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Carnifax, Ashley C. « Candid Conversations : Behind the Scenes of the Playboy Interview, 1962-2011 ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1311366802.
Texte intégralLeite, Filho Hugo Pereira. « APLICABILIDADE DE MEMÓRIA LÓGICA COMO FERRAMENTA COADJUVANTE NO DIAGNÓSTICO DAS DOENÇAS GENÉTICAS ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2006. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3073.
Texte intégralThis study has involved the interaction among knowledge in very distinctive areas, or else: informatics, engineering e genetics, emphasizing the building of a taking decision backing system methodology. The aim of this study has been the development of a tool to help in the diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations, presenting like tutorial model the Turner Syndrome. So to do that there have been used classification techniques based in decision trees, probabilistic networks (Naïve Bayes, TAN e BAN) and neural MLP network (from English, Multi- Layer Perception) and training algorithm by error retro propagation. There has been chosen an algorithm and a tool able to propagate evidence and develop efficient inference techniques able to originate appropriate techniques to combine the expert knowledge with defined data in a databank. We have come to a conclusion about the best solution to work out the shown problem in this study that was the Naïve Bayes model, because this one presented the greatest accuracy. The decision - ID3, TAN e BAN tree models presented solutions to the indicated problem, but those were not as much satisfactory as the Naïve Bayes. However, the neural network did not promote a satisfactory solution.
O estudo envolveu a interação entre áreas de conhecimento bastante distintas, a saber: informática, engenharia e genética, com ênfase na metodologia da construção de um sistema de apoio à tomada de decisão. Este estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para o auxílio no diagnóstico de anomalias cromossômicas, apresentando como modelo tutorial a Síndrome de Turner. Para isso foram utilizadas técnicas de classificação baseadas em árvores de decisão, redes probabilísticas (Naïve Bayes, TAN e BAN) e rede neural MLP (do inglês, Multi- Layer Perceptron) com algoritmo de treinamento por retropropagação de erro. Foi escolhido um algoritmo e uma ferramenta capaz de propagar evidências e desenvolver as técnicas de inferência eficientes capazes de gerar técnicas apropriadas para combinar o conhecimento do especialista com dados definidos em uma base de dados. Chegamos a conclusão que a melhor solução para o domínio do problema apresentado neste estudo foi o modelo Naïve Bayes, pois este modelo apresentou maior acurácia. Os modelos árvore de decisão-ID3, TAN e BAN apresentaram soluções para o domínio do problema sugerido, mas as soluções não foram tão satisfatória quanto o Naïve Bayes. No entanto, a rede neural não promoveu solução satisfatória.
Dethlefsen, Mads Schou. « Article 7 : Why the 'Nuclear Option' turned out to be a dud ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23181.
Texte intégralCopeland, Cristen Paige McCaslin Richard B. « What went wrong ? how arrogant ignorance and cultural misconceptions turned deadly at the San Antonio courthouse, March 19, 1840 / ». [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6120.
Texte intégralCosta, Grasielle Aires da. « Ritual em Richard Schechner e Victor Turner : aspectos de um diálogo interdisciplinar ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5704.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work aims to analyze the concepts of ritual developed by Richard Schechner and Victor Turner. This is realized through the definition, analysis and discussion of the concepts looking for the dialog between Schechner and Turner. The research was developed by reading and analysing the major volumes published by these authors, what is Schism and Continuity; Forest of Symbols; The Ritual Process; Dramas, Fields and Metaphors and From Ritual to Theater by Turner and made by Schechner Environmental Theater; Essays on Performance Theory; Between Theater and Anthropology; The Future of Ritual and Performance Studies. Was not found any work like this. It is an inedited and presented an important review on Schechner‟s and Turner‟s written. The ritual concept needs this multiplicity look to take a new breath and look up different sea-lines. This job has a methodological richness because points out precisely the fact that the research belongs analyse the field "between" the theatre and anthropology. It is not remand to any discipline and the same time belongs to all of them. This is a bibliographic study what can provide theoretical support for various research fields.
Este trabalho visa à análise do diálogo interdisciplinar e liminar estabelecido entre Richard Schechner e Victor Turner através da definição, análise e discussão do conceito de ritual em suas obras. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através da leitura e fichamento dos principais volumes publicados destes autores, sendo eles Schism and Continuity; Forest of Symbols; The Ritual Process; Dramas, Fields and Metaphors e From Ritual to Theater de Turner e de Schechner Environmental Theater; Essays on Performance Theory; Between Theater and Anthropology; The Future of Ritual e Performance Studies. Não foram encontrados registros de trabalhos semelhantes. Sendo esse um trabalho inédito e que oferece uma revisão dos escritos destes dois autores. Discutir o ritual por esta perspectiva multifacetada é abrir o leque de novas possibilidades de discussão de um conceito tão importante e que tendo sido já tão discutido necessita de novo fôlego para ganhar novos horizontes. Trata-se de um trabalho considerado liminar, pois sua riqueza metodológica está justamente no fato de a pesquisa localizar-se no "entre" o teatro e a antropologia. Não se prende a nenhuma disciplina e ao mesmo tempo pertence a muitas. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico que poderá servir de aporte teórico para os mais variados campos de pesquisa.
Mallam, Ugbo. « Factors Influencing Faculty Turnover at Ten Selected Colleges of Technology/Polytechnics in Nigeria ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277896/.
Texte intégralEdiz, B. Deniz. « The interaction of tea cultivation and out migration in Rize, Turkey ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270308.
Texte intégralFreitas, Rebeca Louise Pevas Lima de. « Meu corpo (in)finito e (in)completo : vivências da corporeidade na Síndrome de Turner ». Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5499.
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This qualitative research is directed to comprehension of corporeity experiences to women whom live with Turner’s syndrome (T.S.). T. S., or gonadal digenesis, is a genetic disorder related with total, partial or rotation on second pair of female sexual chromosome (XX) in major of body’s cells. It Happens during embryonic development, excluding hereditary or parents age correlations. It has been fomenting aspects to construct this project: a few views for “being in Turner’s Syndrome”, the non-deeply of subjects questions involving most important repercussions, such as low born indices, short stature, sexual immaturity and infertility; in addition, certain, the treatment (Growth Hormone application, anabolic ingest and estrogen-progesterone replacement) and the illness itself – when assorted organics affections arise (in these cases, surgical procedures can be necessary. It’ll participate 8 women diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome, whom live in São Paulo Capital, or had been there during the research effectuation (was adopted intentionality criterion, thus there is representative quantity of participants on local choose). There interview was Northfield by these questions: 1) How has been hang out with Turner’s Syndrome? 2) How was, for you, the diagnostic moment? What did you think? What did you feel? 3) How is hang out with Other views? The analysis was based in Martins & Bicudo, Amattuzi and Giorgi considerations, treating about important elements for elaborating the main categories: hang out with Turner’s Syndrome has been…; I won’t get X What I get; I’m normal, I live a normal life! Unknown to me, so I disown and don’t take care myself; Hang out with Turner Syndrome: the no-developed-being, the women-being and the mother-being; The Other views to/from me. Through these, was constructed the comprehensive synthesis and analysis of related livingness. The work contributed for knowledge dissemination about the Syndrome, in its dissociated nosological character. The way as the health area professionals attend they was reported essential; also the image and expectative that family breeding around the Syndrome, permeated by its knowledge about. The no-clarify can increase the angst of entering in a new universe. The matching (matching herself with women whom have biologic sons, or that are in a lovely relationship, as its never can be happen with their; and, initially, consider not been capable of concrete their objectives. On the pass that knowledge themselves, bas or has not S. T leave off be substantial to turns just one of the women with Turner’s syndrome and their families life aspects. Under the interviewed women speak, they need to be attends, care themselves and go on in rights seeking. It’s hoped that others researches improve the comprehension concerning to how the parents are been per passing by being-father, or being-mother of a Diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome daughter; or deal with the professionals health area comprehension about the Phenomenon and the adopted posture
Esta pesquisa qualitativa voltou-se à compreensão das vivências da corporeidade para mulheres que convivem com a Síndrome de Turner (S.T) - refere-se à modificação genética advinda da deleção total, parcial, ou alternância no segundo cromossomo do par sexual feminino (XX) na maioria das células do corpo. Acontece durante a formação embrionária, não tendo relação hereditária ou de faixa etária dos pais. São fatores que fomentam o estudo: o pouco olhar para o “ser na Síndrome de Turner”; o não-aprofundamento de questões subjetivas referentes às principais repercussões como o baixo índice de natalidade, a baixa estatura, a imaturidade sexual e a infertilidade; além do tratamento (aplicação do Hormônio de Crescimento e reposição de Estrogênio-Progesterona), ou do adoecimento em si – quando comprometimentos orgânicos ocorrem (Nestes casos, podem ser necessárias intervenções cirúrgicas). Participaram 8 mulheres residentes na capital de São Paulo, ou que lá estiveram durante a pesquisa. As entrevistas foram norteadas pelas seguintes questões: 1) Como tem sido conviver com a Síndrome de Turner? 2) Como foi para você o momento do diagnóstico da Síndrome de Turner? O que você pensou, o que você sentiu? 3) Como é conviver com o olhar do Outro; como você se sente em relação a isso? O método empregado foi o fenomenológico. A análise baseou-se nas considerações de Martins & Bicudo, Amatuzzi e Giorgi, versando sobre elementos importantes para a elaboração das seguintes categorias principais: conviver com a Síndrome de Turner tem sido... ; “Não vou conseguir” X “O que consigo”; sou normal! Me aceito e levo uma vida normal!; (des)Conheço, me (des)Aproprio, me (des)Cuido; Convivendo com a Síndrome de Turner: o ser não-desenvolvido, o ser-mulher e o ser-mãe; Olhar do/no Outro. Através destas, foi construída a Síntese e a análise Compreensiva das vivências relatadas. O trabalho contribuiu à disseminação do conhecimento sobre a síndrome, em seu caráter dissociado do puramente nosológico. A maneira como os profissionais de saúde atendem pessoas com S. T. parece essencial; assim como a visão e as expectativas que a família cria em torno da Síndrome, permeadas pelo que conhecem sobre. O não-esclarecimento pode aumentar a angústia de entrar em um “novo universo”: de comparações (comparar-se com mulheres que tem filhos biológicos, ou que estão em um relacionamento amoroso, como se isso nunca fosse passível de acontecer consigo); e, a princípio, consideram não serem capazes de concretizar seus objetivos. À medida que se (re)conhecem, Ter ou não S.T deixa de ser substancial para se tornar apenas um dos aspectos da vida de mulheres com a síndrome e seus familiares. Conforme as mulheres entrevistadas relatam, é preciso estar atentas, se cuidar e ir em busca de seus direitos. Espera-se que outras pesquisas aprimorarem a compreensão acerca de como os pais são atravessados pelo ser-pai ou ser-mãe de uma filha diagnosticada com S.T; ou versem sobre a compreensão dos profissionais da área da saúde sobre o fenômeno e a postura adotada.
Brito, Filho Severino Gonçalves de. « Feofitinas e esteróides glicosilados de Turnera subulata Sm. (TURNERACEAE) ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6868.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Turnera subulata Sm., popularly known as Chanana or flor-do-Guaruja , is a Brazilian medicinal plant belonging to the family Turneraceae. In Brazil this family is represented by two genera, Piriqueta and Turnera, being Turnera the most representative. The Genus Turnera is characterized by the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, benzenoids, alkaloids and lipids. Aiming at contributing to the chemical profile of the family Turneraceae and considering the absence of data in literature about the chemical constitution of the species Turnera subulata, the latter was submitted to a phytochemical study to isolate its chemical constituents, through usual chromatographic methods, and after identifying them by means of spectroscopic methods such as IR and 1H and 13C NMR, with the add of two-dimensional techniques. Six constituents were isolated through this phytochemical study with Turnera subulata: Phaeophytin purpurin 18 phytyl ester (Ts-5); Phaeophytin (a) (Ts-1); 132- hydroxy - (132-S)- Phaeophytin (a) (Ts-2); Phaeophytin (b) (Ts-4) and mixture of steroids sitosterol-3- O-D-glucopyranoside and Stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Ts-3).
Turnera subulata Sm, conhecida popularmente como chanana ou flor-do-Guarujá , é uma espécie da família Turneraceae. No Brasil esta família é representada pelos gêneros, Piriqueta e Turnera, sendo Turnera o mais representativo, com cerca de 80 espécies. Este Gênero é caracterizado pela presença de terpenóides, flavonóides, esteróides, benzenóides, alcalóides e lipídios. Visando contribuir com o perfil químico da família Turneraceae e tendo em vista a ausência de dados na literatura acerca da constituição química da espécie Turnera subulata Sm, esta foi submetida a um estudo fitoquímico para o isolamento de seus constituintes químicos, através dos métodos cromatográficos usuais, e posterior caracterização estrutural dos mesmos, utilizando-se os métodos espectroscópicos de IV e RMN 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais. Deste estudo pioneiro com Turnera subulata foram isolados e identificados seis constituintes: Feofitina Purpurina 18 fitil éster (Ts-5); Feofitina (a) (Ts-1); 132-hidroxi- (132-S)-feofitina (a) (Ts-2); Feofitina (b) (Ts-4) e uma mistura dos esteróides glicosilados sitosterol-3-O-D-glicopiranosídeo e estigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo (Ts-3).
Braz, Adriana Farrant. « Farmacogenética do tratamento do hormônio de crescimento em pacientes com síndrome de Turner ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-01102013-163826/.
Texte intégralIndividual response to treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in Turner syndrome (TS) is very variable. The lack of individualization of rhGH dosing may explain the variability of response and the unsatisfactory results for some patients even when diagnosed and treated in ideal conditions. As the response to treatment with rhGH reflects genetic and nongenetic factors, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of genetic factors on rhGH treatment of patients with TS. We studied 112 patients with TS in rhGH therapy or who have discontinued therapy after adult height. Genomic DNA from all patients was obtained for the study of three polymorphisms in genes involved in GH action: the presence or absence of éxon 3 of the GH receptor (GHR), VNTR in the promoter region of the gene for insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF1) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the gene insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). Molecular findings were correlated with the first-year growth velocity (n = 112) and adult height (n = 65)) after rhGH therapy using simple and multiple linear regressions analysis adjusting for other clinical variables related to the response to rhGH treatment on TS. Two of these polymorphisms - the presence (GHR-fl) or absence (GHR-d3) of the GHR éxon 3 polymorphism and -202 A / C IGFBP-3 independently and interactively influenced the response to rhGH treatment in patients with TS, whereas the VNTR in the promoter region of the gene for IGF1 showed no influence on any of the parameters analyzed. Patients carrying at least one d3-GHR allele have better first-year growth velocity and greater adult height after rhGH treatment than those homozygous for GHR-fl allele. Similarly, the carriers of at least one -202 A-IGFBP3 allele showed better first-year growth velocity and greater adult height after rhGH treatment, besides higher serum IGFBP-3 levels, than those homozygous for -202 C-IGFBP3 allele. Finally, the combined analysis of GHR-éxon 3 and -202 A / C IGFBP3 genotypes have demonstrated a clear epistatic influence, partially additive, of these two common polymorphisms on adult height of patients with TS treated with rhGH (isolated effect of GHR-éxon 3, R2 = 0.27; isolated effect of the -202 A / C IGFBP3, R2 = 0.24; combined influence of these polymorphisms, R2 = 0.37). In conjunction with the clinical variables, baseline height (SDS) (p <0.001) and chronological age at onset of puberty (p <0.001), these two polymorphisms are able to predict 61% of the variability in adult height after rhGH therapy. Although validation studies are still needed, we believe that the information brought by this and other studies whose efforts are to understand the molecular basis involved in responsiveness to rhGH treatment can serve as an important tool in the future individualization of treatment with rhGH
Zylbersztajn, Breno Eitel. « John F. C. Turner : vida, obra sua contribuição para a revisão da política habitacional nos anos 1970 ». Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2018. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3753.
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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The purpose of this paper is to understand the formation, professional performance and ideology of urban planner John F. Turner and to elucidate the direct and indirect contribution of the urban planner to the formulation of low cost housing policies, programs and projects during the 1970s in São Paulo. In order to do so, a cross-section is made in the history of the urban planner Turner, object of this research, from the period of his academic formation to the consultancy given to the municipality of São Paulo in the project conducted by the IPT, Habitat Guidelines (1977). When analyzing the path of an ideology in the formulation of public policies, we intend to demonstrate the reference of urban planner Turner in the science of urbanism in São Paulo. Therefore, as a cut, the research focuses on the formation, professional performance and consulting of urban planner John F. C. Turner in São Paulo (1977). I consider this work the introduction to a field of research on the rise, which would be the participation of the beneficiaries in projects of urbanization of favelas and housing projects.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender a formação, atuação profissional e ideário do urbanista John F.C. Turner, e elucidar a contribuição direta e indireta do urbanista para a formulação de políticas, programas e projetos de habitação de baixo custo durante a década de 1970 com foco em São Paulo. Para tanto, faz-se um corte transversal na história do urbanista Turner, objeto desta pesquisa, do período de sua formação acadêmica até a consultoria prestada para o município de São Paulo no projeto conduzido pelo IPT, Diretrizes Habitacionais (1977). Ao analisar o caminho de um ideário na formulação de políticas públicas, pretende-se demonstrar a referência do urbanista Turner na ciência do urbanismo paulista. Portanto, como recorte, a pesquisa focaliza a formação, atuação profissional e consultoria do urbanista John F.C. Turner em São Paulo (1977). Considero este trabalho a introdução a um campo de pesquisa em ascensão, que seria o da participação dos beneficiários em projetos de urbanização de favelas e projetos habitacionais.
Minciotti, Alessandra Nabeiro. « A prática do turnen na cidade de São Paulo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-13042007-152919/.
Texte intégralTurnen has its origins in Germany in 1810. The main name related to its creation is Johann Friedrich Ludwig Christoph Jahn. Since late 1840 waves of immigrants had been arriving to Brazil to improve economical basis. Many of German immigrants left the European economical crisis to pursue new life at the new world. Some came because the religious freedom assured by Brazilian Constitution. The city of São Paulo during late 19th century became the most cosmopolitan center in Latin America. Among the most diverse nationalities and cultural contributions, our study presents the contribution of the German immigrant to the History of Brazilian Sport, with special focus on Gymnastics. This study had the purpose to introduce an Interpretative analysis based on secondary sources. It is a historical narrative on the Turnen Practice within the city of São Paulo and its contributions to the sportive development in the beginning of the 20th Century
Matos, Givaldo Mauro de. « A Engenharia Genética como Proposta de Co-Criação vista a Partir do Pensamento do Teólogo Ronald Cole-Turner ». Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2003. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/368.
Texte intégralConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Esta dissertação de mestrado busca pesquisar a relação estabelecida pelo teólogo Ronald Cole-Turner, entre a engenharia genética e o conceito de co-criação , desenvolvido como uma alternativa para que se pense o papel do ser humano frente aos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos atuais. Tendo em vista o conceito da evolução, da criação contínua e dos potenciais gerados pela engenharia genética, Cole-Turner defende que o ser humano pode participar das atividades criativas de Deus por meio desta tecnologia, desde que priorize os aspectos redentivos que podem ser extraídos de seu uso. Faz isto em demonstrar, por meio do relato Jawista da criação, como o agir criativo de Deus está relacionado ao agir humano, através de suas tecnologias, e em relacionar os milagres de cura operados por Jesus nos evangelhos, como explicitação epistêmica da vontade de Deus, que pode ser participada pelos seres humanos. O objetivo básico desta pesquisa será o de relatar, no primeiro capítulo, o aspecto teórico da engenharia genética, nas suas possibilidades positivas e negativas. Em seguida, no capítulo segundo, se fará uma exposição do pensamento de Cole- Turner, em diálogo com outros interlocutores do tema. Por fim, no último capítulo, se verificará as respostas oferecidas às várias observações críticas que seu pensamento recebe. A hipótese é a de que, se a criação é um projeto contínuo e inacabado, e o destino dos seres humanos se encontra inserido dentro desta continuidade, seria coerente afirmar que estes possam participar das atividades de Deus em tais projetos. Como a evolução biológica é uma dimensão da criação, que ocorre por meio de transformações no capital genético dos organismos vivos, os seres humanos, tendo conhecimento e habilidade para repetir os processos verificados nestas modificações, poderão empreender seus esforços, tanto na área da técnica, como na da ética, para participarem da consecução dos propósitos de Deus.(AU)
DUTRA, Silvia Leitão. « Bionomia de Odonata : implicações ecológicas na distribuição de riqueza, na diversidade Beta e no uso como indicadores ambientais ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2639.
Texte intégralNo Brasil o Grupo Odonata (Libélulas) tem representantes de duas subordens com bonomias distintas e que possuem capacidades de dispersão e termorregulação diferenciadas. Estas diferenças foram abordadas em três capítulos de acordo com processo ecológicos que ocorrem em diferentes escalas geográficas. Primeiro capítulo trata de processos ecológicos em escala regional com dados do Brasil. Discute a distribuição de riqueza de Odonata influenciada pela heterogeneidade ambiental e pela disponibilidade de água e de energia (energia solar e produtividade primária). O segundo capítulo trata de processos em escala de paisagem com a diferenciação da comunidade de Odonata entre elementos naturais e antropisados presentes no Cerrado.Também são investigado os processos de aninhamento e substituição da comunidade na paisagem e a extensão das respostas dos dois grupos. O terceiro capítulo trata da escala local e das respostas em relação a indicação de qualidade ambiental dos córregos estudados.
Copeland, Cristen Paige. « What Went Wrong ? How Arrogant Ignorance and Cultural Misconceptions Turned Deadly at the San Antonio Courthouse, March 19, 1840 ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6120/.
Texte intégralToledo, Gabriel Ricardo Aguilera de. « TRANSMISSÃO DE SINAL DE FALTA DE ÁGUA ENTRE PLANTAS : EFEITOS SOBRE A TEMPERATURA E A PRESSÃO DE TURGOR FOLIAR ». Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2015. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/342.
Texte intégralA growing body of evidence shows that plants anticipate responses of stress as a result of signals transmitted by neighboring plants. Transmit signal of lack of water between plants is a factor that adds complexity in the dynamics of populations, communities and ecosystems. Knowing more about this ability of plants can be useful for agriculture, mainly agro-forestry systems, and for reforestation efforts. By this way, this job was done to try to find more evidences of lack of water signaling transmission. To do this, stomata aperture related parameters (leaf temperature and leaf turgor pressure) were used to find possible effects of plants under lack of water on their neighborhood. Stomatal aperture, leaf temperature and leaf turgor pressure are parameters that indicates plant water status. Two experiments were done, one measured leaf temperature, and other leaf turgor pressure. Glycine max was used as experimental model. The seedlings roots were pruned, leaving only two roots similar per plant ("split-root"). The split-root plants were arranged in sets, with 4 pots and 3 plants (with each plant roots was divided into two pots). To induce sudden lack of water, mannitol solution was used (-2MPa), applied in the first pot. Leaf temperature was monitored by thermographic camera, and the leaf turgor was monitored by magnetic probe leaf turgor pressure (ZIM-probe). Data analysis was based on graphic interpretation. Leaf temperature variation was synchronous among plants of each set. The variation of leaf turgor in the day of induction to stress was completely changed from the previous day in half of sets. The sets which turgor variation was changed also showed sync. Environmental conditions, namely air temperature, and air relative humidity, were monitored and showed no correlations with the variation in leaf temperature or leaf turgor pressure. Sync indicates that there was communication. It is possible that lack of water communication among plants increases population stability. Stability in population can increase the fitness. So, it is possible that communication of lack of water among plants is a characteristic that has been shaped by natural selection, and distributed among taxa.
É crescente o número de evidências de que plantas antecipam respostas a estresses em consequência da sinalização emitida por plantas vizinhas. Transmitir sinal de falta de água entre plantas é um fator que acrescenta complexidade na dinâmica de populações, comunidades e ecossistemas. Conhecer mais sobre essa capacidade das plantas pode ser útil para agricultura, principalmente sistemas agro- florestais, e para esforços de reflorestamento. Sendo assim, este trabalho foi realizado para tentar encontrar mais evidências da transmissão de sinal de falta de água entre plantas. Para tanto, foram utilizados parâmetros relacionados à abertura estomática (temperatura e turgor foliar) para medir os efeitos de uma planta sob falta de água sobre plantas vizinhas. A abertura estomática, a temperatura e o turgor foliar são parâmetros indicativos do status hídrico. Foram realizados dois experimentos, um medindo a temperatura, outro a pressão de turgor foliar. Foi usado Glycine max como modelo experimental. As plântulas foram submetidas à poda, deixando-se apenas duas raízes semelhantes por planta ( split-root ). As mudas foram arranjadas em séries com 4 potes e 3 plantas (cada planta ficou com suas raízes divididas entre dois potes). Para induzir falta de água repentina, foi utilizada solução de manitol (-2 MPa), aplicado no primeiro pote. A temperatura foliar foi monitorada com uma câmera termográfica e o turgor foliar foi monitorado pela sonda magnética de pressão de turgor foliar (ZIM-probe). A análise dos dados foi feita em cima da interpretação dos gráficos. A variação de temperatura foliar aconteceu de forma sincrônica entre as plantas de cada série. A variação do turgor foliar foi totalmente alterada depois do estresse em metade das repetições. Nas séries onde o turgor foi alterado houve sincronia também. As condições ambientais de temperatura do ar, e de umidade relativa do ar, foram monitoradas e não mostram correlação com as variações de temperatura e turgor foliar. A sincronia indica que tenha havido comunicação. É possível que a comunicação de falta de água aumente a estabilidade de populações. Populações mais estáveis podem ter mais chances de deixar mais descendentes para próximas gerações. Assim, é provável que a capacidade de comunicar a falta de água a outras plantas seja uma característica moldada pela seleção natural e distribuída dentre os táxons.
Woloszynek, Renata dos Santos Batista Reis. « Validação, valores normativos e aplicabilidade clínica de um ensaio imunoenzimático para determinação sérica do hormônio anti-Mülleriano ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-11082014-120509/.
Texte intégralThe anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker of ovarian reserve and testicular function. The clinical application of this hormone requires proper standardization of reference values according to the immunoassay used. The aims of this study were: to validate the AMH Gen II immunoassay (Beckman Coulter Company, TX, USA), to establish reference AMH values in healthy men and women, the influence of hormonal contraceptive use, smoking and body mass index (BMI) on the values of AMH and to check serum concentrations of this hormone in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in boys with cryptorchidism underwent stimulation test rhCG (recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin).The validation of the AMH Gen II assay was performed using simplified protocol following the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. To establish reference AMH values, 133 healthy women and 135 men were prospectively selected. In addition, 66 patients with TS, 29 with PCOS and 31 with cryptorchidism were studied. The analytical and functional sensitivity of the AMH Gen II assay was 0.02 and 0.2 ng / mL, respectively. Intra and inter-assay coefficients of variation in different concentrations ranged between 5.2-9.0% and 4.6-7.8%, respectively. The linearity, parallelism and stability studies showed recovery % between 80 and 120%. The AMH Gen II assay strongly correlated with the previously used Immunotech assay (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). In females, serum AMH showed a progressive decline with increasing age (r = -0.4, p < 0.001). On the other hand, AMH values did not differ between users and nonusers of hormonal contraceptives, smokers and nonsmokers, obese and non-obese. In males, age did not influence the levels of serum AMH, however, AMH values were significantly reduced with increasing BMI (r = -0.3, p = 0.008), but, these values were within the range observed in the group of subjects with body weight. All TS patients showed undetectable AMH levels. In contrast, in PCOS AMH values were significantly higher than in women controls, but with overlap of 76% between the two groups. In boys with cryptorchidism, the concordance between baseline AMH and testosterone after stimulation with rhCG was 74%, there was a significant positive correlation between baseline AMH values and testosterone values after stimulation (r = 0.5, p < 0.001). In conclusion, AMH Gen II assay is reliable for determining the serum AMH. Reference AMH values showed a wide range in both sexes. Reduced values of AMH in obese men were within the range of normal individuals. In ST, the potential use of AMH to assess ovarian reserve requires longitudinal studies. The use of AMH as a diagnostic criterion of SOP must be based on the association with the criteria already established. In boys with cryptorchidism, a normal AMH provides useful information on testicular function, but does not exclude the need for stimulation test rhCG, patients with discordant results require follow-up
Pires, Liliane Viana. « Avaliação do estado nutricional relativo ao zinco e ao selênio de pacientes com síndrome de Turner em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-09012015-160943/.
Texte intégralStudies relating to Turner Syndrome with the nutritional status on micronutrients, in particular zinc and selenium are practically non-existent. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status on zinc and selenium in this population, considering the different stages of life. Anthropometric evaluation of the children showed that 55.6% were eutrophic and 44.4% with overweight, according to the rate of weight/height. The adolescents were c1assified according to the percentile of BMI adjusted for age, where 73.7% were eutrophic and 26.3% with overweight. Regarding the group of adults, 42.9% were overweight and 14.3% with obesity, according BMI (kg/m2). The assessment of food consumption was made through the software Nutwin, demonstrating that the intake of dietary zinc, 35.7% of participants in the study were below the EAR. Regarding the intake of selenium, it was observed that 100% of patients consumed quantities of this mineral above the EAR. In assessing the plasma concentration of zinc has been shown that 22.2%, 68.4% e 14.3% of children, adolescents and adults were deficient in zinco The concentrations of zinc in erythrocyte were deficient 66.7% of children, 57.9% of adolescents and 28.6% of adults. In assessing the urinary excretion of zinc observed that 55.6%,57.9% and 66.7% of children, adolescents and adults, respectively, eliminate low concentrations of this mineral. The nutritional status of selenium, 77.8% of children, 78.9% of adolescents and 85.7% of adults were found deficient in plasmatic selenium and 55.6%, 52.6% and 57.1% of children, adolescents and adults, respectively, were deficient for selenium in erythrocyte. The percentage of children, adolescents and adults with low concentrations of selenium in urine was 100%, 94.7% and 100% respectively. The determination of the concentration of selenium Nail showed that 100% of children, adolescents and 93.8% from 66.7% of adults with values were reduced in this compartment. The results of the activity of glutathione peroxidase were within the limits of normality in the three stages of development. Thus, it can be concluded that the nutritional status on the zinc and selenium is deficient for most patients, because the concentrations of these micronutrients, are reduced for most of the parameters used.
Fernandes, Rogerio Taygra Vasconcelos. « Padrões e processos de diferenciação taxonômica da fauna de peixes de uma ecoregião da América do Sul ». Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2013. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/700.
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Here, we quantified the patterns of change in the similarity of the fish fauna of the Upper Paraná ecoregion, caused by the introduction of non-native species and anthropogenic factors, such as the construction of dams and the elimination of a biogeographic barrier. Additionally, we evaluated the importance of changes in rates of turnover and richness species in homogenization/differentiation dynamics. For the study, we mapped the spatial distribution of fish species through occurrence data georeferenced of Brazilian zoological museums. To evaluate temporal changes in the composition of the fish fauna, the data with the distribution of the species were divided into two periods: historical period composed entirely of native species, and the contemporary period, consisting of historical fauna plus non-native species. Changes in similarity patterns between fish assemblages were quantified using the Jaccard dissimilarity index to the historical and contemporary periods. To evaluate the influence of the non-native richness species, number of dam and distance to the Itaipu Dam on changes of similarity, we performed simple and partial Mantel tests. The results showed that the fish fauna has become more dissimilar over time, due to increases in turnover rates and addition of species. Furthermore, factors related to the heterogeneity of the basins and propagules pressure after removal of a biogeographical barrier has determined the patterns of changes in the similarity of the fish fauna
Nesse estudo foram quantificados os padrões de mudança na similaridade da fauna de peixes da ecoregião do alto Paraná, produzidas pela introdução de espécies não-nativas e de fatores antropogênicos, como a construção de barragens e a eliminação de uma barreira biogeográfica. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a importância de mudanças nas taxas de turnover e de riqueza nas mudanças de similaridade das assembleias de peixes. Para realizar o estudo, a distribuição espacial de espécies de peixes de dez bacias de drenagem do alto Paraná foi mapeada através de dados de ocorrência geo-espacializados tombados em museus zoológicos de instituições brasileiras. Para avaliar as mudanças temporais na composição da fauna de peixes, os dados com as distribuição das espécies foi divido em dois períodos: período histórico, composto somente por espécies nativas, e período contemporâneo, composto por espécies nativas mais não-nativas. Os padrões de similaridade entre as assembleias de peixes para os períodos histórico e contemporâneo foram quantificados através do índice de dissimilaridade de Jaccard. As mudanças na similaridade entre assembleias foi calculada através da diferença entre as similaridades contemporâneas e históricas. Para avaliar os efeitos da riqueza de espécies não-nativas, número de barragens e área das bacias, e a distância das bacias até a barragem de Itaipu foram utilizados testes de Mantel simples e parciais. Os resultados demostraram que a fauna de peixes tem se tornado mais dissimilar ao longo do tempo, em função de aumentos nas taxas de turnover e de adição de espécies. Além disso, fatores relacionados à heterogeneidade das bacias e da pressão de propágulos após a eliminação de uma barreira biogeográfica tem determinado os padrões de mudanças na similaridade da fauna de peixes
2017-05-18
Faria, Maria Estela Justamante de. « Avaliação do crescimento craniofacial e das extremidades de pacientes com deficiência de hormônio de crescimento ou síndrome de Turner em tratamento prolongado com hormônio de crescimento ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-24102007-112651/.
Texte intégralINTRODUCTION: Patients with GH deficiency and Turner syndrome, associated to short stature can benefit from GH treatment. There are controversies on the deleterious effect of GH on craniofacial growth; however, most of the studies are retrospective. Our objective was to carry out a prospective study to evaluate the craniofacial growth of patients in treatment with GH and the possible development of acromegalic features. PATIENTS: 30 patients with chronological age of 4.6 to 23 years and bone age of 1.5 to 13 years divided in 3 groups based on the diagnosis and GH use: group 1- patients with hypopituitarism and isolated GH deficiency naïve to GH treatment (n=6); group 2: patients with hypopituitarism and isolated GH deficiency (n=16) and group 3: patients with Turner syndrome, both already on GH treatment (n=8). GH treatment (0.1 to 0.15 U/kg/day, subcutaneously) was carried out at the night for 2 to 11 years. METHODS: Anthropometrical (height, hands and feet) measurements, panoramic x-ray, teleradiography followed by cephalometric analysis according to Ricketts and linear measurements of the skull base, facial height, lower third of the face, lower jaw and maxilla, and frontal and profile analysis of face by photography were made annually, for at least 3 years. The mentioned linear measurements were compared with the average Brazilian population and among themselves to evaluate the individual craniofacial development. The hand and foot size measurements were compared with a morphometric atlas and were considered increased when >P97. The levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured each 6 months for GH dose adequacy. The results were analyzed statistically and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Group 1 and 2 with isolated GH deficiency or hypopituitarism: 3 patients with disharmonious profile attained harmony, 2 due to the mandibular growth and 1 patient due to maxillary growth; no patient developed facial disharmony; we observed a significant increase of the posterior skull base, inferior jaw and lower third of the face (P<0.05). Group 3 with Turner syndrome: 2 patients with facial disharmony obtained harmony due to the mandibular growth and no patient developed facial disharmony. All of the patients maintained the same pattern of facial growth when the initial and final cephalometric analyses according to Ricketts were compared. Hand size increase was observed in 2 patients (1 with GH deficiency and another with Turner syndrome); foot size increase was observed in 50% of the patients with Turner syndrome and in 32% of the patients with GH deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the cephalometric measurements of the group with GH deficiency naïve to GH treatment, demonstrated a greater GH effect on the growth of the posterior skull base and jaw; all of the patients had kept the same craniofacial growth pattern during the follow-up; there was no statistically significant correlation between the cephalometric measurements and facial harmony; therefore, the association of the methods of cephalometric and facial analysis through photography is mandatory to evaluate the effect of GH on craniofacial growth. There was an improvement in the facial harmony in 28% of the retrognathic patients due to mandibular growth; therefore, patients with mandibular retrognathism can benefit from GH treatment. None of the patients treated with standardized doses of GH developed facial disharmony during treatment. We observed however, an increase of the extremities, mainly of the feet.
Basguney, Hakki. « Literary production, currents and politics between 1960 and 1980 in Turkey ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993116.
Texte intégralMorandini, Rochely Santos. « Diversidade funcional das aves do Cerrado com simulações da perda de fisionomias campestres e de espécies ameaçadas : implicações para a conservação ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-23102013-092541/.
Texte intégralThe biodiversity in the Cerrado Region is the largest among the savannas of the world, with more than 7,000 species, presenting high levels of endemism, and being considered one of the 25 global hotspots for conservation. This study performs an analysis of Functional Diversity with 1044 bird species from 42 areas of Cerrado by an extensive data compilation from the literature. The Total Functional Diversity Index (FDt) was higher in the vegetation transition areas or close to other vegetations. Simulations of the loss of open savanna areas species and loss of bird species considered sensitive and/or endangered were conducted. The first simulation caused a large decrease in the FDt rates of all areas (33% of avarage loss). The elimination of sensitive and endangared species resulted in an average loss of 6%. A randomization was perfomed for each simulation. The resulting FDt values were minor in 43% of the areas in the simulation of open areas loss and 0% in the simulation of sensitive/endangered species loss. Simultaneously, an analysis on the turnover of species between communities was conducted. The results were an average 12% of the areas similarity loss when aquatic and forest species were removed, supporting CAVALCANTI (1999) proposition regarding the influence on the renewal of the cerrado species in the communities. This study highlights the need for maintaining the quality of the resources provided by the ecosystem where the species are found, emphasizing the importance of open areas preservation for the Cerrado communities. Furthermore, this study shows the need of monitoring forest and aquatic species to conservate the biological exchange between Cerrado domain areas.
Goulart, Vanessa Vigna. « Óbito fetal em gestações únicas com diagnóstico de trissomias dos cromossomos 21,18 13 e monossomia do X ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-26112014-090258/.
Texte intégralObjectives: To describe the frequency, and associated factors, of intrauterine fetal death (IUD), in pregnancies with chromosomal abnormality. Methods: This was a retrospective (November 2004 to May 2012) performed at de department of obstetrics, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. Inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancies with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 (T21), 18, 13 (T13/18) and X monosomy (45X), performed up to 26 weeks gestation. Results: 92 women were included in the study with a mean maternal age of 32.7 ± 8.7 years. Fetal chromosomal abnormalities (T21 n=36, T13/T18 n=25, 45X n=31) were diagnosed at a mean gestational age of 18.3 ± 3.7 weeks, by chorionic villus sampling (n=22, 24%), amniocentesis (n=66, 72%) and cordocentesis (n=4, 4%). Major fetal structural abnormality was present in 45 (49%) cases; hydrops was diagnosed in 32 (35%) fetuses, and was more common in 45X group (n=24/31 (77%) versus T21: n=6/36 (17%) and T13/18: n=2/25 (8%), p < 0.001). Specialist fetal echocardiography was performed in 55 (60%) pregnancies and showed structural and/or functional abnormalities in 33 (60%) fetuses; ventricular septal defect was the most common finding (39%). T13/18 fetuses showed a higher incidence of cardiac abnormalities (60% versus 25% (T21) and 29% (45X), p= 0.01). IUD occurred in 55 (60%) pregnancies and was more common in 45X group (n=26/31 (84%) versus T21: n=13/36 (36%) and T13/18: n=16/25 (64%), p < 0.01). Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between hydrops and IUD in T21 pregnancies (LR= 4.29; 95%CI= 1.9-8.0, p < 0.0001). In 45X pregnancies, cardiac abnormalities were associated with a lower risk of IUD (LR= 0.56; 95%CI = 0.27-0.85, p= 0.005). No predictors of IUD were identified in T13/18 group. Conclusion: Intrauterine death rate is high in pregnancies with a fetal chromosomal abnormality. Presence of hydrops increases the risk of this complication in trisomy 21 fetuses. Whereas the presence of a cardiac abnormality is protective in X monosomy pregnancies
Agro, Alessandro. « Localization of the source of large silicic ignimbrites through magnetic techniques : applications in Turkey ». Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999468.
Texte intégralSallum, Loriz Francisco. « Eletro-Oxidação de Etanol em Meio Alcalino : Cinética Complexa e Eletrocatálise ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-04122018-133021/.
Texte intégralThe electro-oxidation of ethanol is certainly one of the main research topics in the field of electrocatalysis due to its potential use in converting chemical energy into electrical energy, since it is considered a renewable fuel with low toxicity and high energy density. When it is far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, this system presents a complex dynamic due to the continuous activation and deactivation of the catalyst and with the emergence of instabilities it is possible to achieve a higher thermodynamic efficiency when compared to the same system operating in conventional regime. In addition, the facility in which instabilities emerge and the simplicity which the experimental parameters can be controlled make the study of such systems attractive to the scientific community. In this thesis the results obtained during the conventional and non-linear dynamics of the electro-oxidation of ethanol in alkaline media are presented, combining the data obtained in both kinetic processes to fully understand the effect of the cations during the catalytic reaction. Once the impact of different ions on conventional and complex kinetics was analyzed, the maximum values of the turnover frequencies in the presence of different anions and cations were estimated using the data obtained by electroanalytical methods and, with the results in hand it was possible to discuss the activity on a more fundamental basis . Also, from the data of the oscillatory dynamics, it was possible to perform an indirect evaluation of the chemical dissipation of the systems studied using the pseudo-stationary curves. Finally, the characterization of the oscillatory behavior of the electro-oxidation of ethanol in alkaline medium on platinum single-crystalline surfaces was performed, connecting the disparities in the oscillatory profile with the defects presented in each crystallographic planes.
Riboldi, Lucas Baiochi. « Variação da pressão de turgor de plantas de milho em condições de déficit hídrico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-17032014-101852/.
Texte intégralMaize is a relatively tolerant plant water stress, especially in their early stages of growth. Plants subjected to water deficit have reduced growth by decreased photosynthetic rate and the availability of water in their tissues. The monitoring of water potential is important as an indicator of water stress, but the few methods for determining it .are not amenable to automation and for being destructive nature; the results are not always consistent with the actual conditions. With the new leaf patch clamp pressure probe developed by Zimmermann et al (2008) for the determination of leaf turgor, one can assess the water status of the plant and in some cases up to indicate the ideal time for irrigation. It is highly sensitive, versatile, non-destructive, easy to handle, with immediate results and available online. Thus the aim of this study was to determine if the maize plants subjected to drought cycles, had the ability to recover from water deficit, in addition to testing the effectiveness of this new method for monitoring stress. Plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse, where the leaf status was monitored through the leaf water potential, stomata conductance, leaf turgor pressure and photosynthesis. Plant growth (height, leaf area and dry mass) was continuously evaluated. Measures initiated one and half month after sowing and plants were monitored for about 30 days, by using the variable Pp (resulting pressure) given by de probe. Two treatments were imposed, one where the plant was kept irrigated and another where irrigation was suspended were established. As the days passed, the plants showed the first visual signs of stress, such as curling leaves. During this period we observed a fluctuation in the values of Pp throughout the day signaling loss of turgor, but with a recovery at night. There were significant differences between treatments for stomata conductance, water potential, photosynthesis and Pp over the days. After each irrigation, noticed a rapid recovery in all parameters analyzed. Thus, we concluded that maize plants were able to recover quickly from the water deficit, with a full recovery in just one day for all cycles analyzed. The turgor probe was able to display and monitor the water status of the plant, but in the last ten days of deficit it was not signaling an evident turgor loss as demonstrated by other indicators, as leaf curling, low leaf water potential, CO2 assimilation and stomata conductance. So, more studies are required to explain the probe response under these circumstances.
Holanda, Narriane Chaves Pereira de. « Síndrome metabólica e trabalho em turnos em equipe de enfermagem de um hospital infantil ». Universidade Católica de Santos, 2017. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/3481.
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Background: A relevant portion of the economically active world population is involved in some kind of night work and there are a relationship between shift work and short sleep duration. A few studies have shown the association between short sleep duration and negative consequences to the cardiometabolic health of night workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between shiftwork, sleep duration with metabolic syndrome risk factors in nursing personnel of a public hospital. Methods: A crosssectional study, involving nursing personnel of a children´s public hospital in João Pessoa, Brazil, was conducted. Sixty workers filled out a survey with socio-demographic, sleep (Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), Karasek's Job Demands-Control, and nutrition data (16-Food Intake Questionnaire). Body measurements and blood pressure were taken and blood was collected for glycemia, total cholesterol and portions of low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein, triglycerides and leptin. The sample was divided into three groups according to the work shift of the participants (only morning shift, mixed - morning and night shifts, ex-night shift). To do the statistical analyzes, tests of the difference of the average of quantitative variables were done (ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis) and tests of proportion (chi-square test and Fisher exact) of quantitative variables to compare the three groups. In all tests was considered p < 0,05 as significant. The program used was the STATA 12.0 (Stata corp, Texas, USA). The ethical questions involving people were respected. Results: The participants average age was 39.8 years old (SD=10.5 years old). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the studied population was 32%, however, there was no significant differences among the groups. Also, there were no significant differences among the studied groups regarding to socio-demographic, physical activity, food patterns, health characteristics, and job demands-control categories. Nevertheless, the group of morning and night workers reported sleep less (p<0.01), and showed a higher sleep debt (p<0.01) than the other groups in workdays. In addition, the higher proportion of workers with hypertriglyceridemia (TG ¿ 200 mg/dl; p=0.03) and diastolic arterial hypertension (DAP ¿ 90 mmHg; p=0.01) was observed in the morning and night shift group. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the studied population was above the general population. Although no differences were observed among the groups, the one which includes night shift showed more sleep disturbances than the others, and higher prevalence of two out of three risk factors to the metabolic syndrome diagnosis. The relationship between MS and shift work should be investigated in the light of work activity.
Introdução: Importante parcela da população mundial economicamente ativa está envolvida em algum tipo de trabalho noturno. Este tipo de trabalho promove dessincronização do ciclo virgília-sono e prejuízo do sono destes trabalhadores; e vários estudos observacionais têm demonstrado a associação entre sono de curta duração e consequências negativas para a sáude cardiometabólica. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o trabalho turno de trabalho, sono de curta duração e síndrome metabólica em uma equipe de enfermagem. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal envolvendo funcionárias da enfermagem de um hospital infantil, situado na cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Sessenta profissionais responderam questões sociodemográficas e questionários validados internacionalmente sobre sono (Questionário Karolinska), prática de atividade física (IPAQ-SF), binômio demanda-trabalho (Job Scale, versão curta) e nutrição (16-FIQ). Foram aferidas medidas antropométricas, da pressão arterial e realizada coleta de sangue para avaliação bioquímica da glicemia de jejum, colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos e leptina. Para as análises estatísticas foram realizados testes de diferença de médias das variáveis quantitativas (ANOVA e Kruskal Wallis), assim como testes de proporções (qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher) das variáveis qualitativas para comparar os três grupos. Em todos os testes foi considerado significante o valor de ¿p¿ menor que 0,05. O programa utilizado foi o STATA 12.0 (Stata corp, Texas, USA). As questões éticas de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos foram devidamente respeitadas. Resultados: A amostra foi dividida em três grupos, de acordo com o turno de trabalho exercido pelas participantes (diurno, misto - diurno e noturno, e ex-noturno). A idade média das participantes foi 39,8 anos (DP=10,5 anos), variando de 26 a 66 anos. A prevalência da síndrome metabólica na população estudada foi de 32%, estando acima da média da população geral. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados quanto às características sociodemográficas, de saúde, prática de atividade física, padrão alimentar e categorias de demanda e controle no ambiente de trabalho. As trabalhadoras diurnas e noturnas relataram dormir menos (p<0,01) e apresentaram um maior débito de sono (p<0,01), quando comparadas às trabalhadoras diurnas e ex-noturnas. Além disso, este grupo apresentou mais hipertrigliceridemia franca (TG ¿ 200 mg/dl) (p=0,03) e hipertensão arterial diastólica (PAD ¿ 90 mmHg) (p=0,01). Conclusão: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica na população estudada foi maior que a da população geral. Embora nenhuma diferença tenha sido observada entre os grupos, o grupo que incluiu trabalhadoras noturnas apresentou mais distúrbios do sono, além de uma maior prevalência de dois de três fatores de risco para o diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica.
Silva, Marlize Paulo da. « Relação das práticas de gestão de recursos humanos com turnover : um estudo com empresas do norte do Paraná ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-02042013-144513/.
Texte intégralIn 2008 and 2010, the national turnover exceeded 50%, which represents more than half of total employment contracts being broken every year. Furthermore, over 40% of working ties between the years of 2000 and 2009 did not last more than six months (DIEESE, 2011). The high turnover is causing worries about what companies can do to attract and retain professionals, especially in terms of their importance as a source of competitive advantage. Thus the overall goal was to identify the existence of a relationship between the practices of Human Resources Management with turnover being aimed at companies in the region of northern Paraná for convenience. In literature studies were found that could classify studies on turnover in three lines: focused on the individual, Human Resource Management and integrative view. This study chose to apply the line of research related to Human Resource Management. It was an applied research, descriptive and quantitative assumptions. The instrument used to McConnell (2001) allowed to quantify the efficiency rankings in the practice of Human Resource Management. The main results showed the existence of significant negative correlation with turnover practices Recruiting and Selection, Benefits and Training and Development. While Compensation, Performance Evaluation, Integration and satisfaction showed no significant correlations. It is suggested that future studies stratify firms for strategic direction and that the instrument can be adapted to small businesses.
Duarte, Rafael Gomes. « Os determinantes da rotatividade dos professores no Brasil : uma análise com base nos dados do SAEB 2003 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-07052010-163617/.
Texte intégralThe present paper tires to identify the factors that influences in teachers rotatctivity among scholls in the basic Brasil\'s schooling system. To that we estimated econometric models to verify the probability of a class to have more than one teacher durying the same period of one school year. Using the microdatabase of SAEB for the year of 2003, by the National institute of studies and educational research Anísio Teixeira, of Ministry of Education (INEP/MEC). We found that teachers of mathematics and Portuguese speaking of different sets respond differently to the variables analyzed. For example, an increase in the proportion of white students by 10 percentage points is associated with a decrease of 1 percentage point in the rotation, where teachers 4th grade of elementary school Portuguese language and mathematics. In turn, teachers of 4th grade of elementary schools of both disciplines and the 8 th grade of elementary schools that teach the Portuguese language, working in private schools reduces the likelihood of turnover by 5 percentage points. Finally, the occurrence of attacks on school teacher turnover increases of 4 th grade of elementary Portuguese Language and the presence of guns increases in teachers turnover in the 4th grade of elementary schools of the two disciplines. For the 3rd year of high school, participation in the teacher education program reduces turnover.
Abujamra, Tereza. « Detecção de agentes bacterianos envolvidos nos quadros de aerossaculite em perus através da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-15122011-113034/.
Texte intégralConsidering the increasing economic importance of exports of turkey meat and sanitary challenges that come with increased production of this species, this project proposes the detection of bacterial agents involved in airsacculitis of turkeys, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 201 air sacs swabs were collected from turkey carcasses at a commercial slaughterhouse located in the Midwest of Brazil. These swabs were submitted to PCR for detection of Bordetela avium, Pasteurela multocida, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycolplasma. gallisepticum, M. iowae, M. meleagridis e M. synoviae. B. avium was detected in 58 animals, representing 28.8% of the swabs analyzed. All 201 swabs were negative to detection of other six agents tested. B. avium is disseminated in Brazilians turkey herds and may have important impact in respiratory diseases in this specie under intensive production systems.
Menegon, Letícia Fantinato. « Contratos psicológicos como fatores influenciadores dos índices de rotatividade voluntária em empresas de consultoria ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-13042009-152811/.
Texte intégralThis research concentrates in a study about one of the specific instruments used by organizations to manage relationships with its employees the psychological contracts. Through an exploratory and descriptive research, the study addresses the question if and how psychological violation influences the level of voluntary turnover in consultant firms in operation in Brazil. To do so, and using a qualitative and quantitative method, the research was applied in two multinational consulting firms in the referred country. The sample, represented by seven senior consultants who left the organization voluntarily, tells that the psychological violation occurs in these firms, and the voluntary turnover is associated to it.
Tozkar, Ozge Cansu. « Comparative Sequence Analysis Of The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Region Of Turkish Red Pine (pinus Brutia Ten.) And Natural Aleppo Pine (pinus Halepensis Mill.) Populations From Turkey ». Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608313/index.pdf.
Texte intégralzge M.S., Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya April, 2007, 107 pages Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is wide-spread and an important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western and north-western Turkey and as small isolated populations in the Black Sea region. Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) has naturally found only in Adana and Mugla provinces as small population in mixture with Turkish red pine. Although Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine are morphologically different, Turkish red pine has been regarded as subspecies of Aleppo pine by some taxonomists due to occurrence of natural hybridization between these two species. However, the phylogenic relationship between these species needs to be explored further. In the present study, by sampling overlapped populations of both species from Mugla and Adana provinces (4 populations of Turkish red pine and 3 populations of Aleppo pine), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Although ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA were studied with ITS primers, only ITS2 region was successfully amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete data set for this region was analysed using MEGA3.1 and Arlequin softwares. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated the highest genetic differentiation between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine in Mugla with 100 percentage of variation. AMOVA analysis also indicated the possibility of low-level migration of genes between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations in Adana with 50.65 percent of molecular variance. Haplotype comparison revealed that two major haplotypes were represented Based on the results of ITS2 region sequence analysis, Turkish populations of Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations could not be fully differentiated. In Mugla province Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine revealed more differentiation due to reproductive isolation. But in Adana province, two species shared more common genetic background due to possible hybridization. Since ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA revealed a few variable and parsimony informative sites for both species, thus, only ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA does not appear to be sufficient for fully resolving genetic relationships between Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine populations. Further studies including ITS1 and 5.8s regions of ribosomal DNA and populations included from major Aleppo pine distribution areas will be useful to understand the evolutionary relationship between Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine populations in Turkey.
Borges, Anna Flávia Ferreira. « O TRABALHO EM TURNOS DE REVEZAMENTO EM UMA EMPRESA ESTATAL : UMA ANÁLISE EM PSICODINÂMICA DO TRABALHO ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2017. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3942.
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This master’s dissertation presents an empirical study results which intends to investigate the shift work impacts and to discuss how this model of working can interfere in the worker’s family and social life and in his health. This is a descriptive exploratory study, based theoretically and methodologically on the Psychodynamics of Work approach, carried out with a group of 12 employees of a state-owned electric power company - operators of substation and hydro-electric power station - that perform their job in rotational shift work schedule. Three collective discussion sessions and a meeting for the research's validation were developed. The data were examined through the work clinical analysis. Three categories were adopted for this study's purposes: the first one is concerned to the shift work; the second was the Organization of Work and, the third one, the subjective mobilization. According to the Psychodynamics of Work premises, work is a central factor in the constitution of worker's health and identity, and the main link between individuals and society; for that reason, the experiences of pleasure and suffering in the work of these professionals were investigated. Concerning to the shift work, allied to the rigid and bureaucratic routine of the investigated workers, the data point to the occurrence of suffering supported by them, evidenced in: difficulty in reconciling work and social/family life; domestic overtasks; difficulty in disconnecting mentally from work; risks they are submitted to, due to the profession; relatedshift work pathologies. It was verified that the shift work most affects the workers' health is the night one, causing damages evidenced by the following symptoms: irritability, discouragement, mood disorders, headaches and fatigue. In this study, the main pathologies identified were insomnia or excessive drowsiness, irritability, stress, fatigue and depression. However, the clinic demonstrated that there are cooperation and trusting among the group, which added to the symbolic recognition are decisive for all people of the company recognize the importance of the work developed by the substation operators in rotating shifts and also feel themselves part of this laborer group, strengthening their identity. It should be noted that the main strategies identified in the group studied were union and cooperation, advocated by the psychodynamics of work as an essential mediation in the formation and renewal of solidarities against suffering at work. In the category Subjective Mobilization, workers experience the pleasure in work concerning to: availability on days-off to solve particular and familiar issues; travels; remuneration; relationship with colleagues; challenges and new job opportunities and a work positive sense in the operator position, which influence the mental health maintenance in the group of the surveyed workers. It is believed that the greatest gain obtained with this research by the workers was to rethink the pertinent questions to their work and for that, It is suggested the permanence of the space for collective discussion so that workers can develop individual and collective strategies to help them to deal with this regime of work, as well as implementations of actions at individual, collective and family levels in order to minimize the impacts caused by the shift work model.
A presente dissertação traz resultados de um estudo empírico que teve por objetivo investigar os impactos do trabalho em regime de turnos de revezamento e discorrer sobre como essa modalidade de jornada de trabalho pode interferir nas esferas familiar, social e na saúde desses trabalhadores, que é uma categoria pouco estudada. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo exploratório, embasado teórica e metodologicamente na abordagem da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PDT), realizado com um grupo composto por 12 trabalhadores de uma empresa estatal de energia elétrica – ocupantes do cargo de “operador de subestação e usinas hidrelétricas” – que desempenham suas atividades em turnos de revezamento. Foram desenvolvidas três sessões de discussão coletiva e um encontro para validação da pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise clínica do trabalho. Foram adotadas, para fins deste estudo, três categorias: a primeira delas consistiu no trabalho em turnos; a segunda foi a Organização do Trabalho e a terceira, a Mobilização Subjetiva. O trabalho para a (PDT) é um elemento central na constituição da saúde e da identidade e o principal elo entre indivíduos e a sociedade; por esta razão, investigaram-se as vivências de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho desses profissionais. No que diz respeito ao trabalho em turnos, aliado à rotina rígida e burocrática dos trabalhadores estudados, os dados apontam para a ocorrência de sofrimento por eles vivenciado, manifesto na(o): dificuldade em conciliar trabalho e vida sociofamiliar; sobrecarga doméstica; dificuldade em se desligar do trabalho; riscos a que estão expostos pela profissão; patologias adquiridas pelo trabalho em turnos. Constatou-se que o turno que mais impacta a saúde dos trabalhadores em turnos é o noturno, causando prejuízos evidenciados pelos sintomas de irritabilidade, desânimo, alterações de humor, dores de cabeça e cansaço. As principais patologias identificadas por esse estudo foram insônia ou sonolência excessiva, cansaço, irritabilidade, estresse, fadiga e depressão. No entanto, a clínica mostrou que há cooperação e confiança no grupo, aspectos que, somados ao reconhecimento simbólico, são decisivos para que todos atribuam sentido positivo ao trabalho de operadores de subestação em turnos e sintam-se pertencentes a este grupo profissional de trabalhadores, fortalecendo sua identidade. Ressalta-se que as principais estratégias identificadas no grupo pesquisado foram a união e cooperação, preconizados pela psicodinâmica do trabalho como uma mediação imprescindível na formação e na renovação das solidariedades contra o sofrimento no trabalho. Na categoria compreendida como Mobilização Subjetiva, os trabalhadores vivenciam mais o prazer no trabalho relacionado a: disponibilidade nos dias de folgas para resolver questões particulares e familiares; viagens; remuneração; relacionamento com as pessoas no local de trabalho; desafios e novas oportunidades de trabalho e sentido positivo do trabalho como operador. Acredita-se que o maior ganho obtido com essa pesquisa pelos trabalhadores foi repensar as questões pertinentes ao seu trabalho e por isso, sugere-se a continuidade do espaço de discussão coletiva para que os trabalhadores possam encontrar nesse espaço, um local de fala e escuta das questões laborais, além de implementações de ações em níveis individual, coletivo e familiar que visem minimizar os impactos causados pela organização temporal de trabalho em regime de turnos.
Consolmagno, Luiza Camargo. « Estimativa da taxa de turnover e fator de discriminação isotópico em espécies de quelônios ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-11102018-114205/.
Texte intégralThe use of tracers such as stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes is crescent and complements the conventional techniques used in the studies referring to the diet in wild animals. This is possible because the isotopic value of the items used in the diet reflects their isotopic values on the tissues. The resulting isotopic difference called the discrimination factor or fractionation is associated with the metabolic processes required for nutrient incorporation to occur. The object of the study was to measure the incorporation time of isotopes into plasma and blood cells, components of re-portable non-lethal \"tissue\", and to determine the discriminant factor of five species of freshwater chelonians: Podocnemis expansa (Amazonia tortoise), Podocnemis unifilis (tracajá), Phrynops geofroanus (geoffroy´s side necked turtle), Trachemys scripta (red-eared slider turtle) and Trachemys dorbigni (d\'orbigny\'s slider). The isotopic differences of 10 adult individuals of each species kept in captivity were measured through shifting diets with different isotopic values. With the diet variation, carbon and nitrogen turnover was estimated between 7 and 185 days by non-linear exponential regression, when the new fractionation factors were estimated. The turnover time for the chelonians species varied from 72 to 337 days for carbon, and from 29 to 270 days for the plasma nitrogen. In blood cells, the turnover ranged from 3 to 373 days for carbon, and from 51 to 216 days for nitrogen. Discrimination factors that were, in average, close to zero for carbon and between 3 and 4‰ for nitrogen ranged from 1.01 to 3.28‰ for 13C and -0.76 to 0.49‰ for 15N in plasma, and from 1.49 to 3.98‰ for 13C and 0.99 to 4.69 for 15N in blood cells, with a decrease of 3.7‰ and an increase of 6.2‰, respectively for carbon and nitrogen in the new diet. The difference found between the discrimination factors calculated before and after the diet shift, showed that stable isotopes incorporation probably occurs in a heterogenous way in tissues. According to the literature it was possible to analyze that factors such as isotopic memory, metabolic routes and reptiles characteristic elements are possibly linked to slower turnover, different from endothermic animals in which this process is faster.
Feijó, Rosane Pinheiro Krüger. « ESTRESSE ENTRE VIGILANTES DE EMPRESAS DE SEGURANÇA PRIVADA DE PELOTAS, RS : OCORRÊNCIAS E CARACTERÍSTICAS DO TRABALHO ». Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2008. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/54.
Texte intégralThe present study aimed at investigating the world of private security workers, in the city of Pelotas-RS, in the year of 2008, refering to the relationship between work shifts (day and night) and the possible occurence of stress, since night shift work may lead to a worse performance of labor tasks and cause more labor accidents. The accomplished study of tranversal type was based on security service companies which were selected from aleatory sample, proportionally to the number of security workers. The defined sample were 223 security workers, from which 19 did not belong to any known companies. However, only a total of 56 security workers from the 13 selected companies answered the study questionnaire. Research data showed a 40-hour work week schedule, approximately. The security workers who labored from 41 to 47 hours showed a percentage of stress of 60%. From the security workers interviewed, 71,4% did not labor in another place, and the 28,6% who did, developed different activities. A total of 69,6% of the interviewees attended qualifying courses, while the other 30,4%, who had not attended any complementing courses, showed a percentage of 58,8% of stress. The research results indicate that 53,6% of security workers labor at night, showing a higher proportion of stress compared to the ones who labor during the day
O presente estudo objetivou uma investigação sobre o universo dos trabalhadores do setor de segurança privada, na cidade de Pelotas-RS, no ano de 2008, referente às relações entre os turnos de trabalho (diurno e noturno) e a possível ocorrência de estresse, pois a jornada noturna pode provocar um prejuízo no desempenho das tarefas laborais e ocasionar mais acidentes de trabalho. O estudo realizado é do tipo transversal, com base nas empresas de serviços de vigilância e as empresas foram selecionadas por amostragem aleatória e proporcional ao número de vigilantes em cada uma. A amostra definida foi de 223 vigilantes. Entretanto, somente um total de 56 vigilantes das 13 empresas selecionadas, responderam aos questionários do estudo (LIPP e MEQ). Dados da pesquisa mostram uma carga horária semanal de trabalho com uma média de 40 h. Os vigilantes que trabalham de 41 a 47 h apresentam um percentual de estresse de 60,0%. Dos vigilantes entrevistados, 71,4% não trabalham em outro local, e os 28,6% que trabalham em outros lugares desenvolvem atividades variadas. Um total de 69,6% dos entrevistados realizou cursos de qualificação, constatando-se que os outros 30,4%, sem nenhum curso de reciclagem, apresentam um percentual de 58,8% de estresse. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que 53,6% dos vigilantes trabalham no turno da noite, apresentando maior proporção de estresse do que aqueles que trabalham de dia
Melo, Thiago Anchieta de. « Mecanismos de patogenicidade do fungo Magnaporthe oryzae, agente causal da brusone em trigo : crescimento e esporulação, pressão de turgor apressorial, enzimas celulolíticas e produção de metabólitos tóxicos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-04022014-140006/.
Texte intégralThe fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, causal agent of blast in wheat and several other grasses, since its first occurrence in Brazil has been the subject of extensive research. The understanding of the morphology, physiology and biochemical parameters of this ascomycete is the first step for the adoption of efficient measures to control the disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects related to the pathogenicity of the fungus M. oryzae on wheat. Thus, it were determined in vitro the optimal conditions of temperature and photoperiod for growth and sporulation of the isolates tested, quantified the pressure exerted by appressorium at the time of substrate penetration, verified the presence of extracellular enzymes produced by the pathogen and their role in the degradation of cell wall and also demonstrated the possible production and action of toxic metabolites of the fungus in wheat seedlings. Two isolates of the fungus, Py5003 and Py6017, were grown on carrot, maize-carrot, PDA, oat and V8 media and measure periodically for 20 days and after that period, being evaluated the total mycelia growth and sporulation of the pathogen. Then, germinated conidia and appressoria were subjected to different concentrations of PEG-8000 for the measurement of appressorial turgor pressure. In addition, the concentration of total proteins was measured and enzyme activity (exo and endo-?- 1,4-glucanase, ?-glucosidase) was determined by indirect spectrophotometry, for the isolates grown in Modified Melin-Nokrans (MMN) medium. The production of toxic metabolites was determined after growing the isolates for 5 and 10 days in potatodextrose medium (PD) and obtaining the filtrate. The toxic action was evaluated in wheat seedlings (25 days old) by measuring electrolyte leakage. The results showed better mycelial growth and sporulation of the isolates in oat medium incubated at 25 °C and under a photoperiod of 12 h. Appressorial turgor pressure for both isolates were at the range of 7.5 MPa.There were no statistical differences between the levels of total protein presented by the isolates. The two isolates showed high cellulolytic activity, with decreased activity observed for endo-?-1,4-glucanase and ?- glucosidase in the presence of glucose and celobiose, respectively. The exposure of wheat seedlings to the filtrates of the fungus M. oryzae caused high electrolyte release, being, in absolute terms, Py5003 greater than Py6017. Seedlings exposed to the filtrate, autoclaved or not, and the crude extract obtained from the separation of the toxic metabolites in ethyl acetate, exibited clorotic and/or necrotic. These results suggest a mechanism of parasitism developed by M. oryzae on wheat, ranging from pre-penetration through the establishment of stable parasitic relationships and the appearance of symptoms and signals in the host plant.
Pennaforte, Antoine. « La relation dialectique d'alternance : l'impact de la formation en alternance sur l'implication organisationnelle et le turnover dans le monde des services ». Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555923.
Texte intégralPalmeira, Magna Lúcia de Souza. « Excesso de peso em pilotos da aviação regular associado às características do trabalho e de saúde ». Universidade Católica de Santos, 2016. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/2681.
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Introduction: In addition to the already known causes which lead to excess weight, such as changes in lifestyle and in the food intake pattern, the decrease in sleeping time has been discussed in recent times, as well as the inversion of the sleep-wake cycle. In the occupational category of airline pilots, irregular working schedules, as well as time zone changes are common. This type of organization of working time into irregular shifts may damage the pilot¿s health, both in the physical aspect, as well as in the psychological, emotional and social ones. Among these damages, the aspects related to weight gain stand out. Commonly airline pilots invert the sleep-wake cycle and reduce the total sleeping time due to the irregular working shifts. Airplane pilots are submitted to irregular working shifts, altering the sleep-wake cycle, which may influence the appetite and the sense of satiety, thus favoring weight gain. Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the working conditions and the health of Brazilian regular aviation pilots. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, carried out with 1.198 Brazilian regular aviation pilots. The data collection was performed by means of an online questionnaire, with socio-demographic, work, health, lifestyle and sleeping data. For the analysis of the factors associated to excess weight (overweight and obesity) Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was carried out. In all the tests P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The data was analyzed using the STATA 12.0 program. Results: All the pilots were male, with an average age of 39.2 years (SD = 9.8 years). In relation to body mass index (BMI) 53.7% of the pilots were considered as being overweight and 14.6% as being obese. Higher chances of being overweight were verified in people who worked night shifts between six to ten years and who had difficulty relaxing after work, being the perception of morningness a protection factor. Working night shifts between six to ten years, difficulty to relax after work, to sleep less than six hours on the time off work, to have other diagnosed diseases and to practice less than 150 minutes/week of physical activity were considered as being risk factors for obesity. Conclusion: These results point to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this occupational category, characterized as being a public health problem, signaling to the need for interventions for the body weight control.
Introdução: Além das causas já conhecidas que levam ao excesso de peso, como mudanças no estilo de vida e no padrão alimentar, a diminuição do tempo de sono vem sendo discutida nos últimos tempos, bem como a inversão do ciclo vigília-sono. Na categoria profissional de pilotos de aviação é comum o horário irregular de trabalho bem como mudanças de fusos horários. Esse tipo de organização do trabalho em turnos irregulares pode prejudicar a saúde dos pilotos, tanto no aspecto físico, como psíquico, emocional e social. Dentre esses prejuízos, destacam-se os aspectos relacionados ao aumento do peso. Comumente os pilotos invertem o ciclo vigília-sono e diminuem o tempo total de sono por conta dos turnos irregulares de trabalho. Os pilotos de avião são submetidos a turnos irregulares de trabalho, alterando o ciclo vigília/sono o que pode influenciar o apetite e a saciedade, favorecendo o aumento de peso. Objetivo: O objetivo principal desse estudo foi analisar as condições de trabalho e de saúde dos pilotos brasileiros da aviação regular. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, com corte transversal, realizada com 1.198 pilotos brasileiros da aviação regular. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário on-line com dados sociodemográficos, trabalho, saúde, estilo de vida, e sono. Para análise dos fatores associados ao excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) foi realizada a análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Em todos os testes foi considerado significante o valor de ¿p¿ menor que 0,05. Os dados foram analisados através do programa STATA 12.0. Resultados: Todos os pilotos eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 39,2 anos (DP= 9,8 anos). Em relação ao Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) 53,7% dos pilotos foram classificados como sobrepeso e 14,6% como obesos. Foi verificado maiores chances de ter sobrepeso as pessoas que trabalhavam no turno noturno entre seis e dez anos e que tinham dificuldade para relaxar após o trabalho, sendo a percepção de matutinidade fator de proteção. Para a obesidade foi fator de risco trabalhar no turno noturno entre seis e dez anos, dificuldade para relaxar após o trabalho, dormir menos de seis horas na folga, ter outras doenças diagnosticadas e praticar menos de 150 minutos/semana de atividade física. Conclusão: Esses resultados apontam para uma elevada prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade nessa categoria profissional, caracterizado como um problema de saúde pública, sinalizando a necessidade de intervenções para o controle do peso corporal.
Cristofoletti, Maria Fernanda. « Avaliação do estado nutricional de operadores de telemarketing submetidos a três turnos fixos de trabalho ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-15042008-155604/.
Texte intégralObjective. The aim of this survey was to identify nutritional status and food intake among call center operators who work in 3-fixed Schedule. Methods. Two hundred and eighteen workers (Morning=72; Afternoon=97 and Evening= 49) of two call centers were studied (A dealing with health assitence services and B airplane company). For anthropometric assessment were used weight, height and waist circumference (WC). The operators filled self-aplicable questionnaire about identification, smoking and drink habits and food frequency (QFA) of snacks and stimulants consumption. Interviews were taken about dietary intake (24 hours recall in 2 workdays and 1 offday). Body mass index (BMI) and WC were classified according to the World Health Organizaton's (WHO) patterns. The nutritional values were calculated through the Virtual Nutri software. The statistics testes were: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Exact Fisher test and Pearson's chi-square. Statistic significance level was considered less than p=0.05. Results. The operators were: 74.2% women, 44% had incomplete undergraduate level and the average age was 28.9 (Std Dev=7.6 years old). In the total, 45% referred weight gain after start working in call centers and 28.9% changed dietary habits due to the anxiety during the working time. Obesity (BMI _ 30 kg/m2) was 9.3% (13% in men and 8.1% in women). WC identified 14.4% of operators in high risk of chronic diseases associated with obesity (WC _ 80cm for women and _ 94 cm for men) and in substantially high (WC _ 88 cm for women and _ 102 cm for men) 11,6% of the cases. The average in 3 days of dietary intake in women showed that caloric intake was 1612.4 kcal, the values of percentage of calories (%VPC) coming from protein was 15.2% carbohydrates, 49.3% (fiber 10.3 grams), lipids 30.6% (unsaturated lipids 22.8 grams and cholesterol 229.9 grams). In men, the caloric intake was 2741.7 kcal, with values of %VPC for protein of 16.9%, carbohydrates 47.7% (fiber 14.7 grams), lipids 32.9% (unsaturated lipids 41.4 grams and cholesterol 433.9 grams). Based on FAO/OMS (1998) recommendations of energy, women intakes were 77% and men 100% of recommendations. According to FAO/OMS (2003) recommendations, the values of %VPC for lipids were high and for carbohydrates, fiber and unsaturated lipids were low. In men, cholesterol intake and percentage of protein were high comparing to the FAO/OMS recommendations. The FFQ identified high daily intake of coffee (44.5%) and milk with coffee (42.6%) based on stimulants consumption. The daily intakes of milky drinks (38.5%) and fruit juices ready to drink (38.1%) were high. The night shift workers showed significances differences with age, gender, extra job, smoking, BMI in women and intakes of coffee, cola drinks, diet bubblegum and candy, fruit juices ready to drink and cookies. Conclusions. Study findings suggest that diets were inadequate; overall obesity and abdominal obesity were high among call center operators, especially in men that work at night.
Moreno, Claudia Roberta de Castro. « Critérios cronobiológicos na adaptação ao trabalho em turnos alternantes : validação de um instrumento de medida ». Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-15052018-172440/.
Texte intégralThe adaptation to shiftwork has been considered of vital importance in the organization of work, particularly in its temporal organization. The aim of this research was to build up a questionnaire to evaluate adaptation of workers to shift systems. The results of this questionnaire were compared to a chronobiological index that reflects the disruption of biological rhythms. Twenty-one male subjects spontaneously mentioned in an interview, the factors that might be influencing their adaptation to shiftwork. A questionnaire was built taking these factors into account. After that, another group of eleven male subjects, answered the questionnaire and participated of an autorhythmometric study. A sleep log form was filled in daily and oral temperatura measurements were made every 3 hours during 25 consecutive days. The values of the mid-sleep positions in time and the temperature acrophases were calculated as well as the differences between these values along the 25 days. The standard deviations of each individual were chosen as a chronobiological index to evaluate the temporal relationships between the sleep/wake and the temperature cycles. To evaluate the association between the questionnaire scores and the chronobiological index, the Spearman\'s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated providing a significant result r=0.81 (p lower 0.01 ). This result shows a correlation between the workers\' replies and the evaluation of the relationships of their biological rhythms.
Lemos, Lucia Castro. « Prevalência de queixas de dores osteomusculares em motoristas de caminhão que trabalham em turnos irregulares ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-16102009-163055/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: Truck drivers are exposed to risks of their work environment that can affect their physical and mental health. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of osteomuscular pain complaints, for the last 12 months, among truck drivers who work in irregular shifts compared to those who work in diurnal fixed shifts. Methods: The population studied included male truck drivers (n=460), mean age of 39.8 years old. The workers filled out questionnaires about socio-demographic aspects, life style, health status, and sleep characteristics. The prevalence of osteomuscular pain complaints was estimated using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and its association to the variables studied was analyzed through univariate and multivariate regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow was chosen to measure the adjustment (goodness-of-fit) of the logistic regression model of the variable pain with a significance level of p less than 0.05. Results: Most of the drivers studied (53.5 per cent) mentioned some kind of pain symptom, and 22 per cent reported pain during the week before the research. The higher prevalence of pain complaint was reported by drivers who work in irregular hours when compared to those who work in fixed shifts. Sleep quality and taking naps, as well as discomfort when driving a truck were independent risk factors for pain during the previous 12 months for most of the regression models obtained. Conclusions: Irregular working time is related to osteomuscular pain. The association of pain complaints during the previous 12 months with low sleep quality and not taking naps contributed to the manifestation of pain in this population.
Perez, Caio Frederico Fonseca Martinez. « Burocracia estável e o princípio da eficiência na administração pública brasileira ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-03112016-223544/.
Texte intégralThe last Brazilian Public Administration reform in 1998 sought within the private sector ideas to improve its management, such as the principle of efficiency, the new public management and the greater flexibility in hiring and laying off public workers. However, the proposed innovation did not observed what private sectors present-day theories actually proposed. The notion that the bureaucracys stability in public administration would be pernicious and less efficient is inaccurate, especially with regards to turnover and retention of qualified staff. The enrichment of human capital, and not its disposal, is what makes managing better, whether in the private enterprise or in the public sector.
Zani, Caio Fernandes. « Evaluation of soil carbon stocks in response to management changes in sugarcane production ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-24082015-143738/.
Texte intégralCommodities brasileiras, como o etanol, estão à procura de uma produção sustentável para atender às exigências do mercado internacional. Um parâmetro importante para avaliar a sustentabilidade é o cálculo da pegada de carbono (C) do produto. Assim, os estudos sobre as variações nos estoques de carbono do solo (ECS) sobre a produção de etanol são essenciais. Estudos em relação à mudança no uso da terra já estão sendo desenvolvidos; no entanto informações sobre parâmetros de mudanças de manejo na produção de cana de açúcar são necessárias. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o ECS em resposta a duas principais mudanças de manejo: i) não vinhaça para aplicação de vinhaça (NV-V), ii) sistema queimado para não queimado (B-UB). Mudanças de ECS também foram avaliadas em sistemas de irrigação em cronoseqüência: vegetação nativa (NV), cana de açúcar irrigada por 4 anos (I4) e por 6 anos (I6). Modelagem matemática para avaliar o efeito a longo prazo também foi analisada. A transição NV-V apresentou maior ECS para o regime V em 40 cm de profundidade, devido principalmente à adição de compostos orgânicos ao solo. A vinhaça também pode aumentar a produção de biomassa e rendimento da cultura. A transição B-UB apresentou maior ECS no regime UB em 20-60 cm de profundidade devido ao acúmulo de matéria orgânica a partir da manutenção da palha no campo. O ECS acumulado para 1 metro de profundidade obteve um aumento de 1,1 e 0,75 Mg C ha-1 y-1 nas transições NV-V e B-UB, respectivamente. A partir de modelagem foi observado que os regimes V e UB obteve um aumento de ECS em 2150, sendo uma diferença de 2,8 e 23 Mg ha-1 no estado de equilíbrio para os regimes NV-V e B-UB, respectivamente. Nas práticas de irrigação, o I4 foi superior ao NV nos 20 a 40 cm; enquanto que I6 foi inferior a NV na profundidade de 50 a 100 cm. As análises de simulação a longo prazo mostraram um aumento de ECS de 12 e 13 Mg ha-1 para as áreas I6 e I4, respectivamente, em comparação com NV em 2100. Os resultados deste estudo são pioneiros em relação aos estudos de ECS nas mudanças de manejo e práticas de irrigação. Esta informação pode ser usada como base para a decisão de políticas públicas que lidam com o uso da terra e do aquecimento global
Peixoto, Franciele Parreira. « Diversidade evolutiva de morcegos : padrões geográficos e aplicações em conservação ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3151.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Aim: To investigate global patterns of phylobetadiversity (PBD) in bats, with the purpose to better understand the mechanisms underlying current biodiversity patterns. We also aimed to use a metric that allows partitioning PBD into two components to distinguish the relative roles of local (e.g. lineage filtering) and regional processes (e.g. speciation) in shaping broad-scale patterns of PBD. Furthermore, we analyzed the distance-decay relationship of phylogenetic beta diversity to provide more information about factors that act in the PBD patterns. Location: global, delimited by biogeographic regions. Methods: Using the global distribution of bats and a supertree available for most species, we calculated PBD using the complement of phylosor index. We used a null model to test if two assemblages were more or less phylogenetically dissimilar than expected by chance. In addition, we decoupled PBD into turnover and nestednessresultant components, providing information about two factors that produce differences in assemblage phylogenetic composition. We also performed a Mantel analysis to analyze the distance-decay patterns of PBD and its two components. Results: The most striking difference in PBD was found between the Old and New World “phylogenetic composition”. We found the lowest values of PBD between adjacent regions (i.e., Neotropical/Neartic; Indo-Malay/Paleartic), revealing a strong geographical structure in PBD. These values were even lower when the turnover component was analyzed, demonstrating the differences in the role of regional processes in shaping regional diversity. On the other hand, we found out that for some adjacent regions (e.g., Afrotropical/Paleartic), the observed PBD was higher than expected by chance and comparatively different from expected by the distance decay relationship. This value remained high, even when we analyzed just the PBD turnover component. This demonstrates that although these regions are relatively close in space, there are other factors driving phylogenetic differences between them (e.g. an environmental barrier). Main conclusions: Our analyses revealed differences in the expected patterns of bat PBD among regions, suggesting that at broad scales, besides the effects of distance and geographic barriers, we also have to consider the importance of environmental gradients when studying the phylogenetic origin of bat assemblages.
A abordagem mais comum no uso de PD (diversidade filogenética) para conservação é selecionar locais com maior diversidade evolutiva. Essa estratégia parte do pressuposto de que locais com maior quantidade de PD indicam maior potencial para respostas evolutivas a mudanças ambientais futuras. No entanto, há um crescente debate sobre se as prioridades de conservação deveriam também ser voltadas para locais com baixo valor de PD, que podem representar centros de diversificação de espécies ou “berçários de diversidade”. Alguns trabalhos têm testado se os hotspots globais de biodiversidade, baseados em riqueza, também representam locais de desproporcional concentração de história evolutiva. Nós testamos aqui se os hotspots contêm mais, menos ou igual diversidade filogenética (PD) que o esperado por uma amostragem ao acaso de espécies em qualquer posição na filogenia, para a ordem Chiroptera. Buscamos responder qual a real contribuição de cada hotspot para a conservação de padrões e processos relacionados à diversidade filogenética. Nós utilizamos uma supertree disponível para a maioria das espécies da ordem, e dados de distribuição das espécies. Nós calculamos o PD para cada hotspot separadamente e utilizamos um modelo nulo para obter os valores esperados dado a riqueza. De 34 hotspots, apenas um apresentou maior PD do que o esperado, treze apresentaram valores menores e o restante valores iguais ao esperado. Nós demonstramos que a relação entre PD e riqueza varia entre regiões biogeográficas, de modo que não há como fazer generalizações acerca da contribuição dos hotspots para a conservação de diversidade evolutiva. De modo geral nossos resultados demonstram que devido ao fato da história evolutiva variar regionalmente, também devem ser estabelecidas as prioridades de conservação nessa escala.
Assis, Dnieber Chagas de. « Associação da expressão circadiana do cortisol de enfermeiros segundo trabalho em turnos, estresse ocupacional e fadiga ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-04072018-144422/.
Texte intégralNight-work and shiftwork are identified as maximizing negative effects on worker health, such as stress and fatigue, by making it difficult to adapt the circadian rhythm of cortisol to work. Objective: to investigate the effect of the fixed and alternating and nocturnal shifts of nurses on the occupational stress index, fatigue and circadian expression of salivary cortisol. Method: observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study based on Cooper\'s theoretical framework. Performed with 104 nurses from the emergency units and surgical center of a public teaching hospital in the State of São Paulo and another from Minas Gerais, from January to March, 2017. Stress and fatigue indexes were measured using two instruments, the Nurses\' Stress Inventory and the Fatigue Assessment Scale, both of which were validated and salivary cortisol quantification was performed by ELISA assay. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under protocol. 55695416.7.0000.5393. Results: 66.67% of the nurses worked on alternating shifts and 39.39% were fixed on the morning shift. It was found that 50.8% of the nurses had a high stress index and 46.03% presented fatigue. There were no statistically significant associations between salivary cortisol index, shiftwork, fixed or alternating shift scheme, stress and fatigue. However, nursing professionals from critical units who worked in an alternating and morning shift schedule showed a trend towards higher levels of stress and fatigue and lower cortisol secretion throughout the workday than fixed and night shift workers. Fatigue was significantly and positively correlated to overall morning cortisol. Conclusions: The findings of the present study provide evidence of a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis desynchronization in nurses of the alternating and morning shift and, consequently, a greater susceptibility of these to the development of cardiac, metabolic and immunological diseases
Macedo, Francynês da Conceição Oliveira. « Electrical signaling, gas exchange and turgor pressure in ABA-deficient tomato (cv. Micro-Tom) under drought ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-07012016-171609/.
Texte intégralO presente documento refere-se a pesquisa cujo principal objetivo foi investigar a relação entre sinais hidráulicos, químicos e elétricos em plantas de tomate deficientes da produção de ABA. O documento foi organizado em três capítulos: O primeiro capítulo apresenta um detalhado protocolo de medição extracelular de sinais elétricos em plantas e como associar estas medições a determinação de trocas gasosas usando o Analisador de gás por infravermelho (IRGA) e pressão de turgor usando a sonda de pressão (ZIM-probe). O segundo capítulo refere-se ao registro de potenciais de ação gerados espontaneamente e evocados por estímulo elétrico em tomateiro deficiente na produção de ABA, mutante sitiens. O último capítulo apresenta os resultados referentes a medições de pressão de turgor, trocas gasosas e sinais elétricos nos mutantes notabilis e sitiens, deficientes na produção de ABA reirrigadas após um período de déficit hídrico. O possível papel dos sinais elétricos na sinalização em plantas em condições de estresse é discutido. As principais conclusões referentes aos capítulos 1, 2 e 3 foram, respectivamente: As plantas mutantes são mais responsivas eletricamente a re-irrigação, após déficit hídrico com que as plantas selvagens. Medições extracelulares de sinais elétricos podem ser realizadas com medidas de trocas gasosas e pressão de turgor utilizando os equipamentos IRGA e ZIM-probe; Sinais elétricos gerados espontaneamente nos mutantes sitiens se propagam com amplitude e velocidade maiores do que nas plantas selvagens. sitiens é menos responsivo a estímulo elétrico do que plantas selvagens apresentando maior limiar de excitação e período refratário; Os sinais elétricos precedem as alterações nas trocas gasosas pós irrigação em todos os genótipos estudados. A sonda ZIM-probe não se mostrou eficiente para avaliar a pressão de turgor em plantas mutantes sob condições de estresse, mas para as plantas selvagens é uma ferramenta promissora para estudos envolvendo sinalização hidráulica e elétrica.
Bieluczyk, Wanderlei. « Crescimento e decomposição de raízes finas e qualidade do solo sob sistemas integrados de agricultura, pecuária e floresta (São Carlos, SP) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-24102018-151618/.
Texte intégralIntegrated farming systems (IS) diversify and intensify rural production, although there are still gaps in advancing and detailing of the processes and mechanisms involved in the soil-plant-atmosphere relations, which are essential to adapt and model these systems for the different eco-regions and edafoclimatic conditions. This study investigated the effects of the intensification of IS on the quantity, quality and origin of soil organic matter (SOM) and on root growth and decomposition dynamics of plant species during cropping and grazing periods. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, state of São Paulo, southeast region of Brazil. Two IS were evaluated: integrated crop-livestock system (ICL) and integrated crop-livestock-forest system (ICLF). Two references areas were used: extensive grazing (not degraded) and a semideciduous seasonal forest (only for SOM evaluations). Two evaluation periods were considered: cropping (summer of 2014/15) and grazing period (winter of 2015 and summer and winter of 2015/16). The quantity (C and N contents and stocks), quality (C management indexes, light, particulate and mineral SOM fractions) and the origin (?13C and ?15N) of SOM in the 0-0.40 m layer, and the growth and decomposition of the root systems of the plant species and water flow in the soil profile (0-0.7 m) were evaluated during cropping and grazing periods. In addition, in ICLF also these parameters of plants and soils were evaluated at three distances of eucalyptus rows (1.9, 4.5 and 7.3 m). The conversion of extensive grazing to ICL system resulted in: (i) increased availability of nutrients (Ca, Mg, K and P) in the soil; (ii) increases in C and N stocks, as well as labile fractions of SOM; (iii) maintenance of greater water content in the soil; and (iv) cycling of C and N, with higher root production and decomposition, even in deeper layers of the soil. Implementing the ICLF under the area used for ICL promoted the following effects: (i) reduction in soil water content; (iii) limitations in the root production in the cropping season (mainly in places near the trees) and increases in the root decomposition, resulting in higher cycling rates of the roots in the soil; (iv) increases in C and N cycling; and, (v) occurrence of symbiotic associations with the roots, such as ectomycorrhizal fungi, which were perceptible by the technique of root analysis using minirhizotrons. According to the results, it is suggested that the arrangement of the trees in the ICLF system need to be restructured after the fourth year of age, when they limited the root growth and the amount of labile organic matter, besides reducing the contents of water in the soil. However, farming intensification is recommended under tropical conditions, as the SOM quantity and quality, and the productivity and deepening of the root system were increased during cultivations in the IS, especially in the ICL system
Martins, Lucas Pereira. « Diversidade beta e estrutura de interações em redes inseto-planta do cerrado ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8328.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Understanding how species interact with each other is essential to advance our knowledge on community ecology. However, there are still gaps regarding how interspecific interactions affect and are affected by the variation in the composition of species that constitute the ecological networks. In particular, studies of beta diversity are interesting to understand how sets of biotic filters may affect species’ geographic distribution and persistence on communities. Another interesting question is if variations in species composition may cause changes on how ecological networks are structured. In this dissertation, we propose to evaluate patterns of beta diversity and structure on insect-plant interaction networks. Specifically, in the first chapter we aimed to test if beta diversity is affected by the trophic level to which the assemblage belongs, and by the degree of specialization of species at higher trophic levels to their host species. For this, we used a tritrophic system comprising plants of the family Asteraceae, endophagous herbivores and parasitoids sampled in remnants of Brazilian Cerrado. Our main results show that total beta diversity of parasitoids (higher trophic level) was lower than those of the other trophic levels, while there was no difference between total beta diversity of plants and herbivores. Furthermore, the degree of specialization of the assemblages of herbivores and parasitoids was positively associated to the beta diversity of these groups. In the second chapter, we evaluated if species beta diversity among sites affects dissimilarity in network structure, and if this relationship changes across time. Overall, the relationship between spatial beta diversity and dissimilarity in plant-herbivore network structure was context-dependent, thus indicating that different ecological processes (i.e., niche-based and neutral) may drive the organization of antagonistic networks across time.
Compreender como as espécies interagem entre si é essencial para avançar o nosso conhecimento em ecologia de comunidades. No entanto, ainda existem lacunas no que se refere a como interações interespecíficas influenciam e são influenciadas pela variação na composição de espécies que constituem as redes ecológicas. Em particular, estudos de diversidade beta são interessantes para entender como conjuntos de filtros bióticos podem influenciar a distribuição geográfica e persistência de espécies nas comunidades. Outra questão interessante é se variações na composição de espécies podem causar mudanças no modo como redes ecológicas são estruturadas. Nesta dissertação, propomos avaliar padrões de diversidade beta e estrutura de redes de interações inseto-planta. Especificamente, no primeiro capítulo visamos testar se a diversidade beta é influenciada pelo nível trófico ao qual a assembleia pertence, e pelo grau de especialização de espécies de níveis tróficos superiores às suas espécies hospedeiras. Para isso, utilizamos um sistema tritrófico composto por plantas da família Asteraceae, herbívoros endófagos e parasitoides amostrado em remanescentes de Cerrado brasileiro. Nossos principais resultados demonstram que a diversidade beta total de parasitoides (nível trófico superior) foi menor do que a dos demais níveis tróficos, enquanto que não houve diferença entre a diversidade beta total de plantas e herbívoros. Além disso, o grau de especialização das assembleias de herbívoros e parasitoides foi positivamente relacionado à diversidade beta destes grupos. No segundo capítulo, avaliamos se a diversidade beta de espécies entre locais influencia a dissimilaridade na estrutura de redes ecológicas, e se esta relação muda através do tempo. De modo geral, a relação entre diversidade beta espacial e dissimilaridade na estrutura de redes planta-herbívoro foi contexto-dependente, indicando assim que diferentes processos ecológicos (i.e., baseados em nicho e neutros) podem determinar a organização de redes antagonistas através do tempo.
Pfrimer, Karina. « Avaliação do metabolismo protéico em idosos brasileiros independentes utilizando a glicina marcada com 15N ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-17082006-153645/.
Texte intégralProtein metabolism in the elderly, analyzed though the protein turnover rate, is of great importance to muscle trophysm and maintenance of activities of daily living. Some studies in the elderly have shown a reduction of protein synthesis with aging, while others found that it is maintained and degradation increased. Methods using stable isotopes are of great relevance in the research of protein metabolism, being non-invasive and safe. This investigation aimed to study protein turnover in healthy independent elderly through the method of glycine labeled with 15N. Seven healthy elderly persons were studied. All volunteers were assessed by clinic, nutritional and biochemical evaluation, with the exclusion of diseases and medications that could affect protein metabolism. A 200 mg oral dose of 15N-Glycine was administered and urine and blood samples were collected (basal sample before isotope intake, four hours after isotope intake and the last sample after 9 hours). Ammonium, urea and total nitrogen were quantified and analyzed by mass spectrometry, with the determination of isotope enrichment (15N). Volunteers were aged 65.4 ± 2.8 years (mean ± SE), four women and three men, with BMI 22.73 ± 2.4 Kg/m2. Total nitrogen output was 3.31 ± 0.7 gN/9hours and intake 7.76 ± 1.0 g/N; 15N nitrogen flux was 30.36 ± 6.3 gN/9hours, so the nitrogen balance was 4.46 ± 1.0 g/N. These findings were similar to those of others studies with old persons in the literature and lower than those for younger persons. This research established the values of protein metabolism in healthy old persons during the ingestion of typical food (rice and meat) and will allow the development of further intervention studies.
Miranda, Jéssica Gagete. « Descontinuidade política, rotatividade de diretores e desempenho dos alunos : efeitos adversos de novos prefeitos na educação municipal ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-15092015-105243/.
Texte intégralThe present study investigates the impact of principals\' turnover in Brazilian public schools on the municipalities\' educational performance. In order to perform such investigation, we adopted a regression discontinuity design, which explored the high correlation between political discontinuity in the municipality (i.e. the shift of the governing mayor) and school principals\' turnover in that area. As a result, we found that principals\' turnover has a negative impact on student achievement, especially on the growth of the Brazilian Index of Basic Education (IDEB) from 2007 to 2009, which is up to 2.60 percentage points lower in high principals\' turnover cities (i.e. cities where the turnover rate is about 78 %, same as the average rate in the locations that experienced political discontinuity). Performing an investigation of the transmission mechanisms through which this impact occurs, we found that principals appointed by the new mayors are less experienced as school managers. Moreover, some of the old principals, removed from their positions, have had a long tenure in schools. Therefore, their shift could lead to greater instability in the institutions.