Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Typical sequences »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Typical sequences"
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Tal, Omri, Tat Dat Tran et Jacobus Portegies. « From typical sequences to typical genotypes ». Journal of Theoretical Biology 419 (avril 2017) : 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.02.010.
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Alon, N., S. Litsyn et A. Shpunt. « Typical peak sidelobe level of binary sequences ». IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 56, no 1 (janvier 2010) : 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2034803.
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Alon, N., Y. Kohayakawa, C. Mauduit, C. G. Moreira et V. Rödl. « Measures of pseudorandomness for finite sequences : typical values ». Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 95, no 3 (21 août 2007) : 778–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms/pdm027.
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Fossat, E., E. Aristidi, A. Agabi, E. Bondoux, Z. Challita, F. Jeanneaux et D. Mékarnia. « Typical duration of good seeing sequences at Concordia ». Astronomy and Astrophysics 517 (juillet 2010) : A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014186.
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Kawabata, Osamu, Hiroshi Endo et Kazuo Haga. « ICONE19-43796 DEVELOPMENT OF AZORES CODE ANALYZING SEVERE ACCIDENT SEQUENCES FOR A TYPICAL FBR PLANT ». Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011) : _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_307.
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Sanz, Ana I., Aurora Fraile, Fernando García-Arenal, Xueping Zhou, David J. Robinson, Saif Khalid, Tahir Butt et Bryan D. Harrison. « Multiple infection, recombination and genome relationships among begomovirus isolates found in cotton and other plants in Pakistan ». Microbiology 81, no 7 (1 juillet 2000) : 1839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1839.
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Begomoviruses occur in many plant species in Pakistan and are associated with an epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease that has developed since 1985. PCR analysis with primer pairs specific for each of four already sequenced types of DNA-A of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV-PK types a, 26, 72b and 804a), or for okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV), indicated that many individual naturally infected plants of cotton and other malvaceous species contained two or three begomovirus sequences. Similarly, sequence differences among overlapping fragments of begomovirus DNA-A, amplified from individual naturally infected plants, indicated much multiple infection in malvaceous and non-malvaceous species. Some cotton plants contained DNA-A sequences typical of begomoviruses from non-malvaceous species, and some non-malvaceous plants contained sequences typical of CLCuV-PK. Some DNA-A sequences were chimaeric; they each included elements typical of different types of CLCuV-PK, or of different malvaceous and/or non-malvaceous begomoviruses. Often an apparent recombination site occurred at the origin of replication. No complete CLCuV-PK DNA-A sequence was found in malvaceous or non-malvaceous species collected in Pakistan outside the area of the cotton leaf curl epidemic but chimaeric sequences, including a part that was typical of CLCuV-PK DNA-A, did occur there. We suggest that recombination among such pre-existing sequences was crucial for the emergence of CLCuV-PK. Recombination, following multiple infection, could also explain the network of relationships among many of the begomoviruses found in the Indian subcontinent, and their evolutionary divergence, as a group, from begomoviruses causing similar diseases in other geographical regions.
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Flegel, T. W., et Tirasak Pasharawipas. « A proposal for typical eukaryotic meiosis in microsporidians ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no 1 (1 janvier 1995) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-001.
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A review of key publications concerning the biology and life cycles of microsporidians has led us to challenge recent proposals that they exhibit a unique process of meiosis when compared with other eukaryotes. The basic data used to support this challenge are the same as those used by researchers suggesting atypical meiosis, but the data are analyzed from a different viewpoint. Arguments are put forward to support a testable hypothesis that meiosis in microsporidians is identical to that which occurs in other eukaryotes. It is proposed that confusion resulted because two separate cytological developmental sequences for diplokaryotic meronts in mosquito fat body cells were previously interpreted as a single sequence. By rearrangement of the original data into two developmental sequences, one abortive and the other for typical meiosis, a better fit was obtained between cytological stages and microphotometric measurements of nuclear DNA content. This improved data fit and the existence of similar nuclear developmental sequences in the fungi are used to support our hypothesis.Key words: microsporidia, meiosis, eukaryotes.
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Allen, Timothy A., Andrea M. Morris, Shauna M. Stark, Norbert J. Fortin et Craig E. L. Stark. « Memory for sequences of events impaired in typical aging ». Learning & ; Memory 22, no 3 (17 février 2015) : 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.036301.114.
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Khalkhali, Saman, Jeffrey Wammes et Ken McRae. « Integrating words that refer to typical sequences of events. » Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 66, no 2 (2012) : 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027369.
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Souihli, Oussama, et Tomoaki Ohtsuki. « Typical Set Cognitive Sensing ». ISRN Communications and Networking 2011 (29 août 2011) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/709091.
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In cognitive radio (CR) cooperative sensing schemes, wireless sensor nodes deployed in the network sense the licensed spectrum and send their local sensing decisions to a fusion center (FC) that makes a global decision on whether to allow the unlicensed user transmit on the licensed spectrum, based on a decision (fusion) rule. k-out-of-N is widely used in the literature owing to its practical simplicity. Regrettably, it exhibits a tradeoff between the achievable probabilities of false alarm and miss detection, which could have consequent effects on the performance of CR. In this paper, based on the notion of typical sequences, we propose a novel fusion rule in which the false alarm and miss detection probabilities can be simultaneously made as small as desired (asymptotically zero as the number of sensors goes to infinity).
Thèses sur le sujet "Typical sequences"
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Albert, Simon. « Development of a fast DRAM analyzer and measurement of typical and critical memory access sequences in applications ». München Verl. Dr. Hut, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992163323/04.
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Albert, Simon [Verfasser]. « Development of a fast DRAM analyzer and measurement of typical and critical memory access sequences in applications / Simon Albert ». München : Verl. Dr. Hut, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999941690/34.
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Schnellmann, Daniel. « Viana maps and limit distributions of sums of point measures ». Phd thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694201.
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This thesis consists of five articles mainly devoted to problems in dynamical systems and ergodic theory. We consider non-uniformly hyperbolic two dimensional systems and limit distributions of point measures which are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Let $f_{a_0}(x)=a_0-x^2$ be a quadratic map where the parameter $a_0\in(1,2)$ is chosen such that the critical point $0$ is pre-periodic (but not periodic). In Papers A and B we study skew-products $(\th,x)\mapsto F(\th,x)=(g(\th),f_{a_0}(x)+\al s(\th))$, $(\th,x)\in S^1\times\real$. The functions $g:S^1\to S^1$ and $s:S^1\to[-1,1]$ are the base dynamics and the coupling functions, respectively, and $\al$ is a small, positive constant. Such quadratic skew-products are also called Viana maps. In Papers A and B we show for several choices of the base dynamics and the coupling function that the map $F$ has two positive Lyapunov exponents and for some cases we further show that $F$ admits also an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure. In Paper C we consider certain Bernoulli convolutions. By showing that a specific transversality property is satisfied, we deduce absolute continuity of the to these Bernoulli convolutions associated distributions. In Papers D and E we consider sequences of real numbers in the unit interval and study how they are distributed. The sequences in Paper D are given by the forward iterations of a point $x\in[0,1]$ under a piecewise expanding map $T_a:[0,1]\to[0,1]$ depending on a parameter $a$ contained in an interval $I$. Under the assumption that each $T_a$ admits a unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure $\mu_a$ and that some technical conditions are satisfied, we show that the distribution of the forward orbit $T_a^j(x)$, $j\ge1$, is described by the distribution $\mu_a$ for Lebesgue almost every parameter $a\in I$. In Paper E we apply the ideas in Paper D to certain sequences which are equidistributed in the unit interval and give a geometrical proof of an old result by Koksma.
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Hessler, Theresa L. « The effects of an extended prompt versus a typical prompt on the length and quality of first draft essays written by secondary students with mild disabilities ». Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124204799.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 210 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-138). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Farr, Kerry J. « Simple Behavioral Interventions for Typically Functioning Adolescents with Work Refusal in a Classroom Setting ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7556.
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This study was designed to test the effectiveness of 2 different behavioral interventions: a high-probability request sequence and a differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (DRA) procedure in a classroom setting. The aim of the interventions was to reduce the frequency of task refusal as well as increase the frequency of task compliance in adolescents in a general education setting. The study included 4 adolescents with the same teacher who were reported by their teacher as completing 50% or less of their course work since the beginning of the school year. The teacher implemented the interventions with the participants to test their potential effectiveness. Each student responded differently to the interventions. This was demonstrated using visual analysis of graphs as well as a comparison of descriptive statistics. Some were more compliant when the teacher implemented the high-probability request sequence; others demonstrated greater compliance with the DRA in place. Two participants also demonstrated higher levels of compliance beginning with placement of a camera (and operator) prior to the high-probability request sequence or the DRA implementation. These results indicate that each of these interventions may have the potential to increase compliance with classroom tasks for typically functioning adolescents through the mechanism of increased attention.
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« On the discontinuity of the Shannon information measures and typical sequences ». Thesis, 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074290.
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As entropy is also an important quantity in physics, we relate our results to physical processes by demonstrating that the discontinuity of entropy can occur in a Markov chain. We also discuss the possible implications of this phenomenon in thermodynamics and cosmology.For two probability distributions with finite alphabets, some bounds on the difference of their entropies as a function of their alphabet sizes and variational distance are obtained. These bounds, which are tighter than some existing results, show that entropy estimation by finite alphabet approximation may not work as we expected. On the other hand, we show that there always exists a finite alphabet approximation that works for entropy estimation provided that the alphabet used is sufficiently large. Some necessary and sufficient conditions under which the entropy of a sequence of probability distributions converges are given in terms of four new information divergence measures, where the square root of two of them are metrics.
In information theory, weak typicality and strong typicality are essential tools for proving coding theorems. Strong typicality, which is more powerful than weak typicality, can be applied to finite alphabet only, while weak typicality can be applied to both finite and countably infinite alphabets. We introduce a unified typicality for finite or countably infinite alphabet which is stronger than both weak typicality and strong typicality. With this unified typicality, the asymptotic equipartition property and the structural properties of strong typicality are preserved.
The Shannon information measures are well known to be continuous functions of the probability distribution for finite alphabet. In this thesis, however, we show that these measures are discontinuous with respect to almost all commonly used "distance" measures when the alphabet is countably infinite. Such "distance" measures include the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the variational distance. Specifically, we show that all the Shannon information measures are in fact discontinuous at all probability distributions.
Ho Siu Wai.
"August 2006."
Adviser: Wai Ho Raymond Yeung.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1824.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-123).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
Livres sur le sujet "Typical sequences"
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Simonson, Mary. A Different Kind of Ballet. Sous la direction de Melissa Blanco Borelli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199897827.013.006.
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Dorothy Arzner’s 1940 filmDance, Girl, Dancehas been embraced within feminist film criticism as a stunning demonstration and critique of the “male gaze” so typical in classical Hollywood cinema. Tracing the lives and careers of two dancers, scholars argue, the film privileges strong female characters and women’s relationships with one another over heterosexual romance. Yet this essay argues thatDance, Girl, Danceis as much a film about the evolution of American dance in the twentieth century as it is about looking at women’s friendships. Juxtaposing Bubbles’s risqué burlesque routines and Judy’s sentimental divertissements with extended sequences of “modern” ballet,Dance, Girl, Dancegrafts contemporary debates about the future of American dance and the meaning of American modernism onto the bodies of Bubbles, Judy, and their fellow dancers.
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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger et Eric Coissac. Single-species detection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 “Single-species detection” deals with the practical aspects of detecting a single and predefined taxon with eDNA, with a particular focus on the use of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for this purpose. After presenting how single-species detection has been implemented in a few seminal studies, it details the principles underlying qPCR. More specifically, it describes the typical qPCR amplification curve and the different systems (SYBR green and TaqMan probe assays) available to record amplicon accumulation in real time via fluorescence measurements. Chapter 9 also explains how the initial number of target sequences can be estimated with the Ct method, and addresses the design and test of reliable qPCR barcodes and probes targeting a single species. Finally, several important experimental considerations are highlighted, including the particular concerns of contamination and inhibition in qPCR.
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Benson, Lisa, et Andrew Christensen. Empirically Supported Couple Therapies. Sous la direction de Erika Lawrence et Kieran T. Sullivan. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199783267.013.003.
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This article provides a comparative review of five empirically supported couple therapies: traditional behavioral couple therapy (behavioral marital therapy), cognitive behavioral couple therapy, insight-oriented couple therapy, emotionally focused couple therapy, and integrative behavioral couple therapy. The rationale for development of each treatment is given, with reference to differences from previous treatments. The specifics and typical sequence of interventions associated with each treatment are described. Empirical data on treatment outcomes, predictors of treatment response, and mechanisms of change are summarized for each treatment. Key points of convergence and divergence in approaches to treatment are noted.
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Sammons, Benjamin. Aristeia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614843.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses use of the epic aristeia as a narrative element in Homer and the Cycle. At least four secure examples of aristeiai in the Cycle reveal a simpler structure than examples from Homer’s Iliad. This “cyclic” form of the aristeia typically features as champion a Trojan ally who eventually falls at the hands of a foremost Achaean warrior. Differences between cyclic and Iliadic aristeia-sequences reflect the persons and themes involved, but also bear an intimate relationship to the different narrative requirements of shorter poems. I argue further that the simpler cyclic form of the aristeia can be seen to underlie the more complicated and varied Homeric examples.
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Orchard, John, Hugh Seward et Wayne Hoskins. Epidemiology and injury surveillance in sports medicine. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0010.
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Injury surveillance has for many years been considered fundamental to injury prevention in sport (van Mechelen et al. 1992; van Mechelen 1997; Finch 2006). The seminal paper by van Mechelen and colleagues in 1992 described a sequence for achieving injury prevention in sport, with injury surveillance typically being the fundamental first step behind the injury prevention process. Despite this observation, there has been little agreement about the best methodology for injury surveillance and few published examples in the literature of long-term multi-recorder reliable injury surveillance systems....
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Clavijo, Claudia F., Mary E. Arthur et Efrain Riveros-Perez. Anesthesia Care on the Day of Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885885.003.0004.
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This chapter provides anesthesia residents with recommendations that will guide them through the sequence of events on the day of surgery. This chapter focuses on operating room setup, basic pharmacology, medications typically used in the operating room, guidelines for discontinuation of at-home medications, intraoperative patient monitoring, and ventilation. There is also a detailed discussion on patient positioning and potential complications related to positioning. Checklists facilitate efficiency and ensure that all important steps are completed before patients receive anesthesia care. These recommendations may be adjusted to meet specific needs and institutional standards.
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Rost, Christian, et Frank A. Flachskampf. Transoesophageal and intracardiac echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0004.
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Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), a minimal-risk, semi-invasive imaging procedure is nowadays an indispensable part of routine echocardiography. It is mainly necessary and indicated: ◆ To analyse some structures insufficiently seen transthoracically, such as the left atrial appendage or the thoracic aorta. ◆ In situations that prohibit the use of conventional transthoracic windows, such as the patient undergoing cardiac surgery.As in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), the TOE examination consists of a sequence of views defined by internal landmarks; unlike TTE, depending on the patient’s tolerance and the clinical question, not all of these have to be obtained in every examination. Important typical indications for TOE are the search for signs of endocarditis, the search for cardiogenic emboli, diagnosis of left atrial (appendage) thrombi before cardioversion, diagnosis of aortic dissection, characterization of mitral and aortic valve pathology especially in the context of surgical repair, intraoperative monitoring of left ventricular function, and monitoring of interventional cardiac procedures monitored.For some indications, intracardiac echocardiography has been found useful. This procedure involves insertion of a transducer-tipped catheter into the caval vein and advancement to the right heart, or intra-aortic placement. Applications are electrophysiological procedures, interventional closure of atrial septal defect, aortic stent placement, and others.
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Wittman, Donald A. Ex Ante vs. Ex Post. Sous la direction de Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.40.
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Sometimes the sequence of events is important for establishing rights and obligations, and sometimes it is not. For example, if a nuisance was there before the neighbouring residences arrived, the nuisance is sometimes allowed to continue in the same location under the doctrine of coming to the nuisance. When and why should the doctrine be (or not be) upheld? While many concepts in law and economics do not explicitly have a time dimension, once we start thinking about ex ante versus ex post, a large number of seemingly unrelated areas of the law involve similar issues of sequence. When new regulations are imposed, sometimes pre-existing businesses are exempt and sometimes not. In accident law, negligent behaviour by the first actor may require the second actor to take action beyond the ordinarily efficient actions as can be seen in the doctrine of last clear chance. What is the underlying rational for the application of this rule? Rights typically go to the highest bidder, but at 4-way stop signs, rights are granted according to who was there first. In other areas involving traffic, being first accedes to other criteria such as majority rule. As a final example, priority in bankruptcy gives the right to the first creditor of the same secured debt, but not to the first creditor of unsecured debt. Why? This article presents an efficiency-based framework for answering these questions.
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Boehm, Heinrich, et Y. Raja Rampersaud. Treatment : spinal surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0023.
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Despite remarkable progress in understanding the pathological processes and alleviating symptoms by TNFα blocking medication, the mechanism that converts flexible tissue into bone still cannot be completely prevented or reversed. In axial spondyloarthritis, components of motion segments, such as zygoapophyseal joints, intervertebral discs, and spinal ligaments, can ossify in varying sequence, extent, and location between the ilium and occiput. Throughout this process, the spinal column is vulnerable to kyphotic deformity due to gravity, body weight, muscle action, and life’s flexion-based activities. Areas with low fusion tendency, such as atlanto-axial joints, and post-traumatically weakened spots of formerly ankylosed vertebral block (Andersson’s lesion) can endanger the spinal cord by instability, dislocation, and compression, from what is typically minor trauma or simple repetitive, but otherwise normal, stresses. Once functionally significant deformity or presence of instability and associated symptoms are established, conservative treatment options are lacking and surgical consideration is required.
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Saxton, Libby. No Power Without an Image. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474463157.001.0001.
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No Power Without an Image is the first detailed study of what filmic images can tell us about iconic photographs. Previous scholarship on iconic images, including the proliferation of recent writings on the subject, has typically centred on, or at least paid special attention to, the medium of photography. Yet the publications that helped create some of the most familiar such icons were deeply influenced by cinema, privileging dynamic photographs and layouts and juxtaposing photojournalism with film stills and film frames. Photojournalistic icons, moreover, often coexist as film or video sequences and have played a surprisingly important but unexamined role in film criticism and theory. The book reveals multifaceted connections between seven celebrated photographs that symbolise aspects of wars and political struggles in the mid-twentieth century, when camera images began to acquire iconic distinction, and cinema in all its forms: from the ‘paper cinema’ of magazines and film star portraiture, via newsreels, to documentary, fiction and experimental films. These case studies call into question the conventional opposition between the photograph that sears into memory and the quickly forgotten filmic image. Drawing on original archival research and accounts of religious and secular icons from eclectic fields including philosophy, art history, photography and film studies and star theory, the book explores a new way of thinking about the confluence of still and moving images.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Typical sequences"
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Ma, Gengyu, et Xueyin Lin. « Typical Sequences Extraction and Recognition ». Dans Computer Vision in Human-Computer Interaction, 60–71. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24837-8_7.
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Snyder, Donald L., James K. Long, J. B. Hajdu et Gerald Krulik. « Typical Processing and Operating Sequences ». Dans Electroplating Engineering Handbook, 174–205. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2547-5_4.
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Gazi, Orhan. « Typical Sequences and Data Compression ». Dans Information Theory for Electrical Engineers, 175–233. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8432-4_3.
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Hirano, Shoji, et Shusaku Tsumoto. « Mining Typical Order Sequences from EHR for Building Clinical Pathways ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 39–49. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13186-3_5.
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Honda, Yuichi, Muneo Kushima, Tomoyoshi Yamazaki, Kenji Araki et Haruo Yokota. « Detection and Visualization of Variants in Typical Medical Treatment Sequences ». Dans Data Management and Analytics for Medicine and Healthcare, 88–101. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67186-4_8.
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Brazdil, Pavel, Jan N. van Rijn, Carlos Soares et Joaquin Vanschoren. « Evaluating Recommendations of Metalearning/AutoML Systems ». Dans Metalearning, 39–52. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67024-5_3.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses some typical approaches that are commonly used to evaluate metalearning and AutoML systems. This helps us to establish whether we can trust the recommendations provided by a particular system, and also provides a way of comparing different competing approaches. As the performance of algorithms may vary substantially across different tasks, it is often necessary to normalize the performance values first to make comparisons meaningful. This chapter discusses some common normalization methods used. As often a given metalearning system outputs a sequence of algorithms to test, we can study how similar this sequence is from the ideal sequence. This can be determined by looking at a degree of correlation between the two sequences. This chapter provides more details on this issue. One common way of comparing systems is by considering the effect of selecting different algorithms (workflows) on base-level performance and determining how the performance evolves with time. If the ideal performance is known, it is possible to calculate the value of performance loss. The loss curve shows how the loss evolves with time or what its value is at the maximum available time (i.e., the time budget) given beforehand. This chapter also describes the methodology that is commonly used in comparisons involving several metalearning/AutoML systems with recourse to statistical tests.
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Prieto, Ivan, Alfonso Gutiérrez, Oleguer Camerino et M. Teresa Anguera. « Typical Errors and Behavioral Sequences in Judo Techniques : Knowledge of Performance and the Analysis of T-Patterns in Relation to Teaching and Learning the Ouchi-Gari Throw ». Dans Discovering Hidden Temporal Patterns in Behavior and Interaction, 143–53. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3249-8_7.
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Di Francescomarino, Chiara, et Chiara Ghidini. « Predictive Process Monitoring ». Dans Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 320–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08848-3_10.
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AbstractPredictive Process Monitoring [29] is a branch of process mining that aims at predicting the future of an ongoing (uncompleted) process execution. Typical examples of predictions of the future of an execution trace relate to the outcome of a process execution, to its completion time, or to the sequence of its future activities
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Maisak, Timur A. « Chapter 5. From an adverb/postposition ‘behind’ to a discourse marker ». Dans Discourse Phenomena in Typological Perspective, 93–133. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.227.05mai.
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The paper describes two uses of the discourse particle reχu in Andi (Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic), namely the consecutive, or sequential, use found in the non-final clauses of multiclausal sentences and reinforcing the idea of temporal sequence (‘and then’), and the pragmatic use with retrospective contrastive meaning, predominantly found in imperatives and questions. A diachronic scenario is proposed for the development of the particle: first from spatial adverb/postposition ‘behind’ to temporal adverb/postposition ‘after’, then from clause-initial ‘then’ to clause-final sequential marker, then from longer to shorter sequential marker and, finally, from enclitic sequential marker to enclitic pragmatic particle. This evolution is accompanied by semantic, morphosyntactic and phonological changes typical of grammaticalization, and is supported by both intragenetic evidence and cross-linguistic parallels.
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Blicha, Martin, Grigory Fedyukovich, Antti E. J. Hyvärinen et Natasha Sharygina. « Transition Power Abstractions for Deep Counterexample Detection ». Dans Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 524–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_29.
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AbstractWhile model checking safety of infinite-state systems by inferring state invariants has steadily improved recently, most verification tools still rely on a technique based on bounded model checking to detect safety violations. In particular, the current techniques typically analyze executions by unfolding transitions one step at a time, and the slow growth of execution length prevents detection of deep counterexamples before the tool reaches its limits on computations. We propose a novel model-checking algorithm that is capable of both proving unbounded safety and finding long counterexamples. The idea is to use Craig interpolation to guide the creation of symbolic abstractions of exponentially longer sequences of transitions. Our experimental analysis shows that on unsafe benchmarks with deep counterexamples our implementation can detect faulty executions that are at least an order of magnitude longer than those detectable by the state-of-the-art tools.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Typical sequences"
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Raginsky, Maxim. « Empirical processes and typical sequences ». Dans 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2010.5513601.
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Litsyn, Simon, et Alexander Shpunt. « Typical peak sidelobe level of binary sequences ». Dans 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2008.4595289.
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Mihoubi, Mohamed, Douglas O'Shaughnessy et Pierre Dumouchel. « The use of typical sequences for robust speaker identification ». Dans Interspeech 2004. ISCA : ISCA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-528.
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Nguyen, Long D., Duc H. Phan et Llewellyn C. M. Tang. « Predicting Construction Duration with Typical Construction Sequences for High-Rise Buildings ». Dans Architectural Engineering Conference 2013. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412909.037.
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Nishio, Masahide, et Masahiro Yamashita. « Study on Accident Sequences of Seismic PSA for BWR ». Dans 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29888.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Examination Guide for Seismic Design of NPP was revised in 2006 in Japan. In response to the revised guide, utilities are required to establish the seismic design acceleration of the NPP site and evaluate the residual risk of individual NPP for earthquakes exceeding the seismic design acceleration. JNES is developing seismic PSA models of typical NPPs to support the regulatory review of utility’s residual risk evaluation report. Trial analysis of seismic PSA is performed for a typical BWR4 plant and a typical BWR5 plant. Dominant accident sequences and dominant initiating events are obtained, and sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the influence of analytical conditions on the core damage frequency (CDF) such as LOCA model and system mitigation effect. Analysis result shows that the CDF profile changes largely depending on the seismic intensity of the site.
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Narayanaswami, Ranga, et Junhua Pang. « Tool Path Generation Based on B-Spline Wavelets ». Dans ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21108.
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Abstract Tool path generation is a fundamental problem in numerical control machining. Typical methods used for machining 2.5D objects include generation of offset contours using trimmed offset curves and zigzag sequences. The offset contours result in unnecessary detailed curves far away from the object boundary. The zigzag sequences result in frequent stops and changes in tool direction. In this paper we present a novel approach for tool path generation based on wavelet theory. The theory of wavelets naturally leads to a simple cut sequence algorithm that provides valid and efficient coverage of the machined surface. The classical analytical and algebraic complexity in tool path planning is also reduced. In this paper, curves are represented by endpoint interpolating B-splines and their corresponding wavelets. Design and manufacturing examples are also presented in this paper.
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Du, Yun, et Qinfang Zhang. « Pilot Application of RISMC Methodology on Specific SBLOCA Sequences of Passive NPP ». Dans 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92128.
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Abstract In this paper, a typical passive nuclear power plant small break LOCA is taken as the research object. Based on the theory of Risk Informed Safety Margin Characterization methodology, the development process of the accident is studied. The specific sequence is selected to be studied. The important systems are discretely branched (such as Automatic Depressurization System), and the important uncertainty parameters are sampled (such as ADS valve and IRWST valve resistance coefficient). The event tree is re-established, and the success criterion of the head is modified. The fault tree is reestablished. After that the uncertainty parameters are sampled for specific sequences and the accident simulation of the whole plant is carried out for each condition. Thus, the frequency of each sequence and the conditional failure probability under the specific condition are obtained, and the core damage frequency (CDF) value based on RISMC method is finally calculated. This analysis is mainly aimed at the configuration and sensitivity of ADS. The selected sequence 45,53,64 are generated from the risk significant core damage sequence S in the original model. Through the analysis and calculation of RISMC method, it is concluded that sequence 45 is ok sequence, and the assumption in the original model is too conservative. OK cases with epidemic proportions existed in sequence 53; sequence 64 is consistent with the original hypothesis, which is a CD sequence. Therefore, the calculated value of CDF is reduced to a certain extent. This paper verifies the feasibility of RISMC method in application on passive NPPs and also proves that the method can remove unnecessary conservatism. more realistic assessment of the risk helps us quantify the safety margin of nuclear power plants better.
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Hodapp, David P., Matthew D. Collete et Armin W. Troesch. « Nonlinear Fatigue Crack Growth Predictions for Simple Specimens Subject to Time-Dependent Ship Structural Loading Sequences ». Dans SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-t19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The typical classification rules-based fatigue assessment of ship structures is inherently limited and must be rethought as new designs push the boundary of past experience. To this end, the majority of research over the past decade has focused on providing more accurate experimental and/or numerical predictions of ship motions and hence fatigue loading. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to the accompanying linear damage accumulation models originally contrived for spectral-based approaches. Here, a nonlinear crack growth model is proposed based on the finite element analysis of plastically-induced crack closure. In contrast to previous studies, this approach is readily generalized as it relies solely on experimentally measured fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN vs. ΔK) and a full material constitutive model. To extend this existing area of research to marine engineering, it will be shown that simple instances of variable amplitude loading are analogous to typical ship loading sequences through so-called “storm model” loading. Thus, the proposed model facilitates ship fatigue life predictions (crack propagation phase) in which both the order of the loading (load sequence effects) and material hysteresis (load interaction effects) are included. Using this model, it will be shown that these load sequence and load interactions effects are first-order phenomena and must be considered in fatigue life predictions. Finally, by including these effects, we challenge the presumption that loading nonlinearities (e.g., combined midship wave bending and whipping) are insignificant within the context of lifetime accumulated fatigue damage and/or that they can be included without being explicitly evaluated.
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Queral, C., J. Mula, J. Gómez-Magán, J. Gil, I. Fernández, E. Meléndez, M. Sánchez-Perea et J. Hortal. « Application of Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology to Feed and Bleed Sequences ». Dans 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16334.
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As part of the collaboration between Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Indizen Technologies and the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), the Integrated Safety Assessment (ISA) methodology, developed by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), has been applied to a thermo-hydraulical analysis of Total Loss of Feed Water sequences in a Westinghouse 3-loop PWR. The ISA methodology allows among others obtaining the Damage Domain, i.e., the region of the space of uncertain parametere where certain damage limit is exceeded. Apart of typical uncertain parameters for the physical model, ISA considers operator actuations times (like RCP trip, AFW recovery and begining of Feed & Bleed…) and /or stochastic uncertain phennomena. Given a particular safety limit, several data of every sequence are necessary in order to obtain the damage exceedance frequency of that limit. These data are obtained from the results of the simulations of transients performed with MAAP code. The results show the capability and necessity of the ISA methodology, or similar, in order to obtain accurate results that take into account time uncertainties.
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Li, Wenjing, Wentao Zhu, Xinli Yu et Wei Wei. « Probabilistic Analysis of Creep-Induced SGTR for NPP ». Dans 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81032.
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Severe accident analysis is the technical basis of severe accident prevention and mitigation, and severe accident phenomenon analysis can provide important technical support for Level-2 Probabilistic Safety Analysis (L2 PSA) and severe accident management of NPP. This paper evaluates the probability of creep-induced steam generator tubes rupture (SGTR) which might lead to direct release of radioactive material to environment based on Risk-Oriented Accident Analysis Methodology (ROAAM). According to Larson-Miller creep failure model, the material parameters are provided first, then a two-loop NPP model is established with MAAP4 code to assess the temperature and pressure of the pipes for typical sequences, and eventually the probability of creep-induced SGTR phenomenon for typical sequences is calculated.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Typical sequences"
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Baader, Franz, et Benjamin Zarrieß. Verification of Golog Programs over Description Logic Actions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.198.
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High-level action programming languages such as Golog have successfully been used to model the behavior of autonomous agents. In addition to a logic-based action formalism for describing the environment and the effects of basic actions, they enable the construction of complex actions using typical programming language constructs. To ensure that the execution of such complex actions leads to the desired behavior of the agent, one needs to specify the required properties in a formal way, and then verify that these requirements are met by any execution of the program. Due to the expressiveness of the action formalism underlying Golog (situation calculus), the verification problem for Golog programs is in general undecidable. Action formalisms based on Description Logic (DL) try to achieve decidability of inference problems such as the projection problem by restricting the expressiveness of the underlying base logic. However, until now these formalisms have not been used within Golog programs. In the present paper, we introduce a variant of Golog where basic actions are defined using such a DL-based formalism, and show that the verification problem for such programs is decidable. This improves on our previous work on verifying properties of infinite sequences of DL actions in that it considers (finite and infinite) sequences of DL actions that correspond to (terminating and non-terminating) runs of a Golog program rather than just infinite sequences accepted by a Büchi automaton abstracting the program.
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Lers, Amnon, et Pamela J. Green. Analysis of Small RNAs Associated with Plant Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593393.bard.
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Senescence is an agriculturally significant process due to its negative impact to crop yield and postharvest quality. The genetic regulatory systems controlling senescence induction and progress respond to both developmental and environmental stress signals and involve numerous gene expression changes. Knowledge about the key molecular factors which control senescence is very limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs which typically function by guiding cleavage of target messenger RNAs. They have been shown to play major roles in a variety of plant processes including development, responses to environmental stresses, and senescence. The long-term goal of this work is to elucidate roles of small RNAs associated with plant senescence. The hypothesis underlying this research is that miRNA-mediated regulation makes important contributions to the senescence process in plants. Specific, original research objectives included: 1) Profiling of small RNAs from senescing plants; 2) Data Analysis and public access via a user-friendly web interface; 3) Validation of senescence-associated miRNAs and target RNAs; 4) Development of transgenic plants for functional analysis of miRNAs in Arabidopsis. Major revisions made in the research compared to the original work plan included 1) Exclusion of the planned work with tomato as recommended by the BARD review panel; 2) Performing miRNA study also in senescing Arabidopsis siliques, in addition to senescing leaves. To identify senescenceregulation of miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, eight small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced at four different stages of development and senescence from both leaves and siliques, resulting in more than 200 million genome-matched sequences. Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends (PARE) libraries, which enable the large-scale examination of miRNA-guided cleavage products, were also constructed and sequenced, resulting in over 750 million genome-matched sequences. These massive datasets lead to the identification of new miRNAs, as well as new regulation of known miRNAs and their target genes during senescence, many of which have established roles in nutrient responsiveness and cell structural integrity. In keeping with remobilization of nutrients thought to occur during senescence, many miRNAs and targets had opposite expression pattern changes between leaf and silique tissues during the progression of senescence. Taken together, these findings highlight the integral role that miRNAs may play in the remobilization of resources and alteration of cellular structure that is known to occur in senescence. Experiments were initiated for functional analysis of specific senescence-associated miRNAs and respective target genes. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated in which miR408, found in this study to be significantly induced in leaf senescence, was over-expressed either constitutively or under a senescence-specific promoter. These plants are currently being characterized for any altered phenotypes. In addition T-DNA knock out mutants for various target genes identified in this research are being analyzed. This work provides insights about specific miRNAs that contribute to leaf and silique senescence. The knowledge generated may suggest new strategies to monitor and alter the progression of senescence in crops for agricultural improvement.
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Paran, Ilan, et Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.
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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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Paran, Ilan, et Molly Jahn. Genetics and comparative molecular mapping of biochemical and morphological fruit characters in Capsicum. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586545.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Original objectives: The overall goal of our work was to gain information regarding the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper and to develop tools based on this information to assist in crop improvement. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoid (pungency) content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoid and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoid in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C.locus. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was poorly understood prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous SSR markers. This map has been integrated with a number of other independent maps resulting in the publication of a single resource map consisting of more than 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps based primarily on tomato-originated RFLP markers, the new maps are based on PCR markers that originate in Capsicum providing a comprehensive and versatile resource for marker-assisted selection in pepper. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, a character unique to pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master regulatoar for capsaicinoid accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTL that control capsaicinoid content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTL that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTL controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advances in our understanding of important processes of pepper fruit development including the isolation and characterization of several well known genes. These results also provided the basis for the development of molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement. A total of eleven refereed publications have resulted from this work, and several more are in preparation.
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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah et Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission : Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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Fridman, Eyal, et Eran Pichersky. Tomato Natural Insecticides : Elucidation of the Complex Pathway of Methylketone Biosynthesis. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696543.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Plant species synthesize a multitude of specialized compounds 10 help ward off pests. and these in turn may well serve as an alternative to synthetic pesticides to reduce environmental damage and health risks to humans. The general goal of this research was to perform a genetic and biochemical dissection of the natural-insecticides methylketone pathway that is specific to the glandular trichomes of the wild species of tomato, Solanumhabrochaites f. glabratum (accession PI126449). Previous study conducted by us have demonstrated that these compounds are synthesized de novo as a derivate pathway of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and that a key enzyme. designated MethylketoneSynthase 1 (MKS 1). catalyzes conversion of the intermediate B-ketoacyl- ACPs to the corresponding Cn-1 methylketones. The approach taken in this proposed project was to use an interspecific F2 population. derived from the cross between the cultivated lV182 and the wild species PIl26449. for three objectives: (i) Analyze the association between allelic status of candidate genes from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway with the methylketone content in the leaves (ii) Perform bulk segregant analysis of genetic markers along the tomato genome for identifying genomic regions that harbor QTLs for 2TD content (iii) Apply differential gene expression analysis using the isolated glands of bulk segregant for identifying new genes that are involved in the pathway. The genetic mapping in the interspecific F2 population included app. 60 genetic markers, including the candidate genes from the FAS pathway and SSR markers spread evenly across the genome. This initial; screening identified 5 loci associated with MK content including the candidate genes MKS1, ACC and MaCoA:ACP trans. Interesting observation in this genetic analysis was the connection between shape and content of the glands, i.e. the globularity of the four cells, typical to the wild species. was associated with increased MK in the segregating population. In the next step of the research transcriptomic analysis of trichomes from high- and 10w-MK plants was conducted. This analysis identified a new gene, Methy1ketone synthase 2 (MKS2), whose protein product share sequence similarity to the thioesterase super family of hot-dog enzymes. Genetic analysis in the segregating population confirmed its association with MK content, as well as its overexpression in E. coli that led to formation of MK in the media. There are several conclusions drawn from this research project: (i) the genetic control of MK accumulation in the trichomes is composed of biochemical components in the FAS pathway and its vicinity (MKS 1 and MKS2). as well as genetic factors that mediate the morphology of these specialized cells. (ii) the biochemical pathway is now realized different from what was hypothesized before with MKS2 working upstream to I\1KS 1 and serves as the interface between primary (fatty acids) and secondary (MK) metabolism. We are currently testing the possible physical interactions between these two proteins in vitro after the genetic analysis showed clear epistatic interactions. (iii) the regulation of the pathway that lead to specialized metabolism in the wild species is largely mediated by transcription and one of the achievements of this project is that we were able to isolate and verify the specificity of the MKS1 promoter to the trichomes which allows manipulation of the pathways in these cells (currently in progress). The scientific implications of this research project is the advancement in our knowledge of hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in plants and new leads for studying a new family in plants (hot dog thioesterase). The agricultural and biotechnological implication are : (i) generation of new genetic markers that could assist in importing this pathway to cultivated tomato hence enhancing its natural resistance to insecticides, (ii) the discovery of MKS2 adds a new gene for genetic engineering of plants for making new fatty acid derived compounds. This could be assisted with the use of the isolated and verified MKS1 promoter. The results of this research were summarized to a manuscript that was published in Plant Physiology (cover paper). to a chapter in a proceeding book. and one patent was submitted in the US.