Articles de revues : « Turks – Sweden »

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Kudayarov, Kanybek. « TURKS OUTSIDE THE HOMELAND : IMMIGRATION, ETHNICITY AND RELIGION ». Vostokovedenie i Afrikanistika, n^o 4 (2021) : 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rva/2021.04.01.

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The review characterizes the publications of ten contemporary Turkish specialists analyzing the situation of Turkish migrants outside Turkey. Their experiences in Germany, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain, and the United States are described. Each section of the survey draws on field research on the lived religious experience of Turks in Europe and North America, shaped around religious and civic organizations dedicated to protecting the interests of the Turkish diaspora. The current situation of Turkish communities, which have become settled communities and have moved away from the goals of initial migration, is of importance to both host countries and Turkey itself. The studies characterized in this review purport to make an important contribution to understanding the culture of the contemporary West, which is undergoing enormous strain in its progression from liberal multiculturalism to conservatism.

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Bakhchinyan, Artsvi. « Elżbieta Święcicka and her Affaire de Coeur with an Armenian Literary Figure and his Dictionary ». Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 27, n^o 2 (16 mars 2021) : 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26670038-12342734.

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Abstract Armenian Philologist, writer, and cultural Armenologist Artsvi Bakhchinyan interviews Polish researcher of Turkic languages at Uppsala University in Sweden, Elżbieta Święcicka. This interview takes place during the recent war waged attack on the people of Artsakh by the Azeri and Turkish governemnts in the fall of 2020. Bakhchinyan’s interview delves into significant questions around language, authorship, and translation as it connects to the intercultural relations between Armenians and Turks from the medieval to the contemporary period.

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Icduygu, Ahmet. « Becoming a New Citizen in an Immigration Country : Turks in Australia and Sweden and Some Comparative Implications ». International Migration 34, n^o 2 (avril 1996) : 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1996.tb00525.x.

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Pabich, Łukasz. « Po wojnie o ujście Wisły. Wojsko kwarcianie w 1630 r. a zagrożenie turecko-tatarskie ». Textus et Studia, n^o 1(21) (26 juillet 2021) : 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/tes.06103.

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After the end of the war with Sweden over the Vistula Estuary in 1629, the quarter army moved to the Ukrainian lands at the beginning of 1630. At that time, the Poles were afraid of the invasion of the Kantemir’s Republic of Poland, but also of the Turks themselves, led by the Beillerbei from Ochakiv Murtazy Pasha. Poland was by no means prepared for such aggression. In Lviv, heavy negotiations of the military commission with soldiers considering the payment for the Prussian war. What is worse, a Cossack uprising broke out in Ukraine and Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski moved with the greater part of the army to suppress the rebellion. In addition, there was a confederation in the Polish army, headed by Janusz Wiliński, lieutenant of the Hussar banner, voivode of Bracław, Mikołaj Potocki. Eventually, all disputes were resolved. On the other hand, the growing conflict with the Ottoman Empire could be smoothed out again through diplomatic channels. Aleksander Piaseczyński was sent to Istanbul and he was assured that the peace treaty of 1623 was still in force. On the occasion, five articles were written in which the Polish side. It was stated there to stop the Cossack attacks and pay gifts to the Khan, and the Turks to remove the Nogai Horde from Budziak and ensure the security of the Crown borders by the Khanate.

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Akan, Lale S., et Yahya Özdogan. « Production and Characteristics of a Turkish Traditional Food in Another Country (Jonkoping-Sweden) : Molasses ». Food Science and Nutrition Studies 2, n^o 2 (4 octobre 2018) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fsns.v2n2p33.

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Pekmez, which has been produced for a long time in Turkey, is one of the popular and traditional Turkish foods (Tosun & Üstün, 2003; Celik & Surucuoglu, 2005). Although it is not very common, it is being tried in houses and production places in some countries where Turks live. Pekmez is produced primarily from grapes (Alpaslan & Hayta, 2002; Sürücüoglu & Celik, 2005; Batu et al., 2007). Grapes suitable for fruit juice yield, sugar content, acid value and ripening time are suitable for molasses production.Turkey, approximately 4185.126 tons of grapes are produced per year (TUIK, 2012), and approximately 30% of the grapes produced in Turkey are used for pekmez, wort and sausage with pekmez production in a year. In this study, some information is given on Molasses (produced in another country), production stages, effects on health and the relevant regulations and in terms of product chemical and microbiological characteristics.

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Piirimäe, Pärtel. « Russia, The Turks and Europe : Legitimations of War and the Formation of European Identity in the Early Modern Period ». Journal of Early Modern History 11, n^o 1-2 (2007) : 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006507780385017.

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AbstractAn essential criterion of belonging to a community is the expressed willingness to play by its rules. "Europe" in the Early Modern period can be seen as a moral community of "Christian" and "civilized" states which abided by the principles of ius gentium. The core of this code was the limitation and regulation of warfare. Although moral and legal principles of bellum iustum were often overruled by considerations of interest, there was at least one thing common to all European wars: the states always took pains to prove publicly that they were waging a just war. This essay examines the significance of printed legitimations of war for the formation of European identity. It focuses on the case of Muscovy, which before the end of the seventeenth century had not been concerned with its image in Europe, and was thus left at the mercy of the propaganda of its western neighbors who were instrumental in constructing the image of Muscovites as Asiatic barbarians, more similar to the Turks than to Christians. Tsar Peter the Great, however, took a novel decision to launch a campaign of public legitimation of Muscovy's attack on Sweden in 1700. The legitimations of war published during Peter's reign can be seen as essential components of his quest for the acknowledgement of Russia as a fully-fledged member of the European moral, legal, and political community.

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Filyushkin, Alexander. « Conquest, Borders, Geopolitics ». Russian History 43, n^o 1 (23 mars 2016) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04301004.

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Livonian War (1558–83) was not a local Baltic war, but a European conflict. What was the place of Livonian War in the context of European wars of the 16th century? Europe in this era experienced colonial wars, wars of independence, religious wars, Turkish wars etc. The Livonian War bears the strongest resemblance to Italian wars of 1494–1559. Those were wars about tying microstates to new monarchies. In part, a similar process took place in Livonia. It was a microstate with an obsolete socio-political hierarchy unable to fight back (the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order). Several new European monarchies, including Sweden, Poland, Lithuania, Denmark, and Russia, sought to divide it. Russia’s participation in the conflict set it apart from the Italian Wars. Europe immediately and unconditionally recognized the right of the Jagiellon, Oldenburg, and Vasa dynasties (but not that of the Rurikide dynasty) to divide the Baltic. Livonian War was also a more complex multi-faceted phenomenon for new European monarchies (especially for Sweden and Denmark), than it was a war similar to Italian wars of the first half of the sixteenth century (that is, a war for the takeover of microstates by stronger and more modern kingdoms going through a phase of active development). The same can be said of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in that it went through this active phase during the Livonian War and formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Poland also positioned itself as a state whose higher mission was to act as a shield protecting the “Christendom” from “Eastern barbarians,” among whom Russians were numbered, portrayed in a similar fashion to Turks. For Russia, this war evolved from a local border conflict to a war for the annexation of the Baltic States, and finally, for Russians, the war became a holy war against a foreign foe.

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Conway, Stephen. « Bentham versus Pitt : Jeremy Bentham and British Foreign Policy 1789 ». Historical Journal 30, n^o 4 (décembre 1987) : 791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00022329.

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The successes and failures of British foreign policy from the end of the American war of independence until the outbreak of the conflict with revolutionary France will be familiar, at least in outline, to many students of late-eighteenth-century history. In 1783 Britain was widely regarded as having been reduced to the status of a second-rank power. British ministers, and especially Pitt the Younger and his first foreign secretary, the marquess of Carmarthen, sought a European alliance to end their country's isolation and vulnerability. The Anglo-French commercial treaty of 1786, the product of French rather than British pressure, was of little help in this respect, as it never developed beyond a limited trade agreement. Negotiations for similar reciprocal commercial concessions with other powers all proved fruitless. In 1787 and 1788, however, political and military arrangements were concluded with the Dutch and the Prussians after Prussian troops – with British encouragement and support – had intervened in the United Provinces to secure the position of the house of Orange and to crush the pro-French ‘Patriot’ party. Fortified by this new British – Prussian – Dutch connexion, or Triple Alliance as it was called, Pitt's government was able to exert considerable influence in Europe and farther afield. In 1788, when the Swedes attacked Russia, which was already at war with the Turks, Denmark, in accordance with its treaty obligations to Russia, invaded Sweden. The British and Prussians threatened the Danes and forced them to withdraw. A few months later, in April 1789, renewed Anglo-Prussian pressure compelled Denmark to maintain a strict neutrality in the continuing Russo-Swedish conflict. In 1790 the British were just as successful in a confrontation with Spain over the Nootka Sound in North America. Only when the government backed down during the dispute with Russia over possession of the Turkish fortress of Ochakov on the Black Sea coast, were the limits of British power fully exposed.

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Szymanowicz, Adam. « Cossacks in the service of the Third Reich ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 195, n^o 1 (17 mars 2020) : 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0263.

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The origins of Cossacs probably date back to the 15th and 16th centuries. Cossacks appeared both in the south-eastern areas under the authority of the Commonwealth and in the south-west of Moscow. They played a significant role in the history of our country, fighting together with the Crown and Lithuanian armies in the wars against the Tatars, Turks, Moscow and Sweden. However, they also caused uprisings which seriously weakened the Commonwealth. In the 16th century, Cossack troops in the service of the rulers of Moscow were formed, used for conquests made by this country. Cossacks also suppressed uprisings and rebellions against tsarist authorities. During the civil war in Russia, a significant part of them sympathized with the Whites. After the Bolshevik occupation of the Cossack territories, there was repression compared by Lenin to the Vendée genocide during the French Revolution. Persecution also took place there during the collectivization and the Great Terror. Many Cossacks emigrated. Some of them in Germany, where they later began cooperation with the Nazis, especially after the Third Reich’s aggression against the USSR. After occupying the Cossack territories, the German authorities created local Cossack self-government structures. The first Cossack formations fighting on the Wehrmacht side also began to appear. During the war, tens of thousands of Cossacks who fought in German uniforms in the USSR, occupied Poland, Yugoslavia and northern Italy. They were used primarily to conduct anti-partisan activities. At the end of the war, the Cossacks tried to avoid Soviet captivity and surrender to the Western Allies’ troops. However, as a result of the British-Soviet agreement, they were handed over to the Soviet authorities, which condemned them to a tragic fate.

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Österdahl, Inger. « Between 250 years of free information and 20 years of EU and Internet ». Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 10, n^o 1 (9 mai 2016) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v10i1.1950.

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The right of access to documents is constitutionally based in Sweden and has a long history. The right of access is considered crucial to Swedish democracy. On entering the EU in 1995, Sweden declared that public access to official records forms part of Sweden’s constitutional, political and cultural heritage. The members of the EU for their part declared that they took it for granted that Sweden would fully comply with Community, now Union, law with respect to openness and transparency. Sweden continues to push for transparency when EU legislation potentially containing secrecy clauses is negotiated in the EU. It turns out, however, that the EU membership does pose challenges to the strong Swedish right of access to documents. The protection of personal data is controversial in Sweden to the extent that the stricter EU legislation clashes with the traditionally weak protection of privacy in Swedish law; the right of access to information has largely overridden the right to privacy. Large amounts of publicly available personal data, amassed in data bases by private actors, for commercial reasons but under the protection of the Swedish constitution, is causing problems especially since the Swedish constitutional law is considered, by Sweden, to precede EU legislation in the field. Sweden will somehow have to solve the dilemmas caused by the differing traditions of transparency between itself and other members of the EU and of other international organizations. Many answers – perhaps converging - will be provided in 2016 by Swedish official inquiries and the EU Regulation.Article first published online: 22 MARCH 2016

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Imamoglu, E. Olcay, Rikard Küller, Vacit Imamoglu et Marianne Küller. « The Social Psychological Worlds of Swedes and Turks in and Around Retirement ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 24, n^o 1 (mars 1993) : 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022193241002.

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Łaszkiewicz, Monika. « Co za jedni ci Szwedziska ? – stereotypowe widzenie Szweda w polszczyźnie potocznej i w polskiej kulturze ludowej ». Adeptus, n^o 2 (15 décembre 2013) : 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.2013.009.

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Who are those Swedes? The stereotype vision of the Swedes in the Polish language and folk culture The aim of the article is a rationalization of the Swedes in the day to day Polish language and folk culture, including the historical and cultural background. The sources from which the material was taken are: dictionaries of the Polish language, dialect dictionaries and mixed folk genres, etc. From the collected material it can be concluded that the Swedes are seen, from one point of view, as Godless invaders from a cold, northern country that had devastated Poland. This way of describing the Swedes is comparable to the characterisation of other foreign invaders, such as Tatars and Turks.

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Sorgenfrei, Simon. « Establishing Islam in Sweden : The First Tatar Community and Muslim Congregation and Their Sources ». Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, n^o 2 (13 mai 2020) : 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.83006.

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This article focuses on the history and establishment of the first Muslim congregation and organisationin Sweden, Turk-Islam Föreningen i Sverige för Religion och Kultur (Turk-Islamic Associationfor Religion and Culture), which was founded in the late 1940s by a small group of immigrants andrefugees of Tatar and Turkish origin. The community has been the object of earlier research (seeSvanberg & Westerlund 1999; Ståhlberg & Svanberg 2016; Sorgenfrei 2018) but the following isa first attempt to describe the historical background of the Tatars in Sweden through systematicarchival work. The article thus aims at being also an orientation to the archival and private sourcesof the group and their organization and to point out some topics of interest for further research.

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Talve, Ilmar. « Eestlaste, liivlaste ja lätlaste 19. sajandi II poole saunadest / Sauna in Estonia, Livonia and Latvia ». Studia Vernacula 12 (5 novembre 2020) : 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2020.12.106-123.

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Here we present a translation of paragraphs concerning the saunas of the Estonians, Livonians and Latvians, as described in the Doctoral thesis “Bastu och torkhus i Nordeuropa” (“Saun ja kuivati Põhja-Euroopas”, 1960) written by the ethnographer and writer llmar Talve, who studied the culture and history of various nations. The Doctoral thesis summarises ethnographical sources describing saunas assembled mainly during the time of the Republic of Estonia (1918–1940), providing also a comprehensible overview for the Swedes. Ilmar Talve (17.01.1919–21.04.2007) studied ethnography, folklore and literature in Tartu University, graduating cum laude in 1942 after his Master’s studies with a research paper on burning tar and coal in Estonia. While studying he also worked in the Estonian National Museum from 1940 on. After the war he worked in the Stockholm Ethnography Institute and continued his studies at the University of Stockholm. After defending his Doctoral thesis in 1960, he applied for the position of the ethnography professor in University of Turku. He conducted thorough ethnographic research in Finland, Sweden and Estonia. In Sweden, Talve mainly worked with local ethnographical materials, integrating it with his interest in Estonian ethnography. It may be assumed that the central barnhouse theme in Estonian farm architecture encouraged Talve to study heated ancillary buildings in rural areas in Sweden and neighbouring countries more thoroughly. In 1960, a thorough research paper containing two parts was completed, of which one part (his Doctoral thesis of 1960) focused on the saunas and driers of Northern Europe, while the other part focused on threshing barns in North-East Europe (“Den nordost-europeiska rian: en etnologisk undersökning”, published in 1961). In both parts, references to Estonian vernacular architecture can be found. In his Doctoral thesis, Talve explained that he focused on ethnographic auxiliary buildings of Sweden and other northern countries (primarily in Norway and Finland) used for drying and washing like bastu (‘drier’ or also a ‘washing house’) and kölna (‘grain drier’). He wanted to study their historical development, their various types, layout solutions, constructions, heating appliances, functions and other ethnological data. Buildings constructed during the period of 1850–1900 were the ones observed. He used comparative examples of architectural heritage in several other European and nearby areas in order to make conclusions about different aspects of the construction and the usage history of saunas and driers. The main source for the ethnographical study is material collected from country people during the first decades of the 20th century. The author used archive materials from Norway and Finland (data from fieldwork, questionnaire sheets) and his own field work materials. For other regions, he used the existing and available literature. In case of the Doctoral thesis concerning mainly Sweden, Finland and Norway, it is important for us to trace the difference between the words denoting the sauna. While the Finnish word sauna means a washing sauna familiar to us, then the Swedish bastu may historically mean a building for drying agricultural products as well as the washing sauna. The latter was rather rare in Sweden. To distinguish the function of washing one’s body in the auxiliary building, in his Doctoral thesis Talve used the term badbastu – washing sauna. The situation was similar with the threshing barns: for Swedes, rian denotes a threshing barn, not the multifunctional barnhouse as we know it. In Sweden village life was conducted differently. In addition to the name of the building, he also gathered information about its position in the farm yard, the material of its walls, saunas dug in the ground, anteroom or its absence, building a sauna together with auxiliary buildings, the shape and the covering material of the roof, the most widespread solutions of ceilings and floors, the method of letting smoke out, the location of the bathhouse platform and the pile of stones on top of the stove, the location of the hearth opening, and the details of piling the stones. An overview of sauna usage then follows: when was the sauna used (by days of the week and according to holidays), family traditions: did men and women go to sauna separately or all together, the sauna as a place for ritual washing, healing and giving birth. Smoking meat, using the sauna as a dwelling and a shed for animals, one sauna used by several families and a place where young people came together (kildsann, istjad). An overview is given of the information in earlier written sources, comprising very interesting information about older saunas located in towns. The same plan is followed in the overview of Livonian and Latvian saunas, depending naturally on the reference sources available to the author at that time. If you are interested to know more of Ilmar Talve’s work dedicated to the Estonian sauna, you may read his book “Virolainen sauna” (“Estonian sauna”), which was published in 1960 – the same year as his Doctoral thesis – in the University of Turku.

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Talve, Ilmar. « Eestlaste, liivlaste ja lätlaste 19. sajandi II poole saunadest / Sauna in Estonia, Livonia and Latvia ». Studia Vernacula 12 (5 novembre 2020) : 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sv.2020.12.106-123.

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Here we present a translation of paragraphs concerning the saunas of the Estonians, Livonians and Latvians, as described in the Doctoral thesis “Bastu och torkhus i Nordeuropa” (“Saun ja kuivati Põhja-Euroopas”, 1960) written by the ethnographer and writer llmar Talve, who studied the culture and history of various nations. The Doctoral thesis summarises ethnographical sources describing saunas assembled mainly during the time of the Republic of Estonia (1918–1940), providing also a comprehensible overview for the Swedes. Ilmar Talve (17.01.1919–21.04.2007) studied ethnography, folklore and literature in Tartu University, graduating cum laude in 1942 after his Master’s studies with a research paper on burning tar and coal in Estonia. While studying he also worked in the Estonian National Museum from 1940 on. After the war he worked in the Stockholm Ethnography Institute and continued his studies at the University of Stockholm. After defending his Doctoral thesis in 1960, he applied for the position of the ethnography professor in University of Turku. He conducted thorough ethnographic research in Finland, Sweden and Estonia. In Sweden, Talve mainly worked with local ethnographical materials, integrating it with his interest in Estonian ethnography. It may be assumed that the central barnhouse theme in Estonian farm architecture encouraged Talve to study heated ancillary buildings in rural areas in Sweden and neighbouring countries more thoroughly. In 1960, a thorough research paper containing two parts was completed, of which one part (his Doctoral thesis of 1960) focused on the saunas and driers of Northern Europe, while the other part focused on threshing barns in North-East Europe (“Den nordost-europeiska rian: en etnologisk undersökning”, published in 1961). In both parts, references to Estonian vernacular architecture can be found. In his Doctoral thesis, Talve explained that he focused on ethnographic auxiliary buildings of Sweden and other northern countries (primarily in Norway and Finland) used for drying and washing like bastu (‘drier’ or also a ‘washing house’) and kölna (‘grain drier’). He wanted to study their historical development, their various types, layout solutions, constructions, heating appliances, functions and other ethnological data. Buildings constructed during the period of 1850–1900 were the ones observed. He used comparative examples of architectural heritage in several other European and nearby areas in order to make conclusions about different aspects of the construction and the usage history of saunas and driers. The main source for the ethnographical study is material collected from country people during the first decades of the 20th century. The author used archive materials from Norway and Finland (data from fieldwork, questionnaire sheets) and his own field work materials. For other regions, he used the existing and available literature. In case of the Doctoral thesis concerning mainly Sweden, Finland and Norway, it is important for us to trace the difference between the words denoting the sauna. While the Finnish word sauna means a washing sauna familiar to us, then the Swedish bastu may historically mean a building for drying agricultural products as well as the washing sauna. The latter was rather rare in Sweden. To distinguish the function of washing one’s body in the auxiliary building, in his Doctoral thesis Talve used the term badbastu – washing sauna. The situation was similar with the threshing barns: for Swedes, rian denotes a threshing barn, not the multifunctional barnhouse as we know it. In Sweden village life was conducted differently. In addition to the name of the building, he also gathered information about its position in the farm yard, the material of its walls, saunas dug in the ground, anteroom or its absence, building a sauna together with auxiliary buildings, the shape and the covering material of the roof, the most widespread solutions of ceilings and floors, the method of letting smoke out, the location of the bathhouse platform and the pile of stones on top of the stove, the location of the hearth opening, and the details of piling the stones. An overview of sauna usage then follows: when was the sauna used (by days of the week and according to holidays), family traditions: did men and women go to sauna separately or all together, the sauna as a place for ritual washing, healing and giving birth. Smoking meat, using the sauna as a dwelling and a shed for animals, one sauna used by several families and a place where young people came together (kildsann, istjad). An overview is given of the information in earlier written sources, comprising very interesting information about older saunas located in towns. The same plan is followed in the overview of Livonian and Latvian saunas, depending naturally on the reference sources available to the author at that time. If you are interested to know more of Ilmar Talve’s work dedicated to the Estonian sauna, you may read his book “Virolainen sauna” (“Estonian sauna”), which was published in 1960 – the same year as his Doctoral thesis – in the University of Turku.

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Halkier, Henrik, Laura James et Egil Petter Stræte. « Quality turns in Nordic food : a comparative analysis of specialty food in Denmark, Norway and Sweden ». European Planning Studies 25, n^o 7 (14 décembre 2016) : 1111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1261805.

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Landelius, Tomas, Magnus Lindskog, Heiner Körnich et Sandra Andersson. « Short-range solar radiation forecasts over Sweden ». Advances in Science and Research 15 (27 avril 2018) : 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-15-39-2018.

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Abstract. In this article the performance for short-range solar radiation forecasts by the global deterministic and ensemble models from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is compared with an ensemble of the regional mesoscale model HARMONIE-AROME used by the national meteorological services in Sweden, Norway and Finland. Note however that only the control members and the ensemble means are included in the comparison. The models resolution differs considerably with 18 km for the ECMWF ensemble, 9 km for the ECMWF deterministic model, and 2.5 km for the HARMONIE-AROME ensemble. The models share the same radiation code. It turns out that they all underestimate systematically the Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) for clear-sky conditions. Except for this shortcoming, the HARMONIE-AROME ensemble model shows the best agreement with the distribution of observed Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and DNI values. During mid-day the HARMONIE-AROME ensemble mean performs best. The control member of the HARMONIE-AROME ensemble also scores better than the global deterministic ECMWF model. This is an interesting result since mesoscale models have so far not shown good results when compared to the ECMWF models. Three days with clear, mixed and cloudy skies are used to illustrate the possible added value of a probabilistic forecast. It is shown that in these cases the mesoscale ensemble could provide decision support to a grid operator in terms of forecasts of both the amount of solar power and its probabilities.

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Rydén, Jesper. « A note on analysis of extreme minimum temperatures with the GAMLSS framework ». Acta Geophysica 67, n^o 6 (18 septembre 2019) : 1599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11600-019-00363-6.

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Abstract Estimation of return levels, based on extreme value distributions, is of importance in the earth and environmental sciences. To incorporate non-stationarity in the modelling, the statistical framework of generalised additive models for location, scale and shape is an option, providing flexibility and with a wide range of distributions implemented. With a large set of selections possible, model choice is an issue. As a case study, we investigate annual minimum temperatures from measurements at a location in northern Sweden. For practical work, it turns out that care must be taken in examining the obtained distributions, not solely relying on information criteria. A simulation study illustrates the findings.

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Lane, Anna-Lena, Magdalena Boork et Patrik Thollander. « Barriers, Driving Forces and Non-Energy Benefits for Battery Storage in Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in Modern Agriculture ». Energies 12, n^o 18 (18 septembre 2019) : 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183568.

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Battery storage has been highlighted as one way to increase the share of renewables in energy systems. The use of local battery storage is also beneficial when reducing power variations in the grid, thereby contributing to more robust and cost-effective energy systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate barriers, drivers and non-energy benefits (NEB) for investments in battery storage in photovoltaic systems (PV) in the context of farmers with PV systems in Sweden. The study is based on a questionnaire about barriers, driving forces and NEB for investment in battery storage connected to PV. The questionnaire was sent to farmers in Sweden who already have photovoltaics installed and about 100 persons answered, a response rate of 59%. The major barriers found are related to the technical and economic risks of investing in battery storage. One of the main conclusions is that the highest-ranked driver, i.e., to use a larger part of the produced electricity oneself, turns out to be the highest priority for the grid-owner seeking to reduce the need for extensive investments in the grid. The primary NEBs found were the possibility of becoming independent from grid electricity.

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Abrosimova, Ekaterina A., et Ellina V. Vlasenko. « Inheritance of social media accounts in Germany and Sweden ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 13, n^o 2 (2022) : 452–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.210.

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The question how the legal framework may cover Internet relations is not new and has been discussed at least since the end of the 20th century. But over the past decade and a half, the electronic environment has been developing, while classification and regulation of new institutions raise some complexities. One of them is social media accounts. Their legal status as objects of rights is unclear since such accounts are a set of rights and relationships laying at the intersection of different institutions and law branches such as contractual relationships, copyright for posts and photos, personal correspondence, and privacy. At the same time, commercialization of social media accounts is gaining momentum, which turns them into an “electronic enterprise”. The purpose of this research is to identify order of inheritance of accounts in Sweden and Germany. These legal systems are close to the Russian one, the results obtained may be used to improve Russian legislation. Moreover, the authors know the relevant foreign languages, which allows them to analyze the legislation in detail. The object of analysis is the relationships that arise in connection with the need to determine the legal fate of a user’s account after his death. The scope of inheritance relations is chosen because this issue has become increasingly common in law enforcement practice. Besides, the Federal Supreme court of Germany recently issued a controversial decision which might affect German law, other European legal systems, or the relevant elements of the content of user agreements. The authors use the comparative method, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction. The authors’ conclusion is the issue is unsettled. The solution proposed by the German Federal Supreme court is imperfect. In the article there are also some comments on improving Russian regulation, taking into account the experience of the legal systems studied.

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Gschwind, Lutz. « When free choice turns into a pitfall : conditional social protection for immigrants in voluntary unemployment insurance systems ». Journal of European Social Policy 31, n^o 1 (19 janvier 2021) : 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928720973912.

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Unemployment insurance systems are designed to provide income security for those who drop out of work temporarily. This form of social protection is particularly relevant for foreign-born workers who are, on average, more likely to become unemployed during layoffs. The article explores how the social protection of immigrants differs in cases where payments are tied to voluntary rather than mandatory contributions. This is done by focusing on a recent welfare reform in Sweden which led to both a sharp increase in costs and a decline in benefit generosity overnight. It is argued that migrants lost their social protection at a disproportionate rate over the course of the reform. Both their status on the labour market and position as newcomers to the norms and rules of society are expected to impede on their decision to obtain or prolong insurance membership, leading to a decline in eligibility to income security. Difference-in-difference estimates with administrative data from all unemployment insurance funds show that the share of benefit recipients with earnings-related payments decreased at a higher rate among the foreign-born as expected, especially if they had arrived in the country only recently.

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Safron, Elena, et Alena Merenova. « CATEGORY «OWN &ndash ; ALIEN» ; IN THE SWEDISH FOLKLORE ABOUT THE SAMI NOAIDIS ». Studia Humanitatis 14, n^o 1 (avril 2020) : 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2020.3523.

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The article is devoted to the search and analysis of the category «our – alien» in Swedish folklore about Sami noaidis a specific category of people with supernatural powers. We have selected Swedish folklore texts, recorded in the second half of the twentieth century, which had never before been translated into Russian. The idiographic, cultural-historical and thematic generalization method are used. It turns out that noaidis were partly «aliens» to the members of their tribe: the Saami believed that noaidis possessed two souls, one of which could be sent to the world of spirits. We establish that the noaidis, as the informal leaders of their tribe, seemed to the Swedes, claiming to have Sami territories, the greatest threat. The Swedes could not classify the Sami sorcerers as «their own» because of their rejection of their claim to possessing abilities that were contrary to the Christian worldview, but easily overcame their prejudice when they were forced to turn to the medicaster skills of the noaidis. Despite the high level of tension, the noaidis allowed the Swedes to be present during their autochthonous sacred rites and rather willingly made contact with people oriented assimilative politics towards them.

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Korpiola, Mia. « Marrying Off Sons and Daughters : Attitudes towards the Consent of Parents and Guardians in Early Modern Sweden ». Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 44 (14 octobre 2005) : 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v44i3.133001.

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Curate Samuel Josephi Lithovius of Limingå (Liminka) in Ostrobothnia was one of the six representatives of the clergy of the diocese of Åbo (Turku) at the diet of Stockholm in 1647. At the diet, however, he was accused by his fellow clergymen of having performed an irregular solemnization (på oordentligit wijs - - hadhe sammanwigdt) at the manor of Åhrsta outside the city of Stockholm. By doing this, he had usurped the authority of another priest and ‘confirmed the madness (galenskap) and disorder with which the parties had commenced their marriage’ for a sum of money. By his actions, he had compromised the whole estate (uppålagdt heela ministerio - - een elack notam).

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DeLong, Robert. « The Flight of the Danish Jews in 1943 – “Rescue” or “Escape” ? » Scandinavian-Canadian Studies 23 (1 décembre 2016) : 50–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/scancan119.

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ABSTRACT: For 70 years the flight of the Danish Jews to Sweden in 1943 has most commonly been referred to as “the rescue of the Danish Jews,” while similar events from that time have been referred to as “escapes.” This terminology comes at the expense of a historically accurate portrayal of the decisions and actions of the Danish Jews during September/October 1943. “Rescue” and “escape” have different connotations, and those differences have consequences when applied to historical events. This article examines the use of these two terms in historical narratives, the forces behind them, and their impacts. Where this article turns to the discussion of popular and scholarly literature, the author has examined both texts and their book covers.

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Mellander, Maria, et Hans Mouritzen. « Learning to assert themselves : Small states in asymmetrical dyads – two Scandinavian dogs barking at the Russian bear ». Cooperation and Conflict 51, n^o 4 (8 juillet 2016) : 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836716652427.

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By measuring foreign policy assertion, we document that Danish and Swedish Russia policies have fluctuated widely in the 21st century, as well as in relation to each other. Specifically, big assertion leaps took place in 2002 (Denmark) and 2008 (Sweden). Having conceptualised and operationalised small state assertion, we proceed to the explanation of these leaps. The same factor turns out to be the efficient explanation in both cases: an individual policy-maker’s so-called ‘lesson of the past’ – what he believes ‘history teaches us’. It is shown how existing theory of lessons of the past can contribute to the understanding of small state assertion in asymmetrical dyads, but only if the proper permissive circumstances are identified. First and foremost these amount to the presence of a reasonable foreign policy action space.

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Lantto, Patrik. « The establishment of a scientific field : The history of reindeer husbandry research in Sweden 1900-1970 ». Rangifer 31, n^o 1 (1 avril 2011) : 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.31.1.2031.

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The focus of this article is the development of reindeer husbandry research as a scientific field within thenatural sciences, 1900-1970. Up until after World War II, research within this field was mostly carried out by socialscientists, while it was given very limited attention within the natural sciences. From the late 1940s this changed, as interest in reindeer husbandry research grew and more academic disciplines became involved, and during the following decades the field became established. The article examines research initiatives focused on reindeer husbandry within the natural sciences during the first half of the 20th century, discussing the motives for these studies as well as why they did not lead to the establishment of a scientific field. It then turns to the development after World War II, analyzing why reindeer husbandry research was established so quickly, and how the field developed up until 1970, both nationally within Sweden and as a Nordic cooperation.

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Große, Juliane, Christian Fertner et Niels Boje Groth. « Urban Structure, Energy and Planning : Findings from Three Cities in Sweden, Finland and Estonia ». Urban Planning 1, n^o 1 (4 mars 2016) : 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i1.506.

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Transforming energy use in cities to address the threats of climate change and resource scarcity is a major challenge in urban development. This study takes stock of the state of energy in urban policy and planning and reveals potentials of and constraints to energy-efficient urban development. The relationship between energy and urban structure provides a framework for discussing the role of urban planning to increase energy efficiency in cities by means of three in-depth case studies of medium-sized cities in Northern Europe: Eskilstuna in Sweden, Turku in Finland and Tartu in Estonia. In some ways these cities go ahead when it comes to their national climate and energy policies and aim to establish urban planning as an instrument to regulate and influence the city’s transition in a sustainable way. At the same time, the cities are constantly facing goal conflicts and limitations to their scope of action, which creates dilemmas in their strategic orientation and planning activities (e.g. regional enlargement and increased commuting vs. compact urban development). Finally, considering urban form and spatial structure along with the policy context as well as regional drivers and functional relations is suggested as a suitable approach for addressing the challenges of energy-efficient urban development.

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Stén, Johan C. E. « The Petersburg Academy of Sciences as Seen by the Finnish Mathematician Anders Johan Lexell ». Transcultural Studies 14, n^o 2 (12 décembre 2018) : 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01402008.

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The life of the Finnish mathematician Anders Johan Lexell (1740–1784) offers an interesting example of internationalisation of the sciences in the 18th century. Born and educated in Åbo (Turku), Finland, then a part of Sweden, he became a lecturer at the local university, visited Uppsala briefly, but due to lack of prospects for an academic career, he decided to move to nearby St. Petersburg, Russia, to make use of his talents at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. There, starting in 1768, he became a close associate of the leading mathematician of the era, Leonhard Euler. Moreover, he corresponded assiduously with Swedish scientists, including Carl Linnaeus, in all areas of science. We show in this article that his correspondence provides plenty of information about the Republic of Letters and, in particular, the Russo-Swedish scientific relations of the day.

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Schroeder, Ralph. « The Dangerous Myth of Populism as a Thin Ideology ». Populism 3, n^o 1 (14 février 2020) : 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02021042.

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Abstract The idea that populism is a ‘thin ideology’—unlike other full-bodied ‘thick’ ideologies like conservatism or socialism—has come close to being an orthodoxy among populism scholars. This paper challenges that view and argues that it is at best an open question whether populism meets the criteria of a thick ideology, which should be whether it offers a comprehensive program of political change and whether it has staying power. This argument will be made by reference to three countries, the United States, Sweden and India, all of which have recently seen a populist turn. The paper first summarizes debates about populism, ideology and social change. Then it provides a brief account of populism in the three country cases and argues that their populist turns may be a coherent and lasting new departure. The paper concludes with reflections about the broader ramifications of populism as ‘thick’ versus ‘thin’.

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Karttunen, Klaus. « Linguarum profession in the Academia Gustaviana in Tartu (Dorpat) and the Academia Gustavo-Carolina in Pärnu (Pernau) ». Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 16, n^o 1-2 (1 septembre 1995) : 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69521.

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Of the five universities of Sweden in the 17th and 18th centuries, the history of Oriental studies has been often dealt with in the cases of Uppsala, Turku and Lund. While the University of Greifswald, though politically under Swedish rule (1648–1815), belongs more to the history of learning in Germany, it is my task here to give a short survey of the Oriental chair in Dorpat (now Tartu) and of studies connected with it. The University of Tartu (Dorpat) was founded in 1632 by Gustaf II Adold, and hence it was called the Academia Gustaviana. Its location near the frontier of ascendant Russia posed constant difficulties for the new university. After little more than twenty years it had to move to Tallinn (Reval) and soon afterwards to close its doors altogether (in 1665). In 1690 it was reopened, now as the Academia Gustavo-Carolina, but soon (in 1699) had to move to Pärnu on the west coast and after ten years once again, and this time permanently, closed its doors due to a new war.

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Sharapenkova, Natalia, et Marina BAKHLAEVA. « MYTHOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF SCANDINAVIAN LEXEMES IN O. SCOTT’S FANTASY NOVEL TWILIGHT OF THE GODS ». Studia Humanitatis 23, n^o 2 (juillet 2022) : 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2022.3823.

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The current fantasy genre is inspired by the folklore and mythological tradition whose heritage is investigated in the article using the example of Scandinavian lexemes. The subject for research is a fantasy novel Twilight of the Gods by O. Scott. It describes the events taking place in Sweden at the beginning of the 13th century, when the crusade of Conrad the White was going to eradicate paganism. A large number of Scandinavian lexemes are used in the novel: they are given in italics with all the diacritical marks and special letters that were traditionally found in the Old Norse language: ð, á, ú, é, æ, ó. In total, there are 30 different lexemes in the novel, but the article turns to the most frequent ones. Based on the results of the work, it is concluded that the use of traditional words not only diversified the text of the novel Twilight of the Gods adding some folklore colors to it, but also showed the beauty of the northern European languages.

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L., J. F. « HEALTH CARE CONTRAPTION ». Pediatrics 93, n^o 3 (1 mars 1994) : 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.3.363.

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You could almost hear the jaws dropping when Ira Magaziner, the White House's guru at guruing, said over the weekend, "The government is going to set standards, guarantee high-quality, affordable care, and then get out of the way." As any of the health care reformers who used to gather at Jackson Hole could tell you, a lot of what's already wrong with the medical economy arises from Washington's habit of creating entitlements while trying to conceal from taxpayers how much they really cost... The whole Clinton health care scheme advances behind a phalanx of euphemism aimed at muddying up what's really going on here. It would spawn huge new bureaucracies, but these will travel under the alias "purchasing alliance." Price controls are subsumed under the MBAish-sounding "global budgets," and the taxes that would finance the thing are called "premiums"... It's odd to see people who are so obviously far behind the rest of the world's learning curve. In Sweden, Germany and most other serious places they're pulling U-turns and beginning to dismantle their expensive welfare bureaucracies...

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Arponen, Aki Voitto, Heli Maijanen et Visa Immonen. « From Bones to Sacred Artefact ». Temenos - Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion 54, n^o 2 (19 décembre 2018) : 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33356/temenos.66687.

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The cult of saints and the subsequent interest in relics constituted one of the essential characteristics of medieval Western Christianity. In particular, relics and reliquaries are prime examples of the importance of materiality in devotion. In the present article we analyse one of the medieval skull relics of Turku Cathedral and its material characteristics in detail. Previous examinations undertaken in the 1920s and 1940s produced two theories of its origins and identification. By analysing the bone material and the narrative depiction of martyrdom embroidered on the silk wrapping, State Archaeologist Juhani Rinne connected the relic to St Henry, the patron saint of Finland and the cathedral, while State Archaeologist Carl Axel Nordman identified it as belonging to St Eric, the patron saint of the Kingdom of Sweden. By re-examining the central element of the skull relic, the bones, with osteological analysis and radiocarbon dating, we show both theories to be highly problematic. Our analysis reveals the complex material features of the skull relic and the medieval cult of relics.

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Jann, Werner. « Bågenholm, Andreas, Bauhr, Monika, Grimes, Marcia, & ; Rothstein, Bo (2021) (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government. Oxford : University Press. 847 Seiten. ISBN : 9780198858218. » dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 15, n^o 1-2022 (20 juin 2022) : 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v15i1.13.

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The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government delivers an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the foundations and findings from the Quality of Government (QoG) research agenda, mainly developed at the QoG Institute founded in 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Starting from a rather narrow concept of QoG, focusing on impartiality, the handbook argues forcefully that the quality of public institutions is crucial for all kinds of social, economic, and political outcomes, that higher levels of QoG are related to higher levels of human well-being and political legitimacy, and are therefore more important than, for example, levels of liberal democracy. This rather narrow perspective of the handbook turns out to be one of its strengths, since all contributions start from identical concepts, while discussing all kinds of theoretical, empirical, and critical objections. All contributions offer very helpful overviews and systematic summaries of existing literature and are therefore very well suited for reading lists in academic courses, both in political science, public administration, and public management, but also in other areas like development studies, and especially also for scholars who may be skeptical of this approach.

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Alm, Susanne. « Downward Social Mobility across Generations : The Role of Parental Mobility and Education ». Sociological Research Online 16, n^o 3 (août 2011) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2416.

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Intergenerational downward social mobility is an issue of growing relevance, but there are still very few studies examining possible risk factors for dropping down the occupational hierarchy. On the basis of unique longitudinal interview and register data from Sweden, this study analyses the roles played by parental upward mobility and parental levels of education in downward mobility. Elements from cultural capital theory (CCT) are investigated as possible mechanisms for explaining the relationship between independent and dependent factors. Whereas the study fails to find support for the role of parental mobility, the parents' level of education turns out to be a powerful predictor of downward mobility. And whereas the measure of cultural capital presents a weak or non-existent relationship with the dependent variable, two attitudinal variables, employed as indicators of habitus and a possible don Quixote effect, do present a significant relationship with the risk for downward mobility. However, while the study hypothesized these attitudes to be mediating mechanisms that might explain the relationship between parental educational level and downward mobility, in the multivariate analyses the attitudinal measures instead turn out to have an independent effect in addition to the parental level of education.

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Furåker, Bengt, et Tomas Berglund. « Flexicurity Institutions and Labour Market Mobility ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 27, Issue 2 (1 juin 2011) : 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2011009.

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Advocates of flexicurity claim that flexibility and security in the labour market can be achieved by a combination of certain institutions: liberal Employment Protection Legislation (EPL), generous income protection, extensive Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs), and good opportunities for Lifelong Learning (LLL). Such a mix of measures is assumed to lead to an efficiently functioning labour market, implying a win-win situation for both employers and employees. This article examines the relationship between flexicurity institutions and some forms of labour market mobility between employment and unemployment and between employment and inactivity in four Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, in the period 2000-2006. With the most liberal EPL and generous measures for people without jobs, Denmark is closest to the flexicurity ideal. Controlling for various other factors, it turns out that the Danish labour market generally - but not in every respect - has the highest levels of mobility. Perhaps the most interesting exception is that the highly significant transition rate from unemployment to employment is higher in Norway. The explanatory value of flexicurity is, thus, limited and the assumptions regarding the effects of mutually reinforcing flexicurity institutions are called into question.

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Majantie, Kirsi. « Expressions of authority or signs of loyalty ? Stove tiles bearing the royal coat of arms of Sweden from the 17th-century town of Turku (Åbo) in Finland ». Post-Medieval Archaeology 50, n^o 2 (3 mai 2016) : 350–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2016.1236233.

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Vaduva, Gabriela. « Behavioral Responses of Tabanidae and Stomoxys calcitrans to Unbaited and Baited Nzi and Horse Pal Traps in Southern Sweden ». Journal of Biology and Life Science 11, n^o 2 (9 octobre 2020) : 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17806.

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The distribution and species diversity of tabanids and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758, in the research area, Hästhult (wood pasture) in Sweden, as well as the behavioral responses of biting flies to visual and olfactory cues were highlighted by this study. Beyond the control of tabanids and stable flies through the Nzi and Horse Pal traps that act as a surrogate host, this study sought to demonstrate the attractiveness of biting flies to these traps by comparing the results of the two periods in which the traps were unbaited and baited. The odor attractants, such as urine (a mixture of more than phenol) and acetone used to increase trap yields, made the difference to the Horse Pal and Nzi traps for S. calcitrans (L) because the number of flies caught was significantly higher. Through this study, Nzi trap with bait and Horse Pal trap with and without bait were tested for the first time as regards the tabanids and S. calcitrans (L) in Scandinavia. Surprisingly, the number of tabanids caught in the Nzi trap was equal in both situations with or without bait. The result underlined the idea that the Nzi trap manages to catch a large number of tabanids even in the absence of attractants. It turns out that the Horse Pal trap was just as effective with and without bait in capturing tabanids. Furthermore, the number of tabanids caught in both traps depended on the type of weather, and the number of stable flies depended on the weather and also the type of trap. The results of this study showed that both the visual and olfactory aspects of the Nzi and Horse Pal traps are always essential, being used successfully in the control of biting flies and optimized for various research purposes.

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Paulissen, P. C. J. M. (Jarell). « The Devil’s Music : Satanism and Christian Rhetoric in the Lyrics of the Swedish Heavy Metal Band Ghost ». Religions 12, n^o 3 (21 mars 2021) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12030214.

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This paper is an inquiry into a contemporary heavy metal band from Sweden called Ghost. Ghost released its first studio album in 2010 and, while there is some discussion as to what their genre is exactly, they immediately became a rising star in the metal scene. Yet what is of particular interest from a storytelling point of view, especially with regard to theological answers to philosophical questions in popular culture, is that the band presents itself as a satanic version of the Catholic Church through their stage act and lyrics. This made me curious whether they are trying to convey a message and, if yes, what that message might be. For the present paper, I have focused on the latter by performing a non-exhaustive textual analysis of the lyrics in a selection of songs from each of the four studio albums released so far. Ghost turns Christian liturgy on its head by utilizing devout language that is normally reserved for God and Christ to describe Satan and the Antichrist, a strategy I have called the ”satanification” of Christian doctrine, and in doing so their songs evoke imagery of a satanic faith community at prayer. The band then uses this radical inversion of traditional Christian themes to criticize certain elements of society, especially those aspects they associate with organized religion.

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Kjærgaard, Thorkild. « Freden i Kiel, Grønland og Nordatlanten 1814-2014 ». Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (3 mars 2015) : 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118891.

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Thorkild Kjærgaard: The Peace in Kiel, Greenland, and the North Atlantic, 1814–2014 At the peace conference in Kiel (North Germany) in January 1814, the Danish-Norwegian North Atlantic Empire that controlled an enormous area of land and water, including not only Denmark (with Schleswig-Holstein) and Norway but also Iceland, the Faroe Islands and the huge, thinly populated ice-covered island of Greenland, was dissolved by the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars. Norway was given to Sweden as compensation for Finland, which Sweden — now in the victorious coalition — had lost to Russia in 1809. Rather surprisingly, the Kingdom of Denmark — now, without Norway, Europe’s smallest independent country — was entrusted with Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, although these three North Atlantic areas since early medieval times had been a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Without question, this was a major historical injustice. For Denmark, the outcome of the 1814 conference in Kiel was twofold: it was reduced to a very small country and it became — and still is — a polar nation, which it had not been before. The article discusses three aspects of this complex. Firstly: What happened in Kiel? Why were the three North Atlantic territories taken from Norway and given to Denmark? Was it, as it has been claimed by a majority of historians, the merit of sly Danish diplomats or was it — as the author believes — the will of the United Kingdom that was imposed on two small countries, Sweden and Denmark? Secondly, it is discussed how Denmark dealt with its new role as a polar nation. It turns out that Denmark initially was a rather hesitant, not to say, unwilling polar nation. Gradually, however, the extraordinary qualities of the North Atlantic islands, especially Greenland, were recognized. Since the end of the 19th century, Greenland has been a major subject of Danish art and literature, just as it has been a decisive dimension of Danish scientific research. The last section of the article deals with the significance of Greenland for Danish security and foreign policy. It is shown how the suffocating dependency on Great Britain after 1814 gradually was reduced thanks to a rapprochement to the new world power, the United States, which very early on showed interest in Greenland, which is, geographically, a part of the North American continent. The close alliance with the United States has saved Greenland for Denmark, just as it has been extremely helpful for Denmark in number of critical situations since 1814, but it also has its price. The price is that Denmark always follows US and never questions US actions. Relatively, Denmark, one of President Bush’s “willing nations,” has had more casualties on the American battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan than any other of the United States’ allied nations. The Danish soldiers who have been killed on Middle East or Central Asiatic battlefields since 2001 have died for Greenland.

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Ejsmont, Aneta. « Cooperation and Coopetition as a Tools Which Could Improve Leading Startups all over the World ». European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, n^o 2 (10 juin 2017) : 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i2.p228-237.

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Building own business is a long-term and laborious process. A person who leads a startup tries to start with building own business by taking first steps toward financial independence. Analyzing conditions in Poland, on average every second startup sells its services abroad, admittedly it is good news, although half of them do not export at all. Half of the startups which export their services and goods generates more than 50% of their revenues outside Poland. Very interesting is the fact that 60% of exporters have conducted their foreign sale since the moment of establishing their business. On which markets do they sell their services? It turns out that the most popular are markets in the European Union (54%), including the United Kingdom 14% and Germany 9%. Only about 25% of Polish startups exports their products and services to the United States. Taking the United States into consideration, in 2008 the USA lost their leading position in the number of startups which are newly created and achieving success in business. Currently in terms of the number of new startups the USA is on a quite distant place after Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, New Zealand, Israel or Italy. In short, more companies were closed than created, so it was, as a matter of fact, like in Poland. Therefore, the condition to improve the development of startups both from Poland and other countries all the world is to increase cooperation and coopetition.

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Dahl, Bettinal Lien, et Åsa Lindberg-Sand. « Conformity or confusion ? Changing higher education grading scales as a part of the Bologna Process : the cases of Denmark, Norway and Sweden ». Learning and Teaching 2, n^o 1 (1 mars 2009) : 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2009.020103.

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The aim of the Bologna Process is to make higher education systems across Europe more transparent. It is crucial for this purpose that confusion concerning the characteristics of the systems should be replaced by conformity. But, as we will show, conformity brought about at one level may create confusion at another. The curricular aspect of the Bologna Process focuses on a shift to outcome-based and student-centred programmes. Syllabi should now be based on intended learning outcomes (ILOs) and should be adjusted to general level descriptors for qualifications. However, the Bologna documents give no explicit recommendations about the use of grading scales. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the reforms of higher education induced by the Bologna process included a change of grading scales and referred to the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). Through these three case studies, we describe and analyse the political process and argumentation underpinning the decisions to change the grading scales in each country. This includes the problems, both experienced and perceived, with the old grading scales, the various national assessment traditions and the new grading scales. The purpose of the change was not the same in each country, but the ongoing adaptation to a seven-step grading scale was thought to ease the international recognition of the national grades, making mobility easier. Though a seven-step grading scale was implemented in both Danish and Norwegian higher education and also by an increasing number of Swedish higher education institutions, the translation of grades only works on a superficial level. The grading scales designed are fundamentally different as classification systems; they attach different numerical values to grades with identical labels and they relate differently to norm- and standards-referenced judgements of learning outcomes. The information condensed in similar grades from the three countries cannot be equated. The vision of simple transparency turns out to be an illusion.

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Ståhl, Tomas. « The amoral atheist ? A cross-national examination of cultural, motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, and their implications for morality ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 2 (24 février 2021) : e0246593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246593.

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There is a widespread cross-cultural stereotype suggesting that atheists are untrustworthy and lack a moral compass. Is there any truth to this notion? Building on theory about the cultural, (de)motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, the present research investigated whether there are reliable similarities as well as differences between believers and disbelievers in the moral values and principles they endorse. Four studies examined how religious disbelief (vs. belief) relates to endorsement of various moral values and principles in a predominately religious (vs. irreligious) country (the U.S. vs. Sweden). Two U.S. M-Turk studies (Studies 1A and 1B, N = 429) and two large cross-national studies (Studies 2–3, N = 4,193), consistently show that disbelievers (vs. believers) are less inclined to endorse moral values that serve group cohesion (the binding moral foundations). By contrast, only minor differences between believers and disbelievers were found in endorsement of other moral values (individualizing moral foundations, epistemic rationality). It is also demonstrated that presumed cultural and demotivational antecedents of disbelief (limited exposure to credibility-enhancing displays, low existential threat) are associated with disbelief. Furthermore, these factors are associated with weaker endorsement of the binding moral foundations in both countries (Study 2). Most of these findings were replicated in Study 3, and results also show that disbelievers (vs. believers) have a more consequentialist view of morality in both countries. A consequentialist view of morality was also associated with another presumed antecedent of disbelief—analytic cognitive style.

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Tarkiainen, Kari. « Riik räägib rahvale : soomekeelsed korraldused Rootsi ajal ». Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 8, n^o 1 (21 mars 2017) : 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2017.8.1.15.

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Kuningas ja lääniülemad avaldasid Rootsis 16. saj alates korraldusi, mida levitati kas rahvakoosolekutel või kirikukantslist ette lugedes. See tava kodifitseeriti 1686. a kirikuseadusega. Korralduste ettelugemine muutus jumalateenistuse osaks ja nende kuulamine oli kõigile kohustuslik. Kuna riigi idaosas Soomes ei osatud rootsi keelt, hakati korraldusi soome keelde tõlkima, mistõttu Rootsi võimuperioodi lõpuks moodustasid sellised tekstid umbes neljandiku kõikidest korraldustest. Selle süsteemi tugisammasteks muutusid Kantseleikolleegiumi juures tegutsenud soomendajad ja kuninglik trükikoda, kellel oli korralduste publitseerimise privileeg. Tekstidest olid kõige tähtsamad 3–4 korda aastas esitatud palvepäevaplakatid, mis sisaldasid aktuaalseid uudiseid kõnealuse kirikupüha jaoks Piibli tekstide valguses. Korraldusi trükiti 17. saj enamasti Turus, kuid 18. saj peamiselt Stockholmis.Korralduste tekstidel on varasemal ajal arvatud olevat suhteliselt vähene tähendus soome kirjakeele arengule, mis hakkas 19. saj kulgema purismi suunas, loobudes tollases kultuurkeeles tavalistest rootsipärasustest. Uuemad vana soome kirjakeele uurimused näitavad siiski, et kuulmise järgi omandatud ning tõlkijate loodud uudissõnu ja neologisme oli rahvakeelde kandunud üsnagi suurel määral ja sedakaudu siirdusid nad ka tänapäeva soome keelde. Nõudlus soomekeelsete tekstide järele riigi idaosas ei näita 16.–18. saj mitte soomlaste rahvustunnet, vaid selle aluseks oli hoopis vajadus tagada kõikide inimeste võrdsus seaduse ees. Korraldustel oligi suur ühiskondlik tähtsus laiade rahvakihtide õigustaju arenemise ja seadustetundmise lisandumise seisukohast.Abstract. Kari Tarkiainen: The state speaks to the people: Ordinances issued in Finnish during the era of Swedish rule. In Sweden, the king and governors issued ordinances since the 16th century that were disseminated by reading them out at public meetings or from the church pulpit. This custom was codified by the ecclesiastical law of 1686. The reading out of ordinances became a part of the church service and it was compulsory for everyone to listen to them. Since people in Finland, which was the eastern part of the nation, did not understand Swedish, the ordinances started being translated into Finnish, for which reason such texts accounted for about one fourth of all ordinances by the end of the period of Swedish rule. The persons working for the Chancellery Council who translated the texts into Finnish and the royal printing house, which possessed the privilege for printing the ordinances, became the mainstays of this system. The most important of the texts were the placards presented 3–4 times a year proclaiming days of prayer, which included topical news for the church holiday in the light of biblical texts. Ordinances were printed mostly in Turku during the 17th century, but mostly in Stockholm in the 18th century.In earlier times it was thought that the texts of these ordinances had relatively little meaning for the development of written Finnish, which started proceeding in the 19th century in the direction of purism, rejecting common Swedish idioms from the civilised language of that time. More recent studies of old written Finnish nevertheless indicate that new words and neologisms adopted by ear and created by translators had carried over into popular language to quite a great extent and were transferred from there into contemporary Finnish as well. The demand for texts in Finnish in the eastern part of the nation is not indicative of the national feeling of Finns in the 16th–18th centuries. Instead, the basis for this was the need to ensure the equality of all people before the law. The ordinances were indeed very important socially in developing perception of the law among the broad strata of the population and in adding knowledge of the laws.Keywords: Swedish legislation; translation; old written Finnish; neologisms; placards declaring days of prayer; the course of a church service; disciplining of the people

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Pauletto, Franco, et Isabelle Ahlström. « Pautas atípicas. Las conversaciones en los materiales auditivos para la enseñanza de español L2 publicados en Suecia ». EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 9, n^o 1 (10 avril 2022) : 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.15.1.264.

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ES Este estudio de caso utiliza el análisis de la conversación para examinar la interacción verbal en las conversaciones didácticas de tres manuales de español como lengua extranjera (de ahora en adelante ELE) empleados en la educación secundaria sueca. La observación de dichas conversaciones revela algunos patrones problemáticos en cuanto a la secuencialidad de las acciones, a la presencia sistemática de silencios entre turnos de palabra y, en general, a la falta de coordinación entre co-participantes. Otros fenómenos típicos de la interacción espontánea, como por ejemplo los solapamientos entre turnos de palabra, las reparaciones o las co-construcciones faltan por completo en los materiales analizados. En la perspectiva de una enseñanza de idiomas comunicativa y orientada a la acción, el artículo sostiene que en la preparación de este tipo de soportes didácticos habría que tener más en cuenta la estrecha relación existente entre lengua hablada y acción social. Palabras clave: ANÁLISIS DE LA CONVERSACIÓN, COMPRENSIÓN AUDITIVA, ELE, ENSEÑANZA DE ELE, SUECIA, INTERACCIÓN, SECUENCIALIDAD, ACCIÓN SOCIAL EN This case study adopts the theory and method of conversation analysis to examine recorded dialogues in three textbooks for Spanish as a Foreign Language used in Swedish secondary education. The analyses of these conversations reveal some problematic patterns regarding the sequence of actions, the systematic presence of gaps between turns at talk, and a frequent lack of coordination between co-participants. Other phenomena that are typical of spontaneous interactions, such as overlaps between turns, repair sequences or co-constructions, are completely missing in the analyzed materials. From the perspective of communicative and action-oriented language teaching, the article maintains that in the preparation of this type of pedagogical supports, the authors should consider the close relationship between spoken language and social action. Key words: CONVERSATION ANALYSIS, LISTENING COMPREHENSION, SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE, SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING, SWEDEN, INTERACTION, SEQUENTIALITY, SOCIAL ACTION IT Questo studio di caso si avvale dell’analisi della conversazione per esaminare le interazioni verbali nelle conversazioni didattiche di tre manuali di spagnolo come lingua straniera adottati presso le scuole secondarie svedesi. L’osservazione di queste conversazioni rivela alcune costanti problematiche relativamente alla sequenzialità delle azioni, alla presenza sistematica di silenzi tra i turni di parola e, in generale, alla mancanza di coordinamento tra i co-partecipanti. Inoltre, altri fenomeni tipici dell’interazione spontanea, come, per esempio, le sovrapposizioni dei turni, le riparazioni e le co-costruzioni mancano del tutto nei materiali analizzati. Nell’ottica di una glottodidattica comunicativa e orientata all’azione, questo studio sostiene che la stretta relazione esistente tra lingua orale e azione sociale dovrebbe essere tenuta in maggiore considerazione nella preparazione di questo tipo di materiali didattici. Parole chiave: ANALISI DELLA CONVERSAZIONE, COMPRENSIONE ORALE, SPAGNOLO COME LINGUA STRANIERA, INSEGNAMENTO DI SPAGNOLO COME LINGUA STRANIERA, SVEZIA, INTERAZIONE, SEQUENZIALITÀ, AZIONE SOCIALE

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Gis, Maciej, Piotr Wiśniowski et Mateusz Bednarski. « Efficiency of electric vehicle interior heating systems at low ambient temperatures ». Open Engineering 11, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0052.

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Abstract The electric car market is becoming more and more extensive. According to ACEA, in 2019, 549,387 full electric passenger vehicles, hybrid plug-ins and hydrogen vehicles were registered in the European Union. Thus, it is an increase of 52.9 percent compared to 2018. Germany is the leader with 108 839 registrations of vehicles (+60.9% y/y). Great Britain achieved an increase of 21.5 percent y/y and the number of registrations at 72 834 pieces. The Netherlands came next (66 957 pcs, + 146.3% y/y), France (61 356 pcs, +34.6% y/y) and Sweden (40 406 pcs, + 39.4% y/y). Registration results in Europe shows that the popularity of electric vehicles is increasing. Along with the development of this type of vehicles, the technology used in their construction also changes. The biggest calls at the moment are batteries for these vehicles, as well as their ranges on a single charge. There are already vehicles with ranges of 500 km or even 600 km. However, it turns out that these are not the only problems with electric vehicles One of the drawbacks is the way they heat their passenger cabins. There is no typical heater in an electric vehicle as in the case of a vehicle with a conventional drive. For this purpose, e.g. an electric heater with a blower is used for this purpose. For this reason, the authors of the paper decided to determine the efficiency of the heating system in an electric vehicle at low ambient temperatures. Own tests were carried out on the vehicle at temperatures of +5°C, −5°C and −10°C. Based on the research, the authors of the paper could draw conclusions on how to heat the interior in the electric vehicle under test, as well as check whether the efficiency of such a system for individual places in the car is sufficient to obtain the set temperature.

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Vannestål, Maria Estling, et Hans Lindquist. « Learning English grammar with a corpus : Experimenting with concordancing in a university grammar course ». ReCALL 19, n^o 3 (24 août 2007) : 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344007000638.

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AbstractCorpora have been used for pedagogical purposes for more than two decades but empirical studies are relatively rare, particularly in the context of grammar teaching. The present study focuses on students' attitudes towards grammar and how these attitudes are affected by the introduction of concordancing. The principal aims of the project were to increase the students' motivation by showing them that English grammar is more than a set of rules in a book and to enable them to assume more responsibility for their own learning. The idea was to introduce the use of language corpora into the curriculum for first-semester English at Växjö University in Sweden, as a complement to grammar textbooks and ordinary exercise materials. Between classes, the students worked with problem-solving assignments that involved formulating their own grammar rules based on the examples they found in the corpus. In the classroom, a system of peer teaching was applied, where the students took turns at explaining grammatical rules to each other. Besides presenting a new way of working with grammar, we also provided the students with a tool for checking questions of usage when writing English texts in the future, since the corpus we use is free of charge and available to all. The work with corpora and peer teaching was evaluated by means of questionnaires and interviews. This article describes and evaluates this initiative and presents insights gained in the process. One important conclusion is that using corpora with students requires a large amount of introduction and support. It takes time and practice to get students to become independent corpus users, knowing how to formulate relevant corpus queries and interpret the results. Working with corpora is a method that some students appreciate while others, especially weak students, find it difficult or boring. Several of the students did not find corpora very useful for learning about grammatical rules, but realized the potential of using corpora when writing texts in English.

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Roald, Anne Sofie. « Islamic Versus Modern Western Education ». American Journal of Islam and Society 11, n^o 1 (1 avril 1994) : 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v11i1.2459.

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The Islamization of education, which is part of the more overarchingdiscussion of Islamizing knowledge, has activated Muslim social and naturalscientists as well as scholars in the humanities. The wide extensionof scholarly fields involved has colored the discussion and multiplied itsviews. For a reader in the subject of Islamic education, this multiplexpicture can be confusing and make it hard to distinguish petween the differentcomponents.In his research, Kitaji has attempted to compare the modem westernand Islamic educational systems. He has divided his research into fourmain parts. First he gives an outline of national education. In this part, hedeparts from the problems faced by the Japanese educational system,where the drop-out rates have nearly doubled in the last ten years. In thecase of Japan, he finds that the curriculum is rigid and does not take intoaccount individual differences in the ability to absorb information. Hefurther argues that the psychological atmosphere discourages pupils, forthe system tries to control them by regulating their attitudes and psychicalappearance (i.e., hair-style and clothes).From the particularity of Japanese schooling, he turns to a descriptionof the western educational system in general. What Kitaji does is to generalizethe western educational system in terms of Japanese actual experiences,western educational philosophy (mostly French), and westerndomestic critics. This results in a generalization that is far too broad, andI, who live in Sweden, tecognize only a few of the author’s characteristicsof the western educational system. However, Kitaji makes an importantpoint, which I assume pertains nearly to all western countries’national educational system: neglecting the pupils’ identity formation, particularlythe spiritual part. He also emphasizes the fact that nationaleducation is based upon the state’s demands rather than the pupils’ individualneeds. Although Kitaji stresses the state’s role in the developmentof structure and of curriculum, his recurrent emphasis of the state’s rolein curriculum development makes it difficult to grasp whose conscious orunconscious forces are actually working. The research would maybe bemore substantial if some comments had been made on this subject ...

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Williams-Hogan, Jane. « The place of Emanuel Swedenborg in the spiritual saga of Scandinavia ». Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 20 (1 janvier 2008) : 254–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67339.

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Between 1749 and 1771 the Swede Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) wrote and published eighteen religious works in Latin that he claimed were the foundation of a new Christian religion. He wrote that he had been called by God to unlock the spiritual secrets of the Bible through the doctrine of correspondences; to reveal the nature of the spiritual world based on experience in that realm; and to explain the keys to living a heavenly life. Stating in his last work, True Christianity (paragraph no. 779) that he was called only to write and publish, Swedenborg never attempted to found a church. Swedenborg published his books in Amsterdam and London, and if his 1758 print runs of 1,000 for five different works are typical, he had thousands of books available to distribute throughout Europe and he did so. However, the number of books in Scandinavia at the time of his death was probably fairly small. In 1772 there were less than a dozen readers in all of Europe, and only a small handful in Scandinavia. While awareness, education, and access are necessary prerequisites to the possibility of responding to these works, interest is essential. From the beginning, and over the years since their publication, individuals motivated to explore them seem to fall into the following categories: religious virtuosi/seekers; philosophers; occultists; artists, poets, and, writers. In this article the author, after a few remarks about issues on scholarship, turns her attention to three men with three different relationships to Swedenborg‘s religious writings, they are Edvard Munch (1863–1944), Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55), and August Strindberg (1850–1912). Then she makes an assessment of Swedenborg’s contribution to Scandinavia.

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Nikitin, Andrii. « ART PROSPECTION OF YURI RUBASHOV ». Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, n^o 28 (15 décembre 2019) : 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.28.2019.124-129.

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Rubashov — Honored Artist of Ukraine, Member of the National Union of Artists in Ukraine, Associ- ate Professor of the Department of Drawing the National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture.Yurii Rubashov was born in Kyiv in 1947. After the end of the RCSU with the name of T. Shevchenko in 1965, he joined KSAI and till 1971 he studied in prominent Ukrainian graphists: V. Kasyana, I. Selivanov, V. Chebanyk.The artist turns to historical subjects and initiates graphic cycle, dedicated to the history of Kiev Rus and the activities of the kings who influenced the historical passing of events of that time.First of this thesis topic was a series of lithographs "Yaroslav the Wise" (1971), later — a series of graphic com- positions "Kiev Rus" (1979), a series of colored prints "Prince of Kiev", "Princess Olga, Svyatoslav, Vladimir, and Yaroslav the Wise (1992).The artist shows the greatest creative interest in landscape painting (cycles "On the Spain" (1982), "On the Sweden" (1985), "On the Jordan" (1983), "On the Armenia" (1983), "Roads of the Ukraine" (1996) and still life (Sweden Series, 2012–2013).It can be argued that Yu. Rubashov’s works absorbed the lyrics of landscapes with characteristic features of both southern and northern colors, and his still life is characterized by precise organization, a variety of styl- ized forms, which show confidence in the possession of the material and a balanced sense of compositional harmony. In the process of forming the author’s technique, he chooses the path of innovation and experiment, which in turn causes a peculiar interpretation of different technical means — a combination of materials and technologies of different nature. The artist exploits and applies multicolored pigments, oil pastels, watercolors and acrylic paints and the like, mixing everything with different solvents, which gives the opportunity to original express and crystallize a peculiar, author’s style.Drawing on the foundations of academic education, the artist experiments, seeks creative ideas and success- fully incorporates contemporary artistic problems into new imaginative solutions. This is a valuable example of growing skill and formation creative personality.In 2000 and 2015 he received first-degree diplomas All-Ukrainian Triennial of Graphic Arts, in 2012 — Di- ploma of the third stage of the exhibition-competition named G.Yakutovich.Yu. Rubashov fruitfully combines creative work with teaching. In the process of teaching his students, Yu. Rubashov not only lays the foundations of academic drawing, but also encourages to analyze creative material, to study and master the various drawing techniques and opportunities inherent in them.In the general process of contemporary search for an art, together with the academic pragmatism of the cur- riculum, the teacher, especially in the first courses of the Faculty of Fine Arts and Restoration, draws attention of the students in different artistic trends, teaches analytical and creative perception of natural objects and consciously approach the transformation of three-dimensional forms on a two-dimensional work plane of a paper sheet. These methodological principles meet the needs of modern times.The stylistic language of his works is recognizable and special. Not dwelling on what he has achieved, he im- parts his experience to the students, demonstrating the inexhaustible possibilities of drawing and the technical means of its implementation, including pastels. The high level of his works makes it possible to claim that Yu. Rubashov is a master of pastels and his contribution to the development of Ukrainian art is indisputable.

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