Articles de revues : « Tuscania »

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Perchuk, Alison Locke. « Three Early Architectural Drawings of San Pietro in Tuscania (VT) ». Getty Research Journal 8 (janvier 2016) : 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/685925.

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Barker, Graeme, et Tom Rasmussen. « The Archaeology of an Etruscan Polis : A Preliminary Report on the Tuscania Project (1986 and 1987 Seasons) ». Papers of the British School at Rome 56 (novembre 1988) : 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200009557.

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ARCHEOLOGIA DI UNA POLIS ETRUSCA: RAPPORTO PRELIMINARE SUL PROGETTO TUSCANIA (STAGIONI 1986 E 1987)La comunicazione riguarda i risultati preliminari delle prime due stagioni di intensa ricognizione di superficie nella campagna circostante la città di Tuscania. Questo progetto della British School at Rome in collaborazione con l'università di Manchester, è diacronico in quanto si raccolgono reperti di superficie di tutti i periodi principali dalla preistoria al medioevo, ma con particolare interesse per il periodo etrusco, e si cerca di documentare tramite la sola ricognizione di superficie, la gerarchia di insediamento di un tipico centro etrusco di media grandezza. Nella prima fase di questo progetto sono stati percorsi transetti immediatamente a nord, sud, ovest ed est della città. Risultati preliminari sono pubblicati alle figure 2–5: queste carte sono solo provvisorie—non includono i dati “off site”, e le suddivisioni cronologiche derivano esclusivamente dall'analisi della ceramica fine; il futuro studio della ceramica grezza e delle tegole apporterà certamente qualche correzione a tale cronologia. Ciò nonostante due degli elementi interessanti già emersi sono l'improvvisa proliferazione di insediamenti avvenuta nel periodo etrusco, e l'esistenza di un “territorio agricolo” che si estendeva per un raggio di 4 o 5 km attorno alia città, mentre in epoca romana ville e fattorie erano distribuite più o meno regolarmente in tutta la campagna.

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Cucci, Luigi, Andrea Tertulliani et Corrado Castellano. « Children of a Lesser Seismological God : The 1971 Tuscania (Central Italy) “Historical” Earthquake ». Seismological Research Letters 91, n^o 5 (3 juin 2020) : 2563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200040.

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Abstract The 6 February 1971 Tuscania (central Italy) earthquake belongs to a peculiar family of destructive seismic events that have occurred in an area classified as low-seismic hazard, causing heavy damage and tens of casualties. However, this earthquake took place at the dawn of modern seismology in Italy and is far from being fully characterized from an instrumental and macroseismological point of view. This article aims at bridging the gap of information that affects that earthquake, through a twofold research path: (1) with an archival investigation looking for new available sources and with the use of the European Macroseismic Scale-98 (EMS-98) intensity scale, and (2) with the calculation of a more constrained hypocentral location. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: the reappraisal of the earthquake in terms of EMS-98 provides a maximum intensity 8 in Tuscania (previously quoted 8–9 Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg [MCS] in the catalog), and a general decrease of intensity in many damaged localities. The new epicenter location is shifted almost 10 km southeast of the old one, at about 3 km depth. This new location is more robust than the previous one and is consistent with the general distribution of the most damaged localities; however, we cannot exclude that effects of directivity might have played a role in the peculiar pattern of damage caused by the event. Finally, we provide new values of magnitude (MD 4.9 and ML 5.1) that point to an upward scaling of the earthquake. The ultimate lesson of this work is that a deepening of the research can always provide room for an improvement of our knowledge even for significant earthquakes that have occurred relatively recently.

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Ceci, Dottssa Francesca. « Le necropoli etrusche di Macchia della Riserva a Tuscania 1. Pian delle Rusciare ». Etruscan Studies 21, n^o 1-2 (7 novembre 2018) : 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/etst-2018-0003.

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Dinelli, Giovanni, Alessandra Bonetti, Ilaria Marotti, Maurizio Minelli et Pietro Catizone. « Characterization of Italian populations ofLoliumspp. resistant and susceptible to diclofop by inter simple sequence repeat ». Weed Science 52, n^o 4 (août 2004) : 554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-125r.

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Three ItalianLoliumweed populations, one susceptible and two resistant to diclofop, were characterized by the technique of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). The goal of this study was to taxonomically identify theseLoliumpopulations as well as to evaluate evidence for introgression of ISSR fragments fromFestucaand the potential role of this introgression in the diclofop response. ISSR analysis confirmed the genomic background of the weed populations to be consistent with that ofLolium. However, the great range of variation in ISSR banding patterns highlighted that the three ryegrass accessions are mixed populations made up of individuals resulting presumably from intrageneric and intergeneric hybridization in theLolium–Festucacomplex. TwoFestucagenus-discriminating and 20Festucaspecies-discriminating ISSR markers were screened among all the three ryegrass populations. The resistant Tuscania population carried the highest percentage ofFestucagenome (16.8%) followed by the resistant Roma (13.6%) and susceptible Vetralla (7.6%) populations. On the basis of these data some influence ofFestucagenome in diclofop resistance levels of studied ryegrass populations could be hypothesized.

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Leone, Antonio, Luca Ceccarelli, M. Nicolina Ripa et Fabio Recanatesi. « CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE PLANNING OF PROTECTED AREAS ARISING FROM A STUDY OF THE TUSCANIA NATURAL RESERVE (CENTRAL ITALY) ». Journal of Agricultural Engineering 42, n^o 3 (22 juin 2012) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2011.2.33.

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Following the increase in protected territories over recent years, emphasis has been laid on improving nature conservation and management effectiveness. In particular, special attention has been given to areas where the interaction between people and the environment has produced a distinct character, rich in both ecological and cultural values. Such areas are known as Protected Landscapes and require a special planning and management focus, in which relevant weight is given to local people. The aim of this research is to present a planning process case study in central Italy (Tuscania, north of Rome), where the protected area plan tackles nature conservation and environmental concerns (i.e. water quality, soil conservation, landscape restoration etc.). The results are of general interest because they are the fruit of an experience in debating and improving both the plan’s contents and planning methods. In particular, they show: i) the primary role of local people in the various phases of planning, including delicate decisions such as the park’s limits and its buffer area; ii) that a protected area plan should not be strictly prescriptive, but should have the role of a strategic master plan; iii) that the protected area policy should be emphasised in the park regulations document, rather than in rigid territorial zoning.

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Leone, Antonio, Luca Ceccarelli, M. Nicolina Ripa et Fabio Recanatesi. « CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE PLANNING OF PROTECTED AREAS ARISING FROM A STUDY OF THE TUSCANIA NATURAL RESERVE (CENTRAL ITALY) ». Journal of Agricultural Engineering 42, n^o 2 (22 juin 2012) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2011.35.

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Chiabrando, Filiberto, Dario Piatti et Fulvio Rinaudo. « Multi-Scale Modeling of the Basilica of San Pietro in Tuscania (Italy). From 3D Data to 2D Representation ». Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (21 décembre 2011) : 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.37.

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The Basilica of San Pietro is a Romanic architecture located in the municipality of Tuscania in the Lazio Region about 100 km far from Rome. In 1971 the apse dome collapsed during the earthquake and the important fresco of a Christ Pantocrator was destroyed. In 1975 the dome was reconstructed using reinforced concrete.In 2010 an integrated survey of the Church has been performed using LiDAR techniques integrated with photogrammetric and topographic methodologies in order to realize a complete 2D documentation of the Basilica of San Pietro. Thanks to the acquired data a complete multi-scale 3D model of the Church and of the surroundings was realized.The aim of this work is to present different strategies in order to realize correct documentations for Cultural Heritage knowledge, using typical 3D survey methodologies (i. e. LiDAR survey and photogrammetry).After data acquisition and processing, several 2D representations were realized in order to carry out traditional supports for the different actors involved in the conservation plans; moreover, starting from the 2D drawing a simplified 3D modeling methodology has been followed in order to define the fundamental geometry of the Basilica and the surroundings: the achieved model could be useful for a small architectural scale description of the structure and for the documentation of the surroundings. For the aforementioned small architectural scale model, the 3D modeling was realized using the information derived from the 2D drawings with an approach based on the Constructive Solid Geometry. Using this approach the real shape of the object is simplified. This methodology is employed in particular when the shape of the structures is simple or to communicate new project ideas of when, as in our case, the aim is to give an idea of the complexity of an architectural Cultural Heritage. In order to follow this objective, a small architectural scale model was realized: the area of the Civita hill was modeled using the information derived from the 1:5000 scale map contours; afterwards the Basilica was modeled in a CAD software using the information derived from the 2D drawings of the Basilica. Finally, a more detailed 3D model was realized to describe the real shape of the transept. All this products were realized thanks to the data acquired during the performed survey. This research underlines that a complete 3D documentation of a Cultural Heritage during the survey phase allows the final user to derive all the products that could be necessary for a correct knowledge of the artifact.

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Laudisio, Alice, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Antonella Gemma, Silvia Giovannini, Maria Rita Lo Monaco, Davide L. Vetrano, Luca Padua, Roberto Bernabei et Giuseppe Zuccalà. « Use of proton-pump inhibitors is associated with depression : a population-based study ». International Psychogeriatrics 30, n^o 1 (13 septembre 2017) : 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217001715.

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ABSTRACTTreatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) might be associated with neuropsychological side effects. We examined the association between use of PPIs and depressive symptoms in an elderly population. Mood was assessed by the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in all 344 inhabitants of Tuscania (Italy) aged 75 years and over, without exclusion criteria; depression was defined by a GDS score ≥11. Use of PPIs was associated with a higher GDS score in linear regression analysis (B = 2.43; 95% CI = 0.49–4.38; p = 0.014) after adjusting; also, use of PPIs was associated with increased adjusted probability of depression in logistic regression (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.02–5.58; p = 0.045). Higher PPIs dosages were associated with increased probability of depression (p for trend = 0.014). This association was independent of the diagnosis of peptic disease, as well as the use of antidepressant medications. No association was found between use of H2-blockers or antacids and the GDS score. Calculation of the population attributable risk indicated that 14% of depression cases could be avoided by withdrawal of PPIs. Use of PPIs might represent a frequent cause of depression in older populations; thus, mood should be routinely assessed in elderly patients on PPIs.

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Noferi, Claudia, Susanna Bracci, Giovanni Bartolozzi, Roberta Iannaccone, Sara Lenzi et Donata Magrini. « Considerations on the polychromy of a group of nenfro sculptures from Tuscania (Viterbo) kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Florence ». Technè, n^o 48 (31 décembre 2019) : 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/techne.2378.

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de Felice, Gianmarco, Clarisse Choueiri, Rodrigo Yanez Chura et Pietro Meriggi. « An integrated approach for the investigation of the seismic behaviour of churches : the case study of St. Maria Maggiore in Tuscania ». Procedia Structural Integrity 44 (2023) : 2122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2023.01.271.

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Rosati, Simone. « Los gremios medievales de los agricultores y sus estatutos en las tierras pontificias (siglos XIV y XV) ». Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Medieval, n^o 22 (29 septembre 2021) : 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medieval.19538.

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El presente estudio pretende reconstruir la explotación y gestión de los recursos naturales en los territorios pontificios en los siglos XIV y XV. La investigación se llevará a cabo a través del estudio histórico-jurídico de los testimonios dejados por las corporaciones entre los agricultores en los dominios temporales de la Iglesia. Tras describir las peculiaridades gremiales agrícolas medievales y sus estatutos, se examinarán con detalle los cuatro gremios de agricultores que, en el estado actual de la investigación, están presentes en la zona geográfica considerada: Tarquinia, Viterbo, Tuscania y Roma. Las tres primeras corporaciones serán objeto de un estudio común ya que presentan considerables similitudes tanto en contenido como estructura, que permiten suponer una influencia mutua en la redacción de los iura propria. El gremio de Roma, que constituye un unicum en el panorama italiano, será objeto de un estudio específico con el fin de representar sus elementos originales. El examen de las fuentes citadas permitirá comprender no sólo la organización interna de los gremios medievales de los agricultores y el tipo de actividad desarrollada en relación con la gestión de los recursos naturales, sino que también ofrecerá una visión más amplia del sistema de propiedad medieval, de la administración de justicia en las tierras pontificias y de la relación entre ius commune e iura propria.

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Amoroso, Serafina. « G. GIOVANNONI - Tuscany Beyond Tuscany. Rethinking the City from the Periphery ». ZARCH, n^o 14 (3 novembre 2020) : 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020144524.

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Giulio GiovannoniTuscany beyond Tuscany. Rethinking the City from the PeripheryFlorence: Didapress (Dipartimento di Architettura Università degli Studi di Firenze), CTS Critical Tuscan Studies Series, 2017, 182 pages. Softcover. Language: English. 30 €.ISBN-10: 8896080932

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DAPPORTO, LEONARDO, et FRANCO STRUMIA. « The thorny subject of insular endemic taxonomy : morphometrics reveal no evidence of speciation between Coenonympha corinna and Coenonympha elbana butterflies (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) ». Zootaxa 1755, n^o 1 (24 avril 2008) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1755.1.3.

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Species demarcation between mainland and island endemic populations is often subjective according to the biological concept of species. However, the recognition of the specific status of island endemics is decisive for biogeography and conservation studies. In this paper we applied rigorous morphometric analyses instead of subjective visual evaluation to solve the long debated question whether the endemic butterfly from Tuscany Coenonympha elbana should be considered as a separated entity from the endemic C. corinna from Sardinia and Corsica. We carried out traditional and geometric morphometric analyses of wing pattern and male genitalia comparing the populations from Corsica, Sardinia, Tuscan Archipelago and Tuscany. We found that Sardo-Corsican C. corinna and Tuscan C. elbana can be distinguished only on the basis of the dimension of ventral wing ocelli. However, this characteristic shows a clinal pattern from Sardinia to Tuscany. Moreover, there is not any clear diversification in the shape of male genitalia between the two entities and each islet population can not be unambiguously attributed to one of the two taxa. In conclusion, we found no decisive evidence for a specific diversification between these two entities and the Coenonympha corinna/elbana complex, occurring both in Sardinia-Corsica and in the Italian mainland, should not be strictly considered as an endemic insular taxa.

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Wells, Courtney Joseph. « «Pensemus qualiter viri prehonorati a propria diverterunt» (DVE, I, xiv, 5) : els textos occitans d’un cercle de poetes toscans ». Mot so razo 18 (19 février 2021) : 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/msr.v18i0.22592.

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Abstract: This article re-examines a set of Occitan texts written by a circle of Tuscan poets and their importance for understanding the reception of troubadour culture in medieval Tuscany. Often viewed as marginal, these texts have not been adequately analyzed for what they can tell us about the use of Occitan as a literary language in Italy at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries. Instead of casting them as unoriginal, derivative, or linguistically incorrect attempts at Occitan composition by foreign poets, this article considers their originality, innovation, and the transformations they may have undergone in their transmission history. Arguing that these texts be viewed as invaluable evidence of a vibrant Occitanophone literary culture in Tuscany, I advocate for further inquiry into the multilingual compositions of this circle of Tuscan poets. Keywords: Dante Alighieri, Occitan Literature in Italy, Occitan Literature in Catalonia, Medieval Multilingualism, Sonnet.

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Nuti, Sabina, Anna Bonini, Anna Maria Murante et Milena Vainieri. « Performance assessment in the maternity pathway in Tuscany region ». Health Services Management Research 22, n^o 3 (août 2009) : 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/hsmr.2008.008017.

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The paper describes the performance measurement system of the maternity pathway used in Tuscany by health care professionals, general managers and regional policy-makers. This system uses 19 indicators grouped in six dimensions: population's state of health; compliance with regional guidelines; efficiency and financial performance; clinical and health assessment; patient satisfaction; and employees' satisfaction. The results are represented on a spider diagram that summarizes the results on the different dimensions. The Tuscan performance measurement system of the maternity pathway has been used to identify best practice within, and their adoption throughout, the Tuscan public health care system.

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Martiello, Michele Arcangelo, Francesco Cipriani, Fabio Voller, Eva Buiatti et Mariano Giacchi. « The descriptive epidemiology of suicide in Tuscany, 1988-2002 ». Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 15, n^o 3 (septembre 2006) : 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004450.

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SUMMARYAims – To describe the epidemiology of Suicide in Tuscany according to the triad of time, place and person. Methods – The 4, 764 cases of suicide, defined according to categories E950-E959 of ICD-9 in Tuscany over the period 1988–2002, were obtained from the Tuscan Mortality Register. Mortality indicators were calculated and analyzed. The spatial analysis was carried out by deriving Empirical Bayes Estimates for the 287 municipalities. Results – The crude mortality rate in the 2000–2002 is 7.8 per 100000 population (male: 12.4; female: 3.5). The age-standardized rate in the 2000–2002 is 5.8 per 100, 000 population (male: 9.6; female: 2.6). The highest risk for suicide, especially in the case of males, are concentrated in the southern hinterland Tuscany, in a cluster of rural municipalities that represent the old mining district of Tuscany. The SMRs according to residential municipality (population per square kilometre), confirm a greater risk of suicide for males residing in rural communities. Conclusions – The cluster of excessive mortality from suicide in Southern Tuscany could be the consequence of social determinants, related to the urban and social crisis following agriculture decline and mine closure.Declaration of Interest: none.

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DICKEY, TIMOTHY J. « ‘Jerusalem, Convertere’ : The De Quadris Lamentations of Jeremiah, early modern Tuscany and a new manuscript source ». Plainsong and Medieval Music 15, n^o 2 (30 août 2006) : 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137106000362.

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This article discusses the implications of a new fragmentary manuscript of fifteenth-century polyphony on musicians' biographies, the dating of other manuscripts, and the cultural ties between Venice and the two great Tuscan powers of Florence and Siena. This parchment fragment recovered from a Sienese archival binding represents the earliest surviving concordance between the music of the two Tuscan rivals. It once stood in a Tuscan collection of Holy Week polyphony, including the Lamentations of Jeremiah as set by the Venetian composer Johannes de Quadris; it may have originally been the property of a contado parish church or monastery. The specific musical text of the Siena fragment also can shed new light upon the dating and musical transmission of two contemporary Florentine manuscripts (I-Fn II.I.350 and I-Fd 21), containing music of Brumel, Carpentras and Bernardo Pisano. Finally, the rare Tuscan concordance can begin to clarify some of the earliest known traffic in polyphony between Tuscany and distant Venice.

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Gallozzi, Francesco, Claudia Corti, Riccardo Castiglia, Vasco Avramo, Gabriele Senczuk, Claudia Mattioni et Paolo Colangelo. « The Intriguing Biogeographic Pattern of the Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus (Squamata : Lacertidae) in the Tuscan Archipelago Reveals the Existence of a New Ancient Insular Clade ». Animals 13, n^o 3 (23 janvier 2023) : 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030386.

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The Tuscan Archipelago is one of the most ancient and ecologically heterogeneous island systems in the Mediterranean. The biodiversity of these islands was strongly shaped by the Pliocene and Pleistocene sea regressions and transgression, resulting in different waves of colonization and isolation of species coming from the mainland. The Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus, is present on the following islands of the Tuscan Archipelago: Elba, Giglio, Giannutri, Capraia, Montecristo and Cerboli. The species in the area displays a relatively high morphological variability that in the past led to the description of several subspecies. In this study, both the genetic and morphological diversity of P. siculus of the Tuscan Archipelago were investigated. Specifically, the meristic characters and the dorsal pattern were analyzed, while the genetic relationships among these populations were explored with mtDNA and microsatellite nuclear markers to reconstruct the colonization history of the Archipelago. Our results converge in the identification of at least two different waves of colonization in the Archipelago: Elba, and the populations of Cerboli and Montecristo probably originate from historical introductions from mainland Tuscany, while those of Giglio and Capraia are surviving populations of an ancient lineage which colonized the Tuscan Archipelago during the Pliocene and which shares a common ancestry with the P. siculus populations of south-eastern Italy. Giannutri perhaps represents an interesting case of hybridization between the populations from mainland Tuscany and the Giglio-Capraia clade. Based on the high phenotypic and molecular distinctiveness of this ancient clade, these populations should be treated as distinct units deserving conservation and management efforts as well as further investigation to assess their taxonomic status.

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Capezzuoli, Enrico, Amalia Spina, Andrea Brogi, Domenico Liotta, Gabriella Bagnoli, Martina Zucchi, Giancarlo Molli et Renzo Regoli. « Reconsidering the Variscan Basement of Southern Tuscany (Inner Northern Apennines) ». Geosciences 11, n^o 2 (12 février 2021) : 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020084.

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The Pre-Mesozoic units exposed in the inner Northern Apennines mostly consist of Pennsylvanian-Permian successions unconformably deposited on a continental crust consolidated at the end of the Variscan orogenic cycle (Silurian-Carboniferous). In the inner Northern Apennines, exposures of this continental crust, Cambrian?-Devonian in age, have been described in Northern Tuscany, Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago) and, partly, in scattered and isolated outcrops of southern Tuscany. This paper reappraises the most significant succession (i.e., Risanguigno Formation) exposed in southern Tuscany and considered by most authors as part of the Variscan Basement. New stratigraphic and structural studies, coupled with analyses of the organic matter content, allow us to refine the age of the Risanguigno Fm and its geological setting and evolution. Based on the low diversification of palynoflora, the content of sporomorphs, the structural setting and the new field study, this formation is dated as late Tournaisian to Visean (Middle Mississippian) and is not affected by pre-Alpine deformation. This conclusion, together with the already existing data, clearly indicate that no exposures of rocks involved in the Variscan orogenesis occur in southern Tuscany.

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Gori, Giuseppe Francesco, Patrizia Lattarulo et Renato Panicciŕ. « Infrastructure, Accessibility and Growth in Tuscany : A Macroeconomic Impact Evaluation ». SCIENZE REGIONALI, n^o 3 (novembre 2010) : 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/scre2010su3004.

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The purpose of the paper is to assess the impact of the Regional Mobility and Logistic Plan (RMLP) of Tuscany on regional growth and spatial disparities between the Tuscan provinces. In order to evaluate its economic impact, we first quantify the impact in terms of changes in travel time and variations in the cost of transportation per unit of delivered output. We then make use of the Remi-Irpet model. The latter explains the agglomeration economies and productivity differentials. We find that, despite the fact that the RMLP does not solve the structural problem of mobility within Tuscany, it does make it possible to get rid of some potential constraints for long-term regional growth, even if the economic impact across the provinces is disequalizing.

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Emigh, Rebecca Jean. « Forms of property rights or class capacities : The example of Tuscan sharecropping ». European Journal of Sociology 41, n^o 1 (mai 2000) : 22–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007876.

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This paper criticizes the economic perspective that property rights determine economic outcomes, by examining sharecropping, because this form of property right can be associated with remarkably different economic outcomes. In particular, drawing on evidence from fifteenth-century Tuscany, it is argued that landlords' and tenants' class capacities explain sharecropping's variability. The results show that Tuscan sharecropping was efficient and contractual, because the difference in landlords' and tenants' class capacity was relatively small.

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Hawgood, Barbara J. « Francesco Redi (1626–1697) : Tuscan Philosopher, Physician and Poet ». Journal of Medical Biography 11, n^o 1 (février 2003) : 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200301100108.

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From 1660 to 1697 Francesco Redi was physician to two Grand Dukes of Tuscany as well as a natural philosopher and poet at the Medici court. Redi produced the first experimental evidence that insects do not spontaneously generate from decaying matter and that the poison of the viper resides in the yellow fluid in fang sheaths. He was also a pioneer parasitologist. His bacchanalian poem in praise of Tuscan wines is still read in Italy today.

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Davide, Trentacoste. « Grand Ducal ambitions and Venetian counter-intelligence. The Tuscan failure in the 1607 attack on Cyprus. » Revista Historia Autónoma, n^o 18 (31 mars 2021) : 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rha2021.18.003.

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In June 1607, a Tuscan fleet of about twenty ships and two thousand two hundred men attacked the fortress of Famagusta in Cyprus, with the aim of making it the base for the subsequent occupation of the whole island, which had been in Ottoman hands since 1570. The attack was a total failure: the Tuscan fleet, divided into two parts, did not meet as planned and the Greek inhabitants of the island, who according to Tuscan information should have rebelled, did not. Moreover, the Ottoman garrison was aware of the attack, which meant that the attempt at a surprise attack was in vain. It is clear that, excluding the logistical problem of the fleet meeting up, the enterprise’s lack of success was due to a total inadequacy of what we today would call “intelligence”. The information in Tuscans’ hands did not turn out to be completely correct and they were unable to keep the planned operation secret. However, by contrast, the Venetian intelligence was able to manage the information in its possession in a more cautious way, taking advantage of the situation effectively. Through this case study, the article aims to follow the scholarship on information-gathering in the Early Modern Mediterranean world, showing, once again, how important and extensive such networks were. The aim of this short study, which is based largely on archival documentation, is not to deal with the Tuscan raid on the island, but to identify the faults of the Tuscan “intelligence” that led to the misfortunate attack. Moreover, through the analysis of the documents, it is also possible to add some elements to the knowledge about the Tuscan Grand Duke’s Levantine network.

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Salvestrini, Francesco. « Statuti e cartae libertatum di emanazione signorile nella Toscana dei secoli XIII e XIV ». SOCIETÀ E STORIA, n^o 124 (octobre 2009) : 197–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2009-124001.

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- The historiography on rural statutes in medieval Italy has so far paid scant attention to stautory texts of seigneurial origin; these sources, however, contain important information on the residual authority of local landlords and on village communities between the 13th and 14th centuries. This contribution dwells on the style of local legislation in the Tuscan area and points out differences between documents issued by lay and ecclesiastical landlords. Whenever possible, these are compared to urban statutes.Parole chiave: Medioevo; Toscana; Signoria; statuti; comunitÀ rurali.Key words: Middle Ages; Tuscany, Seigneuries; Statutes; Rural Communities.

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Carta, Angelino, Leonardo Forbicioni, Giuliano Frangini, Brunello Pierini et Lorenzo Peruzzi. « An updated inventory of the vascular flora of Elba island (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy) ». Italian Botanist 6 (5 juillet 2018) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.6.26568.

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We present an updated list of the vascular flora occurring on Elba island (Tuscan Archipelago). The list is based on bibliographic analysis and field studies carried out in the years 2006–2018. With a total of 1,098 specific and subspecific taxa currently occurring on the island (including 101 naturalized aliens), plus 67 casual aliens and 16 hybrid taxa, Elba shows the highest number of species among the islands of the Tuscan Archipelago. Two taxa are new for Tuscany: Hieraciumsymphytaceum s.l. and Ophrysexaltatasubsp.morisii; 22 taxa are new for the island, 34 have been confirmed, while 326 were reliably recorded previously by other authors, but not confirmed by our study. We excluded 41 taxa and considered doubtful the occurrence of 87. Life forms and chorotypes are in agreement with the Mediterranean climate of the island. Despite this, Elba also hosts a considerable proportion of Eurosiberian taxa. We detected significant differences in chorotypes and life forms spectra among different geographical portions of the island, paralleling distinct bioclimatic patterns. Despite the institution of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, we are still far from an integrated protection of the island flora. Based on our results, it has been possible to arrange a geodatabase of the flora on the island, useful for its protection.

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Pighini, Luca. « Candidati, eletti e temi del M5S in Toscana ». Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale. QOE - IJES 75, n^o 1 (30 juin 2016) : 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-9265.

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The 2015 Italian local elections strengthen significantly the presence of the Five Star Movement (M5S) in Tuscany with the entry of new faces into more than 150 council members, including the city of Livorno. Both nationally and locally, the fall of 2014 brought about internal disputes within the political movement, and were followed by the resignation of many Tuscan councilmen and the leaving of many activists. Despite contrasting definitions, the M5S successfully manages this internal unrest and elaborates its political offer for the regional elections. The article wishes to reconstruct this political offer in light of the 2015 regional elections in Tuscany. It specifically analyses the following: the process of selection, the background of candidates, the main issues of the electoral campaign and their results. What are the territories where the M5S was rooted the most? What are the profiles of the elected? What are their political stances? The methodological frame is based on materials collected from the movement's website, media coverage, public initiatives and face-to-face interviews with M5S candidates (elected and not).

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Contran, Nicla, et Elena Paoletti. « Visible Foliar Injury and Physiological Responses to Ozone in Italian Provenances ofFraxinus excelsiorandF. ornus ». Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007) : 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.10.

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We compared leaf visible injury and physiological responses (gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence) to high O3exposure (150 nmol mol–1h, 8 h day–1, 35–40 days) of two woody species of the same genus with different ecological features: the mesophilic green ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the xerotolerant manna ash (F. ornus). We also studied how provenances from northern (Piedmont) and central (Tuscany) Italy, within the two species, responded to O3exposure. Onset and extent of visible foliar injury suggested thatF. excelsiorwas more O3sensitive thanF. ornus. The higher stomatal conductance inF. ornusthan inF. excelsiorsuggested a larger potential O3uptake, in disagreement to lower visible foliar injury. The higher carbon assimilation inF. ornussuggested a higher potential of O3detoxification and/or repair. Contrasting geographical variations of ash sensitivity to O3were recorded, as Piedmont provenances reduced gas exchange less than Tuscan provenances inF. excelsiorand more inF. ornus. Visible injury was earlier and more severe inF. excelsiorfrom Piedmont than from Tuscany, while the provenance did not affect visible injury onset and extent inF. ornus.

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Girelli, Chiara Roberta, Laura Del Coco, Samanta Zelasco, Amelia Salimonti, Francesca Luisa Conforti, Andrea Biagianti, Daniele Barbini et Francesco Paolo Fanizzi. « Traceability of “Tuscan PGI” Extra Virgin Olive Oils by 1H NMR Metabolic Profiles Collection and Analysis ». Metabolites 8, n^o 4 (30 septembre 2018) : 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo8040060.

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According to Coldiretti, Italy still continues to hold the European Quality record in extra virgin olive oils with origin designation and protected geographical indication (PDO and PGI). To date, 46 Italian brands are recognized by the European Union: 42 PDO and 4 PGI (Tuscan PGI, Calabria PGI; Tuscia PGI and PGI Sicily). Specific regulations, introduced for these quality marks, include the designation of both the geographical areas and the plant varieties contributing to the composition of the olive oil. However, the PDO and PGI assessment procedures are currently based essentially on farmer declarations. Tuscan PGI extra virgin olive oil is one of the best known Italian trademarks around the world. Tuscan PGI varietal platform is rather wide including 31 specific olive cultivars which should account for at least 95% of the product. On the other hand, while the characteristics of other popular Italian extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) cultivars from specific geographical areas have been extensively studied (such as those of Coratina based blends from Apulia), little is still known about Tuscan PGI EVOO constituents. In this work, we performed, for the first time, a large-scale analysis of Tuscan PGI monocultivar olive oils by 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses (MVA). After genetic characterization of 217 leaf samples from 24 selected geographical areas, distributed all over the Tuscany, a number of 202 micro-milled oil samples including 10 PGI cultivars, was studied. The results of the present work confirmed the need of monocultivar genetically certified EVOO samples for the construction of 1H-NMR-metabolic profiles databases suitable for cultivar and/or geographical origin assessment. Such specific PGI EVOOs databases could be profitably used to justify the high added value of the product and the sustainability of the related supply chain.

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BRAND, BENJAMIN. « The vigils of medieval Tuscany ». Plainsong and Medieval Music 17, n^o 1 (avril 2008) : 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137108000764.

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AbstractOf the liturgical ceremonies enacted by the papal court in the Middle Ages, few were as distinctive as the ‘double offices’ that occurred on nights before high feasts of the Sanctorale. These consisted of two night offices, a private ‘vigil’ enacted by the pope and his entourage at dusk and a public office at the normal hour of Matins. Even as this custom flourished in Rome through the twelfth century, it concomitantly migrated north to cathedrals throughout Tuscany. Typically comprising only one nocturn, the Tuscan vigils shed their once private character, presenting a selection of the plainsong and lessons of the night office at a convenient hour for the laity. They likewise acquired distinctively civic overtones as cathedral clerics employed them in honour of local patron saints. Nowhere was this transformation more evident than in Florence and Lucca, where the vigils of Sts Zenobius and Reparata, Regulus and Martin emerged as eminently public spectacles. In this way, Tuscan clerics transformed a venerable Roman tradition into an emblem of civic as well as ecclesiastical prestige.

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Boschi, Sonia, Chiara Bernardini et Andrea Vignoli. « The Tuscany Masonry Database Website ». Heritage 4, n^o 1 (22 janvier 2021) : 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4010014.

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The Tuscany Masonry Database (TMDB) is an online database containing the results and the complete experimental data of in situ experimental tests carried out on masonry panels of masonry buildings located in the Tuscany Region (Italy), starting from 1990. The results can be freely downloaded by users after registration on the site. To date, the TMDB includes 142 georeferenced tests, comprising 50 diagonal tests, 5 compression tests, and 87 flat-jack tests. In addition, there are tests on the components, such as compression tests on blocks, penetrometric testing on mortar, macroscopic or microscopic analysis of mortar, and coring. The results are supported by a qualitative description of the masonry texture and are compared with the reference values of the mechanical characteristics proposed by the Italian Building Code. The data come from scientific literature and are the result of collaborations between the Seismic Sector of the Tuscany Region and some Tuscan University Laboratories, or they are shared by private test laboratories mainly acting in Tuscany. The TMDB was developed and is constantly updated by the authors to provide support to researchers and freelance engineers in the knowledge process phase of masonry buildings, as well as for that of particular structures, such as heritage buildings. Furthermore, it allows for the filling of the lack of particularity of masonry classification and for the consideration of particular masonry types existing in local areas, for which there are no literature data or specific experimentation. Further tests are currently being processed to be included in the database, and divulgation activity on the project is foreseen. Furthermore, national and international collaborations are underway for the expansion of the database, with the aim of unifying test procedures and updating the codes.

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Berni, Roberto, Claudio Cantini, Massimo Guarnieri, Massimo Nepi, Jean-Francois Hausman, Gea Guerriero, Marco Romi et Giampiero Cai. « Nutraceutical Characteristics of Ancient Malus x domestica Borkh. Fruits Recovered across Siena in Tuscany ». Medicines 6, n^o 1 (18 février 2019) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010027.

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Background: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to lowering the risk of chronic diseases. The fruits of Malus x domestica are a rich dietary source of bioactive compounds, namely vitamins and antioxidants, with recognized action on human health protection. Tuscany is known for its rich plant biodiversity, especially represented by ancient varieties of fruit trees. Particularly noteworthy are the many ancient Tuscan varieties of apple trees. Methods: Sugar quantification via HPLC and spectrophotometric assays to quantify the antioxidant power and total polyphenol content revealed interesting differences in 17 old varieties of Malus x domestica Borkh. recovered in Siena (Tuscany). Results: The quantification of antioxidants, polyphenols, and the main free sugars revealed that their content in the old fruits was often superior to the widespread commercial counterparts (‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’). Such differences were, in certain cases, dramatic, with 8-fold higher values. Differences were also present for sugars and fibers (pectin). Most ancient fruits displayed low values of glucose and high contents of xylitol and pectin. Conclusions: The results reported here suggest the possible use of ancient apple varieties from Siena for nutraceutical purposes and draw attention to the valorization of local old varieties.

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Fagarazzi, C., C. Sergiacomi et E. Marone. « From European forestry strategies to implementing local policies : a study on public forest workers in the Tuscany region of Italy ». International Forestry Review 23, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2021) : 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821833992848.

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Even though forests represent almost half of the EU territory, the implementation of forestry strategies is delegated to local government institutions. This study proposes an overview of the main European forestry strategies, national (Italian) guidelines and local implementation instruments (in Tuscany). This approach made it possible to identify the actual executors of forestry policies, i.e., the public forest workers. The paper provides a framework of the recent dynamics of regional forestry instruments, their effects on available financial resources and their technicaloperational consequences. Furthermore, Tuscan public forest worker profiles were defined through an online questionnaire. The results show that it is essential to activate constant monitoring of local actions in order to verify the effectiveness of superordinate forestry policies.

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Sinisgalli, Ersilia, Caterina Silvestri, Stefano Bravi, Vega Ceccherini, Tommaso Tanini, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Cristina Stasi et Fabio Voller. « Infectious diseases in the Tuscan detention setting : data from the Health Agency of Tuscany ». Public Health 141 (décembre 2016) : 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.02.019.

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Zube, Ervin H. « Vanishing tuscan landscapes landscape ecology of a submediterranean-montane area (Solano Basin, Tuscany, Italy) ». Landscape and Urban Planning 27, n^o 1 (novembre 1993) : 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(93)90030-h.

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Pellecchia, Marco, Riccardo Negrini, Licia Colli, Massimiliano Patrini, Elisabetta Milanesi, Alessandro Achilli, Giorgio Bertorelle et al. « The mystery of Etruscan origins : novel clues from Bos taurus mitochondrial DNA ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 274, n^o 1614 (13 février 2007) : 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0258.

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The Etruscan culture developed in Central Italy (Etruria) in the first millennium BC and for centuries dominated part of the Italian Peninsula, including Rome. The history of the Etruscans is at the roots of Mediterranean culture and civilization, but their origin is still debated: local or Eastern provenance? To shed light on this mystery, bovine and human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) have been investigated, based on the well-recognized strict legacy which links human and livestock populations. In the region corresponding to ancient Etruria (Tuscany, Central Italy), several Bos taurus breeds have been reared since historical times. These breeds have a strikingly high level of mtDNA variation, which is found neither in the rest of Italy nor in Europe. The Tuscan bovines are genetically closer to Near Eastern than to European gene pools and this Eastern genetic signature is paralleled in modern human populations from Tuscany, which are genetically close to Anatolian and Middle Eastern ones. The evidence collected corroborates the hypothesis of a common past migration: both humans and cattle reached Etruria from the Eastern Mediterranean area by sea. Hence, the Eastern origin of Etruscans, first claimed by the classic historians Herodotus and Thucydides, receives strong independent support. As the Latin philosopher Seneca wrote: Asia Etruscos sibi vindicat (Asia claims the Etruscans back).

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Zuffi, Marco Alberto Luca, Alan J. Coladonato, Gianluca Lombardo, Antonio Torroni, Matilde Boschetti, Stefano Scali, Marco Mangiacotti et Roberto Sacchi. « The Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus campestris, unexpected presence on Gorgona Island (Tuscan Archipelago) ». Acta Herpetologica 17, n^o 2 (28 juillet 2022) : 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/a_h-12388.

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We here report the unexpected presence of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus campestris) on Gorgona Island, in the Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano (Tuscan Archipelago, Tyrrhenian Sea, Tuscany, Central Italy). Field observations were carried out in 2020 confirming its presence on the island, where it had never been reported before. We recorded 37 GPS points of the species in three major areas of Gorgona (with 50 lizard records) and about 180 visual counts regarding all age classes (newborns, juveniles and adults). The species was found in the urban area (site of state prison) and in two grassy and bushed areas, around and along olive tree plantations. Seven individuals were captured and their tails were used to assess the sequence variation of the mitochondrial CYB gene. Biometrical parameters were also evaluated for six of these individuals. We detected three distinct CYB haplotypes that were compared to Podarcis siculus CYB sequences available in public databases. They resulted identical or phylogenetically closest to those found in mainland Tuscany. One haplotype, found in three specimens, was identical to one previously detected at Orti Bottagone (WWF Oasis in Piombino), while the other two haplotypes were most similar to haplotypes reported in the Giannella peninsula and Pisa, respectively.

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Del Viva, Maria Michela, Ilaria Mariani, Carmen De Caro et Galina V. Paramei. « Florence “blues” are clothed in triple basic terms ». i-Perception 13, n^o 5 (septembre 2022) : 204166952211249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221124964.

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Psycholinguistic studies provide evidence that Italian has more than one basic color term (BCT) for “blue”: consensually, blu denotes “dark blue,” while “light-and-medium blue,” with diatopic variation, is termed either azzurro or celeste. For Tuscan speakers (predominantly from Florence), the BLUE area is argued to linguistically differentiate between azzurro “medium blue” and celeste “light blue.” We scrutinized “basicness” of the three terms. Participants ( N = 31; university students/graduates born in Tuscany) named each chip of eight Munsell charts encompassing the BLUE area (5BG-5PB; N = 237) using an unconstrained color-naming method. They then indicated the “best exemplar” (focal color) of blu, azzurro and celeste. We found that frequencies of the three terms and of term derivatives were comparable. Referential meaning of blu, azzurro, and celeste was estimated in CIELAB space as L*a*b*-coordinates of the mean of focal colors and as “modal” categories, that is, dispersion around the mean. The three “blue” terms were distinct on both measures and separated along all three CIELAB dimensions but predominantly along the L*-dimension. Our results provide evidence that Tuscan speakers require all three terms for naming the BLUE area, categorically refined along the lightness dimension. Furthermore, celeste appears to be a third BCT for “blue,” along with commonly considered BCTs azzurro and blu. The “triple blues” as BCTs for Tuscan speakers are in contrast with outcomes of two “blue” basic terms estimated by using the same methodology in two other locations in Italy— azzurro and blu (Verona, Veneto region) or celeste and blu (Alghero, Sardinia).

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Germanier, Rachel, et Niccolò Moricciani. « Perceiving and Adapting to Climate Change : Perspectives of Tuscan Wine-Producing Agritourism Owners ». Sustainability 15, n^o 3 (22 janvier 2023) : 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032100.

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It is now widely accepted that climate change is having a profound impact on the weather systems around the world. These, in turn, have a considerable effect on two important elements of the Tuscan economy: wine production and tourism. This case study sought to explore the relationship between the perception of Tuscan wine-producing agritourism owners of the potentially abstract notion of climate change and their concrete experiences as entrepreneurs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight wine-producing agritourism owners or managers in Val d’Orcia, a small area of Siena, Tuscany, and analysed thematically. The impact of climate change on the area’s viticulture is undeniable but the responses to the challenges are more nuanced. Political leadership on the climate crisis appears absent and perhaps as a consequence, these small-scale operators lack knowledge and funds to enable them to plan ahead: they react often day-to-day to the immediate weather conditions rather than planning long term. While recognizing the difficulties they face from climate change as viticulturists, as agrotourism owners they welcome the longer seasons which enable them to open in the formerly barren shoulder seasons but struggle with last-minute cancellations due to unpredictable weather in the area.

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Lazzeri, Giacomo, Donatella Panatto, Andrea Pammolli, Elena Azzolini, Rita Simi, Veronica Meoni, Mariano V. Giacchi, Daniela Amicizia et Roberto Gasparini. « Trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in Tuscan schoolchildren (2002–2012) ». Public Health Nutrition 18, n^o 17 (29 mai 2015) : 3078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001676.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and time trends in childhood overweight including obesity and obesity among Tuscan children from 2002 to 2012.DesignCross-sectional study at five time points (Tuscan Nutritional Surveillance Surveys conducted in the years of 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012). Trained personnel directly measured the height and weight of the subjects. BMI was assessed by means of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and WHO cut-offs.SettingRepresentative sample of children in the Tuscany region (Italy).SubjectsChildren (n 7183) aged between 7·5 and 9·5 years (3711 boys and 3472 girls).ResultsWith respect to the estimation of the absolute prevalence level of childhood overweight, a discrepancy was observed between the two criteria. In all surveys, more boys than girls were overweight (including obesity). Trend analysis showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of overweight including obesity and obesity in Tuscan children from 2002 to 2012 (32·0 % v. 25·8 %, P<0·001 on using IOTF criteria and 37·7 % v. 34·3 %, P<0·001 on using WHO criteria for overweight including obesity; and 10·0 % v. 6·7 %, P<0·001 on using IOTF criteria and 12·5 % v. 11·3 %, P=0·035 on using WHO criteria for obesity).ConclusionsThe present study is the first report from an Italian region showing a significant decrease in childhood obesity and overweight in the last 10 years. This reduction is probably a result of regional and local actions that have taken place in many sectors of society. However, efforts should be made to lower the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight further.

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Paura, Bruno, et Piera Di Marzio. « Making a Virtue of Necessity : The Use of Wild Edible Plant Species (Also Toxic) in Bread Making in Times of Famine According to Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti (1766) ». Biology 11, n^o 2 (11 février 2022) : 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020285.

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In 1766, the agricultural scientist Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti described for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the wild and cultivated plant species that could be used, in times of famine, to increase the quantity of flour or vegetable mass in bread making. These wild plants can be defined as wild edible plants (WEPs) or “alimurgic species”, a concept usually traced back to Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti himself. The 342 plant names mentioned in the text are in the Tuscan vernacular, so a research work was done on bibliographic sources from the 1800s in order to match them with their current nomenclature. This process led to an “alimurgic flora” repertoire based on the writing of Targioni Tozzetti; and a comparison with our AlimurgITA database of 1103 wild edible plants used in Italy. It is particularly interesting that in his short treatise, Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti identified eight toxic plants (corresponding to 14 species), indicating how to eliminate the poisonous substances from their useful roots. We treat them in detail, examining their current and past use, their geographical distribution in Italy, and their eventual toxicity. We obtained 343 matches, of which 198 were reliable (certain matches) and 145 possessed some degree of uncertainty (due to generic or collective vernacular names). Among the 198 certain identifications, 140 species are present in the AlimurgITA database (92 mentioned for Tuscany) and 58 are not; for bread-making there are only documentary traces of 53 species for Italy and 7 for Tuscany. Moreover, among the total 198 species, 84 showed some degree of hazard. Researching edible toxic spontaneous species allows: (1) investigation, from an unusual perspective, of a historical period in which the poor conditions of some social strata led to finding unusual solutions to food provision; (2) idea generation to re-enable potentially useful WEPs whose use has been lost. Making a virtue of necessity!

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Gorini, Giuseppe, Lucia Giovannetti, Giovanna Masala, Elisabetta Chellini, Andrea Martini, Sandra Mallone et Adele Seniori Costantini. « Gastric Cancer Mortality Trends in Tuscany, Italy, 1971–2004 ». Tumori Journal 94, n^o 6 (novembre 2008) : 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160809400602.

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Aims, Background, and Methods In Tuscany, Italy, gastric cancer mortality has been decreasing since 1950, although with relevant geographical variability across the region. In Eastern Tuscan areas close to the mountains (high risk areas), gastric cancer mortality has been and is still significantly higher than that recorded in Western coastal areas and in the city of Florence (low risk areas). High-risk areas also showed higher Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence. Aim of this paper is to study gastric cancer mortality trends in high and low-risk areas, during the period 1971–2004, using age-period-cohort models. Results In high-risk areas, gastric cancer mortality rates declined from 61.4 per 100,000 in 1971–74 to 19.8 in 2000–2004 and in low-risk areas from 34.9 to 9.8. Mortality decline in high-risk areas was mainly attributable to a birth cohort effect, whereas in low-risk areas it was due either to a birth cohort effect or a period effect. In low- and high-risk areas, birth-cohort risks of dying decreased over subsequent generations, except for the birth cohorts born around the second world war. Conclusions Gastric cancer mortality in areas with higher H. pylori seroprevalence in Tuscany (high-risk areas) showed a predominant decline by birth cohort, in particular for younger generations, possibly due to the decrease of the infection for improvement of living conditions.

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Conti, Maurizio. « New data on the biostratigraphy of the Tuscan Cherts at Monte Cetona (Southern Tuscany, Italy) ». Marine Micropaleontology 11, n^o 1-3 (novembre 1986) : 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(86)90007-1.

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Boschiero, Luciano. « Translation, Experimentation and the Spring of the Air : Richard Waller's Essayes of Natural Experiments ». Notes and Records of the Royal Society 64, n^o 1 (14 octobre 2009) : 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2009.0026.

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In 1668, when the Royal Society of London received a copy of the book of experiments compiled by the Tuscan Accademia del Cimento, it was deemed by the Society to contain little that was new or innovative, and was seemingly soon forgotten. Yet 15 years later, Richard Waller's English translation of this book was licensed and published by the Society. The only reason offered by historians for this turnaround in the English attitude towards the book has been the social and political circumstances facing the Society in the early 1680s. However, a closer look at the reception of the translation and the intellectual interests of some of the Society's members at this time, especially the Society's temporary curator, Denis Papin, reveals that the Tuscans' work was re-evaluated for its significance to natural philosophical theories developed in the field of pneumatics.

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van Tilburg, Theo, Betty Havens et Jenny de Jong Gierveld. « Loneliness among Older Adults in the Netherlands, Italy, and Canada : A Multifaceted Comparison ». Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 23, n^o 2 (2004) : 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cja.2004.0026.

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ABSTRACTLoneliness is experienced in many cultures. To properly assess cross-cultural differences, attention should be paid to the level, determinants, and measurement of loneliness. However, cross-cultural studies have rarely taken into account more than one of these. Differences in the level of loneliness were hypothesized on the basis of national differences in partnership, kinship, and friendship, which were assumed to be related to cultural standards within a society. Differences were examined among married and widowed older adults aged 70 to 89 years living independently in the Netherlands (N = 1,847), Tuscany, Italy (N = 562), and Manitoba, Canada (N = 1,134). Loneliness was measured with an 11-item scale. The Manitobans were high on emotional loneliness and the Tuscans were high on social loneliness. Partner status excepted, the determinants were nearly the same across the three locations. Differential item functioning (DIF) related to the three locations was observed for most items. Interactions with gender and the availability of a partner relationship were observed.

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Lee, Alexandra R. A. « Plague and Popular Revival : Ecclesiastical Authorities and the Bianchi Devotions in 1399 ». Studies in Church History 58 (juin 2022) : 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2022.4.

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Religious processions were commonly held during plague outbreaks in medieval Europe to provide succour against disease. The Bianchi of 1399, a popular religious revival, is one such example. This article addresses the Bianchi in Tuscany, demonstrating the crucial role of ecclesiastical authorities in moulding this response to plague, and contributing to both religious history and the history of medicine. It first problematizes the connection between the Bianchi and a punitive plague which could purportedly be remedied by religious devotions. The role of the clergy in the movement is then examined, demonstrating their prominence in preparing the populace, preaching and even leading processions. An assessment of Bianchi processional composition and routes reveals exploitation of pre-existing liturgical traditions. This localized, comparative analysis demonstrates how individual Tuscan towns organized and supported these devotional activities, successfully managing the popular response to plague expressed in the Bianchi devotions.

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D’Orazio, Massimo, Cristian Biagioni et Daniele Mantovani. « Late Cretaceous black shales from the Tuscan Sedimentary Succession (northern Tuscany, Italy) : geochemistry and ore mineralogy ». Italian Journal of Geosciences 140, n^o 2 (juin 2021) : 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2020.30.

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Di Vecchi Staraz, Manuel, Roberto Bandinelli, Maurizio Boselli, Patrice This, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Valérie Laucou, Thierry Lacombe et Didier Varès. « Genetic Structuring and Parentage Analysis for Evolutionary Studies in Grapevine : Kin Group and Origin of the Cultivar Sangiovese Revealed ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, n^o 4 (juillet 2007) : 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.4.514.

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Genetic structuring and parentage analysis were performed on a very large database comprising 2786 unique multilocus genotypes [20 nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs)] of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa (DC.) Hegi with a special focus on Tuscan cultivars to reveal the parentage and history of the cultivar Sangiovese, the most important cultivar of Italy. For this cultivar, the authors also analyzed clones and synonyms, investigating its genetic origin and intracultivar diversity. Known synonyms of ‘Sangiovese’ were confirmed and new ones were revealed with cultivars outside Tuscany. Some synonyms were invalidated, and unexpected homonyms were identified. The absence of true intracultivar variability leads to the rejection of a polyclonal origin for ‘Sangiovese’. The existence of an Italian genetic pool composed of ancient cultivars including Sangiovese was demonstrated by analyzing the entire set of 2786 cultivars. Ten individuals compose the kin group of ‘Sangiovese’, including two offspring: ‘Ciliegiolo’ and ‘Catarratto bianco faux’. Despite the large presence and long history of ‘Sangiovese’ in the Tyrrenian area, its kin group is unexpectedly composed of a majority of ancient cultivars that are largely diffused in far southern Italy, which leads to the hypothesis of a Sicilian origin for ‘Sangiovese’. Analysis of the Tuscan pool revealed large kin groups for cultivars Mammolo and Garganega, demonstrating their contribution to the genetic diversification in the Tyrrenian area. This work contributes to the understanding of grapevine diversification, evolution, and history in Italy and Europe.

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Noyes, Ruth Sargent. « ‘Purest Bones, Sweet Remains, and Most Sacred Relics.’ Re-Fashioning St. Kazimierz Jagiellończyk (1458–84) as a Medieval Saint between Counter-Reformation Italy and Poland-Lithuania ». Religions 12, n^o 11 (16 novembre 2021) : 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12111011.

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This article explores the Counter-Reformation medievalization of Polish–Lithuanian St. Kazimierz Jagiellończyk (1458–1484)—whose canonization was only finalized in the seventeenth century—as a case study, taking up questions of the reception of cults of medieval saints in post-medieval societies, or in this case, the retroactive refashioning into a venerable medieval saint. The article investigates these questions across a transcultural Italo–Baltic context through the activities of principal agents of the saint’s re-fashioning as a venerable saint during the late seventeenth century: the Pacowie from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Medici from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, during a watershed period of Tuscan–Lithuanian bidirectional interest. During this period, the two dynasties were entangled not only by means of the shared division of Jagiellończyk’s bodily remains through translatio—the ritual relocation of relics of saints and holy persons—but also self-representational strategies that furthered their religio-political agendas and retroactively constructed their houses’ venerable medieval roots back through antiquity. Drawing on distinct genres of textual, visual, and material sources, the article analyzes the Tuscan–Lithuanian refashioning of Kazimierz against a series of precious reliquaries made to translate holy remains between Vilnius to Florence to offer a contribution to the entangled histories of sanctity, art and material culture, and conceptual geography within the transtemporal and transcultural neocolonial context interconnecting the Middle Ages, Age of Reformations, and the Counter-Reformation between Italy and Baltic Europe.

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ABBRI, FERDINANDO. « IL MISTERIOSO SPIRITUS SALIS ». Nuncius 2, n^o 2 (1987) : 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539187x00033.

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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The spiritus salis (hydrochloric acid) was known as a mineral acid from antiquity, but its exact chemical composition remained a mystery until the emergence of electrochemistry in the early nineteenth century. The case of this acid shows the complex status of the concept of chemical substance in the various phases of the historical evolution of modern chemical thought. The aim of this paper is to show such a complex status through an examination of the research in electrochemistry which took place in Tuscany at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The paper specifically examines the works of Francesco Pacchiani who, in 1805, thought to have proved that spirit of salt was composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Between 1805 and 1806 the international scientific community carefully discussed Pacchiani's research and discoveries . The Pacchiani case reveals that the composition of the spirit of salt was a true puzzle for chemical philosophy at that time. The study of the fate of Pacchiani's work also provides some information on the Italian chemical community at the time of Napoleon I and demonstrates that Giovanni Fabbroni, the vice-director of the Museum of Physics and Natural History in Florence, was the leading representative of Tuscan science and was much admired throughout Europe. Fabbroni took a prominent part in the affairs of the Pacchiani case. Therefore the paper offers a primary documentation of Fabbroni's ideas on electrochemistry and of his efforts to favour the spreading of Tuscan research in this field.

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