespread glacier advance of the 1920s in the Alps. After this, the ELA rose constantly, reaching its highest value in 1947. From the early 1950s until 1980 there was a trend towards lower ELAs again, which has been succeeded by a period of very high ELAs. The period from the late 1920s to the early 1960s was the longest period of almost constantly high ELAs since the middle of the 19th century.
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Kotova, Elena. « The German Question in the Foreign Policy of the Austrian Empire in 1850—1866 ». ISTORIYA 12, no 6 (104) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016050-4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For centuries, the House of Austria (the Habsburgs) maintained its leadership in the Holy Roman Empire, and later in the German Union. But in the middle of the 19th century the situation changed, Austria lost its position in Germany, lost to Prussia in the struggle for hegemony. The article examines what factors influenced such an outcome of the German question, what policy Austria pursued in the 50—60s of the 19th century, what tasks it set for itself. The paper traces the relationship between the domestic and foreign policy of Austria. Economic weakness and political instability prevented the monarchy from pursuing a successful foreign policy. The multinational empire could not resist the challenge of nationalism and prevent the unification of Italy and Germany. Difficult relations with France and Russia, inconsistent policy towards the Middle German states largely determined this outcome. The personal factor was also important. None of the Austrian statesmen could resist such an outstanding politician as Bismarck.
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Barovic, Vladimir, et Ljubomir Zuber. « Jovan Pavlovic as a liberalism paradigm in the history of Serbian press ». Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no 161 (2017) : 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1761013b.
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This paper is focused on a celebrated Serbian journalist and liberal, Jovan Pavlovic, who founded and edited, in the second half of the 19th century, the following newspapers: Pancevac, Granicar and Novi Granicar. Pavlovic turned his newspapers into the most militant and the most liberal media printed in Serbian language in Austria-Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. This paper analyzes the beginnings of Serbian liberal thought and individuals who were significant for the development of liberal ideas in the 19th century. The work of Vladimir Jovanovic and other liberals in Serbia has been considered, including the influence of Svetozar Markovic and Serbian liberals in Austria-Hungary. The authors analyzed Pavlovic?s articles in Zastava, Pancevac, Granicar, and Novi Granicar. Pavlovic?s newspapers supported very liberal and militant attitudes unlike other printed media throughout the history of Serbian journalism. Pavlovic was very incisive when writing in anticlerical spirit, and in many of his articles he criticized church hierarchy. The Eastern question was also extensively dealt with in his articles. In the history of Serbian journalism, Jovan Pavlovic has been remembered as a great supporter of human rights, national liberation and emancipation, as well as a significant representative of liberal ideas.
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Ragozin, German. « The Emergence of Habsburgs in Early Works of Joseph von Hormayr ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no 3 (2022) : 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.310.
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The paper deals with the issue of emergence of the Austrian historical myth in the early 19th century. The identity crisis in Austria, Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg possessions due to the French revolution and collapse of the “Old empire” brought a discussion on loyalty towards dynasty, throne, and the state. Relations of Habsburgs with their non-Germanic realms also underwent a transformation connected with the creation of the Austrian empire in 1804. Intellectuals in the early 19th century Vienna were faced with the challenge to revisit the remains of the old model of identity and relationships between the state and the society in a new context. The new model combining romanticism and conservatism pursued to find a model of “natural” relations between the sovereign, state and society. Joseph von Hormayr was the author of concepts for Austrian history, Habsburg dynasty, and its relations with the society in the early 19th century. He justified them with legitimism, dynastic patriotism, and general historical memory. “The Austrian Plutarch” made an impact on Austrian historical memory in the 19th century. The images of early Habsburgs were supposed to demonstrate the role of monarchy in the success of the state, social stability, and European balance. The essays showed the moral right of the dynasty to leadership in Germany and Central Europe. Hormayr disseminated the concepts of “Austrian freedom” in the Empire, “putting an end to the anarchy”, consistent centralization of Southern-eastern German areas, and its support from estates. The sovereigns appeared both in the image of mobilization figures for the duchy and neighboring countries, and possessors of the personal features turning Austria into the Empire later.
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Antonelli, Mauro, et Siegfried Ludwig Sporer. « The History of Eyewitness Testimony and the Foundations of the "Lie Detector" in Austria and Italy ». RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA, no 1 (avril 2021) : 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2021-001003.
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Although little known, the theoretical and methodological roots of lie detection, in particular of the development of the so-called "lie detector", must be placed in central Europe, in particular in Germany, Austria, and later in Italy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Focusing on Austria and Italy, we trace this development from Hans Gross in Austria to Vittorio Benussi and his pupil Cesare L. Musatti in Italy. Benussi, initially active at the University of Graz and later at the University of Padua, was the mediating link between the Austrian and Italian legal psychology tradition.
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Havlíček, Marek, Aleš Vyskočil, Martin Caletka, Zbyněk Sviták, Miriam Dzuráková, Hana Skokanová et Marta Šopáková. « History of Using Hydropower in the Moravice River Basin, Czechia ». Water 14, no 6 (15 mars 2022) : 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060916.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Water-powered facilities (WPFs) have traditionally been a pillar of the economy and social development. Therefore, the state took an interest in having these objects recorded and mapped in relevant maps and registers. This article focuses on identifying and localizing WPFs in the Moravice River basin in the so-called Sudetenland, Czechia, between the years 1763 and 2021. Specifically, the evolution and (dis)continuity of the WPFs are assessed through an analysis of cartographic and archival sources, reflecting the wider socioeconomic and demographic context as explanatory variables. The cartographic sources included old military topographic maps of Austria-Hungary and Czechoslovakia from four periods (the mid-18th century, mid-19th century, end of the 19th century, and mid-20th century) on the one hand and two state water-powered facility registers from 1930 and 1953 on the other. The archival sources included funds from regional and state archives. The results show that the count of WPFs peaked during the 19th century, after which there occurred a steep decline caused by societal and economic changes, namely, the expulsion of the local German population, nationalization in the postwar period, and economic and organizational transformations in the socialist era. Special attention is paid to hydropower plants, whose evolution reflects the outlined economic processes.
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Hechenblaikner, Verena. « Die Veränderung des alpinen Schutzhüttenbaus vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert ». historia.scribere, no 12 (15 juin 2020) : 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.12.610.
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Changes in Alpine shelter construction from the 19th to the 21st century. A contribution to the environmental history of Western AustriaThe following paper provides a chronological overview of Alpine shelter construction in Western Austria from the 19th to the 21st century. It examines the ambivalent role the “Alpenverein” has played in this Alpine development and scrutinizes its changing attitude to nature conservation. In doing so, the paper argues that different shelter constructions and the discussions surrounding them might be regarded as indicators of a general change in environmental awareness.
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Boček, Martin. « Cunard Line and its operations within the Habsburg Monarchy ». Zgodovinski časopis 75, no 3-4 (28 décembre 2021) : 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56420/zgodovinskicasopis.2021.3-4.05.
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The article depicts and analyses shipping in the Habsburg Monarchy. It is closely related to the overseas companies, one of which was Cunard Line. This shipping company was founded in the 19th century and as one of the fi rst with other shipping companies occupied an important position in emigration traffi c from the European continent. Thanks to the established shipping lines to North American ports, especially to New York, the company soon began the focus on the transport of migrants from Austria-Hungary and could also build large steamboats designed for migration transport.
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Strelko, Oleh, et Oksana Pylypchuk. « Characteristics of unpaved roads in the late 18th century – early 19th century, and the design of the first wooden trackway as a forerunner to the Bukovyna railways ». History of science and technology 11, no 2 (12 décembre 2021) : 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-437-452.
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In the history of Bukovinian social life in the 1840–1850s, an important role is played by the fierce struggle for the introduction of rail transport. This struggle took place in the deepening crisis of the feudal system and the development of capitalism in the Austrian Empire. Primitive medieval methods of transporting goods and passengers by waterways and unpaved roads, which for centuries met the needs of feudal Bukovyna, became a brake on the economic, social and political progress of the Bukovyna region. The beginning of the transport revolution in England had a huge public response in Austria-Hungary. The rapidly developing relationship between scientists and engineers from Austria, Western Europe and America in this period made a large contribution to the process, as the newest means of transportation were spreading in the early 19th century, first of all, in the industrialized regions of Europe. These regions had enough funds for the construction of roads because they could develop different methods of production. Today we are mostly interested in the projects of construction of typical means of transportation on agricultural lands with practically no industry. In the early 19th century, Bukovyna was one of them. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly analyze unpaved roads of the late 18th – early 19th century, as well as the project of the first wooden trackway as the forerunner of the Bukovyna railways. To achieve this purpose, the authors first reviewed how railways were constructed in the Austrian Empire during 1830s – 1850s. Then, in contrast with the first railway networks that emerged and developed in the Austrian Empire, the authors made an analysis of the condition and characteristics of unpaved roads in Bukovyna. The government's attention to Bukovyna's roads was explained by their military, economic and political significance for the Austrian Empire by the end of the 18th – early 19th century. There was a number of state trackways built on the territory of Bukovyna which crossed the region and ensured the military interconnection of two Austrian provinces named – Galicia and Transylvania, as well as approached the borders of the Russian Empire and the Danube principalities. At the same time, they helped to restore the suspended trade flow in Bukovyna. In addition, the authors considered the first attempt to create a wooden trackway as a prototype and predecessor of the Bukovyna railway. It is evident that such an idea played a significant role in shaping the development strategy of the region in the minds of Austrian and Bukovinian officials, and became a forerunner for main and regional railways in Bukovyna.
Thèses sur le sujet "Tyrol (Austria) – History – 19th century"
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Halbwidl, Dieter Anton. « The teaching of history at the Habsburg Universities of Vienna, Graz and Innsbruck, compared to Padova and Pavia between 1848 and 1855 / ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ44449.pdf.
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Clayden, Mark John. « Music, timbre, colour in fin-de-Siècle Vienna : Zemlinsky, Schreker, Schoenberg ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:73c4d92f-5754-43d0-b07d-31975ad0539c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Timbre and orchestration are neglected parameters in analytical writing, partly because analysis traditionally privileges pitch organisation as the primary structural parameter in music, but also because timbre appears more resistant than pitch to theoretical abstraction and systematisation. Yet, in the music of early twentieth-century Viennese composers such as Schreker, Zemlinsky and Schoenberg, timbre often assumes a pre-eminent place in musical design and formal architecture. In such works, timbre often moves from what Robert Hopkins (1990) describes as a 'secondary parameter' to the forefront of a listener's consciousness. Conventional analytical approaches - including Schenkerian, Neo-Riemannian or pitch-class set theories - arguably have little to offer at such moments. This thesis begins by examining the 'crisis of response' to timbre in fin-de-siècle Austro-Germanic circles and, in particular, to the increasingly complex timbral constructions of many Viennese composers, such as Franz Schreker and Arnold Schoenberg. The crisis of response appeared to stem from an inherited nineteenth-century view of orchestration as ornamental in function, as well as the lack of an appropriate analytical framework and meta-language with which to critique the growing importance of timbre as a musical parameter. This thesis contributes to the discussion as to the how the area of timbral analysis might develop: firstly, by treating timbre as an 'emergent' property rather than an absolute analytical category (i.e., that timbre often results from a complex interaction of multiple musical parameters); secondly, by considering the effect of timbre's spatial properties within the auditory scene on subject-position through examination of contemporary and more recent theories on the convergence of the visual and auditory arts; and thirdly, through timbre's ability to function as an agent of immanent musical critique through disjunctive juxtapositions, or by historically-contextualized responses to codified orchestral tropes as found in Alexander Zemlinsky's 'Der Zwerg'. Timbre certainly was not always the secondary parameter some fin-de-siècle critics suggested it was, or wanted it to be. The joint purpose of this thesis is to offer historically-engaged analytical readings of neglected works from twentieth-century Vienna (alongside a few better-known works whose timbral construction had been left unanalyzed), and to reflect on the benefits of applying recent research to contemporary theories of timbre. These two aims are set in productive counterpoint rather than a straightforward synthesis, with the adoption of recent cognitive research and theories of subject-position feeding into analyses of historical work in order to try to mediate the gap between theory, text, and musical practice.
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Kostera, Thomas. « When Europa meets Bismarck : cross-border healthcare and usages of Europe in the Austrian healthcare system ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209268.
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In a series of landmark rulings on patient mobility and cross-border healthcare, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has made clear that Member States’ healthcare systems have to comply with the rules of the EU’s Internal Market when it comes to individual patient rights and the non-discrimination of healthcare providers. The rulings increased the possibilities for EU Member State citizens to get medical treatment in another Member State (“cross-border healthcare”), yet providing that under certain conditions the home Member State has to pay for these treatments in the other country. After a decade of negotiations, these rulings have been codified in a European Directive. Assuming that European integration has an impact on national welfare states and taking the example of European rules on access to cross-border healthcare, this thesis suggests analyzes the domestic impact of European integration in terms of Europeanization of the Austrian healthcare system within the context of the interplay between actors’ interests and practices on the one hand, and institutional effects on the other. European cross-border healthcare in forms of regional projects and privately or publicly organized healthcare arrangements has already become a reality in many European countries, especially in border regions. The main research questions which guides this thesis can be be put as follows: How does European integration in healthcare impact on the interests, practices and strategies of national actors that operate between national institutional constraints and European opportunities? And if national actors’ interests and strategies change, does this in turn have repercussions on the national institutional rules of healthcare governance? Given that European integration in healthcare delivery is a rather a “recent” phenomenon, and based on the assumption that actors’ strategies change more easily than national institutions, the following hypothesis is tested: Even if national healthcare actors use Europe – and hence their practices and strategies change – their interests remain largely determined by the national institutional set-up of the healthcare system. The institutional boundaries of the national healthcare system may have become porous, but for the time being they remain intact. The main findings of this study confirm the hypothesis and can be summarized as follows: Austrian actors responsible for the delivery of healthcare actively integrate various usages Europe into their existing practices of healthcare governance. These usages of Europe are more frequent at European level than at national level. Those actors who have important legal competencies, financial resources, and hence power in healthcare governance at national level, are also in a better position to use Europe effectively than those actors who lack such national resources. Limited usages of Europe at national level by corporate actors can best be accounted for by practices of consensually governing a typically Bismarckian healthcare system. None of the actors analysed, no matter how critical their stance vis-à-vis their own healthcare system might be, puts into question the legitimacy of the national healthcare system in the light of increased European competencies in regulating cross-border healthcare. Advancing European integration, mainly through the ECJ’s rulings on cross-border healthcare, might have rendered national institutional boundaries porous, but national institutions retain – at least for the time being – their power of channelling actors’ interests and of influencing corresponding practices of healthcare governance. These results invite us to further investigate which kind of healthcare governance structures are being developed at European level in parallel to those existing at national level, and to what extent Bismarckian welfare regimes might be showing resistance to institutional change induced by European integration.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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COLE, Laurence. « Province and patriotism : German national identity in Tirol in the years 1850-1914 ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5797.
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Defence date: 24 June 1995Examining Board: Prof. David Blackbourn (Harvard University) ; Prof. Josef Ehmer (Co-supervisor, Universität Salzburg) ; Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (Supervisor, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) ; Prof. Miroslav Hroch (Charles University, Prague) ; Prof. Michael Müller (European University Institute)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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SCHÜTZ, Waltraud. « Educational entrepreneurs and the politics of schooling in nineteenth-century Habsburg society ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/55887.
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Defence date: 14 June 2018Examining Board : Professor Pieter M. Judson, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Laura Lee Downs, European University Institute (Second Reader) ; Professor Gabriella Hauch, University of Vienna (External Advisor) ; Professor Gunda Barth-Scalmani, University of Innsbruck
In the Habsburg Empire the implementation of compulsory education in 1774 marked a new era. The development and monitoring of educational measures in the following decades was in the past frequently described as a linear narrative of progress until the present day. However, it was not the desire for educational advancement but social anxieties and economic considerations which were usually the driving force for educational policies as numerous examples in this thesis document. The instilment of morality was seen as an important purpose of education. This focus on morality and a general climate of fear during the period of the Napoleonic Wars provided the basis for educational structures that were effective until the Primary School Law of 1869 and beyond. Policies enacted during this time forced for example factory owners to concern themselves with the education of their child labourers and at the same time opened spaces for men and particularly women to engage in the business of private schooling. Through the critical investigation of a broad variety of sources this thesis shows how different school types developed, from factory schools to finishing schools, and how men and women claimed spaces as experts, from moralizing pamphleteers to women educational activists. By investigating the role of educational entrepreneurs, and tracing the possibilities, limitations and practical consequences of the politics of schooling this thesis provides new insights and adds complexity to our understanding of nineteenth century Habsburg society.
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« Fantasy style and generic mixture in Hummel's keyboard music : towards a reappraisal of a neglected musician's contribution to the development of nineteenth-century musical style ». 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549481.
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胡麥爾(1778-1837)是一位奧地利鋼琴家、作曲家、教師及指揮家，生前與貝 多芬齊名，被譽爲是當時歐洲最重要的鋼琴作曲家之一。可是近代的學者和聽眾對他的評價甚低，認爲他的音樂作品守舊、媚俗、不能登大雅之堂。本文借鑒胡麥爾創作時期的文化背景，重新評價這位被忽視的音樂家對於開 發十九世紀鋼琴音樂所作出的貢獻。十八世紀後期中產階級的興起令音樂會 不斷增加，鋼琴演奏家不但成爲音樂會中的主要角色，而且他們所演奏的 「流行音樂」對於後世鋼琴技巧及音樂創作的發展，有舉足輕重的影響。
胡麥爾的鋼琴作品顯露出嶄新的作曲手法，當中包括較自由的轉調和曲式結 構，以及特別的音形法等，均源自音樂會中常出現的即興演奏，亦即「幻想 曲風格」。胡麥爾在正統器樂體裁的語境中引入幻想曲的技法，展示出流行 曲風格與正統音樂的結合，並開創了混合體裁的先河。其中，幻想曲與奏鳴 曲的混合體裁，對於後世的浪漫派作曲家如簫邦和舒曼等的創作模式尤有啓發。
Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1778-1837) was an Austrian pianist, composer,teacher, and conductor who was described in his time as one of Europe's greatestpianist-composers. However, his music has been neglected and underestimated inmodem times, and is not considered to have any lasting influence on later compositional developments in the 19th century.
The present study aims to demonstrate that, though identified as a conservative composer, Hummel played an important transitional role in the evolution between Classical and Romantic styles. I argue that the post-classicalpianism that he cultivated presaged many significant stylistic trends of later composers, and that these were stimulated by the rise of public concerts. The demand for virtuosic performances by middle-class concert audiences led pianistcomposers like Hummel to explore new modes of improvisation, which in turn had a profound impact not only on keyboard technique, but also on compositional practice.
A comprehensive study of Hummel's piano music reveals a new compositional practice featuring juxtaposition of different figurations, freedom of modulation, and new formal structures. The fantasy style derived from concert 11 improvisations came to be incorporated in different keyboard genres, resulting in generic mixture. In particular, the hybrid fantasy-sonata foreshadowed the later practice of Schumann and Chopin, and contributed towards the merging of serious and popular styles in Romantic piano music.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Kam, Cheok Weng.
"December 2011."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-174).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
List of Figures --- p.vii
List of Music Examples --- p.ix
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two --- Cultural Contexts for Hummel's Post-Classical Keyboard Style
The Rise of Public Concerts --- p.10
The Development of Piano Music --- p.11
Technical Innovations in Post-Classical Pianism --- p.12
The Viennese Piano Style --- p.17
The English Piano Style --- p.21
Hummel's Keyboard Writing: Viennese Features --- p.28
The Influence of the English Style --- p.31
Legato Touch and the Chopin Style --- p.36
Technical Innovations --- p.40
Chapter Chapter Three --- Generic Transformation in Hummel's Piano Sonatas --- p.48
The Keyboard Sonata in Hummel' s Time --- p.51
Changing Approaches to Sonata Form --- p.56
Hummel's Early Piano Sonatas --- p.61
Sonata in F minor, Op. 20 --- p.67
Sonata in C major, Op. 38 --- p.77
Sonata in F-sharp minor, Op. 81 --- p.82
Sonata in D major, Op. 106 --- p.93
Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Evolution of Fantasias and Generic Innovations --- p.107
Improvisation and Fantasy Style in the Eighteenth Century --- p.108
The Eighteenth-Century Free Fantasia --- p.111
Changing Conceptions of the Fantasy From C.P.E. Bach to Mozart --- p.118
Changing Role of Improvisation in Performance Practice --- p.124
From Harmonic Thinking to Thematic Thinking --- p.129
Hurnmel's Fantasy Op. 18: The Fantasy-Sonata Hybrid --- p.134
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Other Types of Generic Mixture Prompted by Fantasy Style --- p.141
Generic Mixture with Theme and Variations --- p.142
Caprices --- p.148
Potpourri --- p.150
Rondo --- p.152
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.156
Bibliography --- p.160
Livres sur le sujet "Tyrol (Austria) – History – 19th century"
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Kápolnai, Iván. Ausztria népességi viszonyai a 19. században = : Population conditions of Austria in the 19th century. Budapest : Központi Statisztikai Hivatal Levéltára, 2002.
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Rosita, Rindler Schjerve, dir. Diglossia and power : Language policies and practice in the 19th century Habsburg Empire. Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.
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The 1848/9 revolutions in German-speaking Europe. Harlow, England : Longman, 2001.
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The memory factory : The forgotten women artists of Vienna 1900. West Lafayette : Purdue University Press, 2012.
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Australia, National Gallery of, dir. Secession : Modern art and design in Austria and Germany, 1890s-1920s. Canberra : National Gallery of Australia, 2000.
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Zachor : Juden im südlichen Tirol im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert = Ebrei nel Tirolo meridionale fra Otto e Novecento = Jews in the southern Tyrol in the 19th and 20th century. Merano] : Landesmuseum Schloss Tirol, 2012.
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Freud, Sigmund. The letters of Sigmund Freud and Otto Rank : Inside psychoanalysis. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
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Victoria and Albert museum. Furniture of about 1900 from Austria & Hungary in the Victoria & Albert Museum. London : Victoria and Albert Museum, 1986.
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Jaroslava, Bubnová, Wiener Secession et Galerie Rudolfinum (Prague, Czech Republic), dir. Vienna Secession : 1898-1998 : the century of artistic freedom. Munich : Prestel, 1998.
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Hanswursts lachende Erben : Zum Weiterleben der lustigen Person im Wiener Vorstadt-Theater von La Roche bis Raimund. Bern : P. Lang, 1989.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Tyrol (Austria) – History – 19th century"
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Karpińska, Karolina. « Scientific novelties implemented into teaching mathematics in secondary schools on the Polish territories in the 19th century. The case of descriptive geometry ». Dans “DIG WHERE YOU STAND” 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the History of Mathematics Education, 205–18. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871686.0.16.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article is dedicated to discussing the implementation of the descriptive geometry, i.e. the scientific novelty from the end of the 18th century, in secondary school education on the Polish territories in the 19th century. At that time, Polish lands were under the occupation of three empires: Prussia, Austria, and Russia. Over the time, the policy of the partition empires toward the Poles was changing in intensity. As a consequence, in the 19th century, there were schools on the Polish territories with Polish, Prussian, Austrian and Russian curricula and relevant lecture languages. The article analyses the implementation of descriptive geometry into teaching mathematics in schools located in all three partitions. Keywords: descriptive geometry, history of mathematics education, history of mathematics
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Wawruschka, Celine. « Stadtmuseen als kulturelle Praxis. Zur Geschichte eines bürgerlichen Phänomens ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 2 : Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte der Moderne, 575–660. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh02.22.
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Municipal Museums as Cultural Practice. On the History of a Bourgeois Phenomenon. Research on the history of bourgeois collections in Lower Austria in the long 19th century turns its attention to a regional culture of science and historiography that formed part of the cultural practices that united the increasingly heterogeneous middle classes. Until the mid-19th century, the oldest bourgeois collections were still guided by the ideals of the Enlightenment and hence they closely resembled the contemporary aristocratic and monastic collections. In the second half of the 19th century, the municipal museums focussed on exhibiting local history. Thus municipal museums created, stabilised and represented the identity of the provincial middle classes (Bürgertum) and reflected their emancipatory ambitions. Nevertheless, the elites of the society of orders, the nobility and the clergy, still exerted considerable influence, particularly via the learned societies at the time.
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Rosner, Willibald. « Soldaten und Garnisonen. Das Militär und sein ziviles Umfeld ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 1 : Herrschaft und Wirtschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte sozialer Macht, 295–329. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh01.14.
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Soldiers and Garrisons. The Military and its Civilian Environment. This chapter outlines a regional military history of Lower Austria in the 19th century. In the context of history of the k. k. and later k. u. k. Army, peacetime relations between the land and the military are presented in two particular areas. The chapter’s first section focuses on the land’s recruitment and its transformation from a system based on forced conscription by a late-absolutist system to a constitutional monarchy employing citizen soldiers. In a second section, the phenomenon of the garrison illustrates the interdependence of the military and its civilian environment in public, social and economic life. In both sections, the question of the militarization of society is also explored. The surprisingly high incidence of individuals unfit for service and the significantly lower number of actual conscripts demand as much consideration as the economic importance of a garrison for the towns of Lower Austria in last third of the 19th century.
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Richter, Jessica, et Tim Rütten. « "[S]ie war männersüchtig, vergnügungssüchtig, unrein, faul ,bis zum Exceß' [...]". Wandel und Kontinuität im häuslichen Dienst ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 2 : Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte der Moderne, 283–316. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh02.11.
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“[S]he was obsessed with men, sybaritic, impure, lazy to extremes […].” Change and Continuity in Domestic Service. In the 19th century, domestic service became a livelihood almost exclusively of women of the lower social strata. It was, however, characterised by the continuity of unequal power relations. Service legislation stabilised servants’ dependence on their masters and mistresses in the context of the household until the 1920s, a dependence intended to control servants’ behaviour and mobility. Stereotypes of female servants in particular formed the basis of service legislation and supported the dominance of middle- and upper-class as well as agrarian elites. Such gendered perceptions were represented and produced inter alia in popular, political and legal texts. This contribution investigates the entanglement of legislation and discourse from a perspective of gender history and describes their transformation in Vienna and Lower Austria in the course of the long 19th century.
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Török, Borbála Zsuzsanna. « Staatswissen und Staatsbildung. Der statistische Blick auf Niederösterreich 1790–1848 ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 1 : Herrschaft und Wirtschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte sozialer Macht, 109–37. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh01.07.
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State Knowledge and State Building. Descriptive Statistics in Lower Austria 1790–1848. This chapter analyses the Lower Austrian statistical practice at the end of the 18th and in the early 19th century in its broader scientific and administrative context by focusing on the creation of a statistical-topographic collection on the regional level. The collection’s format demonstrates the existence of hitherto unexplored connections between academic Staatenkunde and topography as complementary methods of the contemporary sciences of the state. On the administrative level, the collection highlights the similarly unexplored regional level in statistical data management in the Habsburg Monarchy during the first half of the long 19th century. The changing formats of data collection reveal the process by which regional elites adapted to the cadastral and statistical efforts of the central government during the Franciscan period, as well as its public use. Ultimately, the history of the collection exemplifies the intertwined regional and central levels of state-building, in which the regional participants held considerable infrastructural powers.
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Albrecht, Jonas. « Brot für die Hauptstadt. Niederösterreich und die Nahrungsversorgung Wiens ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 2 : Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte der Moderne, 451–77. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh02.17.
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Bread for the Metropolis. Lower Austria and Vienna’s Food Supply. This chapter analyses the food supply to the city of Vienna during the first half of the 19th century, with a focus on two key points: first, it will be argued that the period before the introduction of industrial means of transportation has been largely neglected by historians when it comes to the history of Vienna’s food supply and the Lower Austrian industries involved. Second, the chapter shows that this story can only be told as a history of growing cross-border interconnections and commodity flows. The study thus analyses the food or commodity chain of grain. It concludes that well before 1850, bread consumption in Vienna and flour production in the city’s southern environs were essentially integrated into international commodity chains, profiting from streams of raw materials from relatively distant regions and ecosystems on the empire’s periphery.
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Schmitner, Sabine. « Die (Ohn-)Macht der "Mitte". Zur gesellschaftlichen Position bürgerlicher Schichten in Kleinstädten ». Dans Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 2 : Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte der Moderne, 151–82. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh02.06.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Powerful/Powerless Middle Class. The Social Standing of the Middle Class in Towns. This chapter focuses on the consequences of social, economic and political change affecting the life circumstances of the Lower Austrian middle classes during the 19th century. Connecting to the well-established research field of the bourgeois history of Lower Austria and the Habsburg Monarchy, the article takes up the New Political Sciences’ approach of focusing on the political impact of ideas to analyse the function and the consequences of the popular concept of the “middle class”. The economic consequences of liberalism and industrialisation on middle-class livelihoods are also discussed on the basis of rich statistical material. While producing opportunities and wealth for those eager to be educated and making their way in the industrial sector, modern times threatened the social and economic status of the traditionalist petty bourgeoisie. The idea of the “middle class” provided those confused by social and economic change with interpretations and strategies with which to articulate concepts of an ideal society and influence the distribution of resources accordingly.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Tyrol (Austria) – History – 19th century"
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Edlichko, Anzhela I. « CODIFICATION OF THE ORTHOEPIC NORMS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE : HISTORY AND CURRENT SITUATION ». Dans 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.07.
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The article discusses the development of the lexicographic codification of pronunciation norms of German. It gives an overview of the orthoepic norm, its varieties and inherent features, relations between the norm and standard of pronunciation. Pronouncing dictionaries since the end of the 19th century have been studied as primary sources, some phonetic phenomena are also illustrated with the explanatory dictionaries of earlier periods. The lexicographic codification of the pronunciation norms in historical retrospect is briefly analyzed: from exaggerated articulation of actors in Germany to actual sound phenomena using in the pronunciation of professional radio and television announcers, which includes the pronouncing features of authentic oral media communication. Special attention is paid to the problem of codification of the orthoepic standard in different types of dictionaries in light of the pluricentricity of German, due to lack of empirical analyses. The article also represents the current orthoepic dictionaries, which include information about the sounds of three standards of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Study of their structure and content features made it possible to identify some advantages and disadvantages. As a result of the study, the author concludes with changing approaches to the codification of pronunciation norms, such as transformation of the metalanguage, expansion of the empirical base, use of contemporary sociophonetic methods in its analysis, some structural and content changes in the dictionaries. These modifications are shown to be connected with the change of the lexicographic paradigm and the turn from monocentricity to pluricentricity due to sociocultural and sociolinguistic factors. Refs 24.
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Zunno, Antonio. « La fortezza e il suo giardino : uno sguardo dal mare ». Dans FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia : Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11368.
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The fortress and its garden: a view from the seaThe Fortress was built from 1554, on the ruins of an ancient convent, at the behest of Philip of Austria, and it was completed in about 55 years under the direction of Giulio Cesare Falco, knight of the Order of Malta and Captain General against the Turks. The maine structure, called Forte a Mare, was joined with the Opera a Corno, a mighty rampart with the function of enclosure of the intermediate island, separated from the other island in 1598 by the construction of the Angevin canal: here were arranged the lodgings of the troops and garrisons. Castello and Forte, were named by the Spaniards Isla Fortalera que abre el Puerto Grande, because of its particular position to protect the port. The complex was entrusted to the Germans in 1715, then conquered by the French Revolutionaries and, in 1815, re-annexed to the Kingdom of Naples and destined to lazaretto. A period of decline follows until the end of the 19th century when Brindisi became a first class naval base and the fort became a garrison of the Royal Navy, destined, during the Great War, to recover torpedoes and detonators The recovery of the complex, starting in the 1980s, allowed the conservation of the structures but was never included in a real valorisation program. With this intervention in progress, a first visit is expected through the visit from the walkways through a circular route from the Castle to the whole Opera in Corno: the itinerary will allow you to retrace the history of the Fortress and enjoy a unique view from the high towards the sea, also through the passage in a curtain of Mediterranean scrub that has colonized the walls over the centuries, creating a veritable hanging garden on the sea. The aim is to lead the visitor to the rediscovery a forgotten place that is closely connected to the coastal landscape, for which it is a privileged point of view also in relation to the city and the port.